item: #1 of 161 id: thethinker-1168 author: Williams, Robyn; Otto, Lisa title: Editor's Note date: 2022-02-21 words: 717 flesch: 43 summary: Throughout history we have witnessed that technological trends have often impacted domestic politics and state relations. The purpose of this special issue is to explore a topic that is new and continuously evolving: the intersection of the fourth industrial revolution with aspects of the practice of politics and international relations. keywords: 4ir; relations cache: thethinker-1168.pdf plain text: thethinker-1168.txt item: #2 of 161 id: thethinker-1169 author: Uwizeyimana, D.E. title: Black Africans’ Contributions to Global Industrial Revolutions date: 2022-02-21 words: 7598 flesch: 52 summary: Without industrial development in colonial countries, Black Af ricans are only consumers of western and eastern produced goods and services. With all the colonisers’ and religious efforts to discourage Black Af ricans f rom It is important to note that no colonial power developed manufacturing industries in their colonies. keywords: 1ir; 4ir; af rica; af ricans; black; countries; innovations; manufacturing; online; revolution; rica; ricans; rom; world cache: thethinker-1169.pdf plain text: thethinker-1169.txt item: #3 of 161 id: thethinker-1170 author: van Nieuwkerk, Anthoni title: The Impact of Digital- Driven Warfare on Africa date: 2022-02-21 words: 4845 flesch: 48 summary: Indeed, if drones are to be included in future maritime security arrangements, South Af rica and Af rica need to consider the extent to which effective governance can be enacted and secured. Except for South Af rica, none have a defence industry. keywords: africa; attacks; cyber; defence; drones; global; military; national; rica; security; south; threats; warfare cache: thethinker-1170.pdf plain text: thethinker-1170.txt item: #4 of 161 id: thethinker-1171 author: Williams, Robyn; Otto, Lisa title: Artificial intelligence as a tool of public diplomacy: Communication between the United States and Iran date: 2022-02-21 words: 8808 flesch: 49 summary: For U.S. public diplomacy, social media has become an increasingly crucial means of communication and it is becoming tougher for the U.S. government to directly engage with the Iranian audience. Iran’s continuous censorship of Western media is harmful to U.S. public diplomacy and with advanced AI capabilities, it is an easy alternative for a displeased Iranian government. keywords: analysis; communication; diplomacy; government; iran; iranian; language; media; new; news; public; relations; rom; sentiment; states; technologies; trump; u.s cache: thethinker-1171.pdf plain text: thethinker-1171.txt item: #5 of 161 id: thethinker-1172 author: Ndlovu, Xichavo Alecia; Ngwane, Zamangwane; Mongae, Mmabatho title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Political Settlement in South Africa’s Mining Industry date: 2022-02-21 words: 9248 flesch: 49 summary: Two separate surveys of South African mining executives revealed that mining companies were making significant investments into new mining technologies, with a focus on frontline technologies such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR), AI and automation (Croeser et al., 2020; Evans et al., 2021). We argue that the displacement of workers can shift the balance of power against organised labour and in favour of mining companies. keywords: 4ir; africa; companies; economic; government; industry; labour; mines; mining; mining industry; power; settlement; south; south africa; technologies; technology; workers cache: thethinker-1172.pdf plain text: thethinker-1172.txt item: #6 of 161 id: thethinker-1173 author: Layton-Matthews, Samantha; Landsberg, Chris title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and its Effects on Public Service Delivery in South Africa date: 2022-02-21 words: 5984 flesch: 42 summary: Perhaps a lesson can be learned f rom India, which has explored its rural challenges in 4IR integration, especially in the agricultural sector. The f rameworks under review have been integrated to monitor the country’s capabilities for 4IR integration. keywords: 4ir; delivery; government; industrial; integration; platforms; revolution; sector; service; south cache: thethinker-1173.pdf plain text: thethinker-1173.txt item: #7 of 161 id: thethinker-1174 author: Ndzendze, Bhaso ; Marwala, Tshilidzi title: Conclusion: Towards a General Theory of Technology and Politics? date: 2022-02-21 words: 2430 flesch: 49 summary: Robyn Williams, Lisa Otto and their contributors have weaved a timely contribution to the burgeoning literature, both scholarly and practical, of the 4IR technologies in political science and IR, with all their attendant sub-disciplines, with just as many questions raised as answers provided. It is true that political science begins in critique and is founded on dissent, but the tools for such theory-building perhaps exist in this realm (i.e., the technology-politics nexus) than on any other question. keywords: 4ir; example; focus; marwala; rom cache: thethinker-1174.pdf plain text: thethinker-1174.txt item: #8 of 161 id: thethinker-1175 author: Bond, Patrick title: Beyond Sub-Imperial War, ‘Blood Methane’, and Climate-Debt Denialism: South Africa’s Pro-Military Lobby Risks Worsening Multiple Injustices in Northern Mozambique date: 2022-02-21 words: 8561 flesch: 53 summary: Here in South Af rica, solidarity activist groups which in 2021 commented along the same lines include the International Labour Rights Information Group and South Af rican Federation of Trade Unions. First, the climate catastrophe’s amplification due to rising dependency upon Liquefied Natural Gas (which is more than 80 times more potent than carbon dioxide in coming decades), leaving our neighbour as the world’s fourth worst-affected country since 2000, at a time when South Af rica is already the third-highest greenhouse gas emitter per person/ GDP among major countries. keywords: africa; army; cabo; climate; delgado; force; foreign; gas; military; mozambique; neethling; pretoria; rica; rom; sandf; security; south; south af; state; sub; troops; war cache: thethinker-1175.pdf plain text: thethinker-1175.txt item: #9 of 161 id: thethinker-1176 author: van Breda, Adrian title: Building Resilient Leadership: Lessons from Covid-19 date: 2022-02-21 words: 2182 flesch: 58 summary: Covid-19 undermines the deepest security we feel as humans and disables people’s capacity to work and create. This opinion piece argues that leaders should not merely hold on until Covid-19 passes, but rather learn the lessons Covid-19 wishes to teach us. keywords: covid-19; life; relationships; work cache: thethinker-1176.pdf plain text: thethinker-1176.txt item: #10 of 161 id: thethinker-1177 author: Fagunwa, Temitope title: Ayodele Awojobi as a Scholar-Activist: An Assessment of the Historical Mission of Intellectuals Towards an African Revolution date: 2022-02-21 words: 8040 flesch: 48 summary: Af rican intellectuals have the duty of being inspired by the revolutionary life and works of the activist- scholar Ayodele Awojobi. The above presents the impactful life and works of a genuine Af rican intellectual who was interested in the practical struggles for the complete emancipation of the oppressed people of Nigeria f rom the claws of their oppressive state. keywords: activist; af rican; awojobi; ayodele; ayodele awojobi; class; intellectuals; nigerian; power; rican; rom; scholar; society; state cache: thethinker-1177.pdf plain text: thethinker-1177.txt item: #11 of 161 id: thethinker-1178 author: Carolin, Andy title: LGBT+ Rights and the Fight Against Apartheid: An Interview With Peter Tatchell date: 2022-02-21 words: 4570 flesch: 68 summary: Well, the official anti-apartheid movement did not want to engage with the LGBT+ movement here in Britain or in South Af rica. I argued that engaging with the LGBT+ movement both in Britain and South Af rica would draw LGBT+ people into the anti-apartheid struggle and thereby strengthen it. keywords: anc; apartheid; lgbt+; movement; rica; rights; south cache: thethinker-1178.pdf plain text: thethinker-1178.txt item: #12 of 161 id: thethinker-1179 author: McCracken, Donal P. title: Contemporary Campus Life: Transformation, Manic Managerialism and Academentia date: 2022-02-21 words: 883 flesch: 55 summary: So, the 1970s are pushed back to the 1950s when in South Africa the common if quaintly outdated practice of selected published columns actually sold books. The result of this sustained and intellectually suicidal approach, not just in South Africa, has been that the professoriate have been relegated to a tame and minor role in universities leading in turn to their too often abrogating their sacred trust and entering their offices, closing their collective doors, and, in the words of the statesman William Pitt, ‘Tending their own gardens’. keywords: book; tomaselli; university cache: thethinker-1179.pdf plain text: thethinker-1179.txt item: #13 of 161 id: thethinker-1180 author: Moloi, Tshepo Mvulane title: The Pan-African Pantheon: Prophets, Poets and Philosophers date: 2022-02-21 words: 1558 flesch: 52 summary: Instead, we set out the history of Pan-Africanism and the evolution, interaction and intellectual ideas and impact of the 36 Pan-African figures covered in this book’ (Adebajo, 2020: 4–5). Firstly, as the 38 essays are written by African, Caribbean and African-American scholars largely based in their regions, the book contributes sub- stantively to efforts to transform curricula in all three regions and across the globe; secondly the book covers 36 major Pan-African figures in a bid to build a contemporary Pan-African canon; and thirdly, the volume encourages a cross-general dialogue between scholars, as well as between past figures of Pan-Africanism and more con- temporary ones with whom current students would already be familiar (Adebajo, 2020: 6–7). keywords: adebajo; africanism; pan; williams cache: thethinker-1180.pdf plain text: thethinker-1180.txt item: #14 of 161 id: thethinker-1181 author: Williams, Robyn; Otto, Lisa title: Contributors to this edition date: 2022-02-21 words: 1732 flesch: 40 summary: Other research interests include Af rican development through advanced technologies and collaborative efforts and South Af rican diplomacy. Other research interests include Af rican development through advanced technologies and collaborative efforts and South Af rican diplomacy. keywords: diplomacy; international; johannesburg; relations; university cache: thethinker-1181.pdf plain text: thethinker-1181.txt item: #15 of 161 id: thethinker-1284 author: Jamal, Ashraf title: Black Self: Notes for a conversation date: 2022-06-06 words: 1811 flesch: 66 summary: This observation, made in 1952, remains searingly significant today, not only because of ongoing inequality, the persistent invisibility of the black body within a controlling white optic, but because of the urgent interest in black art today – black lives, black bodies, black portraiture. Is the trade in black bodies durable? keywords: art; black; blackness; portraiture; self cache: thethinker-1284.pdf plain text: thethinker-1284.txt item: #16 of 161 id: thethinker-1285 author: Jamal, Ashraf title: A New Black Optimism? date: 2022-06-06 words: 4912 flesch: 63 summary: In this regard, it is the painting of black children that assumes centre-stage. In my search to find wholesome or inspiring depictions of black children in literature and art, I came across two radically contrasting representations: Titus Kaphar’s Enough About You (2016) – provoked by an 18th-century painting of Elihu Yale, his white cabal, the second Duke of Devonshire, Lord James Cavendish, Mr Tunstal, and ‘an Enslaved Servant’ – and Henry Ossawa Tanner’s The Banjo Lesson (1893). keywords: art; artist; children; kaphar; life; makamo; painting; tanner; time; wiley cache: thethinker-1285.pdf plain text: thethinker-1285.txt item: #17 of 161 id: thethinker-1286 author: Mputing, Abel title: The Enigma of the Banning of Mandela’s Image date: 2022-06-06 words: 5381 flesch: 61 summary: 17 SPECIAL EDITION The Enigma of the Banning of Mandela’s Image By Abel Mputing | Peer Reviewed V o l u m e 9 1 / 2 0 2 2 | J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 Abstract Often, we look at images and try to determine how and why they came into being and what they mean in our immediate presentness. As we know, images assume different meanings in different contexts. keywords: art; history; image; mandela; new; photography; portrait; viewer; visual; york cache: thethinker-1286.pdf plain text: thethinker-1286.txt item: #18 of 161 id: thethinker-1287 author: Mokoena, Hlonipha title: Black Orpheus: Black Internationalism in a Time of Blackness date: 2022-06-06 words: 4124 flesch: 56 summary: Kimberly [sic], where Mr. Fosses resides, will be remembered by our readers as conspicuous in the English- Boer war. Although there are many high points in this profile, for now it is important that we begin with the description of Mr. Fosses as ‘of pure Af rican descent’ and the fact that his biographical sketch was accompanied by a photograph which it is fair to assume was taken in Burgesdorp, Kimberley, where Mr. Fosses lived. keywords: american; colored; descent; fosses; magazine; rican cache: thethinker-1287.pdf plain text: thethinker-1287.txt item: #19 of 161 id: thethinker-1288 author: Twala, Phumzile title: Ngiyabonga belungu bami date: 2022-06-06 words: 4362 flesch: 69 summary: 31 SPECIAL EDITION Ngiyabonga belungu bami Abstract Considering how Black People are often seen/unseen as a monolith of ‘Black Bodies’ in township spaces in South Af rica, I attempt to unpack what it looks like for Black People to blend into or stand out f rom contradictory, collective-led definitions of who/what Black people are in these spaces. Biko’s essay agitates for Black people to show the value of their own standards. keywords: black; blackness; people; rom; self; spaces; township cache: thethinker-1288.pdf plain text: thethinker-1288.txt item: #20 of 161 id: thethinker-1289 author: Setai, Phokeng title: Curating in the Dark: Notes on a Fugitive Concept of Black Curation date: 2022-06-06 words: 5283 flesch: 40 summary: What makes this increasingly insidious is that for scholars such as Souleymane Bachir Diagne (2011: 6), who advocate certain aspects of Senghorian ideals, Black Af rican art represents the philosophical worldview and ontological status of its people. Financial markets operate on the basis of the principle of speculation, and the commercial art market is no different, as can be seen in how the soaring interest in Black Af rican aesthetic modes, practices and cultural objects is inextricably connected to the commercial fixation with Black Af rican cultural production. keywords: art; colonial; contemporary; cultural; global; production; rican; rom; world cache: thethinker-1289.pdf plain text: thethinker-1289.txt item: #21 of 161 id: thethinker-1290 author: Nkomo, Vusumzi title: Bonding Over Blacks: Mario Moore’s A Student’s Dream date: 2022-06-06 words: 4046 flesch: 64 summary: It is beyond the scope of this essay to argue how Black images that don’t feature figures in pain, whether perceived/imagined or real, aren’t immune to racial imagoes about Black people. 