Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 63 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: A Corpus Assisted Positive Discourse Analysis Dr Athar Rashid, Assistant professor, Department of Governance & Public Policy, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad atharrashid@numl.edu.pk Dr Arshad Ali, Assistant professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan arali@numl.edu.pk Dr Muhammad Haseeb Nasir, Assistant professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan mhnasir@numl.edu.pk Abstract Formal visits to friendly regions have grown in popularity worldwide in recent years. Heads of state addresses are analysed from a unique perspective. Positive discourse analysis of speeches by international leaders has garnered attention, particularly in Pakistan, following Turkey's president's four visits to the country over the last decade. For the fourth time, he was given the opportunity to address the joint session of parliament. Since their independence, Turkey and Pakistan have had a friendly relationship, and even before that, the people of the region fought to defend the Ottoman Empire during World War II. The people of the subcontinent were active participants in the process, pleading with the British government to maintain the Khilafat system. Very little research has been conducted on presidential speeches, particularly those delivered by Turkish leaders. As a result, the focus of this research paper is on President Erdogan's speeches to the Pakistani Parliament, delivered on November 17, 2016, and February 14, 2020. This study employs a corpus- assisted positive discourse analysis approach in which the concordance patterns obtained from the corpora have been explained in the light of positive discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that President Erdogan's speeches are brimming with optimistic language. He tries to establish a brotherly bond with his listeners through mutual equality, respect, love, and strategic collaboration. He seems to be convinced that it is necessary to emphasise the Islamic bond that exists between the two brotherly states. The current paper is noteworthy because it applies positive discourse analysis to Turkish leaders' speeches, broadening its application scope and enriching the research content of positive discourse analysis through a corpus-informed approach. Keywords: corpus linguistics, adjective analysis, PDA, President Erdogan's speeches, Pakistan parliament Introduction Religious speeches have a big impact on people, especially when they're delivered by leaders from Islamic Brotherhood countries. Researchers can use positive discourse analysis https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 mailto:atharrashid@numl.edu.pk mailto:arali@numl.edu.pk mailto:mhnasir@numl.edu.pk Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 64 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 (PDA) to analyse the speeches of world leaders. J. R. Martin (2004) has provided a new perspective on discourse analysis to researchers. The concordance model provides a theoretical foundation under the umbrella of positive discourse analysis. Because it is simple and effective for analysing any text, PDA has attracted a large number of scholars from all fields. The researchers chose President Erdogan's speeches delivered at the Pakistani Parliament because approaches to speech analysis are uncommon in Pakistan. The research uses Baker's (2008) concordance model of the lexical item, adjective, to conduct corpus-assisted PDA research. It is worth noting that the author chooses to analyse Erdogan's speeches in English because his audience understands him better through an English translation. As a result, the true bond of Islamic brotherhood between the speaker and the audience is the exploration of adjectives in speeches under the guise of positive discourse analysis. This study provides a quick review of the previous research carried out on positive discourse analysis and corpus methodology. The researchers have blended the Positive discourse analysis with corpus linguistics to carry out the analysis of the speeches. The speeches of Erdogan have been analysed using the Baker (2008) model of concordance to see how the president uses adjectives to connect with the people of Pakistan. Objectives The following are the objectives of this study: 1. To find out adjectives in speeches using a concordance model. 2. To look at the adjectives used in the context of the speech. 3. To look into the function of adjectives in positive discourse analysis. Research Questions 1. What adjectives did Erdogan use in his speeches at the Pakistan parliament? 2. What effect do these adjectives have on the audience? 3. What effect do adjectives have in terms of positive discourse analysis? Significance of the Research Speeches by world leaders are always important in research, and when the leader is Erdogan, the importance multiplies in a variety of ways. Erdogan has a special place in the Islamic Ummah, and his speeches are regarded as important in terms of research. Because there has been very little research on Erdogan's speech in Pakistan, this study is completely unique in terms of https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 65 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 President Erdogan's use of adjectives during the joint session of the Pakistani parliament. Turkey is a developed Islamic country in the middle of Europe and Asia. Pakistan is an important strategic partner in Asia, shares the same religion as Turkey, and is a close political