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UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE 
VOL. 3 | ISSUE I | JAN – JUNE | 2019  			ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 

Analytical Study of Violence Theme in Victoria Schwab’s This Savage Song
Muntazar Mehdi
Assistant Professor, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan, mmehdi@numl.edu.pk
Muhammad Abdullah
PhD Scholar, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan, abdullahbaig09@gmail.com
Saadia Khan 
BS English Literature, NUML, Islamabad, Pakistan, sadia.khan0139@gmail.com
Abstract
This research article focuses on the theme of violence and its representation by the characters of the novel “This Savage Song” by Victoria Schwab. How violence is transmitted through genes to next generations and to what extent socio- psycho factors are involved in it, has also been discussed. Similarly, in what manner violent events and deeds by the parents affect the psychology of children and how it inculcates aggressive behaviour in their minds has been studied. What role is played by the parents in grooming the personality of children and ultimately their decisions to choose the right or wrong way has been argued. In the light of the theory of Judith Harris, this research paper highlights all the phenomena involved: How the social hierarchy controls the behaviour.  In addition, the aggressive approach of the people in their lives has been analyzed in the light of the study of second theorist Thomas W Blume. As the novel is a unique representation of supernatural characters, the monsters, which are the products of some cruel deeds, this research paper brings out different dimensions of human sufferings with respect to these supernatural beings. Moreover, the researcher also discusses that, in what manner the curse of violence creates an inevitable vicious cycle of cruel monsters that makes the life of the characters turbulent and miserable.
Keywords: Parents, Children, Society, Violence, Monsters
1. Introduction
In this research paper, the researcher has analyzed that how the tendencies of violence are created in someone or somewhere because of the cruel acts in the form of some supernatural characters like monsters. In this research, the researcher has described when the cruel deeds are committed and subsequently lead to the creation of monsters among human beings. Through the major character analysis of this novel, ‘This Savage Song’, the researcher has to find out the fact that how the vicious cycle of violence recycles itself because of the evil acts. It is difficult to get away scot-free from it. The hide-and-seek game between the evil and the good started since the creation of this universe. So ultimately human beings are inclined to use evil ways to fulfill their desires.
This research has shown that how the children unconsciously adopt all these things to satisfy their unquenchable thirsts. In this paper, it has also explored that how the supernatural creatures like monsters are created due to violence and how they affect the lives of the people. Similarly, in what manner they control the life of the people. In this research the researchers has to analyze the two major characters of the novel. Katherine Harker, who is a human being but wants to become a monster. In this way, the researcher has highlighted the presence of the elements of aggression and violence in her because of her family- background especially the wicked deeds of her father. The researcher has to explain the fact that in what manner the anxiety, depression and the socio-psychological factors affect the mind of children. When Kate saw this thing that her father liked cruelty and he used to get everything through violence. He had a corps of monsters to create anarchy in the city. The writer, Victoria Schwab, divides the monsters into three categories: Cosai, Malchai and Sunai. She describes these supernatural characters in a very different manner. Cosai comes from the acts that are not actually death-causing, although they do harm the people. The next one is Malchai who is born out of the murder of someone. Kate’s father Callum Harker had a corps of monsters consisted of Cosai and Malchai. Cosai lives on flesh and Malchai on blood.
The other character is August Flynn, who is a supernatural being but looks like a human. He is a Sunai. The most dangerous one is Sunai whose food is the soul of criminal human beings and they are the one who born out of the most heinous acts of bomb blasts, target killings, etc. They have their specific instruments which they play when they have cravings for food i.e. the soul of the evils. He has a violin, his brother uses anything to feed on the soul like guitar, piano, flute, etc. but his sister only needs to play a sweet song to fulfill her appetite. In the character of August Flynn, the researcher has investigated that why he wants to be a human being which is a weak mortal creature.
In both characters it is seen that an urge of transformation exists as they both wanted to transform themselves. August Flynn wanted to become a kind-hearted human being because he tried to feed on the soul of humans. He wanted to live a normal life, but life is so cruel that it never spares any one. Kate Harker tried to normalize her life to become cruel, but no one was successful in their acts. They both lived in a city of cruelty and fear where no one is secure and evil acts created an inescapable cage of real monsters around them.
