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Vol. 5, No. 1 | January – June 2021

SJCMS | P-ISSN: 2520-0755| E-ISSN: 2522-3003 | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal

Solid Waste: A Case Study of Sanghar City

Laraib Bhatti1, Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur1, Irfan Ahmed Memon1, Imtiaz

Ahmed Chandio1, Fahad Ahmed Shaikh1

Abstract:

The generation of municipal solid waste in many cities has increased as the population is

increasing. Mismanagement of MSW collection is creating, health hazards, socio-economic

problems, and deteriorating environments. This research aimed to examine the SWM problems

and to identify SWM issues through the inhabitant's perspective and propose a sustainable

method to control, collect, treat, utilize and disposing of Municipal SW in Sanghar City. Hence,

the objective of this study is to achieve through cluster sampling, for the residential questionnaire

study, a sample size of 384 was obtained and descriptive statistics and regression and correlation

analysis methods have been used to evaluate the data collected. As a result, the collection of

MSW is quite inappropriate and constricted to the influential area and solid waste keeps on

scattered throughout the remaining areas. In recent years, the mismanagement of MSW has

become a major problem in Sanghar city. The key problems of SW in the city are indiscriminate

disposal, improper collection, inadequate storage, and insufficient facilities. To address these

issues, the management of the disposal of SW must be carried out with the complete participation

of the respective communities.

Keywords: Municipal solid waste; collection; disposal; quality of life; residential satisfaction.

1. Introduction

In general, MSW is a collection of

commercial and household waste created by

the living population [1]. Municipal Solid

Waste contains recycled paper, cans and

bottles, food waste, yard trimmings, and other

products [2]. Municipal solid waste comprises

any human-derived waste that is usually

unwanted as unnecessary or discarded [3].

MSW is a substance that is no longer useful to

the individual responsible for it, nor is it meant

to be released directly in a pipe. Normally this

does not contain human excreta [4]. MSW is

produced domestically and commercially in

1 Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan

Corresponding Author: blaraib01@gmail.com

public places and streets. The words

“garbage”, “trash”, “refuse” and “rubbish”

were used to refer to some categories of MSW.

MSW is therefore any raw material that comes

from residential and commercial operations

and is deemed to be discarded by those who

own it. It takes us to municipal solid waste

sources [5].

MSW is one of the big environmental issues

facing cities in many underdeveloped

countries, including Pakistan. The growth of

the economic and urban population is leading

to an increased generation of municipal SW.

The use of products that cause toxic waste is

mailto:blaraib01@gmail.com

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

another burden. Unmanaged disposal of city

solid waste adds to pollution and general

prosperity risks in the districts. Especially in

low-income groups, most regions lack a

collection of refuse. Locals in low-income

societies tend to dump or burn their trash in

close empty areas, particularly government

sites and rivers [6]. The highest generation of

waste of the Kumasi metropolitan area was

recorded at 0.75 kg/person/day [7]. Due to the

absence of laws and regulations, fundraising,

self-awareness, management and knowledge,

and the collection of cars, machinery, and

recycling technology, it is unable to manage

the continually increasing waste products

quantity [8].

Therefore, Proper management of MSW is

important for minimizing the impacts of

environmental conditions and land

degradation. Proper management of MSW has

become a big issue among many cities in the

developing world, and Pakistan is one of them

[9]. It is assumed that if MSW is properly

handled, it can be a beneficial resource, but if

it is not managed efficiently, it can become a

cause of environmental and human hazards.

More to the point it is also believed by

different institutions that is one of the most

important components parts of urban

sanitation is municipal SW management.

There is a lack of planning and management

in Sanghar City. There are no appropriate

arrangements for the management of SW.

This research concentrates on the present SW

management framework especially in the

district and its adverse effects on condition

and to survey the system, practices, and

obligations of different organizations required

in strong waste administration inside the

premises of the city zone.

2. Literature Review

Improper management of SW creates different

environmental and health problems for local

people in cities. Mechanisms of municipal SW

management in developed and

underdeveloped counties are also discussed in

this review. This literature may use to

accomplish research objectives and give

support to suggest a better mechanism of

municipal solid waste management to solve

overcome problems in the study area. The

rapid population growth and urbanization

process translate into more waste created [10].

Another research in Kolkata, India, found that

a lack of facilities exists, and those improper

bin collections are to blame for inadequate

municipal solid waste collection and

transportation. These studies have shown that

this issue must be addressed because it

directly affects the climate and culture.