partner. As a result, the speeches of Turkey's President have a significant regional and international impact. As a result, positive discourse analysis has been used to examine the role of adjectives used in the speeches. Literature Review In recent years, formal visits to friendly regions have grown in popularity worldwide. Addresses by heads of state are analysed from a unique vantage point. These visits can have far- reaching regional and international ramifications, particularly if they are made by leaders of politically powerful countries. A political leader's visit to another country benefits the receiving country by bringing a slew of economic benefits and treaties. Any visit to another country by the Turkish president will almost certainly be accompanied by cultural agreements and memorandums of understanding. Moreover, President Erdogan's address to the Pakistani parliament is historic on political and cultural levels. Parliament is the most powerful institution in the country, and granting foreign leaders the floor demonstrates a strong bond and mutual respect. The following section contains a discussion on positive discourse analysis: Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA) PDA is a relatively new venue for researchers interested in novel facets of research. As a novel lens through which to view discourse, J. R. Martin's PDA emphasises the labour of discourse creation and the imperative to create a better world. It is critical as discourse analysis progresses from CDA to PDA. Discourse analysis shifts from a deconstructive to a constructive mode of analysis. PDA is more of a complement and progression than CDA in terms of hypothetical assumptions and explanatory techniques. Martin (2004) proposed PDA in his paper Positive discourse analysis: Solidarity and Change at the international conference in Birmingham. He believes that the subject of linguistic analysis should include not only unequally bad news but also very good news. The investigation into PDA began late in Pakistan, but it has been discussed in a variety of settings, including open discourses and the press. According to Zhu Yongsheng (2006), discourse analysis promotes a https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 66 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 constructive attitude toward the resolution of social contradictions and anticipates the construction of a concordant society. Yuan Lijuan and Zhang (2011) examine Obama's remarks on the end of the military mission in Iraq from the pr of PDA. It is important to note that PDA is not a celebration of a text based on the analyst's ideological viewpoint; rather, it seeks to recognise discourses that have the potential to promote the societal improvements that we desire. To put it another way, PDA engages with real-world issues by focusing on areas where dialogue is most effective (Bartlett, 2012). As a result, Bartlett believes that PDA will benefit from an ethnographic approach that situates texts and discourses within a broader definition of the practises and culture of those who create them. This contextualization is required not only to comprehend the roots of the discourse in terms of the conditions of possibility that gave rise to it but also to suggest the conditions of possibility by which progress in the new discourse could be accomplished. PDA, on the other hand, would not 'assume that social issues, such as racism or gender inequality, have been resolved and that we all need to "calm down"' (p. 1) (Majid, 2007). It achieves its emancipatory goal by examining as the focus of study discourses that consciously oppose injustices such as segregation, exclusion, and repression (Hughes, 2018). PDA views resistance as a collective action capable of bringing about progressive change and transformation in society, not just a reaction to inequality and oppression. Examining resistance discourses is thus "a generative project that uses research subjects as tools for imagining and carrying out emancipatory agendas" (Hughes, 2018, p. 199). Theoretical research into PDA is still in its early stages, and more refinement and perfection are required. PDA will attract the interest of researchers because it is distinguished by a tender assessment demeanor, as well as an optimistic and valuable review. Concordance Model of Analysis The study of emerging important lexical trends was constantly supplemented by the examination of concordances. In the analyst's immediate co-text, a concordance provides examples of a word or cluster (Baker, 2008). The number of words on either side of the word/cluster in emphasis can normally be set to meet the needs of the researcher. Correlation lines can also be https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 67 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 sorted in different ways to help the analyst examine different trends within the same word/cluster. Concordance research allows for the examination of language features in co-text while taking into account and inferring from the context the meaning that the researcher is aware of. It is no surprise, then, that it is the only Corpus Linguistics method with which discourse analysts appear comfortable. It demonstrates that Corpus Linguistics is not afraid of 'qualitative' research. Furthermore, because concordance analysis looks at a set number of concordance lines, the results can be categorised and quantified in absolute and relative terms to spot potential trends. Positive Discourse Analysis with Corpus The purpose of this study is to look at the Turkish President's speeches from a positive