Format Template Vol. 1, No. 1 | January - June 2018 SJET | ISSN: 2616-7069 | Vol. 1 | No. 1 | © 2018 Sukkur IBA 1 Automatic Positioned Controller Parabolic solar Dish Prototype Asif A.Rahimoon1, Izhar A.Sohu1, M.Ishaque Junejo1, Ali Abbas ,S.Nawaz Shah1 ,Arslan Ahmed Sohu2 Abstract: This paper discusses the development of dual axis parabolic dish tracker application for automatized position power system. This prototype tackles solar light in solar sterling design system or concentrated photovoltaic design by implementation of digitalize control circuit to enhance Concentrating solar power and Concentrating photovoltaic applications. A normally 121.92cm dish is designed with H-bridge controller technique & Slew drive actuator mode to capture solar irradiances. The surface of dish is polished with 12 aluminum bars to concentrate the solar irradiance in one reflective axis. Economic justification for Pakistan’s industries would be possible if these automated based renewable prototypes are promoted in market in compare of single PV panel. This prototype controls the all weather conditions, utilizing real time flexible timing control strategy and photoelectric tracking scheme to provide cost effective product for industrial power generation applications. This locally adaptive material based prototype encouraged the result about 33% efficient with compared to photovoltaic panel. Keywords: Pakistan Energy future; Solar concentrator; Thermal energy utilization. 1. Introduction The world-wide rate of countries are utilizing decentralized power system to maintain the energy demand with small power energy system. These mini energy systems can be fabricated with renewable sources such as solar cooker, solar geyser, solar hydrogen productive devices and parabolic solar dish collectors [1, 2]. Utilization of parabolic reflector is proven to be effective through observation of different researchers that worked on heat collector by designing parabolic solar dish [3, 4]. The solar heat collectors are more reliable in operation when the suitable tracking scheme is installed with it. The different heat collectors are used from 1 Faculty of Engineering, Science & Technology (FEST), Indus University Karachi, Pakistan 2Department of Electrical Engineering,Sukkur IBA University,Sukkur,Pakisan Corresponding Email: asif.ahmed@indus.edu.pk ancient times in bucolic sites as in 212 BC, Archimedes used sun light to burn roman fleet and in 10th century Ibn Sahl worked on parabolic mirror. The same trend is followed by new researchers on parabolic solar dish to capture heat and dispatch an economical and optimized prototype in market with different applications [5, 6, 7]. In proposed prototype the solar dish is fabricated with aluminum glass that is integrated with controller scheme of tracking with concerned measurement of Azimuth angle to gain efficient sun-light. As by researcher there are different scenarios of designing this prototype on small level application to commercial based with alteration of its tracking control techniques such as PLC, SCADA & Microcontroller to mailto:asif.ahmed@indus.edu.pk Asif A. Rahimoon (et al.), Automatic Positioned Controller Parabolic solar Dish Prototype (pp. 1 - 6) Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies - SJET | Volume 1 No. 1 January – June 2018 © Sukkur IBA University 2 make parabolic heat collector efficient [8, 9, 10].The integrated technology of this proposed system that is comprised of Arduino based dual axis tracker, 12v operating power window motors and sensor fault control strategy to maintain elevation and tilt angles smoothly enhance the future work of power industries. 