Format Template


 

                                 Vol. 6, No. 1 | January – June 2023 
 

 

 

SJET | P-ISSN: 2616-7069 |E-ISSN: 2617-3115 | Vol. 6 No. 1 January – June 2023 
11 

Power Quality Improvement and Harmonics 

Compensation Using Hybrid Filter

Arslan Arshad1, Rohail Asghar1,Muhammad Arsalan Ilyas2, Muhammad Mudassar2*, 

Zubair Khalid2 

 

Abstract: 

The need for electricity is expanding at an even faster rate in these modern times. In order for 

the electrical devices to function properly and effectively, a constant supply of high-quality 

power is required. The most common types of power quality reducing factors include noise, 

interruptions, variations in voltage and frequency, and so on. These factors all contribute to a 

decrease in the electrical devices' overall efficiency. Total harmonic distortion (THD) was made 

worse by the presence of non-linear loads. The existence of harmonics is the primary cause of 

the problems that lead to the breakdown of insulation, excess heating, and a shortened lifespan 

for various pieces of equipment. In addition to this, if there is a high THD in the electrical system, 

it may cause the energy meter to give inaccurate readings. An economic hybrid filter can be 

employed to reduce the losses caused by harmonics distortion, thereby providing a solution to 

those issues. This paper provides an in-depth look into the application of this filter for harmonic 

compensation. By performing simulations with the Simulink tool of MATLAB and validating 

the results using the experimental setup, it has been determined that using a filter can reduce the 

total harmonic distortion (THD) of the current by 40.09 percentage points, which will result in 

better power quality and energy conservation. The IEEE Standard 519-1992 was consulted as a 

reference when making this determination. 

 

Keywords: Power Quality, Harmonics, Hybrid Filters, Total  Harmonic Distortion, Simulink

1. Introduction 

Electricity is the most popular energy form 

and its supply is heavily required by the 

modern society. It is hard to imagine a life 

without electricity supply. In the same way the 

electric power quality which is being supplied 

is also very necessary for the better 

performance of the consumer equipment’s or 

devices. In the power sector, the power quality 

                                                           
1 Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Engineering & Technology, 
Lahore, Pakistan 
2 Department of Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan 
Corresponding Author: mudasser_90@hotmail.com 

is the most important term and it concerns 

vastly to the users and electric power company 

[1]. The power quality which is being supplied 

to the users rely on the power ranges of 

frequency and voltage. If the frequency and 

voltage of the power supply are changed from 

those of the standard ones, the quality of the 

energy is disturbed or impaired. At present, the 

advancement of semi-conductor devices is a 



 

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matter of days for technology development. By 

this advantages and development, 

semiconductor devices have a permanent place 

in the energy industry to facilitate the overall 

control of the system. Furthermore, most of the 

load is also semiconductor built equipment. 

However, semiconductor devices are 

characterized by non-linear and drag non-linear 

current from the source. Semi-conductor 

devices are also engaged in the conversion of 

electricity from AC to DC or vice versa [2]. 

This power transition has many switching 

operations that can introduce interruption in the 

current. Because of this interruption and non-

linearity, the generation of harmonics disturbs 

the quality of electricity which is supplied to the 

end user.   

Modern sources of harmonics include all non-

linear loads such as power electronic 

equipment including Adjustable Speed Drives 
ASDs, switched mode power supplies, and 

data processing equipment. Harmonics and 

reactive power are the root causes of a number 

of issues, including the distortion of the supply 

voltage, the excessive heating of transformers, 

a power factor that is too low, an excessive 

current, the failure of the control system, the 

loss of insulation, and the destruction of 

electronic devices. Because of this, each and 

every one of these problems presents a 

significant challenge for the electrical system. 

Therefore, the reduction of risk is extremely 

important for both the customer service and 

the customers. The presence of harmonics is 

the primary factor that contributes to the 

aforementioned issues, and filtering out 

harmonics is the approach that should be taken 

to address these concerns [3]. Therefore, 

harmonics compensation is absolutely 

necessary in order to maintain the high quality 

of the electric power.  

