62 LPPM - Universitas Narotama ISSN : 2594 - 4777 (Online) 2597 - 4742 (Print) https://jurnal.narotama.ac.id/index.php/scj/index The Spirit of Society Journal International Journal of Society Development and Engagement The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70 Ari Sujiartono1, Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko2* Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Narotama Surabaya Correspondent author: sri.wiwoho@narotama.ac.id2 Abstract: In the framework of handling the bending pavement road, natural materials in the form of asphalt as a binding material in a hot paved blend are needed. One of the abundant natural asphaltic that has not been used to its fullest is Asbuton. The government through the Ministry of Public Works which is currently transformed into the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing has issued Public Works Regulation No. 35 of 2006 on Increasing the Utilization of Buton Asphalt for Road Maintenance and Development. Because various things that cause permission to use 100% Asbuton in hot paved blends can not be issued, the use of Asbuton is still limited to improving the quality of asphalt Pen 60/70. This research aims to obtain an optimal composition in the use of Asbuton using the type of Asbuton Grain B 50/30. It is hoped that the results of the research can be an additional reference for Asbuton producers as well as a new insight for civil engineering students who explore the path of bending pavement. The results showed that Asbuton Granular B 50/30 can be used in improving the quality of Asphalt Pen 60/70 with an optimal composition of 25% Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and 75% Asphalt Pen 60/70. Keywords: asbuton granular B 50/30, asphalt pen 60/70, Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018 INTRODUCTION Roads are one of a variety of infrastructure built and maintained from year to year to support the economic rate of all regions in Indonesia. Along with the increasing number of activities on the highway, maintenance and repairs must continue to be implemented. Roads with flexible pavement in Indonesia mostly already use natural asphalt in the form of Asbuton. The use of Asbuton continues to be encouraged by the government because the Indonesian state is the largest producer of asphalt buton in the world located on Buton Island. Exploration and exploitation of Asbuton have been carried out since 1926 (Kramer, 1989 in Pravianto, 2013). Pravianto (2013) mentioned that many manufacturers of Asbuton processors became Asbuton Semi Extraction. But each of these processing manufacturers has Asbuton processed products with different qualities (Suaryana, 2016). But to date, permission to use 100% Asbuton in hot paved blends has not been issued. To take advantage of this potential, research was conducted to modify Asbuton granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70 to improve the quality of asphalt pen 60/70, Asphalt Pen 60/70, and mixed variations between Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70 and find out the percentage of use of Asbuton Granular B 50/30 that can improve the physical properties of Asphalt Pen 60/70 by Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. Literature Review 1. Flexible Pavement Construction  Using asphalt for binding material  The nature of this pavement is to shoulder and spread a load of traffic to the ground.  Its effect on load reps is the onset of rutting.  Its effect on the decline of the ground, the bumpy road (following the ground). https://jurnal.narotama.ac.id/index.php/scj/index mailto:sri.wiwoho@narotama.ac.id Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 63 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 The construction of the flexible pavement can be seen in figure 1. Figure 1. Component of the flexible pavement (Source: kardinanawassa.blogspot.com/2013/04/sekilas-mengenai-perkerasan-jalan.html, 08/10/2021) 2. Material of the Flexible Pavement 1) Aggregates, according to Sukirman (1992) are pieces of broken stone, gravel, sand, or other minerals, both of natural and artificial origin in the form of solid minerals in the form of large or small sizes or fragments. 