2.1. Municipal Solid Waste

It is a global challenge to manage

environmentally sustainable municipal solid

waste [11]. However, many municipalities fail

to control solid waste management issues, due

to a not properly managed system [12]. While

some administrated bodies have formed

environmental protection plans of action,

rules, which are, unfortunately, just take on

only in capital cities [6]. Open space areas are

used for dumping in most cities [12].

Reducing this problem is the biggest challenge

for developing nations such as Pakistan. The

public playing a significant part in reducing

and managing this problem in general. In

Pakistan, it is revealed that there are nearly

produced 64,000 tons per day of solid waste

[13]. These come out to be an insufficient

understanding of the problem of solid waste

management (SWM), whereas the first and

efficient management of waste is just feasible

to a public behavior [14]. Japan is reported to

be effective in decreasing solid waste by

applying a shared accountability notion where

the public separates the waste before dumping

it into fuels, non-burnable, and recyclables

[15].

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

2.2. Comparison of the activities of MSW
management in Pakistan and other

countries.

Those countries with a lower GDP produce

less SW [16]. By refusing this statement, it

explains that SW generation is gathered from

information provided by a variety of sources

in cities, considering municipalities, NGOs,

research centers, higher education institutions,

or even the first author. Whereas GDP is a

national economic measure. Table 1 displays

the generation of MSW coming from various

regions and countries.

The amount of MSW produced increases as

the population increase, as shown in Figure 1.

MSW generation per capita is inversely

proportional to national economic growth and

varies by country.

3. Material and Methods

The data was gathered from various primary

and secondary sources of data. Secondary data

were gathered using comprehensive sources,

i.e. literature studies in books and journals

written. I have selected district Sanghar City

and the data have been obtained and analyzed

in SPSS 22.0 using descriptive analysis and

the technique of regression and correlation

analysis. The data identified the main critical

causes for the city of Sanghar and discussed

their possible solution with the field expert.

The area selected for research purposes is

Sanghar city to examine significant issues of

MSW management. Sanghar is the

headquarters of Sanghar

district and Sanghar Taluka. As per the

census, 2017 total population of Sanghar

city is four, 34,087. The total area of Sanghar

city is 2,218 square kilometers. The

Coordinates of Sanghar city is 26°2'49" N

68°56'54"E. Generating Solid waste is 350gm

per person per day. The total generation is

over 250 tons. Sanghar has located

approximately 265km from Karachi.

Fig 1: Estimation of Population and generation of MSW in Pakistan (Kawai and Tasaki, 2016)

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

Table I: Generation rate of MSW in different

countries

Fig 2: Sanghar district Map (Source: Google

Map)

3.1. Method

The data was collected from a field survey

through various techniques i.e. quantitative

methods, a detailed personal field survey.

Besides, the quantitative method was utilized

to obtain detailed information about

"municipal solid waste management" and its

impacts on research area residents. A uniform

questionnaire was developed and collected

from the selected area residents.

Detailed survey for

municipal solid waste carried out through per

sonal field surveys, personal

interviews, questionnaires. The questionnaire

may contain open-ended or close-ended

questions depending on the nature of the

research.

During the day, the survey was conducted for

the residents at their homes. The aims of the

survey were mentioned to potential residents

during the survey [17]. The purpose of this

data collection was to find out people's views

on the impacts of inadequate SWM on the

environment and human health. This strategy

has helped test public perceptions of the issue

of SWM. It also helped to determine whether

their perceptions of the impact that the

improper management of SW can have on the

environment, likewise on human health is

reliable.

Many unnecessary materials are produced in

every area of human life, and these materials

are discarded simply because they are

considered waste. Waste is a core problem in

developing countries where waste generation

per production unit is far higher than in

developed countries due to unsustainable

manufacturing practices, poor design, and bad

decision-making eventually. The goal of this

study was to identify the problems with SWM

in Sanghar and its effect on SW management

practices. This work is investigative, as well

as casual with a total population of 434087 a

sample size of 384 is used. The self-

administered Questionnaire instrument has

been used to collect study data.

