T H E J O U R N A L O F HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING TRANSCULTURAL S T U D I E S 12, Supplement (2021) 12, Supplement (2021) T H E J O U R N A L O F TRANSCULTURAL S T U D I E S ASSESSING THE SCHOLARSHIP OF RUDOLF G. WAGNER Catherine Yeh Introduction 1 Rudolf G. Wagner† Reconstructing the May Fourth Movement: The Role of Communication, Propaganda, and International Actors 6 Marianne Bastid-Bruguière Rudolf Wagner as Historian 45 Edward L. Shaughnessy Rudolf Wagner and Wang Bi 77 Leo Ou-fan Lee Bringing a Global Perspective to Chinese Studies: A Tribute to Rudolf Wagner’s Scholarship 90 Mareike Ohlberg Rudolf Wagner’s Work on the Politics of Modern Chinese Literature 101 William Sax Transculturalism Beyond Dualism: In Memory of Rudolf Wagner 110 Sabina Brady and Catherine Yeh An Imagined Interview with Rudolf G. Wagner: His Thoughts on the Lifeworld in the Anthropocene Age, the Trees/Forest Metaphor, and the Culture of Nature in Transcultural Studies 119 Rudolf G. Wagner: List of Publications 135 iiiThe Journal of Transcultural Studies 12, Supplement (2021) The Journal of Transcultural Studies 12, Supplement (2021) Guest Editor: Catherine Yeh, Chinese and Comparative Literature Editors: Monica Juneja, Global Art History Joachim Kurtz, Intellectual History Diamantis Panagiotopoulos, Classical Archaeology Michael Radich, Buddhist Studies Managing Editor: Sophie Florence Editorial Board: Christiane Brosius, Antje Fluechter, Madeleine Herren, Birgit Kellner, Axel Michaels, Barbara Mittler, Vladimir Tikhonov, and Roland Wenzlhuemer Editorial Assistants: Gundė Daukšytė, Kush Depala, Anja Lind, and Judhajit Sarkar The Journal of Transcultural Studies is edited at the Heidelberg Centre for Transcultural Studies (HCTS) and published by Heidelberg University Publishing. The journal is freely available at http://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/ (open access). ISSN: 2191-6411 iv Contributors Contributors to this Issue Rudolf G. Wagner† was Senior Professor in Chinese Studies at Ruprecht- Karls-Universität Heidelberg and an Associate at the Fairbank Center, Harvard University. He was an intellectual historian with a strong interest in the transcultural connections of ideas, concepts, institutions, and actions. His published work covers a wide range of topics, from studies of early medieval philosophical commentaries to Chinese newspapers since the 1870s, from religious movements to the adaption of foreign concepts in China, and from the “new historical drama” to prose literature of the People’s Republic of China. Marianne Bastid-Bruguière is a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences) of the Institut de France, a member of Academia Europaea, and Emeritus Research Professor at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris, where she worked since 1966 in the Modern and Contemporary History Section. She also taught in the postgraduate program in Chinese history at Paris Diderot University and at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 1972–2008. She was Deputy Director of the Higher Normal School, 1988–1993, and President of the European Association of Chinese Studies, 1992–1996. She holds honorary degrees and professorships from British, Russian, and Chinese institutions. She has been a visiting research scholar or professor in China, Japan, the United States, Russia, and various European countries. Her publications are on Chinese political, social, and cultural history from the early nineteenth century until today. Edward L. Shaughnessy is the Lorraine J. and Herrlee G. Creel Distinguished Service Professor of Early Chinese Studies in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations of the University of Chicago. His career has been devoted to the cultural and literary history of China’s Zhou dynasty (c. 1045–249 BCE), the period that has served all subsequent Chinese intellectuals as the golden age of Chinese civilization. Much of his work has focused on archaeologically recovered textual materials from this period, from inscriptions on ritual bronze vessels cast during the first centuries of the first millennium BCE through manuscripts written on bamboo and silk during the last centuries of the millennium. At the same time, he remains fascinated with the received literary tradition of the period, especially the three classics: Zhou Yi or Zhou Changes (better known in the West as the I Ching or Classic of Changes), Shang shu or Exalted Scriptures (also known as the Shu jing or Classic of History) and Shi jing or Classic of Poetry. Leo Ou-fan Lee is Professor Emeritus at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, where he has taught for the last sixteen years. Before that, he taught at a vThe Journal of Transcultural Studies 12, Supplement (2021) number of universities in the United States, including