2) Asphalt, is a hydrocarbon material that contains little sulfur, oxygen, chlorine, and adhesive, is brownish-black, resistant to water, and viscoelastic (asphalt will be solid at room temperature and liquid when heated). 3) Fillers, serve to increase the viscosity of bitumen material and to reduce the susceptible properties to temperature. Another advantage of the presence of fillers is that it can increase the volume of bitumen because the filler material is widely absorbed in bitumen material. 3. Current Types of Asphalt a) Natural Asphalt, one of which is Asbuton and which has been produced in fabrication and manual currently includes (Setiawan, 2011): 1. Asbuton Granular, is the result of the processing of solid-shaped Asbuton that is broken down with a stone breaking tool (crusher) or other suitable breaking tools so that it has a certain grain size. 2. Extraction Asbuton can be done in total to get pure Asbuton bitumen or to take advantage of the advantages of the mineral Asbuton as a filler, extraction is done until it reaches certain bitumen levels. Asbuton extraction products in paved mixtures can be used as asphalt additives or as binding materials as well as standard ready-made asphalt or hard asphalt equivalents. b) Asphalt Oil (asphalt derived from petroleum), divided into 3 (three) types (Fang, et al, 2020): 1. Asphalt Cement / AC, usually distinguished based on its penetration value, and Indonesia in general uses AC with penetration of 60/70. 2. Cut Back Asphalt, asphalt produced by dissolving hard asphalt uses oil-based solvents, and is used in liquid and cold conditions. 3. Emulsion Asphalt, asphalt produced from the process of the emulsion of hard asphalt. This process aims to separate hard asphalt particles and then disperse them into water-containing emulsifiers. c) Modified asphalt, is a hard asphalt fraction that is improved in quality by adding added materials such as polymers, latex, bitumen Asbuton and others (Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018). In this research, the road pavement materials tested and discussed the results were natural asphalt Asbuton Granular B 50/30, oil asphalt Pen 60/70, and Asphalt Modification between Asbuton Granular Surface Course Base Course Subbase Course Subgrade https://kardinanawassa.blogspot.com/2013/04/sekilas-mengenai-perkerasan-jalan.html Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 64 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70 with provisions as in Table 1 and Table 2. Table 1. Specifications of Asbuton Granular B 50/30 No Test item Technical specifications A Asphalt Asbuton Granular B 50/30 1 Nature of Original Form The grain size of Asbuton granular Escaped sieve 3/8” (9,5 mm); % 100 Asbuton bitumen levels; % Min. 20 Water content; % Maks. 4 2 Properties of Bitumen Extraction Results and Recovery Solubility of Trichloroethylene; % Min. 99 Penetration of bitumen Asbuton at 25oC, 100g, 5 sec; dmm 40 – 70 Softening Point; oC Min. 48 Ductility at 25oC; cm Min. 100 Heating loss after TFOT; % Maks. 2 Penetration after TFOT, at 25oC, 100g, 5 sec; (%) Min. 54 Source: Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga, 2018 Table 2. Specifications of Asphalt Pen 60/70 No Test item Technical specifications 1 Penetration at 25oC (dmm) 60-70 2 Kinematic Viscosity at 135oC (cSt) ≥ 300 3 Softening Point (oC) ≥ 48 4 Ductility (cm) ≥ 100 5 Flash Point (oC) ≥ 232 6 Solubility of Trichloroethylene (%) ≥ 99 7 Density (gr/ml) ≥ 1,0 Thin-Film Oven Testing (TFOT) 8 Heating loss (%) ≤ 0,8 9 Penetration at 25oC (%) ≥ 54 10 Ductility at 25oC (cm) ≥ 50 Source: Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga, 2018 METHODOLOGY The materials used to conduct this research include: a. Asbuton Granular B 50/30. b. Asphalt Pen 60/70. This research uses two stages of testing, that’s are: 1) Stages of material characteristic testing (Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and Asphalt Pen 60/70) with the following steps: a. Prepare the material. b. Testing the level of bitumen in Asbuton Granular B 50/30. c. Testing the physical properties of asphalt levels Asbuton Granular B 50/30. d. Testing the physical properties of the asphalt Pen 60/70. Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 65 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 2) Stage of asphalt blend variations testing with the following steps: a. Calculations of the composition material of asphalt mixed according to the test plan with code K1 - K5 for each test object. b. Manufacture of test objects with code K1 - K5. c. Testing the physical properties of asphalt Modification K1 – K5. d. Results and conclusions. Some of the testing processes that have been done in the laboratory, among others: 1) Asphalt Penetration Testing, is done to get penetration numbers and is done on hard or flaccid asphalt where the results of this test can then be used to control the quality of hard asphalt used in the field. Formula: 𝑋𝑋� = 𝑋𝑋1��� + 𝑋𝑋2��� …………………….…………………………………………………………………….... (1) Where: 𝑋𝑋� = average penetration value 𝑋𝑋1��� = average penetration value of 5 penetration points of test object 1 𝑋𝑋2��� = average penetration value of 5 penetration points of test object 2 Figure 2. Penetration Data Capture (Source: Author 2022) 2) Asphalt Viscosity testing, is done to find out the viscosity of asphalt at certain temperatures so that it can know the performance of asphalt under the desired conditions. Formula: 𝑋𝑋� = 𝑋𝑋1+𝑋𝑋2 2 …….………………….……………………………………………………………..…….…. (2) Where: 𝑋𝑋� = average viscosity value 𝑋𝑋1 = viscosity value of test object 1 𝑋𝑋2 = viscosity value of test object 2 Figure 3. Viscosity Data Capture (Source: Autor 2022) Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 66 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 3) Asphalt Softening Point testing, conducted to find the number of soft spots of asphalt that range from 30oC to 200oC by way of ring and ball. Formula: 𝑋𝑋� = 𝑋𝑋1+𝑋𝑋2 2 …….………………….………………………………………………………………...……. (3) Where: 𝑋𝑋� = average value or temperature of softening point 𝑋𝑋1 = softening point value or temperature of test object 1 𝑋𝑋2 = softening point value or temperature of test object 2 Figure 4. Softening Point Data Capture (Source: Autor 2022) 4) Asphalt ductility testing was performed to determine the fineness value of asphalt, measured from the longest distance, between two molds containing hard bitumen, pulled before breaking at 25oC and a speed of 50 mm/minute. Formula: % Elasticity = 10 − χ 10 ×100 ……………………………….………………………………………..…… (4) Where: χ = Length after elasticity Figure 5. Ductility Data Capture (Source: Autor 2022) 5) Asphalt Flash Point testing was conducted to see the highest temperature where the asphalt lights up and starts to burn, this highest temperature is an indicator of asphalt safety on the ground in receiving heat from environmental conditions. Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 67 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 Formula: 𝑋𝑋� = 𝑋𝑋1+𝑋𝑋2 2 …….………………….………………………………………………………………..….…. (5) Where: 𝑋𝑋� = average value or temperature of the flashpoint 𝑋𝑋1 = value or temperature of the test object's flashpoint 1 𝑋𝑋2 = value or temperature of the test object's flashpoint 2 Figure 6. Flashpoint Data Capture (Source: Autor 2022) 6) Asphalt solubility testing in Trichloroethylene, is done to determine the degree of solubility in trichloroethylene (TCE) in asphalt materials that contain no or little minerals. Formula: Insoluble materequal × 100% ………………………………………………………...………..…… (6) Soluble materials = 100% − �C−A B × 100%� …………………………………………………..…… (7) Where: A = empty Gooch cup B = weight of test objects C = the weight of a Gooch cup with insoluble material Figure 7. Solubility Data Capture in Trichloroethylene (Source: Autor 2022) 7) Asphalt Density Testing, is done to determine the weight of the type of solid asphalt which can then be used in mixed planning work as well as road pavement quality control. Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 68 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 Formula: δ = (C−A) (B−A)−(D−C) …………………………………………………………………………………….…... (8) Where: δ = Density of Asphalt A = weight of the picnometer (with cover) (gram) B = weight of a water-filled picnometer (gram) C = weight of picnometer containing asphalt (gram) D = weight of the picnometer contains asphalt and water (gram) Figure 8. Density Data Capture (Source: Autor 2022) 8) Weight Loss Testing (Thin-Film Oven Testing/TFOT), is done on the asphalt by looking for the amount of weight loss of oil and asphalt that is using a thin layer. Weight loss of oil and asphalt is the difference in weight before and after heating at a certain thickness at a certain temperature. Formula: Weight loss = A − B A ×100% ………………………………………..