The analyzes of the collected data are based

on quantitative data analysis techniques (such

as mean, percentages, ratios, and standard

deviation) and qualitative data analysis

techniques (such as content analysis). It was

found that not all of the issues facing SWM

activities were considered major challenges

but the only institutional structure and

appropriate laws on SW management. The

impact of the problems on waste management

practices on the results leads to inefficiency in

solid waste management practices. Based on

this study's results, it is suggested that

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

management adopt steps to address the

problems facing SWM practices.

3.2. Sample Population

The standard sample population and size of

the households must be calculated. The

standard level of the total population is (5-

10%) which can be used as a sample of the

total population [18].

TABLE II. Population Sample (Estimated)

Taluk

Populati

on in

2017

Total

Populati

on 2021

(project

ed)

Sample

Standa

Selecti

Number Of

Sampled

Households

(Questionnai

res)

Sangh

4,34,08

4,39,319 384 384

Sanghar population was 434087 as per Census

2017 with 50% population proportion and the

questionnaire sample size is 384 which is

taken in (Krejcie and Morgan 1970) table [19].

5% sample standard selection is taken in

the(Israel 1992) table [20]. Clusters from the

study area were chosen, which have at least 10

residential units and possessed similar

socioeconomic characteristics. As one

questionnaire would be able to represent 10

households and approximately 60 inhabitants.

Similarly, 384 questionnaires would

exemplify 3840 households and 23040

persons in the study area. With the help of

quota sampling, this proportion did take into

account to satisfy the standard levels of

population and sampled households. Thus, the

proportions were made and cluster-sampling

methodologies were implemented [21-29].

To conduct data about the existing mechanism

of municipal solid waste management,

machinery, workforce, existing duping points,

mod of municipal solid waste collection,

Tehsil Municipal Administrations (TMA’s)

Rules, and Bylaws the interviews were

conducted from different officials of

concerned authority working on MSW

management. To also conduct interviews to

know about a previous study on municipal SW

management in the city. The following

detailed information was received from the

authorities concerned about their department

[30-34].

4. Results and discussion

Two waste disposal sites have been chosen

and visited to observe the problems

surrounding municipal solid waste

management (SWM) in Sanghar, as well as to

understand the sources and forms of waste

disposal.

2.3. Sources of Municipal Solid Waste

Municipal SW sources are categorized into

two categories of residential and commercial

waste. This categorization was based on

observations made during visits to the site.

Each one source led to various forms of

residues. Waste forms found during disposal

station visits included cardboard, batteries,

paper, wood, plastics, glasses, etc. The details

of the waste found at the disposal site

concerning its generation source are discussed

in Table III.

TABLE III. Sources and Types of Municipal

Solid Waste

Source Typical

Location

Types of

Solid

Waste

Residential

House/

Apartment

Food

waste,

cardboard,

chemicals,

bottles,

metals,

textiles,

dust,

paper,

special

waste

(bulk

foods,

consumer

electronics

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

, batteries,

oil, and

tires), and

household

hazardous

waste.

Commercial/Municip

Offices,

restaurants

, hotels,

markets,

and stores

Paper,

cardboard,

iron,

wood,

plastics,

food

waste,

glass,

Special

waste,

toxic

waste

Structured questionnaires and unstructured

interviews were conducted at the disposal sites

during the visit with the staff and the

individual responsible for managing the

waste. By analyzing 384 questionnaire forms

obtained during these visits, the respondents

were statistically analyzed to reach a

consensus. The objective of the questionnaire

and the interviews were conducted to find

explanations for the production of waste that

was disposed of at the selected sites. The

results obtained from the Likert questionnaire

scale are discussed in Table IV.

The mean of the first factor has 0.972 SD

(Standard Deviation). Most of the respondents

i.e. 281 out of 384marked this factor strongly

agree. The major reason is, an increase in

population is a common cause of waste

generation in Sanghar city and most people

agree with it that is why it has the highest

value of RII too. For poor management, the

factor has 0.945 SD (Standard Deviation).

Most of the respondents i.e. 103 out of 384

marked this factor strongly agree. For factors

second and fourth, SD is within an almost

equal range, here, the majority of the

respondents are lying in SA (strongly agree).

The major reason being the difference of

opinion on this factor. As some people,

observe a high level of awareness. However,

others take in a different way i.e. generating a

high level of waste.

TABLE IV. Causes of Waste Generation

No.

