# bib

id: ve01-112
title: ve01-112
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 85
sentence: 4
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-112.htm
txt: txt/ve01-112.txt
summary:
  Putting the Horse Before the Cart: the Ethical Case for Animal Patient Values in EBVM David Mills MA, VetMB, CertAVP(VC), MRCVS1 1RSPCA, Putney Animal Hospital, 6 Clarendon Dr, London, SW15 1AA *Corresponding Author (dmills@rvc.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 08 May 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.112 This talk will argue that patient values should be the central, primary and overriding consideration in both its practice and research if EBVM is to be an ethically acceptable pursuit.


id: ve01-137
title: ve01-137
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 110
sentence: 6
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ve01-137.htm
txt: txt/ve01-137.txt
summary:
  Clinical Audit Experiences of Veterinary Surgeons Undertaking Farm Animal Work in the UK Katie Waine BVSc, MRCVS1* 1School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD *Corresponding Author (svxkw@exmail.nottingham.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 3 (2017) Published: 21 Jul 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I3.137 Clinical audit can play an important part in improving the services offered by farm animal veterinary practices.


id: ve01-170
title: ve01-170
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 121
sentence: 5
flesch: 28
cache: cache/ve01-170.htm
txt: txt/ve01-170.txt
summary:
  Evidenced Based Approach for a Definition of Defined Daily Dosages of Antibiotics Used in German Pig Production Lothar Kreienbrock 1* 1University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany *Corresponding Author (lothar.kreienbrock@tiho-hannover.de) Vol 3, Issue 1 (2018) Published: 08 Feb 2018 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I1.170 The use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and a resulting development of antimicrobial resistance is a topic of major concern. For this, the correct dosage is an essential measure to prevent antibiotic resistance.


id: ve01-143
title: ve01-143
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 88
sentence: 5
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ve01-143.htm
txt: txt/ve01-143.txt
summary:
  Efficacy of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Puerperal Metritis in Dairy Cows Alina Pohl 1* 1Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany *Corresponding author (Alina.Pohl@fu-berlin.de) Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, Alina discusses the need to evaluate alternative therapies to antibiotics.


id: ve01-22
title: ve01-22
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 47
sentence: 3
flesch: 79
cache: cache/ve01-22.htm
txt: txt/ve01-22.txt
summary:
  How To Critically Appraise A Paper & Run A Journal Club Dr Tim Mair BVSc PhD DEIM DipECEIM Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016) Published: 12 Feb 2016 A slide-cast of Dr Mair's presentation from RCVS Skills Day 2015, London.


id: ve01-127
title: ve01-127
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 100
sentence: 3
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-127.htm
txt: txt/ve01-127.txt
summary:
  Are Blood Lactate Levels Better Than a Crystal Ball – the Veterinary Evidence Base Amanda Boag MA, VETMB, DipACVIM, DACVECC, FHEA, MRCVS1* 1Vets Now, 1 George Square, Castle Brae, Dunfermline, Fife, KY11 8QF *Corresponding Author (amanda.boag@vets-now.com) Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 16 Jun 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.127 In this talk Amanda will briefly review lactate physiology and then focus on the small animal veterinary evidence base – how has it evolved, what do we now know and where are the gaps in knowledge and potential misinterpretations that could affect our use of this clinical tool. Find out more about Amanda.


id: ve01-106
title: ve01-106
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 114
sentence: 5
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-106.htm
txt: txt/ve01-106.txt
summary:
  Vol 2, Issue 1 (2017) Published: 28 Mar 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I1.106 No evidence-based treatment guidelines exist for any ophthalmic conditions of dogs and there is limited published evidence supporting treatments of feline herpes viral keratitis (FHVK). The aim of this study was to document current treatment patterns of canine prolapsed nictitans (PN) and FHVK through the use of a vignette-based survey administered to general practitioner (GP) and ophthalmic specialist (SP) veterinarians.


id: ve01-100
title: ve01-100
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 189
sentence: 8
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-100.htm
txt: txt/ve01-100.txt
summary:
  While acknowledging minor differences, many pyramids list the following information sources for interventions in decreasing order of “validity”: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case control studies, case series and case reports. She proposes a new way to think about evidence from primary studies using the framework for classifying epidemiologic studies proposed by Pearce (2012) based on incident and prevalent cases.


id: ve01-103
title: ve01-103
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 125
sentence: 5
flesch: 31
cache: cache/ve01-103.htm
txt: txt/ve01-103.txt
summary:
  The Global Resource for Online Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Learning Kristen Reyher BSc(Florida), DVM(Cornell), PhD(UPEI), MRCVS1* 1University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH *Corresponding Author (kristen.reyher@bristol.ac.uk) To help make EBVM accessible to the veterinary profession worldwide, we assembled an extensive international team (the EBVM Learning Consortium) with a collective passion for delivering high-quality teaching of EBVM and developed an open access, online resource: ebvmlearning.org.


id: ve01-156
title: ve01-156
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 186
sentence: 9
flesch: 36
cache: cache/ve01-156.htm
txt: txt/ve01-156.txt
summary:
  It focuses on systematic reviews as the most reliable source of research evidence, maximising the power of existing research, avoiding undue emphasis on single studies and reducing the waste associated with research that is ignored or not accessible to decision makers. Evidence Aid is knowledge champion for influencers of the humanitarian sector, including funders, policy makers, NGOs, and humanitarian professionals.


id: ve01-167
title: ve01-167
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 386
sentence: 12
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-167.htm
txt: txt/ve01-167.txt
summary:
  An important aim of this journal is to provide Knowledge Summaries for important questions that support decision making in clinical practice. Thank You to Our Reviewers Peter Cockcroft BA, MA, Vet. MB, MSc, Dip.


id: ve01-236
title: ve01-236
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 516
sentence: 11
flesch: 28
cache: cache/ve01-236.htm
txt: txt/ve01-236.txt
summary:
  Nicola Ackerman Jane Alexander David Allman Konstantinos Antonopoulos Victoria Arbona Sue Badger David Barrett Nicola Bates Nick Bell Jackie Belle Hasan Bilgili Tiffany Blackett Bruce Bladon Filip Blent Tim Brazil Marnie Brennan Katherine Briscoe Andrew Brown Marta Brscic Christopher Bruce Riley Louise Buckley Sarah Caney James Carmalt Thomas Chambers Marge Chandler William Chandler Scott Christopher David Church Jacqueline Cole Polly Compston Elena Contreras Giulio Cozzi Jonathan Cracknell Linda Dahlgren Julie De Lasalle Laura Dixon Dario d'Ovidio Ken Drobatz Anna Dunlap Sushmitha Durgam Sue Dyson Rebecca Elliott Amanda-Jane Erne Virginia Fajt Erik Fausak Mireia Fernandez John Fishwick Geoffry Fordyce Myra Forster-van Hijfte Mary Fraser Lisa Freeman Jennifer Garcia Mark Garneau Laura Garrett Paula Giaretta Toby Gimmel Laurie Goodrich Wanda Gordon-Evans Cecilia Gorrel Kelly Hall (Wilke) Annick Hamaide Anna Hammond Jeanette Hanson Frances Harcourt-Brown Anke Hendricks Katleen Hermans Jo Hockenhull Mark Holmes Shailen Jasani Norman Johnston Stephen Jones Philip Kass Nina Kieves Stanley Kim Simone Kirby Matti Kiupel Barbara Kohn Sheila Laverty Daniel Lewis Matyas Liptovszky Jason Lombard Leo Londono David Maggs Denis Marcellin-Little Stanley Marks Cathy McGowan Maureen McMichael Anna Meredith Gillian Monsell Stewart Morgan Andy Morris Philippa Morrison Pam Mosedale Morag Moseley Hans Nauwynck Stéphanie Noël Ingo Nolte Marianna Norring Nicole Northrup Kazuya Oikawa Mateus Paranhos da Costa Russell Parker Andrew Parry Bob Partridge Rachel Perry Federica Pirrone Simon Platt Siegfried Platz Brian Pound Antonio Pozzi Nicola Robinson Pete Rodgers Jeffrey Runge Silke Salavati Richard Saunders Michael Schaer Silke Schmitz Stefan Schwarz Phil Scott Gonçalo Serrano Bradley Simon Lisa Smart Bruce Smith Eva Spada Kit Sturgess Meghan Sullivan Jo Suthers Sienna Taylor David Thomas Mickey Tivers Mandy Wallace Lisa Weeth Becky Whay Constance White Richard White Roger Wilkinson John Williams Cenk Yardimci Thank You to Our Reviewers Peter Cockcroft MA VetMB MSc DCHP DVM&S DipECBHM MBA MRCVS1* 1University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL *Corresponding Author (p.cockcroft@surrey.ac.uk)


id: ve01-220
title: ve01-220
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2041
sentence: 95
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-220.htm
txt: txt/ve01-220.txt
summary:
  In these papers the authors among other things considered the result of the addition of antimicrobials to corticosteroids for intra-articular injection, therefore it were included in the evidence. Appraisal, application and reflection Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids are employed in horse practice for the treatment of non-inflammatory synovitis and osteoarthritis.


id: ve01-176
title: ve01-176
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2282
sentence: 108
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-176.htm
txt: txt/ve01-176.txt
summary:
  Intervention details: 12 cats were fed a prototype restricted iodine diet and ten were fed a control diet. Can Iodine-restricted Diets Normalise Serum Total Thyroxine (TT4) and Subsequently Improve Clinical Signs in Cats With Hyperthyroidism? a Knowledge Summary by Oliver Gilman BVSc MRCVS 1* 1University of Bristol, Langford Vets, Langford, Somerset, BS40 5DU United Kingdom *Corresponding Author (o.gilman.mrcvs@gmail.com)


id: ve01-243
title: ve01-243
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3296
sentence: 162
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-243.htm
txt: txt/ve01-243.txt
summary:
  Evidence of enhanced colonic wound healing in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (production of granulation tissue, epithelialisation, numbers of fibroblasts, degree of collagen deposition and width of wound) Significant (P<0.05) decrease in concentration of hydroxyproline in colonic wounds of the Group 2 compared to Group 1. Limitations: Small study population The authors have deliberately simulated conditions of relative ischaemia at the anastomotic site which is a major risk factor for colonic wound healing.


id: ve01-159
title: ve01-159
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3255
sentence: 130
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-159.htm
txt: txt/ve01-159.txt
summary:
  It also appears from our search that there are no available studies that correlate the apparent weakness of sternotomy suture closure in large dogs with clinical outcome. Retrospective studies reviewing the clinical outcome of large breed dogs undergoing suture sternotomy closure would also provide useful information and enable more informed clinical decision making in the future.


id: ve01-123
title: ve01-123
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3795
sentence: 200
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-123.htm
txt: txt/ve01-123.txt
summary:
  Owner satisfaction and owner cosmetic score was correlated significantly, with an r2-value of 37% (p<0.0001).  Vol 3, Issue 1 (2018) Published: 15 Feb 2018 Reviewed by: Kristina Kiefer (DVM, PhD) and Victoria Arbona (DVM, MS) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I1.123 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES | SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between wound cosmesis and pet owner satisfaction, to determine the agreement among vet surgeons, and pet owners evaluating a surgical wound with a visual assessment score (VAS), and to determine the agreement between the VAS, a semi-quantitative score of wound inflammation, and wound width.


id: ve01-10
title: ve01-10
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3696
sentence: 175
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-10.htm
txt: txt/ve01-10.txt
summary:
  While further study is still needed to assess the kinetic and kinematic effect of custom stifle orthotics, this study demonstrates that custom canine stifle orthotics allow for improved weight bearing on objective gait analysis and satisfaction in terms of function by validated client survey. While surgery is the gold standard treatment for treating cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, this study showed that custom stifle orthotics can still help improve overall function.


id: ve01-104
title: ve01-104
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 175
sentence: 7
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-104.htm
txt: txt/ve01-104.txt
summary:
  Collaboration as a Key Feature of Equine Evidence-Based Research: A Laminitis Case Study Claire Wylie BVM&S, MSc, PhD, MRCVS1 1Rossdales Equine Hospital, Beaufort Cottage Stables, High Street, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 8JS *Corresponding Author (claire.wylie@rossdales.com) Following generous funding from World Horse Welfare, we have produced a programme of work over the last eight years to improve the evidence base regarding the epidemiology of laminitis.


id: ve01-108
title: ve01-108
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 182
sentence: 8
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-108.htm
txt: txt/ve01-108.txt
summary:
  The Use of an Evidence Based Practice Approach to Promote Active Student Engagement and Life - Long Learning in an Online Graduate Certificate Emma O'Neill BSC, BVSC, PhD1* 1University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin *Corresponding Author (emma.oneill@ucd.ie) Teaching strategies that engender a deep approach to learning by promoting active student engagement are key to these aims.