Recently, the loads mostly used in industry or 

commercially cause the harmonics generation. 

The current harmonics disturb the voltage of 

system which gradually upsets the 

performance of system and provides 

unwanted circumstances like insulation 

failure, control system failure, electrical and 

mechanical fluctuations in the alternator, 

overheating problems and unpredictable 

protection behavior etc. These above all the 

mentioned problems are serious for the 

electrical system, so harmonic mitigation is 

essential for the consumers and utility 

purposes [4]. 

The purpose of this paper is to discuss ways in 

which the persistent risk of system losses that 

is associated with harmonics in line currents 

can be mitigated. The primary goal is to 

minimize the amount of power that is wasted 

by operating the shunt active power filter at a 

very low switching frequency. On the other 

hand, this contributes to an increase in the total 

harmonic distortion. This can be 

accomplished through the utilization of a 

hybrid filter, which is a cost-effective strategy 

that combines active and passive filter 

arrangements. When compared to the shunt 

active filter, which accomplishes the same 

goals at a higher switching frequency, this 

method yields sinusoidal source current with 

unity power factor at a lower switching 

frequency. This allows to obtain these results 

at a lower cost. As a consequence of this, the 

strength of the active filter is diminished, and 

the drawbacks of the passive filter are 

alleviated. There are two distinct parts to this 

method that can be utilized. The electrical 

quality is improved thanks to the elimination 

of low-order harmonics by the APF and the 

elimination of higher-order harmonics by the 

passive filter. The overall cost is brought 

down without any corresponding loss in 

efficiency.  

2. Power Quality And Harmonics 

Power systems are intended to work at a 

frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. Nevertheless, 

particular kinds of non-uniform loads generate 

current and voltages among frequencies which 

are whole number multiple of the essential 

frequency. These frequency mechanisms 

famous as harmonic contamination and is 

possessing contrary outcome on the power 

scheme grid [5]. This is usually a customer 



 

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determined problem. So, power attribute 

delinquent is expressed as “any amount of 

established in current, voltage or frequency 

deviations that effect in harm, distressed, loss 

or broken of end user appliances.”  

2.1. Power Quality Issues 

Energy efficiency is influenced by any 
disparity in current, voltage or frequency. 
Common problems that affect the instrument's 
variability are power system faults, variation in 
frequency, Power surges, Improper grounding 
affect, blackouts or brownouts, Transients and 
electrical line noise. The effects of these 
problems are the harmonics production. 
Harmonics reduced power quality and could 
damage the end user devices. These harmonics 
causes insulating failure, underground cable 
heating, increase losses and reduce the 
equipment’s life etc. 

2.2. Harmonics Creation 

Pure sinusoidal waveforms can be found in 
true waveforms of phase or line currents and 
voltages. This indicates that it is made up of a 
fundamental frequency of exactly 50 Hz in its 
purest form (as is the case in Pakistan). 
Nevertheless, the actual waveform is made up 
of numerous sine waves operating at a variety 
of frequencies, with one operating at the power 
frequency and being referred to as the 
fundamental component. The other 
frequencies that are not quite as dominant are 
referred to as the harmonics [6]. The value of a 
specific frequency that is compounded of the 
basic frequency is known as the harmonic 
component, also referred to simply as the 
harmonic. The magnitude of the harmonic 
component is greatest at frequencies that are 
close to the fundamental frequency, and it 
begins to decrease as higher orders of the 
fundamental are achieved. 

In a normal alternating system, voltage varies 
by sinusoidal at a certain frequency typically 
50 or 60 Hz. When a connected load to the 
system is linear, it pulls a current which is 
sinusoidal in nature and has same frequency 
such as voltage. When a connected load to the 
system is non-linear in nature like a rectifier 
then drag current is also non-sinusoidal. The 
resulting waveform of current is complicated 

which depends on load type. The equipment’s 
used in offices like printers, fax machines, 
personal computers and rotating machines in 
industry are other examples of nonlinear loads 
[7]. 