Cause of

Waste

Generation

Strongly

Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree

Strongly

Disagree
Mean

Standard

Deviation

Relative

Important

index

Ranking

1
Increase

Population
281 47 34 11 11 1.5 0.972 0.9 1

Lack of

awareness

among the

public

103 126 55 56 44 2.51 1.33 0.6979 4

3
Poor

Management
279 50 33 14 8 1.49 0.945 0.901 2

Restrict

Open

Dumping

Yards

227 12 66 35 44 2.11 1.467 0.7786 3

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

Therefore, these products should not be

discarded at open dumpsites, appropriate

disposal methods such as incineration, etc.

should be implemented. Fig.3 and Fig.4

demonstrate the open dumping of solid waste

on the road.

The second significant factor, as found by this

study, is public awareness. The most common

problem of the day now is a lack of knowledge

about waste. It has been found that the public

is not interested in reducing the production of

waste but is increasing it by any means. The

people do not accept it as their responsibility

to reduce waste and dump it on roads that

would make the world unpleasant and unsafe,

and then start criticizing the government. The

main role the public itself plays in this regard

is to make them aware of the need of the hour

through various social activities.

Fig 1: Open dumping by the community of

solid waste on the road.

Poor or bad management of higher authorities

has also been stated to be a major cause and

ranked second. Management is the key to

success for any organization in any situation

but mismanagement, whether residential or

commercial, can fail. Likewise, inadequate

management of restaurants, commercial areas,

and construction work contributes to a rise in

the solid waste that can be avoided by creating

an accurate management plan for each

organization.

Fig 3: Dumping sites on the road

Furthermore, insufficient awareness of how to

store materials may cause pre-use material

harm, i.e. proper use of containers and

materials to minimize waste (e.g., creatively

storing and using leftovers). It will help

householders reduce household waste;

especially it is necessary for Sanghar city

because most of the city is a residential area.

Table V represents a Pearson Correlation

Matrix showing the association of dependent

and independent variables. The Asterisk (*) in

the table shows that the 2- tailed correlation is

significant at the 0.01 level, having a

confidence level of 99%. In each cell

represents its strength or relationship, whose

detail is given in the legend of Table 4. The

value of ±1 shows a perfect correlation, the

value of ±0.9 to ±0.7 shows strong correlation,

the value of ±0.6 to 0.4 shows moderate

correlation, the value of ±0.3 to ±0.1 shows

weak correlation, and unfilled cells shows no

correlation. Most of the correlation values are

negative; it shows how the relationship

negatively affected the other variables.

The number of males was 57.3%, and the

number of females was 42.7%. Overall, 34.6%

of respondents were aged 18 to 35, whereas

13.5% were above 60 years. Regarding

household size, 33.9% responded that they

were 2 to 4 family members live in the house,

25.5% were 5 to 7 family members, 22.7%

were 8 to 10 family members, while 18.0%

replied that they were more than 10 family

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

members in their house. Concerning education

and income, about 32.3% had a post-

graduation level of education, and 33.9%

belonged to the category receiving a monthly

income of RS 10,000 to 20,000 PKR, while

20.1% received RS 2000 to 10,000. About the

profession, 33.6% were unemployed, and

2.6% was pensioner (see Table VI).

TABLE V. Correlations among variables

The description of the model and

parameters for environmental factors are

shown in Table VII. A value of 0.755 for 'R'

shows that the environmental factors on

municipal solid waste have a significant

impact on people's quality of life. A value

of 0.571 for 'R2' shows that the predictors

lie close to the line of regression, i.e., a

strong prediction point. A value of 0.565

for 'Adjusted R2' shows that 56.5% of

residents realize that environmental factors

have a significant impact on municipal

solid waste generation. Whereas waste

disposal was found to harm the

environment and health quality with values

of -0.155, respectively.

TABLE VI. Demographic characteristic.