id: ve01-101
title: ve01-101
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 167
sentence: 10
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-101.htm
txt: txt/ve01-101.txt
summary:
  As we inexorably travel through the EBVM era, we must increasingly prioritise effective dissemination of evidence. This paper will use the VetCompass Programme at the Royal Veterinary College as a case study to explore a strategic dissemination plan and examine routes for effective dissemination.


id: ve01-147
title: ve01-147
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 150
sentence: 9
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-147.htm
txt: txt/ve01-147.txt
summary:
  Diagnostic Accuracy: The Wellspring of EBVM Success, and How We Can Improve It David Mills MA, VetMB, CertAVP(VC), MRCVS1* 1RSPCA, Putney Animal Hospital, 6 Clarendon Dr, London, SW15 1AA *Corresponding Author (dmills@rvc.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 3 (2017) This talk looks at how vets and vet nurses can maximise their impact on clinical performance.


id: ve01-23
title: ve01-23
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 36
sentence: 2
flesch: 73
cache: cache/ve01-23.htm
txt: txt/ve01-23.txt
summary:
  Finding The Evidence Clare Boulton RCVS Knowledge | Head of Library and Information Service Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016) Published: 22 Jan 2016 A slide-cast of Clare Boulton’s presentation from Skills Day 2015, London.


id: ve01-14
title: ve01-14
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3825
sentence: 204
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-14.htm
txt: txt/ve01-14.txt
summary:
  Omeprazole did significantly suppress gastric acid secretion compared to saline, whereas ranitidine did not (mean gastric pH on day 2 2.53 for ranitidine, vs 3.86 for omeprazole and day 6 2.05 versus 4.09). Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Omeprazole was effective in reducing gastric acid secretion when applied locally to the Heidenhain pouch, and also when given intra-venously.


id: ve01-204
title: ve01-204
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3777
sentence: 113
flesch: 38
cache: cache/ve01-204.htm
txt: txt/ve01-204.txt
summary:
  Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts 1973 to Week 28 2018 PubMed NCBI 1910 to Week 28 2018 Search strategy: CAB Abstracts equine or equines or horse or horses or equus or equid or equids or mare or mares or broodmare or broodmares or pony or ponies or filly or fillies or colt or colts or yearling or yearlings or stallion or stallions or thoroughbred or thoroughbreds or standardbred or standardbreds or racehorse or racehorses or race horse or race horses or exp horses/ or exp equus/ or exp equidae/ or exp mares/ or exp colts/ or exp foals/ or exp stallions/ or exp thoroughbred/ or exp racehorses/ arthritis or arthritic or arthritogenic or arthritical or osteoarthritis or osteoarthritic or osteo-arthritis or osteo-arthritic or synovitis or joint disease or joint diseases or OA or DJD or osteoarthrosis or osteo-arthrosis or lame or lameness or spavin or gait or exp osteoarthritis/ or exp arthritis/ or exp joint diseases/ tarsal or tarsals or tarsale or tarsometatarsal or tarsometatarsus or tarsometatarsals or tarso-metatarsal or tarso-metatarsals or carpus or carpuses or carpometacarpal or carpometacarpals or carpo-metacarpal or carpo-metacarpals or hock or hocks or carpal or carpals or exp tarsus/ or exp carpus/ bisphosphonate or bisphosphonates or biphosphonate or biphosphonates or bisphosponate or bisphosponates or biphosponate or biphosponates or disphosponate or disphosponates or diphosphonate or diphosphonates or diphosponate or diphosponates or disphosphonate or disphosphonates or osphosReg or tiludronate or tiludronic or tildren or tildrenReg or clodronate or clodronic NSAID or NSAIDs or non steroidal anti inflammatory or non steroidal anti inflammatories or non steroidal antiinflammatory or non steroidal antiinflammatories or nonsteroidal anti inflammatory or nonsteroidal anti inflammatories or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory or nonsteroidal antiinflammatories or phenylbutazone or phenylbutazones or PBZ or firocoxib or firocoxibs or FIRO or cox-2-selectives or cox-2-selective or exp antiinflammatory agents/ or exp non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents/ 1 and 2 and 3 and (4 or 5)   PubMed equine or equines or horse or horses or equus or equid or equids or mare or mares or broodmare or broodmares or pony or ponies or filly or fillies or colt or colts or yearling or yearlings or stallion or stallions or thoroughbred or thoroughbreds or standardbred or standardbreds or racehorse or raceshorses arthritis or arthritic or arthritogenic or arthritical or osteoarthritis or osteoarthritic or osteo-arthritis or osteo-arthritic or synovitis or joint disease or joint diseases or OA or DJD or osteoarthrosis or osteo-arthrosis or lame or lameness or spavin or gait tarsal or tarsals or tarsale or tarsometatarsal or tarsometatarsus or tarsometatarsals or tarso-metatarsal or tarso-metatarsals or carpus or carpuses or carpometacarpal or carpometacarpals or carpo-metacarpal or carpo-metacarpals or hock or hocks or carpal or carpals bisphosphonate or bisphosphonates or biphosphonate or biphosphonates or bisphosponate or bisphosponates or biphosponate or biphosponates or disphosponate or disphosponates or diphosphonate or diphosphonates or diphosponate or diphosponates or disphosphonate or disphosphonates or osphosReg or tiludronate or tiludronic or tildren or tildrenReg or clodronate or clodronic NSAID or NSAIDs or non steroidal anti inflammatory or non steroidal anti inflammatories or non steroidal antiinflammatory or non steroidal antiinflammatories or nonsteroidal anti inflammatory or nonsteroidal anti inflammatories or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory or nonsteroidal antiinflammatories or phenylbutazone or phenylbutazones or PBZ or firocoxib or firocoxibs or FIRO or cox-2-selectives or cox-2-selective 1 and 2 and 3 and (4 or 5) Dates searches performed: 25/7/2018 and 27/7/2018 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Articles not relevant to PICO question Carpal joints Next review date: 25 July 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I1.204 PICO question In lame horses affected by osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints (bone spavin), are bisphosphonates more effective than NSAIDs in long-term alleviation of lameness?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Two papers were critically reviewed.


id: ve01-168
title: ve01-168
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 364
sentence: 10
flesch: 32
cache: cache/ve01-168.htm
txt: txt/ve01-168.txt
summary:
  Erratum to: Does Adding Transdermal Nitroglycerine to Other Therapies Used for Management of Left-sided Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs Speed the Resolution of Clinical Signs? Jenefer R Stillion DVM, DACVECC1 Søren R Boysen DVM, DAVECC2* 1Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Canada 2Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada *Corresponding Author (srboysen@ucalgary.ca) Within the Exclusion/Inclusion Criteria table the inclusion section was changed from: Transdermal, OR cutaneous, OR ointment, AND dog OR dogs OR canine OR bitch* OR canis OR bitches AND heart OR cardiac OR CHF OR cardio* OR left ventricular OR left ventricle* OR LV OR heart diseases OR cardiovascular diseases AND glyceryl trinitrat* OR glyceryltrinitrat* OR trinity glycerin* OR nitro glycerin* OR nitroglycerin* To: Any relevant primary veterinary research or systematic review which compared transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies to answer the following question; “Does adding transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speed the resolution of clinical signs?”  This error was in both the HTML and PDF versions.


id: ve01-28
title: ve01-28
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4001
sentence: 157
flesch: 36
cache: cache/ve01-28.htm
txt: txt/ve01-28.txt
summary:
  Question Are old dogs undergoing total hip replacement more predisposed to perioperative femoral fracture in comparison to young dogs? The evidence By reviewing the veterinary literature relative to the general complications and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty, a variation in the prevalence of femoral fractures was noticed.


id: ve01-199
title: ve01-199
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4313
sentence: 194
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-199.htm
txt: txt/ve01-199.txt
summary:
  The closed response options were formulated using the results of a study that investigated horse owner decision making in horses suffering from abdominal pain (Scantlebury et al., 2014). It provides a useful snapshot of veterinary practitioners experiences and opinions, but there is currently no data from horse owners about the types of emergencies they experience.


id: ve01-18
title: ve01-18
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4947
sentence: 279
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-18.htm
txt: txt/ve01-18.txt
summary:
  The staircase better represents the fact that high evidence information is more likely to be true and that one should start to look for high evidence when searching information. The statement when searching information one should start to look for high evidence information was more often supported when referring to the staircase metaphor (p<0.01, df = 2).


id: ve01-132
title: ve01-132
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4675
sentence: 173
flesch: 38
cache: cache/ve01-132.htm
txt: txt/ve01-132.txt
summary:
  (60 barren and 55 lactating) Intervention details: Post-breeding mares were randomly assigned into 9 treatment groups. The studies further identify the need to recognise mares at risk of post-service endometritis to target appropriate therapy.


id: ve01-179
title: ve01-179
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4621
sentence: 289
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-179.htm
txt: txt/ve01-179.txt
summary:
  Minor complications in 12 dogs include forked plate displacement (6), tibial tuberosity fracture (4), screw failure (2) and cage displacement (1). Four stifle joints had tibial tuberosity fractures.


id: ve01-12
title: ve01-12
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5170
sentence: 292
flesch: 34
cache: cache/ve01-12.htm
txt: txt/ve01-12.txt
summary:
  Limitations: No clinical details or diagnostic information reported; therefore iatrogenic laminitis cases not confirmed. Two epidemiological studies of laminitis (Cripps & Eustace 1999; Slater et al 1995) did not include any clinical information pertaining to iatrogenic laminitis cases, and reported only that animals had received corticosteroids prior to the onset of laminitis, while the Center for Veterinary Medicine Cumulative Adverse Drug Event (ADE) Summaries Report (U.S. FDA) provided no details other than the type of corticosteroid administered prior to laminitis.


id: ve01-273
title: ve01-273
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5205
sentence: 190
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-273.htm
txt: txt/ve01-273.txt
summary:
  Conclusion: Given the low prevalence of positive quantitative urine cultures in dogs with an inactive urine sediment and current guideline recommendations for management of subclinical bacteriuria, we do not recommend urine cultures for dogs without lower urinary tract signs. The prevalence of positive urine cultures in 100 dogs with an inactive urine sediment Rachel Liebelt DVM, MRCVS1* Armi Pigott DVM, DACVECC2 1Vets Now Hospital Manchester, 98 Bury Old Rd, Whitefield, Manchester, M45 6TQ 2Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists, 2100 W. Silver Spring Drive, Glendale, WI 53209 *Corresponding Author (rlliebelt@gmail.com)


id: ve01-118
title: ve01-118
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5558
sentence: 226
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-118.htm
txt: txt/ve01-118.txt
summary:
  Rehabilitation commonly focuses on increasing circulation, enhancing forelimb and hind limb strength and increasing range of motion; for prosthetic patients it must also provide prevention of contractures or correction of existing contractures, improvement in coordination, reduction of edema to promote healing and, lastly, promote mobility using the device (Canapp et al., 2012; Canapp et al., 2014). Due to the anatomy of our small animal patients, the hind limb offers an advantage for prosthetic success with distal amputations, while the forelimb’s anatomy offers better success with proximal amputations (Canapp et al., 2012).


id: ve01-183
title: ve01-183
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5677
sentence: 140
flesch: 36
cache: cache/ve01-183.htm
txt: txt/ve01-183.txt
summary:
  The parasitological cure rate for sarolaner was non-inferior to moxidectin/imidacloprid on day 60 but not day 30 (based on a present non-inferiority margin of 15%) There was no significant difference between cure rates for treatment groups on days 30 or 60 100% of dogs receiving sarolaner that completed the study (53/53) achieved parasitological cure 9% of the moxidectin/imidacloprid dogs that completed the study (24/27) achieved parasitological cure, one dog was withdrawn due to lack of efficacy at day 146 The percentage reduction in mean mite counts for sarolaner was non-inferior to moxidectin/imidacloprid at days 30 and 60 At day 90 (when approximately 80% of each group was still analysed) Objective – percentage live mite reduction Arithmetic means for each group pre- and post-treatment Repeated measures analysis of covariance (RMAN-COVA) was used to compare mite counts using SAS Institute analytical software version 9.3 Significance level was set at 5% Subjective – clinical signs Mild, moderate or severe Based on crusts, casts, scales and erythematous papules as percentage of group affected Areas of hair loss scored 1 (0-50%), 2 (>50-90%) and 3 (>90%) Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): No treatment related adverse events were noted Fluralaner was significantly more effective than moxidectin/imidacloprid at eliminating live mites from dogs with generalised demodicosis (P<0.01) 0/8 dogs in group 1 had any live mites at day 84 1/8 dogs in group 2 was mite free at day 56 and 2/8 at day 84 2/8 dogs in group 2 showed an increase in live mite counts after treatment and this impacted significantly on efficacy calculations (based on mean mite counts for the group) Limitations: Group 2 dogs received two different treatment regimes (weekly and four weekly application) but results were not analysed separately All dogs were given 10 weeks of cefovecin regardless of the presence or absence of pyoderma, the authors note that diagnosis and treatment of pyoderma was not part of the treatment evaluation Dogs were between 6 and 12 months of age indicating juvenile generalised demodicosis rather than adult onset which has the potential for self-resolution of signs, this may have affected results The age, sex and breed of dogs in each group is not recorded Dogs were ranked by mite count before being randomly allocated to treatment groups but the reason for ranking before randomisation is not clear Dogs were kept under laboratory conditions which may not be representative of a clinical scenario Ideally antibiotics should have been used based on skin cytology and presence of pyoderma, presumably blanket treatment was chosen to avoid variance A sample size of 16 is small and there is no justification for this or calculation of the power of the study.


