item: #1 of 149 id: tsm-11636 author: Górniewicz, Grzegorz title: THE POLISH EXTERNAL DEBT AS COMPARED WITH THE OTHER VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES date: 2016-12-19 words: 6054 flesch: 55 summary: Visegrad-Gorniewicz.indd Torun Interna onal Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Grzegorz Górniewicz*1 THE POLISH EXTERNAL DEBT AS COMPARED WITH THE OTHER VISEGRAD GROUP COUNTRIES ABSTRACT The global scale of external debt is the greatest in history, which made it one of the biggest financial problems in the world. The objective of the paper is to show the scale, reasons and tendencies concerning Pol- ish external debt. keywords: agreement; bank; countries; credits; debt; growth; górniewicz; mld; poland; polish; usd cache: tsm-11636.pdf plain text: tsm-11636.txt item: #2 of 149 id: tsm-11638 author: Sydoruk, Tetiana; Tyshchenko, Dmytro title: POSITIONS OF THE VISEGRAD FOUR COUTRIES AND THE BALTIC STATES ON THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN CONFLICT date: 2016-12-19 words: 7813 flesch: 56 summary: It would prefer to cancel the sanctions Hungary is against the sanctions and stands on canceling them Poland Balerus Lithuania Latvia Estonia Germany Czech Republic Ukraine Slovakia Hungary Romania Moldavia Austria Denmark POSITIONS OF THE VISEGRAD FOUR COUTRIES AND THE BALTIC STATES... 21 The earliest and most principled positions on the “Ukrainian crisis”, the annexation of Crimea by Russia and an escalation of the conflict in eastern Ukraine were formulated by Poland, Lithuania and Estonia. During the conflict in eastern Ukraine, Lat- via provides humanitarian assistance and expert support to Ukraine, including treatment of Ukrainian wounded soldiers, provides seminars for government and civil society to combat corruption, takes groups of children (12–17 years old) from the ATO area. keywords: conflict; countries; crisis; eastern; european; latvia; lithuania; nato; poland; policy; positions; russia; sanctions; states; ukraine; visegrad cache: tsm-11638.pdf plain text: tsm-11638.txt item: #3 of 149 id: tsm-11644 author: Kindrachuk, Nadia title: THE ALLUNION CENSUSES 1959, 1970 AND 1970 AS A SOURCE OF STUDYING POPULATION TITULAR NATION OF UKRAINIAN DURING THE 60’S70’S OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY date: 2016-12-21 words: 5970 flesch: 54 summary: Since the number of Ukrainian population increased only in five re- gions of Ukraine – Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Ternopil, Chernivtsi, and respectively in twenty others there was reducing in the number of the Ukrainian-population (information summarized in Table 3). Ethnic composition of Ukrainian population: 1959–1989 ethno-linguistic effect of the russification, Kyiv: Publishing House «Enlightenment». keywords: census; number; people; population; soviet; ssr; ukraine; ukrainian; union cache: tsm-11644.pdf plain text: tsm-11644.txt item: #4 of 149 id: tsm-11840 author: Safarians, Yevhenii title: TRADE COOPERATION AND AUSTRIAN INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE date: 2016-12-31 words: 6759 flesch: 54 summary: “Bank Austria Creditanstalt Ukraine” changed title and composition of government. In 1990 the Austrian company “Fronius”, which specializes in welding equipment, es- tablished the subsidiary LLC “Fronius Ukraine” for further production and sales of welding equipment in Ukraine. keywords: agreement; austria; companies; cooperation; countries; economic; fdi; foreign; investment; new; november; rada; relations; republic; trade; ukraine; ukrainian; wir cache: tsm-11840.pdf plain text: tsm-11840.txt item: #5 of 149 id: tsm-12170 author: Redo, Magdalena title: SUSTAINING GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICITS AS A CAUSE FOR THE COST OF PUBLIC DEBT SERVICE INCREASE IN WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE 1995-2015 PERIOD date: 2016-12-30 words: 4946 flesch: 46 summary: The research results show that there are several factors strengthening the importance of financial situation: high public debt level (Caselli, Giovanni- ni, Lane 1998, Heinz, Sun 2014), weaker developed financial system (Ardagna, Caselli, Lane 2004), higher political risk and uncertainty towards future economic policy (Moser 2007, Baldacci, Gupta, Mati 2008), less transparent public finances increasing uncertainty towards fiscal policy (Bernoth, Wolff 2006), recent crises (Baldacci, Gupta, Mati 2008) or stronger external imbalances (Dumičić, Ridzak 2011, Alexopoulou, Bunda, Fernando 2009, Moser 2007). Thus, it increases the risk of functioning of weaker, less stable economies in terms of economy and policy, with more expansive fiscal policy and higher public debt by increasing the capital cost, limiting its availability; it also exposes them to more frequent limitations in availability of sources for financing both debts and development, with lowering the speed of economic growth. keywords: average; bonds; cost; countries; debt; finances; government; level; period; risk; service cache: tsm-12170.pdf plain text: tsm-12170.txt item: #6 of 149 id: tsm-12171 author: Wojciechowska, Ewelina title: UNCERTAIN DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN RUSSIA date: 2016-12-30 words: 5909 flesch: 50 summary: In summary, the most important political consequences of these acts is: threat to financial sustainability of Russian NGOs, the loose definition of „political activity” (which resulted in the abuse of power by the control authorities), further damage to credibility of NGOs (the regime has taken many steps to rouse public suspicion of civil society organizations), imped- ed cooperation of organizations with local authorities, stigmatization by unknown „activists” and examples of phenomena homophobic to „foreign agents”, discrimination (the new law is careful to release the recognized religious organizations, corporations, government and business groups) and more bureaucracy in everyday life. Russian civil society is facing an intimidating array of legal and financial challenges. keywords: 2012; agents; european; groups; law; makarychev; ngos; non; november; organizations; rights; russia; society; state cache: tsm-12171.pdf plain text: tsm-12171.txt item: #7 of 149 id: tsm-12747 author: Węgliński, Konrad title: CYBERWARFARE AND RESPONSIBILITY OF STATES date: 2017-02-28 words: 4717 flesch: 48 summary: Secondly, the obligation of states to exercise due diligence in the context of cyber attacks is discussed. Requirements set forth by Article 2 of the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts can easily be avoided by states and, consequently, cyber attacks can be used as a powerful weapon to pursue certain political, economic or martial strategies. keywords: acts; article; attacks; control; cyber; force; law; responsibility; state; test; use cache: tsm-12747.pdf plain text: tsm-12747.txt item: #8 of 149 id: tsm-12748 author: Wiczanowska, Hanna title: MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FREQUENCY OF THE RIGHT TO STRIKE AND RECOGNITION OF THE RIGHT TO LOCKOUT WITHIN THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF SELECTED EUROPEAN STATES date: 2017-03-29 words: 8187 flesch: 47 summary: As comparing to the article 28 of the Charter of the Funda- mental Rights of the European Union, such right is guaranteed not only to the employers, but also employees. Such strike has been known as the longest strike in Cyprus history from 1948. keywords: cyprus; days; employers; european; industrial; labour; labour law; law; lockout; right; strike; workers cache: tsm-12748.pdf plain text: tsm-12748.txt item: #9 of 149 id: tsm-12749 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: THE INFLUENCE OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS ON THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT POSITION OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES date: 2017-03-29 words: 3904 flesch: 54 summary: Keywords: International investment position, Hellwig method 1. The international investment position may be also defined by dint of the following formula: IIP = FDIA + PIA + OFIA + RA – FDIL – PIL – OFIL where: IIP – international investment position, FDI – direct foreign investments, PI – foreign portfolio investments (equity and debt ones), OFI – remaining investments , RA – reserve assets, letter keywords: assets; international; investment; measure; position; share cache: tsm-12749.pdf plain text: tsm-12749.txt item: #10 of 149 id: tsm-13115 author: Ciak, Jolanta; Płókarz, Rafał title: INTERNATIONAL RATING AS A CREDITWORTHINESS MEASURE OF A STATE date: 2017-03-30 words: 4995 flesch: 49 summary: The aim of the article is to discuss the role of international rating as a credibility measure of a state, the role of credit rating agencies, of the rules of rating and of the level of rating for the countries of the European Union, especially given the fact that rating for a country is reflected in its credibility and attractiveness. A large number of credit rating agencies and a significant level of their diversification may create the impression of diversity and competi- tiveness of this segment of global finance. keywords: aaa; aaa aaa; agencies; agency; countries; country; credit; debt; european; fitch; group; international; market; moody; rating cache: tsm-13115.pdf plain text: tsm-13115.txt item: #11 of 149 id: tsm-13116 author: Garczewski, Krzysztof title: CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION CRISIS IN EUROPE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-POLITICAL SITUATION IN GERMANY date: 2017-03-30 words: 3454 flesch: 64 summary: German state was not prepared for immense volume of migrants coming in a very short period of time. In effect, to protest against federal migration policy E. Stein- bach resigned from membership of CDU to which she belonged since 1974 (Tagesschau, 2017). keywords: asylum; crisis; dpa; germany; merkel; migrants; migration; policy; refugees; state cache: tsm-13116.pdf plain text: tsm-13116.txt item: #12 of 149 id: tsm-13284 author: Siemiątkowski, Artur title: THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON SOCIETY’S SAFETY BASED ON ACTIVITY OF AMAZON.COM IN POLAND AND GREAT BRITAIN date: 2017-03-31 words: 4910 flesch: 53 summary: Since the start of activity of Amazon corporation in Poland in 2014, the company in- vested in Poland more than 3 billion USD (PAP, 2017). Accepting such a definition, we can say that majority of done FDI’s is the result of transnational corporations activity, there- fore analysis of sizes of FDI should give quite a view of the sizes of activity on transnational corporations in the whole world and in the researched countries. keywords: activity; amazon; britain; company; corporations; countries; influence; people; poland; polish; safety; society; world cache: tsm-13284.pdf plain text: tsm-13284.txt item: #13 of 149 id: tsm-13317 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: Editorial pages No. 1 (9) 2016 date: 2017-04-08 words: 1058 flesch: 31 summary: (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. keywords: adobe; pdf; poland; toruń cache: tsm-13317.pdf plain text: tsm-13317.txt item: #14 of 149 id: tsm-13554 author: Pięta, Piotr title: Recenzja książki Agnieszki Pawłowskiej "Samorząd terytorialny w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki" date: 2018-03-30 words: 803 flesch: 50 summary: Researchers notes that Polish self-government functions on the basis of such local government as French and Danish. This section describes the election process and forms of direct democracy in local government units in individual states. keywords: government; self cache: tsm-13554.pdf plain text: tsm-13554.txt item: #15 of 149 id: tsm-13978 author: Tomaszewska, Natalia; Starzyk, Adam title: CONCEPTION OF INTERMARIUM IN POLISH FOREIGN POLICY IN XXI CENTURY date: 2017-10-21 words: 7715 flesch: 52 summary: tsm2017.indd Torun Interna onal Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Adam Starzyk*, Natalia Tomaszewska**1 CONCEPTION OF INTERMARIUM IN POLISH FOREIGN POLICY IN XXI CENTURY ABSTRACT Poland interests and her policy are strongly determined by her geopolitical conditions. In this article the Authors will present short history of conception Intermarium, main assumptions of polish foreign policy and will try to answer the question is this conception is still present in polish foreign policy, even if in changed form of Three Seas. keywords: central; cooperation; countries; eastern; europe; european; foreign; intermarium; july; poland; policy; polish; region; russia; seas; states; ukraine cache: tsm-13978.pdf plain text: tsm-13978.txt item: #16 of 149 id: tsm-14390 author: Czarnecka, Adrianna title: DEVELOPMENT OF FAIR TRADE IDEAS date: 2017-08-31 words: 4928 flesch: 55 summary: NETWORKING AND CO OPERATIVES AS A COHESIVE SOCIETY S ince the mid-1970s, Fair Trade organizations around the world began to meet regularly informally at conferences. Currently over two thirds of Fair Trade products are sold in mainstream catering and retail. keywords: concept; countries; development; european; fair; idea; international; movement; organizations; products; system; trade; wfto; world cache: tsm-14390.pdf plain text: tsm-14390.txt item: #17 of 149 id: tsm-14968 author: Wawrzusiszyn, Andrzej title: MIGRATION POLICY AND THE CROSS-BORDER SECURITY date: 2017-10-21 words: 4908 flesch: 45 summary: Keywords: European Union, cross-border security, migration crisis, threats and challenges, migration program INTRODUCTION Only in 2015 1,3 million applications for asylum were submitted in the European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland which gives two times bigger number than in the previous year. keywords: asylum; border; countries; crisis; european; european union; management; migrants; migration; people; policy; rady; states; union cache: tsm-14968.pdf plain text: tsm-14968.txt item: #18 of 149 id: tsm-15035 author: Mykhailyshyn, Vasyl title: THE INFLUENCE OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE ON THE MODERNIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN ARMED FORCES SINCE 2014 date: 2018-01-31 words: 9448 flesch: 56 summary: Before 2014, Russian military forces in Crimea consisted of a naval base with surface ships of the Black Sea Fleet and a naval infantry brigade in Sevastopol, two naval aviation reg- iments in Kacha and Novofedorovka and a couple of auxiliary units (Áîëòåíêîâ, 2015). The war in Donbas gave Russian military leadership an opportunity to test its land units and new weapons in a real combat. keywords: army; borders; brigade; conflict; crimea; defense; division; forces; influence; military; modernization; motor; nato; november; rifle; russian; sanctions; security; tank; troops; ukraine; units; western cache: tsm-15035.pdf plain text: tsm-15035.txt item: #19 of 149 id: tsm-15594 author: Walewicz, Piotr title: DIFFERENT FOCI OF FOREIGN POLICY ANALYSIS IN „FOREIGN AFFAIRS”: RUSSIAN POLICY TOWARDS THE WEST IN 1999͵2013 date: 2018-02-04 words: 4689 flesch: 58 summary: It is also concluded that combining the realist, liberal internationalist and constructivist attitudes would have allowed for a more comprehensive analysis of the process of creation of Russian foreign policy. Keywords: Russian foreign policy, international relations theories, Foreign Affairs, foreign policy analysis 1. keywords: affairs; analysts; december; policy; putin; relations; russian; u.s cache: tsm-15594.pdf plain text: tsm-15594.txt item: #20 of 149 id: tsm-15638 author: Mysłowska, Julia Monika; Sosin, Sylwia title: THE NUCLEAR DISPUTE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND NORTH KOREA date: 2018-01-30 words: 6343 flesch: 67 summary: North Korea hydrogen bomb: read the full announcement from Pyongyang. Then Perry added that if South Korea or the US have any preemptive attack, North Korea will react militarily, starting with South Korea. keywords: china; january; korea; north; north korea; nuclear; south; states; trump; u.s; united; world cache: tsm-15638.pdf plain text: tsm-15638.txt item: #21 of 149 id: tsm-15658 author: Dworski, Michał title: REPUBLIC IN EXILE ͵ POLITICAL LIFE OF POLISH EMIGRATION IN UNITED KINGDOM AFTER SECOND WORLD WAR date: 2018-02-25 words: 4976 flesch: 60 summary: The results of June crisis started the division of polish political emigration in Great Brit- ain. The lack of agreement and also situation with Mikołajczyk were additionally developing the crisis of polish political emigration (Buczek, 1996; Friszke, 1999, Hładkiewicz, 1994). keywords: council; emigration; exile; friszke; government; london; national; parties; poland; polish; president; stronnictwo; zaleski cache: tsm-15658.pdf plain text: tsm-15658.txt item: #22 of 149 id: tsm-15699 author: Redo, Magdalena title: SHUTTING DOWN OF THE QUANTITATIVE EASING PROGRAMME BY EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK AS A THREAT TO THE MARKET COST OF CAPITAL AMONG LESS CREDIBLE EU MEMBER STATES date: 2018-03-16 words: 7581 flesch: 55 summary: There is a solution of further interest reduction (below zero), but there are already vis- ible threats connected with long-lasting low interest rates that can affect the financial system and weaken the mechanism of transmitting ECB monetary policy which might level possible advantages of such reduction. Keywords: central bank, monetary policy, quantitative easing, balance sheet, market cost of capital, economic prospects 1. keywords: balance; bank; capital; central; debt; ecb; fed; policy; programme; purchase; securities; sheet cache: tsm-15699.pdf plain text: tsm-15699.txt item: #23 of 149 id: tsm-15752 author: Wiczanowska, Hanna Monika title: THE ADEQUACY OF CONSTITUTIONAL COMPLAIN AS AN EXTRAORDINARY MEAN OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION – COMPARISON OF THE SOLUTIONS OF POLAND AND GERMANY date: 2018-06-28 words: 10540 flesch: 39 summary: A COMPARISON OF POLISH AND GERMAN SOLUTIONS ABSTRACT The primary purpose of this article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the institution of constitutional complaint within the legal systems of Poland and Germany. Moreover, the paper will rely on a dogmatic analysis of the appropriate regulations regarding constitutional complaints within the two abovementioned legal systems. keywords: article; complaint; court; federal; freedoms; law; objective; polish; protection; rights; scope cache: tsm-15752.pdf plain text: tsm-15752.txt item: #24 of 149 id: tsm-15876 author: Adamczyk, Marcin title: Piotr Nowak, NATO poprzez pryzmat wybranych teorii geopolitycznych [NATO from the Point of View of Selected Geopolitical Theories], Wrocław 2017, p. 116 [e-book]. date: 2018-03-31 words: 920 flesch: 49 summary: , NATO POPRZEZ PRYZMAT WYBRANYCH It should be noted that Piotr Nowak’s work is not only the author’s analysis of the future of NATO, based on selected geopolitical theories, but it is also an interesting description of them and a compen- dium of knowledge about the organisation itself. keywords: book; chapter; nato cache: tsm-15876.pdf plain text: tsm-15876.txt item: #25 of 149 id: tsm-15883 author: Rutkowska, Patrycja; Adamczyk, Marcin title: CHINA AND ASIAͳPACIFIC REGION IN CHINA’S MILITARY STRATEGY date: 2018-02-24 words: 8234 flesch: 60 summary: Journal of Contemporary China, 10(26), 33–39. Yang, Z. (2016, March 24). The White Paper of Defence, published every two years by the Ministry of National Defence of the People’s Republic of China aims to explain the ongoing evolution. keywords: 2015; adamczyk; asia; china; chinese; countries; december; defence; development; international; january; japan; military; paper; people; policy; prc; region; republic; security; taiwan; usa; white; world cache: tsm-15883.pdf plain text: tsm-15883.txt item: #26 of 149 id: tsm-16494 author: Krawiec, Magdalena; Noga, Marian title: CONCEPTUALIZING CREATIVE ECONOMY date: 2018-04-14 words: 4746 flesch: 43 summary: Creative economy is not an organism in any of the following senses: – In a physical or biological sense because it is not endowed with a control centre analogous to a central nervous system – In a mental sense, because it is difficult to imagine any supraindividual material entity that would be a mental entity controlling creative economy CONCEPTUALIZING CREATIVE ECONOMY 131 Fig.1. Creative economy is exactly such an “imaginary chem- ical compound”, which we would like to thoroughly scrutinize in order to be able to answer two fundamental questions in an economic theory: 1) Can we, studying economic reality, abstract from feedbacks and synergies caused by the emergence or development and functioning of creative economy as well as ab- stract from the influence of creative economy exerted upon the quality of life and social well-being? 2) Will studying creative economy, eg. keywords: business; cities; creativity; culture; development; economy; entity; european; goods; sectors; state cache: tsm-16494.pdf plain text: tsm-16494.txt item: #27 of 149 id: tsm-16886 author: Pinteric, Uros title: UNDERSTANDING POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TRANSITION IN POST-YUGOSLAV SERBIA AND SLOVENIA date: 2018-03-30 words: 5501 flesch: 49 summary: p. 286) is explaining this disability to start economic transition the fact that ruling elite in Serbia was rejecting economic reforms and avoiding structural reforms in the whole period of Mi- lošević’s regime. Conservative federative communist leadership blocked his ideas and Kavčič with his liberal fraction was removed from Slovenian political leadership in 1972. keywords: development; economy; gdp; idea; level; serbia; slovenia; time; transition; war; yugoslavia cache: tsm-16886.pdf plain text: tsm-16886.txt item: #28 of 149 id: tsm-16894 author: Bartczak, Monika title: THE UNIFORMIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLES OF TRADE SECRET PROTECTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LAW ͵ THE IMPLICATIONS FOR POLISH LAW. A STUDY OF SELECTED ISSUES date: 2018-01-31 words: 8783 flesch: 51 summary: And this very group of information includes trade information. In the judgement of 3 October 2000 (ICKN 304/00), the Supreme Court (Sąd Najwyższy) defined trade information as an “entirety of experience and data useful for running business and not directly connected with a production cycle”. keywords: art; directive; disclosure; information; paragraph; protection; regulations; trade information; trade secret; use; uznk cache: tsm-16894.pdf plain text: tsm-16894.txt item: #29 of 149 id: tsm-16926 author: Górniewicz, Grzegorz title: POLISH EXTERNAL DEBT date: 2018-12-31 words: 6093 flesch: 59 summary: 103–115 Published online December, 2018 DOI: h p://dx.doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.009 G G104 3. 1980s – despite reductions, Polish debts continued to grow systematically, mainly because of the fact that the country was not able to completely repay the mature in- stallments and interests (only 1/3 of due amounts); 4. 1990s – the implementation of structural adjustment programmes made creditors reduce Polish external debts in an unprecedented way (the Paris Club reduced them by approximately 50%), however the problem of debt repayment remained unsolved; 5. The rapid growth of Polish external debts was affected by the factors related to the cred- itors and to the debtor itself. keywords: bank; countries; credits; debt; górniewicz; poland; polish; time; usd; years cache: tsm-16926.pdf plain text: tsm-16926.txt item: #30 of 149 id: tsm-18483 author: Kaviaka, Iryna title: RATIONALISTIC DIRECTION IN ANGLO-AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: BASIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF GERMAN QUESTION IN POSTWAR DECADE date: 2018-12-04 words: 3921 flesch: 55 summary: At the same time, under the influence of a number of factors – the Berlin blockade, the Czechoslovak crisis, the successful testing of the USSR atomic system, the communist victory in China, the beginning of the war in Korea – Western states agreed on the issue of West Germany rearmament. The authors note that the scheme proposed by the British Prime Minister allowed, on the one hand, to give in to the United States on the issue of West Germany rearmament, and, on the other hand, reliably integrate the German forces into the NATO structure and prevent the withdrawal of American troops from Europe (Dockrill, 1989), (Mawby, 1999), (Watt, 1965). keywords: american; cold; german; problem; soviet; united; war; western cache: tsm-18483.pdf plain text: tsm-18483.txt item: #31 of 149 id: tsm-18532 author: Kindrachuk, Nadiya Myroslavivna title: DENYING THE EXISTENSE OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL STATE IN THE HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF THE UKRAINE SSR: END OF THE 60'S – 70'S OF THE XXTH CENTURY date: 2018-11-23 words: 3375 flesch: 49 summary: Particularly tough ideological pressure on Ukrainian historical science intensified after the removal of P. Shelest, the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in 1972, and the coming to power of a supporter of the Kremlin’s political course, V. Shcherbytsky, and the election of the prominent ideologist of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and a fierce fighter of “Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism “V. Malanchuk. Certain historical events and figures of Ukrainian national history were artificially forgotten. keywords: communist; history; national; party; state; ukraine; ukrainian cache: tsm-18532.pdf plain text: tsm-18532.txt item: #32 of 149 id: tsm-18537 author: Tereshchuk, Vitaliy title: AFRICAN REGIONAL MEDIA SYSTEM IN POST-BIPOLAR ERA date: 2018-12-04 words: 6208 flesch: 49 summary: The development of private initiatives in the African media land- scape, which were triggered by the processes of liberalization and the development of ICT, as a priori more flexible and adequate to meet real needs will help to identify the actual trends in the development of African media and their integration into the global media landscape, to identify the needs and prospects of transnational cooperation, and, more broadly, to an- swer the questions of whether pan-African media system will have real outlines, functionality and value for the countries of the region, or there will be several regional and transregional systems. Secondly, there is an attempt by the African media environment to create Pan-African media, being guided by commercial needs and operated under the conditions of liberalized information space, are quite successful, unlike the failed projects that took place during the Cold War, being politically motivated and operating in rather undemocratic environment. keywords: african; broadcasting; colonial; countries; french; international; language; media; news; radio; region; service; system; world cache: tsm-18537.pdf plain text: tsm-18537.txt item: #33 of 149 id: tsm-18556 author: Kordonska, Aleksandra; Hurnyak, Ihor title: EFFICIENT USE OF COMMON RESOURCES IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT date: 2018-12-30 words: 6756 flesch: 46 summary: Local communities in many countries have been seeking to improve sustainability. According to the report, local governments are policy makers, catalysts of change, and the level of government best placed to link global goals with local communities. keywords: communities; community; council; development; governments; meeting; members; municipalities; public; resources; sdg; ukraine; use cache: tsm-18556.pdf plain text: tsm-18556.txt item: #34 of 149 id: tsm-18560 author: Moskal, Anna title: THE IMPACT OF BREXIT ON THE EUROPEAN UNION’S FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION date: 2018-11-23 words: 6209 flesch: 61 summary: Fifteen years later no fewer than 10 new countries joined the EU, followed by Bulgaria and Romania, which achieved the status of EU member states in 2007. Keywords: Brexit, European Union, withdrawal, European future, development scenarios * Faculty of Law and Administration, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, e-mail: annamaria- moskal@gmail.com 2018, No. 1 (11), pp. keywords: brexit; commission; european; european commission; european union; future; integration; kingdom; member; referendum; scenario; states; united cache: tsm-18560.pdf plain text: tsm-18560.txt item: #35 of 149 id: tsm-18649 author: Shvedun, Viktoriia title: INTERSTATE REFORMS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS INTERACTION WITH NATO date: 2018-11-23 words: 3829 flesch: 42 summary: tsm2018.indd Torun Interna onal Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Viktoriia Shvedun*1 INTERSTATE REFORMS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS INTERACTION WITH NATO ABSTRACT The present paper highlights the procedures of implementing Ukraine’s interstate reforms in the context of its interaction with NATO. Finally, the present article purports to forecast a number of Ukraine’s possible interstate programs pertinent to its interaction with NATO as well as the potential development of efficient mechanisms for the implementation thereof. keywords: cooperation; interaction; nato; programs; quantity; reforms; ukraine cache: tsm-18649.pdf plain text: tsm-18649.txt item: #36 of 149 id: tsm-18664 author: Moldovan, Anton title: POLAND'S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY IN A NEW REGIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. CASE STUDY: NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF POLAND (2014) date: 2018-12-31 words: 7645 flesch: 45 summary: Keywords: national security, military aggression, sense of insecurity, threats, enhancing security, defen- sive capabilities, national security strategy of Poland, NATO 1. INSTITUTIONALIZING THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY Once the essential conceptual frameworks of national security have been established, the next step is that of conceptualizing national security strategy. keywords: eastern; military; nato; poland; policy; polish; republic; russian; security; security policy; security strategy; strategy cache: tsm-18664.pdf plain text: tsm-18664.txt item: #37 of 149 id: tsm-19029 author: Walewicz, Piotr title: “GREENING” THE CRITICAL THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS WITH THE CONCEPT OF WORLD-ECOLOGY date: 2019-01-31 words: 5209 flesch: 48 summary: The problem is that ecocentrism is in itself politically indeterminate, but the Society-in-Nature and Na- ture-in-Society categories combined with Moore’s interpretation of capitalism make this key concept of Green International Relations theory politically determinate. Patterson points out the sim- ilarities between this image of Green International Relations Theory that he constructed with other critical approaches, which include the matter of value distinction, resisting the concen- tration of power, emancipation and focus on political economy. keywords: anthropocene; environmental; green; issues; moore; nature; relations; theory; world cache: tsm-19029.pdf plain text: tsm-19029.txt item: #38 of 149 id: tsm-19210 author: Tyushka, Andriy title: HYBRID WAR(FARE): THE CHALLENGE OF CONTAGION date: 2019-02-28 words: 12591 flesch: 49 summary: Herein, the insights from biology and politics – biopolitics – might help better under- stand the viral logic and dynamics of hybrid warfare contagion as a process of ‘cross-polli- nation’ (cf. e.g.: Bell 2012: 232). Keywords: hybrid war; hybrid warfare; contagion; proliferation; Russia 1. keywords: actors; conflict; contagion; context; determination; europe; foreign; hybrid; hybrid war(fare; january; kremlin; methods; military; new; non; policy; public; russia; self; spread; state; ukraine; war(fare; warfare; world cache: tsm-19210.pdf plain text: tsm-19210.txt item: #39 of 149 id: tsm-19306 author: Albegar, Abduladhim Moamer; Dziuba, Szymon; Ali, Hashem Saad Ahmed; Khlafalla-Omar, Omer title: THE PROPOSAL SYSTEM OF SUPPORTING ECONOMIC EFFECTS FOR INTRODUCING NEW EDIBLE OILS TO THE LIBYAN MARKET date: 2019-01-30 words: 3308 flesch: 55 summary: The last part is the economic justification to fulfill market demand by launching new oils of high qual- ity serving many purposes and at the same time being cheaper. Hence, the idea of filling this deficit by finding new oils consisting of various blends of imported oils and searching for these blends are both in line with Libya’s needs. keywords: libya; market; mixtures; oils; parameters; smo; system; vegetable cache: tsm-19306.pdf plain text: tsm-19306.txt item: #40 of 149 id: tsm-19824 author: Wiczanowska, Hanna Monika title: SEARCHING COMMON EUROPEAN STANDARDS REGARDING BLASPHEMY? ANALYSIS OF ITALIAN, IRISH, AUSTRIAN REGULATION FROM THE LIGHT OF THE ECHR date: 2019-06-26 words: 10716 flesch: 48 summary: It shall be stated that certain differences in the scope of protection granted towards freedom of expres- sion and freedom of religion arises solely from the actual wording of provisions safeguarding such freedoms, especially from the construction of the limitation clauses as well as axiological basis attributed to both of these rights. While concretizing the role of the concept of democratic society for