Characteristics Frequency %

Gender

Male 220 57.3

Female 164 42.7

Age

18 to 35 Years 133 34.6

36 to 45 Years 120 31.3

46 to 60 Years 79 20.6

Above 60 Years 52 13.5

Occupation

Employed 90 23.4

Unemployed 129 33.6

Self- Employed 56 14.6

Pensioner 10 2.6

Student 99 25.8

Education

Uneducated 5 1.3

Primary 77 20.1

Matriculation 58 15.1

Intermediate 12 3.1

Graduation 108 28.1

Post-Graduation 124 32.3

Household-Size

2 to 4 98 25.5

5 to 7 130 33.9

8 to 10 87 22.7

Above 10 69 18.0

Monthly Income

RS 2000- RS

5000
77 20.1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1
Gender

Age .42
**

Educati

.64
**

.50
**

Employ

ment

.31
**

.42
**

.27
**

Househ

old size
.36
**

.71
**

.47
**

.30
**

Income -

.59
**

.72
**

.61
**

.37
**

.63
**

Empty

Dustbin
.52
**

.81
**

.55
**

.39
**

.60
**

.66
**

Generat

e waste
.51
**

.75
**

.62
**

.34
**

.69
**

.76
**

.72
**

Disposa

l waste

.44
**

.49
**

.64
**

.06

.56
**

.55
**

.51
**

.53
**

Waste

collecti

.66
**

.51
**

.78
**

.20
**

.48
**

.50
**

4**

**. The correlation at level 0.01 (2-tailed)

is significant.

Note. N= 384, * ρ < .05, ** ρ < .01

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

RS 5001- RS

10,000
77 20.1

RS 10,000- RS

20,000
130 33.9

> 20,000 100 26.0

TABLE VII. Coefficient of regression for

environment variables

R= 0.755, R2= 0.571, Adjusted R2= 0.565,

Std. Error of Estimate= 0.683

Factor Bet

Std

Err

test

Sig

Constant 1.5

0.1

8.03

0.0

X1 Empty

Dustbin

0.4

0.0

14.6

0.0

X2 Disposal

waste

0.1

0.0

3.49

0.0

X3 Waste

collection

0.0

1.80

0.0

X4 Need for

health

education

to create

awarenes

regarding

solid

waste

managem

ent

0.0

2.56

0.0

X5 Environm

ental

impacts

of solid

waste

around

dumpsite

0.0

0.21

0.8

The overview model and parameter

estimates for economic factors are shown

in Table VIII. A value of 0.696 for 'R'

shows that the economic factors influence

all household sizes in a residential area

significantly. A value of 0.484 for 'R2'

indicates the predictors lying on the

regression line. A value of 0.479 for

'Adjusted R2' indicates that 47.9 percent of

residents think economic factors greatly

influence the quality of life and the

physical environment. Whereas income was

found to be the negative impact factor with a

coefficient value of -0.477. This can be

explained as Sanghar City has gained a

significant increase in residential density as a

result of which the drainage and street

conditions are getting worse and no one wants

to pay for the cleaning of such waste that

comes from the high-income family. They

create more garbage as compare to the low-

income group. Thus, people complain about

the disposal system and the condition of the

street.

TABLE VIII. Coefficient of regression for

Economic variables

R= 0.696, R2= 0.484, Adjusted R2= 0.479,

Std. Error of Estimate= 0.755

Factor Beta Std

Err

test

Sig.

Consta

3.095 0.24

12.5

0.0

X6 Educat

ion

0.135 0.04

2.96

0.0

X7 Incom

0.477

0.04

10.1

0.0

X8 How

much

will

you

pay?

0.2

0.04

5.29

0.0

Table IX displays the overview model and

estimation of parameters for the rules and

regulation factors. A value of 0.494 for 'R'

shows that the rules and regulation factors are

contributing less among effective and efficient

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

solid waste management of restricted

open_dumping_yards in Sanghar city. A value

of 0.164 for 'R2' indicates that the predictors

are not outliers, but are far from the line of

regression, i.e., not a good prediction point. A

value of 0.156 for 'Adjusted R2' shows that

only 15.6% of improper waste management is

caused due to the rules and regulation factors

of solid waste. According to the estimation of

the differences between actual and estimated

variables by 'standard error of the estimate,'

value of 1.058 indicates that the difference

between actual and estimated variables is very

high.

Whereas, increase penalties who violate the

rules and regulations were found to be the

element having a negative effect with a

coefficient value of -0.100. And what the

model predicts will not be as specific as the

actual situation.

TABLE IX. Coefficient of regression for

Rules and Regulation variables

R= 0.405, R2= 0.164, Adjusted R2= 0.156,

Std. Error of Estimate= 1.058

Factor Be

t Si

Constant 1.

0.4

Restrict_open_

dumping_yard

0.0

The

management of

SW is going to

be solved.

0.1

Increase

penalties who

violate the

rules and

regulations

.04

In Sanghar city, there is a Lack of Planning

and Management. There is no appropriate

arrangement for the administration of SW.

