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Corresponding author:
1 Sumy State Pedagogical University, Ukraine
E-mail: elnikkrasnaya@gmail.com 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-806X
ResearcherID: AAE-6410-2022
2 National Academy of Statistics, Accounting and Auditing, Ukraine
E-mail: alexdekan@ukr.net 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-6510

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2022-1-19

SERVICE COMPONENT OF INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 
IMPACT ASSESSMENT: A REGIONAL EXAMPLE

Olena Omelianenko1, Oleksandr Yurchenko2

Abstract. Changes in the world economy and the crisis of 2020 have aggravated the problem of structural stability 
of the economy and economic security. Under these conditions, the demand for services in the creative economy 
will grow dynamically, as the most valuable goods are ideas, imagination and creativity. The aim of the article is to 
consider the impact of the service component on innovative development at the regional level. Methodology. For 
the purposes of the study, the main types of services provided by the most common institutional forms of innovation 
infrastructure are summarized. Classification by the criterion of the type of services is useful for monitoring the 
provision of the innovation system with different elements of innovation infrastructure. Services are considered in 
the applied context of assessing the effectiveness of innovation policy at the regional level. On the basis of analysis 
of world practice of innovation policy the spheres of financial and economic stimulation of innovation activity within 
which the corresponding service component can be considered are determined. Results. Within the framework of 
alternative approaches to neoclassical economics, based on evolutionary economics and Schumpeterian economics, 
the authors argue for services as an important component of a proactive industrial policy that can address these 
failures and is based on the institution of mentoring, small business service provision, development of technology 
parks and much more. The main types of services provided by the most common institutional forms of innovation 
infrastructure are summarized. Classification of services is based on the criterion of the type of services, useful for 
monitoring the provision of the innovation system with various elements of innovation infrastructure. Services 
were considered in the applied context of assessing the effectiveness of innovation policy at the regional level. 
Practical implications. On the basis of analysis of the world practice of innovation policy the spheres of financial and 
economic stimulation of innovation activity, within which the corresponding service component was considered, 
were determined. Value/originality. Longitudinal data and relevant calculations provide a better understanding of 
the impact of innovation infrastructure services on the main economic indicators of regional development.

Key words: innovation development, technology transfer, services, impact, regional economy.

JEL Classification: L84, O32, R11

1. Introduction
Changes in the world economy and the crisis of 

2020–2021 have aggravated the problem of structural 
stability of the economy and economic security.  
Under these conditions, the demand for services  
in the creative economy will grow dynamically, as 
the most valuable goods are ideas, imagination and 
creativity. On the other hand, service development 
strategies raise the issues of building partnerships, in 
particular by involving customers in the processes of 
service design and digital transformation of business 
processes. 

At the same time, these trends require the 
development of new approaches to the management  
of business models in the service sector. 

According to experts, one of the main reasons for 
the lack of success of innovative projects and the 
small number of such projects is the lack of quality 
management at all levels of the project development 
chain, as well as the lack of a systematic view of the 
project initiators to have a clear idea of the project 
development strategy.

The state and development of business manage- 
ment in the service sector largely determines the 

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms 
of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0



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effectiveness of innovative development of the 
economy, as the functioning of this sphere creates 
conditions for freeing up time and contributes to high 
labor productivity. The increasing role and influence 
of services on the economy necessitates the search  
and implementation of ways to improve the efficiency  
of business models. 

It is important to consider services in the applied 
context of national innovation policy. Developed 
and developing countries use different methods of 
state stimulation of innovation in the entrepreneurial 
sector. The most common are state programs to 
support innovation within state priorities, legislative, 
financial and tax tools at the state and regional levels  
to promote innovation in all areas of business. Based 
on the analysis of world practice of innovation policy 
and national specifics, it is possible to identify areas 
of financial and economic stimulation of innovation, 
within which we can consider the appropriate service 
component. 

2. Literature review
In alternative approaches to neoclassical economics, 

based on evolutionary economics and Schumpeterian 
economics, there is a need to consider systemic  
failures rather than market failures. Services are 
an important component of a proactive industrial  
policy that can address these failures and is based  
on the institution of mentoring, small business  
services, the development of technology parks, and 
more.

Based on these theories, services in the innovation 
sphere can be defined as a component of the  
innovation infrastructure, including special 
organizational structures (subjects and objects) 
designed to ensure more effective use of resources 
aimed at innovation, to promote the integration of 
science and production, the formation and development 
of innovative economic entities, establishing 
cooperation between them, their implementation of 
innovative projects by providing logistical, financial, 
informational, expert and consulting, organizational, 
and staffing support (Mukhamedyarov, Divaeva, 
Khabibrakhmanova, 2013).

