The Arbutus Review – 2022 – Vol. 13, No. 1 1 Produced by the Division of Learning and Teaching Support and Innovation at the University of Victoria, The Arbutus Review was created to showcase the articles, projects, and installations that result from the Jamie Cassels Undergraduate Research Award (JCURA) program. JCURA was instituted in 2009 as the Undergraduate Research Scholarship program by Jamie Cassels, then Vice-President Academic and Provost and President from 2013–2020. The award program was designed to support and create truly formative research experiences for exceptional undergraduate students. The Division of Learning and Teaching Support and Innovation administers the award nomination process on behalf of the Provost’s Office. In addition to submissions that were the result of JCURA research, The Arbutus Review also publishes other exceptional work from students in departments across campus. We acknowledge and respect the lək̓ʷəŋən peoples on whose traditional territory the university stands, and the Songhees, Esquimalt, and W̱SÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day. Letter from the Editor It is my pleasure to introduce this issue of The Arbutus Review, marking 12 years of publication. Including the nine articles in this issue, we have published 113 scholarly articles and creative works by undergraduate authors since our inception in 2010. At the time of writing, authors had cited out students’ articles 321 times, with 256 of those citations occurring in the last five years. Despite the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our lives and educational institutions, The Arbutus Review received an extraordinary number of student submissions this year. The nine exceptional submissions shortlisted to be published in this issue showcase both interesting and timely research from undergraduate students at the University of Victoria. All of the articles start as third- or fourth-year course writings, honours papers, or Jamie Cassels Undergraduate Research Award (JCURA) projects and are transformed into publishable articles with the mentorship of supportive instructors, our graduate peer reviewers, and editors at The Arbutus Review. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Shailoo Bedi and Nancy Ami for the opportunity to join The Arbutus Review editorial board. Moreover, I would to offer my thanks to Madeline Walker for her expert mentorship, encouragement, and guidance. Additional words of thanks are dedicated to Kaveh Tagharobi and Gillian Saunders for their kind assistance and encouragement. I feel very blessed to work with Nancy, Madeline, Kaveh, and Gillian. Finally, this issue would not have been possible without the care and expertise of Inba Kehoe and Zahra Premji, the keen editorial skills of our graduate peer reviewers, and the unwavering dedication of our student submitters. The Arbutus Review – 2022 – Vol. 13, No. 1 2 Acknowledgments Each of the articles published in this journal is sponsored by an academic mentor (usually a faculty member) at the University of Victoria. For the articles in this issue, we could like to thank the following instructors for their support of an undergraduate research paper. Andrew Buck Faculty of Law and Department of History, University of Victoria Author: Rachel De Graaf Valerie D’Erman Department of Political Science and European Studies Program, University of Victoria Author: Kiegan Barron Gary Kuchar Department of English, University of Victoria Author: Jocelyn Diemer Christine O’Bonsawin Department of History and Indigenous Studies Program, University of Victoria Author: Andrew Ambers Robert Trska and Olav Krigolson School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria Alex Henri-Bhargava, Island Health Author: Hannah Smith Anelyse Weiler Department of Sociology, University of Victoria Author: Arista Marthyman Andrew Wender Department of Political Science, Department of History, and Religion, Culture, and Society Program, University of Victoria Author: Samantha Olson Janine Wulz Department of Germanic and Slavic Studies, University of Victoria Author: Sarah Wald Tomiko Yoneda, Scott M. Hofer, and Jonathan Rush Department of Psychology, University of Victoria Author: Tristen Lozinski The Arbutus Review – 2022 – Vol. 13, No. 1 3 As well, all submissions were reviewed blind by at least two readers. These readers are graduate students, researchers, instructors, and emeriti from the University of Victoria. We thank them for their very valuable contributions to The Arbutus Review. Brodie Drake McKaila Ferguson Alisha Gajjar-Fleming Elnur Karimov Lucie Kotěšovská Arvind Kumar Mary MacLeod Sohrab Mosahebi Jonathan Nash Hannah Palmejar Ghislaine Sinclair Kaveh Tagharobi Esteban Vallejo Toledo / 'stɛbən və'dʒɛhɔ tɔ'lɛdɔ Anika Zuhlke The Arbutus Review would also like to thank others whose ideas, work, and guidance have contributed to the journal. Nancy Ami, Manager of the Centre for Academic Communication for the Division of Learning and Teaching Support and Innovation at the University of Victoria Shailoo Bedi, Director of the Division of Learning and Teaching Support and Innovation at the University of Victoria Inba Kehoe, Copyright Officer and Scholarly Communication Librarian, who provides guidance to the journal and oversees the Online Journal Systems software that allows us to publish online Viviana Pitton, Director of Curriculum Renewal and Strategic Initiatives for the Division of Learning and Teaching Support and Innovation at the University of Victoria Zahra Premji, Health Research Librarian in the Mearns Centre for Learning, McPherson Library, at the University of Victoria, who provided guidance on proper APA citational practices Madeline Walker, former Arbutus Review Editor and typesetter and EAL Specialist for the Centre for Academic Communication at the University of Victoria The opinions expressed in The Arbutus Review are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Editors of the journal or the University of Victoria. The Arbutus Review is a peer-reviewed journal. While every effort is made by the Editorial Board to ensure that The Arbutus Review contains no inaccurate or misleading citations, opinions, or statements, the information and opinions contained within are the sole responsibility of the authors. Accordingly, the Publisher, the Editorial Board, the Advisory Board, and their respective employees and volunteers accept no responsibility or liability for the consequences of any inaccurate or misleading information, opinion, or statement. For more information, please contact the Managing Editor by emailing cacpc@uvic.ca cacpc@uvic.ca