Therefore, the municipality accumulation of

family waste is very irregular and constrained

to powerful ranges. Therefore, strong waste

stays scattered all through the rest of the areas.

To distinguish the issues in MSW in Sanghar.

To highlight the strong waste issues of the

neighborhood individuals.

The current system of MSW administration at

Sanghar city might be included with no

appropriate principles and directions. Besides,

this review can propose new and Improve

instruments for the administration of civil

strong waste administration. This exploration

likewise can direct to receive a successful

component of municipal solid waste

administration to maintain a strategic distance

from natural and well-being clashes in

Sanghar city. Management and workers are

not taking that waste the 86% of people are not

satisfied with the actual situation of SW. The

regression model used in this analysis to

determine the environmental and public health

effects is based on the variables selected. The

main variables used in this work are

descriptive statistics given in Table 6. The

values depicted are based on the regular data

points for all forms of MSW considered

obtained from each source.

Taking into view the significance of a policy

in solving urban issues, recommending policy

implications was based on the results of the

analysis. Economic, environmental, and rules

and regulations factors were found as the

cause of improper management. This results

in achieving the study’s objectives. To

identify SWM issues through the inhabitant’s

perspective.

Fig.5 shows that the proposed plan for the

municipal solid waste of Sanghar city and

dumping site is also mentioned in this map.

Green points show the skip containers and

each container should be placed in every

corner of the street, and the black arrow shows

the dumping site, which is 50 acres of land,

and this land is used for landfilling purposes.

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

Fig 5: Image showing the proposed plan for skip containers and dumping site in Sanghar city.

5. Conclusion

My thesis aims to suggest a proposal for

proper MSW dumping sites in Sanghar to

enhance the city's quality of life and physical

climate. The following goals are set to achieve

this goal, and they are focused on data

collected from primary and secondary

sources.

Municipal solid waste management is

essential for a city's growth and physical

condition because improper solid waste

disposal degrades human health and causes

diseases in the environment. This problem,

however, can be resolved through proper

waste management and collection, which is a

critical need in every region, including

Sanghar, which has been chosen as the

research area. The research examines several

causes of SW generation in Sanghar through

visits and a simple questionnaire survey. The

level of significance of the causes was

observed by collecting data between the

different respondents to the survey

questionnaire. The study concludes that, with

population increases, a lack of public

awareness, poor management are a few of the

critical causes of waste generation in the city.

Discussions with experts have revealed that

controlling the population, including

controlling urban growth in the city, can bring

down major issues. Increasing public

Laraib Bhatti (et al.), Challenges Faced in the Collection and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of

Sanghar City (pp. 59 – 72)

Sukkur IBA Journal of Computing and Mathematical Science - SJCMS | Vol. 5 No. 1 Jan – June 2021

awareness, effective management of the

various organizations can lead to a decrease in

waste generation in the city. The study

through the results suggests that there is an

utter need for an efficient SW management

system in Sanghar. In this regard, the Local

Government needs to put their efforts. The

overall system from collection to its safer

disposal requires special attention. Moreover,

public awareness can help the system more.

The Local Government should not only utilize

the public funds on the maintenance of the

entire system properly but also requires

focusing on arranging a few programs like

public meetings, seminars, workshops, etc. on

monthly basis. These programs would be

aware of the public, which is an important

stakeholder in the reduction and proper

management of SW. The results show that the

residents of Sanghar city have not facilitated

to dispose of their waste properly daily. 60%

of the Cumulative Percent of ashes was

produced because of the open burning of

MSW. 28% of SW is disposed into the open

space and 31%on the dump side where openly

burn the solid waste. 33%of solid waste

disposes of residents by self and due to lack of

management and workers are not taking that

waste the 86% of people are not satisfied with

the current situation of solid waste. The

regression model used in this study to identify

effects on the environment and public health

is based on the variables selected. The main

descriptive statistics variables used in this

work are shown in Table 6. The values shown

are based on the daily data points collected

from each source for all MSW types

considered. The study can be expanded further

to equate related work with other major cities

in Pakistan and abroad. In this way, thorough

literature in different countries can be checked

and potential approaches can be further

refined.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION: All authors

contribute equally in this research work.

DATA AVAILABILTY STATEMENT: The data of

the manuscript will be available upon the

request.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None

FUNDING: There is no any source of funding

for this research.

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