id: ve01-163
title: ve01-163
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6057
sentence: 254
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-163.htm
txt: txt/ve01-163.txt
summary:
  Study design: Non-randomised controlled trial (before/after design) Outcome Studied: Worm eggs per gram of faeces, split down by species/class. (2015) Population: Stray domestic shorthair female cats (weighing circa 3 kg), captured from the streets of Tehran and naturally infected with Toxocara cati roundworms (based on faecal egg counts).


id: ve01-157
title: ve01-157
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2374
sentence: 90
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-157.htm
txt: txt/ve01-157.txt
summary:
  AND ((site or skin) AND (technique or techniques or method or methods or preparation))) Swales (2017) Failure to achieve asepsis following surgical skin preparation is influenced by bacterial resistance to Chlorhexidine, but not skin preparation technique Population: Client owned dogs admitted to a university teaching hospital for abdominal surgery.


id: ve01-139
title: ve01-139
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2505
sentence: 115
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-139.htm
txt: txt/ve01-139.txt
summary:
  The beneficial effects actions of beclomethasone did not extend beyond the treatment period for clinical score outcome but did for pulmonary function. Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts 1973- week 29 2017 Pubmed 1900- week 29 2017 Search terms: Equine or horse and recurrent airway obstruction or RAO or equine asthma and corticosteroids or corticoids Dates searches performed: 19/07/2017 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria No limitations regarding study design, setting, sample size or study population were imposed.


id: ve01-110
title: ve01-110
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 274
sentence: 13
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-110.htm
txt: txt/ve01-110.txt
summary:
  It is a rapidly expanding network of veterinary practices, with whom we are working to establish methods for running prospective, pragmatic, practical clinical trials in veterinary practice. Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 26 Apr 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.110 Including current published evidence is vital as part of evidence-based decision making in veterinary practice.


id: ve01-171
title: ve01-171
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2521
sentence: 145
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-171.htm
txt: txt/ve01-171.txt
summary:
  Male cats diagnosed with urethral obstruction admitted to the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, between December 2000 and November 2002. Cooper, E.S. et al (2010) Population: Male cats brought to The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for treatment of naturally occurring urethral obstruction between June 2007 and June 2008, and in which the owners had declined conventional treatment (catheterisation and intensive care).


id: ve01-152
title: ve01-152
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7333
sentence: 288
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-152.htm
txt: txt/ve01-152.txt
summary:
  However, with a cautionary note that the Thunderstorm Anxiety Score is an un-validated method for quantifying thunderstorm anxiety severity, this study does provide some limited evidence of a beneficial effect of pressure vests on dog anxiety during thunderstorms.  The vest was then left on (Vest dogs) or removed (No Vest dogs) for the OFT.


id: ve01-150
title: ve01-150
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 136
sentence: 8
flesch: 21
cache: cache/ve01-150.htm
txt: txt/ve01-150.txt
summary:
  The objective of this study was to establish if the prophylactic use of gastroprotectants was associated with a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal signs in dogs receiving immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids, compared to not receiving prophylactic gastroprotectants. Investigating the Use of Gastroprotectants as a Means of Preventing Iatrogenic Gastrointestinal Signs Associated With Immunosuppressive Corticosteroid Therapy.


id: ve01-114
title: ve01-114
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3364
sentence: 167
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-114.htm
txt: txt/ve01-114.txt
summary:
  Of the 189 vets that had completed the free comments area of the follow up questionnaire, 33 vets commented that antivenom gave a good clinical response, 18 vets commented that antivenom response time was quick, 11 vets commented that antivenom visibly improved oedema and one vet commented that improvement was faster than without antivenom. Multiple observers throughout the study and no standardised method for assessment of mental status or local swelling were reported, leading to lack of objectivity in improvements seen with antivenom use.


id: ve01-109
title: ve01-109
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 809
sentence: 44
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-109.htm
txt: txt/ve01-109.txt
summary:
  Newton, J. R., Verheyen, K., Talbot, N. C., Timoney, J. F., Wood, J. L. N., Lakhani, K. H. and Chanter, N. (2000), Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and culture of Streptococcus equi. http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516400777584721 Verheyen, K., Newton, J. R., Talbot, N. C., Brauwere, M. N. D. and Chanter, N. (2000), Elimination of guttural pouch infection and inflammation in asymptomatic carriers of Streptococcus equi.


id: ve01-221
title: ve01-221
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2917
sentence: 80
flesch: 35
cache: cache/ve01-221.htm
txt: txt/ve01-221.txt
summary:
  Three studies were located which investigated steroid treatment protocols and follow-up however these all had a small population size. Clinical bottom line Based on the currently available literature, steroid treatment using the protocol outlined in Lowrie et al. (2009) at a gradually tapering dose over a course of 6 months, appeared to lead to clinical remission in all cases, with a disease free post treatment interval of at least 6 months.


id: ve01-160
title: ve01-160
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1897
sentence: 90
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-160.htm
txt: txt/ve01-160.txt
summary:
  Next Review date: 19 Oct 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I4.160 PICO question In cats undergoing orchiectomy, does the use of intratesticular lidocaine reduce the pain in patients compared to not using intratesticular lidocaine? Clinical bottom line With a low grade of evidence, when compared to a pre-medication with pure-µ agonist opioids, intratesticular lidocaine does not appear to provide significant benefit. 


id: ve01-248
title: ve01-248
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8099
sentence: 302
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-248.htm
txt: txt/ve01-248.txt
summary:
  Relationships between age at first calving and first lactation milk yield, and lifetime productivity and longevity in dairy cows. DIM Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): An optimal ADWG of 0.830 kg/day is associated with the best first lactation yields First lactation yield is improved by 2.5 and 2.1 kg/day respectively at AFC of 25 and 26 months compared with 23 or less or greater than 26 months Limitations: Many animals were excluded from the original dataset (started with 3,110).


id: ve01-121
title: ve01-121
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 112
sentence: 4
flesch: 29
cache: cache/ve01-121.htm
txt: txt/ve01-121.txt
summary:
  Integrating Veterinary Subject Expertise With Information Literacy Expertise to Teach and Assess the Student Skills in Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine Heather Moberly (MSLS, AHIP, AFHEA)1* 1Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St, College Station, TX 77843, USA *Corresponding Author (hmoberly@library.tamu.edu) Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 24 May 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.121 In this talk Heather will discuss how they successfully integrate asking a clinical question, searching the literature, appraising the literature, and applying evidence to the clinical question to make a clinical recommendation in a pre-clinical, 2nd year, course (pharmacology) and two 4th year clinical rotations (Small Animal Dermatology and Food Animal).


id: ve01-234
title: ve01-234
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4890
sentence: 205
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-234.htm
txt: txt/ve01-234.txt
summary:
  The propagation of induced tendon lesions in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: an ex vivo study. Although there is no evidence in equids regarding the optimal immobilisation time during the rest period, ten day cast immobilisation is in accordance with the human literature that recommends casting only during the acute phase of tendon injuries for about 5–7 days (Buckwalter, 1995).


id: ve01-105
title: ve01-105
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2642
sentence: 91
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-105.htm
txt: txt/ve01-105.txt
summary:
  Famciclovir treated cats also had an increased goblet cell density Histological conjunctivitis score rate was increased significantly in famciclovir, versus placebo Famciclovir cats had a significant increase in body weight versus placebo FHV-1 DNA was shed less frequently in famciclovir treated cats (90% in treated versus 98% in placebo) and FHV-1 DNA was detected significantly less in treated cats, than placebo cats Limitations: Only 16 cats in the study, resulting in lower study power Food intake was not measured when assessing changes in body weight, presumptively assuming that weight change was due to clinical disease of FHV-1 Thomasy (2016) There was confounding variables in some of the studies that may have impacted on clinical improvements attributed to famciclovir treatment. 


id: ve01-17
title: ve01-17
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1231
sentence: 58
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-17.htm
txt: txt/ve01-17.txt
summary:
  Analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of robenacoxib in acute joint inflammation in dog. Whilst only a single relevant paper was available for review, the study did directly compare the two drugs under identical conditions allowing a good assessment of clinical efficacy to be made between them.


id: ve01-151
title: ve01-151
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 121
sentence: 5
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-151.htm
txt: txt/ve01-151.txt
summary:
  In other words, a perfect test may still be useless if it does not change clinical decisionsand outcomes for patients. Vol 2, Issue 4 (2017) Published: 04 Oct 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V%25VI%25I.151 While textbooks on evidence-based medicine still mainly focus on accuracy studies as most appropriate level of evidence for diagnostic questions, the guideline developers have moved forward to patient important outcomes.


id: ve01-16
title: ve01-16
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2721
sentence: 175
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-16.htm
txt: txt/ve01-16.txt
summary:
  Study design: Case control study Outcome Studied: Limitations: Retrospective case study; no control groups.


id: ve01-291
title: ve01-291
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2789
sentence: 104
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-291.htm
txt: txt/ve01-291.txt
summary:
  Epidural buprenorphine at 4 µg kg -1 appears to provide equivalent postoperative analgesia to epidural morphine at 0.1 mg kg-1. ‘A comparison of epidural buprenorphine with epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia following stifle surgery in dogs’, Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 28(2), pp. 87–96.


id: ve01-128
title: ve01-128
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6599
sentence: 312
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-128.htm
txt: txt/ve01-128.txt
summary:
  Open reduction cases (six): in 5/6 (83%) cases, lameness was mild and intermittent, usually apparent after vigorous exercise, degree of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis was variable (no further information provided); 1/6 (17%) had extensive soft tissue damage at the time of treatment, and showed evidence of severe degenerative joint disease and required regular analgesia at follow-up (53 months following treatment). Outcome was considered fair in 2/2 (100%) of open reduction cases.


id: ve01-177
title: ve01-177
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5148
sentence: 179
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-177.htm
txt: txt/ve01-177.txt
summary:
  The influence of presence or absence of a mirror on: Growth performance including average daily and weekly bodyweight gains Behaviour changes including; activities, performance, feeding preferences, comfort and other notable behaviours ex. scrabbling at the mirror Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Growth performance T1 rabbits (without mirror) weighed 459 g and 844.2 g on average in the first and sixth week respectively Mean weight for rabbits in T1 over the 6 week trial period was 638.07 g (P<0.05) T2 rabbits (with mirror) weighed 436 g and 1017 g on average in the first and sixth week respectively Mean weight for rabbits in T2 over the 6 week trial period was 729.87 g (P<0.05) Rabbits individually housed with a mirror in their cage had higher average weight gains throughout the trial period These rabbits will not be discussed in this knowledge summary as this is not relevant to the PICO Mirrors were attached to the walls of Section 2 and did not run parallel to each other to avoid multiple reflections Further experimental detail Cage floors were covered in newspaper and straw Rabbits had access to ad libitum hay and water provided in drinking bottles Rabbits were offered a daily carrot at 0900h Fresh hay and 30 g concentrate were offered at 1600h Cages were weather proofed with roofing felt Cages were outside but positioned facing a building for shelter ensuring rain could not enter Methodology Initial observations were done 1h after rabbits were placed in their test environment on day 1 at 1500h On day 7, rabbits were observed from 0800h to 1430h


id: ve01-124
title: ve01-124
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3696
sentence: 190
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-124.htm
txt: txt/ve01-124.txt
summary:
  Appraisal, application and reflection Equine laminitis is a highly debilitating, multifactorial disease of the foot that affects Equidae worldwide (Herthel and Hood, 1999, Hood, 1999a, Wylie et al., 2011).   Equine Laminitis Caused by Distal Displacement of the Distal Phalanx: 12 Cases (1976-1985).