In the knowledge economy, service becomes 
a critical component (Kniazevych, 2014). In this 
case, service is defined as the process of transferring 
intangible resources (service distribution) for their 
practical use in innovative activities. Such peculiarities 
of development of innovation economy, first of all, 
concern its infrastructural component as the sphere of 
provision of intangible resources for implementation 
of innovation projects through service and provision of 
knowledge-intensive services. Service is closely related 
to complexity, which is manifested in the activities 
of the subjects of the innovation process through the 

dissemination of service offerings at all stages of the 
innovation process.

It is important that in the last decade, due to the 
introduction of new information technologies, the 
boundaries between the services of different economic 
agents are noticeably blurred (Dvorkina, 2001).  
This is especially true for information and analytical 
services, which are characterized by the intersection 
of services (one of the reasons for mutual interest  
and integration trends in the information environ-
ment) and the ability to provide users with access 
to documents, information, knowledge, and thereby  
meet information needs (B2B, G2B, B2C).

Thus, in the sphere of services it is possible to note 
existence of double connection: innovations in the 
sphere of services are effective means of overcoming 
crises, promotion of competitive products and 
development of high-tech services, and services are the 
factor of creation of innovations.

A similar approach was used in research (Kokurin, 
Nazin, 2011), in which the elements of infrastructure 
based on the sphere of the external environment, 
aimed at ensuring innovation, were grouped. In 
accordance with this logic, the following groups of 
innovation infrastructure were identified: transport  
and communication; information and telecommuni-
cations; credit and financial sphere; stock market; 
intermediary institution; enterprises and firms 
providing special services.

In the context of the growing role of the service 
component of most business processes in the  
innovation sphere (Colman, Bing Ang, 2016;  
Klimenko, 2020; Saxena, 2021), the strategic aspects 
of developing strategies in the context of regional 
smart specialization (Omelyanenko, Prokopenko, 
Omelyanenko, 2021) and digitalization (Omelyanenko 
et al, 2021; Omelyanenko V., Omelianenko O., 2021; 
Robul et al, 2020) are an urgent problem. 

The study is devoted to determining the impact  
of the service component of the innovative develop-
ment at the regional level. 

3. Methodology
For the purposes of the study, the main types of  

services provided by the most common institutional 
forms of innovation infrastructure are summarized. 
Classification by the criterion of the type of services is 
useful for monitoring the provision of the innovation 
system with different elements of innovation 
infrastructure. Services are considered in the applied 
context of assessing the effectiveness of innovation 
policy at the regional level. On the basis of analysis 
of world practice of innovation policy the spheres 
of financial and economic stimulation of innovation 
activity within which the corresponding service 
component can be considered are determined. A set 



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of research methods was used to achieve the goal and  
solve the set tasks:
– theoretical: analysis and systematization of scientific 
sources in order to identify the state of development 
of the problem of the impact of services on innovation 
development;
– structural and logical analysis – to determine the 
components, criteria and performance indicators of 
service provision;
– comparison – to characterize the different options  
for building business models in the service sector;
– generalization – to justify the impact of strategic 
vectors of transformation of the service sector on 
innovation development.
– statistical: methods of descriptive statistics, corre-
lation methods – for expert assessment of the impact 
of the service component of innovation policy on key 
indicators of the development of the region's economy;
– system analysis, modern management theory –  
to study the components of the impact of the service 
component of innovation policy.

4. Results and discussion 
Subjects of innovative development services
Based on the study (Maslova, 2017), the main types 

of services provided by the most common institutional 
forms of innovation infrastructure are summarized.

Technology platform is a communication tool aimed 
at enhancing efforts to create promising commercial 
technologies, new products or services, attracting 
additional resources for research and development 
based on the participation of all stakeholders (business, 
science, government, society), improving the regulatory 
framework in the field of innovative development.

Engineering Center provides engineering 
consulting services of research, design, calculation 
and analytical nature; provides feasibility studies of 
projects, recommendations in the field of production  
organization and management of industrial, 
infrastructure and other facilities.

Innovation and technology centers are created to 
facilitate the development of small and medium-
sized knowledge-intensive businesses, to implement 
the results of intellectual activities of educational 
institutions and research organizations. The centers 
contribute to the realization of their innovation  
potential by providing a full range of infrastructure 
services and contributing to the formation of synergies 
between the participants. The centers provide small 
innovative enterprises and firms with laboratory 
and production space, research and development 
equipment, office, demonstration and conference 
rooms, as well as legal, financial, engineering, marketing 
and other services.