the freedom of expression, it shall be stipulated that each intervention of the public authori- ties of the State in such freedom must fulfill the requirement of the necessity in a democratic society. keywords: article; blasphemy; case; ecthr; european; expression; freedom; human; law; protection; religion; rights; society; standard; states cache: tsm-19824.pdf plain text: tsm-19824.txt item: #41 of 149 id: tsm-19922 author: Czarnecka, Adrianna title: MIGRATION CRISIS IN 2013 AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE LACK OF POLITICAL COHESION OF EU COUNTRIES date: 2019-01-14 words: 5033 flesch: 65 summary: 143 increasingly hearing about the possibility of suspending or terminating the agreement at the will of the government in Ankara, which could lead to the flooding of EU countries with immigrants currently in Turkey (the Austrailian, 2016). They emphasized that the trip cost their property, they left their families and everything they had for the chance of reaching EU countries. keywords: border; countries; country; crisis; european; immigrants; january; migration; people; situation cache: tsm-19922.pdf plain text: tsm-19922.txt item: #42 of 149 id: tsm-20521 author: Pacek, Piotr; Danyk, Yuriy; Semenkova, Maryna title: PATTERNS OF THE MIGRATION DURING THE HYBRID WARFARE AND ITS CONFLICTOGENITY date: 2019-09-10 words: 6330 flesch: 53 summary: Thus, we must identify three groups of regularities – related to the characteristics of migration flows, to the horizontal inequality and to the im- pact of migration flows on the possibility of new conflicts in the areas of migrants’ destination. Keywords: migration, horizontal inequality, hybrid conflict, cognitive influence, propaganda, manip- ulative technologies, conflictogenity 1. keywords: conflict; hybrid; inequality; level; migrants; migration; new; patterns; people; place; population; socio; zone cache: tsm-20521.pdf plain text: tsm-20521.txt item: #43 of 149 id: tsm-20570 author: Walewicz, Piotr title: HOW INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS SCHOLARS EXPLAIN THE WORLD: A WORLD-ECOLOGICAL CRITIQUE date: 2019-09-01 words: 5040 flesch: 53 summary: The approach combines the Crit- ical Theory of International Relations with the concept of world-ecology by Jason W. Moore in order to create a framework for analyzing modern International Relations discourse in its relation to the global capitalist economy, global power relations and the environment. As mentioned, the analysis is based first on the Critical Theory of International Relations, whose main point is that the traditional theories and paradigms contribute to the processes of stabilizing the existing structures of world order. keywords: climate; global; kotkin; moore; nature; order; power; relations; theory; world cache: tsm-20570.pdf plain text: tsm-20570.txt item: #44 of 149 id: tsm-20908 author: Sawicka, Zofia title: NEW MEDIA-NEW ALGERIAN ARAB SPRING? date: 2019-10-30 words: 7507 flesch: 56 summary: Critical discourse analysis of Algerian new media conducted by the author shows that despite a lack of active actions in 2011, youth movements appeared in Algeria and led the protests in 2019 not only on the Internet but also in the “offline” world. In Algeria, despite the fact that social media “have not yet reached maturity” (among others, because of illiteracy, mis- management, a lack of freedom of speech or true democracy), they are gradually becoming political and start constituting public spaces for those excluded from the mainstream politics and media. keywords: algeria; algerians; arab; bouteflika; country; internet; june; media; new; people; protests; public; regime; retrieved; spring; world cache: tsm-20908.pdf plain text: tsm-20908.txt item: #45 of 149 id: tsm-27036 author: Czarny, Roman Stanisław title: THE ARCTIC: NUMEROUS INTERESTS AND MULTIPLE PLAYERS date: 2019-12-21 words: 8688 flesch: 51 summary: The EU (represented by the European Commission) has nonetheless been attending Arctic Council meetings as an ad-hoc observer by consecutively requesting participation. In reality, the coveted po- sition as a ‘permanent’ observer does not entail much more than a regular invitation to attend Arctic Council meetings and the opportunity to contribute to its working groups, an option already available to ad-hoc observers (Arctic Council-e. n.d.). keywords: arctic; arctic council; canada; china; chinese; council; countries; february; greenland; international; meeting; ministerial; n.d; norway; observer; states; united; world cache: tsm-27036.pdf plain text: tsm-27036.txt item: #46 of 149 id: tsm-27590 author: Kordonska, Aleksandra title: IRELAND’S COMPETITIVENESS PERFORMANCE: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS date: 2019-12-10 words: 8684 flesch: 44 summary: In the light of economic competitiveness what should also be provided is a deeper anal- ysis of business and institutional environment as well as the production and trade structure for obtaining the overall performance. Ireland Competitiveness Ranking. keywords: 2019; bank; challenges; competitiveness; countries; development; economic; economy; factors; growth; imd; international; investment; ireland; irish; market; national; performance; position; world cache: tsm-27590.pdf plain text: tsm-27590.txt item: #47 of 149 id: tsm-28087 author: Prokop, Maryana; Hrehorowicz, Arleta title: BETWEEN POLITICAL APATHY AND POLITICAL PASSIVITY. THE CASE OF MODERN RUSSIAN SOCJETY date: 2019-12-20 words: 7938 flesch: 46 summary: The results of this analysis allow us to determine the level of political apathy and political activity of the society. Krystyna Skarżyńska analyzed a relationship between political activity and political pas- sivity. keywords: activity; apathy; elections; federation; participation; parties; percent; possibility; russian; russian federation; society cache: tsm-28087.pdf plain text: tsm-28087.txt item: #48 of 149 id: tsm-28149 author: Żakowski, Karol title: FROM COUNTERBALANCING TO ENGAGING CHINA: SHIFT IN JAPAN’S APPROACH TOWARDS THE NEW INTERNATIONAL ORDER IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC UNDER THE SECOND ABE ADMINISTRATION date: 2019-12-28 words: 6617 flesch: 49 summary: While emphasizing that Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, disputed between Japan and China, fell within the scope of the US–Japan alliance, Trump said that Japan would benefit from good relations between the PRC and the US. Due to frictions between Japan and the other two countries, the summits were suspended in 2013–2014 and 2016–2017, but in May 2018 Prime Minister Abe hosted the seventh meeting in Tokyo. keywords: abe; affairs; asia; china; foreign; japan; minister; ministry; new; order; pacific; policy; tokyo; trade cache: tsm-28149.pdf plain text: tsm-28149.txt item: #49 of 149 id: tsm-28535 author: Posłuszna, Elżbieta title: INFERIORITY AND VIOLENCE - ISLAMIST TERRORISM SEEN AGAINST THE RESSENTIMENT THEORY date: 2019-12-29 words: 5959 flesch: 50 summary: CONCLUSIONS: IN SEARCH FOR A SOLUTION Is it possible to prevent ressentiment fundamentalism and fanaticism? Following Langman and Mor- ris, terrorism allows at least a partial redirection of ressentiment hatred and its turning now outside, towards those who have become the subject of contempt and condemnation, thanks 2 keywords: culture; fundamentalism; islamic; langman; morris; nietzsche; phenomenon; power; research; ressentiment; self; terrorism; values cache: tsm-28535.pdf plain text: tsm-28535.txt item: #50 of 149 id: tsm-28633 author: Pacek, Piotr; Truszczyński, Olaf title: HYBRID WAR AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES date: 2020-02-29 words: 4430 flesch: 52 summary: Comorbidity of PTSD and depression among refugee children during war conflict. As defined by Bogusław Pacek (Pacek, 2018), hybrid war is a military conflict conducted with the participation of states, international organizations, national and social groups, conducted using all available means of combat (from very traditional to the most modern) involving soldiers and civilians, started after declaration of war or without announcing it, carried out with the use of measures provided for by law or in violation of law, with the significant par- ticipation of non-military measures, and the wide-scale application of economic, political, information and propaganda activities about various attack objects (states, societies, organi- zations, nations) and aimed at overcoming the opposing party or forcing the desired action (behavior) on it”. keywords: behavior; conflict; consequences; hybrid; people; ptsd; situation; soldiers; stress; symptoms; war cache: tsm-28633.pdf plain text: tsm-28633.txt item: #51 of 149 id: tsm-28672 author: Karpchuk, Nataliia; Yuskiv, Bohdan title: POLITICAL COMMUNICATION DISCORD BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE CITIZENS: THE CASE OF UKRAINE date: 2019-12-29 words: 5867 flesch: 36 summary: Current research in political communication is based on three models of interaction be- tween media and politics by D. C. Hallin and P. Mancini (Hallin & Mancini, 2004), who, after four theories of the press by F. T. Siebert, Th. B. Peterson, and W. Schramm (Siebert, Peterson & Schramm, 1956), and their critique by F. Webster (Webster, 1995), became best known for the development of public communications in democratic societies. Communication policy of the gov- ernment is aimed at involving citizens in the decision-making process while communication activity of the citizens is oriented on the formation of public opinion, the exchange of ideas and arguments and, later on, on the influence on the government and the decision-mak- ing process. keywords: citizens; communication; communication policy; government; information; interaction; process; public; society; state; ukraine cache: tsm-28672.pdf plain text: tsm-28672.txt item: #52 of 149 id: tsm-29122 author: Ciosek, Ireneusz title: AGGRAVATING UNCERTAINTY – RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE IN THE WEST date: 2020-04-24 words: 8167 flesch: 48 summary: tsm2020.indd Torun Interna onal Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Ireneusz Ciosek*1 ORCID: 0000-0002-7517-5329 AGGRAVATING UNCERTAINTY RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE IN THE WEST ABSTRACT According to vast evidence material, Russia actively tries to influence the situation in Western societies by creating and aggravating uncertainty with the usage of weaponized information. The scientific literature analyzing the question of Russian information war against the West is extensive and still growing. keywords: crisis; disinformation; february; foreign; information; media; military; nato; new; nuclear; policy; power; russian; societies; states; uncertainty; warfare; west; western cache: tsm-29122.pdf plain text: tsm-29122.txt item: #53 of 149 id: tsm-29144 author: Zhorzholiani, Tinatin title: THE ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION IMPACT ON THE INFLOW OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (IN THE CASE OF GEORGIA, ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN) date: 2019-12-31 words: 5143 flesch: 56 summary: Johnson and Dahlström conclude that in developing countries corruption has a negative influence on the inflow of foreign direct investment. THE ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION IMPACT ON THE INFLOW... 183 2. LITERATURE REVIEW While there are many different definitions of corruption in the modern economic literature, the one given by the World Bank, which is (WB) “the abuse of public power for private gain” (World Bank, 2000) and by Transparency International (TI), which is “the abuse of entrusted power for private gain” (Transparency International, 2017), are the ones which are most often applied. keywords: azerbaijan; corruption; countries; country; cpi; economic; fdi; georgia; index; inflows; international; investment cache: tsm-29144.pdf plain text: tsm-29144.txt item: #54 of 149 id: tsm-29234 author: Simionescu, Mihaela title: THE STATUS ON LABOUR MARKET OF THE ROMANIAN IMMIGRANTS FROM ITALY date: 2020-03-18 words: 4220 flesch: 55 summary: Using statistical tests, random-effects ordered logistic regressions and generalized ridge regres- sion model based on the survey data, the results showed significant differences between the number of males and females for Romanian immigrants in the period 2006–2018. A first decrease in the number of Romanian immigrants from Italy in this decade was ob- served in 2011 because of the economic recession, the men being more affected the females by this crisis. keywords: crisis; immigrants; italy; labour; market; migration; number; romanian; unemployment cache: tsm-29234.pdf plain text: tsm-29234.txt item: #55 of 149 id: tsm-29238 author: Amarasinghe, Punsara; Rajhans, Sanjay Kumar title: TRACING THE CIVILIZATIONAL INFLUENCES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL LAW date: 2020-02-29 words: 9083 flesch: 42 summary: For instance, Russia’s denial of admitting individuals as a subject of international law stands as a pivotal feature in post-Soviet confrontation with western international law. The 19th century European international law scholars could not imagine universal- izing international law beyond European geopolitical space as their concept of international law was a unique product of the special civilization of modern Europe. keywords: china; chinese; civilization; european; great; international; law; nations; order; peter; russia; shafirov; soviet; state; values; western cache: tsm-29238.pdf plain text: tsm-29238.txt item: #56 of 149 id: tsm-29382 author: Ivanov, Denys title: THE U.S. AND U.K. STRATEGIES TOWARDS RUSSIA AND THE BALKANS SINCE 1991 date: 2020-06-17 words: 7381 flesch: 51 summary: The Russian government used the recognition of Kosovo as a precedent for the official recognition D I160 of pro-Russian governments of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. The nationalist sentiment in Russia concluded in the discreditation of pro-Western approaches in Russian foreign policy as a betrayal of national interests, and the Yeltsin government began to adopt a harsh position to contain the growing popularity of communists and nationalists in the country. keywords: conflict; crisis; foreign; government; nato; new; policy; russia; security; soviet; u.k; u.s; ukraine; united; war cache: tsm-29382.pdf plain text: tsm-29382.txt item: #57 of 149 id: tsm-29545 author: Gębska, Marta Halina title: HUMAN TRAFFICKING AS A CHALLENGE FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND SECURITY IN EUROPE date: 2020-04-24 words: 7722 flesch: 50 summary: Moreover the Palermo Protocole appeals to the Resolution of United Nations General Assembly no. 53/111, adopted on the 9th December 1998, which established the intergovernmental committee to prepare international convention against transnational organised crime and to draw up international legal instrument to protect human trafficking victims, especially women and children. The paper offers the definition of human trafficking and reviews international documents concerning human trafficking. keywords: beings; central; countries; crime; eastern; eastern europe; europe; european; south; trafficking; unodc; victims cache: tsm-29545.pdf plain text: tsm-29545.txt item: #58 of 149 id: tsm-29576 author: Stakanov, Roman; Ukhova, Anna title: DIGITIZATION AND ROBOTIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY AS A KEY DETERMINANT OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOR MARKET TRANSFORMATION date: 2020-06-17 words: 5683 flesch: 38 summary: Virtual migration does not cancel the physical migration of workers, they are both part of labor migration in the global economy. Virtual migration does not abolish the physical migration of DIGITIZATION AND ROBOTIZATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY... 99 workers; both of them are part of labor migration in the global economy. keywords: countries; digital; economy; global; international; labor; market; migration; robotization; virtual; workers; world cache: tsm-29576.pdf plain text: tsm-29576.txt item: #59 of 149 id: tsm-29661 author: Senanayake, Dilan Prasad Harsha title: UNDERSTANDING THE DRAGON’S ENTRY TO SOUTH ASIA: REVISITING THE REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX THEORY date: 2020-05-04 words: 9876 flesch: 51 summary: Barry Buzan and the Copenhagen School set the theoretical foundation for regional security complex: “a group of states must possess a greater degree of security interdependence which is sufficient both to