id: ve01-122
title: ve01-122
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 104
sentence: 4
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-122.htm
txt: txt/ve01-122.txt
summary:
  Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 07 Jun 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.122 In this talk Ian will discuss how the Association for Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery (AVSTS), an affiliate group with the British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA), created a role for itself in facilitating the production (by its members) of multi-centre clinical research of relevance to its members to further EBVM. Find out more about Ian. The ARC Experience Ian Nicholson BVSc, Cert, SAS, DipECVS, MRCVS1* 1Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Unit 6, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3JW *Corresponding Author (inicholsonvet@gmail.com)


id: ve01-135
title: ve01-135
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2815
sentence: 111
flesch: 34
cache: cache/ve01-135.htm
txt: txt/ve01-135.txt
summary:
  When examining the method of peritoneal lavage chosen there is a single experimental, randomised control trial comparing the use of sterile saline, saline containing potassium penicillin and neomycin, 3% or 10% povidone iodine solution for abdominal lavage in horses. No definitive diagnosis of uterine tear in 7/11 surviving medically treated cases No details of peritoneal lavage treatment or antibiotics used


id: ve01-24
title: ve01-24
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 78
sentence: 6
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-24.htm
txt: txt/ve01-24.txt
summary:
  Jan 2016 Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS, from around 1864. Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS Managing Editor Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016)


id: ve01-130
title: ve01-130
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3878
sentence: 162
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-130.htm
txt: txt/ve01-130.txt
summary:
  Case cats: 408/1,230 cats (diet information was available from 408 cases) Furthermore, the proportion of cat owners amongst the general cat-owning population who change diets or feed a mixture of wet and dry food is unknown.


id: ve01-19
title: ve01-19
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3617
sentence: 190
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-19.htm
txt: txt/ve01-19.txt
summary:
  The EEG/fMRI technique is used to map haemodynamic epileptogenic-related networks in the brain, and, as a result it provides further valuable data for IZ localization (van Graan et al., 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.11.2022 Gotman, J., et al. (2006)


id: ve01-164
title: ve01-164
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3327
sentence: 173
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-164.htm
txt: txt/ve01-164.txt
summary:
  Other authors solely assessed tenoscopic debridement alone, or may have included a very limited number (n=2) of surgical repair cases that were unresponsive to previous tenoscopic surgery. Next Review date: 30 May 2019 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I2.164 PICO question In horses with longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon within the digital flexor tendon sheath, is surgical repair as effective as tenoscopic debridement alone for returning to previous level of performance?


id: ve01-194
title: ve01-194
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4066
sentence: 193
flesch: 38
cache: cache/ve01-194.htm
txt: txt/ve01-194.txt
summary:
  Outcome Studied: Prevalence of iatrogenic synovial sepsis following intra-synovial injections. Does intra-articular injection of antimicrobials alongside corticosteroids or other medications reduce the risk of synovial sepsis? a Knowledge Summary by Helen Braid BSc (Hons) BVetMed CertAVP FHEA MRCVS 1* 1University of Liverpool, Institute of Veterinary Science, Liverpool, L69 3GH *Corresponding Author (H.Braid@liverpool.ac.uk)


id: ve01-161
title: ve01-161
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 774
sentence: 32
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-161.htm
txt: txt/ve01-161.txt
summary:
  However, as realist synthesis warrants a book in its own right, and is possibly not appropriate for master’s level research, this gap is forgivable and does not diminish the contribution that Doing a Systematic Review makes to student systematic review research and learning. To conclude, Doing a Systematic Review is the book of choice for all students and early career researchers who are considering or undertaking systematic review research, and makes a valuable teaching resource for all academic staff in areas of evidence-based practice.


id: ve01-115
title: ve01-115
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2113
sentence: 87
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-115.htm
txt: txt/ve01-115.txt
summary:
  Question Does adding transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speed the resolution of clinical signs? Clinical scenario Transdermal nitroglycerin is frequently recommended as an adjunct therapy in many canine treatment protocols for left-sided congestive heart failure due to its preload and afterload reducing effects. Does adding transdermal nitroglycerin to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speed the resolution of clinical signs?


id: ve01-288
title: ve01-288
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4019
sentence: 147
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ve01-288.htm
txt: txt/ve01-288.txt
summary:
  Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. Intervention details: Random allocation into treatment groups Each dog was randomly assigned to either a meloxicam, carprofen or ketoprofen treatment group Meloxicam treatment group = 10 subjects (n=10) Carprofen treatment group = 10 subjects (n=10) Ketoprofen treatment group = 10 subjects (n=10)   Administration of treatment Owners were instructed to provide treatment once a day (SID) in the morning after breakfast for 21 days   Dosage of treatment Meloxicam at 0.3 mg/kg per body weight Carprofen at 2.5 mg/kg per body weight Ketoprofen at 2 mg/kg per body weight   Collection of faeces on days 1 and days 21 Faeces were collected for haemoccult tests Study design: Clinical, randomised, blind study Outcome Studied:


id: ve01-153
title: ve01-153
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3069
sentence: 169
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-153.htm
txt: txt/ve01-153.txt
summary:
  The evidence The research question effectively contains sub-questions addressing four topics: (1) preventive effects of raw treats vs. non-raw treats, (2) curative effects of raw treats vs. non-raw treats, (3) preventive effects of raw treats vs. no treats, and (4) curative effects of raw treats vs. no treats. Clinical bottom line Considering the weak evidence on raw bones and lack of evidence on other types of raw treats, veterinarians and veterinary nurses should be cautious when recommending raw treats to support periodontal health in dogs.


id: ve01-226
title: ve01-226
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2097
sentence: 90
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-226.htm
txt: txt/ve01-226.txt
summary:
  Clinical bottom line There is currently insufficient evidence to reliably determine whether levetiracetam or imepitoin should be used in preference as a second line treatment for the management of cats with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. There is weak evidence however to suggest clinical efficacy of levetiracetam and imepitoin in management of cats with idiopathic epilepsy.


id: ve01-102
title: ve01-102
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6733
sentence: 272
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-102.htm
txt: txt/ve01-102.txt
summary:
  The survey, comprised of 23 questions, aimed through a range of questions to: Define EBVM and get an insight into EBVM looks like in practice Outline the non-clinical benefits of EBVM including: improving relationships with clients, achieving a sense of pride in one’s work and employee engagement Outline the main barriers to wider implementation of EBVM: time and access Suggest ways of overcoming those barriers including more training opportunities and access to journal clubs. Most veterinary professionals either agree or strongly agree (83.4%) with the following statement: “EBVM gives me more confidence in clinical decision making”.[4] Most respondents agree (48.3%) or strongly agree (31.9%) with the statement: “I frequently share research and clinical experience with colleagues”.[5] Most respondents agree (43.5%) or strongly agree (25.8%) with the statement: “Practising EBVM provides me with an inspiring, intellectual challenge to my job as a vet”.


id: ve01-111
title: ve01-111
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4167
sentence: 231
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-111.htm
txt: txt/ve01-111.txt
summary:
  The overall clinical improvement rate was 86.8% (herd range 61.5% - 100.0%) for IE treatment and 47.9% (herd range 17.7% - 85.2%) for the CTC spray. Other risk factors are floor type, access to pasture and hoof trimming interval (Holzhauer et al., 2006; Somers et al., 2005a; Somers et al., 2005b).


id: ve01-297
title: ve01-297
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2442
sentence: 106
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-297.htm
txt: txt/ve01-297.txt
summary:
  Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts on the OVID interface 1973 to Week 21 2019 PubMed accessed via the NCBI Website 1910 to May 2019 Search strategy: CAB Abstracts: dog or dogs or canine or canines or bitch or bitches or exp dogs/ or exp canis/ oe exp bitches/ cranial and cruciate tibial tuberosity advancement or TTA lateral or fabellar or fabellotibial or tibiofabellar or extracapsular or extra-capsular or LFS or de Angelis or ‘modified retinacular imbrication’ or MRIT 1 and 2 and 3 and 4   PubMed: dog or dogs or canine or canines or bitch or bitches cranial and cruciate tibial tuberosity advancement or TTA lateral OR fabellar OR fabellotibial OR tibiofabellar OR extracapsular OR extra-capsular OR LFS OR de Angelis OR ‘modified retinacular imbrication’ OR MRIT 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 Dates searches performed: 04/06/2019 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Only one technique included Wrong techniques Book chapters Expert opinions Reviews Articles not available in English Irrelevant to the PICO question Inclusion: Prospective and retrospective studies Compare outcomes for both TTA and LFS techniques in dogs weighing less than 15 kg Objective assessment of long term outcomes At least 6 months postoperative follow-up period Search Outcome Database Number of results Excluded – Article not in English Excluded – Reviews Excluded – Expert opinions Excluded – Not relevant to PICO question Total relevant papers CAB Abstracts 30 3 2 2 23 0 PubMed 20 0 1 1 18 0 Total relevant papers when duplicates removed 0 Conflict of Interest Next review date: 04 Jun 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I2.297 PICO question In dogs weighing under 15 kg with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease, does tibial tuberosity advancement lead to better long-term functional outcomes than lateral fabellar suture?  


id: ve01-142
title: ve01-142
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5224
sentence: 243
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-142.htm
txt: txt/ve01-142.txt
summary:
  Dogs starting CA treatment earlier did not have longer survival times compared to those started at 60 days after prednisolone therapy. Study design: Randomised control trial (double blinded) Outcome Studied: Comparing COP lymphoma protocol to prednisolone with CA treatment for MUO   Objective: Survival analysis; Kaplin-Meier Analysis.


id: ve01-185
title: ve01-185
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4561
sentence: 208
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-185.htm
txt: txt/ve01-185.txt
summary:
  Two patients with coxofemoral reluxation at previous radiographic assessment were excluded from this follow up. Small sample sizes, and variations in the length of follow up, inclusion and exclusion criteria and surgical technique significantly challenges any conclusions that may be drawn.


id: ve01-131
title: ve01-131
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 57
sentence: 4
flesch: 60
cache: cache/ve01-131.htm
txt: txt/ve01-131.txt
summary:
  Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 30 Jun 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.131 In this talk, from the Veterinary Evidence Today conference 2016, Mike Clarke gives an introduction to systematic reviews. View Presentation Slides Comments:


id: ve01-182
title: ve01-182
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2271
sentence: 120
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-182.htm
txt: txt/ve01-182.txt
summary:
  Intervention details: Two groups of dogs: Morgan pocket technique (Morgan et al., 1993) (6 eyes) and Kaswan anchoring technique (Kaswan & Martin, 1985) (1 eye). Follow up period: 6–12 months. Intervention details: Three groups of dogs: removal of gland (8 eyes of five dogs), Kaswan anchoring technique (Kaswan & Martin, 1985) (4 eyes of three dogs) or modified Morgan pocket technique (Morgan et al., 1993) (4 eyes of three dogs).


id: ve01-136
title: ve01-136
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 366
sentence: 15
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-136.htm
txt: txt/ve01-136.txt
summary:
  This review highlights the variety of different medications that can be used in the treatment of Malassezia otitis externa and the need for a greater number of robust clinical trials. The aim of this paper was to assess current knowledge and approaches to the treatment of M. pachydermatis when found to be present in cases of canine otitis externa.


id: ve01-205
title: ve01-205
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7150
sentence: 276
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-205.htm
txt: txt/ve01-205.txt
summary:
  The results provide evidential support for category of high SCC to be used ahead of magnitude of SCC when advising farmers about prioritising high SCC cases for investigation and possible treatment, drying-off or culling. Published: 11 Dec 2019 Reviewed by: Chris Watson (MA, VetMB, MRCVS) and John Fishwick (MA, VetMB, DCHP, DipECBHM, MRCVS) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V4I4.205 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | FOOTNOTES | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES ABSTRACT Objective: The particular interest of this study was to identify the relative impacts of magnitude and category of high SCC on ‘recovery’, once other factors were taken into account.


id: ve01-174
title: ve01-174
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5286
sentence: 245
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-174.htm
txt: txt/ve01-174.txt
summary:
  Given the marked effects of hypoglycemia in paediatric patients, assessment of blood glucose level should form part of the minimum database collected for emergency paediatric patients.  Paediatric patients represented around 3% of the emergency cases identified in the database.


id: ve01-125
title: ve01-125
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1962
sentence: 73
flesch: 33
cache: cache/ve01-125.htm
txt: txt/ve01-125.txt
summary:
  Intervention details: Non-randomised treatment groups, owners of all cats instructed to topically apply 2% mupirocin ointment to chin lesions twice a day for 3 weeks Study design: Prospective open-label trial Outcome Studied: Percentage of lesions resolved following topical treatment with 2% mupirocin and subjective scoring of the change of severity of lesions remaining Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Response to treatment was graded from excellent (90-100% resolution of clinical signs), good (50-90% resolution of clinical signs) and fair (<50% but some resolution noted) No randomised case-control studies or experimental studies comparing topical to systemic antimicrobial treatment were found.