discourse analysis perspective (PDA). A crucial methodological component of this study, in addition to the PDA, is the use of Corpus to locate the lexical items used to project the desired agenda as valid and actual. A dichotomy of two points of view on a single expression can be found in a variety of genres. The linguistic objects used in the voice were examined using Corpus. A corpus is "a collection of naturally occurring instances of language gathered for language research, ranging from a few sentences to a group of written messages or tape accounts." Corpus Linguistics is an etymological study based on the hypothesis that the significance of "normally occurring" speech can be better understood when viewed in its real-world capability and environment (Vessey, 2013). Corpus linguistics can be used to determine how important it is to include and exclude such etymological and literary highlights. It classifies and examines the language constructs that are used, relying on experimental proof as a foundation. This data-driven evidence decodes the spoken word to determine "probabilities, patterns, overlapping events, or highlight groupings" (Cheng and Lam 2012, p. 175). These expectations can be used to estimate the inclinations and constraints related to these characteristics "for what they are" (Hanks, 2012, p. 405). To a large extent, collocations, concordances, descriptive sentences, and catchphrases are all used to accomplish these goals. These highlights concentrate on real-world examples of language that can be subjectively dissected in order to comprehend their utility and attitude implications (Sinclair 1996, McEnery and Wilson 1996). Corpus Linguistics considers language to be https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 68 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 indistinguishable from a philosophical component in this way; such language research yields a level of objectivity that cannot be attained through instinct or reflection (Baker, 2006, p. 3). Corpus Linguistics examinations of media-related investigations have been found to have a high degree of objectivity, according to scientists. If projects and factual techniques in corpora are used correctly, they can help limit biases about semantic and phonetic content. It can also be used to guide a fixed language analysis (Baker, 2006). PDA and Corpus are frequently used together in studies, despite the fact that they are two different analytical perspectives. Corpus Linguistics (CL) and Positive Discourse Analysis (PDA) are the two most common approaches to quantitative and qualitative analysis. When these approaches are used, quantitative findings become more robust and reliable, and qualitative research becomes more precise and specific (McEnery & Wilson, 2001). The use of a large number of representative texts in Corpus Linguistics (CL) helps to keep the researcher and the data at a safe distance (Hoffmann et al., 2008). This approach, however, may jeopardise the findings because the factual instruments used in the investigation may provide a broader explanation of the facts under consideration. PDA, on the other hand, allows for a more thorough investigation of the subject at hand. The data is analysed while the sociopolitical context is taken into account. It is a reasonable compromise between Corpus' emphasis on literal meaning and objectivity and PDA's emphasis on rhetorical meaning and subjectivity. The combined effect of these two strategies has a significant positive impact on the end result. The results of a study that incorporates these two methods will be enhanced. Research Methodology This study falls under the category of corpus-assisted mixed method research. The corpora were examined in terms of PDA using Baker's (2008) Concordance model. The study is based on the constructive discourse analysis principle, which was developed by Martin (2004). The current study focuses on Erdogan's use of the lexical item 'Adjectives' in his speeches as President of Turkey. For a long time, Pakistan and Turkey have been partners in all seasons. As a result, head of state visits and appearances have had a significant impact on the audience and the general public. The study of lexical items known as adjectives can aid the investigation of the use of language in a speech delivered by Turkish President Erdogan to a joint session of Parliament in Pakistan on 17 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 69 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 November 2016 and 14 February 2020. This paper is made up of two speeches with a total word count of 2613. The speeches are given in Turkish and are accompanied by English translations. The official English version can be found on the website of Pakistan's National Assembly. President Erdogan emphasises the value of friendship between two brotherly countries that have stood by each other through thick and thin. Concordance and lexical items are used to conduct this research. The lexical items aided in the creation of lists of words that were displayed in the corpus in order of their frequency of occurrence. Then, with the Concord app's assistance. KWIC (Keyword in Context) or concordance of the different parts of speech were used to find the most common collocation patterns. This made it easier to figure out how adjectives were used in POS speech. The adjectives that make up the corpora are removed using Antconc. This programme annotated data from different expression sections. It includes a list of adjectives as well as their meanings. Adjectives are hand-picked from this list and used in Erdogan's