Certification centers act as performers in the field of 
certification services. They carry out comprehensive 

certification procedures, from the collection and 
preparation of the necessary package of documents to 
product testing and documentation of compliance.

Cluster development centers are specialized organi-
zations created by regional executive authorities to 
implement the cluster policy in the region. The purpose 
of cluster development centers is to create conditions  
for the development of territorial clusters, to facilitate  
the coordination of projects of the participants of 
territorial clusters, and to increase the competitiveness 
of small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus, the 
centers act as a link between various subjects of 
innovative activity.

Innovative territorial cluster is an association 
of enterprises, equipment suppliers, specialized 
production and service services, research and 
educational organizations connected by relations 
of territorial proximity and functional dependence  
in the production and sale of goods and services.

Classification of services focused on innovative 
development 

Classification by the criterion of the type of 
services is useful for monitoring the provision of the 
innovation system with different elements of inno- 
vation infrastructure. The analysis showed that this  
logic of classification is quite common in research,  
and it is also the main in the official interpretation of  
this term. In this case, the following groups are 
distinguished: 
– production and technological; 
– expert consulting; 
– financial; 
– informational; 
– personnel; 
– sales. 

An important point when grouping services by type  
of service is the composition of the elements of each 
group. There are no generally accepted approaches, 
especially with regard to financial and industrial-
technological groups. Factors in choosing the 
composition of elements should be the type of  
services and their specificity, due to the purpose of 
creating such an element. Based on the highlighted 
essential characteristics of innovation infrastructure,  
the production and technological group includes  
centers of collective use of scientific or high-tech 
equipment and technopark structures (science parks, 
science and technology parks, technology parks, high-
tech parks, innovation technology centers, innovation 
business incubators, etc.).

Based on certain essential characteristics and expected 
results of functioning of innovative infrastructure,  
its formation, necessary for the development of 
innovative entrepreneurship, should be based on the 
following principles: 

1. Balanced construction of the system in the areas of 
support, as the absence of a certain element to provide 



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a certain type of service or its presence in the amount 
not consistent with other elements, will slow down the 
development of the entire system. For example, the 
insufficient development of the financial component 
of the innovation infrastructure can lead to a lack of 
financing of innovative projects, and thus inhibit the 
creation of innovative entrepreneurial structures in 
technology parks, innovative business incubators, or, 
conversely, the insufficient development of technology 
parks. there is a situation of lack of innovative projects 
that require funding. 

2. The balance of building a system of services at 
all stages of innovative entrepreneurship: research, 
scientific production, production and sale of innovative 
products within the provided type of services. 

3. Formation of elements of innovation infrastructure, 
taking into account the existing innovation and 
economic potential of the territory and the priorities of 
socio-economic development. 

4. The presence of a project to create an element of 
innovation infrastructure with clearly defined indicators 
of development over time (necessary to monitor the 
development and evaluation of effectiveness). 

Within these principles, there is a clear correspon-
dence with the strategic vectors, in particular 
sustainability and cooperation. From the perspective  
of the strategic vector "product as a service", it is 
advisable to consider more in-depth scientific and 
methodological approaches to the classification of 
services in the context of innovation and technological 
development. The classification of industrial services 
is based on two criteria – the stage of the life cycle of 
industrial products and the functional purpose of 
industrial services, which allows us to systematize the 
diversity of these services as follows: 
– services for the development and implementation 
of industrial products in production (R&D, industrial 
design, engineering, etc.); 
– ancillary production services (services for adjustment, 
maintenance, repair of production equipment, etc.); 
– supply and marketing services (purchasing, 
warehousing, transport, sales logistics, etc.); 
– service services (warranty repair, service of sold 
products); 
– administrative services (marketing, management, 
personnel services, etc.).

Descriptive statistics
Development of the service sector of innovation 

infrastructure occurs in relationship with the real sector 
of the economy, affecting the increase in the index of 
industrial production, labor productivity, increasing  
the level of innovation activity, which ultimately  
leads to GDP growth, but it can occur asynchronously. 
In this connection, the impulse (initial) and lagging 
(resulting) variables based on the action of multi-
plicative effects were determined by mathematical 
modeling (Table 1). 