2. Proposed Dish Prototype For Pakistan, in rural or desert areas where sunlight appears invariably under seasonal mode, the desired system is proposed to capture the solar irradiance in regular and seasonal mode. With high reflective glass material the heat collection is merged under a single focal point of parabolic dish [11, 12]. The maintenance of solar dish elevation angle and tilt angle is done through LDR actuators and power window motors. The whole tracking of proposed parabolic solar dish is based on Arduino based chip board that regulate the whole system in optimal and efficient mode. The power running actuators get their startup power service from an external battery to improve the remedies of sensor mechanism. The designed automated dual axis tracking prototype is capable to attained high temperature applications like as hot water & steam generation. As in previous research of dual axis the system rotates with their both operative modes which make the tracker slower in perception of heat measurement and sensor functioning so, to improve this state of sensor the optional mode is included in designed parabolic dish prototype that is tested at Indus University Karachi with Latitude 23.9207°N and Longitude 67.0882°E which gives you option to run your dish on single axis or both axis as suitable with your application area. Fig. 1. Designed Prototype. 3. Hardware Development The system is integrated with different parts to achieve the efficient output that is also calculated with some algorithms. The adoptive algorithm are included as parabola calculator2.0 for designing parameters of solar dish, solar angle meter for angle calculation of X-axis & Y-axis geometry, Arduino assembly for programming of controller chip, generalized equation are adopted with used of solar geometry tools that are as sun calculator & sun Earth tool for solar positioning and shadow effect rate.The arrangement of these integrated tools are shown in figure 3. Fig. 2. Block Diagram. 3.1. Parabolic solar Dish design Asif A. Rahimoon (et al.), Automatic Positioned Controller Parabolic solar Dish Prototype (pp. 1 - 6) Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies - SJET | Volume 1 No. 1 January – June 2018 © Sukkur IBA University 3 TABLE I. Detailed sheet of dish. TABLE II. Automatic Tracking parameters. 3.2. Sensor Configuration There are a lot of sensors used to run the trackers with opto-electronics technology. Here in this designed prototype we have installed LDR wall that will function with 12v output power. The designed wall is configured with H-Bridge drive module and power motor rotation. As by research mostly implemented motor are servo motor and DC gear motors, but due to misalignment and speed management challenges this prototype is designed with 12v DC gear with slew controller technique and 12v wiper motor. Slew controller technique is installed to tilt the dish with optimum speed rate according with input rated pulse of PWM generator. Each motor gets its input from H-Bridge dual axis module which had internal 5v AVR and 2 Pulse generators. 3.3. Arduino Controller Arduino is an open source digital it that assemble the software and hardware designed projects with less complexity. The Omega controller Arduino is computationally installed with this prototype which is easy to program with in running project as compared of other technologies. As this prototype needs simple management to provide an optimum output result so the easy configurable controller is used to track and run the parabolic solar tracker. 3.4. Equations a) Hour angle 𝑯. 𝑨 = 𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒏𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝟒° 𝒎𝒊𝒏 b) change in hour angle:= 𝒔𝒊𝒏∞−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜹.𝒔𝒊𝒏∅ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜹.𝒄𝒐𝒔∅ c) Declination angle D.A= 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏∗ [𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝑬𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝑻𝒊𝒍𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆) ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒉 𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏)] d) Altitude Angle = 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ∝= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜹 ∗ 𝒔𝒊𝒏∅ + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜹 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒘 ∗ 𝒄𝒐𝒔∅ e) 𝑨𝒛𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆. 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒘. 