2. Research Objectives
The objectives of this research are:
i. To explore the theme of violence in this novel “This Savage Song” with the help of its characters.
ii. To analyze that how violence breeds in children because of their parent’s influence, who want to harm the other people.
iii. To find out the socio-psychological factors of violence present in this novel “This Savage Song”
3. Significance of Research
The significance of this research study has been based on the factors that how violence breeds violence and in what way it gives birth to the monsters in the society. In what manner the writer describes the birth of supernatural characters (monsters) in the novel as a result of some cruel acts. The socio-psychological reasons behind the violent traits of the characters of the novel would be examined. How violence, cruelty and evil deeds affect the lives of the characters? How the urge of gaining power makes monsters in a society?
4. Research Question
What are the socio-psychological factors behind the violent traits of the protagonists in the novel “This Savage Song”?
5. Literature Review
Man is endowed with reasoning faculty. Man has learnt to live and understand this world. It is said that man has to come and to depart alone from this world. Then why there is conflict of right and wrong in a society? The answer is simple. Man cannot live alone in this world. Man needs relatives and friends. There are not only relatives and friends, but also rivals and competitors. In the modern era, man is forced to live in a globalized world of cut-throat competition. Power and authority play significant role in man’s life. If a person is powerful, he enjoys life fully, because such a man establishes his power by creating fear and horror in the hearts of his fellow men. Such people kill and usurp the rights of other people. They gain short-term benefits but they trigger an unending series of violence. Just as Able killed Cain and laid the foundation of oppression and injustice, ultimately the tyranny spread all over the world. Like Mistletoe, it inflicted weapons of mass destructions. Violence, fear and conflict are the products of hunger and lust for power. In this novel, one sees that Kate’s father Callum Harker was a power-hungry person and to satisfy his hunger for power he controlled the lives of people of Verity city and the whole city with the help of army of such maniacs who were the product of evil. In the end, Violence destroyed him; those who take the sword must perish by it. Violence only needs a trigger, then it gets started and spreads like a dark night in which no one can differentiate between the right and the wrong way.
Humans become monsters due to their limitless dreams. Owing to these limitless desires, monsters are also born in their surroundings. Just as the creatures which feed on flesh, blood and soul presented in this novel. These all are the products of some lethal acts, the result of the murder of any innocent one. August Flynn the protagonist of the novel who is a monster is also a product of cruel deeds. He wants to be a human, a kind hearted human, but due to the lust of power human created monsters. The world is full of cruelty and violence, innocence has perished from the earth. As Coleridge (1798) in his poem, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, writes about the worst consequences of the bad deeds. Violence falls upon them as a curse just as the sailor killed the innocent wind giving the bird and as a punishment all had to face death, hunger, thirst and fear.
All humans have a 'dormant' beast present in them and it comes out when the situation is favorable for it. One uses this beast as a tool to fulfill one's own desires. Themain character Kate Harker burns six school chapels, fighting and threatening the girls. She uses all the evil means to get the attention of her father and shows herself as powerful and remorseless as her father is. One can relate this thing to the present situation of the world that how political violence affects the minds of children from the study of Iavi & Slone (2009) who identified that in the places like Israel , the attitude and the behavior of the people, particularly children undergo a lot of changes due to the violence which is prevalent there. Similarly, due to the death of her mother Kate has changed remarkably. Likewise, in West Bank and Palestine, Anarchy and bomb blasts have also created a very hostile and passive approach of these children towards life. Due to the social and the political atmosphere it created a very drastic change in the behavior of the children as compared to the children of the same age in other parts of the world. So the views the children perceive for a long period of time has a greater impact on their minds.
In these places where no one is safe from violence is just like the Verity city described by the writer. The mental condition of children is as disturbing as the character of Kate depicts in this novel. They want to become monsters to fight with those monsters in the disguise of human beings who spread violence both politically and socially and eat their flesh. How violence is induced in someone and its psychological effects on the behavior of a person? Causes of violent behavior in young school children and how violence breeds violence? Just as the elements of violence present in Kate. She was born in a war and her father was a killer who has a corps of monsters. So these violent traits are present in her person. The story of Kate and the child in the novel Blood Meridan McCarthy (1985) has similar traits as both were born in war. That is the reason child agrees to join Captains Whites Company to kill Mexicans at a very young age of fourteen. Before joining that company he came across with an old man who describes himself as the bad implication of violence and massive killing just like Kate trapped in an inescapable trap of misery which never ended. After the killing of all the monsters another monster was created because the vicious cycle of evil never ends easily once it starts. Kate uses all the ways to put her life on a right track. She used evil ways in school to become prominent and to go back home in order to start a normal life. But in the world of evil, it is difficult to escape easily from the quagmire of wrong deeds.