establish them as a linked set and to differentiate them from surrounding security regions” (Buzan & Waever, 2003, pp.47–48). The gradual UNDERSTANDING THE DRAGON’S ENTRY TO SOUTH ASIA... 81 increase of Chinese military and political appearance in Sri Lanka forced India to change their foreign policy towards Sri Lanka to address the national security priorities of India while maintaining the order of regional security complex. keywords: bri; china; chinese; countries; government; india; lanka; national; nepal; projects; relations; security complex; south; south asia; sri; sri lanka; states cache: tsm-29661.pdf plain text: tsm-29661.txt item: #60 of 149 id: tsm-29673 author: Jędrzejewska, Karolina Zuzanna title: HASBARA: PUBLIC DIPLOMACY WITH ISRAELI CHARACTERISTICS date: 2020-05-10 words: 7818 flesch: 53 summary: The debate on Israeli hasbara conduct in case of this research begins with a short introduction of the setting and context within which Israeli public diplomacy is conducted and the aspects that influence Israel image abroad and its position in the international arena in order to further examine the factors, serving as a basis for further debate on the effective- ness of hasbara conduct and for presenting the findings. The debate on Israeli hasbara conduct should start with short introduction of the setting and context within which Israeli public diplomacy is conducted and the aspects that influence Israel image abroad in order to further examine the factors that define Israel and its position in the international arena. keywords: diplomacy; foreign; hasbara; idf; international; israel; media; new; order; policy; public; research; state; war cache: tsm-29673.pdf plain text: tsm-29673.txt item: #61 of 149 id: tsm-29998 author: Skripkiūnas, Tomas; Navickas, Valentinas title: MACRO DYNAMICS OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKET VALUE: TEMPORAL EFFECTS date: 2020-06-17 words: 4665 flesch: 52 summary: Given that behavioral econom- ics accounts for a significant part of irrationality of market behavior, the hypothesis can be ventured that architecture, as a human interaction in the process, can have its own causal role in fixing real estate market value. The results show a distinction between Slovenia, in which the relationship between real estate market value and stock index was found to be statistically significant, and other countries in which that relationship was not found to be statistically significant. keywords: architecture; estate; estate market; factors; housing; housing market; market; market value; prices; value cache: tsm-29998.pdf plain text: tsm-29998.txt item: #62 of 149 id: tsm-30252 author: Zajęcki, Rafał; Shuliak, Antonina; Fesyk, Olesya title: USING PUBLIC DIPLOMACY FOR CREATING INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY – THE CASE OF POLAND AND SWEDEN date: 2020-07-15 words: 5580 flesch: 53 summary: Yet, it was observed that Sweden is not as good as other states in appealing to global audiences through culture. If he is right in saying that “for the first time in history almost all of humanity is politically activated, politically conscious and politically interactive, [while] global activism is generating a surge in the quest for cultural respect and economic opportunity in a world scarred by memories of colonial or imperial domination”, then Poland presents itself as a state being capable of offering enriching and inspiring lessons to other states (Brzeziński, 2008). keywords: diplomacy; global; international; peace; poland; power; relations; security; states; sweden; world cache: tsm-30252.pdf plain text: tsm-30252.txt item: #63 of 149 id: tsm-30630 author: Pilarczyk-Palaitis, Anna Ewa title: BETWEEN REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING - PROCESSES OF CHANGING TOPICALITY OF POLISH HERITAGE IN CONTEMPORARY LITHUANIA date: 2021-03-31 words: 7169 flesch: 49 summary: The non-inclusion of Polish memory in the official description of this heritage site does not cause controversy among the Polish community in Lithuania. This could mean losing topicality of this place as a symbol of Polish memory. keywords: culture; heritage; identity; lithuania; media; memory; mickiewicz; narratives; objects; piłsudski; place; poles; polish; processes; theatre; vilnius cache: tsm-30630.pdf plain text: tsm-30630.txt item: #64 of 149 id: tsm-33190 author: Żakowski, Karol; Łagnowska, Sylwia title: SYMBOLS MATTER: IMPERIAL DIPLOMACY IN POSTWAR JAPAN date: 2022-06-30 words: 7531 flesch: 49 summary: Keywords: Japan, emperor, diplomacy, foreign policy 1. Both the Constitution and the Imperial House Law did not in any way condition the role and limitations of the ex-emperor, so he could theoretically become involved in political matters, including foreign policy. keywords: akihito; china; countries; diplomacy; emperor; foreign; imperial; japan; japanese; law; minister; prime; relations; visits; war cache: tsm-33190.pdf plain text: tsm-33190.txt item: #65 of 149 id: tsm-33220 author: Karpchuk, Nataliia title: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PROPAGANDA NARRATIVES date: 2021-05-01 words: 5931 flesch: 51 summary: The Russian Federation has a long “successful” history of creating propaganda narratives since Soviet times. The next theories help us substantiate the analysis of propaganda narratives in terms of such criteria as content, technique or asymmetry of interests. keywords: disinformation; europe; european; euvsdisinfo; federation; kremlin; media; narratives; national; propaganda; russian; war; world cache: tsm-33220.pdf plain text: tsm-33220.txt item: #66 of 149 id: tsm-34176 author: Minkina, Mirosław; Kaszuba, Malina title: COLOR REVOLUTIONS AS A THREAT TO SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. THE ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVE date: 2021-09-30 words: 9039 flesch: 49 summary: 6. INSTRUMENTS OF COLOR REVOLUTIONS Russian perception of color revolutions as a threat to national security includes a compre- hensive assessment of possible instruments for such revolutions. Taking that into account, Russian experts fear long-term negative consequences of color revolutions on societal solidarity and unity within multiethnic states that become targets of such revolutions. keywords: authorities; color revolutions; forces; power; protests; researchers; russian; security; situation; social; soviet; space; state; system; ukraine; west cache: tsm-34176.pdf plain text: tsm-34176.txt item: #67 of 149 id: tsm-3428 author: Buszko, Michał title: Foreign currency loans risk and methods of its reduction on the polish financial market date: 2010-05-12 words: 5361 flesch: 56 summary: Czynnikiem, który bezpośrednio decydował o opłacalności kredytowania w polskich złotych, była marża kursowa (spread) występująca w przypadku kredytów w euro. Analizując zjawisko wzrostu zadłużenia z tytułu kredytów denominowanych w walutach obcych, należy zwrócić uwagę na zagadnienie refinansowania rozważa- nych kredytów w polskim systemie bankowym. keywords: banki; bankowego; banków; będzie; dla; domowych; finansowa; gospodarstw; jego; jest; komisja; kredyty; kredytów; kursu; lub; nadzoru; nieruchomości; obcej; obcych; oraz; polsce; polskich; polskim; przez; przypadku; roku; rynku; ryzyko; sektora; się; synteza; sytuacja; także; tym; walucie; walutach; walutowego; walutowych; waluty; warszawa; wartości; wzrost cache: tsm-3428.pdf plain text: tsm-3428.txt item: #68 of 149 id: tsm-3429 author: Cieślik, Ewa title: ThE AcTIvITY Of ThE SOvEREIgN WEAlTh fUNDS IN ThE lIghT Of ThE SUbpRIME MORTgAgE cRISIS date: 2010-05-12 words: 5062 flesch: 50 summary: Jednocześnie 25Działalność państwowych funduszy inwestycyjnych w świetle kryzysu... Z uwagi na fakt, że zasady funkcjonowania funduszy narodowych nie zostały dokładnie zidentyfikowane, w artykule skupiono się na charakterystyce państwo- wych funduszy inwestycyjnych jako instytucji finansowych, określeniu profilu ich aktywności oraz wyszczególnieniu największych inwestycji dokonanych przez SWF w ciągu ostatnich miesięcy, w związku z trwającym kryzysem kredytów ryzykow- nych. Odpisy bilansowe dokonane przez największe światowe korporacje do końca 2007 roku (w mld USD) Korporacja Wartość odpisu Citigroup keywords: authority; bear; china; cic; cieślik; corporation; ewa; financial; funds; funduszy; ich; investment; inwestycji; inwestycyjnych; jednak; kapitałów; kredytów; kryzysu; lynch; merrill; mld; morgan; naftowa; narodowych; nie; oraz; państwowych; przez; roku; ropa; rynku; się; sovereign; stanley; swf; times; ubs; usd; wealth; zob cache: tsm-3429.pdf plain text: tsm-3429.txt item: #69 of 149 id: tsm-34420 author: Tumiwa, Johan Reineer; Tuegeh, Octavia; Bittner, Beata; Nagy, Adrian title: THE CHALLENGES TO DEVELOPING SMART AGRICULTURAL VILLAGE IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0.: THE CASE OF INDONESIA date: 2022-06-30 words: 10359 flesch: 41 summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.059 Albert, J. R. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Quimba, F. M. A., & Vizmanos, J. F. V. (2020). https://doi.org/10.22219/agriecobis. v4i1.15515 Pardo, M. de C., Martínez, P. F., Martínez, J. M. G., & Martín, J. M. M. (2020). keywords: agriculture; concept; development; digital; education; et al; farmers; indonesia; industrial; industry; information; internet; journal; msmes; percent; research; sector; technology; village cache: tsm-34420.pdf plain text: tsm-34420.txt item: #70 of 149 id: tsm-34490 author: Ezenekwe, Uju Regina; NKAMNEBE, ANAYO; Uzonwanne, Maria Chinecherem; NZERIBE, GERALDINE EJIAKA; Madichie, Chekwube Vitus title: THE NEW SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA’S OIL: IMPLICATION FOR LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT date: 2022-06-30 words: 7195 flesch: 51 summary: Oil sector FDI has no significant impact on labour employment in Africa. ii. H1: The impli- cation of the insignificant effect of oil sector FDI on labour employment across the studied nations is that policy action targeted to vary the level of FDI in the oil sector will not sig- nificantly generate real job opportunities. keywords: africa; china; countries; employment; fdi; international; investment; journal; labour; labour employment; oil; scramble; sector; study; world cache: tsm-34490.pdf plain text: tsm-34490.txt item: #71 of 149 id: tsm-3450 author: Dynus, Magdalena title: BRADY BONDS AS A WAY TO FIND A SOLUTION TO A DEBT CRISIS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES date: 2010-05-12 words: 5204 flesch: 64 summary: Stopień redukcji długu w przypadku emisji obligacji Brady’ego z dyskontem wy- branych krajów Kraj Procent redukcji długu Bułgaria 50% Wietnam 50% Ekwador 45% Panama 45% Peru 45% Polska 45% Argentyna 35% Brazylia 35% Dominikana 35% Kostaryka 35% Meksyk 35% Wenezuela 30% Wartość znajdujących się w obiegu obligacji Brady’ego (w mld USD, stan w koń- cu roku) 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 III 07 Argentyna 23,1 keywords: 0,4; bonds; brady’ego; były; debt; dynus; emisji; finansów; ich; jest; kapitału; kraje; krajów; lat; mld; mln; nie; obligacji; obligacji brady’ego; odsetek; oraz; par; por; przez; roku; się; tabela; także; typu; usd; wartości; wartość; wykupu; zadłużenia cache: tsm-3450.pdf plain text: tsm-3450.txt item: #72 of 149 id: tsm-3451 author: Gach, Daniel title: CULTURE ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER date: 2010-05-12 words: 4762 flesch: 46 summary: i rozumienia wybranych uwarunkowań działań zbioro- wych, które również odnoszą się do procesów generowania wiedzy w organizacjach, takich jak20: – rola lidera – wymagań co do posiadanych przez niego kwalifikacji oraz kompe- tencji, cech charakteru itp.; Zaczyna się ono w rodzinie, potem rozwija się w najbliższym otoczeniu, szkole, grupach rówieśniczych, miejscu pra- keywords: aspekty; być; czasu; czy; członków; człowieka; dla; elementy; gach; generowania; grupy; hofstede; ich; innych; itp; jak; jednostki; jej; jest; knowledge; które; których; kultury; mogą; może; oraz; organizacji; procesów; przez; przypadku; również; różnic; sharing; się; też; transferu; tym; warszawa; wiedzy; zarówno; zbiorowości cache: tsm-3451.pdf plain text: tsm-3451.txt item: #73 of 149 id: tsm-3452 author: Górniewicz, Grzegorz title: South America towards the problem of external debt date: 2010-05-12 words: 6503 flesch: 61 summary: Niemały wpływ na wzrost zadłużenia krajów rozwijających się miała również związana z wahaniami terms of trade liberalizacja handlu międzynarodowego, wi- doczna w zasadzie w całym okresie po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. W wyniku spadkowych tendencji w napływie środków zewnętrznych do krajów rozwijających się w latach 80. keywords: ale; bank; banków; brazylia; cen; debt; dla; dolarów; długu; długów; górniewicz; ich; jego; jest; kapitału; kraje; krajów; kredytów; które; kulig; latach; międzynarodowe; mld; nie; obligacje; oraz; państw; południowej; problemu; przez; redukcji; roku; rozwijających; rynku; również; się; swaps; tego; tylko; tym; warszawa; washington; wobec; world; wzrost; zadłużenia; zadłużonych; zagranicznego; zamiana; zewnętrznych; środków cache: tsm-3452.pdf plain text: tsm-3452.txt item: #74 of 149 id: tsm-3454 author: Górniewicz, Grzegorz; Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: Reasons for changes in the international investment position of Poland date: 2010-05-12 words: 4229 flesch: 63 summary: Jeszcze lepiej Polska wypadała w przeszłości w rankingu agencji A.T. Kearney, który bada atrakcyjność dla inwestorów zagranicznych Dzięki nim polska gospodarka zaistniała w sposób znaczący w świe- cie. keywords: bezpośrednie; departament; eur; granicą; inwestycje; inwestycyjna; krajów; latach; międzynarodowa; mld; mln; nbp; oraz; polsce; polski; portfelowe; pozycja; roku; się; statystyki; warszawa; wzrost; zagraniczne; zagranicznych cache: tsm-3454.pdf plain text: tsm-3454.txt item: #75 of 149 id: tsm-3455 author: Jankowska, Ewa title: The level of the economical and social development of Poland and selected Central European countries in 2004–2007 date: 2010-05-12 words: 2770 flesch: 63 summary: Helbich A., Zmiany w poziomie życia w okresie transformacji systemowej, [w:] Zadania społecz- ne, Z. Pisz (red.), Wydawnictwo AE im. Oskara Langego, Wrocław 1996. Na podstawie danych publikowanych w raportach rozwoju społecznego przez UNDP można wnioskować, że w Polsce w porównaniu z innymi keywords: development; development report; hdi; human; latach; new; new york; pkb; report; rozwoju; społecznego; undp; wartości; world; wskaźnik; życia cache: tsm-3455.pdf plain text: tsm-3455.txt item: #76 of 149 id: tsm-34560 author: Backer, Roman title: RUSSIA BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE: THREE POINTS OF VIEW date: 2021-05-30 words: 4390 flesch: 59 summary: The greatest blame of the West is hostile actions against Russia, which, as asserted by Dzarasov, rely on ‘NATO expansion to the East, a num- ber of ‘colour revolutions’ installing in power anti-Russian and pro-Western puppet regimes’ (p. 95). tsm2021.indd Torun Interna onal Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Roman Bäcker*1 ORCID: 0000-0002-3796-3711 RUSSIA BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE: THREE POINTS OF VIEW ABSTRACT Russia can be understood in many different ways. keywords: authors; bolt; götz; kagarlitsky; policy; relations; russia; ukraine; west; world cache: tsm-34560.pdf plain text: tsm-34560.txt item: #77 of 149 id: tsm-3457 author: Moszyński, Michał title: International movements of labour and the process of european integration date: 2010-05-12 words: 6169 flesch: 58 summary: Uwzględniając tę perspektywę, można zauważyć, że w krajach Europy Zachodniej po II wojnie światowej dokonała się ogromna zmiana struktury zatrudnienia – Z zastrzeżeniem ograniczeń uzasadnionych względami porządku, bezpieczeństwa i zdrowia publicznego, swoboda ta obejmuje prawo: a) ubiegania się o rzeczywiście oferowane miejsca pracy, b) swobodnego przemieszczania się w tym celu po terytorium państw człon- kowskich, c) przebywania w jednym z państw członkowskich w celu podjęcia tam pracy, zgodnie z przepisami ustawowymi, wykonawczymi i administracyjnymi doty- czącymi zatrudniania pracowników tego państwa, d) pozostawania na terytorium państwa członkowskiego po keywords: akcesji; bardziej; czynników; członkowskich; dla; european; europejskiej; europy; innych; integracji; jak; jednak; jest; kapitału; krajach; krajami; kraju; krajów; które; labour; lat; michał; migracji; mobility; mobilności; moszyński; może; można; należy; nie; niż; około; osób; polityki; polski; pomiędzy; pracowników; pracy; produkcji; przepływu; przez; roku; rynku; się; tym; unii; warszawa; wynagrodzeń; zarobkowych; zasobów; zatrudnienia