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 48 Furthermore, what is the place of Black images in the world of images, or what Barthes calls a ‘family of images’? keywords: black; images; looking; men; people; white; world cache: thethinker-1290.pdf plain text: thethinker-1290.txt item: #22 of 161 id: thethinker-1291 author: Christian, Sven title: Between Pop and Expressionism: Beauchamp’s ‘Hieroglyphics of the Flesh’ date: 2022-06-06 words: 4436 flesch: 63 summary: When, for example, Joja writes that ‘the spatio-temporal afterlives of racial stereotypes always seem contingent on the perpetual non-events of f reedom, aporias of SPECIAL EDITION V o l u m e 9 1 / 2 0 2 2 | J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 Turning to Beauchamp’s artist blurb for People from the Sun (2020), I come across a line by Publius Terence that seems apposite: ‘I am human, and I think nothing human is alien to me.’ While Beauchamp’s use of racial stereotypes and their effect on audiences is important, the idea of entrapment — of being caught in a perpetual loop — deserves greater attention. keywords: alexander; artist; beauchamp; biko; black; joja; rom; work cache: thethinker-1291.pdf plain text: thethinker-1291.txt item: #23 of 161 id: thethinker-1292 author: Gamedze, Thulile title: For Ambivalent Black Figures date: 2022-06-06 words: 4370 flesch: 49 summary: I engage the ambivalent Black figure: the obscured, abstracted, ambiguous, scary, running Black figure, who both arrives to and disappears from view, and whose relation to the world of the body is fundamentally unstable. undermined by its ‘world’, but by its own dealings with Black bodies. keywords: ambivalence; art; body; erasmus; figures; hartzenberg; images; work; world cache: thethinker-1292.pdf plain text: thethinker-1292.txt item: #24 of 161 id: thethinker-1293 author: Moloi, Nkgopoleng title: Colour, Abstraction and Fantastic Sunsets date: 2022-06-06 words: 3876 flesch: 61 summary: Taking instruction f rom Esther and thinking with her on varying notions of what it means to be f ree, one could read refusal in the works of Black artists who choose not to participate in representational exchanges of Black life or who choose to do so in interesting ways. I ask how colour has been employed by Black artists as a critical component of their practices, proposing that a critical study of colour can help us understand how Black artists navigate the art landscape and create spaces of imagination, possibility, and life for themselves.  keywords: artists; black; colour; life; man; painting; refusal; work cache: thethinker-1293.pdf plain text: thethinker-1293.txt item: #25 of 161 id: thethinker-1294 author: Hardy, Stacy title: Darkness Pass: A Nocturn date: 2022-06-06 words: 4973 flesch: 69 summary: ‘night opens I enter night shuts I don’t leave’ ― Alejandra Pizarnik, The Galloping Hour: French Poems 72 night opens I enter night shuts I don’t leave ― Alejandra Pizarnik, 2018 Dark night babe toss and turn the clouds above you make the sober go drunk ― Isabella Motadinyane, 2016 Threading their twilight perspectives through the nocturnal lens of Édouard Glissant’s opacity, Andrew Culp’s ‘Dark Deleuze,’ Jason Mohaghegh’s philosophy of the after- dark, Fred Moten’s fugitivity, and more, I explore night as a third route beyond the tabulations of masochistic skepticism and sadistic truth. keywords: art; black; césaire; dark; darkness; mohaghegh; new; night; rom; sapeta; time cache: thethinker-1294.pdf plain text: thethinker-1294.txt item: #26 of 161 id: thethinker-1295 author: Mann, David title: Settled date: 2022-06-06 words: 3598 flesch: 89 summary: Nicholas shrugs. Nicholas was meant to take the morning shift, but he is tired and groggy and so Ayanda finds himself behind the wheel. keywords: ayanda; nicholas; road; rom cache: thethinker-1295.pdf plain text: thethinker-1295.txt item: #27 of 161 id: thethinker-1296 author: Stevens, Nolan title: Forward Trajectory of a Positive Black Self date: 2022-06-06 words: 1984 flesch: 56 summary: It is said that the future of black art is bright. Here the use of black charcoal, white ink and the brown of his cardboard, each representing black, white and brown peoples, aim to represent a broadness to the Af rican understanding. keywords: black cache: thethinker-1296.pdf plain text: thethinker-1296.txt item: #28 of 161 id: thethinker-1297 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors to this edition date: 2022-06-06 words: 1310 flesch: 53 summary: He is interested in South Af rican art history with a special emphasis on South Af rican documentary and art photography with particular reference to the black body, its archival record and the contemporary artistic practices thereof. Her articles have been published in: Journal of Natal and Zulu History; Journal of Religion in Af rica; Journal of Southern Af rican Studies; Ufahamu: A Journal of Af rican Studies; Interventions: International Journal of Postcolonial Studies; Image & Text and Critical Arts. keywords: art; arts; journal; university cache: thethinker-1297.pdf plain text: thethinker-1297.txt item: #29 of 161 id: thethinker-1454 author: Shabalala, Nokulunga title: What Is Happening Here?: An Auto-Ethnographic Account of an Emerging Woman Academic’s Entry into the Academy in South Africa date: 2022-09-02 words: 7173 flesch: 62 summary: The paper aims to bring to the fore the dynamics that perpetuate black women academics’ sense of non- belonging, voicelessness, and stagnation. Many have written about how race and gender intersect to shape this experience and the extent to which black women academics feel at home or out of place in the academy (Khunou, 2019; Kiguwa, 2019; Maseti, 2018). keywords: academic; academy; education; r e; research; south; time; woman cache: thethinker-1454.pdf plain text: thethinker-1454.txt item: #30 of 161 id: thethinker-1455 author: Raniga, Tanusha title: Women Entrepreneurship as a Strategy for Sustainable Livelihoods date: 2022-09-02 words: 5709 flesch: 47 summary: Many of the women stated that the NGO training had helped them to associate with women f rom all economic backgrounds and that the social bonds formed united women f rom diverse racial and cultural backgrounds in the Gauteng province. South Af rica’s economic growth would be skewed without the active involvement of women entrepreneurs, as they constitute approximately half of the country’s population (Statistics South Af rica, 2020). keywords: business; development; rica; rom; social; south; training; women cache: thethinker-1455.pdf plain text: thethinker-1455.txt item: #31 of 161 id: thethinker-1456 author: Attree, Lizzy title: Daring to Be Different: The First-Person HIV-Positive Narrator in Two South African Novels date: 2022-09-02 words: 11710 flesch: 67 summary: Konstant lives in a time before effective treatment and Lindanathi initially squanders that luxury in South Af rica, before re-emerging as a survivor just as higher quality ARVs are made more widely available. Since the late 1980s and early ‘90s, HIV and AIDS are hardly ever named in literary texts and the first person narrator is rarely HIV-positive.7 In these circumstances, it has been difficult in the past to establish whether AIDS does have a ‘cultural symbology’ in South Af rica, and few other literary critics address these concerns. keywords: aids; death; hiv; jude; konstant; lindanathi; novel; ntshanga; r e; r n; reactive; rica; rom; south; south af; venter cache: thethinker-1456.pdf plain text: thethinker-1456.txt item: #32 of 161 id: thethinker-1457 author: Mtumane, Zilibele ; Motloung, Nkafotseng Laurencia title: Cultural Devotion as Depicted in J.C. Buthelezi’s Kushaywa Edonsayo date: 2022-09-02 words: 5150 flesch: 65 summary: (Buthelezi, 1993: 15) Sibani (2018: 66) is of the view that the changes that are evident among Af rican cultures are influenced by the socio-cultural evolution that has occurred world-wide, in favour of Western culture. Currency is another major influence on cultural change, even though currency is not necessarily part of Af rican culture. keywords: bhekani; buthelezi; culture; family; home; jonono; life; mother; novel; ricans cache: thethinker-1457.pdf plain text: thethinker-1457.txt item: #33 of 161 id: thethinker-1458 author: Hlatshwayo, Mondli title: The Public Transport Crisis in South Africa: Through the Eyes of the Four Revolutions date: 2022-09-02 words: 8123 flesch: 60 summary: In other words, the debates on the technological advances provide scholars, researchers, engineers, and working- class organisations with the space to foreground transport as an issue requiring special attention, especially in South Af rica where the public transport system faces many challenges. Critically applying the prism of the four industrial revolutions, the article demonstrates that South Af rica lags behind f rom a transport perspective, and still relies on the transportation of the Second Industrial Revolution when other countries are utilising technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. keywords: 4ir; af rica; development; industrial; public; r e; revolution; rica; rom; south; south af; state; system; taxi; trains; transport; transportation cache: thethinker-1458.pdf plain text: thethinker-1458.txt item: #34 of 161 id: thethinker-1459 author: Jeeva, Zaakirah Iqbal; Gumbo, Trynos ; Cilliers, Juanee title: Unpacking the Municipal Demarcation Application in South Africa date: 2022-09-02 words: 5123 flesch: 38 summary: The biggest decline occurred in local municipalities, which declined by 26 f rom 2000 to 2016; the number of district municipalities declined by three over the same time period. In closing, local municipalities are the most important tier of government since they have direct contact with the citizens. keywords: demarcation; development; government; mdb; municipalities; public; south cache: thethinker-1459.pdf plain text: thethinker-1459.txt item: #35 of 161 id: thethinker-1460 author: Batala, Lusanda title: The Buzz Around Access to Financial Services by Individuals date: 2022-09-02 words: 10541 flesch: 53 summary: In South Af rica, institutional factors, product features, and individuals’ socio-economic characteristics are the main factors influencing access to financial services. Furthermore, Allen et al. (2012) indicate that giving financial access to those who do not have it in Kenya can improve financial access. keywords: access; banking; credit; determinants; development; finance; growth; income; individuals; journal; poor; poverty; r e; research; rica; rom; savings; services; south; world cache: thethinker-1460.pdf plain text: thethinker-1460.txt item: #36 of 161 id: thethinker-1461 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: David Moore date: 2022-09-02 words: 3051 flesch: 50 summary: As South Af ricans we are somewhat familiar with the effects of Zimbabwe’s many crises south of the Limpopo too: they contribute the xenophobia that has infected many South Af ricans. I would also like to pursue the thoughts of Richard Wright as he moved f rom membership of the American Communist Party to his engagement with the leaders of the emerging ‘third world’ in his book arising f rom his visit to the Bandung conference in 1955 – that book, The Colour Curtain, was published by a CIA f ront. keywords: book; mugabe; rom cache: thethinker-1461.pdf plain text: thethinker-1461.txt item: #37 of 161 id: thethinker-1462 author: Moore, David B. title: Excerpt from Moore’s Mugabe’s Legacy: Coups, Conspiracies, and the Conceits of Power in Zimbabwe date: 2022-09-02 words: 4070 flesch: 64 summary: Aside f rom attempting to analyse the many means by which Robert Mugabe gained power, and thus did so much to create a particular space of power for Zimbabwean politicians in his wake, Mugabe’s Surprisingly (to me), none of them mentioned in other than laudatory mode Mugabe’s learning many of his trade’s tricks during Zimbabwe’s liberation war. keywords: history; minister; mugabe; rom; truth; zimbabwe; zvomuya cache: thethinker-1462.pdf plain text: thethinker-1462.txt item: #38 of 161 id: thethinker-1463 author: Radebe, Mandla J. title: Book Review: A Brief History of South Africa: From Earliest Times to the Mandela Presidency date: 2022-09-02 words: 3304 flesch: 57 summary: Themes in South Af rican History The second part of A Brief History of South Af rica presents themes in South Af rican history, and I found this most valuable. 96 T H E T H I N K E R | J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 Book Review Reviewed by Mandla J. Radebe BOOK REVIEW 97 T he writing of South Af rican history has been contentious, mainly due to the exclusion of the majority Af rican people whose past achievements have often been ignored or treated contemptuously. keywords: af rica; book; history; rica; south; south af cache: thethinker-1463.pdf plain text: thethinker-1463.txt item: #39 of 161 id: thethinker-1464 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors to this edition date: 2022-09-02 words: 1430 flesch: 46 summary: Lusanda Batala is an economist with a junior degree from the University of Cape Town, Honours from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University and Master’s from University of London (SOAS). South Africa and Zimbabwe under Cyril Ramaphosa and Emmerson Mnangagwa, co-edited with Chris Brown and Blair Rutherford (McGill-Queen’s University Press).   