War and anarchy do not mean only some physical danger i.e. killing or murdering it is something beyond that realm. It affects the mental conditions of the people in a very bad way. It makes children to think violently and to behave in a brutal manner. They start thinking that they can achieve anything by spreading terror and using evil ways. They lose their innocence just as Kate and August who know their realities. They cannot live a normal life. The social factors had played a very significant role in their lives. Herrenkohl (2008). Many researches have been done that highlight the potential of violence present in young children as compared to elders just as element of violence present in Kate since childhood. In these researches, it is also mentioned that the absence of one parent, anarchy and crime also had a great role towards violent behavior of children. August wants to become a soft hearted human, although he has full awareness of the evil present in him. But Kate used all the wrong ways to get a normal life. Due to socio-psycho factors they both were striving for a better life.
Every human loves power. The urge of power and becoming prominent is induced in human nature, it runs in his veins like blood. In this game of power, evil is one of the biggest tools to awake the monsters which are present in a person. Callum Harker of this novel in the delusion of his power and to maintain his rule on the Verity City, did not spare even his wife. He said she died in an accident. But his daughter knows he killed her with one of his monster just to keep his head high. Past never leaves one. It travels side by side throughout one's whole life. It can influence anyone’s behavior. Everyone’s life is full of some untold painful stories. In one of research papers about Violence against girls provokes girls to violence Schaffer (2007) has mentioned about this phenomenon. Through that research one can fully understand the behavior of Kate the protagonist of the novel. That how she wants a normal life, a home, in which both of her parents can live with her. She had done all the cruel things like her father. She proved herself in every school that she was as strong and brave as her father. So the violence in her behavior is due to the emotional negligence of her parents. What a setup God has made for His creatures in this universe. Humans become monsters because of their frivolous desires and monsters want to become human. Both are suffering in their own ways simultaneously. The same difficulty was faced by the protagonist of this novel August Flynn, who is a sunai: the result of some cruel deed.
He spent his childhood confined in a house. He has a great knowledge about humans. The hollowness about man is described in the poem The Hollow Man by T.S. Eliot inspires him. He wants to satisfy his own self. He no more wants to be kept in one place. He was fed up to satisfy his hunger while feeding on the souls of humans. In one research paper about human sufferings in which human are not satisfied with their life and they feel why the nature around them is so unpleasant for them; Durkheim,(2008) describes in his study that mostly humans face these kinds of problems when there is a difference created by nature and society around them. So August has been facing the same problem as described by Durkheim in his study. August has also the problem to socialize in the society. He wants to become a normal human to remove all the cruelty, violence from the society that every day creates a real monster like him. August the protagonist of this novel all the time wishes to become human. 
He again and again expresses this wish to himself and to Kate. She tells him that in this world, humans are more dangerous than the monsters. They are real monsters and also the product of their deeds. He liked Plato. He had a full knowledge about his books, especially. The Republic in which he explained the real philosophy that self-establishment is itself a great accomplishment. If one wants to become a real human being he/she has to become humane. These all things were not possible in August because he cannot achieve the highest point of humanity. He was a sunai who feeds on human souls. This thing was also discussed in a journal by Kierkegaard (1854). He describes that humanity is not an easy thing. Human being is a supreme creature and he can do all the things that all other living creatures cannot. So to taste the fruit of humanity, one must have to achieve some higher goals. But all these things were pretty much difficult for August. The socio-psycho factors do not allow him to become human.
People say mostly about other people or children around them that he is inborn writer, musician, mathematician or an artist. But no one sees the complete scenario behind someone being extra ordinary. Mystery that penetrates in every cell, not only is in the blood, but also present in the inner layers of these cells. All the dangers, fear, success and failures of anyone’s life is encoded in it. In the study of biology these are called genes. Mukherjee  (2016) a famous physician also claimed that gene is the most influential thing in the human body, it not only affects physical traits but also a psychological condition of children. He also explained this fact in his book in (2010) The Emperor of All Maladies by giving the example of his own family, the sufferings of his close relatives due to some mental problems and also the transfer of this trait in their next generation. So the case of Kate Harker is similar that the gene of violence present in her was bequeathed from her father.