cache: tsm-3457.pdf plain text: tsm-3457.txt item: #78 of 149 id: tsm-3458 author: Piotrowicz, Artur; Sobczak, Iwona title: Foreign direct investment in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship date: 2010-05-12 words: 2186 flesch: 49 summary: W latach 2005–2006 dynamika napływu kapitału zagranicznego zmniejszyła się, jednak relacja wartości kapitału zagranicznego w re- gionie do wartości kapitału zagranicznego w kraju podwyższyła się, co można inter- pretować jako wzrost zainteresowania inwestorów województwem kujawsko-pomor- skim jako regionem lokaty kapitału. Liczbę spółek z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego w województwie kujawsko- -pomorskim w latach 1999–2006 przedstawia tabela 4. Tabela 4. keywords: kapitałem; kapitału; kujawsko; podmiotów; pomorskim; roku; spółek; udziałem; województwie; zagranicznego; zagranicznym cache: tsm-3458.pdf plain text: tsm-3458.txt item: #79 of 149 id: tsm-3459 author: Rezmer, Aleksander title: Attractiveness of polish labour market in relation to foreign direct investments date: 2010-05-12 words: 2757 flesch: 60 summary: Zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie w Polsce w 2003 roku, NBP, Depar- tament Statystyki, Warszawa 2004, s. 49, 124; Zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie w Polsce w 2005 roku, NBP, Departament Statystyki, Warszawa 2007, s. 56, 114; Zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie w Polsce w 2006 roku. Ogólną (skumulowaną) wartość inwestycji zagranicznych w Polsce w latach 1996–2006 przedstawia wykres 14. keywords: biz; danych; dla; gus; inwestorów; inwestycji; jest; latach; nie; oraz; podstawie; polsce; polski; pracowników; pracy; roku; rynek; rynku; się; tym; wykres; zagranicznych cache: tsm-3459.pdf plain text: tsm-3459.txt item: #80 of 149 id: tsm-34600 author: RADOMYSKI, Adam Marek title: DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ANTI ACCESS/ANTI DENIAL (A2/AD) CONCEPT AS A THREAT TO NATO AND POLAND date: 2021-07-31 words: 5990 flesch: 53 summary: The destruction range of Russian anti-aircraft missile systems dispersed in Syria on land and sea Source: http://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/1.747305 Another operational area in which the systematically increasing A2/AD capabilities of the Russian Federation can be seen is Syria. Sending Russian forces to Syria was a response to the shooting down of the Russian Su-24M bomber by Turkey on November 24, 2015. keywords: access; anti; area; concept; defense; denial; forces; military; nato; russian; sea; systems cache: tsm-34600.pdf plain text: tsm-34600.txt item: #81 of 149 id: tsm-3461 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: The scale, dynamics and structure of FDI inflow to Romania date: 2010-05-12 words: 3487 flesch: 61 summary: Przytoczone rozmiary zjawiska potwierdzają głoszoną w literaturze tezę o dużej roli BIZ w gospodarce światowej3. W trzech końcowych latach prezentowanych na rysunku 2 (2004–2006) na- stąpiło znaczące przyspieszenie napływu BIZ w omawianym regionie. keywords: bezpośrednich; biz; bułgaria; dla; geneva; investment; inwestycji; jak; jest; krajów; latach; mld; napływu; new; oraz; report; roku; rumunii; się; struktura; tym; usd; world; york; zagranicznych cache: tsm-3461.pdf plain text: tsm-3461.txt item: #82 of 149 id: tsm-3462 author: Wyrzykowska, Monika title: Foreign direct investment in the "new countries" of the European Union - the case of Poland date: 2010-05-12 words: 3549 flesch: 59 summary: Kolejnym działem, w którym koncentrowały się inwestycje w Polsce, był sektor przetwórstwa przemysłowego. Artykuł zawiera analizę strumieni BIZ w „nowych krajach” Unii Europejskiej, w tym zwłaszcza w Polsce, a także prognozy ich napływu. keywords: bezpośrednich; bezpośrednich inwestycji; biz; europejskiej; inwestycji; inwestycji zagranicznych; kapitału; krajach; latach; mln; napływ; nbp; nowych; oraz; polsce; polski; por; roku; się; unii; usd; warszawa; wykres; zagraniczne; zagranicznych; źródło cache: tsm-3462.pdf plain text: tsm-3462.txt item: #83 of 149 id: tsm-34648 author: Jureńczyk, Łukasz title: POLISH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF DONALD TRUMP IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF OFFENSIVE BANDWAGONING date: 2022-06-30 words: 7529 flesch: 45 summary: The exercises as- sumed a dynamic deployment of US forces in Poland, the relocation of American equipment, including M1 Abrams tanks, from warehouses in Germany to Poland, and combined fire ex- ercises at the company level. 63–76 Published online June, 2022 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2022.004 * Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz (Poland), e-mail: lukaszjurenczyk@ukw.edu.pl Łukasz Jureńczyk* ORCID: 0000-0003-1149-925X POLISH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE DURING THE PRESIDENCY OF DONALD TRUMP IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF OFFENSIVE BANDWAGONING ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the Polish-American alliance during the presi- dency of Donald Trump in the perspective of the concept of offensive bandwagoning. keywords: alliance; american; authorities; defense; donald; europe; forces; military; nato; poland; polish; relations; security; states; trump; united cache: tsm-34648.pdf plain text: tsm-34648.txt item: #84 of 149 id: tsm-34691 author: Bharti, Simant Shankar; Bharti, Sushant Shankar title: India’s Vaccine Diplomacy: Role in New Order and Challenges date: 2021-10-31 words: 6298 flesch: 56 summary: To provide validity to an argument, vaccine diplomacy of India as a soft power instrument provides a framework for analyzing India’s role in the new world order. Now, vaccine diplomacy is being used as one of those tactics to attract and influence other countries. keywords: china; countries; covid-19; diplomacy; global; india; new; order; pandemic; power; role; vaccine; vaccine diplomacy; wave; world cache: tsm-34691.pdf plain text: tsm-34691.txt item: #85 of 149 id: tsm-34875 author: Amarasinghe, Punsara; Orsitto, Davide title: THE CONSTITUTION IN THE SHADOW OF A GUN: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL VIEWS ON MYANMAR’S COUP D’ÉTAT date: 2021-12-31 words: 6839 flesch: 51 summary: In writing his timely work “The Moral Democracy: The Political Thought of Aung San Suu Kyi” Michal Lubina argues that the biggest drawback of Suu Kyi was rooted in reluctance to relinquish her queen style rule (Lubina, 2019). Finally, we aim to offer an account on why western expectations regarding Aung San Suu Kyi as a representative of Western lib- eral democracy could not be factually met. keywords: aung; burmese; constitution; democracy; government; kyi; military; myanmar; power; san; san suu; sangha; state; suu kyi; tatmadaw cache: tsm-34875.pdf plain text: tsm-34875.txt item: #86 of 149 id: tsm-3490 author: Karpus, Zbigniew title: The Polish-Ukrainian relations during the formation ot the Polish eastern border in the years between 1918-1922 date: 2009-05-13 words: 6254 flesch: 74 summary: W tym celu zaczęto od początków stycznia 1920 r. w obozie w Łańcucie gromadzić jeńców pochodzących z Ukrainy Nad- dnieprzańskiej (planowano tam umieścić w krótkim czasie 2000 oficerów i 10 000 kozaków). 78, Raport Ukraińskiej Misji Dyploma- tycznej w Polsce z 29 V 1920 r. w sprawie werbunku w obozie w Dąbiu (wśród bredowców); keywords: armii; caw; dalej; dywizji; frontu; gen; jeńców; karpus; listopada; mswojsk; ndwp; oddz; oddziały; oddziałów; polsce; polskich; polskiej; polsko; przez; r. caw; r. w; roku; sau; się; sprawie; strona; sygn; sztabu; tego; tym; ukraińcy; ukraińców; ukraińska; ukraińskiej; url; walki; wojskowe; władze; żołnierzy cache: tsm-3490.pdf plain text: tsm-3490.txt item: #87 of 149 id: tsm-3492 author: Hryciuk, Grzegorz title: The assessment of the Polish-Ukrainian relations by the German consulate in Lviv in 1939 date: 2009-05-13 words: 5523 flesch: 65 summary: Jeśli w programie partyjnym przyjmuje się według zabar- wienia światopoglądowego różne nastawienie do problemów własności, w sprawach społecznych i gospodarczych, to schodzi to w tło w obliczu najpilniejszej narodowej walki. Z pewnością nie w pełni, o czym świadczą odnotowane przez samego dyplomatę niemieckiego głosy dotyczące paktu niemiecko-radzieckiego. keywords: 1939; ambasady; b.p; botschaft; był; była; czy; fremdvolker; ibidem; iii; jak; jako; jego; konsulatu; lwowie; lwów; miało; msz; nationalitatenfrage; nawet; nie; niemieckiego; oraz; paaa; polen; politycznych; polsce; polskich; polskiego; polsko; przez; rassenfrage; seelos; się; strony; tylko; tym; ukraińców; ukraińskich; ukraińskiego; viii; warszawie; wobec; władze cache: tsm-3492.pdf plain text: tsm-3492.txt item: #88 of 149 id: tsm-3494 author: Kącka, Katarzyna title: The Issue of ‘the future of Germany’ in the Activities of the Ministry of Congress Works of the Polish Government in Exile during the Second World War date: 2009-05-13 words: 10945 flesch: 56 summary: Próbę całościowego przedstawienia polskich postulatów politycznych w sprawie Niemiec podjęto w MPK w październiku 1943 r. W tzw. W kończącej obrady uchwale uczestnicy powtórzyli niemal w całości postulaty za- warte w stanowisku rządu z 7 października 1942 r.54 keywords: aan; bez; biura; być; była; było; były; celów; czasie; dla; działalności; działań; granicy; grudnia; ibidem; jak; jednak; jego; jej; jest; jeszcze; już; katarzyna; kongresowych; kraju; które; kwestii; kącka; miał; ministerstwa; ministerstwa prac; ministra; ministrów; międzynarodowej; mpk; nad; należy; niemcami; niemiec; niemieckiej; odszkodowań; okupacji; op.cit; oraz; pasierb; państwa; pod; pokoju; politycznych; polski; polskich; polskiego; polskiej; postulatów; prac; prac kongresowych; prus; przez; przyszłości; przyszłości niemiec; r. w; referat; rozbrojenia; rządu; również; seyda; się; sprawie; stanowisko; sygn; także; tego; temat; tez; tezy; traktatu; tym; w sprawie; więc; wobec; wojennych; wojny; wschodnich; wszystkich; wychodźstwie; zagadnienia; został; związanych; zwłaszcza; śląska; światowej cache: tsm-3494.pdf plain text: tsm-3494.txt item: #89 of 149 id: tsm-3496 author: Czyżniewski, Marcin title: The Czech Republic’s attitude toward Kosovo’s independence date: 2009-05-13 words: 5137 flesch: 61 summary: W kwietniu, po przerwanej debacie rządowej nad stanowiskiem w sprawie Kosowa, premier wyjaśniał w wywiadzie prasowym, że żadna decyzja nie jest dobra, jednak spośród złych rozwiązań najlepszym jest uznanie niepodległości, 7 R. Kownacki, Prawo Kosowa do samostanowienia: w oczekiwaniu na opinię doradczą MTS, „Polski Przegląd Dyplomatyczny” 2010, nr 1, s. 98. Zmieniło się to 17 lutego 2008 r., gdy zgromadzenie parlamentarne Kosowa w Prisztinie ogłosiło niepodległość keywords: ale; było; czech; czeska; czeskiej; decyzję; dla; europejskiej; jednak; jej; jest; kdu; klaus; kosovo; kosowa; kosowie; który; może; nie; niepodległości; niepodległości kosowa; partii; państw; poselskiej; prisztinie; przez; rady; republika; rządu; się; spraw; sprawie; stanowisko; sytuacji; tej; topolánek; tym; unii; uznania; wobec; zob; české cache: tsm-3496.pdf plain text: tsm-3496.txt item: #90 of 149 id: tsm-3502 author: Składanowski, Henryk title: The soviet educational-propaganda system during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev date: 2009-05-13 words: 8417 flesch: 59 summary: i wyższego na podstawie więzi nauczania z życiem, z produkcją, pełny rozwój kształcenia wieczorowego i korespondencyjnego, bezpłatność kształcenia wszelkiego rodzaju, system stypendiów państwowych, nauczanie w szkołach w języku ojczystym, organizowanie dla pracujących w zakładach przemysłowych, sowchozach i kołcho- zach bezpłatnego produkcyjnego nauczania technicznego i nauczycielskiego w dobie odwilży chruszczoszowskiej. keywords: chruszczowa; dalszym; dla; dzieci; gazieta; jako; jednak; jego; komunistycznej; kpzs; kształcenia; letnie; lub; moskwa; młodzieży; narodnogo; nauczania; nauki; nie; nikity; obrazowanija; ogólnokształcącej; okresie; oraz; oświatowo; oświaty; partii; pod; por; pracy; prawda; przez; reforma; roku; rozwoju; rsfsr; również; się; sowieckiego; sowieckim; system; szkole; szkolnictwa; szkoły; szkoły z; szkół; tym; ustawa; warszawa; więzi; więzi szkoły; wychowania; zacieśnieniu; zawodowe; zsrr; zsrs; związku; średniej; życia; życiem cache: tsm-3502.pdf plain text: tsm-3502.txt item: #91 of 149 id: tsm-3503 author: Modrzyńska, Joanna title: Economic partnership agreements (EPAS) – a turning point in EU relations with ACP countries date: 2009-05-13 words: 4652 flesch: 51 summary: Nie jest to co prawda stan doce- lowy wymagany przy realizacji Ekonomicznych Porozumień Partnerskich, niemniej jednak jest on dość pożądany z punktu widzenia wzmocnienia konkurencyjności tworzących się rynków regionalnych w krajach AKP. Unia Europejska nadal będzie zwraca- ła uwagę na fakt, czy produkty do niej dostarczane będą rzeczywiście wytwarzane w krajach AKP, czy też państwa te będą stanowiły tylko kraj tranzytowy w prowa- dzonej wymianie handlowej. keywords: afryki; akp; ale; ang; celnych; dla; ekonomiczne; ekonomicznych; epas; europejska; handlowej; handlu; ich; jak; jest; karaibów; krajach; krajami; kraje; krajów; które; ldcs; negocjacji; nie; oraz; pacyfiku; partnerskie; państw; pomiędzy; porozumienia; porozumień; przez; rozwoju; rynków; również; się; tych; tylko; współpracy cache: tsm-3503.pdf plain text: tsm-3503.txt item: #92 of 149 id: tsm-3504 author: Szpak, Agnieszka title: American practice of torture and the example of the Guantanamo Bay detainees date: 2009-05-13 words: 9594 flesch: 52 summary: Kolejny niezwykle istotny przepis zabrania wykorzysty- wania jakiegokolwiek oświadczenia, które zostało złożone w wyniku zastosowania tortur, w charakterze dowodu w postępowaniu przed sądem15. W raporcie czytamy, że autoryzacja przez Departament Obrony omawianych metod przesłu- chania nie stanowiła upoważnienia ani zachęty dla naruszania praw zatrzymanych w Guantanamo. keywords: agnieszka; albo; art; bay; bez; bólu; bądź; celu; cierpienia; człowieka; detainees; dla; dostępny; gdyż; guantanamo; human; ibidem; ich; international; internetowej; jak; jako; jednak; jej; jest; jeńców; konwencji; które; których; law; lub; memorandum; metod; międzynarodowego; może; można; nadużyć; nawet; nie; obrony; oraz; osoby; praktyka; praw; przeciwko; przesłuchania; przez; raport; review; rights; również; się; stanowi; stosowania; stosowania tortur; stronie; szpak; takie; tego; temat; tortur; tortur z; traktowania; tylko; tym; war; wobec; wojennych; władze; zakazie; zakazu; zatrzymanych; zob cache: tsm-3504.pdf plain text: tsm-3504.txt item: #93 of 149 id: tsm-3505 author: Макаренко, Євгeния; Рыжков, Микола title: Trends of information policy of Ukraine in comparative perspective date: 2009-05-13 words: 4824 flesch: 103 summary: Стратегія європейської інформаційної політики є важливою для україни і в на- прямках, які стали пріоритетними для діяльності регіональних міжурядових ор- ганізацій . Рада Європи – це перша організація, членство в якій стало для україни „своєрідним каталізатором прискореного про- цесу сприйняття європейського мислення” як на рівні державної влади, так і в укра- їнському суспільстві загалом . keywords: відносин; держави; для; забезпечення; змі; комунікаційних; комунікації; людини; макаренко; медіа; монографія; міжнародних; національної; нових; політики; послуг; прав; про; програми; ради; розвитку; розвиток; свободи; слова; співробітництва; створення; суспільства; сфері; так; технологій; україни; щодо; які; європейської; європи; інформаційної; інформації cache: tsm-3505.pdf plain text: tsm-3505.txt item: #94 of 149 id: tsm-35221 author: Kownacki, Tomasz title: SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE AREA OF COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY date: 2021-08-31 words: 10716 flesch: 33 summary: It also obligates the countries to measure the scale of human trafficking crimes per 100 000 citizens, broken down by gender, age, and type of exploitation. The 2030 Agenda reinforces these competences, as evidenced by the data on the increase in scale of reporting of human trafficking crimes by the UN member states. keywords: area; combating; cooperation; countries; crime; development; global; human; member; nations; organizations; states; trafficking; united; unodc cache: tsm-35221.pdf plain text: tsm-35221.txt item: #95 of 149 id: tsm-3582 author: Bartczak, Monika title: PRIVACY IN