keywords: africa; development; johannesburg; research; south; university cache: thethinker-1464.pdf plain text: thethinker-1464.txt item: #40 of 161 id: thethinker-210 author: Joost Fontein title: Burying Bob date: 2020-06-01 words: 5107 flesch: 48 summary: Mugabe’s burial turned out to be far more intriguing and revealing than the initial sense of general ambivalence and disinterest had promised, suggesting indeed, as my favourite meme also implied, that it was Bob himself who had ‘done it again’ – ensuring that, in death as much as in life, Zimbabwean politics would continue to circulate around him. Even as arrangements for Bob’s funeral and burial were being discussed, Mnangagwa presided over the burial at the National Heroes’ Acre of another senior ZANU PF and military commander – Major General Trust Mugoba, who had coincidently died on the same day as Mugabe – illustrating Mnangagwa’s commitment to continuing the narrow politics of ZANU PF-controlled commemoration that his predecessor had forged. keywords: bob; death; grace; heroes; mugabe; national; politics; zanu; zimbabwe cache: thethinker-210.pdf plain text: thethinker-210.txt item: #41 of 161 id: thethinker-212 author: Dumiso Dabengwa title: The Impeccable Zapu and ANC Alliance in Retrospect: The 1967 Wankie and 1968 Sipolilo Campaigns date: 2019-03-08 words: 3786 flesch: 62 summary: It became necessary that the ZAPU and ANC forces worked together to dismantle colonial Rhodesia’s impunity that was supported by Apartheid RSA. After Inyantuwe, they had a number of other major battles at Sinamathela, Tsholotsho and along the Natha and Tekwane river areas before they retreated into Botswana. keywords: anc; battle; campaigns; detachment; enemy; military; rhodesian; river; wankie; zpra cache: thethinker-212.pdf plain text: thethinker-212.txt item: #42 of 161 id: thethinker-213 author: Ronnie Kasrils title: MK in the Aftermath of Rivonia (1963 – 1976) date: 2019-03-08 words: 5514 flesch: 55 summary: The recruitment of MK cadres in greater numbers for training abroad was well underway from early 1962. Dotothy Nyembe, a banned ANC Women’s League leader in Natal, was contacted by a group of MK cadres who had managed to successfully cross the border and were seeking assistance. keywords: africa; anc; cadres; country; home; leadership; liberation; rivonia; south; struggle; training; underground cache: thethinker-213.pdf plain text: thethinker-213.txt item: #43 of 161 id: thethinker-220 author: Emile Ormond title: The Ghost in the Machine: The Ethical Risks of AI date: 2020-03-11 words: 5695 flesch: 53 summary: Scholars have praised the ethical codes as a necessary but insufficient step towards ethical AI. Bias in AI systems can take multiple forms but can be divided into system- and data-level bias (Anderson, 2018; Kaye, 2018; Larsson et al., 2019). keywords: artificial; bias; data; doi; et al; ethics; human; intelligence; rica; technology cache: thethinker-220.pdf plain text: thethinker-220.txt item: #44 of 161 id: thethinker-2201 author: Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J.; Ngqulunga, Bongani title: Introduction: From the idea of Africa to the African idea of Africa date: 2022-11-25 words: 2198 flesch: 56 summary: The collaborative project is entitled “The Changing Af rican Idea of Af rica and the Future of Af rican Studies.” To make sense of the politics of knowledge and representation, Mudimbe coined the term “the colonial library” as an epistemic f raming of a particular idea of Af rica, which still remains a challenge in Af rican Studies. keywords: africa; idea; knowledge; rica cache: thethinker-2201.pdf plain text: thethinker-2201.txt item: #45 of 161 id: thethinker-2202 author: Ngqulunga, Bongani title: Genealogies of African Nationalism and the Idea of Africa date: 2022-11-25 words: 11902 flesch: 54 summary: By focusing on this idea at the heart of the Af rican nationalist political tradition, the paper challenges scholarship that often dismisses early Af rican nationalists as conservative, influenced by their experiences in mission communities, or by an eagerness to become loyal subjects of the British Empire. T H E T H I N K E R | J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 P E E R R E V I E W 12 and its peoples, Mbeki was following in the footsteps of many Af rican nationalists before him, who expended considerable intellectual and political resources in the imagination and definition of the Af rican continent. keywords: af rica; af ricans; bantu; civilisation; continent; idea; nationalism; new; r e; rican; rom; seme; south; south af; thema cache: thethinker-2202.pdf plain text: thethinker-2202.txt item: #46 of 161 id: thethinker-2203 author: Dan Motaung, Tlhabane Mokhine title: The African Nationalist Idea of Africa date: 2022-11-25 words: 7277 flesch: 43 summary: With the atrophying of post-colonial Af rican nationalism, Pan-Af ricanism was ‘deoxygenated’. Af rican nationalism has generally spread across large swathes of post-colonial Af rica where it degenerated into odious ethno-nationalism and chauvinism. keywords: african; colonial; identities; mamdani; nation; nationalism; r e; rule; state cache: thethinker-2203.pdf plain text: thethinker-2203.txt item: #47 of 161 id: thethinker-2204 author: Mpofu, William Jethro title: Thabo Mbeki’s Decolonial Idea of an African in the African Renaissance date: 2022-11-25 words: 7019 flesch: 55 summary: Mbeki’s poetic declaration that ‘I am an Af rican’ in South Af rica might just indicate that being human, and Af rican, in Af rica is an idea under question that must still be declared or defended in the postcolony. However, as if unable to escape the enchantment of the ‘rainbow- ism’ of the political moment, in the same speech and same voice, Mbeki turns around to describe another Af rican who is not simply Black and native to Af rica, but rather an inclusive Af rican whose ‘Af ricanity’ accommodates others, including the white settlers themselves, ‘whatever their own actions’ in the history of South Af rica. keywords: af rica; african; apartheid; idea; liberation; mbeki; renaissance; rican; south; south af cache: thethinker-2204.pdf plain text: thethinker-2204.txt item: #48 of 161 id: thethinker-2205 author: Mataruse, Prolific S. title: African Socialism, the Economy of Affection, and a Concern for Foreign Affairs: Julius Nyerere’s Enduring Definition of the Global South date: 2022-11-25 words: 6979 flesch: 63 summary: Even after abandoning Af rican socialism, the limits of this system became evident to Nyerere f rom his analysis of the skewed nature of international trade and economics. Af rican socialism was the core idea put forward: a philosophy which advocated for the caring of fellow humanity, as was the practice in traditional Af rican communal life, rather than another Marxist recipe. keywords: africa; global; nyerere; people; poverty; rica; rom; socialism; south; tanzania; unity; world cache: thethinker-2205.pdf plain text: thethinker-2205.txt item: #49 of 161 id: thethinker-2206 author: Acheampong, Kelvin title: A Literary Turn in African Studies: The Contribution of Three Generations of African Writers to the Advancement of Decoloniality in African Studies date: 2022-11-25 words: 6438 flesch: 51 summary: Three generations of Af rican literary writers have been acknowledged by scholars such as Adesanmi and Dunton (2005), Nnolim (2009) and O jaide ( In the following section, I will provide vignettes of the decolonial contributions of each generation of Af rican literary writers, making brief references to literary works that typify the dominant ideological dispositions of each generation: Osiris Rising by Ayi Kwei Armah (representing generation one), the Tambudzai trilogy (i.e., Nervous Conditions, The Book of Not, and This Mournable Body) by Tsitsi Dangarembga (representing generation two) and Americanah by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (representing generation three). keywords: african; decolonial; epistemic; generation; literature; rican; rom; turn; writers; writing cache: thethinker-2206.pdf plain text: thethinker-2206.txt item: #50 of 161 id: thethinker-2207 author: Mthombeni, Zama title: Xenophobia in South Africa: Problematising Ubuntu as an Ethical Response date: 2022-11-25 words: 7601 flesch: 57 summary: According to public opinion statistics f rom SAMP on South Af rica, the majority of South Af ricans believe that immigrants cause unemployment and deplete the country’s economic resources (Crush and Pendleton, 2007: 71–72; Crush et al., 2008: 29– 30). The Operation Dudula campaign is heavily debated in South Af rica as some feel that it is an Af rophobia campaign, spreading xenophobic tendencies under the banner of putting South Af ricans first. keywords: africa; dudula; foreigners; operation; people; rica; ricans; south; south af; ubuntu; xenophobia cache: thethinker-2207.pdf plain text: thethinker-2207.txt item: #51 of 161 id: thethinker-2208 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors to this edition date: 2022-11-25 words: 426 flesch: 36 summary: All contributing analysts write in their personal capacity Prof Ronit Frenkel Acheampong, Kelvin is a recent graduate of the European Interdisciplinary Master in African Studies (EIMAS), jointly hosted by University of Porto, University of Bayreuth, and Bordeaux Montaigne University. Correspondence regarding the paper should be sent to motaungdan@gmail.com Mpofu, William Jethro is a researcher at the Wits Centre for Diversity Studies, University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. keywords: correspondence; university cache: thethinker-2208.pdf plain text: thethinker-2208.txt item: #52 of 161 id: thethinker-221 author: By Jaco Du Preez and Saurabh Sinha title: Higher Education Leadership in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution date: 2020-03-11 words: 4205 flesch: 45 summary: This article first analyses the education paradigm in a historical context, given that there is much to learn f rom the joint advancement and interaction of technology and higher education, as evidenced in the previous three industrial revolutions. Given the recent emergence of the Third Industrial Revolution (which will loosely be described as the computer revolution of the later decades of the 20th century), the effect that it has had on higher education has arguably only been truly felt in the past couple of years. keywords: 4ir; digital; education; industrial; new; online; revolution; south cache: thethinker-221.pdf plain text: thethinker-221.txt item: #53 of 161 id: thethinker-225 author: Malaika Mahlatsi title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Another Industrial Revolution Leaving Black Women Behind? date: 2020-03-11 words: 3236 flesch: 46 summary: But another feature of modern capitalism had begun to emerge: the It contends that the digital inequality paradox must be resolved through the redress of systematic challenges confronting our democratic dispensation so that, ultimately, Black women are not alienated from these inevitable technological developments. But we must do this contextually, 27V o l u m e 8 3 / 2 0 2 0 PAN-AFRICAN access to the internet, Black women constitute the minority. keywords: 4ir; labour; revolution; rica; south; women cache: thethinker-225.pdf plain text: thethinker-225.txt item: #54 of 161 id: thethinker-226 author: Kgabo Morifi title: Political Organising and Mobilising in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Reflection on the Gauteng Young Communist League of South Africa date: 2020-03-11 words: 3096 flesch: 44 summary: While research on the implications of the 4IR on businesses is surging, there is little on its impact on political organisations, especially as it pertains to mobilisation and organising. While research on the implications of the 4IR on businesses is surging, there is little on its impact on political organisations. keywords: 4ir; gauteng; mobilisation; organisation; south; technology; yclsa cache: thethinker-226.pdf plain text: thethinker-226.txt item: #55 of 161 id: thethinker-227 author: O.A. Ladimeji title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Nigeria: A Policy Conundrum and High Stakes for the Future of the African Continent date: 2020-03-11 words: 4881 flesch: 52 summary: It then became government policy to allow imports only to the level that Dangote’s own production could not satisfy local demand. This inconsistency in government policy leads to the entire business class having a short-term focus. keywords: business; class; countries; government; ict; learning; new; nigeria; policy; rica cache: thethinker-227.pdf plain text: thethinker-227.txt item: #56 of 161 id: thethinker-228 author: none title: Assessing a Common Currency in Africa date: 2020-03-11 words: 4113 flesch: 56 summary: How the France-backed Af rican CFA f ranc works as an enabler and barrier to development. The December 2019 decision to rename the West Af rican CFA f ranc as the ECO and thereby cut “some of the financial links with Paris” was welcomed by many Heads of State, but the reliance on France remains in the details. keywords: cfa; common; countries; currency; monetary; rican; sacu; states cache: thethinker-228.pdf plain text: thethinker-228.txt item: #57 of 161 id: thethinker-229 author: Alex Broadbent title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Importance of Disagreement date: 2020-03-11 words: 3161 flesch: 60 summary: In truth, both technological development and societal change are caused in very complex ways, including by each other, and the causal model set up by 4IR proponents is nowhere near complex enough to be credible. There are In truth, both technological development and societal change are caused in very complex ways, including by each other, and the causal model set up by 4IR proponents is nowhere near complex enough to be credible. keywords: 4ir; change; new; revolution; society; story cache: thethinker-229.pdf plain text: thethinker-229.txt item: #58 of 161 id: thethinker-230 author: Bhaso Ndzendze title: Googling the US Electoral Cycle, 2004-2016: South African Insights date: 2020-03-11 words: 3003 flesch: 61 summary: South Af rican searches for US presidential candidates In 2004, the South Af rican population searched for the Republican incumbent and eventual winner George W. Bush throughout the year. Worldwide searches for Mitt Romney were consistently higher than South Af rican searches for Mitt Romney, with searches for Romney outranking South Af rican searches for Obama in October 2012. keywords: jan; online; presidential; rican; searches; south; worldwide cache: thethinker-230.pdf plain text: thethinker-230.txt item: #59 of 161 id: thethinker-231 author: none title: The Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum: An Unprecedented Event in the History of African-Russian Relations date: 2020-03-11 words: 5180 flesch: 52 summary: By the mid-1980s, the share of Af rican countries in Soviet imports amounted to: in bauxite – about 60%, in manganese – total ore – about 56%, for cobalt – 100%, for cocoa – about 64%, for valuable wood – about 58% (Deich and Kukushkin, 1988). The Representative of the Russian Federation in the UNSC was diplomatic but unequivocally clear on the position of the West: “Af rican countries presented very compelling arguments. keywords: af rica; council; economic; foreign; relations; rican; rom; russian; security; states cache: thethinker-231.pdf plain text: thethinker-231.txt item: #60 of 161 id: thethinker-232 author: Hussain Savant title: Mohamed Enver Surty’s In Pursuit of Dignity date: 2020-03-11 words: 1601 flesch: 56 summary: Whereas the writer of fiction often transmutes his personal experiences into stories, the writer of autobiography sometimes inevitably transmutes his stories into personal experiences, although this is not true in Surty’s case. In the chapter entitled “Human Dignity as a Pre-eminent value”, we learn that it was the late Dullah Omar who recommended the inclusion of “dignity” in the Constitution, and that it was Surty who advised that “…it would best serve as an overarching value over all rights. keywords: book; dignity; government; surty cache: thethinker-232.pdf plain text: thethinker-232.txt item: #61 of 161 id: thethinker-2352 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors to this edition date: 2023-02-17 words: 1092 flesch: 47 summary: She is internationally recognised for her work on  South Af rica’s nuclear weapons program and the politics of the Cold War in Southern Af rica. Her current research focuses on the emerging interdisciplinary field called ‘digital migration studies’ in South Af rica. keywords: rica; south; university cache: thethinker-2352.pdf plain text: thethinker-2352.txt item: #62 of 161 id: thethinker-2353 author: Botha, Sven title: Reinvigorating South Africa-Sweden Relations: Politics, Economics, And Society date: 2023-02-17 words: 1511 flesch: 44 summary: This project was jointly hosted by the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Johannesburg, the SASUF network, and the Embassy of Sweden in South Af rica with a triangular objective: to foster closer ties between South Af rican and Swedish students, to foster closer ties between South Af rican and Swedish academics, and to create awareness for contemporary South Af rica-Sweden Relations. The bilateral relationship between South Af rica and Sweden has grown since the former’s transition to democracy on the 27th of April 1994. keywords: relations; rica; south; sweden