I. Static Converters: These devices are 
made up of thyristors and gate firing 
apparatus. A number of different 
parameters, including as asymmetry, 
inaccuracy in thyristor firing times, 
switching timings, and inadequate 
filtering, all contribute to the 
modification of the amplitudes of the 
distinctive harmonics. In the case of 
thyristor bridges, one might also 
notice a shift in the harmonics as a 
function of the thyristor phase angle. 

II. Lighting: Lighting systems that use 
discharge lamps or fluorescent lamps 
can generate harmonic currents. 
These types of lamps are used in 
fluorescent lighting. In some 
circumstances involving 
contemporary compact fluorescent 
lighting, a third harmonic ratio can 
possibly go above one hundred 
percent. The neutral conductor 
therefore carries the sum of the third 
harmonic currents of the three phases, 
and as a result, if it is not suitably 
sized, it may be subjected to 
dangerous overheating. 

3. Effects Of Linear And Non Linear 
Loads 

In the past, the vast majority of loads were 
linear, which means that when they were 
connected to a sinusoidal voltage, these 
devices would produce a sinusoidal current. 
When connected to a sinusoidal voltage, the 
majority of loads in use today behave in a non-
linear manner (for example, power electronics 
such as rectifiers, frequency converters, 
switched mode power supplies, electronic 
lamps, and so on). This means that these 
devices produce non-sinusoidal currents, as 
depicted in Fig. 1. These currents are made up 
not only of the basic current but also of 
currents of higher frequencies, which skew the 
sinusoidal waveform in an undesirable way. 



 

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Current harmonics are the primary factor in the 
generation of voltage harmonics [8]. Unless 
the non-linear load is also pumping power, it 
will not directly cause voltage harmonics to 
occur on its own. 

The system shows the waveforms of two 
different loads. One is non-linear and other one 
is linear. As we can observe that non-linear 
load current is not smooth. In fact, this wave 
has a great deal of harmonic contents. On the 
other hand, the linear load current waveform is 
far smoother and consists of the fundamental 
frequency component only [9]. 

 

Figure 1: Comparison of linear and nonlinear loads in 

time domain 

Total Harmonic Distortion, more commonly 
known as THD, is a standard measurement of 
a signal. It is defined as the ratio of the total of 
all harmonics components to the value at the 
fundamental frequency. The THD for the 
current can be found in the case of the power 
system in the equation 1 

THDi =
Iharmonic

Ifundamental
 × 100%                (1) 

 

The above equation can be expand in given 

form, 

THDi =  
√∑    Ij

2∞
j=2

I1
 = 

√I2
2+I3

2+I4
2…….In

2

I1
         (2) 

Where In is the root mean square RMS value 

of the nth harmonic and j=1 is fundamental 

frequency. Therefore, the THD can be 

decrease by increasing Ifundamental or by 

decreasing Iharmonic. 

4. Effects Of Harmonics On Power 
Quality 

When a load that is not uniform is connected, 
a sinusoidal source will produce a distorted 
current in the circuit. Harmonics are present in 
the current that has been distorted. A voltage 
droplet for each separately harmonic current 
forms whenever that current's harmonic passes 
through the supply impedance. The amount of 
voltage twisting is affected by the current as 
well as the impedance of the supply. 
Harmonics cause disruptions in the quality of 
the electric power. Harmonics can have 
unfavorable effects on quality, including but 
not limited to the following: computer system 
failures, hasty motor exhaustions, buzzing in 
telecommunication cable lines, and warmness 
of transformers [10]. These are just a few 
examples of the kinds of problems that quality 
drawbacks can carry into household and 
engineering industry. A relatively minor 
problem with quality might prevent the entire 
industry from functioning normally. 