THE BRITISH COMMON LAW SYSTEM – AN OUTLINE OF ISSUES date: 2012-05-20 words: 3588 flesch: 66 summary: Efektem takiego status quo jest wyprowadzanie ochro- ny prawa do prywatności w oparciu o funkcjonujące regulacje z zakresu prawa autorskiego czy prawa własności. PRAWO DO PRYWATNOŚCI W ORZECZNICTWIE SĄDÓW BRYTYJSKICH Jak już wspomniano na wstępie, słabością systemu ochrony sfery prywatnej jednostek w prawie angielskim jest brak uznania deliktu polegającego na naruszeniu prawa do prywatności w pra- wie stanowionym i wywodzenie przedmiotowej ochrony z prawa keywords: argyll; art; breach; common; confidence; dla; ekpc; informacji; jako; jest; już; law; naruszenie; nie; ochronie; ochrony; prawa; privacy; problematyki; prywatności; przez; right; się; sprawie; systemie; także cache: tsm-3582.pdf plain text: tsm-3582.txt item: #96 of 149 id: tsm-3583 author: Górniewicz, Grzegorz title: POLISH PUBLIC DEBT IN PERIOD OF INTEGRATION WITH EUROPEAN UNION date: 2012-05-20 words: 8677 flesch: 73 summary: The main factor contributing to the growth of local government debt was and will be in the nearest future the investment spendings. He fails to mention that local government debts is the minor part of the public debt. keywords: bonds; debt; dług; european; government; mld; mln; national; period; pln; poland; polish; product; public; rzeczpospolita; treasury; warszawa cache: tsm-3583.pdf plain text: tsm-3583.txt item: #97 of 149 id: tsm-3584 author: Jankowska, Ewa title: APPLICATION OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI) FOR ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN THE YEARS 2004–2011 date: 2012-05-20 words: 2787 flesch: 56 summary: Zaprezentowano również pozycje, zajmowały kraje UE w rankingu HDI w raportach UNDP. W przypadku wszystkich krajów „starej” Unii Europejskiej wartość wskaźnika HDI w la- tach 2004–2009 rosła. keywords: development; development report; europejskiej; hdi; human; jest; kraje; krajów; latach; roku; rozwoju; społecznego; wartości; world; wskaźnika cache: tsm-3584.pdf plain text: tsm-3584.txt item: #98 of 149 id: tsm-3585 author: Kącka, Katarzyna title: POLAND AND THE PEACE WITH GERMANY – INSTITUTIONAL SOLUTIONS: THE MINISTRY OF CONGRESS WORK AND THE BUREAU OF CONGRESS WORK 1939–1948 date: 2012-05-20 words: 8734 flesch: 53 summary: Zgodnie z założeniami zadaniem instytucji było: „przygotowywanie dla MSZ i placówek dyplomatycznych wszelkich materiałów, potrzebnych dla ustalenia polskiego punktu widzenia w dyskusjach międzynarodowych oraz popierania decyzji w związku z kon- ferencjami międzynarodowymi. Opinia Polski na ten temat była, jak stwierdzono, jedną z tych, które nie da się w żaden sposób pogo- dzić z postawą innych państw oprócz „naszych najbliższych sprzymierzonych”. keywords: 1945; amsz; archiwum; biura; biura prac; bpk; być; była; było; były; congress; czasie; czele; dla; dnia; działalności; ekspozytury; granicy; głównie; ibidem; ich; jak; jednak; jego; jej; jest; już; katarzyna; konferencji; kongresowych z; kraju; które; materiałów; miało; ministerstwa; ministra; międzynarodowych; mpk; msz; nie; niemcami; niemiec; niemieckich; okres; op.cit; oraz; pasierb; pokojowego; polski; polskich; polskiego; ponadto; prac; prac kongresowych; przez; referat; resortu; rządu; również; się; spraw; spraw zagranicznych; sprawozdanie; sygn; także; traktatu; tym; warszawa; winiewicz; wojny; współpracy; zagadnień; zagranicznych; ziem; został cache: tsm-3585.pdf plain text: tsm-3585.txt item: #99 of 149 id: tsm-3586 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: THE ECONOMIC SITUATION OF POLISH AND SELECTED COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, TWO DECADES AFTER THE END OF THE TRANSFORMATION date: 2013-05-20 words: 4610 flesch: 69 summary: Pokazuje on łączną (zsumowaną) wartość produkcji wytworzonej w kraju w ciągu określonego czasu. Znaczący wzrost udziału PKB badanych krajów w średniej dla całej Unii Europejskiej oznacza, iż nastąpiło dynamiczne zwiększenie wartości wyprodukowanych towarów w gospo- darce. keywords: badanych; białoruś; czechy; dla; długu; estonia; jest; krajach; kraje; krajów; latach; litwa; nie; oraz; pkb; polska; roku; się; sytuacja; słowacja; także; tym; ukraina; warszawa; wybranych; wzrostu; węgry; łotwa; średniej cache: tsm-3586.pdf plain text: tsm-3586.txt item: #100 of 149 id: tsm-3587 author: Stachowiak, Beata title: SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF LITHUANIA, GERMANY, POLISH, CZECH REPUBLIC AND UKRAINE TO THE INFORMATION SOCIETY date: 2012-05-20 words: 5720 flesch: 59 summary: I to właśnie te ostatnie wydarzenia stworzyły bezpośrednio możliwość tworzenia społe- czeństwa informacyjnego w omawianych państwach. Badania autorki wykazały także, że wraz z osiąganiem kolejnych etapów budowy społeczeństwa informacyjnego w grupie młodych ludzi wpływ pewnych determinantów za- nika, takim przykładem jest płeć. keywords: ale; aspekty; badania; czeska; czeskiej; dane; dla; informacyjnego; jak; jest; korzystania; które; lat; litwa; nie; niemcy; niemiec; oraz; państwach; polska; przez; republika; roku; rozwoju; się; sposób; społeczeństwa; społeczeństwa informacyjnego; stachowiak; studentów; tabela; także; transformacji; tym; ukraina; usług; wartości; wartość; wieku; wskazują; wybrane; wyniki; źródło cache: tsm-3587.pdf plain text: tsm-3587.txt item: #101 of 149 id: tsm-3588 author: Tomaszewski, Patryk title: ZDZISŁAW POLCIKIEWICZ, TEORIA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA, WYD. WYŻSZA OFICERSKA SZKOŁA WOJSK LĄDOWYCH, WROCŁAW 2012, SS. 230 date: 2012-05-20 words: 854 flesch: 60 summary: Słusznie zwraca uwagę na kłopoty z wprowadzeniem globalnych mechanizmów bezpieczeństwa, a także na słabość w jego zapewnieniu Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Odbiorca, czyli przede wszystkim student, spotka się w niej z jasnym i precyzyjnym wywodem. keywords: autor; bezpieczeństwa; jako; jego; jest; państwa; polcikiewicz; rozdziale; się; także cache: tsm-3588.pdf plain text: tsm-3588.txt item: #102 of 149 id: tsm-36585 author: Postula, Marta; Jarecki , Stefan; Jaworski , Krzysztof title: PUBLIC AID AS AN EFFICIENT TOOL FOR DEVELOPING THE RAIL SECTOR IN EU MEMBER STATES: Pomoc publiczna date: 2022-06-30 words: 15099 flesch: 48 summary: Pursuant to Article 9(1) of this regulation, public funding of public rail transport services granted in accordance with this regulation is considered state aid that is compatible with the common market, i.e., exempt from the prohibition on public aid (Scharf, 2016, p. 310–311). In the study conducted, the impact of public support for rail transport was an- alyzed in reference to several indicators describing the condition of that sector. keywords: aid; countries; development; impact; implementation; infrastructure; investments; project; pso; qms; quality; rail; rail sector; rail transport; railway; research; results; sector; services; state; support; transport; transport sector cache: tsm-36585.pdf plain text: tsm-36585.txt item: #103 of 149 id: tsm-36658 author: Kiladze, Sopio title: EFFECTIVITY OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW: A NEED FOR PARADIGM CHANGE date: 2022-06-30 words: 9943 flesch: 50 summary: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2022.001 ORCID: 0000-0002-9948-621X Sopio Kiladze6 Keywords: effectivity of public international law, future of international law, state motiva- tion, enforcement, sanctions, challenge of international law 1. International law can become effective with the precondition that decentralized spheres of international law are unified under a  legal umbrella. keywords: authority; effectivity; enforcement; international; law; norms; order; paradigm; politics; public; rights; rules; states; system; world cache: tsm-36658.pdf plain text: tsm-36658.txt item: #104 of 149 id: tsm-3677 author: Bartczak, Monika title: The right to privacy in the legal system of the United States date: 2013-12-30 words: 4163 flesch: 60 summary: Pointing to the natural origins of privacy rights, he criticized the ruling on Roberson considering it to be too conservative. Political, social, and economic changes entail there cognition of new rights, and the common law, in its eternal youth, grows to meet the demands of society.” keywords: brandeis; court; law; privacy; right; supreme; u.s; warren cache: tsm-3677.pdf plain text: tsm-3677.txt item: #105 of 149 id: tsm-3678 author: Redo, Magdalena title: The growing importance of the risk-taking channel in the process of transmitting monetary policy date: 2013-12-30 words: 4846 flesch: 54 summary: Such changes sometimes limit the importance of certain channels, and sometimes they strengthen other channels, as it occurred in the recent years with risk-taking channels. Globalization, growth of competition, anchoring of low inflation in Western economies, too low economic growth when compared with the issue of unemployment, development of finance market, conscious policy of low interest rates in the USA – all of that contributed to lowering interest rates all over the world, growing the level of acceptable risk, and strength- ening the negative correlation between the level of investment based on interest rates and the tendency of risk and, at the same time, operating of a risk-taking channel in the process of transmitting impulses of monetary policy into economy. With this mechanism, low interest rates encourage banks to take bigger risk in order to achieve bigger profits and to take part in credit ex- pansion, which has its result in a growing sensitivity of banks towards the market level of accepting risk. keywords: bank; channel; credit; financial; interest; level; paper; policy; rates; risk; taking; working cache: tsm-3678.pdf plain text: tsm-3678.txt item: #106 of 149 id: tsm-3679 author: Górniewicz, Grzegorz title: The problem of public debt (the case of Spain) date: 2013-12-30 words: 4494 flesch: 62 summary: THE CONCEPT OF PUBLIC DEBT In the professional literature, there are multiple definitions of public debt to be found (public or government or national debt), also known as government or national debt. THE CLASSIFICATION OF PUBLIC DEBT The economical literature at large, particularly that on public finances, distinguishes a series of kinds of public debt. keywords: bonds; budget; countries; debt; deficit; government; product; spain; term; treasury cache: tsm-3679.pdf plain text: tsm-3679.txt item: #107 of 149 id: tsm-3680 author: Jankowska, Ewa title: Directions of foreign migration of Poles and the level of socio-economic development of the country of emigration from the European Union area in the years 2004–2011 date: 2013-12-30 words: 3147 flesch: 57 summary: 6. CONCLUSION Polish citizens choosing EU country to which they intend to go on for longer than three months, take into account not only the level of socio-economic development. The scale of this phenomenon and the impact it has on our country and other EU countries makes it impossible to go past this subject indifferently. keywords: countries; country; development; development report; emigration; human cache: tsm-3680.pdf plain text: tsm-3680.txt item: #108 of 149 id: tsm-3681 author: Kącka, Katarzyna title: Józef Winiewicz – a man of the Congress date: 2013-12-30 words: 6108 flesch: 58 summary: A valuable source of knowledge about Józef Winiewicz also proved to be his own press articles and memoirs, published in 1985 (Winiewicz, 1985). In mid – 1947 Winiewicz, Józef Winiewicz – a man of the congress 51 seeing the progressive cooling of the Polish-American relations suggested to Minister Modzelewski: “The United States in every situation will remain a country with which we should strive to be, if not in the most cordial, then at least in the most correct of relations. keywords: affairs; bureau; congress; foreign; germany; józef; london; ministry; poland; polish; war; winiewicz; works cache: tsm-3681.pdf plain text: tsm-3681.txt item: #109 of 149 id: tsm-3682 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: British foreign direct investments in the light of the World financial crisis date: 2013-12-30 words: 3717 flesch: 56 summary: Keywords: British foreign direct investments, profits of British corporations, stock of British FDI, British FDI flow 1. The year 2011 was characterized by the considerable growth of the significance of Asia as a destination for British direct foreign investments. keywords: fdi; investments; pounds; resources; world cache: tsm-3682.pdf plain text: tsm-3682.txt item: #110 of 149 id: tsm-3683 author: Zablotska, Rita title: The perspectives of entry of ukrainian companies at the world market of services date: 2013-12-30 words: 5514 flesch: 30 summary: Adjacent and supportive branches for the enterprises of the priority branches of services in Ukraine Priority branch of services Adjacent branches Some supportive branches Business services, including: – computer services; Information services, implementation of the computer technology and components, telecommunication services Educational services, machine- building, chemical industry, financial services, transport services – professional services; Consulting, advertising, marketing services Educational services, telecommunication services, financial services, transport services – research and development services; Information, educational services Telecommunication services, chemical industry, financial services – transport services Distribution services, logistic services, and shipping services Machine-building, hotel and restaurant services, oil-refining branch, financial services – touristic services Hotel, restaurant and recreational services Transport services, car hire, trade services, branches of the food industry, building services, public utilities, financial services Rita Zablotska72 Connection of the cluster with international service market can be conducted owing to the export of computer and related services, as well as international outsourcing, which is executed by the cluster participants for order of the foreign TNCs. keywords: branches; cluster; companies; conditions; development; entry; international; market; outsourcing; service market; services; transport services; ukraine cache: tsm-3683.pdf plain text: tsm-3683.txt item: #111 of 149 id: tsm-37294 author: Lebedynets, Viacheslav; Prokhorenko, Olena; Brin, Pavlo; Nehme, Mohamad title: ON THE WAY TO QMS IMPLEMENTATION: THE MAIN MILESTONES AND ISSUES IN EMERGING ECONOMY date: 2022-06-30 words: 8164 flesch: 43 summary: The most common issues and areas of responsibilities in QMS implementation process 18 Figure 3. During the ongoing processes of QMS implementation projects, a number of difficult issues were recorded, as well as a survey of project team participants was conduct- ed. keywords: certification; company; documentation; factors; implementation; iso; issues; management; process; processes; project; qms; qms implementation; quality; system cache: tsm-37294.pdf plain text: tsm-37294.txt item: #112 of 149 id: tsm-43458 author: Majka, Andrzej; Klimczyk, Michał; Kucharski, Kamil; Muszyńska-Pałys, Jagoda title: HYDROGEN VALLEY AS A HUB FOR TECHNOLOGICAL COOPERATION BETWEEN SCIENCE, BUSINESS, LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND NGOS. AN OVERVIEW OF APPROACHES IN EUROPE date: 2023-06-30 words: 4633 flesch: 36 summary: The idea of hydrogen valleys involves local production of hydrogen from decentralized renewable energy sources, short-distance transportation, and the use of hydrogen for industrial, transportation, energy, and residential and commercial heating purposes. The declaration assumes reinforcing the research and inno- vation agenda for clean hydrogen, continuing investments for clean hydrogen technologies, maximising funding impact by working in synergy, promoting knowledge sharing and part- ner matchmaking, stimulating the development of education and training and spearheading the development of hydrogen valleys (Hydrogen Europe et al., 2023). keywords: cooperation; development; economy; energy; european; hydrogen; hydrogen valley; production; sources; transport; valley cache: tsm-43458.pdf plain text: tsm-43458.txt item: #113 of 149 id: tsm-43523 author: Syryt, Aleksandra title: LEGAL BASIS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AND THE SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT - OPPORTUNITIES OR BARRIERS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND EXTERNAL PARTNERS date: 2023-06-30 words: 5673 flesch: 26 summary: However, they also provide a basis for cooperation by establishing stand- ards and guidelines for ethical and responsible conduct, which can