For the first set "Index of physical volume of inno-
vation infrastructure services – GRP" the greatest  
cross-correlation dependence is observed at time 
lag 2 with a tendency of increasing dependence and 
synchronous changes in both indicators.

In the second set "Index of physical volume of 
innovative infrastructure services – Index of labor 
productivity " the highest cross-correlation dependence 
is also observed at time lag 2. For the third set "Index 
of physical volume of innovative infrastructure 
services – Index of industrial production" the largest 
cross-correlation dependence is observed at time lag 2.

For the fourth set "Index of physical volume of 
innovation infrastructure services – Index of inno-
vation activity " and the fifth set "Index of physical 
volume of innovation infrastructure services – 
Index of volume of state grant financing of research 
and development" the highest cross-correlation 
dependence is observed at time lag 1.

According to the sixth "Index of physical volume 
of innovation infrastructure services – Index of 
human capital in research and development" and the 
seventh set "Index of physical volume of innovation  
infrastructure services – Index of regional 
competitiveness", the highest cross-correlation 
dependence is observed at time lag 2. 

For the eighth set "Index of physical volume 
of innovation infrastructure services – Index of  
production of innovation products" the highest 
cross-correlation dependence is observed at the time  
lag of 0. For the ninth set "Index of physical volume 
of innovation infrastructure services – Export activity 
index" the largest cross-correlation dependence is 
observed at time lag 2. 

All values of cross-correlation coefficients are 
statistically significant (p-value less than 0.05). 
The analysis of the obtained results shows that the  
influence of the innovation infrastructure factor is most 
noticeable in the short term in the immediate sphere  
of innovation activity. At the same time, in the longer 
term, the importance of innovative services is also 
evident in the main macro indicators of regional 
development.

Thus, the development of the service sector of 
innovation infrastructure is an effective multiplier for 
the transition to a new stage of development of the 
entire regional macroeconomic system, ensuring the 
balance in the sphere of production, services, innovation 
infrastructure and innovation.

To determine the contribution of industrial services 
in the development of production, the production 
function model was used to reveal the relationship 
between the resulting parameter – value added growth, 
and the factors affecting it from the perspective of the 
innovation infrastructure services sector – the increase 
in the share of services provided by the innovation 
infrastructure and the labor productivity index. 



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The model of the production function of the 
innovative infrastructure services sector, obtained on 
the basis of regression analysis, has the following form:

Y = 0,31 ∙ X1–0,27 ∙ X21,22

Y – value added growth, %; 
Х1 – increase in the services provided by the 

innovation infrastructure, %; 
Х2 – labor productivity index in industry, %. 
Based on the model obtained, we can conclude that 

the greatest influence on the increase in value added in 
industry has the indicator of labor productivity, which 
is characterized by a positive elasticity coefficient 
of 1.22. The indicator of growth of the volume of 
innovation infrastructure services provided showed 
a negative impact with the elasticity coefficient (-0.27), 
which indicates a lack of incentives and mechanisms  
for development of the innovation infrastructure 
services sector, capable of providing increased 
innovation activity and growth of industrial production 
in the real sector of the economy.

Policy in the service sector, focused on innovative 
development 

Consider the main groups of services in the applied 
context of national innovation policy.

The first group is state programs to support inno-
vative business. In particular, state programs of financial 
and technical support for innovative businesses that 
carry out research and development on state priorities 
(USA, Japan, Great Britain, India, China).

The second group is financial assistance programs. 
These include: 
1) targeted grants for research and development  
(in almost all developed countries); 
2) direct financing (subsidies, loans), which reach up 
to 50% of the cost of creating new technologies and 
products (France, USA); 
3) creation of funds for the implementation of 
innovations (England, Germany, France, Switzerland, 
the Netherlands); 
4) loans, in particular interest-free (Sweden); gratuitous 
loans to cover 50% of the costs of innovation (Germany). 

Table 1
Sets of pulse and lag variables 

№ of 
set of 

variables
Impulse variable Lagging variable

Time lag  
(in years)

Cross-
correlation 
coefficient

Time lag  
(in years)

Cross-
correlation 
coefficient

Time lag  
(in years)

Cross-
correlation 
coefficient

1
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

GRP 0 0,511 1 0,780 2 0,891

2
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Labor 
productivity 
index

0 0,311 1 0,557 2 0,689

3
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Industrial 
production 
index

0 0,278 1 0,444 2 0,486

4
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Index of 
innovation 
activity

0 0,370 1 0,525 2 0,491

5
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Index of the 
volume of state 
grant funding 
for research and 
development