Noise is a chief problem associated with the 

harmonics. Capacitors are seen to overheat 

with the production of harmonics.  The current 

increase in the system is one of the major 

issues of power scheme harmonics. This is the 

predominant opportunity for third harmonic 

that causes strong growth in the current of zero 

order, thereby raising the current fluctuations 

in neutral.   

5. Harmonics Filteration Techniques 

There are many problems that disturb 

electrical systems like transients, noise and 

voltage sag etc. These problems resulting in 

harmonic production and affecting the power 

quality supplied to the end user. Harmonic 

frequencies may occur in waveforms of 

voltage or current those are multiple members 

of the fundamental frequency which do not 

contribute to the supply of active power. For 

this purpose filters are utilized at PCC in 

which load is associated to the power supply. 

The performance of system is increased by 

using that filters. Filters are used to overcome 
the problems produced by harmonics. For this, 

various filter techniques are available in the 



 

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literature. Passive filters are used initially, but 

they are highly relying on parameters of 

system. In addition, the system encryption is 

suitable for filtering a particular sequence of 

events. Thus, in order to address the 

drawbacks of passive filters the use of active 

filters is necessary [11]. Various types of 

filters are available for this objective. The 

complete sketch is shown in the given Fig. 2. 

5.1. Pasive Filters  

Harmonic currents can be mitigated with the 
help of passive filters, which are made up of a 
collection of passive elements such as 
resistors, capacitors, and inductors that are 
tuned to a particular frequency. There have 
been no addition of any active components, 
such as operational amplifiers, at any point. 
The harmonic current is redirected to ground 
by the passive filters, which also generate a 
path with low impedance for the particular 
harmonic frequency. 

 

Figure 2: Classification of filters 

Therefore, passive filters enhance the voltage 
and current of the supply system without the 
adverse effects that are caused by the 
harmonics produced by non-linear loads. A 
resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor are the 
three components that make up the single 
tuned passive filter. By creating a path with 
low impedance, the inductor and the capacitor 
are intended to reduce the impact of a 
particular order of frequency. In comparison to 
the design of an active filter, the construction 
of a passive filter is extremely straightforward 

and cost-effective [11]. Formulas have been 
provided, and those will serve as the basis for 
the filter parameters that will be designed for 
the proposed work. 

Reactive Power (KVAR) = KVA*sin (cos-

1(PF))  

 

Filter Reactance 

Xfil =  
KV2 (1000)

KVAR
Ω             (3) 

 

Capacitive Reactance 

Xcap =  
Xfil ∗  h

2

h2 − 1
Ω                 (4) 

 

Inductive Reactance 

XL =  
Xcap

h2
Ω                             (5) 

 

Harmonic Frequency 

fh =  
1

2 π√LC
                           (6) 

 

Where h is harmonic order, L is inductance 

and C is capacitance. 

The passive filters have some drawbacks 

which are given below: 

 Due to occurrence of passive 

elements, these filters are massive 

and too heavy. These filters 

restrained the harmonics which are 

usually low order. 

 Oscillation or reconciliation problem 

that affects the stability of the power 

system's network. 

 Filter features are influenced by the 

frequency deviation in the energy 

system and tolerances in components 

cannot be realized in an environment 

with varying frequency.  

 The filter is loaded when the size of 

the harmonics in the AC lines rises. 

 The impedance of the power supply 

disrupts the compensation functions 

of LC filters. 



 

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5.2. Active Power Filters  

In recent years, due to advancements in switch 

technology, the study of active power filters 

has become an increasingly popular research 

topic. When dealing with high levels of 

power, the cost of magnetic and capacitive 

components can become prohibitively 

expensive. Recent years have seen the 

development of high frequency switching 

devices with high current and voltage ratings. 