So, at the end of the chapter in the light of research objectives to explore the theme of violence in the novel “This Savage Song‟‟, the researcher has studied, how violence affects the life of the characters. How their psychology is affected. How this thing breeds in them due to the influence of their parents and what is the role played by socio- psycho factors. All these things are discussed above in the light of previous researches based on this objective. The social factors and the inherited-genes played their role in it. This dissertation would highlight that the violent deeds affect not only the one person and its family, but how they create an inevitable gyre of violence. After the death of one monster how the other monsters are created immediately and the game of endless cruelty begins. It takes the whole society towards a blood bath. These factors have been found out, in response to the questions about the main objectives of the research.
7.	Research Methodology
The present study has been done to find out the reasons behind the violent behavior in the human beings. How it breeds in someone and what are the psychological reasons behind it. The supernatural characters which are present in this novel and the part they play in it; how they are created as a result of human misdeeds. Why human beings want to become monsters and monsters want to become human beings? The researcher has selected the qualitative method for the complete analysis of the novel "This Savage Song”. Data will be collected step by step through the study of the characters and how the theme of violence is present in it. And what are the socio-psycho factors behind the violent trait of the characters. Data analysis of the research has been based upon the theoretical framework which is selected for the study of Theme of violence with respect to its characters. To keep in mind the research questions the researcher has analyzed the data to reach its final objectives.

7.1 Theoretical Framework 
The research work of this study has been based on the theory of violence and aggression by Judith Rich Harris in her book The Nurture Assumption, (1998) in which she has explained the psychological factors about the violent behavior in children and another theory of violence in which the social aspects of violence are presented by Thomas W. Blume (Volume 2, Spring 1996, pp. 9-23). In this research paper, the researcher has to find out the socio-psychological factors behind the theme of violence present in this novel. So the researcher has combined these two theories to explain the theoretical frame work. In the first theory, the theorist Judith Harris explained the areas of the brain implicated in violent or aggressive behavior, Psychology of a child and the reasons behind them of becoming violent in nature and how this thing is connected to the characters of the novel. The researcher observed this thing with Kate Harker, who was engaged in minor crimes due to the socio-psycho factors. Lack of fear and of understanding towards each other and desire for excitement these factors made them aggressive and violent in behavior. On the other hand, August, who wanted to become human and remove violence from the society, showed how the environment and the acts of his parents influence his personality although he is a monster, a product of cruel acts.
In the above theory, this thing is also mentioned that violent behavior also transmitted through genes from one generation to the next. So one of the major factors of the tendency of violent behavior in Kates is due to this very reason and social reasons had also a great influence upon her behavior. The sociological factors present behind the theme of violence present in this novel are explained in the second theory by Thomas W. Blume. He proposed many of the factors, including the goal of social change which have been created by a powerful elite for their selfish means. In this case, violence is seen as a natural response from the elite stratum of society when any social hierarchy is threatened and the powerful people use violence and aggression in the society to maintain their power. As Callum Harker, the power megalomaniac, had created violence in the society to maintain his power. So these things the researcher has found out in this study.
8.	Content Analysis
“This Savage Song” by Victoria Schwab is selected for research. This novel will be analyzed according to the "The Qualitative Thematic Analysis Technique". The theme of the novel will be analyzed by keeping in mind the theoretical framework to fulfill the objectives of the research. This is the story of Verity City; the story of violence and its birth; the story of two young souls Kate and August struggles to become a monster and human; and the story of their parents. Twelve years ago, war broke out between the two different groups in the city which resulted in the massive killings of innocent people due to the lust for power. The city is divided into two parts. Under the control of two different men, one was power hungry, the other wants power to save the lives of the people. Killing of innocent people results in a great damage to the social fabric and those who are responsible for that killing must have to pay the debt of the lives of innocent and it also breeds some harmful things in the society. In this novel, Victoria Schwab has beautifully explained the theme of violence that how it breeds in the society. By the representation of the game of evil she shows how the supernatural characters are born due to bomb blasts, target killings etc. These supernatural characters in the novel are the product of fight which took place twelve years ago. They are divided into three groups. Cosai, Malchai and Sunai. The analysis of the characters in the light of theoretical frame work in which the theorist Judith Rich Harris explained in her book The Nurture Assumption that how parental behaviors and their acts play a very important role in shaping the lives of their children, their behavior and their way of perception and how the violent behavior travels through genes.