cache: thethinker-2353.pdf plain text: thethinker-2353.txt item: #63 of 161 id: thethinker-2354 author: Juholt, Håkan title: South Africa and Sweden: A Story of Solidarity, Trust, and Shared Common Values date: 2023-02-17 words: 3480 flesch: 58 summary: I see their eyes telling me the story of a unique relationship between South Af rica and Sweden, one of trust and shared common values. Sweden was at that stage an industrialised, prosperous, and stable country with many years of economic growth and progress, while South Af rica was a repressive apartheid state where the people suffered. keywords: apartheid; rica; rom; south; support; sweden; swedish cache: thethinker-2354.pdf plain text: thethinker-2354.txt item: #64 of 161 id: thethinker-2355 author: van Wyk, Anna-Mart title: Sweden Against Apartheid: A Historical Overview date: 2023-02-17 words: 9957 flesch: 54 summary: Building on this early campaign, the SFS succeeded in influencing the Swedish Social Democratic government through active lobbying, resulting in Foreign Minister Östen Undén bringing the matter of apartheid to the attention of the UNGA in 1959, with specific reference to the ‘worsening situation’ of non-white students in South Af rica (Sellström, 1999: 98). Between 1939 to 1956, Helander regularly informed the Swedish public about the situation in South Af rica. keywords: af rica; anc; apartheid; liberation; movements; nations; palme; r e; reddy; rica; south; south af; sweden; swedish; trade; united cache: thethinker-2355.pdf plain text: thethinker-2355.txt item: #65 of 161 id: thethinker-2356 author: Sternehäll, Tove title: Trust, Power, and Partnership: A Study of the Evolution of Sweden’s Bilateral Economic Partnership with Post-Apartheid South Africa date: 2023-02-17 words: 8994 flesch: 57 summary: Interviewee 2 discussed its aim as ‘to f ind a model to increase South Af rican exports to Sweden. The results are introduced by a section on Sweden’s initial ambitions in a liberated South Af rica before looking closer at Swedish aid and development cooperation in South Af rica, as well as Sweden’s trade and investment cooperation with South Af rica. keywords: af rica; apartheid; cooperation; ekn; interviewee; r e; relationship; rica; south; south af; sweden; swedish cache: thethinker-2356.pdf plain text: thethinker-2356.txt item: #66 of 161 id: thethinker-2357 author: Graham, Suzanne title: South Africa, Sweden, and Good International Citizenship date: 2023-02-17 words: 6531 flesch: 47 summary: South Af rica’s Archbishop Desmond Tutu referred to democratic South Af rica as a rainbow nation and the Republic has been lauded for its relatively peaceful transition to a democracy and its overcoming of its racist past (Everding, 2004). This article will explore the notion of GIC and its desirability, and applicability, in relation to South Af rica and Sweden. keywords: africa; countries; good; human; power; rica; rights; south; south af; states; sweden; world cache: thethinker-2357.pdf plain text: thethinker-2357.txt item: #67 of 161 id: thethinker-2358 author: Muvumba Sellström, Angela; Graham, Suzanne title: South Africa and Sweden in the UN Security Council date: 2023-02-17 words: 8448 flesch: 46 summary: On this basis, this article compares the objectives and actions of two recent non-permanent memberships – South Af rica and Sweden. The article presents South Af rica and Sweden’s conduct records on these themes and explores differences and similarities in approaches. keywords: af rica; council; e10; peace; rica; security; security council; south; south af; states; sweden; unsc; wps cache: thethinker-2358.pdf plain text: thethinker-2358.txt item: #68 of 161 id: thethinker-2359 author: van Wyk, Jo-Ansie title: South Africa: A Growing Embrace of Feminist Foreign Policy? date: 2023-02-17 words: 9246 flesch: 44 summary: Moreover, the rationale for this study is that Sweden’s normative entrepreneurship regarding feminist foreign policy is instructive and provides an analytical and practical f ramework to analyse and assess South Af rica’s declared domestic and international commitment to gender equality and women’s empowerment. The party has acknowledged that ‘discussions on the meaning of feminist foreign policy in theory and practice have also gained momentum across the world, including in South Af rica’ (ANC, 2022: 83). keywords: af rica; anc; country; feminist; foreign; gender; international; policy; practice; r e; rica; rights; south; south af; sweden; women cache: thethinker-2359.pdf plain text: thethinker-2359.txt item: #69 of 161 id: thethinker-2360 author: Rugunanan, Pragna; Meyers, Celine title: Exploring Sweden and South Africa’s Responses to Mass Migration during the Period 2015–2019 date: 2023-02-17 words: 6670 flesch: 43 summary: South Af rica is particularly attractive to neighbouring countries as a result of its status as the second ‘economic powerhouse in Af rica’ following Nigeria (STATS SA, 2021; Kamer, 2022), and as an economic hub in the southern Af rican region. A bilateral partnership was officially celebrated in 1999 and South Af rica has since remained one of Sweden’s strongest coalitions in Af rica (Sellström, 1999). keywords: africa; countries; country; family; health; migrants; migration; policy; refugees; rica; rom; south; sweden; women cache: thethinker-2360.pdf plain text: thethinker-2360.txt item: #70 of 161 id: thethinker-2361 author: Forsberg, Julia title: Swedish Foreign Policy, 1809-2019 date: 2023-02-17 words: 1118 flesch: 66 summary: Naturally, it covers foreign policy, but it also encompasses defence policy and the quaint neutrality policy. I would strongly recommend it, especially to anyone interested in Sweden, history, foreign policy, or the thing we call society in general. keywords: book; policy cache: thethinker-2361.pdf plain text: thethinker-2361.txt item: #71 of 161 id: thethinker-2517 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors date: 2023-06-05 words: 2060 flesch: 45 summary: She is a Trustee of Matla a Bana, a well-known NGO which campaigns against child rape and secondary abuse; she is also an advisory to TEARS Foundation with whom she is collaborating to publish the GBV victim profile report for South Af rica in 2023. He is a member of the Academy of Science of South Af rica and the Royal Society of South Af rica. keywords: johannesburg; research; rica; rom; south; sweden; university cache: thethinker-2517.pdf plain text: thethinker-2517.txt item: #72 of 161 id: thethinker-2518 author: Thapar-Björkert, Suruchi; Stevens, Marion; Eriksson, Åsa; Gondouin, Johanna title: Silences and Vulnerabilities: Sex Work and Gender- Based Violence in South Africa and Sweden date: 2023-06-05 words: 10505 flesch: 48 summary: Corroborating this and drawing on an ethnographic study with Swedish sex workers, Levy and Jakobsson (2014: 603) state: ‘Where the sex purchase law appears to be used to displace sex workers f rom public space, immigration legislation and trafficking rhetoric is used to displace migrant sex workers.’ Furthermore, f raming the selling of sex as violence rather than work may risk silencing causes for social justice by stripping sex workers of their agency and autonomy, while simultaneously casting them as victims. keywords: foreign; gender; health; model; policy; prostitution; purchase; r e; rica; rom; selling; services; sex; sex workers; south; south af; sweden; violence; women; work; workers cache: thethinker-2518.pdf plain text: thethinker-2518.txt item: #73 of 161 id: thethinker-2519 author: Botha, Sven; Bäckman Kartal, Helin title: The South Africa-Sweden University Forum (SASUF): An Exploration of Knowledge Diplomacy Within South Africa-Sweden Relations date: 2023-06-05 words: 7720 flesch: 39 summary: Figure 1: The interconnection between various diplomatic typologies (Source: The authors) South Af rica has been an ardent practitioner of science diplomacy. Additionally, South Af rica has played a leading role in the establishment of the Group of Earth Observations (GEO).5 The GEO was founded in 2005 following a call to action for the establishment of an internationally integrated earth observation system following the Republic’s hosting of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 (South Af rican Department of Science and Innovation, 2018). keywords: africa; diplomacy; education; knowledge; r e; research; sasuf; science; south; sweden; university cache: thethinker-2519.pdf plain text: thethinker-2519.txt item: #74 of 161 id: thethinker-2520 author: Dermineur, Elise M.; Kolanisi, Unathi title: Mutual Aid and Informal Finance: The Persistence of Stokvels date: 2023-06-05 words: 5467 flesch: 58 summary: Social norms incite stokvel members to follow the rules they agreed upon. We underline that the combination of shared social norms and high homophily encourage and sustain trust between stokvel members. keywords: banking; community; cooperation; members; norms; people; r e; south; stokvels cache: thethinker-2520.pdf plain text: thethinker-2520.txt item: #75 of 161 id: thethinker-2521 author: Richards, Heidi; Lipnizki, Frank title: Evaluation and Mapping of Sustainable Water and Wastewater Treatment with Membrane Processes in South Africa and Sweden date: 2023-06-05 words: 2929 flesch: 47 summary: J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 P E E R R E V I E W Table 1: Summary of membrane treatment plants in South Af rica in 2022. Another important step was the installation of membrane plants on the Swedish Baltic Sea islands Gotland and Öland. keywords: membrane; plant; south; technology; treatment; wastewater; water cache: thethinker-2521.pdf plain text: thethinker-2521.txt item: #76 of 161 id: thethinker-2522 author: Davis, Corné title: Exploring the Impact of Gender-Based Violence in South Africa: A Partnership Between the University of Johannesburg and Mid Sweden University date: 2023-06-05 words: 2308 flesch: 53 summary: A memorandum of agreement (MOA) was signed between UJ, Shared Value Af rica Initiative, and KPMG South Af rica to conduct research and to publish a new GBV report for South Af rica. Several interviews were held on television and radio channels and most of the major newspapers in South Af rica covered the event. keywords: gbv; prof; research; rica; south cache: thethinker-2522.pdf plain text: thethinker-2522.txt item: #77 of 161 id: thethinker-2523 author: Stiehler-Mulder, Beate; Tselepis, Thea title: “Re-Tale”: Proposing A Fifth Principle in The Sustainable Fashion Retail Story date: 2023-06-05 words: 6713 flesch: 46 summary: There are, however, differences in how developed, emerging, and developing nations view and implement sustainable fashion practices (Cao, Scudder and Dickson, 2017), as well as the aspects and level of importance assigned to different sustainability practices (Euromonitor, 2022a; Euromonitor, 2022b). In this paper, we offer a critical dialectical engagement with existing literature on sustainable fashion in the South African and Swedish contexts with the aim to present the story/tale of the application of principles of sustainability to support thinking and conversation about these important aspects. keywords: clothing; consumers; consumption; fashion; industry; market; practices; rica; rom; south; sustainability cache: thethinker-2523.pdf plain text: thethinker-2523.txt item: #78 of 161 id: thethinker-2524 author: Krausz Sjögren, Hedda; Hagström-Ståhl, Kristina title: The Promise of Cultural Diplomacy: Reflections on the Work of a Counsellor of Cultural Affairs date: 2023-06-05 words: 7168 flesch: 45 summary: 64 T H E T H I N K E R | J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 P E E R R E V I E W Abstract This article offers a reflection on the potentials of cultural diplomacy and cooperation, situating itself in the long-term relationship between South Af rica and Sweden as well as the specific context of the professional practice of Sweden’s first counsellor for cultural affairs in South Af rica, Hedda Krausz Sjögren. Sweden strongly supported the struggle for democracy in South Af rica during the apartheid period, keeping its own legation in Pretoria but upgrading relations to the ambassadorial level only in 1994. keywords: affairs; cultural; democracy; foreign; r e; r n; rica; rom; south; sweden; swedish cache: thethinker-2524.pdf plain text: thethinker-2524.txt item: #79 of 161 id: thethinker-2525 author: Rodny-Gumede, Ylva title: Hope Springs Eternal: The Image of South Africa in Swedish Media date: 2023-06-05 words: 5564 flesch: 53 summary: In terms of coverage of South Af rican politicians, the coverage of the rise and fall of Jacob Zuma (President of South Af rica f rom 2009 to 2018) has been less than positive. 75V o l u m e 9 5 / 2 0 2 3 | J o u r n a l I S S N : 2 0 7 5 2 4 5 8 Introduction When South Af rica is covered in the Swedish media, the focus is often on the history of South Af rica, the role of Sweden in the anti-apartheid movement and, in more recent years, the political and socio-economic landscape of post- apartheid South Af rica, marked by increased wealth gaps, social unrest, and corruption. keywords: af rica; apartheid; coverage; media; rica; south; south af; sweden; swedish cache: thethinker-2525.pdf plain text: thethinker-2525.txt item: #80 of 161 id: thethinker-2526 author: Hattar, Nora; Bækkevold, Kine M. title: South Africa-Nordic Relations: Exploring the Prospects for a Strategic Partnership date: 2023-06-05 words: 11444 flesch: 27 summary: Top commodities exported f rom the Nordics to South Af rica vary between the different Nordic countries and include machinery, electronics and technology, paper and paperboard, and different types of chemicals (Trading Economics, 2021f; 2021g; 2021h; 2021i; 2021j), at a total sum of approximately 1,75 billion US dollars in 2021 (UN COMTRADE, n.d.).10 South Af rica has highlighted the importance of positioning itself to become an integral player in the global economy and strives to attract sustainable investments to grow its economy (DIRCO, 2022a: 20). Climate change and environmental degradation is also identified as a global and national threat in South Af rica’s National Development Plan 2030, the South Af rican Climate Change Bill, and a white paper on South Af rica’s foreign policy (National Planning Commission, 2017: 33, 75; South Af rica Government, 2022: 2; South Af rica Government, 2011: 15). keywords: af rica; countries; democracy; denmark; foreign; government; interests; international; nordic; norway; partnership; peace; policy; r e; rica; security; south; south af; strategic; sweden cache: thethinker-2526.pdf plain text: thethinker-2526.txt item: #81 of 161 id: thethinker-2527 author: Botha, Sven title: South Africa-Sweden Relations: An Appraisal date: 2023-06-05 words: 6918 flesch: 15 summary: The application of the author’s analytical f ramework finds that while South Af rica and Sweden have made impressive progress in their relationship, particularly in the post-Apartheid setting (see Table 1), more can be done in the realms of social and political cooperation. South Africa-Sweden Relations As the introductory contribution for this double special issue has already noted, the literature on post-1994 bilateral relations between South Af rica and Sweden is “scant.” keywords: africa; agreement; cooperation; r e; relations; relationship; research; south; south af; south africa; states; sweden cache: thethinker-2527.pdf plain text: thethinker-2527.txt item: #82 of 161 id: thethinker-2528 author: Motsage, Lesego title: Gendered Institutions and Women's Political Representation in Africa date: 2023-06-05 words: 1238 flesch: 46 summary: A lot has been written about Af rica and Af rican women, but there is a need for Af ricans to write about themselves. Negative media coverage has also significantly impacted Af rican female political leaders, with women often receiving less favourable or more critical coverage than their male counterparts. keywords: rican; women cache: thethinker-2528.pdf plain text: thethinker-2528.txt item: #83 of 161 id: thethinker-288 author: Tapiwa Chagonda title: Covid-19 fully exposes Zimbabwe’s comatose economy date: 2020-06-01 words: 1189 flesch: 52 summary: The Covid-19 pandemic has left Zimbabwe Given the nation’s parlous health system, conventional wisdom would suggest that the country should go into a total lockdown in a bid to contain the spread of the virus. Zimbabwe’s fragile economy Zimbabwe has a broken economy which has been shrinking since 2000. keywords: covid-19; economy; lockdown; zimbabwe cache: thethinker-288.pdf plain text: thethinker-288.txt item: #84 of 161 id: thethinker-289 author: A.K. Segobye; A. Sall; E. Picard title: What Possible Futures for Africa Post-Covid-19? date: 2020-06-01 words: 6081 flesch: 48 summary: Such calls may have seemed outdated and unnecessary at a time when a number of Af rican countries were boasting high rates of growth and gearing up for joining the group of emerging economies between 2020 and 2035. The one measure taken by the AU, under the chairmanship of President Cyril Ramaphosa, has been the establishment of a four-member team whose mission is to mobilise resources for Af rican countries, including the rescheduling or cancellation of debt. keywords: af rica; continent; countries; covid-19; development; economic; health; pandemic; rican; rom; systems; term; world cache: thethinker-289.pdf plain text: thethinker-289.txt item: #85 of 161 id: thethinker-290 author: Steven Mufamadi; Mpho Ngoepe title: Tomorrow’s Medicine Today: Nanomedicine in the Fight against Covid-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 2014 flesch: 41 summary: Several Covid-19 vaccines and treatments are in development and clinical trial phases, including nanotechnology-based vaccines and therapies. When it comes to Covid-19 treatments and vaccine, nanomedicine promises to offer nano-enabled medicine products that are capable of neutralising viruses. keywords: covid-19; masks; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; vaccine; viruses cache: thethinker-290.pdf plain text: thethinker-290.txt item: #86 of 161 id: thethinker-291 author: Abejide Ade-Ibijola; Charis Harley title: Battling Covid-19 with Artificial Intelligence: What Will Work in Africa? date: 2020-06-01 words: 7118 flesch: 57 summary: We also discuss a number of current efforts in Af rican countries that suggest that AI is already being implemented in the fight against Covid-19 in Af rica. This solution can easily be developed and employed across Af rican countries with the limitation of reaching only major metropolitan areas, as Af rica has many remote and rural areas that will not be able to access such apps. keywords: af rica; countries; covid-19; data; drones; face; learning; rica; rom; spread; testing; world cache: thethinker-291.pdf plain text: thethinker-291.txt item: #87 of 161 id: thethinker-292 author: Katharina Gihring; Nickey Janse van Rensburg title: Reviving Decommissioned Ventilators How a Circular Economy Approach Can Assist in Tackling the South African Shortage of Ventilators during Covid-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 3182 flesch: 47 summary: Towards design strategies for circular medical products. In South Af rica, 3% of active cases need intensive care (Gerber, 2020), which is lower than the global average of 5% (WHO, 2020). keywords: covid-19; economy; healthcare; medical; refurbishment; rica; south; ventilators; waste cache: thethinker-292.pdf plain text: thethinker-292.txt item: #88 of 161 id: thethinker-293 author: Nasreen Jessani; Laurenz Langer; Carina van Rooyen; Ruth Stewart title: EVIDENCE FOR DECISIONS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19: Eyes on Africa date: 2020-06-01 words: 2834 flesch: 50 summary: It is thanks to the long-term commitment to partnerships f rom evidence leaders in Af rica (see Af rica Evidence Network, 2020b) that these networks were already in place prior to Covid-19, with established relationships and trust enabling Af rican solidarity to translate into evidence solidarity for crisis response. T H E T H I N K E R45 As Covid-19 sweeps across the globe, one of the biggest questions in many minds is ‘how will this crisis affect Af rica?’ (Nyenswah, 2020; Pillay, 2020; Wood, 2020; World Bank, 2020a). keywords: covid-19; decision; evidence; health; pandemic; response; rica cache: thethinker-293.pdf plain text: thethinker-293.txt item: #89 of 161 id: thethinker-294 author: Dawie de Villiers title: The Roles of New Technology and the Law in the Fight Against Covid-19 date: 2020-06-01 words: 5416 flesch: 52 summary: These restrict not only f reedom of movement, but also many other rights, including access to medical treatment (not only Covid-19 related), as well as the right to food, water, education and relaxation. These include the licensing of medical practitioners, the determination of delictual liability, and the role of human rights in monitoring relationships. keywords: covid-19; health; law; privacy; public; rica; rights; robots; south; technology; telemedicine cache: thethinker-294.pdf plain text: thethinker-294.txt item: #90 of 161 id: thethinker-295 author: Anton M. Pillay title: The Rise of in the Time of Covid-19 Machiavellian Realism date: 2020-06-01 words: 2415 flesch: 61 summary: To Hans Morgenthau, the contemporary architect of realism, the analogy of state behaviour to human nature is that states seek power and dominance at all costs. South Af rica backed up its vision not only with words but also with ‘duty’, becoming a respected peacemaker and conflict mediator, as many states recovering f rom war sought its guidance in the field of truth and reconciliation. keywords: covid-19; hobbes; kant; realism; rica; south; states cache: thethinker-295.pdf plain text: thethinker-295.txt item: #91 of 161 id: thethinker-296 author: Kalo Makaloba title: The Reverberations of the Covid-19-Hit International Diamond Market on Botswana date: 2020-06-01 words: 2680 flesch: 58 summary: I N K E R61 A semi-desert country in southern Af rica, Botswana has historically never had any economic significance – a narrative supported by how the country became a British protectorate in 1885, as opposed to the normal trend at the time of being forced into becoming a colony. Shortly into her independence, Botswana discovered diamonds, which went on to become the propeller of the country’s economy – helping her to transition f rom being one of the world’s poorest countries to an upper-middle-income country by the late 1990s, a status shared with only a few other Af rican countries (Lock, 2019; Jefferis, 1998). keywords: botswana; country; covid-19; diamonds; economy; government; revenue cache: thethinker-296.pdf plain text: thethinker-296.txt item: #92 of 161 id: thethinker-297 author: Shahana Rasool title: The ongoing challenge of violence against women and children in South Africa. Why are we deeper in crisis? date: 2020-06-01 words: 2996 flesch: 50 summary: Other women who can guide, support, and assist a survivor through the reporting and court process are critical in this difficult process. Nevertheless, for many women accessing help because of the lockdown, is made more difficult because of confinement with the perpetrator. keywords: children; gbv; help; survivors; violence; women cache: thethinker-297.pdf plain text: thethinker-297.txt item: #93 of 161 id: thethinker-298 author: Thulani Andrew Chauke; Rachel Chinyakata title: The Effects of the Covid-19 Outbreak on the Positive Development of Young People in Malamulele, South Africa date: 2020-06-01 words: 4138 flesch: 54 summary: The nationwide lockdown is affecting the social and religious development of young people, as many young people cannot socialise or attend religious gatherings, consequently leading to the deprivation of their holistic development. Due to limited employment opportunities, many young people resort to informal trading and small businesses (Duncan et al., 2019). keywords: covid-19; development; pandemic; people; rica; rom; study; youth cache: thethinker-298.pdf plain text: thethinker-298.txt item: #94 of 161 id: thethinker-299 author: Thakaramahlaha Lehohla; Pule Kholopane title: The Impact of Covid-19 on the Level of Productivity and Industrial Development in South Africa date: 2020-06-01 words: 2685 flesch: 43 summary: As a result, credit rating agencies have downgraded South Af rica, reducing investor confidence and the possibility of positive growth. It is projected that manufacturing in South Af rica will regress to 42.60 points by the end of this quarter, according to Trading Economics global macro models and analysts’ expectations. keywords: covid-19; development; industrial; manufacturing; rica; south cache: thethinker-299.pdf plain text: thethinker-299.txt item: #95 of 161 id: thethinker-300 author: Declan Kearney title: EXITING THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN: Economic Interests Must Not Take Primacy over Public Health date: 2020-06-01 words: 1674 flesch: 54 summary: In the meantime, however, strong and united leadership across society which asserts the primacy of public health over all other priorities and political agendas is required in the fightback against Covid-19.  T H E T H I N K E R83 OUTSIDE AFRICA but that must not take place separate to, or in isolation f rom, a strategic debate about the future of public health. keywords: covid-19; health; ireland; pandemic cache: thethinker-300.pdf plain text: thethinker-300.txt item: #96 of 161 id: thethinker-301 author: William D. Slicker title: Covid-19 Anti-lockdown Rallies: A View from America date: 2020-06-01 words: 1790 flesch: 68 summary: Huffington Press Ohio Hudson April 18 ? Oklahoma Oklahoma City April 15 Hundreds of cars Politico, The Oklahoman Oregon Salem April 17 Dozens Washington Post Germany Berlin Berlin Berlin Stuttgart April 18 April 25 May 2 May 2 500 1000 300 5000 Vice The Telegraph SBS News SBS News Poland Zgorzelec April 24 400 Reuters Russia Vladikavkaz April 20 500-1500 keywords: april; city; covid-19; lockdown; news; people; rallies; times; world cache: thethinker-301.pdf plain text: thethinker-301.txt item: #97 of 161 id: thethinker-302 author: Prof Ronit Frenkel title: Contributors to Issue 84 date: 2020-06-01 words: 7676 flesch: 41 summary: Prof Ronit Frenkel CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION – All contributing analysts write in their personal capacity Abejide Ade-Ibijola holds a PhD in Computer Science (Artificial Intelligence) from the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Tapiwa Chagonda, DLitt et Phil (Sociology), is an Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. keywords: africa; development; evidence; johannesburg; management; research; south; south africa; technology; university cache: thethinker-302.pdf plain text: thethinker-302.txt item: #98 of 161 id: thethinker-353 author: Maria Frahm-Arp title: Why at the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution do we see a rise in cult-type Pentecostal churches in South Africa? date: 2019-10-01 words: 4213 flesch: 60 summary: While abusing people, putting their lives in danger and teaching them that further impoverishing themselves by giving all they have to the church in order to experience a miracle, goes against the teaching of Christ, these cult-type churches highlight the desperation and alienation that many people feel at the beginning of this Fourth Industrial/Knowledge Revolution. Places like Los Angeles in the early 1900s teemed with poor, dispossessed people who streamed to large cities in the hope of finding work. keywords: africa; church; churches; information; knowledge; new; people; revolution; south; world cache: thethinker-353.pdf plain text: thethinker-353.txt item: #99 of 161 id: thethinker-354 author: Abel Matheba title: A beginner’s guide to the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Africa: By Abel Matheba and Debates date: 2019-10-01 words: 1998 flesch: 58 summary: Is China Recolonising Africa? Shaping Africa for the 4IR African leaders today have to be careful when it comes to working with other nations in the wake of the 4IR - that is, if they want to lead the continent into a better position, where it could be a globally competitive continent and have no other nations colonizing it again in any form. keywords: africa; change; continent; revolution cache: thethinker-354.pdf plain text: thethinker-354.txt item: #100 of 161 id: thethinker-355 author: Steven Mufamadi; Zamanzima Mazibuko title: The Convergence of Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Cancer Medicine in the Fourth Industrial Revolution date: 2019-10-01 words: 1243 flesch: 28 summary: The use of nanoparticles to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool holds promise for cancer treatment by deleting and/or editing the defective genes that cause cancer. This means better cancer treatments, less medications and lower costs. keywords: biotechnology; cancer; convergence; nanotechnology cache: thethinker-355.pdf plain text: thethinker-355.txt item: #101 of 161 id: thethinker-358 author: Alex Broadbent title: Talking responsibly about medicine in the Fourth Industrial Revolution date: 2019-10-01 words: 4157 flesch: 62 summary: And artificial intelligence, machine learning, “Big Data algorithms”, “biometric sensors”, and so forth do not change the situation of medicine. This is how machine learning can really advance medicine. keywords: broadbent; data; future; kahneman; learning; machine; medicine cache: thethinker-358.pdf plain text: thethinker-358.txt item: #102 of 161 id: thethinker-359 author: Carolyn Pedwell title: Algorithms, Intuition and Networked Activism date: 2019-10-01 words: 6552 flesch: 43 summary: This occurs in a context in which associations between digital media, capitalist colonization and political disaffection have become automatic and smart phones and social media are widely assumed to be detrimental to young people’s subjectivity. In Thumbelina (2015), for example, the late French philosopher and media theorist Michel Serres argues that millennials are not only the first generation to experience the internet and related forms of digital media in their adolescence, they have also been comprehensively ‘[re]-formatted by the media’, and, thus, ‘no longer have the same body or behavior’ as previous generations (2015: 5-6). keywords: 2015; 2017; algorithmic; digital; forms; intuition; media; movements; new; politics; serres; technologies; thought; thumbelina cache: thethinker-359.pdf plain text: thethinker-359.txt item: #103 of 161 id: thethinker-371 author: Pier Paolo Frassinelli; Lisa Treffry-Goatley title: Digital media, literacies and African literature date: 2019-10-01 words: 3301 flesch: 53 summary: Even so, despite unequal access to digital technologies, and