id: ve01-315
title: ve01-315
extension: .htm
mime: text/plain
words: 995
sentence: 30
flesch: 60
cache: cache/ve01-315.htm
txt: txt/ve01-315.txt
summary:
  AUTHORS --> <!-- author 1 --><strong>Peter Cockcroft </strong>MA VetMB MSc DCHP DVM&amp;S DipECBHM MBA MRCVS<sup>1*</sup><br /> <!-- AFFILIATIONS --> <p><span style=font-size: 12px;> <sup>1</sup>University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL<br> <sup>*</sup> John Carr</p> <p>William Chandler</p> <p>Wye Chong</p> <p>Peter Clegg</p> <p>Peter Cockcroft</p> <p>Jacqueline Cole</p> <p>Polly Compston</p> <p>Elena Contrera</p> <p>Matthieu Cousty</p> <p>Gwendoline Covey-Crump</p> <p>James Patrick Crilly</p> <p>


id: ve01-129
title: ve01-129
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2473
sentence: 127
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-129.htm
txt: txt/ve01-129.txt
summary:
  (2001) Complications of enteroplication for the prevention of intussusception recurrence in dogs: 35 cases (1989-1999). 660–664. Oakes, M.G. et al. (1994) Enteroplication for the prevention of intussusception recurrence in dogs: 31 cases (1978-1992).


id: ve01-244
title: ve01-244
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 9857
sentence: 443
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-244.htm
txt: txt/ve01-244.txt
summary:
  Overall, farms 1 and 4 experienced the highest levels of trial lamb mortality (5.2%). A higher proportion of mortalities occurred in unvaccinated or partially vaccinated lambs (n=23; 76.7%), as compared to trial lambs that had received a primary vaccine course (n=7; 13.3%).


id: ve01-240
title: ve01-240
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8070
sentence: 416
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-240.htm
txt: txt/ve01-240.txt
summary:
  Background: The horse-human relationship has a significant impact on how horse owners care for and make decisions for their horse. Exploration into the relationships that horse owners have with their horses, and the influence this may have on their decisions was identified as an area with little published literature.  


id: ve01-300
title: ve01-300
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4141
sentence: 211
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-300.htm
txt: txt/ve01-300.txt
summary:
  Dogs receiving torasemide had a significantly increased plasma aldosterone concentration compared to both the placebo and furosemide treatments in both the control and MR groups. In dogs with congestive heart failure, is torasemide superior to furosemide as a first line diuretic treatment? a Knowledge Summary by Leo Packham BVetMed PGDip(VCP) MRCVS 1* 1University of Bristol, Langford Vets, Langford, Somerset, BS40 5DU *Corresponding Author (lafpackham@outlook.com)


id: ve01-155
title: ve01-155
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1778
sentence: 82
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-155.htm
txt: txt/ve01-155.txt
summary:
  Additionally, there is still little evidence-based scientific research and a lack of feeding trials which supports the hypothesis that raw diets are a healthier or more nutritionally balanced than other diets (Michel, 2006; van Veggel & Armstrong, 2017). 441–442. Lefebvre, S. L., Reid-Smith, R., Boerlin, P. and Weese, J. S. (2008) ‘Evaluation of the risks of shedding Salmonellae and other potential pathogens by therapy dogs fed raw diets in Ontario and Alberta.’


id: ve01-306
title: ve01-306
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4231
sentence: 262
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-306.htm
txt: txt/ve01-306.txt
summary:
  Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Major cross-match incompatibilities in 23/154 (14.9%) transfusion naïve cats and 15/55 (27%) previously transfused cats. The number of transfusion naïve cats was not reported.


id: ve01-196
title: ve01-196
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2781
sentence: 83
flesch: 31
cache: cache/ve01-196.htm
txt: txt/ve01-196.txt
summary:
  Next review date: 01 May 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V4I3.196 PICO question In three day event horses, does biannual routine influenza vaccination compared to annual routine influenza vaccination reduce performance levels? Clinical bottom line There is no evidence that biannual equine influenza vaccination compared to annual booster vaccination in three day event horses is associated with reduced performance. Conclusions: There is no evidence that biannual equine influenza vaccination compared to annual booster vaccination is associated with reduced performance in three day event horses.


id: ve01-292
title: ve01-292
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4491
sentence: 174
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-292.htm
txt: txt/ve01-292.txt
summary:
  Specifically: dog 1: phenobarbital, pentobarbital dog 2: diazepam, acepromazine, atropine, phenobarbital, pentobarbital dog 3: lidocaine, diazepam, propofol, pentobarbital For dog 2, diazepam was administered initially 0.5–1.0 mg/kg IM and then IV, whilst for dog 3 only IV Study design: Retrospective, single centre, case series Outcome Studied: Describe intoxication aetiology for dogs with status epilepticus Describe clinical presentation Different management protocols 597/772 dogs were symptomatic Only 528/597 dogs developed increased muscular activity, such as tremor, twitching, muscle spasms or fasciculation, epileptic seizures or opisthotonos 290/597 dogs were presented with convulsions and 136/597 with tremors, whilst the rest had a variety of other neurological or extraneural signs There is no information whether the dogs were amenable or not to administration of oral medications upon presentation Treatment, on either symptomatic or asymptomatic intoxicated dogs was achieved with one, or more than one, of the medications below: benzodiazepines (392/772) barbiturates (227/772) propofol (90/772) acepromazine (70/772) isoflurane (4/772) methocarbamol (2/772) ketamine (1/772


id: ve01-178
title: ve01-178
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4846
sentence: 166
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ve01-178.htm
txt: txt/ve01-178.txt
summary:
  Part 4: progression in mental and physical status and clinical signs 24 hours after admission and 1-2 weeks following admission (where available) BLOOD AND URINALYSIS: blood and urine samples collected at admission and 1-2 weeks following treatment (where possible) serum globulin and albumin urine protein Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Non-self-limiting facial swelling secondary to antivenom administration responded to corticosteroid therapy in one dog Two dogs developed adverse reactions to antivenom despite prior glucocorticoid treatment It was uncertain whether glucocorticoids prevented the development of adverse reactions in the remaining 20 dogs who received both glucocorticoids and antivenom Limitations: Many observers and non-standardised treatment protocols resulted in a number of confounders A control group is used only for blood and urinalysis and is not adequately described Proportions of patients from referral versus first opinion practice are not documented, leading to a potential bias in severity of clinical symptoms and timing of treatments The intervention is not standardised: need for antivenom treatment was made subjectively by a number of different veterinary surgeons. Lervik et al. (2010) also compared glucocorticoidtreated dogs to non-glucocorticoid treated dogs.


id: ve01-235
title: ve01-235
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6705
sentence: 218
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-235.htm
txt: txt/ve01-235.txt
summary:
  Population: Horses in the Southern US with hindlimb lameness or poor performance Sex: 12 non-pregnant mares, 28 geldings, one stallion Breed: 10 warmbloods, 21 Quarter Horses or Paints, nine Thoroughbreds, one Arabian Mean Age: 12.4 (+/- 6.5) in treatment group; 10.7 +/- 6.0 in placebo group Use: dressage (8), eventing (7), jumping (5), western performance (11), pleasure or trail riding (3) and western show (7). 2 months after enrollment 70% (14/20) of riders reported that the horse’s performance was better in the IA triamcinolone only group compared to baseline 4 months after enrollment 50% (10/20) of horses improved in the IA triamcinolone only group compared to baseline 4 months after treatment, 35% of horses had returned to full work in placebo group 2 (vs 38% of horses in treatment group 1; not significant) Limitations: Many key performance indicators in the rider questionnaire were not significantly different between groups.


id: ve01-166
title: ve01-166
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3560
sentence: 200
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-166.htm
txt: txt/ve01-166.txt
summary:
  A similar interference with neurotransmission within the cerebellum is thought to be the reason behind the characteristic tremor in dogs (Eriksen et al., 2010);however, it is generallybelieved that the mechanism of action differs for each toxin involved in the exposure. In recent years, reports of the use of ILE in veterinary medicine has increased (Fernandez et al., 2011; Epstein et al., 2013; Bates et al., 2013) and is advocated by the VPIS and the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) for toxicoses associated with fatsoluble agents.


id: ve01-309
title: ve01-309
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5585
sentence: 189
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-309.htm
txt: txt/ve01-309.txt
summary:
  When mares are diagnosed with placentitis antibiotics may be prescribed either for the remaining length of pregnancy or in a pulsatile manner (LeBlanc, 2010; Christensen et al., 2010; Curcio et al., 2017; Bailey et al., 2010; and Ryan et al., 2008). 5/6 studies included altrenogest (Macpherson et al., 2013; Christensen et al., 2010; Curcio et al., 2017; Bailey et al., 2010; and Ryan et al., 2008), single studies evaluated flunixin (Murchie et al., 2006), acetylcystine (Christensen et al., 2010), and estradiol cypionate (Curcio et al., 2017).


id: ve01-255
title: ve01-255
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4294
sentence: 129
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-255.htm
txt: txt/ve01-255.txt
summary:
  Retrospective case series Outcome Studied: Successful outcome: sound horse able to be used at a level of performance that equaled or exceeded the level achieved before surgery foot cast versus foot bandage synovial involvement versus no synovial involvement Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Wound treatment: N= 30 – primary closure (polydioxanone or polypropylene sizes 1 or 2) N=70 – second intention healing Immobilisation: N= 52 foot cast (duration: 2.8 ± 1 weeks) and N= 76 foot bandage (duration: 3.2 ± 2.2 weeks) N= 24 – cast only duration: 3.1 ± 0.9 weeks N= 28 – cast followed by bandage duration cast + bandage: 5.1 ± 2.1 weeks N=48 – bandage only duration: 4.1 ± 1.3 weeks Duration of cast immobilisation alone significantly shorter than bandaging alone. As this is an opinion piece rather than an original study, no compelling evidence in favour of using foot casts over bandaging was found for these cases.


id: ve01-158
title: ve01-158
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 9356
sentence: 449
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-158.htm
txt: txt/ve01-158.txt
summary:
  Cases of oral cheek tooth extraction in older horses with short reserve crowns or advanced periodontal disease were excluded. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00724.x Vlaminck, L. et al (2008) Radiographic evaluation of tooth drift after cheek tooth extraction and insertion of an intra-alveolar prosthesis in ponies, The Veterinary Journal, Feb; 175(2), pp.


id: ve01-202
title: ve01-202
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3928
sentence: 198
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-202.htm
txt: txt/ve01-202.txt
summary:
  Next review date: 12 May 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V4I3.202 PICO question In dogs with chronic enteropathy does treatment with oral cobalamin compared to parenteral cobalamin provide serum cobalamin levels greater than 270 ng/L? Clinical bottom line Future studies are needed to investigate the outcome of oral cobalamin dosing in dogs with extra-gastrointestinal disease.


id: ve01-339
title: ve01-339
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3290
sentence: 159
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-339.htm
txt: txt/ve01-339.txt
summary:
  Does meniscal release confer similar clinical benefits to meniscal tear treatment when compared to meniscectomy? a Knowledge Summary by Ben Garland BVetMed CertAVP(GSAS) Next review date: 02 Apr 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I4.339 PICO question In adult dogs with naturally occurring medial meniscal tears concurrent to cranial cruciate ligament disease does meniscal release confer the same benefits in lameness resolution as meniscectomy?  


id: ve01-320
title: ve01-320
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4130
sentence: 209
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-320.htm
txt: txt/ve01-320.txt
summary:
  An assessment of the impact of educational interventions on hand hygiene compliance a Knowledge Summary by Carla Husband BSc(Hons) RVN 1* Abbie McMillan BSc(Hons) RVN 1 Lauren Sweeney BSc(Hons) RVN 1 1University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH *Corresponding Author (ch16490@bristol.ac.uk) Next review date: 15 Oct 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I3.320 PICO question In small animal veterinary professions, does implementation of an educational intervention, when compared to no intervention, improve hand hygiene compliance?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Three papers were critically appraised.


id: ve01-331
title: ve01-331
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3711
sentence: 143
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-331.htm
txt: txt/ve01-331.txt
summary:
  Ovariohysterectomy versus ovariectomy for elective sterilization of female dogs and cats: is the removal of the uterus necessary? Janssens & Janssens (1991) Population: Ovariectomised female dogs from 27 different breeds.


id: ve01-384
title: ve01-384
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2207
sentence: 109
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ve01-384.htm
txt: txt/ve01-384.txt
summary:
  Outcome Studied: Sensitivity of non-contrast CT versus MRI for detecting intervertebral disc herniation. Dachshunds were the least likely breed to need additional imaging (on top of non-contrast CT imaging) with only 12/335 (3.6%) of dachshunds requiring further imaging compared to 30/220 (13.6%) of other dog breeds.


id: ve01-36
title: ve01-36
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2880
sentence: 160
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-36.htm
txt: txt/ve01-36.txt
summary:
  METHODS Sample Collection   Electronic medical records at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed for Achilles tendon injuries between 2005-2010. A 6-fold increase in Achilles tendon injury is seen in humans with genetic variation found at the tenascin C gene locus15.