enhance the trust and confidence of partners in university research. The governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature. keywords: basis; cooperation; development; education; environment; industry; innovation; institutions; opportunities; partners; research; universities; university cache: tsm-43523.pdf plain text: tsm-43523.txt item: #114 of 149 id: tsm-43706 author: Łaskowska, Justyna; Zastempowski, Maciej; Kalocińska-Szumska, Aleksandra title: COMMERCIALIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN POLAND: PROCESS OR PROCEDURE? ORGANIZATIONAL SOLUTIONS IN SELECTED POLISH AND FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES date: 2023-06-30 words: 5242 flesch: 31 summary: Unfortunately, the diversity of models does not translate proportionally into an increase in the effectiveness of commercialization processes of scientific research results (Ło- bacz & Niedzielski, 2015), especially when this process is anchored only in the administrative system and is not coupled with the implementation of scientific research, which is also often beyond the interest of the socio-economic environment (Van Den Ende & Dolfsma, 2005). the process of commercialization of scientific research results, 3. cooperation with the socio-economic environment. keywords: commercialization; cooperation; innovation; knowledge; poland; polish; process; research; results; technology; transfer; universities; university cache: tsm-43706.pdf plain text: tsm-43706.txt item: #115 of 149 id: tsm-44126 author: Kola, Anna Maria title: SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IMPLEMENTED BY HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AS ELEMENTS OF PROCESS OF TEACHING ACCREDITATION AND RESEARCH ASSESSMENT IN POLAND IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT date: 2023-06-30 words: 4998 flesch: 34 summary: The definition of social innovation developed by the Young Foundation presented in the TEPSIE project (Theoretical, Empirical, and Policy Foundations for Building Social Innova- tion in Europe), funded by the European Commission, states that: “Social innovations are new solutions (products, services, models, markets, processes, etc.) Torun International Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Anna Maria Kola*1 0000-0002-6208-8701 SOCIAL INNOVATIONS IMPLEMENTED BY HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AS ELEMENTS OF PROCESS OF TEACHING ACCREDITATION AND RESEARCH ASSESSMENT IN POLAND IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT AbstrAct The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze social innovation implemented by Polish higher education institutions (HEIs) as an element of teaching accreditation and research as- sessment processes in (1) the context of the third mission of the university and (2) concerning other European science and higher education systems. keywords: accreditation; assessment; education; european; evaluation; impact; innovation; research; social; society; teaching; universities; university cache: tsm-44126.pdf plain text: tsm-44126.txt item: #116 of 149 id: tsm-44311 author: Kiełbasiński, Wojciech; Horajski, Michał; Odrzygóźdź, Cezary; Szczepkowski, Jakub title: THE IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY COOPERATION WITH THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF QUALITY ASSURANCE IN HIGHER EDUCATION date: 2023-06-30 words: 6592 flesch: 36 summary: Public Vocational Schools, by virtue of the fact of functioning in the local community, very often base these reviews on informal and personal contacts between university representatives and representatives of local business (Gianiodis & Meek, 2020). The en- tity that brings together higher education quality assurance agencies based in the EEA is the European Association for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (ENQA). keywords: analysis; assurance; cooperation; development; education; environment; european; polish; quality; reports; representatives; socio; universities; university cache: tsm-44311.pdf plain text: tsm-44311.txt item: #117 of 149 id: tsm-44328 author: Krupa-Lipińska, Katarzyna title: TOWARDS FAIR DIVISION OF BENEFITS FROM PATENT RIGHTS: REMUNERATION FOR EMPLOYEE-INVENTOR IN POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM AND IN COMPARATIVE CONTEXT date: 2023-06-30 words: 5024 flesch: 47 summary: The purpose of the given article is to analyze whether the polish legal framework for employee remuneration for invention fairly balances interests of inventors and the units for which they are working for. Polish law adhere to the systems which by statute prescribes the right to obtain a patent in case of employee inventions to employer and also by statue guarantee remuneration for the employee-inventor both in business and academic environment. keywords: art; case; employee; invention; law; patent; phei; remuneration; research; right cache: tsm-44328.pdf plain text: tsm-44328.txt item: #118 of 149 id: tsm-44420 author: Pietrzyk-Tobiasz, Barbara title: TRADE MARK AS A BRANDING TOOL FOR THIRD GENERATION UNIVERSITY date: 2023-06-30 words: 4533 flesch: 49 summary: znaków towarowych Uniwer- sytetu Jagiellońskiego przez jednostkę organizacyjną UJ (Ordinance No. 37 of the Rector of the Jagiellonian University of 2 June 2016 on the introduction of the Regulations for making Jagiellonian University trademarks available to external entities and filing new trademarks of the Jagiellonian University by its organizational unit). Trademarks registered with the EU- IPO include: Lazarski University (EUTM-011363918), University of Warsaw (e.g. EUTM- 011615226), Medical University of Gdansk (e.g. EUTM-014644645), Wroclaw Universi- ty of Science and Technology 015657158, Poznań University of Economics and Business (EUTM-018074545), Jagiellonian University (EUTM-008421901, University of Lodz (EUTM-017220195, Rzeszow University of Technology (EUTM-013614458). keywords: brand; branding; e.g.; european; function; identity; international; protection; states; system; trademarks; universities; university cache: tsm-44420.pdf plain text: tsm-44420.txt item: #119 of 149 id: tsm-44436 author: Kuliński, Mateusz Wojciech title: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION OF UNIVERSITY COOPERATION WITH THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY date: 2023-06-30 words: 6143 flesch: 31 summary: Torun International Studies No. 1 (7) 2014 Mateusz Wojciech Kuliński*1 0000-0002-2078-2981 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION OF UNIVERSITY COOPERATION WITH THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND AND THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY AbstrAct Purpose: The purpose of this scientific article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the eval- uation of university cooperation with the socio-economic environment, using the examples of the Republic of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany, and to identify the differ- ences between the analysed systems as a determining factor for the superiority of the German higher education system over the Polish system. The comparative law method will be implemented through classical comparative legal research aimed at analysing the similarities and differences in legal regulations regarding the evaluation of university cooperation with the socio-economic environment in the Re- public of Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany. keywords: accreditation; cooperation; education; environment; evaluation; polish; quality; socio; universities; university; university cooperation cache: tsm-44436.pdf plain text: tsm-44436.txt item: #120 of 149 id: tsm-44643 author: Przywora, Bogusław; Kabza, Jakub title: ON THE FAIR DISTRIBUTION OF BENEFITS FROM WORKS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW AND ECONOMICS date: 2023-06-30 words: 7004 flesch: 51 summary: The costs of lawsuits can be par- ticularly high, which means that copyright protection cases are often very complicated. The Constitutional Tribunal assumed that the protection resulting from author’s economic rights may be analogous or similar to the protection of property or other economic rights. keywords: author; copyright; economics; goods; law; market; protection; rights; tribunal; works cache: tsm-44643.pdf plain text: tsm-44643.txt item: #121 of 149 id: tsm-5636 author: Gburzyńska, Natalia title: Traditions and culture of old believers in Poland date: 2011-04-09 words: 5337 flesch: 62 summary: Zabawa weselna odbywała się w domu panny młodej, gdzie parę witano chlebem Pierwsze, co rzuciło się w oczy to ogromne zaangażowanie wiernych w modlitwę oraz skromność ubioru. keywords: adobe; ale; bardzo; było; były; cerkwi; czy; domu; grek; ich; iwaniec; jako; jednak; jest; kobiety; ksiąg; księgi; które; miejsce; można; najczęściej; nich; nie; obecnie; oraz; pabisowa; podczas; polsce; polskich; pracy; przez; się; staroobrzędowców; starowierców; także; tradycji; tylko; tzw; warszawa cache: tsm-5636.pdf plain text: tsm-5636.txt item: #122 of 149 id: tsm-5637 author: Harechko, Iryna title: Basic mechanisms of e-participation of citizens in policy-making date: 2011-04-09 words: 5949 flesch: 50 summary: As part of the project «e-democracy» citizens of the United Kingdom on the website http://www.digitaldemocracy.org.uk/ can make proposals, vote on and discuss them and get an answer MPs or officials of relevant departments. In summary, we should recognize that diversity of e-participation mechanisms enables citizens to express their opinions, make proposals and carry out discussions that seek to influ- ence political decision-making. keywords: citizens; council; decision; discussion; government; internet; issues; making; mechanisms; participation; people; policy; public; voting; website cache: tsm-5637.pdf plain text: tsm-5637.txt item: #123 of 149 id: tsm-5643 author: Jankowska, Ewa title: Concept and tools of measuring of the quality of life date: 2011-04-10 words: 2736 flesch: 47 summary: Gałęski B., Styl życia i jakość życia – próba systematyzacji pojęć, „Studia socjologiczne” 1977, nr 1. Helbich A., Zmiany w poziomie życia w okresie transformacji systemowej, [w:] Zadania społecz- ne, Z. Pisz (red.), Wydawnictwo AE im. O. Langego, Wrocław 1996. Jednym z podejść do pomiaru jakości życia jest podejście ekonomiczne. keywords: adobe; jakości; jakość; jest; life; lub; oceny; pomiaru; potrzeb; przez; quality; się; społeczne; społecznych; wartości; wskaźniki; zadowolenia; zaspokojenia; życia cache: tsm-5643.pdf plain text: tsm-5643.txt item: #124 of 149 id: tsm-5644 author: Karpczuk, Natalia title: ICT for the EU multilingualism date: 2011-04-10 words: 3847 flesch: 39 summary: In the sphere of language policy the role of the European Commission is to coordinate achieving the goal of multilingualism and objectives of language strategy together with na- tional governments4. The Network to Promote Linguistic Diversity (NPLD)10 is a European wide network in the field of language policy and planning for constitutional, regional languages and the languages of small nations in Europe. keywords: citizens; commission; european; information; languages; multilingualism; policy; project; translation; use cache: tsm-5644.pdf plain text: tsm-5644.txt item: #125 of 149 id: tsm-5645 author: Klimczak, Małgorzata title: Pakistan support for Sikh’s separatist movement date: 2011-04-10 words: 6523 flesch: 62 summary: Postępująca utrata poparcia wśród społeczności sikhijskiej, znacznie efektywniejsze dzia- łania służb bezpieczeństwa Indii w pierwszej połowie lat 90-tych oraz potencjalne zagrożenie integralności terytorialnej Pakistanu ze strony sikhijskich separatystów w przypadku ich zwy- cięstwa sprawiły, że Pakistan stopniowe zaczął zmniejszać swoją pomoc dla nich. Została ona naruszona przez secesję Pakistanu Wschodniego (obecnie Bangladeszu) w 1971 roku, która przyczyniła się do indyjskiej hegemonii militarnej keywords: bezpieczeństwa; bojownicy; bojowników; broni; broń; była; było; były; czerwca; czy; delhi; dla; granicy; ibidem; indii; indyjskiej; jak; jest; których; kumar; lat; lub; m.in; new; nie; odczyt; op.cit; oraz; pakistanu; pakistański; pomoc; przez; punjab; roku; ruchu; również; separatystycznego; sikhijscy; sikhijskich; sikhijskiego; singh; się; także; tych; tym; wsparcie; wywiad; zarówno cache: tsm-5645.pdf plain text: tsm-5645.txt item: #126 of 149 id: tsm-5646 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: The role of foreign capital in transformation of the polish economy date: 2011-04-10 words: 5067 flesch: 55 summary: Odbicie w badanym obszarze nastąpiło stosunkowo szybko i już w 2009 i kolejnych la- tach zagraniczne inwestycje portfelowe przyjęły rozmiary niespotykane dotychczas w Polsce. Zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie w Polsce w 1998 roku, NBP, Departament Statystyki, War- szawa 1999, s. 12, Zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie w Polsce w 1999 roku, NBP, Departament Statystyki, Warszawa 2000, s. 33, Zagraniczne inwestycje bezpośrednie w Polsce w 2000 roku, De- partament Statystyki, Warszawa 2001, s. 23 keywords: bankowego; banków; bezpośrednie; biz; był; było; dla; gospodarki; inwestorów; inwestycje; jest; kapitału; latach; mld; mln; napływ; nbp; oraz; polsce; polski; polskiej; ponad; przez; roku; sektora; się; statystyki; także; transformacji; tym; udział; usd; w polsce; warszawa; własne; zagranicznego; zagranicznych cache: tsm-5646.pdf plain text: tsm-5646.txt item: #127 of 149 id: tsm-5647 author: Kącka, Katarzyna title: CAROLA S. RUDNIK, DIE ANDERE HÄLFTE DER ERINNERUNG. DIE DDR IN DER DEUTSCHEN GESCHICHTSPOLITIK NACH 1989, TRANSCRIPT VERLAG, BIELEFELD 2011, SS. 766 date: 2011-04-10 words: 2114 flesch: 47 summary: NRD w niemieckiej polityce historycznej po 1989 roku. Ciekawym wątkiem, który poruszyła Carola S. Rudnik jest wpływ jaki wywarły obie komisje na dyskusję polityczną, która toczyła się w kolejnych latach na temat miejsca pamięci o NRD w niemieckiej polityce, a ostatecznie na kształt współczesnej polityki historycznej Niemiec. keywords: adobe; ddr; der; deutschen; die; historycznej; jej; jest; książka; nie; niemieckiej; nrd; oraz; pamięci; polityki; rudnik; się cache: tsm-5647.pdf plain text: tsm-5647.txt item: #128 of 149 id: tsm-6203 author: Jankowska, Ewa title: Social indicators and the measure of the quality of life date: 2015-05-31 words: 4461 flesch: 48 summary: Keywords: social indicator, quality of life, socio-economic development, social development, economic development 1. This assessment is done by the use of appropriate statistical measures known as social indicators. keywords: development; indicators; level; life; measure; needs; quality; satisfaction cache: tsm-6203.pdf plain text: tsm-6203.txt item: #129 of 149 id: tsm-6204 author: Shkrobanets, Olena title: The role of Ukrainian think tanks in shaping of public opinion on the European integration (on the example of Razumkov Centre and Gorshenin Institute) date: 2015-05-31 words: 5046 flesch: 50 summary: 2. MATERIAL AND METHODES In this article the author has made an analysis of the informational material presented by two main Ukrainian think tanks on the problem of EU integration of Ukraine. For example, on the eve of 2007 Razumkov Centre conducted a systematic monitoring of implementation results of the Ukraine-EU plan (2005–2007), according to which Ukraine declared EU integration as foreign policy priority. keywords: centre; european; expert; gorshenin; institute; integration; opinion; policy; public; razumkov; ukraine; ukrainian cache: tsm-6204.pdf plain text: tsm-6204.txt item: #130 of 149 id: tsm-6205 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: Financial dependence of the Polish economy date: 2015-05-31 words: 5179 flesch: 46 summary: Key words: financial dependence, international investment position, IIP 1. International investment position of Poland in 2012, Warszawa. keywords: countries; country; dependency; economic; economy; entities; investments; liabilities; poland; position cache: tsm-6205.pdf plain text: tsm-6205.txt item: #131 of 149 id: tsm-6206 author: Sirenko, Lidiia title: Construction of “enemy’s” image in soviet press in 1939-1953-s date: 2015-05-31 words: 4934 flesch: 63 summary: And why it was so important for Soviet child to be attentive and report about all suspicious persons. On the pages of periodicals could be found everything that had to be present in the life of Soviet child: politics, ideology, entertainment, educational games, hobbies ( Kolosova, 2007). keywords: children; citizens; countries; enemies; enemy; image; life; main; periodicals; propaganda; society; soviet; system; union cache: tsm-6206.pdf plain text: tsm-6206.txt item: #132 of 149 id: tsm-6207 author: Stachowiak, Beata title: The development of information society in the light of new dangers in the area of internal security as viewed by the students date: 2015-05-31 words: 3644 flesch: 54 summary: What is more, the threat of false alarms were perceived as a relatively minor threat by the students. It is exclusively with this group that the threat of false alarms appeared in top three indications. keywords: dangers; information; internet; level; respondents; security; society; students; use cache: tsm-6207.pdf plain text: tsm-6207.txt item: #133 of 149 id: tsm-6208 author: Stakanov, Roman D. title: Prospects for Ukraine’s integration into the EU labour market in the context of the Ukraine - EU Association Agreement date: 2015-05-31 words: 3835 flesch: 47 summary: only via official channels in 2013 (National Bank of Ukraine, 2015), of which the share of EU countries was 30.8% (USD 2.3 bln.), and that was lower than the rates of migration in this direction, and thus indicates the possibility of further increase in the absolute indices of legal remittances through establishment of relevant legisla- tive terms, including through the development of bilateral agreements. Key words: labour migration, migration management, EU labour market, EU-Ukraine Association Agreement No. 1 (7) 2014, pp. keywords: agreement; countries; labour; migrants; migration; remittances; ukraine; workers cache: tsm-6208.pdf plain text: tsm-6208.txt item: #134 of 149 id: tsm-6209 author: Yamelnytskuj, Oleg Yamelnytskuj; Dorosh, Lesya title: The exogenous and endogenous prerequisites of political mobilization of the population of Ukraine at the beginning of 2013 and at the end of 2014 date: 2015-05-31 words: 5696 flesch: 47 summary: In Ukraine, these radical and total changes of all spheres of political life, including political elites with the involvement of representatives of civil society, in our opinion, are absolutely essential. Key words: political participation, political mobilization, civil society, evromaidan, political protest 1. keywords: citizens; elite; factors; mass; mobilization; new; population; prerequisites; protest; retrieved; ruling; state; ukraine cache: tsm-6209.pdf plain text: tsm-6209.txt item: #135 of 149 id: tsm-6210 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: Editorial pages No. 1 (7) 2014 date: 2015-05-31 words: 975 flesch: 30 summary: (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. keywords: adobe; pdf; poland; toruń cache: tsm-6210.pdf plain text: tsm-6210.txt item: #136 of 149 id: tsm-6211 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: Editorial pages No. 1 (6) 2013 date: 2013-12-30 words: 240 flesch: 48 summary: TORUN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES No. 1 (6) 2013 UNIWERSYTET MIKOL AJA KOPERNIKA Scientific Counsil Roman Bäcker (Toruń, Poland), Zbigniew Karpus (Toruń, Poland), Cornelia Pop (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), Rita Zablotska (Kiev, Ukraina), Lena Gumenjuk (Kiev, Ukraina), Igor Sribriak (Kiev, Ukraina) Editor in Chief Piotr Siemiątkowski Cover Design Tomasz Klejna Office of Editorial Board: Batorego st. 39L, 87–100 Toruń (Poland) tis@umk.pl, http://wydawnictwoumk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/TSM/index ISSN 1689–8168 The journal offers access to the contents in the open access system on the principles of non-exclusive license Creative Commons Printed in Poland ©Copyrignt by Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń 2013 Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika Gagarina st. 11, 87–100 Toruń www.umk.pl Distribution: Reja st. 25, 87–100 Toruń tel/fax (56) 611 42 38, e-mail: books@umk.pl DTP: 23 Ewa Jankowska Directions of foreign migration of Poles and the level of socio-economic development of the country of emigration from the European Union area in the years 2004–2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . keywords: poland; toruń cache: tsm-6211.pdf plain text: tsm-6211.txt item: #137 of 149 id: tsm-9401 author: Cherniavska, Olena title: Theoretical approaches to the determination of the phenomenon of «technoglobalism» date: 2015-12-25 words: 3578 flesch: 26 summary: Secondly, increasing number of  TNCs and considerable increase of  their activity in the R&D sphere and in global distribution of new technologies. Creation of  R&D centers was directed to  help transfering technologies from parent companies to daughter ones, and also it was very important to provide techni- cal help for foreign daughter companies concerning the usage of technologies brought from the parent company, gaining higher local market share, developing new and improved com- modities for foreign markets, production of innovative technologies for parent corporations in the USA, gathering information in the field of new technologies with the purpose of their use in the home country, and so on. keywords: countries; development; globalization; new; process; r&d; technoglobalism; technologies; technology cache: tsm-9401.pdf plain text: tsm-9401.txt item: #138 of 149 id: tsm-9402 author: Chugaiev, Oleksii title: National economic image and soft economic power evaluation date: 2015-12-25 words: 6223 flesch: 54 summary: Soft economic power is  described as  national economic image adjusted for absolute amount of positive economic information about a country. These subindices include: – economic soft power (importance of economic relations, probability of buying prod- uct, desirability of establishing a free trade agreement, economic influence in Asia, help to countries for their economic development, humanitarian assistance, contri- bution of companies, competitive economy, economic opportunities for workforce, entrepreneurial spirit, leading multinational corporations, product quality); – components related to economics: human capital soft power (desire to learn a lan- guage, highly educated population, advanced science and technology, quality univer- sities) and cultural soft power (movies, TV, music; tourist destination etc.); – non-economic dimensions: diplomatic soft power (including humanitarian assis- tance) and political soft power. keywords: countries; country; germany; image; information; power; results; search; turkey; ukraine cache: tsm-9402.pdf plain text: tsm-9402.txt item: #139 of 149 id: tsm-9403 author: Ivasechko, Olga title: The conditionality policy of the EU in the terms of reforming the public service in the CEE countries: the experience of Ukraine date: 2015-12-25 words: 4679 flesch: 44 summary: In particular, it draws on existing laws of Ukraine, namely: the Law of Ukraine «About state service» from 17.11.2011, and «On state target program of  development of  public service in  Ukraine» dated 27.06.2012 № 411-p. In the mentioned states in particular, the attention is focused on the labor and social aspects of civil service reform at the expense of other reforms and far less than of the Ministry of in- ternal Affairs, the Ministry of Labour was in  contact with the  lower levels of  government (Voitsekhovskyi, 2014, May 17). keywords: countries; european; implementation; reform; service; state; ukraine cache: tsm-9403.pdf plain text: tsm-9403.txt item: #140 of 149 id: tsm-9404 author: Kącka, Katarzyna title: Role of the Council of Foreign Ministers and principles of participation of Germany, Poland and so-called “small countries” in the preparation of the draft peace treaty with Germany date: 2015-12-25 words: 6384 flesch: 58 summary: The chief tasks of the Council were to be: conducting preparatory work in connection with conclusion of peace treaties, preparation and presentation to the United Nations of draft peace treaties with the former allies of the Third Reich during World War II, making decisions as to the future of Germany in  the  times of  peace and presentation of  draft peaceful resolutions of  territorial conflicts in Europe (Makowski, 1946a, pp. 5-7, Klafkowski, 1953, pp. 130-131). Keywords: Council of Foreign Ministers; Germany; Poland; peace treaty with Germany. keywords: conference; council; countries; germany; ministers; peace; powers; soviet; states; treaty; war cache: tsm-9404.pdf plain text: tsm-9404.txt item: #141 of 149 id: tsm-9405 author: Khoma, Natalia title: Technologies of political (socio-political) crowdsourcing and crowdfunding: world experience and steps towards implementation in Ukraine date: 2015-12-25 words: 5656 flesch: 44 summary: In a situation a given politician (Ukrainian in particular) is often rightly accused of dishonet funding sources and further dependance on the “political patrons” – oligarchs, crowdfunding has the  potential to  become an  alternative format of  political projects fi- nancing. An appeal to entire groups of voters by making crowdfunding create a community of people is inspired by the same promise that seeks to support political project financially. keywords: campaign; crowdfunding; crowdsourcing; etc; implementation; internet; number; people; project; public; socio; support; use cache: tsm-9405.pdf plain text: tsm-9405.txt item: #142 of 149 id: tsm-9406 author: Kindrachuk, Nadia title: The acceleration of the Ukrainians’ assimilation due to deliberate narrowing of the Ukrainian language: 60’s-70’s of the XXth century date: 2015-12-25 words: 4667 flesch: 48 summary: Keywords: Ukrainian language; Ukrainians; language policy; russification; denationalization; censor- ship; ideological dictates; national self-determination. torun International studies 2015, No. 1 (8), pp. Therefore, a comprehensive study of russification policy, decreasing the use of Ukrainian language, history of language development in Ukraine during the 60’s – 70’s of the twentieth century is very important and requires a special approach in the study. keywords: education; language; national; russian; soviet; state; ukraine; ukrainian cache: tsm-9406.pdf plain text: tsm-9406.txt item: #143 of 149 id: tsm-9407 author: Liutko, Natalia title: Aesthetic dimension of political advertising date: 2015-12-25 words: 5871 flesch: 40 summary: Natalia Liutko* AESTHETIC DIMENSION OF POLITICAL ADVERTISING Abstract: Political advertising is  a form of  aesthetic and political communication; it  is encountered in  election, addressed to  electoral groups and aimed at electoral behavior perception management. Keywords: political advertising; political communication; aesthetics; public communication. keywords: advertising; aesthetic; art; communication; image; influence; information; message; people; public; recipient; symbols cache: tsm-9407.pdf plain text: tsm-9407.txt item: #144 of 149 id: tsm-9408 author: Redo, Magdalena title: An analysis of economic changes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe belonging to the European Union in the years 2003-2014 date: 2015-12-25 words: 8193 flesch: 56 summary: Currently (May 2015), due to post-crisis issues in a lot of Western Europe countries and economic stagnation in  the  majority of  the  ‘Old 15’, inflation is  low also in  the  rest of EU countries (there are even instances of deflation) – tab.  It is worth noting that Estonia (and Sweden) be- longs to a very small group of EU countries, which have never had EDP imposed on them (European Commission, 2015). keywords: average; central; countries; debt; eastern; gdp; years cache: tsm-9408.pdf plain text: tsm-9408.txt item: #145 of 149 id: tsm-9409 author: Rudnytska, Ulyana title: The prospects for Baltic – Black Sea cooperation in the context of current Russian-Ukrainian relations date: 2015-12-25 words: 4043 flesch: 40 summary: Another Ukrainian scientist Oleh Soskin, the  director of  Institute of  Society Transformation, con- centrates on the following main modules of the Baltic and Black Sea cooperation: transport, connected with overland freight transportation by rail; pipeline, which is based on the de- velopment of the international oil pipelines system and the formation of the international oil consortium; shipping, providing transformation of the Black Sea to a complex transport system with use of experience of shipping by the Baltic Sea (Soskin, 2014). Ulyana Rudnytska* THE PROSPECTS FOR BALTIC – BLACK SEA COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN RELATIONS Abstract: This article proves relevance of the cooperation between the states of the Baltic and Black Sea region and reveals the prospects of Ukraine’s participation in interstate cooperation within the Baltic- Black Sea region in view of the current state of the international system and the conflict with Russia. keywords: baltic; black; black sea; cooperation; region; russia; sea; sea cooperation; sea region; security; states; ukraine cache: tsm-9409.pdf plain text: tsm-9409.txt item: #146 of 149 id: tsm-9410 author: Stachowiak, Beata title: International scientific communication in the context of social networking sites for scientists date: 2015-12-25 words: 4136 flesch: 46 summary: The major part of this paper is dedicated to the issue of the use of social networking sites in scientific communication. Keywords: scientific communication; information society; social media; social networking sites; ResearchGate. keywords: communication; faculty; networking; research; science; scientists; site; social cache: tsm-9410.pdf plain text: tsm-9410.txt item: #147 of 149 id: tsm-9411 author: Szpak, Agnieszka title: Cities and human security date: 2015-12-25 words: 6970 flesch: 44 summary: Despite some changes in  this respect there is  still a  need to  research cities as a fascinating phenomenon, also in respect of its capabilities to increase human security on a local and global scale. The article examines the role of cities for human security in the selected and representative fields such as sustainable development, human rights and environmental protection which are compo- nents of human security. keywords: cities; city; development; global; human; international; january; law; report; rights; security; states; world cache: tsm-9411.pdf plain text: tsm-9411.txt item: #148 of 149 id: tsm-9412 author: Tomaszewski, Patryk title: International security in the election programmes of Civic Platform between 2001 and 2015 date: 2015-12-25 words: 6216 flesch: 54 summary: Not much attention was paid to  international security policy in  the  programme of Civic Platform in 2005. Civic Platform identi- fied the key element of security policy with NATO. keywords: civic; cooperation; european; platform; poland; policy; polish; programme; security; union cache: tsm-9412.pdf plain text: tsm-9412.txt item: #149 of 149 id: tsm-9451 author: Siemiątkowski, Piotr title: Editorial pages No. 1 (8) 2015 date: 2016-04-26 words: 387 flesch: 45 summary: Scientific Counsil Roman Bäcker (Toruń, Poland), Zbigniew Karpus (Toruń, Poland), Cornelia Pop (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), Rita Zablotska (Kiev, Ukraina), Lena Gumenjuk (Kiev, Ukraina), Igor Sribriak (Kiev, Ukraina), Andrei Kazakevich (Kaunas, Lithuania – Minsk, Belarus), Aliaksei Lastouski (Minsk, Belarus), Tomasz Błaszczak (Kaunas, Lithuania), Aleh Dziarnovich (Minsk, Belarus), Rimantas Miknys (Vilnius, Lithuania), Nuri Yeşilyurt (Ankara, Turkey), Katri-Liis Lepik (Tallinn, Estonia), Nikolay Radulov (Sofia, Bulgaria), Ivan Todorov (Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria), Dorotea López Giral (Santiago, Chile), Lesya Dorosh (Lviv, Ukraine) Editor in Chief Piotr Siemiątkowski Cover design Tomasz Klejna Office of Editorial Board: Batorego st. 39L, 87-100 Toruń (Poland) tis@umk.pl http://wydawnictwoumk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/TSM/index eISSN: 2391-7601 pISSN 2391-4920 The journal offers access to the contents in the open access system on the principles of non-exclusive license Creative Commons Printed in Poland ©Copyright by Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika Toruń 2015 Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika Gagarina st. 11, 87-100 Toruń www.umk.pl Distribution: Reja st. 25, 87-100 Toruń tel/fax (56) 611 42 38 e-mail: books@umk.pl TABLE OF CONTENTS Olena Cherniavska THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF «TECHNOGLOBALISM». . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Patryk Tomaszewski INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ELECTION PROGRAMMES OF CIVIC PLATFORM BETWEEN 2001 AND 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . keywords: poland; toruń cache: tsm-9451.pdf plain text: tsm-9451.txt