despite the current constraints on digital connectedness in Africa, digital media can and do play a significant role in promoting reading practices and cultures across the African continent, in a multiplicity of African languages. African digital literary networks are largely middle-class and elite spaces. keywords: africa; language; literature; media; new; reading; storybooks; writing; written cache: thethinker-371.pdf plain text: thethinker-371.txt item: #104 of 161 id: thethinker-372 author: Dominic Pretorius title: Wikipedia and archival problems: A Derridean impression date: 2019-10-01 words: 3745 flesch: 54 summary: And second?” It is easy to lose sight of the underpinnings of Wikipedia content, because it is on the internet, which is still a strange virtual world, and cannot be thought simply as a place in which an archive is stored and protected. Reading Wikipedia seems a common, natural, and politically neutral research method. keywords: archive; derrida; future; internet; knowledge; people; power; prabhala; wikipedia cache: thethinker-372.pdf plain text: thethinker-372.txt item: #105 of 161 id: thethinker-373 author: Asher Austen Fainman title: The problem with Opaque AI date: 2019-10-01 words: 8674 flesch: 43 summary: However, an influential study argued that “relevant attributes”, such as 5 Adversarial networks can be used to make models more robust against outliers, but they can also be used to deliberately disrupt the functionality of OAI models. Non-OAI decision aides in medicine are generally considered to “augment the physician’s existing knowledge by providing further information” (Miller and Miller, 2007: 433). keywords: artificial; data; decision; instance; intent; interpretability; law; learning; liability; making; methods; model; oai; risk; tests cache: thethinker-373.pdf plain text: thethinker-373.txt item: #106 of 161 id: thethinker-374 author: Ylva Rodny-Gumede title: The Fourth Industrial Revolution, the changing world of work and imperatives of internationalisation in higher education date: 2019-10-01 words: 2890 flesch: 36 summary: However, with the continuous growth in the number of international students seeking access to South African higher education institutions in the past two decades and the concomitant need for management of the internationalisation process at higher education institutions in the country (cf. Rouhani, 2007), internationalisation has become a priority of government, as well as many institutions of higher education in South Africa. Universities, with regards to 4IR, will need to undertake projects aimed at international collaboration between higher education institutions and the private sector, through shared research and development, projects aimed at fostering and developing innovation and entrepreneurship, and the hosting of student projects and internships for example in the private sector. keywords: 4ir; africa; education; internationalisation; research; south cache: thethinker-374.pdf plain text: thethinker-374.txt item: #107 of 161 id: thethinker-375 author: Francis Onditi; Shadrack Mulei Kithiia title: Why most African states may be at war with each other in 2063 date: 2019-10-01 words: 3376 flesch: 58 summary: Unfortunately, this violent behaviour against people of African descent is a further reason for war between South Africa and other African states. War and conflict seem inevitable, especially considering the apparent inability of nations to put strategies in place to decrease risks and effects of war. keywords: african; agenda; conflict; south; states; war; years cache: thethinker-375.pdf plain text: thethinker-375.txt item: #108 of 161 id: thethinker-376 author: Ashraf Jamal title: SIX ASIDES ON ART & LIES date: 2019-10-01 words: 8503 flesch: 60 summary: In so doing, we come to foster a vision of black experience and black art as merely a reactive decree, and, thereby, deny it its richer complexity. It is this vacuity which we find spoken all about, a vacuity which shapes and informs so much talk of African art today. keywords: africa; art; artist; black; body; lies; nietzsche; problem; realm; reason; south; truth; world; young cache: thethinker-376.pdf plain text: thethinker-376.txt item: #109 of 161 id: thethinker-377 author: Prof Ronit Frenkel title: CONTRIBUTORS date: 2019-10-01 words: 1279 flesch: 46 summary: Prof Frahm-Arp has taught at Wits University and St Augustine College of South Africa and is an Anglican (Episcopalian) minister. The Journal for Progressive Thought www.thethinker.co.za Publisher English Department University of Johannesburg Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, Johannesburg Tel:+27 11 559 2553 Editor Prof Ronit Frenkel editor@thethinker.co.za Design & Art Direction Liesel van der Schyf liesel@vdsdesign.co.za Tel:+27 82 336 7537 Advisory Council Dr Ademola Araoye (Nigeria), Professor Puleng Lenka Bula (South Africa), Dr Faisal Devji (Tanzania), Professor Chris Landsberg (South Africa), Professor Tshilidzi Marwala (South Africa), Professor Sabelo J Ndlovu-Gatsheni (Zimbabwe), Dr Morley Nkosi (South Africa), Dr Francis Onditi (Kenya) keywords: africa; editor; johannesburg; professor; south; university cache: thethinker-377.pdf plain text: thethinker-377.txt item: #110 of 161 id: thethinker-378 author: Tshilidzi Ratshitanga title: New Cities New Economies: South Africa and Africa’s Grand Plan, A Pan-African Economic Revolution date: 2020-10-01 words: 8338 flesch: 50 summary: To continue its economic revolution while realising its New Cities New Economies policies within its shores, South Africa should also aim to become a partner for the building of such cities and economies in countries across the continent – in Egypt, Tanzania, Rwanda, Morocco, Nigeria, and others – some of which are already building their own new cities. I N K E R NEW CITIES NEW ECONOMIES To continue its economic revolution while realising its New Cities New Economies policies within its shores, South Africa should also aim to become a partner for the building of such cities and economies in countries across the continent – in Egypt, Tanzania, Rwanda, Morocco, Nigeria, and others – some of which are already building their own new cities. keywords: africa; apartheid; cities; commission; country; development; economic; economies; land; new; people; south; south africa; urban cache: thethinker-378.pdf plain text: thethinker-378.txt item: #111 of 161 id: thethinker-379 author: John M. Wambui title: A Cosmopolitan Ghetto: The Shifting Image of Kibera Slum From ‘Flying Toilets’ to a Centre for Metropolitan Innovation date: 2020-10-01 words: 7970 flesch: 55 summary: The precariousness of urban slums, as highlighted by the growing body of research on urban poverty, offers the image of slums as a globalised allegory of failed modernisation, especially in the Global South. This observation was particularly important because it highlighted a common policy fallacy that housing is the primary problem in urban slums and that the solution to the challenges faced by slum dwellers is therefore to relocate them to better residential areas. keywords: cities; community; development; e t; economies; kibera; new; people; residents; rom; slums; social; urban cache: thethinker-379.pdf plain text: thethinker-379.txt item: #112 of 161 id: thethinker-380 author: Melissa Levin title: Johannesburg, Ontario: Street Naming Strategies and the Decolonised City to Com date: 2020-10-01 words: 6148 flesch: 52 summary: Street names, according to Maoz Azaryahu (1997: 311) have been understudied by social scientists ‘in their studies of the structures of authority and the legitimation of power’ since they are ‘ostensibly visible, quintessentially mundane, and seemingly obvious’. However, Light argues that street names can be ‘significant expressions of national identity with a powerful symbolic importance’ (2004: 154). keywords: af rica; apartheid; cities; city; names; national; new; rica; south; south af; state; street cache: thethinker-380.pdf plain text: thethinker-380.txt item: #113 of 161 id: thethinker-381 author: Zeph Nhleko title: Financing Infrastructure for New Economies in the Context of Dislocated Markets date: 2020-10-01 words: 3120 flesch: 46 summary: The emphasis is on financing the creation of new inf rastructure for these spatial localities, which should be situated within municipality boundaries in South Af rica. Concessional funding There are a number of global concessional funds that have been established to support sustainable inf rastructure development. keywords: cities; development; dfis; economies; inf; market; new; rastructure; south cache: thethinker-381.pdf plain text: thethinker-381.txt item: #114 of 161 id: thethinker-382 author: Clinton Aigbavboa; Wellington Twala title: A Bibliometric Analysis and Visual Review of Housing Policy Framework Development Research date: 2020-10-01 words: 5865 flesch: 52 summary: However, no studies exist that have scientometrically analysed and visualised the developments of housing policy specifically. Housing policy is a guideline comprised of systems of courses of action, regulatory measures, laws and funding priorities provided by government through the negotiation of various bodies in a country as put together by the government. keywords: analysis; development; housing; housing policy; journal; keywords; new; policy; ramework; research; south; urban cache: thethinker-382.pdf plain text: thethinker-382.txt item: #115 of 161 id: thethinker-383 author: Leland Ware title: Before and After Segregation and Apartheid: A Comparative Analysis date: 2020-10-01 words: 7368 flesch: 65 summary: In South Af rica, Black people and other non-white groups stepped up their opposition to apartheid in the 1950s. By the 1950s, the combined areas of the reserves represented 13% of the total land area of South Af rica, while Black people made up at least 75% of the total population. keywords: af rica; apartheid; cities; government; income; new; people; proportion; rica; rom; segregation; south; south af; white; years cache: thethinker-383.pdf plain text: thethinker-383.txt item: #116 of 161 id: thethinker-384 author: Mongane Serote title: Basic Income Grant, Communities, Indigenous Knowledge Systems – Imagining the New South African Society date: 2020-10-01 words: 6024 flesch: 46 summary: Very quickly, the combined teaching of Af rican languages and technology must be instituted, through a drill and practice method, which can contribute to the minimisation of illiteracy in villages and townships as also it becomes the non-racialisation of Pan Af ricanism. Af rican languages on the continent, rather than 2,000 (Kwesi Prah-Sala Language Seminar, 2018). keywords: communities; culture; food; iks; nation; people; rican; rom; south cache: thethinker-384.pdf plain text: thethinker-384.txt item: #117 of 161 id: thethinker-385 author: Various Authors title: COVID-19 Lockdown Time Capsule of South Africa, April 2020 date: 2020-10-01 words: 10881 flesch: 53 summary: It is in these conditions that South Af rica announced its intention to use location data: a move that has triggered privacy concerns. So in other words, South Af rica announced its intention to use location data in the fight against Covid-19 in a context where metadata oversight and controls were already weak. keywords: archive; covid-19; data; government; health; judge; location; location data; pandemic; people; regulations; rica; rom; south; south af; state; time; use; virus cache: thethinker-385.pdf plain text: thethinker-385.txt item: #118 of 161 id: thethinker-387 author: Prof Ronit Frenkel title: CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS EDITION date: 2020-10-01 words: 2280 flesch: 46 summary: He is a writer of a number of novels, poetry collections, essays and plays, and has been awarded national and international awards in this regard, including the Inkamanga in Silver, by President Thabo Mbeki, the Pablo Neruda award, by the Chilean President, the Ingrid Jonker award for poetry, the Noma award for writing in Af rica, the English medal for contributing in writing in Southern Af rica, the Presidential award by the Black Management forum, the BBQ statesman award, the Department of Arts and Culture life time achievement award, the International Golden Wreath for poetry in Strugga Macedonia; he was awarded the Alexandra icon award and the Pan South Af rican Language Board Award for contributing to the development and promotion of Af rican languages in South Af rica. He has initiated and spearheaded discussions at a national level for the creation of medicinal plant gardens in the 9 provinces of South Af rica, and spearheaded the cleansing, healing, and return of spirits rituals and ceremonies in Southern Af rica and the USA. keywords: construction; department; development; johannesburg; professor; rica; south; university cache: thethinker-387.pdf plain text: thethinker-387.txt item: #119 of 161 id: thethinker-445 author: Letlhokwa George Mpedi title: Racists Beware: Some Labour Law Perspectives on Racism in the Workplace date: 2021-02-26 words: 4628 flesch: 54 summary: As aptly articulated by the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance (adopted on 8 September 2001): ‘racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, where they amount to racism and racial discrimination, constitute serious violations of and obstacles to the full enjoyment of all human rights and deny the self- evident truth that all human beings are born f ree and equal in dignity and rights, are an obstacle to f riendly and peaceful relations among peoples and nations, and are among the root causes of many internal and international conflicts’. Abstract This contribution reflects on racism within the workplace keywords: act; constitution; dismissal; employee; labour; racism; south; workplace cache: thethinker-445.pdf plain text: thethinker-445.txt item: #120 of 161 id: thethinker-446 author: Hull, George title: Race, racialisation and colour-caste: Neville Alexander's contribution to the philosophy of race date: 2021-02-26 words: 7764 flesch: 59 summary: But equally, if it were true that people’s thinking and acting as though there were races produced races, the races produced would have to be races in the very sense in which people thought of races. This applies particularly in relation to efforts by South Af rican institutions to redress historical injustices inspired or rationalised by race thinking. keywords: africa; alexander; groups; kies; movement; non; people; race; racialisation; sense; south; thinking; unity cache: thethinker-446.pdf plain text: thethinker-446.txt item: #121 of 161 id: thethinker-447 author: Kyla Hazell title: How do we Live and Lose Together? date: 2021-02-26 words: 4936 flesch: 46 summary: As noted at the outset, Butler argues that the unequal distribution is possible because certain people are excluded f rom the dominant understanding of full humanity. For Maldonado- Torres (2007: 247), as for Butler, casting doubt upon humanity justifies the injustices committed against certain peoples by normalising and radicalising their heightened vulnerability. keywords: butler; elimination; grief; life; people; politics; rom; ungrievability; vulnerability; work cache: thethinker-447.pdf plain text: thethinker-447.txt item: #122 of 161 id: thethinker-448 author: Dilraj, Isha title: Race, transformation and education as