id: ve01-186
title: ve01-186
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3270
sentence: 106
flesch: 36
cache: cache/ve01-186.htm
txt: txt/ve01-186.txt
summary:
  Osteochondral fragmentation of the plantar/palmar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx in racing horses. Summary of the evidence Barclay et al. (1987) Population: Horses Review of medical records of horses presented for lameness caused by PlOF of the proximal phalanx Only two horses presented with a moderate hindlimb lameness on physical examination


id: ve01-289
title: ve01-289
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4295
sentence: 215
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-289.htm
txt: txt/ve01-289.txt
summary:
  However, levels of disposable income, age and education are not necessarily a reliable indication of the value owners place on veterinary services or their willingness to spend money on their pet (Lee, 2006). The price of veterinary services may be deemed to be a significant choice criteria for clients however, there is little evidence to support this.


id: ve01-316
title: ve01-316
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3568
sentence: 188
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-316.htm
txt: txt/ve01-316.txt
summary:
  Corn excision was performed if the corn would still be left on the weight-bearing part of the pad after reconstruction. In one study, canine papillomavirus was isolated from corn lesions in two Greyhounds (Anis et al., 2016).


id: ve01-39
title: ve01-39
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2236
sentence: 89
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-39.htm
txt: txt/ve01-39.txt
summary:
  Population: Comparing lymphocyte function in heat stressed and cooled multiparous lactating cows Sample size: 21 heat stressed and 16 cooled lactating cows (from 42 days pre calving) Intervention details: Cooling system had fans and sprinklers active at greater than 21°C Study design: Cohort study Outcome Studied: mRNA expression of prolactin receptor PRL-R, Suppressor of cytokine activity proteins SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, and heat shock protein 70 typed at Kilodalton A5 (or HSPA5) Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Heat stress: Had greater prolactin (PRL) in plasma Had lower lymphocyte proliferation Had lower SOCS (suppressors of cytokine function) levels Had lower TNFα expression Had lower PRL receptor expression Limitations: Low cow numbers Did not concentrate on many innate, Th1 parameters Did not mention the difference in temperature of cooled vs heat stressed groups Lacetera (2002) Most papers compare cooled cows to heat stressed cows and either focus on outcomes in vivo or from leukocytes taken from the cows and subsequent functions in vitro. Cows or leukocytes in cooled conditions appear to have: Lower rectal temperatures Lower respiratory rates Lower cortisol levels in plasma Higher milk yield (3.8L/d) Higher IL10,2, neutrophil count, Lower TNF α, Lower suppressors of cytokine function Higher viability of leukocytes No effect on Ig levels in colostrum Better migration of lymphocytes to udder Higher prolactin receptor expression Lower prolactin production Higher heat shock transcription factor HSTF1 and heat shock protein HSP72 expression (but(B. U. Lacetera N. 2006) states that the function of the latter molecule remains unknown) but post-transcriptive effects are not determined.


id: ve01-341
title: ve01-341
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5048
sentence: 191
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-341.htm
txt: txt/ve01-341.txt
summary:
  Subjective assessment of recovery quality score (1–5) using a previously described scoring system (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2010) Objective measurement of time until extubation, time to sternal recumbency and time until standing were recorded Paper does not specify who scored recovery Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Quality of recovery did not significantly differ between groups (p = 0.109) More horses in Group 1 stood at the first attempt (it is unclear how many horses this applied to) Recovery times did not differ between the two groups Limitations: Subjective recovery quality scores Next review date: 30 Jan 2022 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I1.341 PICO question In horses undergoing volatile anaesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane, does administration of an alpha-2 agonist as a CRI compared to anaesthetic maintenance with volatile alone improve recovery quality?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Eight papers were critically appraised.


id: ve01-299
title: ve01-299
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6171
sentence: 230
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-299.htm
txt: txt/ve01-299.txt
summary:
  Research around the efficacy of fluid therapy in humans focuses on fluid therapy volumes, and often refers to goal directed therapy (GDT) or zero-balance fluid therapy (Voldby & Brandstrup, 2016). Anaesthetic depth should be considered prior to administering or increasing fluid rates There is limited evidence-based research for fluid therapy rates in a veterinary context Limitations: The recommendations in the report are based on a limited number of research articles, providing minimal evidence to support these new recommendations The recommendations used are based on human evidence of over-infusion of fluids, including damage to the kidneys and the endothelial glycocalyx.


id: ve01-38
title: ve01-38
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5122
sentence: 226
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-38.htm
txt: txt/ve01-38.txt
summary:
  As with much of the literature on veterinary business management, there is a lot written about managing competition but we were not able to identify any empirical evidence. Findings from student and recent graduate surveys show that students find clinical subjects to be more important for their career than business management skills (Rhind et al., 2011) and, the teaching of practice and business management is one of the top underrepresented non-clinical topics in the veterinary curriculum.


id: ve01-148
title: ve01-148
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 14292
sentence: 474
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-148.htm
txt: txt/ve01-148.txt
summary:
  Klebsiella counts and DM did not differ Composting recycled manure solids (RMS) offered minimal advantages over fresh RMS in reducing bacterial counts of common mastitis pathogens in bedding for dairy cows in freestalls Limitations: Low cow numbers Multiparous cows only Mid-late lactation cows (most studies report more lameness in early to mid lactation) Jensen (2015) Population: Lame Lactating and dry dairy cows Sample size: 42 obviously or severely lame cows (3 were dry) Intervention details: 19mm thick rubber mattresses in freestalls or 30cm deep bedded sand. Concrete slatted flooring in aisles Study design: Cohort, cross-over study Outcome Studied: Scales were Lameness on 1-5 scale (according to Thomsen P.T., Munksgaard L., Togersen F.A., (2008), Evaluation of a lameness scoring system for dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 116-126)


id: ve01-46
title: ve01-46
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2378
sentence: 79
flesch: 31
cache: cache/ve01-46.htm
txt: txt/ve01-46.txt
summary:
  In spite of limitations to the available studies, in cattle with clinical mastitis and an absence of systemic signs there is no evidence that combined systemic and intramammary antimicrobial therapy improves clinical cure rates compared to intramammary antimicrobial therapy only. Question In dairy cattle with clinical mastitis do systemic antimicrobials AND intramammary antimicrobials versus intramammary antimicrobials only improve clinical cure rates?


id: ve01-301
title: ve01-301
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3785
sentence: 186
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-301.htm
txt: txt/ve01-301.txt
summary:
  Next review date: 30 Oct 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I3.301 PICO question In canines, does the oral administration of carprofen, when compared to meloxicam, result in fewer gastrointestinal side effects?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Three prospective randomised controlled trials were critically reviewed Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported Treatment with carprofen or meloxicam results in no significant difference in gastric lesion scoring, increased intestinal mucosal permeability or diminished small bowel absorptive capacity Conclusion There is insufficient evidence supporting preferential administration of carprofen or meloxicam to reduce gastrointestinal side effects   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. The owner is concerned about gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDS and you wish to find out if there is a scientific basis for the preferential treatment with carprofen or meloxicam for this.


id: ve01-311
title: ve01-311
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1610
sentence: 52
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ve01-311.htm
txt: txt/ve01-311.txt
summary:
  There is some evidence of in vitro efficacy of garlic application across parasitised species and ectoparasites from various phyla, which suggests that it may have its place as a plant-based ectoparasiticide for the ethnoveterinary based treatment of some species. Topical (Gholipour-Kanai et al., 2012; and Fridman et al., 2014) or oral (Fridman et al., 2014) application of garlic extracts have also been shown to effectively reduce or eliminate ectoparasitism by the protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (host was a Sail Fin Molly fish; Gholipour-Kanai et al., 2012) and various trematode Mongean species (host was a Guppy fish; Fridman et al, 2014).


id: ve01-245
title: ve01-245
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5102
sentence: 182
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-245.htm
txt: txt/ve01-245.txt
summary:
  Clinical bottom line Data specifically evaluating drying piglets are limited. There is evidence that drying piglets can reduce mortality and improve thermoregulation of piglets.


id: ve01-318
title: ve01-318
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8434
sentence: 378
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-318.htm
txt: txt/ve01-318.txt
summary:
  Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Postoperative pain score In the second hour postoperatively, dogs in Group A had significantly (p=0.01) higher pain scores (median of 8) compared to dogs in Group B (median of 6). In the fourth hour postoperatively, dogs in Group A had significantly (p=0.01) higher pain scores (median of 7) compared to dogs in Group B (median of 6).


id: ve01-219
title: ve01-219
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6665
sentence: 279
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-219.htm
txt: txt/ve01-219.txt
summary:
  All dogs received the same treatment at the same time and in the same order so the study is particularly sensitive to order effects and stochastic events that might influence dog behaviour during a particular treatment condition. However, it is worth noting that they did find a significant effect of Valerian on dog behaviour, with dogs showing reduced vocalisation and movement, and increased resting behaviour on days (3 consecutive days) when Valerian impregnated cloths were placed in the run.


id: ve01-356
title: ve01-356
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7077
sentence: 405
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-356.htm
txt: txt/ve01-356.txt
summary:
  Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Mean LOV group pain scores equal or lower than OVE group at all postoperative time points. Postoperative pain scores using visual analogue scale (VAS), University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and short form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after surgery by three trained assessors.


id: ve01-343
title: ve01-343
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 328
sentence: 9
flesch: 26
cache: cache/ve01-343.htm
txt: txt/ve01-343.txt
summary:
  Veterinary research is often dictated by top down approaches where funding bodies have specific topics which they are prepared to fund. The application of evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) can improve and optimise: diagnosis, prognosis, control, treatment of animals, provide informed choices for owners, enable veterinarians to defend their decisions scientifically, provide the user with a methodology for appropriate,  patient orientated life-long, self-directed learning, identify information deficits in the literature and direct clinical research (Cockcroft and Holmes 2003).


id: ve01-3
title: ve01-3
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 552
sentence: 22
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-3.htm
txt: txt/ve01-3.txt
summary:
  Dates searches performed: 15 August 2015 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Non English language, Non-systematic reviews or conference papers. Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016) Published: 27 Jan 2016 Next Review date: 15 Aug 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I1.3 Clinical bottom line There is no evidence on which to judge the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of kennel cough.


id: ve01-41
title: ve01-41
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4728
sentence: 302
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-41.htm
txt: txt/ve01-41.txt
summary:
  Vol 1, Issue 3 (2016) Published: 04 July 2016 Reviewed by: Erik Fausak (MSLIS, MA, CVT, LVT, RLAT) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I3.41 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES | SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ABSTRACT Objective: The research question of our study was to determine the adoption and use of mobile devices and online services by veterinary students. Application: Veterinary students, and thus the next generation of veterinary practitioners, are using mobile devices to a high extent.


id: ve01-439
title: ve01-439
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5019
sentence: 253
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-439.htm
txt: txt/ve01-439.txt
summary:
  Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney U test to evaluate differences in age and body weight across treatment groups. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups on exam parameters during hospitalisation and 10–14 day post-discharge recheck (temperature, body weight, respiratory rate, heart rate, haematuria).


id: ve01-392
title: ve01-392
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7412
sentence: 342
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-392.htm
txt: txt/ve01-392.txt
summary:
  Conclusions EBVM is gaining momentum and ‘EBVM Learning’ has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the training of the next generation of EBVM practitioners across the globe. The aim of the current project ‘EBVM Learning II’ (undertaken in 2019) was to review the online resource ‘EBVM Learning’ to ensure its ongoing relevance and usefulness to the range of learners engaged in EBVM.


id: ve01-502
title: ve01-502
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3710
sentence: 151
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ve01-502.htm
txt: txt/ve01-502.txt
summary:
  Effects of delayed respiratory viral vaccine and/or inclusion of an immunostimulant on feedlot health, performance, and carcass merits of auction-market derived feeder heifers. Inclusion: BRD morbidity assessment, comparison of effects delayed modified live vaccine administration and administration of vaccine on arrival to the feedlot, and respiratory vaccine used when evaluating vaccine timing.


id: ve01-445
title: ve01-445
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5386
sentence: 255
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-445.htm
txt: txt/ve01-445.txt
summary:
  Significant difference between acute diarrhoea dogs compared to healthy controls (higher DI in acute diarrhoea group; p <0.001). Dogs in acute diarrhoea treatment group may or may not have had concurrent vomiting.


id: ve01-491
title: ve01-491
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4033
sentence: 192
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-491.htm
txt: txt/ve01-491.txt
summary:
  Henninger et al. (2003) reported 16/18 (89%) horses with clinical signs consistent with maxillary sinusitis to have CT changes consistent with apical dental pathology and only 5/18 (28%) having radiographic evidence of apical infection. A retrospective case controlled study (Bühler et al., 2014) investigating the prevalence of apical dental pathology in horses with clinical evidence of sinusitis found 27/28 (96%) horses with inconclusive radiographic evaluation had CT changes of apical dental pathology.