Kate, whose full name is Katherine Olivia Harker is the daughter of a very powerful man Callum Harker famous for his three things, making money, friends and enemy in the Verity city. Katherine is a sixteen year old school girl. She wants to live a normal life like any other ordinary girl. But her power hungry father sends her to different boarding schools. She created problems there like beating girls and burning the school chapel that’s why she changed six schools in five years. All she did to come back home. She wanted to become a monster as her father liked a monster. He had a corps of monsters Cosai and Malchai to rule the one part of the city.
August Flynn, a supernatural character, in the novel was also sixteen years of age. He was the product of some cruel act of the murder of the innocent. His guardian was Henry Flynn, head of the southern part of the city. He wanted to become human to remove monsters from the world. He was a sunai whose food was soul of prisoners. Sunai, had a unique character that they went dark when they stop feeding on the soul of evil ones. August had tallies on his skin, which showed how much time they had in this world. August had become fed up of feeding on the soul of humans, but he was afraid to go dark. So he did all this to remove the sinners from this world. Both the characters are striving for their existence to make their life easier and useful for the others.
Everyone is connected with the past and these past memories shape his/her behavior. This past knowledge is essential to know any person because man does not reveal his background to everyone. These characteristics are found in the persons of Kate and August the main characters of this novel. Their past is not known to everyone, but it is unfolded through various tales about them. These tales reveal their nature fully. They reveal the truth about Kate Olivia Harker. Kate, who apparently with her iron nails was undaunted and had burnt six schools created fear in the heart of her fellows like her father, but in reality she wanted to escape from the strange walls and strange faces of Dalloway, Leighton, Pennington, Wild Prior and St.Agnes. She says that firstly his father dug the grave of her mother and then put the Kate into these six strange places. She wished to live like an ordinary girl in an ordinary household “I want to come home” (Schwab, 2016, p. 20).
Kate, who born in a city of violence, and where monsters were free, wanted to gain attention of her father since her childhood. She has developed aggressive behavior in herself: very daring and confident just like her father. She also killed a malchai from his father corps. Her hands did not shiver at that time. She hasn’t even felt pity for the monster like her father. These things depict that environment is the byproduct of man. And then this environment shapes man. His every trait is the reflection of his environment. Scientists and psychologists agreed upon this point that man’s environment mirrors his psychology. Kate used to live with her mother and then after the death of her mother, at the insistence of her father, she had to stay at boarding schools. She had a violent streak to get everything she wanted just like her father. This gave impetus to the urge of Kate of becoming a monster. The evil involved is the environment and socio- psycho factors, especially the influence of her father. The man who said “The people are users. It’s a universal truth, use them, or they’ll use you.” (Schwab, 2016, p.93).
This shows her father’s materialistic approach towards life, which too much resembles to the thinking of dominating men that are busy in turning the lives of innocent people into ashes and tangle themselves and their generations into the endless and fruitless gyre of money; making enemies and friends just for the sake of power. The next generation of these kinds of real monsters has same problems as Kate was facing in the society. Having no idea where to go and whom to follow. So the things she perceived since her childhood had everlasting prints on her mind. She looked at the world from the eyes of her father just to get his attention. But later when she looked at the things critically and when she removed the spectacles of her father’s perception of world, then she realized that how cruel she was and the world created by her father, their home in appearance was very elegant and beautiful, but in reality full of savagery, blood and cruelty the place where everyday men were murdered and monsters were created. How her father gave way to violence to produce monsters and later on they also killed her father because when one sow the seed of cruelty it never gives one the flower of springs, but an everlasting pain that takes life from one's body not in one time but it makes one's every breath painful. August Flynn, who was a Sunai, a product of some evil, cruelty and loss of the life of innocent children. But he was born to feed on evil soul to remove the real monsters walking everywhere in the disguise of humans, the crown of all creation.
According to his perception of the world, he said that: “It began with a bang” (Schwab, 2016, p.21). This universe came into existence by the huge explosion, with a big bang. But it will end because of a bang of human cruelty and deeds which he has been doing to take power and play with the weakness of ones who are fragile. Here we can also see the things in August that he is a real monster product of evil, but he wants to become human desperately. He said “I am not a monster, that’s what he wanted to say, but he couldn’t. He hadn’t found a way to make it true” (Schwab, 2016, p. 34).