Some examples of these devices include the 

metal oxide semiconductor field effect 

transistor (MOSFET) and the insulated gate 

bipolar transistor (IGBT). These are primarily 

made up of power electronic switching 

devices like thyristors and IGBTs, both of 

which are incredibly fast and have a large 

switching capacity respectively. These filters 

perform their primary function during run 

time by sensing the variations in load currents 

at each point in time and injecting signals to 

cancel out the effects of harmonics if they are 

present [12].  

In the design of active filters, current or 

voltage pulse width modulation inverters 

make up the active filter. These are preferred 

over the conventional passive filter due to the 

fact that these have the capacity to overcome 

the disadvantages associated with the passive 

filter. This is the primary reason for their 

widespread use. However, it is important to 

note that passive filters have limitations. They 

are designed for fixed reactive power 

compensation at specific tuning frequencies, 

making them unsuitable for variable load 

applications. The variation in load impedance 

can affect the tuning of the filters, potentially 

reducing their effectiveness. Despite this 

drawback, the simulation results demonstrate 

that the passive filters perform satisfactorily in 

meeting the reactive power demand [13]. 

High-parameter active filters provide stability 

to the power system. By having sufficient 

capacity to compensate for the harmonic 

currents, they prevent voltage distortions, 

improve power factor, and maintain system 

stability. This is particularly crucial in 

sensitive applications where stable and high-

quality power is essential. Designing active 

filters with high parameters allows for future 

expansion and modifications to the power 

system. It provides the flexibility to handle 

increased loads or changes in the harmonic 

profile without the need for immediate 

upgrades or replacements. This helps in 

future-proofing the power system against 

potential changes or growth [14]. 

It is important to note that the selection of 

active filter parameters should be based on a 

thorough analysis of the power system, 

including harmonic content, load 

characteristics, and system requirements. 

Professional engineering expertise and proper 

sizing calculations are necessary to ensure that 

the active filter parameters are appropriately 

determined for optimal performance and cost-

effectiveness [15]. 

Active compensations currently have the 

ability to overcome the drawbacks that are 

associated with passive filters. Additionally, 

the power factor of the power systems 

improves thanks to the active power filter's 

contribution. Both in its steady state and in its 

transient state, it demonstrates excellent 

compensation properties. In comparison to 

passive filters, the initial investment and 

ongoing expenses associated with these filters 

are significant. Nevertheless, when used by 

themselves, active filters run into the 

following issues: 

It is difficult to construct a large rated current 

source with a rapid current response.  The 

control system is complex, and its 

performance against high frequency 

harmonics is ineffective. The initial cost and 

the ongoing cost are both high. 

 This shortcoming was remedied by the 

development of a novel strategy known as a 

"hybrid filter," which is a combination of a 

passive filter and an active filter. 

5.3. Hybrid Filters  

The hybrid filter is a combination of active 

and passive filters in a single device. This 

configuration is effective because it takes 



 

Arslan Arshad (et al.), Power Quality Improvement and Harmonics Compensation Using Hybrid Filter     (pp. 11 - 22) 

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advantage of everything that both filters have 

to offer. New and improved characteristics of 

passive filters can protect against the damage 

caused by shunt and series resonances. 

Therefore, hybrid filter topologies can use the 

benefits of both passive and active power 

filters, which include the ease of use and lower 

cost effectiveness of passive filters, as well as 

the higher performance of active filters. They 

are solutions that can control current 

variations and distortions while also 

compensating for harmonics at a low cost as 

simulation is performed to validate it in Fig. 3. 

Additionally, they can control current 

variations. These filters eliminate the issues 

that were caused by the use of both filters. 

Therefore, the primary goal of hybrid APF is 

to improve the filtering performance of high-

order harmonics while also providing a cost-

effective mitigation of low-order harmonics. 

Because of this, both work together to produce 

a much more pure sinusoidal waveform in the 

line currents that they generate. It is important 

to point out that the topology of the passive 

and active filters in hybrid filters can take 

either the form of a series or a parallel 

configuration, as appropriate. 