presidential speech. Theoretical framework Baker's (2008) concordance model serves as the theoretical foundation for this study. Baker's (2008) model of concordance analysis is composed of adjectives. The lexical item "adjectives" is critical to comprehending the language; Lewis' (1990s) lexical approach suggests that adjectives are a necessary component of the language for expressing opinions, and the adjectives are then analysed favourably through constructive discourse analysis. Analysis of Data Turkey and Pakistan have reached a pinnacle in their relationship. The relationship, according to President Erdogan, is "deeper than the sea, sweeter than honey, and higher than the mountain." These are comparative adjectives, and the bonds between them have become so strong over the last seven decades that they are now ready for the superlative adjective degree. I am confident that the heads of state will claim deepest, sweetest, and best at the upcoming meetings. If a visitor comes to the subcontinent frequently, it is assumed that the relationship is brotherly. And this is a long-standing tradition in Turkey and Pakistan. Table 1 examines adjectives used by President Erdogan in his speech, revealing some interesting facts about the two countries' friendship. Erdogan's vocabulary contained a total of 183 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 70 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 adjectives, out of a total of 2613. Adjectives account for 7% of the total word count. Table 1 shows the adjectives and their frequency in concordance, which was created with the Antconc programme (version 3.5.8.0) and TagAnt (version 1.2.0) for tagging. Table 1 Adjectives used by the president Words Frequency of Adjective Words Frequency of Adjective Words Frequency of Adjective Turkish 9 Political 12 Honorable 18 Pakistani 46 Brotherly 6 Economic 6 Great 14 Kashmiri 10 Strong 9 historical 6 Islamic 14 Common 9 humanitarian 12 Indian 3 Golden 3 Strategic 6 Terrorist 24 Developing 2 Israeli 6 Proud 3 Glorious 3 Diplomatic 3 Strong 9 Dear 9 Holy 6 ancient 3 Exclusive 6 Recent 12 Glad 3 Critical 3 Table 1 shows how adjectives used by President Erdogan in his addresses to Pakistan's joint session of parliament on April 17, 2016, and February 14, 2020 shed light on Turkey-Pakistan relations. The adjectives used in the speeches reflect the two Islamic countries' friendly relationship. The choice of words in context highlighted the deep ties that exist between Turkey and Pakistan. As shown in Table 1, the speech is full of positive discourse elements. Erdogan's speech is full of positive adjectives, indicating that he is a positive person. All the adjectives used by the president show positivity which leads to positive and constructive discourse. This demonstrates the strength and Islamic brotherhood of the two countries. The 183 adjectives convey not only the depth of relationship but also its equality in thought and conduct. President Erdogan uses the most words related to terrorism, Islam, and cultural bonding through shared values. We found it candid that the word 'Pakistani' was used 46 times in the speech. In the mind of the Turkish president, the noun 'brothers, government,' combined with the word 'Pakistani,' https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 71 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 reveals the entire story. Erdogan's frequent use of this word expresses his admiration and love for Pakistan. He recognises the Pakistani people's courage, zeal, and determination. He is also aware of Pakistan's importance in the South Asian region. As a result, he visits Pakistan frequently and meets with Pakistan's Prime Minister to discuss the region's development and the international political situation. The word 'terrorist' is the second most frequently used adjective in Erdogan's speeches. During his speech, he uses this word 24 times. In nearly 2600+ words, it is mentioned 24 times in the context of regional security and sustainability. The Turkish priorities in the region are strategic; economic cooperation and organisation (ECO) is one of Turkey's major economic policies toward Pakistan. Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan are all members of the ECO. Pakistan occupies a unique position in the region, and as a result, it ranks first among ECO member states. In recent months, the number of cultural exchanges between Turkey and Pakistan has increased dramatically. In addition, this plan demonstrates how these two countries work together on issues other than defence. Turkey, as a world power, strives to strengthen economic and cultural ties with other countries. Cultural and religious relationships have a greater influence than other types of relationships, such as economic or defence. The most striking comparison is between Turkish and Pakistani words. In the speech, the word "turkish" appears 9 times, while "pakistani" appears 42 times. The Turkish word is used less frequently than the Pakistani word by Turkish President Erdogan. It shows how he emphasises Pakistan's contribution to regional development. The word 'Pakistan,' which has been used 42 times, is the most frequently used and has special meaning in Turkish President Erdogan's eyes. He understands that Pakistan is the only country that can weather both good and bad times. 