id: ve01-476
title: ve01-476
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5131
sentence: 230
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-476.htm
txt: txt/ve01-476.txt
summary:
  Does occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia reduce the survival rate in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV)? a Knowledge Summary by Madeleine Thomson MRCVS 1* 1University of Surrey School of Veterinary Medicine, VSM Building, University of Surrey, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford GU2 7AL *Corresponding Author (madeleine.thomson@ntlworld.com) Next review date: 30 May 2023 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I4.476 PICO question Does occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia reduce the survival rate in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV)?  


id: ve01-462
title: ve01-462
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5428
sentence: 263
flesch: 57
cache: cache/ve01-462.htm
txt: txt/ve01-462.txt
summary:
  Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Meloxicam results in the 8 hours following marking: Reduced time spent (p-values all under 0.05): standing in normal posture standing in hunched posture standing in stretched position walking with a stiff gait in combined abnormal postures and behaviours Increased time spent (0.05 <P <0.1): grazing lying suckling Overall = statistically significant 7-fold reduction in combined abnormal behaviours from 5.2% in placebo group to 0.7% in meloxicam group (P<0.001) After treatment lambs were ear tagged, vaccinated against contagious pustular dermatitis and given vitamin B12 by the farm staff and returned to their dams.


id: ve01-484
title: ve01-484
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4577
sentence: 243
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-484.htm
txt: txt/ve01-484.txt
summary:
  An interesting subject for further research would be to assess whether clicker training cats results in a reduced length of stay in the shelter, although future studies of clicker training in cats could compare it to other means of cognitive enrichment to reduce the confounding factors. A colleague mentions that she has heard of other shelters clicker training cats to reduce stress and improve adoptability.


id: ve01-325
title: ve01-325
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4798
sentence: 237
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-325.htm
txt: txt/ve01-325.txt
summary:
  In BUP group dogs were given supplemental analgesia 1 hr after extubation and only with butorphanol. Campagnol et al. (2012) Population: Client owned rescue dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy Sample size: 30 female dogs randomly assigned to three groups Intervention details:


id: ve01-33
title: ve01-33
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5521
sentence: 251
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-33.htm
txt: txt/ve01-33.txt
summary:
  Our specific aims were to determine if hair coat clipping affects TC measurement, to determine the intra- and inter-observer variability of TC under constant conditions using an affixed limb, and to evaluate the effect of laser guidance on inter- and intra-observer variability of TC measurements in a clinical setting. Table 1: Phase 1 Cadaveric data - Inter- and intra-observer variability of TC measurement (in cm) for measurements at all different inflation levels combined Table 2: Phase 1 Cadaveric data - Comparison of TC measurements made by all observers at different inflation levels and different hair lengths Phase 2: Live dog data – Eight clinically healthy Golden Retrievers were used.


id: ve01-335
title: ve01-335
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5082
sentence: 223
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-335.htm
txt: txt/ve01-335.txt
summary:
  26/30 dogs were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis; 15/26 atopic dogs started immunotherapy at the end of the study and 4/26 dogs 3 weeks before the end of the study and 7/26 atopic dogs did not start immunotherapy during the study period. Dates searches performed: 02 April 2020 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Review articles, articles not available in English, book chapters and conference proceedings, non-peer-reviewed journals and articles that did not compare antihistamines to glucocorticoids in atopic dogs therefore were not relevant to the PICO question.


id: ve01-307
title: ve01-307
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7255
sentence: 204
flesch: 34
cache: cache/ve01-307.htm
txt: txt/ve01-307.txt
summary:
  Bags filled with ice every 2 hours or more frequently if necessary Treatment group: 69 horses received CDH Control group: 61 horses did not receive CDH Study design: Multicentre retrospective case series Outcome Studied: Development of laminitis diagnosis of laminitis based on Obel lameness grade (Obel, 1948), increased digital pulses, abnormal posture and inability or unwillingness to move Long-term outcome on horses that developed laminitis and discharged from hospital included telephone conversations with owners, trainers and referring veterinary surgeon Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): 27/130 horses (21%) developed laminitis, 103/130 horses (79%) did not 7/69 (10%) horses with CDH developed laminitis, 3/7 (43%) were euthanised prior to hospital discharge due to laminitis 20/61 (33%) horses with no CDH developed laminitis, 11/20 (55%) were euthanised prior to hospital discharge due to laminitis Horses were less likely to develop laminitis if they received CDH compared with horses that did not receive CDH (odds ratio 0.14; p=0.003). In all cases, the pedometer data showed an increase in count frequency in ambient temperature limbs 2–4 hours prior to visual recognition of weight shifting behaviour Hoof wall surface temperature (mean ± standard error): CDH limbs 4.2° ± 52°C ambient limbs 23.1° ± 1.4°C Limitations: Selection bias may have been introduced as study does not mention whether CDH limb was randomly selected or how selection of horses into different experimental groups was achieved Control tissue for histology was not from this study although had been harvested in an identical fashion Only Standardbred horses were included Small sample size van Eps & Pollitt (2009) Population: Clinically normal Standardbred horses (14 geldings, four mares).


id: ve01-437
title: ve01-437
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 634
sentence: 21
flesch: 31
cache: cache/ve01-437.htm
txt: txt/ve01-437.txt
summary:
  The strains referred to with the DSM codes, and that were published in the Knowledge Summary are as follows: Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 24733; Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 24730; Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 24735; Lactobacillus delbruckeii subspecies bulgaricus DSM 24734; Bifidobacterium longum DSM 24736; Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 24737; Bifidobacterium breve DSM 24732; Streptococcus thermophilus DSM 24731. In particular, the recent testing has determined that, contrary to representations in such products’ information and marketing materials: – DSM 24731 does not contain Streptococcus thermophilus but rather, Lactobacillus plantarum; – DSM 24734 does not contain Lactobacillus delbruckeii subspieces bulgar-icus but rather Pediococcus pentosaceus; – DSM 24735 does not contain Lactobacillus acidophilus but rather Lacto-bacillus plantarum; – DSM 24736 does not contain Bifidobacterium longum but rather Bifidobacterium animalis; and – DSM 24737 does not contain Bifidobacterium infantis but rather a mix of various bacteria including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis.


id: ve01-381
title: ve01-381
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 11269
sentence: 550
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-381.htm
txt: txt/ve01-381.txt
summary:
  The authors suggest that the log (T:B) could be used as an indicator of the degree of lymphoma cell infiltration to predict prognosis, however this would need to be investigated in further studies as it has not been confirmed that log (T:B) correlates with prognosis, nor is it clear that that the B and T-cells are the neoplastic cells in question. Samples were taken from affected lymph nodes of study dogs.


id: ve01-29
title: ve01-29
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2105
sentence: 91
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-29.htm
txt: txt/ve01-29.txt
summary:
  Surgical treatment was done in 3 cases, 1 case that failed to improve after conservative treatment was treated by tenodesis and 2 additional cases were treated by either tenodesis or tenolysis. Is there enough evidence to recommend surgical treatment as opposed to conservative treatment for dogs affected by bicipital tenosynovitis? a Knowledge Summary by Alexandra Penelas DVM1* 1University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland *Corresponding Author (apenelas@vetclinics.uzh.ch)


id: ve01-48
title: ve01-48
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 39
sentence: 2
flesch: 72
cache: cache/ve01-48.htm
txt: txt/ve01-48.txt
summary:
  How to Design a Study in Practice Dr Mark Holmes MA, VetMB, PhD, MRCVS1* 1Cambridge University, The Old Schools, Trinity Lane, Cambridge CB2 1TN *Corresponding Author (mah1@cam.ac.uk) Vol 1, Issue 2 (2016) Published: 24 June 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I2.48


id: ve01-388
title: ve01-388
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6328
sentence: 383
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-388.htm
txt: txt/ve01-388.txt
summary:
  In order to definitively answer the present clinical question, a prospective, randomised clinical trial, with pre-determined standardised outcome measurements, comparing THR treated dogs to FHO treated dogs with naturally occurring hip dysplasia would be necessary. Of the literature that solely addresses total hip replacement outcome, five studies are prospective case series and five are retrospective case series.


id: ve01-390
title: ve01-390
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3422
sentence: 171
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ve01-390.htm
txt: txt/ve01-390.txt
summary:
  Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Intestinal anastomosis is associated with a higher mean probability of death than enterotomy with a diagnosis of intestinal foreign body. Enterotomy versus intestinal resection anastomosis: morbidity and mortality rates in 135 dogs and 85 cats.


id: ve01-50
title: ve01-50
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5370
sentence: 261
flesch: 38
cache: cache/ve01-50.htm
txt: txt/ve01-50.txt
summary:
  The purpose of this Knowledge Summary was to evaluate the available evidence from studies evaluating the efficacy of stem cell therapies for equine flexor tendon healing.   A few clinical studies indicate that re-injury rates are lower following stem cell treatment, than without.


id: ve01-319
title: ve01-319
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2530
sentence: 104
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-319.htm
txt: txt/ve01-319.txt
summary:
  [mp=abstract, title, original title, broad terms, heading words, identifier, cabicodes] 1 and 2 and 3 Medline: (dog or dogs or bitch or bitches or puppy or puppies) (caesarean section or caesarean sections or cesarean section or cesarean sections) (mortality or mortalities or mortality rate or mortality rates) 1 and 2 and 3 Science Direct: (dog or dogs or bitch or bitches or puppy or puppies) AND (caesarean section or caesarean sections or cesarean section or cesarean sections) AND (mortality or mortalities or mortality rate or mortality rates) Dates searches performed: CAB Abstracts 27th September 2019 Medline 10th October 2019 Science Direct 25th October 2019 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Irrelevant to PICO question, articles that do not discuss both emergency and elective caesarean sections, articles not written in the English language, conference abstract, duplicates, chapters or sections from a textbook, articles without full access, feline caesarean sections. [mp=abstract, title, original title, broad terms, heading words, identifier, cabicodes] (caesarean section or caesarean sections or cesarean section or cesarean sections).mp.


id: ve01-44
title: ve01-44
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1537
sentence: 84
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-44.htm
txt: txt/ve01-44.txt
summary:
  This manuscript used evidence based statistical methods that estimate clinical treatment effect rather than whether groups were statistically different. There are several ways to estimate effect size including Cohen’s d and the numbers needed to treat or harm. 


id: ve01-464
title: ve01-464
extension: .htm
mime: text/plain
words: 1443
sentence: 29
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-464.htm
txt: txt/ve01-464.txt
summary:
  Without your highly valued knowledge, expertise and insights <em><span style=font-family: 'PT Serif',serif;>Veterinary Evidence</span></em><span class=apple-converted-space>&nbsp;</span>would not be growing into the key knowledge source that it is today.</span></p> <p style=margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;><span style=font-family: 'PT Serif',serif; color: #222222;>The<span class=apple-converted-space>&nbsp;</span><em><span style=font-family: 'PT Serif',serif;>Veterinary Evidence</span></em><span class=apple-converted-space>&nbsp;</span>Editorial Board Meeting was held for the first time digitally on 7 December with the largest number of editorial board members able to attend. #0000ff;><a style=color: #0000ff; href=https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v6i1.464 target=_blank>10.18849/VE.V6I1.464</a></span></p> </span> </span> <hr> <p style=margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;><span style=font-family: 'PT Serif',serif; color: #222222;>2020 will be a year to remember!


id: ve01-529
title: Full text template title | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3262
sentence: 138
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-529.htm
txt: txt/ve01-529.txt
summary:
  Limitations: Bias of uncontrolled events and factors such as treated rabbits being asymptomatic carriers of Cheyletiella mites as treatment response was in some cases assessed just by clinical cure and not parasitical cure. Rabbits with concurrent disease or that were overweight were seen in both treatment failure and remission groups, making concurrent health conditions not the main determinant of treatment effectiveness.


id: ve01-522
title: ve01-522
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4319
sentence: 220
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-522.htm
txt: txt/ve01-522.txt
summary:
  Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Five studies, including four uncontrolled interventional studies and one case-series were critically reviewed Strength of evidence Moderate Outcomes reported The reviewed studies collectively provide moderate evidence in support of the application of GS-441524 or GC376 to extend the survival time of cats suffering from feline infectious peritonitis Conclusion While these antiviral drugs are considered the most likely options for FIP treatment, more robust evidence should be obtained through well-designed randomised controlled trials to verify the observed positive effects in treating various forms of the disease and the potential long-term side effects. The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies.


id: ve01-40
title: ve01-40
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3226
sentence: 170
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-40.htm
txt: txt/ve01-40.txt
summary:
  162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-162 Straker, L. and Campbell, A. (2012) Translation equations to compare ActiGraph GT3X and Actical accelerometers activity counts. Scatterplot matrix of activity count data for P1-P4.


id: ve01-473
title: ve01-473
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4762
sentence: 261
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-473.htm
txt: txt/ve01-473.txt
summary:
  Participants were separated into two groups according to a blinded randomisation chart – group A treated with stem cells and group B treated with placebo. Stem cells were obtained and cell banks generated from canine umbilical cords.