He wanted more time to end this bloody game of power and hunger which results in destruction. It may not cause the death of one person or two, but death of families, their dreams and also the optimistic approach of their coming generations. August a sunai, a non-human creature knows the hollowness of men more than men themselves know. They always sing the song of savagery. Their hearts are full of poison and bitterness. They cannot imagine the prosperity and happiness of others. They even do not sacrifice their minor things for others. They destroy the happy moments, innocent dreams, houses that every brick is bought by the sweat and blood of their possessors.
They destroy the houses of people through violence. To satisfy their mean desires, they commit murder and violent deeds. If one relates this thing to the present situation of the world that how the higher authorities kill brutally the innocent people; the father, the son or husband who is the only bread winner of the family. In America, black people, murder their foes for the sake of revenge. The crime rate is very much higher, they steal the things, money and if anyone resists they kill them. In Pakistan, target killing is very common, especially in Karachi just for the sake of money and vested-interests. They take the lives of the people. And, with them the whole family is buried in the darkest grave of misery. So in this world of evil, cruelty and darkness August wants some light that is the reason he steals the soul of sinners. And hence his tallies protect him from falling him into the darkness. Although he is a product of evil, he wants to remove all the violence from the earth. He wants to fill the world with the light of happiness. And to make this world a place where there is no room for monsters and no catalysts present to breed the new ones. He wants to fulfill the dream of his father, guardian Henry Flynn to do something to remove the cruelty from this world. August was also very much impressed with his brother Leo, the first sunai. He helped his father a lot to do their work for the betterment of their region. His brother said to his father not to worry about them “We are soldiers, Flynn. We are holy fire” (Schwab, 2016, p. 29).
The positivity in his character is because of his guardian Henry Flynn, who also lost his parents, first wife and brother in this game of blood and power. But he worked for the betterment of the people with the help of his son Leo who was also Sunai. He was a surgeon and saved people’s life without any greed of money. So as the researcher discusses this thing in her theoretical frame work that the influence of parent’s deeds on children had played a very significant role in the lives of their children. One can see this thing in the contrasting character of both August and Kate. The socio-psycho factors had influenced both the character in a different manner, as this thing is reflected through their actions in the whole novel. Their perception, their approach towards life is totally different because Kate is seeing the appearance and when she realizes the reality of golden coating of coal stones no time is left. And she witnesses the birth of new monster. August who tried his best to save Kate from these monsters is helpless. As the humans and our soldiers who gave their lives, energies, dreams, families to stop spreading the game of violence feel helpless as Kate and August are. The seed of violence has so much potential in it that without water or manure, it germinates, grows, spreads and covers the whole land automatically. It needs only some hatred and some lust of power, then it spreads and with its dangerous, deadly fangs inflicts wounds that are unable to heal and cure easily.
This savage song of violence has been sung by man since time immemorial and this song will be sung till the dooms day. Most of the time we hear this that violence breeds violence but no one goes into the depth of this thing. Because mostly human-beings become violent for their survival, it is a common approach. Men are mostly violent and cruel to save their own lives. No, it is not the reality. They are mostly aggressive to materialize their wild desires that they are unable to fulfill by using the right path. So a person despite of finding a solution mostly choose the wrong path that looks easier but it tangles them in a vicious cycle of miseries that it is difficult to escape from it. 
After looking at the history of violence, it is known that violence is the main trait of man and it is only curbed by civilization. The primitive man was violent in nature as it was the need of the hour. He had to hunt his prey by using this violent trait for his survival. Gradually he learnt sympathy for the fellow creature and in the course of civilization, he adapted kind compassionate behavior. This became his salient trait and transformed him from savage man to human being but civilization has not expunged his violence trait. People say that primitive man became violent because of his survival. No one in this world is violent consciously. Man has been given the reasoning faculty which restraints him to become violent, but the beginning of this universe and human development tells us that his violent trait was inevitable for his survival. Civilized man is only violent because of his wild desires sometimes it appears in the form of money, women or being dominating. The first murder was committed by Cain because of a woman. So when one examines the theme of violence in this novel one realizes this that all the characters in this novel are revolving around their own wishes. If it is said that August is neutral, then it is also incorrect because he was fed up of his own existence.