'Terrorist' is the next word that comes up frequently. South Asia is the world's most strategically important region, and for the past five decades, it has been plagued by terrorism. All of the world's underground agencies rush to this location because it is strategically important. Turkey is a rising world power, and one of the reasons for its prominence is the second Afghan conflict. The third location of Pakistan is in the heart of South Asia. https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 72 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 KWIC Concordance Words in Context Figure 1 depicts Erdogan's use of the word "Pakistani" in his speech, which is full of positive discourse. The context of a keyword reveals the entire story. President Erdogan is concerned about Pakistan's situation in South Asia. In President Erdogan's speech, he uses the word in contexts such as Pakistani brothers and sisters, Pakistani delegation, the Pakistani government, Pakistan students, Pakistani heroes, Pakistani parliament, and many more. President Erdogan is a man of action, and he never forgets the Pakistani government's and people's assistance. During the army coup, Pakistan backed Erdogan wholeheartedly against the army. Pakistan has banned Fatah Golan outfits in the country, even at Erdogan's request. He recalled Pakistanis' support for the Ottoman Empire during WWI, particularly Abdurrahman Peshawari, who fought the occupiers in Anatolia. Figure 1 KWIC Concordances for word Pakistani in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament In Figure 2, the word 'Kashmiri' has an interesting concordance, and Turkey's president has used it positively. He understands the suffering of the people of occupied Kashmir and reaffirms Turkey's commitment to the Kashmiri people's right to self-determination, as promised by the United Nations General Assembly. President Erdogan expressed solidarity with Pakistan on the https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 73 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Kashmir issue and linked it to the city of Anakkale. "Events that occurred a century ago in Anakkale, Turkey, are being repeated in Indian-occupied Kashmir," he said. The words "Kashmiri people," "Kashmiri brothers," and "Kashmiri delegation" are used in a way that expresses concern and reservation about this massive humanitarian crisis. "We are aware of the distress and suffering of our Kashmiri brothers and sisters," says President Erdogan. As a result of the analysis, the speech is entirely positive. Figure 2 KWIC Concordances for word Kashmiri in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament Figure 3 shows the concordance of the word 'Turkish'. President Erdogan uses this word nine times to describe his country's positive contribution to Pakistan's economic growth and improvement. The context is very interesting because it highlights the bond and cooperation between two brotherly nations through Turkish international cooperation, Turkish soldiers, and Turkish nationalism, among other things. "In the year 1915, while Turkish soldiers defend the Dardanelles strait with... a rally took place in Lahore, 6000 kilometers from the front, and it was recorded on the unforgettable pages of history," says Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The positive discourse analysis backs up the claim completely. https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 74 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Figure 3 KWIC Concordances for word Turkish in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament Figure 4 shows the concordance of the word 'Islamic' as a gleaming example of love and devotion to Islam and the Ummah. Erdogan, Turkey's president, respects Islam and, as in the past, leads the world with justice. As a result, he used it 15 times in an affirmative context. The use of the word "Islamic" has a multifaceted meaning in context. He discusses the Islamic world and the Islamic nation. The context demonstrates his concern for the Islamic Ummah's deteriorating situation. Figure 4 KWIC Concordances for word Islamic in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament Figure 5 depicts President Erdogan's use of the word "terrorist" used 24 times in his speech. He employs it frequently to convey his concern and apprehension about this threat. He associates Fateullah Golen's terrorism with the Pakistani terrorist group TTP. This word is used in the context of terrorist attacks, terrorist organisations, and so on. He was well aware that both countries are situated in a key strategic region and have been victims of terrorist attacks. Although https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 75 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 the word has a negative connotation, its usage and context reveal an opposing meaning. He is certain that if both states work together, they will be able to eliminate this threat. Figure 5 KWIC Concordances for word terrorist in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament In figure 6, the word 'honourable' appears 18 times. Turkey's people are very polite and respectful, which is how he portrays Pakistanis and members of parliament in this world. The word is used in the context of honourable chairman, honourable speaker, and so on. The use of this word by President Erdogan in his speech demonstrates the positivity discourse. Figure 6 KWIC Concordances for word honorable in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament In Erdogan's speech, the word 'political' appears 12 times, as shown in Figure 7. President Erdogan is both a statesman and a politician of the highest caliber. He has gained respect in the Islamic world. He reaches out to Muslims in danger whenever and wherever he sees them and offers whatever help he can. The Rohingya Muslims of Myanmar