Harvard University, the University of Chicago, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and Indiana University. His English language publications include The Romantic Generation of Modern Chinese Writers (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973), Voices from the Iron House: A Study of Lu Xun (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987), Shanghai Modern: The Flowering of a New Urban Culture in China, 1930–1945 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), and City between Worlds: My Hong Kong (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008). Mareike Ohlberg is a Senior Fellow in the Asia Program at the German Marshall Fund (GMF) and leads the Stockholm China Forum. She is based at the GMF’s Berlin office. Before joining the GMF, Ohlberg worked as an analyst at the Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS), where she focused on China’s media and digital policies as well as the Chinese Communist Party’s influence campaigns in Europe. Prior to that, she was an An Wang postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University’s Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies and a postdoctoral fellow at Shih-Hsin University in Taipei. She spent several years living and working in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. She is co-author of the book Hidden Hand: How the Communist Party of China is Reshaping the World (London: Hardie Grant Books, 2020). Ohlberg has a doctoral degree in Chinese studies from Heidelberg University and a master’s degree in East Asian regional studies from Columbia University. William S. (“Bo”) Sax studied at Banaras Hindu University, the University of Wisconsin, the University of Washington (Seattle), and the University of Chicago, where he earned a PhD in anthropology in 1987. He has taught in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Paris, France, and at Harvard University, and at Heidelberg University, where he is Chair of Cultural Anthropology at the South Asia Institute. His major works include Mountain Goddess: Gender and Politics in a Central Himalayan Pilgrimage (New York: OUP, 1991); The Gods at Play: Lila in South Asia (New York: OUP, 1995); Dancing the Self: Personhood and Performance in the Pandav Lila of Garhwal (New York: OUP, 2002); God of Justice: Ritual Healing and Social Justice in the Central Himalayas (New York: OUP, 2008); The Problem of Ritual Efficacy (New York: OUP, 2010) (edited with Johannes Quack and Jan Weinhold); Asymmetrical Conversations: Contestations, Circumventions and the Blurring of Therapeutic Boundaries (New York: Berghahn, 2014) (edited with Harish Naraindas and Johannes Quack); and The Law of Possession: Healing Possession, and the Secular State (New York: OUP, 2015) (edited with Heléne Basu). vi Contributors Sabina Brady has lived and worked in China in senior level positions in both the corporate and nonprofit sectors for four decades, including fifteen years in multi-national corporate executive positions and over twenty-five years in executive management, senior consultancy, and board governance roles in the civil sector. Her work in the education sector includes co-founding the Western Academy of Beijing (one of China’s first private, nursery-G12 international schools), and consulting and board director positions at educational service entities, special education, and vocational schools. Her public health sector work included leading the Clinton Foundation HIV/AIDS China Initiative to support the establishment of a nationwide care and treatment infrastructure within the existing public health system in China. In clean energy, she co- led the design, establishment, and operation of a US-China bilateral, public- private initiative to advance clean energy commercial solutions, including securing formal presidential endorsement from both countries. She continues to provide Chinese entities in the Chinese civil sector with capacity building, governance and strategic planning, and related guidance and services. Brady graduated with an Honors Program degree from Swarthmore College. Catherine V. Yeh is Professor of Chinese Literature and Transcultural Studies in the Department of World Languages and Literatures of Boston University. Her research is in global cultural interaction and flow in the fields of literature, media, and visual culture during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Her most recent books and projects include The Chinese Political Novel: Migration of a World Genre (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015) and Asia at the World’s Fairs: An Online Exhibition of Cultural Exchange (project editor and co-author, Boston University, 2018). Her current project is Improbable Stars: Female Impersonators, Peking Opera and the Birth of Modern Star Culture in 1910s China.