6.  Simulation 

The Simulink model of a hybrid filter for the 

electrical power quality is composed of a 

power factor correction (PFC) filter, an active 

filter, an energy storage device such as an 

electrolytic capacitor, an inductor and a switch 

mode power supply (SMPS). The PFC filter 

eliminates current harmonics while the active 

filter eliminates voltage harmonics. The 

switch mode power supply provides a pulsed 

dc voltage and current. The inductor acts as a 

buffer and the capacitor helps in stabilizing 

the output voltage. The control system for the 

SMPS is responsible for controlling the 

switching of the MOSFET switches and hence 

controlling the output voltage. 

The analysis revealed that substantial 

harmonic currents still reached the mains 

supply even after the introduction of an LC-

Figure 3: Hybrid filter block diagram in Simulink 



 

Arslan Arshad (et al.), Power Quality Improvement and Harmonics Compensation Using Hybrid Filter     (pp. 11 - 22) 

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passive filter. Fig. 4 depicts the sinusoidal 

wave of source current, whose frequency 

spectrum analysis displays minimal harmonic 

components. This suggests that hybrid power  

filters are effective in the elimination of 

harmonics from non-linear loads as shown in 

Fig. 5. 

7. Hardware Setup 

The experimental setup used for the 
mitigation of current source harmonics is 
shown in Figure 6. This hardware setup of the 
hybrid active filter for harmonics mitigation 
involves the combination of a passive filter and 
an active filter with system parameters shown 

in Table. 1. The passive filter is used to reduce 
the harmonic current levels, while the active 
filter is used to reduce the harmonic voltage 
levels. The active filter is composed of a 
single-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) and 
a DC capacitor. The VSI is used to inject a 
compensating current into the system to reduce 
the harmonic voltage levels. The DC capacitor 
is used to store the energy generated by the VSI 
and to provide a stable DC voltage source for 
the VSI. The hybrid active filter is connected 
to the point of common coupling (PCC) of the 
system, and it is controlled by a 
microcontroller. The microcontroller is used 
for monitoring the system, calculating the 
compensating current and controlling the VSI. 

 

Figure 4: FFT analysis before filtration 

 

Figure 5: FFT analysis after filtration



 

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TABLE I 

SYSTEM PARAMETERS 

Parameters Values 

Source Voltage 400 V 

Frequency (f) 50 Hz 

Load 

Resistance RL 

0.1k Ω 

Load 

Capacitance CL 

100mF 

 

Tuned Passive 

Filter 

Cf5=50µF, Lf5=8.1mH 

Cf7=20µF, Lf7=8.27mH 

Cf11=20µF, Lf11=8.27mH 

Filter Coupling 

Inductance 

2.5 mH 

Active Filter 

Parameter 

Cd=1500µF, Laf=10mH 

DC Capacitor Cdc=3.5µF 

Sampling Time 0.2 µs 

Figure 3:  Hardware implementation 

8. Results & Discussion 

The examination of the results exhibited that 

the present waveforms were a long way from 

the sinusoidal waveform, because of the 

harmonic currents that were added to the 

power supply system by the non-linear 

burden. At the point when the filtration circuit 

was employed, the resulting waveforms was  

 
Figure 4: THD value without filter 

improved, and distortion effect was decreased 

by utilization of the recommended filter 

scheme as seen in Fig 5. 

Figure 5: THD value after filtration 

8.1. Digital Storage Oscilloscope Results 

The hardware setup is tested in the power 

electronics lab of University of Engineering 

and Technology UET. Figure 9 shows the 

output waveform without filter circuitry, 

Harmonic distortion can be visualized in the 

display of digital oscilloscope.  