0 0,401 1 0,587 2 0,498

6
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Research and 
Development 
Human Capital 
Index

0 0,291 1 0,523 2 0,835

7
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Region 
Competitiveness 
Index

0 0,390 1 0,681 2 0,719

8
Index of physical 
volume of innovation 
infrastructure services

Index of 
production 
of innovative 
products

0 0,755 1 0,711 2 0,601

9
Index of physical 
volume of innovative 
infrastructure services

Export activity 
index

0 0,397 1 0,486 2 0,731



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The third group is programs for providing various 

benefits (tax, compensation, customs and others). Note 
such tools as: 
1) simplification of taxation for enterprises working 
in the field of innovation, exclusion from taxation of 
research and development costs, preferential taxation of 
universities and research firms (USA, UK, India, China, 
Japan);
2) government programs to reduce risks and  
compensate for risky losses (USA, Japan); 
3) free services of patent attorneys on applications 
from individual inventors, exemption from duties 
(Netherlands, Germany, Japan, India); 
4) deferral of payment of duties (or complete  
exemption from them), if the invention relates to the 
field of energy saving (Austria); 
5) reduction of state duties for individual inventors, 
insurance and providing them with tax benefits  
(Austria, Germany, USA, Japan), as well as the creation 
of special infrastructure to support them ( Japan). 
Participation in these programs involves the provision 
of appropriate advisory services. 

The fourth group – programs for the formation 
of innovation infrastructure. In this group we can  
highlight: 
1) creation of state organizations that provide scientific, 
technical, financial and production support for 
innovative business (USA, Japan, India, China); 
2) creation of a wide network of venture capital 
funds for the implementation of innovative projects 
(implemented in various ways in almost all developed 
and developing countries). 

It is proposed to consider the financial aspects of 
innovative development in order to determine their 
hierarchy and relationship in the context: 
1) programs of innovative development of state 
enterprises; programs of innovative development of 
private enterprises; 
2) programs for selection and implementation of 
innovative projects by private enterprises; 
3) programs for selection and implementation 
of innovative public-private projects, including 
international ones. 

According to the authors, the basic principles of 
financing of these programs of development of the 
innovation system should be the following:

– it is expedient to carry out financing within the 
limits of the approved strategy (program) of innovative 
development of the country or region (territory); 
– it is advisable to finance specific activities or provide 
a specific amount of services to clients (preferably  
with joint investment from local budgets, partial 
payment for services by clients or investors, depending 
on the stage of innovation processes of the project); 
– it is necessary to focus on existing organizations 
of innovation infrastructure that have contacts and  
practical experience with enterprises and research 

organizations, and gradually carry out their 
development. 

Compliance with these principles will make the state 
support of the innovation system comprehensive, as 
well as make it possible to evaluate its effectiveness.

5. Conclusions 
In developed countries, funding for innovation 

comes from both public and private sources, as part of  
systemic development strategies that take into account, 
among other things, a number of related development 
services. Research shows that these mechanisms have 
become more diverse and complex, and adapting 
to them is one of the most significant challenges for 
modern states and businesses.

Thus, the analysis of the regional case proves that 
the success of innovation is largely determined by the  
forms of its integrated organization and methods of 
service support.

The analysis of selective approach to service support 
of innovative activity allowed determining that  
startups and small innovative business need, first of 
all, expert (mentor) support. The state can support 
certain elements of infrastructure (business incubators, 
technoparks, gas pedals, consulting centers, technology 
transfer centers, etc.) for some time. At the stage 
of startups entering international markets, joint 
cooperation of business and government is necessary 
to achieve the maximum effect of international 
competitiveness of developments (products) and the 
possibility of gaining access to foreign investment,  
which can be done with the help of export support 
measures.

Based on the analysis, the priority measures to solve 
the problems of innovative development on the basis of 
the service component include:
– expansion of the range of services to support 
innovation in private technological small and medium-
sized enterprises, in particular by creating a system of 
competitive grants (for research or cost recovery) from 
innovation funds in priority areas of innovation;
– increasing the stimulating role of the tax system and 
creating demand for new innovative products through 
maximum attention to public procurement, as well as 
procurement for the needs of natural monopolies and 
large enterprises with predominant state participation.

Acknowledgements
The study was conducted with the financial 

support of the Ministry of Education and Science 
of Ukraine for the grant for the research project 
"Innovative component of the security of sustainable  
development of old industrial regions of Ukraine: 
strategic directions of institutional support and 
technology transfer in innovative landscapes" 
(№ 0121U100567).



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