PDF-797.pdf 361Vol. 9 | No. 1 | Winter 2012 |U R O LO G Y J O U R N A L Therapeutic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Petroselinum Sativum on Ethylene Gly- col-Induced Kidney Calculi in Rats Jafar Saeidi, 1 Hadi Bozorgi,2 Ahmad Zendehdel,3 Jamshid Mehrzad4 Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effects of the aqueous extract of Petrose- linum Sativum aerial parts and roots on kidney calculi. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into of root aqueous extract in drinking water, respectively, from the 14th day of the h experiment. Results: On the 14thh th days of the experiment, serum level of magnesium h - cantly in group B compared with the control group (14th day: magnesium = 2.87 ± h thh PP th day (P((P - groups (P((P Conclusion: Petroselinum Sativum has a therapeutic effect on calcium oxalate stones in rats with nephrolithiasis and reduces the number of calcium oxalate de- posits. Keywords: petroselinum, kidney calculi, ethylene glycol, calcium oxalate Corresponding Author: Jafar Saeidi, PhD Department of Physiology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran Tel: +98 551 661 0455 Fax: +98 551 221 0673 E-mail: s_milad2003 @ yahoo.com Received November 2010 Accepted June 2011 1 Department of Physiol- ogy, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran 2 Department of Toxicol- ogy, Neyshabur Health Center, Neyshabur, Iran 3 Department of Statistics, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran 4 Department of Biochem- istry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran Endourology and Stone Disease 362 | INTRODUCTION Urinary stone is the third prevalent disorder in the urinary system.(1) The annual inci- cumulative recurrence rate was 16% after 1 year, (2) The - (3) The recurrence of urolithiasis represents a serious problem and thus stone prevention and treatment are highly recommended. The use of extracor- poreal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) method may cause acute renal injury, a decrease in renal func- tion, and an increase in stone recurrence.(4) Further- more, some medications used to prevent and treat the disease are not effective in all patients and of-ff ten have adverse effects.(5) Ethylene glycol (EG) has two toxic metabolites; glycolic acid, which is responsible for the acidosis, and oxalic acid, which precipitates as calcium oxa- proximal tubular cell necrosis.(6) Studies have con- death.(7-9) The toxic effects increase free radical production and lipid peroxidation. The petroselinum sativum (PS) or parsley, which is a member of the family of Umbelliferae, is widely - anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and laxative in the digestive tract. Furthermore, it bal- ances enzyme activities, increases glutathione in the kidney, and repairs the kidney tissue after ne- phrotoxicity.(11-13) However, there is no evidence for the therapeutic usage of this traditional medi- cine. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of parsley on the treatment of y MATERIALS AND METHODS - ter. They were divided randomly into 6 groups and remained untreated and served as normal control days. Rats in group B served as EG control group. mg/kg body weight of aerial parts aqueous extract, respectively. Those in groups E and F also received extract in drinking water, respectively, from the 14th day up to the end of the experiment.h (14) The experiment was conducted in accordance Animals and the study was approved by the Eth- Endourology and Stone Disease Figure 2. Serum level of magnesium (mg/100cc serum) in control group, ethylene glycol group, and treatment groups (C = 200 mg/kg body weight and D = 600 mg/kg body weight of aerial parts, E = 200mg/kg body weight, and F = 600 mg/kg body weight of root aqueous extract). Data were expressed as mean ± standard error, n = 6,*P < .001.P Figure 1. Serum level of calcium (mg/100cc serum) in control group, ethylene glycol group, and treatment groups (C = 200 mg/kg