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜹 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 f) Shadow Length= |OP|=h/tanα 4. Parabolic Dish Working As concerned with dual axis solar heat collector from previous research work, different challenges were occur that are in sense of Cosine effect, Dish alignment, sensor actuation and MPPT technique(choice of controller). So, an automatic motorized control prototype is presented with 121.92cm diameter dish to enhance the solar irradiance application. The working is performed at Karachi, Sindh Pakistan with coordinate location of Latitude 23.9207°N and Longitude 67.0882°E .The whole implementation of solar designed dish with its all configured Asif A. Rahimoon (et al.), Automatic Positioned Controller Parabolic solar Dish Prototype (pp. 1 - 6) Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies - SJET | Volume 1 No. 1 January – June 2018 © Sukkur IBA University 4 controller is accomplished on 4*4ft rectangular frame. The system perform its working when it get the input pulse from preset topology of controller to derive the motor in suitable direction either to tilt the dish or curve the dish with the help of DC-gear and power wiper motors. The output is performed with placement of 20w Solar panel on parabolic dish. TABLE III. Result Analysis. Change in hour angle Angles measured Time hour Static solar PV Prototype Result Shadow length(ft) Altitude Azimuth Voc Isc power Voc Isc power 𝟏𝟐. 𝟒𝟗𝟎 23.550 130.190 9am 19.7 0.15 2.95 20.3 0.29 5.88 7.51 𝟐𝟓. 𝟎𝟗𝟎 32.90 141.910 10am 20.5 0.36 7.63 20.3 0.33 5.69 5.05 𝟑𝟒. 𝟐𝟗𝟎 39.80 157.020 11am 20.1 0.16 3.22 19.2 0.36 6.91 3.93 𝟑𝟖. 𝟔𝟕𝟎 43.150 175.180 12pm 20.1 0.34 8.33 19 0.69 13.11 3.51 𝟑𝟕. 𝟏𝟓𝟎 42.040 194.120 1pm 20.4 0.42 8.57 19 0.94 17.86 3.64 𝟑𝟎. 𝟏𝟗𝟎 36.800 210.90 2pm 20.2 0.43 8.68 20 0.67 13.4 4.39 𝟏𝟗. 𝟏𝟎 28.50 224.20 3pm 20 0.36 7.2 20.5 0.51 10.45 6.03 D at e Tim e Hou r angl e Chang e in H.A Yearly average Solar irradianc e rate Angles Shadow length(ft ) Prototype LDR output volts Altitud e angle Azimuth angle y-axis x-axis LDR 1 LDR 2 LDR 3 LDR 4 28 .ja n Sunri se 0.460 1941 9.am −450 12.490 23.730 130.100 7.51 0.72 3 0.56 7 3.63 1 3.78 3 10a m −300 25.090 33.150 141.800 5.05 0.73 3 0.81 6 3.9 3.78 11a m −150 34.290 40.070 157.020 3.93 3.21 1 2.29 7 3.91 0 3.69 6 12p m 00 38.670 43.340 175.270 3.51 4.88 8 4.94 1 4.95 4.99 1pm 150 37.150 42.190 194.280 3.64 3.83 0 3.91 0 4.98 5 4.99 0 2pm 300 30.190 36.920 211.110 4.39 3.45 4.05 4.97 6 4.98 5 3pm 450 19.10 28.580 224.40 6.03 3.93 3.84 6 4.94 1 4.89 2 Asif A. Rahimoon (et al.), Automatic Positioned Controller Parabolic solar Dish Prototype (pp. 1 - 6) Sukkur IBA Journal of Emerging Technologies - SJET | Volume 1 No. 1 January – June 2018 © Sukkur IBA University 5 Fig. 3. Sun Position Graph. Fig. 4. Prototype Parts. 5. Conclusion The tariff of electric price is become inverse proportion to oil and fossil fuel tariff that creates that hazard effect of load shading. So to provide a sustainable tool with development of power optimized techniques, we have to promote renewable energy applications with help of technical expertise. In this research an innovative low cost parabolic dish is analyzed optically to compensate the MPPT tracking issues. The thermally analyzed result is obtained with hour angle formulae tools and flux meter that is about 210𝑤/𝑚2 on parabolic dish at 21.8℃ temperature. This research concluded that the design and function of the prototype is proven to be efficient. Parabolic dish with single axis sun tracking mechanism upturns the magnitude of current, voltage and power of mounted solar panel is about 23.6% in compare of the static solar penal and Parabolic dish with dual axis sun tracking mechanism upturns the magnitude is about 33% in compare of the static solar penal. REFERENCES [1] A. Ahmed, P. Hameed, Z. A. Memon, A. K. Akhani, and P. Lohana, “Implementation of Design for efficiency enhancement of solar photovoltaic panel through parabolic solar dish tracker,” 1st International Conference on Contemporary Sociology, Social Sciences and Sustainable Development, March-22- 24, 2018. [2] A. Shaikh, M. H. Kabir, I. A. Sohu , A. Ahmed, A. Ahmed Sohu “Implementation of Design for Solar Tracking system Using FPGA” International Conference On Emerging Trends In Telecommunication & Electronic Engineering, (ICET), Feb-27- 28, 2018. [3] I. Gopang, P. Hameed, and Z. A. 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