contradictions in a neoliberal South Africa date: 2021-02-26 words: 7907 flesch: 44 summary: Abstract In navigating the complexities of race and inequality in South Af rican society, shadowed by colonialism and apartheid, the term transformation has gained traction as the mantra for growth, retribution, education reform, and economic and societal prosperity. In this article, I focus on race as a construct and its deep-rooted significance in South Af rican society, by dissecting conceptualisations of race as a signifier and symbolic, as a structure of division and marker of exclusion, and as a construct of power. keywords: education; need; new; power; race; racism; rican; rom; society; south; transformation; world cache: thethinker-448.pdf plain text: thethinker-448.txt item: #123 of 161 id: thethinker-450 author: Misbach, A.W. title: The Publishing Race: a debate date: 2021-02-26 words: 8109 flesch: 59 summary: Pan Macmillan South Af rica should ask Ms Snyckers and Dr Moffett why they think it is acceptable to single out (or ghettoise) and then render invisible and nameless Muslim women in relation to White women and the feminist Lucy Lurie. Ms Morris, what I am essentially arguing here is that Ms Snyckers and Pan Macmillan South Af rica are appearing to indulge in a discredited ideology under the guise of progressive liberalism. keywords: black; coetzee; disgrace; lacuna; macmillan; novel; professor; rom; snyckers; soraya; white; women; work cache: thethinker-450.pdf plain text: thethinker-450.txt item: #124 of 161 id: thethinker-451 author: Princewill, Tamunodein title: Defining persistent xenophobic behaviour in South Africa as a case of internalised colonialism date: 2021-02-26 words: 6950 flesch: 49 summary: This paper identifies the detrimental legacy caused by prioritising de jure citizenship during the apartheid regime in modern-day South Af rica, and how this manifests in the behaviour of Black South Af ricans towards Black immigrant groupings and other non- Black South Af ricans. It can be stated that the reason for xenophobic behaviour towards refugees and asylum seekers is rooted in the manner in which Black South Af ricans experienced unhumanitarian narratives attached to their denied citizenship during apartheid South Af rica. keywords: af ricans; black; citizenship; groupings; idea; immigrant; south; south af; state cache: thethinker-451.pdf plain text: thethinker-451.txt item: #125 of 161 id: thethinker-452 author: Tjihenuna, Gerson Uaripi title: Casting the George Floyd story in a broader context date: 2021-02-26 words: 2279 flesch: 63 summary: To answer that question, we need a brief reflection on Pan Af rikanism. Pan Afrikanism and Self-Definition A few years back, before I started to pay serious attention to the Pan Af rikan cause, I used to think that Pan Af rikanism was just a pastime, a form of intellectual romanticism. keywords: floyd; pan; police; trump; white cache: thethinker-452.pdf plain text: thethinker-452.txt item: #126 of 161 id: thethinker-453 author: Sunjo, Tata Emmanuel title: George Floyd, bad governance, and the silent violations of African human rights date: 2021-02-26 words: 2826 flesch: 47 summary: Before the majority of Af rican countries gained independence in the second half of the 20th century, most of the blame for the continent’s underdevelopment was attributed to the cruel slave trades and to European colonialism. While the massive and largely peaceful protests in the US and around the globe in response to Floyd’s death advocated for serious structural reforms, Af rican countries in particular require fundamental institutional reforms that will address governance crevices in a bid to propel and sustain socio-economic developments that will improve human dignity in general and Black Af rican lives in particular. keywords: continent; countries; floyd; governance; rican; rights cache: thethinker-453.pdf plain text: thethinker-453.txt item: #127 of 161 id: thethinker-454 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors date: 2021-02-27 words: 1422 flesch: 44 summary: Isha has worked in the higher education sector in South Af rica where she engaged in administration and planning, project management, staff-and- student development, system development, and observing policy formulation and implementation. He is currently studying towards a PhD at Stellenbosch University, with a focus on racism, Islamophobia, and socio- economic and political debates in South Af rica and the Arab world. keywords: education; law; philosophy; professor; south; university cache: thethinker-454.pdf plain text: thethinker-454.txt item: #128 of 161 id: thethinker-457 author: Motaung, Tlhabane Mokhine ‘Dan’ title: The historical roots of post-apartheid intra-working-class racism date: 2021-02-27 words: 7079 flesch: 46 summary: In the case of South Af rica, it can be understood as a sanctified racial category in which British colonialism and apartheid placed white people. British Segregation and Racial Capitalism, 1910–1948 A closer look at the history of South Af rica reveals intense intra-class animosities preceding but congealing into clearly discernible form in the period after the South Af rican War of 1899–1902 (also widely known as the Anglo-Boer War). keywords: apartheid; black; class; history; labour; racial; rica; south; south af; state; white; working cache: thethinker-457.pdf plain text: thethinker-457.txt item: #129 of 161 id: thethinker-527 author: Ashraf Jamal title: The Necessary Accidental date: 2021-06-10 words: 6446 flesch: 68 summary: In ‘The Body Drawn and Quartered’ (1999), Kentridge shifts f rom pentimenti to sonar, X-ray, MRI, and CAT-scan. This has always been Kentridge’s approach – his animated works are exercises in a deconstructive erasure. keywords: art; artist; kentridge; making; nietzsche; peer; rom; south; wagner; work; world cache: thethinker-527.pdf plain text: thethinker-527.txt item: #130 of 161 id: thethinker-528 author: Iqra Raza title: I (Don’t) See You: Absence, Omissions, and Spectrality in the Works of Ishtiyaq Shukri date: 2021-06-10 words: 6300 flesch: 62 summary: On a dark night, as he sits in Baghdad Café, watching images f rom Guantanamo and war-torn Iraq being projected onto the screen, Issa – as a History student conducting research on colonial violence in the Cape Colony – recognises the historical pattern of neo- colonial violence, and quietly ‘slip(s) through the door into a dawn that is beginning to illuminate the devastation wrought by the violent night’ (Shukri, 2004: 48). Shukri draws the reader’s attention to Issa’s absence f rom within the text by italicising his dialogues, which bring his absence to the fore by pointing to the fact that they do not exist within the linguistic registers of the novel’s world. keywords: absence; derrida; history; issa; minaret; mourning; rom; shukri; tariq; violence; war cache: thethinker-528.pdf plain text: thethinker-528.txt item: #131 of 161 id: thethinker-529 author: Thulani Andrew Chauke title: Entrepreneurship Development Among Black Youths in South Africa: A Choice or Neccesity? date: 2021-06-10 words: 6438 flesch: 56 summary: Furthermore, Black youths recognise that informal trading suffered severely during Covid-19, and that the government needs to channel more funding into supporting Black youth enterprises. On the other hand, younger youth in their early 20s start their own businesses because of the fiscal crisis, which makes it difficult for them to secure employment. keywords: black; business; development; district; economic; entrepreneurship; people; rica; study; venture; youth cache: thethinker-529.pdf plain text: thethinker-529.txt item: #132 of 161 id: thethinker-530 author: Candice Harrison-Train; Carmel Marock; Sally Field title: ‘What’s Your Story?’ Building Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion date: 2021-06-10 words: 2747 flesch: 48 summary: An external evaluation of the programme used a mix of qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods to assess WYS implementation in church communities and workplaces. Does WYS Work? Singizi Consulting Af rica conducted an external evaluation to assess WYS implementation in churches and workplaces. keywords: diversity; inclusion; people; sharing; story; wys cache: thethinker-530.pdf plain text: thethinker-530.txt item: #133 of 161 id: thethinker-531 author: Lusanda Batala title: Global, Continental, and Regional Development Agendas – What Does It Mean to Domesticate or Localise These? date: 2021-06-10 words: 2346 flesch: 35 summary: The Origins of Global Sustainable Development The focus on global sustainable development by the United Nations can be traced back to 1987 when the World Commission on Environment and Development was tasked by the UN General Assembly to come up with a global agenda for change. The task entailed the following: • A proposal on long-term environmental strategies for achieving sustainable development by the year 2000 and beyond; • Recommendations for greater co-operation among developing countries, and between countries at different stages of economic and social development, for the achievement of common and mutually supportive objectives that take account of the interrelationships between people, resources, environment, and development; • Ways in which the international community can deal more effectively with environmental concerns; and • Definitions of shared perceptions of long-term environmental issues and the appropriate efforts needed to deal successfully with the problems of protecting and enhancing the environment, a long-term agenda for action during the coming decades, and aspirational goals for the world community. keywords: agendas; continental; development; goal; plan cache: thethinker-531.pdf plain text: thethinker-531.txt item: #134 of 161 id: thethinker-532 author: John Boulard Forkuor; Charles Selorm Deku; Eric Agyemang title: The Dilemma of Vulnerable Groups During Lockdown: Implications for Social Work Education and Practice in Ghana date: 2021-06-10 words: 2661 flesch: 52 summary: Since the onset of Covid-19, however, I have had to question my beliefs, especially how we, as social workers in Ghana, have had to observe the intervention efforts f rom the sidelines. Consequently, we cannot, as social workers and educators, afford to ignore the workers in the 45 V o l u m e 8 6 / 2 0 2 1 OPINION informal economy any longer. keywords: economy; ghana; pandemic; practice; work; workers cache: thethinker-532.pdf plain text: thethinker-532.txt item: #135 of 161 id: thethinker-533 author: Edward Chikuni title: For Engineering to Champion Future Industrial Revolutions, It Must Look to the Past date: 2021-06-10 words: 2967 flesch: 64 summary: A class of engineers called civil engineers was formed, to distinguish themselves f rom military engineers. Outside of Norway, civil engineers today are more associated with construction. keywords: article; engineering; engineers; genius; period; rom; training; university cache: thethinker-533.pdf plain text: thethinker-533.txt item: #136 of 161 id: thethinker-534 author: Nkareng Klaas-Makolomakwe ; Tanusha Raniga title: A Critical Review of the Roles and Functions of Traditional Leaders date: 2021-06-10 words: 4950 flesch: 43 summary: The thinking that democracy must be praised for harmonising male primogeniture with equality in South Af rica (Chauke, 2015) stands to be disputed on the grounds of first regaining accurate pre-colonial Af rican lessons on how women were treated within the institution of traditional Af rican communities. Abstract The epitome of pre-colonial Af rican history and culture is embedded within the institution of traditional leadership. keywords: abuse; colonial; communities; governance; institution; leadership; rican; rom; south; traditional; women cache: thethinker-534.pdf plain text: thethinker-534.txt item: #137 of 161 id: thethinker-535 author: Kennedy Mahlatsi title: Achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In Africa: Challenges and Prospects date: 2021-06-10 words: 5308 flesch: 44 summary: Abstract The implication of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development is that Af rica’s structural transformation must be anchored by the principles of sustainable development. The article argues that neoliberalism undermines the ability of developing countries in achieving sustainable development because of its emphasis in promoting the interest of the market at the expense of social and environment development. keywords: agenda; countries; development; goals; growth; poverty; rica; sdgs; sustainable cache: thethinker-535.pdf plain text: thethinker-535.txt item: #138 of 161 id: thethinker-536 author: Leila Hall ; Andy Carolin title: Book Interview: Post-Apartheid Same-Sex Sexualities: Restless Identities in Literary and Visual Culture, by Andy Carolin date: 2021-06-10 words: 3548 flesch: 53 summary: By historicising this, I hope to show that the homophobia that we see in South Af rica today has a history of being deployed for ideologically expedient purposes. Popular histories in South Af rica have developed certain mythologies about 1996 that are ahistorical and that don’t map the longer cultural movements that are specific to South Af rica, but are also deeply tied to transnational histories of advocacy and identity. keywords: apartheid; book; race; rica; south cache: thethinker-536.pdf plain text: thethinker-536.txt item: #139 of 161 id: thethinker-537 author: Francis Onditi; Douglas Yates; Narnia Bohler-Muller title: New Book: Ideas and Actionable Steps for Scaling Africa’s Blue Economy Strategy date: 2021-06-10 words: 4038 flesch: 40 summary: The ‘expansionist’ policies and the politics of ‘containment’ are important considerations if Af rica were to develop a comprehensive f ramework of maritime diplomacy (Wilson, 2009), blue economy, and geopolitics. As aforementioned, militarism is at the core of the relationship between blue economy and maritime surveillance and enforcement requirements 79 V o keywords: blue; chapter; coastal; economy; hinterland; maritime; rica; rom; states cache: thethinker-537.pdf plain text: thethinker-537.txt item: #140 of 161 id: thethinker-538 author: Ronit Frenkel title: Contributing Authors date: 2021-06-10 words: 2042 flesch: 43 summary: He was recently enlisted as professor of research and distinguished author at the Institute of Intelligent Systems, University of Johannesburg, South Af rica. He is the 2019 recipient of the AISA Fellowship awarded by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), South Af rica. keywords: africa; development; professor; research; rica; south; studies; university cache: thethinker-538.pdf plain text: thethinker-538.txt item: #141 of 161 id: thethinker-597 author: Bhaso Ndzendze ; Gift Sonkqayi title: Introduction date: 2021-09-06 words: 1524 flesch: 55 summary: Introduction When we convened a workshop with several young scholars to work on diverse issues in 2018, we could not have foreseen the accentuation of the crises facing South Af rica and the continent. In addition to this, South Af rica is one of the most economically divided countries in the world, an issue which is further compounded by the race-class correlation which remains pronounced even after 23 years of political transformation. keywords: country; education; rica; south cache: thethinker-597.pdf plain text: thethinker-597.txt item: #142 