…………………….…..……….. (9) Where: A = weight of the original test object B = weight of test objects after heating Figure 9. Weight Loss Data Capture (TFOT) (Source: Autor 2022) 9) Penetration and Ductility testing after TFOT, is done to determine the percentage (%) of penetration values after TFOT against the testing value before TFOT and to find out the value of Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 69 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 ductility after TFOT. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1) Results of Material characteristic testing (Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and Asphalt Pen 60/70). a. Testing of Asbuton Granular B 50/30 includes grain size, asphalt levels, moisture content, and solubility in trichloroethylene, penetration, softening point, ductility, heating loss after TFOT, and penetration after TFOT. Especially for Asbuton must first be done extraction and recovery asphalt produced by distillation. The results of the test on asphalt Asbuton Granular B 50/30 can be seen in Table 3. Table 3. Results of Properties Testing Asbuton Granular B 50/30 No Test item Technical specifications Test result 1 Nature of Original Form - The grain size of Asbuton granular Escaped sieve 3/8 inch (9,5 mm): % 100 100 - Asbuton bitumen levels; % Min. 20 21,83 - Water Content; % Maks. 4 - 2 Properties of Bitumen Extraction Results and Recovery - Solubility of Trichloroethylene; % Min 99 99,993 - Penetration of bitumen Asbuton at 25oC, 100g, 5 sec; dmm 40 – 70 54,50 - Softening Point; oC Min. 48 56,40 - Ductility at 25oC; cm Min. 100 136,5 - Heating loss after TFOT; % Maks. 2 0,283 - Penetration after TFOT, at 25oC, 100g, 5 sec; (%) Min. 54 83,67 Source: Test results b. Testing of asphalt Pen 60/70 includes everything required by the Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. But only 10 types of testing will be done, in Table 4 below is the result of asphalt pen 60/70 testing. In the table, it is seen that the asphalt Pen 60/70 used in this research meets the requirements of the Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. Table 4. Results of Properties Testing Asphalt Pen 60/70 No Test item Technical specifications Test result 1 Penetration at 25oC (dmm) 60-70 64,50 2 Kinematic Viscosity at 135oC (cSt) ≥ 300 667,50 3 Softening Point (oC) ≥ 48 48,10 4 Ductility (cm) ≥ 100 > 140 5 Flash Point (oC) ≥ 232 292,5 6 Solubility of Trichloroethylene (%) ≥ 99 99,998 7 Dencity (gr/ml) ≥ 1,0 1,035 Thin-Film Oven Testing (TFOT) 8 Heating loss (%) ≤ 0,8 0,018 9 Penetration at 25oC (%) ≥ 54 81,86 Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 70 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 No Test item Technical specifications Test result 10 Ductility at 25oC (cm) ≥ 50 > 140 Source: Test results 2) Results of testing variations of asphalt blends modification. Testing of variation asphalt blend between Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and Asphalt Pen 60/70 includes 10 types of testing required by the Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018 and refers to the physical properties of asphalt Pen 60/70. Table 5 below is the result of testing the variation of the asphalt blend between Asphalt Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70. Table 5. Results of Properties Testing Variations of Asphalt Blend between Asphalt Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70 No Test item Technical specifications of asphalt Pen 60/70 Test result K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 1 Penetration at 25oC (dmm) 60-70 62,60 62,00 61,30 58,80 58,30 2 Kinematic Viscosity at 135oC (cSt) ≥ 300 717,50 792,50 830,00 852,50 897,50 3 Softening Point (oC) ≥ 48 51,10 51,60 52,40 53,10 53,80 4 Ductility (cm) ≥ 100 137,5 131 122,25 111,5 97 5 Flash Point (oC) ≥ 232 297 301,5 308 311,5 317 6 Solubility of Trichloroethylene (%) ≥ 99 92,707 88,698 84,606 80,750 76,794 7 Dencity (gr/ml) ≥ 1,0 1,047 1,081 1,118 1,124 1,182 