That's why he wants to become human to remove evil from this earth because he was tired from the battle of cruelty started on the earth. In this battle, there is no room for humans, but to monsters only. The tendency of violence in children is also more than their parent's. By looking at this thing in the present world, it can be observed that how the children of these kinds of people have the same type of mental setup. They think that they can achieve all the things through the use of weapons. The upper class controls the lower class by the formula of might is right and this is also the main reason of violence in our society. This thing is also mentioned by the second theorist chosen by the researcher Thomas W. Blume. In the present century, America, Israel, and other European countries have a lot of economic power and armies like Callum Harker in this novel. These countries spread anarchy in Iraq, Afghanistan and in Syria. Recently bomb blasts and target killing have also started in these countries, because, the cost of the lives of innocent poor people is always trivial for them. According to Kate: “My father keeps a Malchai as a pet” (Schwab, 2016, p.244). Similarly, the west world also considers the people of east their slaves. They think that all their strength and resources should be used for their own benefits. Like the oil resources and some other resources, coal and precious minerals are only beneficial for the west. So that’s why they create anarchy to appease their greed. As Callum Harker uses the strength of his monsters and also killed them even for minor reasons. But at the end Callum Harker‟s own monsters killed him at the end of the novel in the same manner as the monsters created by these countries, exploit innocent Muslims. Ahmed (1999) mentioned in his article “The Talibans Exposing Extremism” The west said that Talibans created terrorism in their countries. They are not the Talibans, but the pets they keep for their benefits on minor wages for feeding their families and usurping their land and dreams.
The violence needs only one reaction one incident that occurred in the verity city twelve years ago and overcome the curse of violence spread in their city, but they were unable to do it. One of their teachers said in her school, she usually thought:
But, the teacher had been right about one thing: violence breeds violence...... Someone pulls a trigger, set off a bomb, drives a bus full of tourists off a bridge, and what’s left in the wake isn’t just casting shell casing, wreckage and bodies. There’s something else, something bad; an aftermath; a recoil, a reaction to all the torture, cruelty and death. That’s all the Phenomenon was really, a tipping point. Verity had always been violent the worst in all ten territories – it was only a matter of time before there was enough mass and all that bad started pulling itself together. (Schwab, 2016, p. 56) 
This statement reflects the reality about the birth of violence. Nothing is left, but pain and anger from both sides: the actor and the reactor both pay off the debt. 
The humans are responsible for their own deeds. Their footsteps, their own deeds follow them. It makes or breaks their life. The good is simply a word but has depth in its connotation. If one does well, no pain, no monster is created anywhere in this world for him/her. But violence, evil and cruelty have very deep roots, it has no escape. It affects not only one person, but its whole coming generation. It is instinctive in nature. No matter, how good one is, how ignorant one is, it catches man. Just like Kate has to fight with another monster at the end of the novel. Violence from their surroundings surrounds them like an air. Violence is present in Kate’s gene and August is the product of violence. So both are trying to get rid of this thing, but they are helpless, because the world is full of real beast and blood sucking creatures. If, one tries to observe this thing in this world, one can see that modern man and primitive man both have violent instinct. Because violence is instinctive in nature, it is present in the genes of every man and when he sees any weak point of his fellow.
His instinct is activated. As Kate‟s father Callum Harker a human being having violence in his instinct and also very active, is shown fully from his acts he said: “Every weakness exposes flesh‟ ‟he‟d said, “And flesh invites a knife.‟‟(Schwab, 2016, p. 58). Man is always selfish, greedy and power hungry. If he is not able to cope with his devilish instinct, then the anarchy and his wrong doing will result harmful not for himself, but also for his generations like Kate in this novel. Most of the men have been facing the same problem as a result of the violent act of their ancestors.
9.	Conclusion
This was the qualitative research and all the research has been made in the light of objective and research questions. The researchers have analyzed only the main theme in the light of characters of this novel. But there are many gaps still left in the novel. There are many important themes, symbols and characters yet to be explored. The significant theme is the song sung by the savage man. The character of Callum Harker still has many unfold stories if one relates his psychology, his status to the present human beings; they are also making this world a place of fire and pain. The main thing that how one can find the solution of violence which is spreading in every society of this world. It not only destroys the society, but also inflicts an everlasting pain that also travels into the next generations. How to place at halt the devilish instincts of man is an important issue. It may provide a clue for monsters to feed on their soul. All these things are still needed to be analyzed in this novel. How the violence is so flexible in nature and once it born spreads easily, quickly like an incurable cancer wherever it finds its way.
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	@ 2017 by the author. Licensee University of Chitral, Journal of Linguistics & Literature, Pakistan. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).



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