 

 
Figure 6: Waveform without using filter 

 
Figure 7:  Waveform after filtration 



 

Arslan Arshad (et al.), Power Quality Improvement and Harmonics Compensation Using Hybrid Filter     (pp. 11 - 22) 

Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies - SJET | Vol. 6 No. 1 January – June 2023 

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The key component of our discussion is the 

power ratings of the MOSFET which must be 

utilized for the active power filter; it must be 

incredibly high and this necessity has caused 

us to design the hybrid active power filter. The 

results acquired from using the hybrid active 

power filter are shown here for you to look at. 

Once more, it is evidently clear that the 

amount of harmonic current in this situation is 

not of significance. Nevertheless, MOSFETs 

are typically low-noise and low-distortion, so 

they can be used effectively to generate very 

low harmonics. However, the overall 

performance of the filter will depend on the 

design of the circuit, so it is important to 

consider the filter's design parameters when 

considering harmonics that may be generated.  

 

The THD value recorded from the hardware 

set-up was 46.8% prior to filtration. When the 

filtration circuit was active, this decreased to 

35.8%. This was due to the fact that the 

components used were less efficient and in-

expensive and so the software and hardware 

results did not match. This shows that this 

hardware set-up is a basic version and not the 

most efficient. If more standardized devices or 

components were used, the same results could 

be achieved. 

 

PF =  
1

√1 + (
THDi %

100
)

2

 

                           (7) 

 

If the value of current harmonics decreases 

then the value of power factor is improved 

towards unity. The power factor can be 

calculated from above equation. 

9. Conclusion 

The findings of the simulation indicate that 
the application of the filter will reduce the 
power loss, and as a result, will contribute to 
the reduction of both energy consumption and 
the cost of the electricity. The quantity of 
power generated is now the single most 
important factor in the energy industry, despite 
the fact that the demand for electricity is 
expanding at an alarmingly rapid rate. Voltage 

stabilization and an improvement in power 
quality are both necessities for the devices of 
today. Harmonics compensation and power 
factor improvement are therefore required 
solutions for the aforementioned issues. The 
installation of the precisely rated filter 
protection device at the load centers is the 
primary responsibility of the companies that 
supply electricity. In addition to this, they are 
required to conduct routine inspections and 
maintenance. 

According to the findings of this study, it is 
possible to enhance the quality of electricity by 
utilizing both active and passive filters in 
conjunction with one another. As a 
consequence of this, it is believed that the 
hybrid filter, which consists of a passive filter 
connected in shunt and an active filter 
connected in series, is a worthwhile financial 
outcome to enhance the quality of the power 
and reduce the losses in the power structure. 
The findings of the simulation suggested that 
utilizing the filter would result in an increase 
in the power factor as well as a reduction in the 
power losses caused by harmonic distortion. 
Although, Harmonic compensation often 
involves complex algorithms and calculations. 
When using a hybrid filter to compensate for 
harmonics, the complexity can increase further 
as multiple filtering techniques are combined. 
This increased complexity may require more 
computational resources and processing 
power, making real-time implementation more 
challenging. Moreover, hybrid filters used for 
harmonic compensation typically involve 
several parameters that need to be tuned and 
optimized. Finding the optimal values for these 
parameters can be time-consuming and may 
require expertise in the underlying filtering 
techniques. Improper parameter tuning can 
lead to suboptimal performance or even 
instability in the compensation process. Hence, 
there is always a room exist to further improve 
and enhance the efficiency of the filter. It's 
important to note that the drawbacks and 
shortcomings mentioned above are not 
inherent to all hybrid filters for harmonic 
compensation. They may vary depending on 
the specific combination of filtering 
techniques, the characteristics of the 
harmonics, and the implementation details. 



 

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Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies - SJET | Vol. 6 No. 1 January – June 2023 

21 

REFERENCES 

 

[1]. Oka, V. N. Meshcheryakov, A. M. Evseev 
and A. I. Boikov, "Active energy filter for 

compensation of harmonic distortion in 

motor soft starter," 2018 17th 

International Ural Conference on AC 

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