Thin-Film Oven Testing (TFOT) 8 Heating loss (%) ≤ 0,8 0,021 0,127 0,170 0,200 0,281 9 Penetration at 25oC (%) ≥ 54 81,94 82,75 83,36 83,84 84,39 10 Ductility at 25oC (cm) ≥ 50 134,5 122,5 111,0 98,0 93,0 Source: Test results From the results of the above test, it can be determined that the code of the K4 test object with a composition of 25% Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and 75% Asphalt Pen 60/70 is a modification of the most optimal blend variation in the use of Asphalt Granular B 50/30 as a material to improve the quality of Asphalt Pen 60/70. This determination is based on a ductility value of 112 cm and a softening point temperature of 53.1oC that still meets the requirements. Where the value of ductility determines the elasticity of the asphalt material, so that if the asphalt when pulled is still above 100 cm based on the requirements of Asphalt Pen 60/70 is still declared flexible or not shaken so that the asphalt is still good to be used as a pavement connective material, as well as after the test of heating loss for code of K4 test objects when pulled the value of ductility is still above 50 cm based on Asphalt Pen 60/70 requirements. While the soft point value to determine the sensitivity of asphalt material to temperature changes, if the test temperature is still above 48oC based on the requirements of Asphalt Pen 60/70 is still well expressed because sensitivity to temperature changes is still smaller than the requirements given. CONCLUSION Based on the tests that have been done, the material Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and Asphalt Pen 60/70 have asphalt properties by the requirements in the Spesifikasi Umum Bina Marga 2018. So that it can be continued for use in the manufacture of modification variations between Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and Asphalt Pen 60/70. The test results showed that asphalt modification with a code of K4 which Sujiartono, A., Mudjanarko, S. W., Characteristics Analysis of Modification Asbuton Granular B 50/30 with Asphalt Pen 60/70, (p. 62 – 71) 71 The Spirit of Society Journal Volume 6, Number 1 September 2022 has a composition of 25% Asbuton Granular B 50/30 and 75% Asphalt Pen 60/70 is an optimal modification. Based on the results of the research, the opportunity to increase the use of Asbuton is still very large, so more research is needed by using other types of Asbuton and if possibility coupled with other substances or materials so that asphalt modification using Asbuton can be further improved and a tool that can homogenize the blend so that the test results are better. REFERENCES Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum (2018), Spesifikasi Umum, Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, Jakarta. Fang, M, et al, (2020), Geometric composition, structural behavior and material design for asphalt trackbed: A review, Construction and Building Materials Journal, Volume 262. Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum (2006), Nomor 35 Tahun 2006 Tentang Peningkatan Pemanfaatan Aspal Buton Untuk Pemeliharaan Dan Pembangunan Jalan, Jakarta. National Asphalt Pavement Association. (1996), Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Blend Design and Construction, 2nd edition. Lanham: NAPA. Pravianto, W. (2013), Kumpulan Teknologi Asbuton, Puslitbang Jalan dan Jembatan, Bandung. Setiawan, A., dkk. (2011), Studi Penggunaan Asbuton Butir Pada Campuran Beton Aspal Binder Course (AC-BC), Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Trasportasi, Vol.1 No.2. Hal. 99-118. Suaryana, N. (2016), Performance evaluation of stone matrix asphalt using Indonesian natural rock asphalt as stabilizer, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, Vol. 9 Issue 2. Sukirman, S. (1999), Perkerasan Lentur Jalan Raya, Penerbit Nova, Bandung. © 2022 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Abstract: In the framework of handling the bending pavement road, natural materials in the form of asphalt as a binding material in a hot paved blend are needed. One of the abundant natural asphaltic that has not been used to its fullest is Asbuton. T... INTRODUCTION Literature Review METHODOLOGY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CONCLUSION