are a prime example. He is a true leader who uses politics for justice. The terms 'political and humanitarian dimensions,' https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 76 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 'political pressure,' and 'political spectrum,' for example, are all examples of the term 'political.' Figure: 7 KWIC Concordances for word political in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament President Erdogan used the last adjective on the list 14 times in his speech to the joint session of the Pakistani parliament. He uses the word "great" in a variety of ways because he is a great leader not only in Turkey but throughout the Islamic world. A significant breakthrough, a significant civilization legacy, a significant contribution, a significant goal, and significant potential and support are all part of the context. Figure: 8 KWIC Concordances for word great in Erdogan Speech to Pakistani Parliament Explanation President Erdogan's speeches are full of adjectives that convey positivity in his thoughts and actions. The corpus analysis presents the positive adjectives in the contexts whereas positive https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 77 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 discourse analysis concentrates on the subjectivity of the text. The combination of corpus linguistics and positive discourse analysis leads to an objective analysis of the two addresses. The use of corpus helps us understand the use of the lexical items and the concordance tool presents each lexical item in its context giving a complete understanding of the dimensions of the meanings of the words. The frequency list of adjectives extracted from the corpus informs us of the amount of positivity in the discourse. President Erdogan's speeches are replete with adjectives that contributed to the constructive discourse. Both of President Erdogan's speeches elicited positive responses from the audience. He possesses an endearing charisma that has elevated him to global prominence and influence, particularly in the Islamic world. Turkish, Pakistani, Kashmiri, Terrorist, Honorable, Great, and a slew of other adjectives exude positivity both literally and metaphorically. He is acutely aware of the state of the Muslim Ummah in his speeches, and thus addresses the issues of the Muslim ummah as if they were his own issues, explaining how we can resolve the Muslim Ummah's problems. Conclusion The positive impact of President Erdogan's speeches in Pakistan's parliament during official state visits in 2016 and 2020 was investigated in this paper. Erdogan's speeches, particularly his use of adjectives, are full of hope. The adjectives depict the Turkish president's overall approach. He uses adjectives in a different with positive connotations like Pakistani, Terrorism, Turkish, political, Islamic, brotherly, and honourable. He addresses the legislators, but his tone and language are intended for the general public. In terms of positive discourse analysis, both speeches are persuasive, rational, and truth-based. Brotherhood, love, reverence, friendship, Islamic ideals, tradition, and community are reflected in the speeches' 183 adjective corpora. Erdogan's speeches demonstrate that in an Islamic brotherly country, speeches are full of positive discourse, resulting in a more positive and constructive tie between the two nations. The use of strong and positive adjectives encourages listeners to think about the Ummah as a whole. Suffering in one part of the Ummah will have ramifications throughout the Ummah. The appealing words enchanted the audience, inspiring them to consider how they could help the Muslim Ummah. https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: 78 UNIVERSITY OF CHITRAL JOURNAL OF LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE VOL. 5 | ISSUE II | JULY – DEC | 2021 ISSN (E): 2663-1512, ISSN (P): 2617-3611 https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301 It is only natural that constructive discourse leads to positive attitudes and behaviour. As a result, President Erdogan's positive adjectives in his speeches influenced not only the Pakistani government but also the general public. The speeches, particularly the adjectives, lend themselves well to discourse analysis. These adjectives have a significant impact on speeches, and they have an even greater impact on Pakistani audiences. This leads to a lot of cross-cultural interaction between the brotherly nations. The best example is the popularity of the Turkish drama, Ertugral Ghazi, which set records in Pakistan. It demonstrates the ties that bind us, the Pakistanis, to the Turkish people. President Erdogan's speeches are a good example of constructive discourse. In a nutshell, 2613 corpus data of Turkish President Erdogan's speeches were analysed using PDA and Baker's corpus lexical model (2003). Antconc and Ant tagger were used to extract lexical category adjectives. The speeches themselves have an uplifting tone which created a feeling of friendliness among the Pakistani audience. In the speeches, the adjectives were mixed with nice words like gratitude, collaboration, and brotherhood to strengthen the bond with the Pakistani audience. 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TEXTUS, 9(1), 75-106. Vessey, R. (2013). Challenges in cross-linguistic and corpus-assisted discourse studies. Corpora, 8(1), 1-26. @ 2021 by the author. Licensee University of Chitral, Journal of Linguistics & Literature, Pakistan. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://doi.org/10.33195/jll.v5iII.301