body weight and D = 600 mg/kg body weight of aerial parts, E = 200 mg/kg body weight, and F = 600 mg/kg body weight of root aqueous extract). Data were expressed as mean ± standard error, n = 6, *P < .001.P 363Vol. 9 | No. 1 | Winter 2012 |U R O LO G Y J O U R N A L Petroselinum Sativum on Kidney Calculi | Saeidi et al Science. The parsley was purchased from the farmers of parts and roots were separated and dried under suspended in distilled water as aqueous suspen- sion. After removing the solvent from the extract in vacuum, the extract was dried in an oven with a refrigerator and added daily to the drinking water of the rats. ether. Blood was collected from orbital venous plexus in non-heparinized tubes and centrifuged at levels of calcium and magnesium were measured For histological examination at the end of the ex- periment (the 31st day), all the rats were decapitated t by guillotine after they were anesthetized. Thereaf-ff - matoxylin and Eosin, and then examined by light the renal tubules were counted by DP2-BSW-E- B6212, V2.2 Olympus BX51 Microscope Digital (14) Each 9 nm2. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (the Statis- ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test for multiple comparisons among all groups. P values less than P were presented as mean ± standard error. RESULTS Serum levels of magnesium (P((P = .989, D = .372, E = .492, and F = .885) and cal- cium (P((P all the experimental groups on day zero (for details see Table, Figures 1 and 2). - - normalities in different segments of the nephrons 3 to 4 large polygonal crystals, were found abun- dantly in all the segments of the urinary tubules in Serum levels of calcium and magnesium, number of calcium oxalate crystals, and weight of the kidney in study groups Parameters Days Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E Group F Serum level of calcium, mg/100 CC serum 0 8.95 ± 0.15 8.65 ± 0.13 8.57 ± 0.21 9.33 ± 0.34 9.27 ± 0.24 9.03 ± 0.23 14 8.80 ± 0.00 10.45 ± 0.26 9.62 ± 0.24* 10.3 ± 0.21* 10.33 ± 0.23* 9.98 ± 0.26* 30 8.30 ± 0.22 11.33 ± 0.18 9.70 ± 0.07* 10.02 ± 0.46* 9.20 ± 0.07* 10.19 ± 0.4* Serum level of magnesium, mg/100 CC serum 0 4.35 ± 0.11 4.33 ± 0.35 4.3 ± 0.18 4.87 ± 0.35 3.95±0.26 4.18±0.26 14 2.87 ± 0.17 1.71 ± 0.12 2.11 ± 0.06* 2.08 ± 0.35* 2.01 ± 0.05* 2.30 ± 1.60* 30 6.01 ± 0.00 3.81 ± 0.25 5.87 ± 0.18* 7.05 ± 0.10* 4.70 ± 0.00* 6.63 ± 0.23* Number of calcium deposits, in 10 microscopic fields 30 0.00 ± 0.00 16.72 ± 2.22 6.15 ± 1.85* 11.15 ± 0.93* 10.62 ± 0.45* 8.88 ± 0.53* Weight of the kidney, gr 30 1.52 ± 0.07 2.01 ± 0.17 1.42 ± 0.01*** 1.36 ± 0.03** 1.36 ± 0.03** 1.49 ± 0.03** Data were expressed as mean ± standard error, n = 6,*P < .001, **P P < .01, ***P P < .05P 364 | EG group (Figure 4). Renal tubular dilation with epithelial damage and leukocyte reaction were also observed on pathology examination (Figure - higher than that in the control group (P((P EG group in both doses of aqueous extract of PS thh PP renal tubules of the treatment groups were smaller in comparison with EG group. DISCUSSION Our results showed that EG administration can - crease in serum levels of calcium and magnesium, - culi may have a bacterial origin, such as nano- bacteria.(15) Antimicrobial activity of PS materials S Staphylococcus aureus has been reported;(12) there- calculus. The mechanisms of action of PS extract S seem to be mediated by inhibition of the Na+-K+KK pump, which leads to reduction in Na+ and K+KK re- absorption, and thus results in an osmotic water (16,17) The decrease in serum level of calcium indicates - plemented with aqueous extract of PSS mostly recovered from nephrolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis induction by EG has been estab- lished in many researches.(14,18,19) The mechanism underlying the effect of aqueous extract of PS onS nephrolithiasis induced by EG is apparently related to increasing diuresis and lowering urinary con- centrations of stone forming constituents.(16,17)