The University of Toledo Translation Journal of Medical Sciences 
Nephrology Abstract, Department of Medicine Research Symposium UTJMS 2023 May 5; 11(1):e1-e1 

A Case Series of Potential Cyanotoxin Exposure 

Jerrin George1*, Benjamin French1, Rajat Kaul2, Steven T. Haller1, David J. Kennedy1, Deepa Mukundan2 

1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of 
Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 
2Department of Pediatrics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614 

*Corresponding author: jerrin.george@rockets.utoledo.edu

Published: 05 May 2023 

Introduction: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in prevalence and severity globally and 
locally in the Great Lakes region. HABs have the potential to produce serious adverse human health 
effects due to the production of cyanotoxins from cyanobacteria. Common routs of exposure include 
recreational exposure (swimming, skiing, and boating), ingestion, and aerosolization of contaminated 
water sources. Cyanotoxins have been shown to adversely effect several major organ systems 
contributing to hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal distress, and pulmonary inflammation.   

Methods: We present three pediatric case-reports that coincided with HAB exposure with a focus on 
presentation of illness, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of HAB-related illnesses.    

Results: Potential cyanotoxin exposure occurred while swimming in the Maumee River and Maumee 
State Park in Northwest OH during the summer months which coincide with peak HAB activity. Primary 
symptoms included generalized macular rash, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and severe respiratory distress. 
Significant labs included leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. All patients ultimately recovered 
with supportive care.   

Conclusion: Symptoms following potential cyanotoxin exposure coincide with multiple disease states 
representing an urgent need to develop specific diagnostic tests of exposure. 

https://dx.doi.org/10.46570/utjms.vol11-2023-768 

https://dx.doi.org/10.46570/utjms.vol11-2023-768
mailto:jerrin.george@rockets.utoledo.edu