of 161 id: thethinker-598 author: Lesego Masenya title: Development in South Africa: Bridging The Rural-Urban Gap date: 2021-09-06 words: 4682 flesch: 50 summary: Thus far, urbanisation in South Af rica has been increasing by roughly 0.5% on a year-to-year basis, with technological innovation and employment in urban areas continuing to increase due to its ability to offer considerable socio-economic opportunities in comparison to rural areas. The urban-rural divide in the education space has always been evident in South Af rica, mostly to the disadvantage of rural areas. keywords: areas; cities; development; growth; inequality; levels; poverty; rica; south cache: thethinker-598.pdf plain text: thethinker-598.txt item: #143 of 161 id: thethinker-599 author: Anelisa Mzungulu ; Bhaso Ndzendze title: Alleviating Unemployment in South Africa: Harnessing Comparative Advantage in the Services Sector date: 2021-09-06 words: 5696 flesch: 51 summary: The much larger increase in the African women labour force participation rate, relative to the African men labour force participation rate, is as a result of the decline in the access of African women to African men’s income, who had traditionally served as breadwinners. PEER REVIEW Table 1: Participation, employment, and unemployment rates by year and gender (%) keywords: china; force; india; labour; labour force; rate; sector; services; south; unemployment cache: thethinker-599.pdf plain text: thethinker-599.txt item: #144 of 161 id: thethinker-600 author: Gift Sonkqayi title: The State of South African Education: A Critical Exploration of Distributive and Epistemic Injustices date: 2021-09-06 words: 6664 flesch: 56 summary: Then, I locate the crisis in South Af rican education within Kuhn’s notion of paradigm shift. Locating the Crisis in South African Education within Kuhn’s Notion of Paradigm Shift In the context of decolonisation, it is worth locating the crisis of South Af rican education within Thomas PEER REVIEWPEER REVIEW 35V o l u m e 8 6 / 2 0 2 1 Kuhn’s (1962) notion of paradigm shift. keywords: act; apartheid; bantu; dei; education; knowledge; kuhn; paradigm; rican; south; south af cache: thethinker-600.pdf plain text: thethinker-600.txt item: #145 of 161 id: thethinker-601 author: Charles Matseke title: Land Reform in South Africa date: 2021-09-06 words: 4493 flesch: 56 summary: The question of land reform, particularly the taking of land f rom white farmers, has become widespread not only in South Af rica but has also reached the shores of Canada, Britain, and the United States. For those who live in faith, land expropriation in South Af rica will mean two things: economic f reedom and the end of poverty, even though the people of Namibia and Zimbabwe would beg to differ. keywords: af rica; anc; compensation; constitution; land; question; rica; south; south af cache: thethinker-601.pdf plain text: thethinker-601.txt item: #146 of 161 id: thethinker-602 author: Marcus Hollington title: The AfCFTA and the Promise of Intra-Continental Trade in Africa date: 2021-09-06 words: 6887 flesch: 51 summary: Intra-regional trade in SADC is currently 10%, an insignificant figure as it shows that trade integration in the region has been gradual and far from impressive as 90% of its trade is external to the intra-regional trading bloc (Chidede, 2017). The treaty that facilitated its establishment was ratified in 2000 with the purpose of deepening integration in the region by enhancing the Customs Union into a common market by liberalising intra-regional trade to boost trade and investment in the region in a mutually beneficially manner (EAC, n.d; Simukoko, 2017). keywords: afcfta; agreement; bloc; comesa; continental; eac; intra; member; rican; sadc; states; trade; trading cache: thethinker-602.pdf plain text: thethinker-602.txt item: #147 of 161 id: thethinker-604 author: Candice Chirwa ; Zimkhitha Manyana title: The Rise of Fake News: Surveying the Effects of Social Media on Informed Democracy date: 2021-09-06 words: 4931 flesch: 58 summary: Fake news has been dominant on Facebook pages that are incredibly biased towards one political ideology and pass off opinion pieces and fake news as real news. A significant obstacle to tackle is that even though Google and Facebook can block fake news websites, and the news media can run side-by-side analysis, neither can definitively reduce fake news. keywords: democracy; election; facebook; fact; information; media; news; research; rica; rom; trump cache: thethinker-604.pdf plain text: thethinker-604.txt item: #148 of 161 id: thethinker-605 author: Nadine Hakizimana title: Addressing the Global Migration Crisis in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic date: 2021-09-06 words: 6450 flesch: 54 summary: The topic of international migration has long been at the centre of global attention because of the extreme loss of life while crossing borders and the diff iculty of managing large numbers of asylum seekers. International migration is arguably one of the most pressing issues of our time because of its transnational characteristic, which affects all countries across the world. keywords: asylum; countries; covid-19; crisis; european; global; international; migration; pandemic; people; refugees; rom; seekers cache: thethinker-605.pdf plain text: thethinker-605.txt item: #149 of 161 id: thethinker-609 author: Prof Ronit Frenkel title: Contributors to the Edition date: 2021-09-07 words: 1497 flesch: 43 summary: Her areas of research include employment, economic development across urban and rural settings in South Af rica. Her areas of research include employment, economic development across urban and rural settings in South Af rica. keywords: candice; johannesburg; rica; university cache: thethinker-609.pdf plain text: thethinker-609.txt item: #150 of 161 id: thethinker-685 author: Friedman, Steven title: The Change Which Remains the Same: Towards a Decolonisation Which Does Not Recolonise date: 2021-11-06 words: 8088 flesch: 48 summary: It does not romanticise Af rican culture to justify the domination of Af rican people. A ‘real Af rican culture’ which, as it inevitably must if it makes this claim, suppresses the diversity of actual Af rican cultures, the differences of perspective included within them, and the inevitable influence of Asian and European cultures on them, does not decolonise – it recolonises because it imposes and excludes. keywords: colonial; colonialism; cultural; culture; decolonisation; essentialism; indian; kipling; nandy; rican; south; view; western cache: thethinker-685.pdf plain text: thethinker-685.txt item: #151 of 161 id: thethinker-686 author: Mtumane , Zilibele ; Tabu, Ruth Nozibele title: Alliteration in W. Shasha’s Zihlabana nje Ziyalamba date: 2021-11-06 words: 7042 flesch: 62 summary: These four categories correspond to real differences of approach in the study of literary language. The theoretical framework that underpins this study is that of literary stylistics. keywords: alliteration; language; line; poetry; repetition; rica; rom; shasha; stylistics; theory; use cache: thethinker-686.pdf plain text: thethinker-686.txt item: #152 of 161 id: thethinker-687 author: Chasi, Samia title: South Africa’s Policy Framework for Higher Education Internationalisation: A Decolonial Perspective date: 2021-11-06 words: 4851 flesch: 34 summary: Secondly, shifting the geography and biography of knowledge requires a careful positioning of South Af rica as an ‘ex-colonised epistemic site’ (Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2013: 13), which must entail an explicit acknowledgement of the significance of decolonisation in South Af rican higher education, as it continues to be shaped by colonial legacies. Not surprisingly under these circumstances, the adoption of the first national internationalisation policy represents an important milestone for the advancement of higher education internationalisation in South Af rica. keywords: decolonisation; education; framework; internationalisation; policy; rica; south; south af cache: thethinker-687.pdf plain text: thethinker-687.txt item: #153 of 161 id: thethinker-688 author: Chapman, Nathan ; Maharaj, Sangeeta ; Seeberan, Melanie ; Houlder , Emmarica title: Heterosexism and Homophobia in the Caribbean Dancehall Context date: 2021-11-06 words: 4135 flesch: 51 summary: PEER REVIEW 38 Abstract This paper explores how dancehall lyrics reproduce heterosexist and homophobic discourses in the LGBTQ community within a Caribbean dancehall context. In doing so, the researcher connected dancehall lyrics to heterosexism through an analysis of discourses within religion, sex and sexuality. keywords: authors; dancehall; discourses; gender; jamaica; lyrics; man; men; music; songs cache: thethinker-688.pdf plain text: thethinker-688.txt item: #154 of 161 id: thethinker-689 author: Igba , Samuel Ajogwu; Liaga, Emmaculate Asige title: Coloniality, Legitimacy in Statebuilding, and the Use of Force in Africa date: 2021-11-06 words: 7986 flesch: 47 summary: Moreover, the current realities of Af rican states and legitimacy is directed at building modern states in the post 1648 Westphalia treaty sense of the term, and this has proven problematic for statebuilding in Af rica due to the unsettled issues of internal legitimacy (Bereketeab, 2020: 52; Englebert, 2009). These broad definitions of state legitimacy are not to be conflated with police legitimacy but are emphasised in this paper to show that state legitimacy is a necessary condition for the justifiable use of force by the police or military in any given state (Bradford and Jackson, 2010: 1). keywords: coloniality; ethnicity; force; groups; legitimacy; monopoly; nigeria; rica; rom; somalia; state; statebuilding; use cache: thethinker-689.pdf plain text: thethinker-689.txt item: #155 of 161 id: thethinker-690 author: Pillay, Anton M. title: The Language of Liberation and Perpetual Eternity: An Analysis of Jacob Zuma’s Rhetoric date: 2021-11-06 words: 4457 flesch: 59 summary: Former South Af rican President Jacob Zuma likens his treatment by courts to apartheid-era South Af rica. As a struggle icon, anti-apartheid figure, and Robben Island prisoner, Mr Zuma is the archetypical ‘liberation hero’. keywords: anc; apartheid; jacob; language; liberation; power; president; rica; rom; south; state; zuma cache: thethinker-690.pdf plain text: thethinker-690.txt item: #156 of 161 id: thethinker-691 author: Hull, George title: Some Pitfalls of Decoloniality Theory date: 2021-11-06 words: 8543 flesch: 45 summary: Latin American exceptions In their writings in decoloniality theory f rom the turn of the twenty-first century, Ramón Grosfoguel and Aníbal Quijano start out When decoloniality theory first emerged (in Aníbal Quijano’s innovative writings) out of the discipline of political economy, however, it exemplified the broader, truth- oriented sense of intellectual decolonization. keywords: countries; decoloniality; gatsheni; grosfoguel; mignolo; ndlovu; power; quijano; rom; theory; thesis; time cache: thethinker-691.pdf plain text: thethinker-691.txt item: #157 of 161 id: thethinker-692 author: Adeyeri , James Olusegun title: Ethnic Propaganda, Hate Speech, and Mass Violence in Igbo-Hausa/Fulani Relations in Postcolonial Nigeria date: 2021-11-06 words: 6635 flesch: 52 summary: This paper argues that the historical crisis-ridden relations between the Igbo and the Hausa/Fulani, the attendant 1966 mass killings of Igbos in the north, the nature of the war strategies of the federal government during the civil war, and the currently mounting tension are all direct results of contending ethnic propaganda including hate speech, lies, and name-calling in a bid to gain political and strategic advantages over other ethnic groups. On the other hand, the Hausa/Fulani – along with other ethnic groups (Tiv, Jukun, Kanem, Igala) – occupy the northern part of the country and are predominantly Muslim. keywords: civil; coup; ethnic; fulani; government; groups; hate; hate speech; hausa; igbo; military; nigerian; propaganda; rom; speech; state; war cache: thethinker-692.pdf plain text: thethinker-692.txt item: #158 of 161 id: thethinker-693 author: Neethling, Theodor title: Natural Gas Production in Mozambique and the Political Risk of Islamic Militancy date: 2021-11-06 words: 6736 flesch: 52 summary: Growing risks for Mozambique LNG projects As stated in the introduction, the pressing question guiding this article is: Does the government in Maputo have the political will and institutional capacity to provide a stable and predictable investment climate where the political risks associated with the Islamist insurgency in Cabo Delgado would not jeopardise or threaten the promising LNG projects? As much as internal factors are key to a proper analysis of this question, one should be mindful that risks to and challenges of the LNG projects in Mozambique are not only posed by the internal dynamics in the country. In September 2020, the Chief Executive Officer of Total, Patrick Pouyanné, as the largest investor in Mozambique LNG projects, met with Mozambican President, Filipe Nyusi, to discuss the risks posed by the intensifying radical Islamic insurgency. keywords: ansar; cabo; country; delgado; gas; government; insurgency; lng; mozambican; mozambique; projects; risk; rom cache: thethinker-693.pdf plain text: thethinker-693.txt item: #159 of 161 id: thethinker-694 author: Du Toit, David ; Whaley, Buck title: Another Bloody Clean-Up: The Experiences of Trauma Cleaners in South Africa date: 2021-11-06 words: 5650 flesch: 64 summary: Patrick builds on the sentiment described by Henriette and other trauma cleaners that the job of cleaning trauma scenes should be performed while utilising a ‘form of desensitization’. Humour There are many different coping strategies used by trauma cleaners to deal with what they see, smell, and experience at trauma scenes. keywords: cleaners; cleaning; crime; humour; job; scene; south; trauma cache: thethinker-694.pdf plain text: thethinker-694.txt item: #160 of 161 id: thethinker-695 author: Frenkel, Ronit title: Contributors to this edition date: 2021-11-06 words: 1631 flesch: 50 summary: He holds the degree of DLitt et Phil f rom the University of South Af rica, specialising in Af rican languages. She currently serves as Manager: Strategic Initiatives, Partnership Development and Research at the International Education Association of South Af rica (IEASA) and is a Research Fellow at the University of the Free State (UFS). keywords: research; rican; rom; south; university cache: thethinker-695.pdf plain text: thethinker-695.txt item: #161 of 161 id: thethinker-733 author: Motaung, Tlhabane Mokhine ‘Dan’ title: Colonialism and Historical Imagination: How Colonial Designs Shaped Post-apartheid Identities date: 2021-12-17 words: 6106 flesch: 47 summary: l u m e 8 9 / 2 0 2 1 Abstract Ethnic identity has continued to undermine national unity and integration across post-colonial Africa, and South Africa seems to be no exception. Ethnic identities in Africa and South Africa in particular, were forged by colonial powers and apartheid (in the case of the latter) through identity construction and the classic strategy of divide and rule. keywords: 1989; africa; colonial; consciousness; ethnicity; harries; ibid; natal; people; south; tribalism; vail; zulu cache: thethinker-733.pdf plain text: thethinker-733.txt