id: ve01-357
title: ve01-357
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4113
sentence: 126
flesch: 30
cache: cache/ve01-357.htm
txt: txt/ve01-357.txt
summary:
  Two more recent studies (Favarato et al., 2012; and Lidbury et al., 2012) investigating ranitidine administered at 2 mg/kg either orally or intravenously to healthy dogs who failed to show GI motility enhancement. In light of all the above, it is fair to conclude that ranitidine has shown effective prokinetic activity in vitro and in vivo when healthy experimental dogs have been evaluated, although often at dosages higher than the ones commonly recommended in clinical practice.


id: ve01-443
title: ve01-443
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3397
sentence: 169
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-443.htm
txt: txt/ve01-443.txt
summary:
  Population: Retrospective Study #1: Dogs that had undergone splenectomy were compared with records of dogs that had undergone other abdominal surgery at a referral hospital between 1999 and 2007. Next review date: 15 Jun 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I4.443 PICO question In dogs that have undergone a complete splenectomy, does performing a concurrent gastropexy decrease the risk of future gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) development when compared to not performing a concurrent gastropexy?  


id: ve01-372
title: ve01-372
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8556
sentence: 464
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-372.htm
txt: txt/ve01-372.txt
summary:
  Should doses exceeding 0.2 mg/kg of oral meloxicam be given to reduce surgical recovery time in rabbits and should twice daily administration be considered? a Knowledge Summary by Eleanor Best BVSc MSc MRCVS 1* 1University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU *Corresponding Author (elliebest1001@gmail.com) Next review date: 29 Mar 2023 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I3.372 PICO question In reducing surgical recovery time in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), should doses exceeding 0.2 mg/kg of oral meloxicam be given and is twice daily administration more effective than a single daily dose?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Nine papers were critically reviewed, yet no studies were found to directly investigate the effects of twice daily dosing with meloxicam postoperatively in rabbits.


id: ve01-534
title: Full text template title | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4513
sentence: 227
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-534.htm
txt: txt/ve01-534.txt
summary:
  The four papers provide evidence to support that brachycephalic dogs are at high risk or increased risk of heatstroke compared to non-brachycephalic dogs. This is supported by evidence appraised in this summary, which suggests that brachycephalic dogs are at increased risk of HRI compared to non-brachycephalic dogs.


id: ve01-515
title: ve01-515
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8611
sentence: 482
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-515.htm
txt: txt/ve01-515.txt
summary:
  One study obtained positive Angio Detect™ and Baermann coprology in asymptomatic dogs (Di Cesare et al., 2014). Next review date: 22 Apr 2023 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I4.515 PICO question In dogs, is IDEXX Angio Detect™ as accurate as Baermann coprology when diagnosing Angiostrongylus vasorum infection?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Diagnosis The number and type of study designs reviewed Eight papers were critically reviewed: three diagnostic accuracy studies, two cross-sectional studies (one of which also included a retrospective case series), one cohort study, one case-control study, and one case series Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported Angio Detect™ (IDEXX) was shown to have low-moderate sensitivity and high specificity in comparison to Baermann coprology.


id: ve01-349
title: ve01-349
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 14066
sentence: 796
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-349.htm
txt: txt/ve01-349.txt
summary:
  This literature review supports the use of veterinary telemedicine for teleconsultations, and using wearable and mobile health (mHealth) devices for monitoring animal health. Overall, veterinary telemedicine and telehealth can provide positive results.  


id: ve01-303
title: ve01-303
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5417
sentence: 281
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-303.htm
txt: txt/ve01-303.txt
summary:
  All three found mean incision length was shorter in the OVE group and two (Lee et al., 2013; and Tallant et al., 2016) found that surgical duration was shorter in the OVE group. Only one paper (Lee et al., 2013) revealed a significant difference in pain scoring between groups, with the OVE group having lower scores at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-surgery.


id: ve01-389
title: ve01-389
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 850
sentence: 34
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-389.htm
txt: txt/ve01-389.txt
summary:
  However, the potential negative impacts of not treating uncomplicated corneal ulcers with topical ophthalmic antibacterials could be significant, possibly resulting in secondary ocular infections, melting deep corneal ulcers, and may eventually lead to loss of vision or loss of the eye. In dogs with uncomplicated corneal ulcers, do antibacterial eye drops reduce the risk of infection? a Knowledge Summary by Sery Johnson BS 1* Wanda J Gordon-Evans DVM PhD DACVS DACVSMR 1 1University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA *Corresponding Author (joh10898@umn.edu)


id: ve01-525
title: ve01-525
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 274
sentence: 9
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-525.htm
txt: txt/ve01-525.txt
summary:
  Intellectual Property Rights Authors of Knowledge Summaries submitted to RCVS Knowledge for publication will retain copyright in their work, and will be required to grant to RCVS Knowledge a non-exclusive licence of the rights of copyright in the materials including but not limited to the right to publish, re-publish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use the materials in all languages and all media throughout the world, and to licence or permit others to do so. Vol 6, Issue 3 (2021) Erratum published: 19 Jul 2021 Original paper published: 08 Jul 2021 The original article was published in Veterinary Evidence Vol 6, Issue 3 (2021): 10.18849/VE.V6I3.452 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I3.525 ERRATUM Unfortunately the original version of the article had the following error.  


id: ve01-494
title: ve01-494
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4545
sentence: 299
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-494.htm
txt: txt/ve01-494.txt
summary:
  (1980) Population: Dogs and cats with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia admitted to Glasgow University Veterinary School (UK) between January 1972 and August 1978. (2003) Population: Cats that had surgical repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia at the University of Tenessee and University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine (USA) between 1991–2001.


id: ve01-480
title: ve01-480
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5596
sentence: 262
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-480.htm
txt: txt/ve01-480.txt
summary:
  Horses who developed laminitis prior to 2008 were treated with alternative therapies, as cryotherapy was not available. Retrospective clinical studies in surgery: potentials and pitfalls.


id: ve01-31
title: ve01-31
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1509
sentence: 56
flesch: 39
cache: cache/ve01-31.htm
txt: txt/ve01-31.txt
summary:
  Wucherer et al. (2013) compared, in a randomised controlled trial, overweight dogs with CCLR which were assigned to a non-surgical (physical therapy, NSAID administration and weight loss) and a surgical (TPLO) + physical therapy treatment group. Objective: Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and functional/clinical scores (PVF, stifle joint range of motion and thigh circumference) Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Increase of PVF from 3 weeks to 24 months but no significant difference between both groups Mean PVF at 3 weeks evaluation: LFS group (17.57 ±70) and TPLO group (20.65 ± 1.73)


id: ve01-32
title: ve01-32
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4601
sentence: 307
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-32.htm
txt: txt/ve01-32.txt
summary:
  When considering treatment options for ST dogs, it is important to note that many of the patients failed to respond to conservative management prior to presentation as 74.6% of patients failed to respond to NSAID therapy and 40.8% failed to respond to rehabilitation therapy. Vol 1, Issue 3 (2016) Published: 04 July 2016 Reviewed by: Wanda Gordon-Evans (DVM, PhD, DACVS DACVSMR) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I3.32 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES | SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ABSTRACT Objective: To report clinical findings and treatments for dogs with supraspinatus tendinopathy (ST).


id: ve01-313
title: ve01-313
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8222
sentence: 415
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-313.htm
txt: txt/ve01-313.txt
summary:
  A greater percentage of alfaxalone group puppies (n = 213) were positive for all four health vigour assessments compared with the propofol group (n = 131): Withdrawal reflex (95.8% in alfaxalone group vs 93.1% in propofol group) Suction reflex (93.9% vs 84.0%) Anogenital reflex (82.7% vs 80.9%) Flexion reflex (90.1% vs 83.2%) Metcalfe et al. (2014) recorded the reflexes that each puppy showed following delivery and found that a greater percentage of alfaxalone group puppies were positive for all four health vigour assessments compared with the propofol group.


id: ve01-340
title: ve01-340
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3899
sentence: 222
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-340.htm
txt: txt/ve01-340.txt
summary:
  Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts on CAB Direct 1973 – 2020 Week 18 PubMed on NCBI interface 1920 – May 2020 Search strategy: CAB Abstracts: (canine or canines or dog or dogs) (anaesthe* or anesthe*) (gastroprotectant* or gastro-protectant* or protectant* or omeprazole or esomeprazole or cisapride or maropitant or metoclopramide or ranitidine) (((gastro* or gastric) and reflux) or GOR or GER) 1 and 2 and 3 and 4   PubMed: (canine or canines or dog or dogs) (anaesthesia or anesthesia or anaesthetic or anesthetic) (gastroprotectant or gastro-protectant or protectant or omeprazole or esomeprazole or cisapride or maropitant or metoclopramide or ranitidine) ((gastro or gastric) and reflux) or GOR or GER 5. 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 Dates searches performed: 14 May 2020 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Studies that did not include anaesthesia, were not English, wrong species or were not related to PICO Inclusion: Peer-reviewed journals, veterinary journals, full papers, dogs Search Outcome Database Number of results Excluded – Not peer-reviewed Excluded – Did not answer the PICO question Excluded – Anything other than veterinary journals Excluded – Not in English Total relevant papers CAB Abstracts 9 1 3 0 0 5 PubMed 10 0 6 0 0 4 Total relevant papers when duplicates removed 5 Conflict of Interest In dogs undergoing anaesthesia do pre-anaesthetic gastroprotectants reduce gastro-oesophageal reflux? a Knowledge Summary by Leanne June Barry RVN Cert VNECC PgCert APVN 1* 1University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ *Corresponding Author (leanne_barry@hotmail.com)


id: ve01-503
title: ve01-503
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6024
sentence: 249
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-503.htm
txt: txt/ve01-503.txt
summary:
  Case definition and criteria that make a calf eligible for BRD treatment or retreatment was also a notable difference between studies that complicated comparisons. Outcome Studied: Morbidity measured as: First BRD treatment % (cattle exhibiting ≥2 clinical signs of BRD (ocular or nasal discharge, depressed appearance, gaunt or lacking normal fill, coughing, laboured breathing, or lack of appetite were pulled and rectal temperature taken, and antimicrobial treatment was administered if rectal temperature was ≥40°C) – subjective assessment; unblinded personnel.


id: ve01-393
title: ve01-393
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6175
sentence: 311
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-393.htm
txt: txt/ve01-393.txt
summary:
  5/13 dogs in the treatment group received metronidazole: Mean days of resolution of diarrhoea in probiotic dogs that did not receive metronidazole: 3.33 ±26 days (based on reviewer’s calculation). 9/18 dogs in the control group received metronidazole: Mean days to resolution of diarrhoea in placebo dogs that did not receive metronidazole: 6.11 ±88 days (based on reviewer’s calculation).


id: ve01-317
title: ve01-317
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 9551
sentence: 466
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-317.htm
txt: txt/ve01-317.txt
summary:
  Primed MSC treatment group – Seven horses received allogenic pooled bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) (10 x 106 cells) primed by tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma in 2 ml of solution at weeks 2 and 5, IA into their radio-carpal joint. After 2 months, average lameness score was 1.25/5 in the control group, 1.5/5 in the naïve MSC treatment group and 1/5 in the primed MSC group.


id: ve01-438
title: ve01-438
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4766
sentence: 243
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-438.htm
txt: txt/ve01-438.txt
summary:
  The treatment endpoint for the group receiving local corticosteroid treatment was AH resolution. The study did not, however, provide a clear comparison of local instillation of corticosteroid to daily drainage alone, since systemic treatment was used in addition to local corticosteroid treatment.


id: ve01-47
title: ve01-47
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1648
sentence: 72
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-47.htm
txt: txt/ve01-47.txt
summary:
  Additionally, supportive evidence suggests that creating a routine of wiping ports with alcohol prior to injection or withdrawal may significantly decrease the likelihood of fluid contamination. One consistent theme the evidence suggests is that fluid contamination is directly related to the cleanliness of the surrounding environment.


id: ve01-345
title: ve01-345
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7487
sentence: 461
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-345.htm
txt: txt/ve01-345.txt
summary:
  Implications The present research suggests conversations between veterinarians and pet owners regarding online pet health information can positively impact the professional relationship, provided pet owners view veterinarians’ reactions to the online information disclosure to be positive. There was a relationship between pet owners’ perceptions of their relationships with their veterinarians and how pet owners perceived their veterinarians’ reactions to their disclosure of online pet health information searches.


id: ve01-382
title: ve01-382
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4625
sentence: 205
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-382.htm
txt: txt/ve01-382.txt
summary:
  One dog included in the study was administered dextrose before blood glucose was measured which can elevate blood glucose measurements therefore causing a greater difference between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentrations. BFG difference is more reliable for diagnosis of SP than peritoneal fluid glucose measurements alone.


id: ve01-34
title: ve01-34
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2454
sentence: 115
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-34.htm
txt: txt/ve01-34.txt
summary:
  Inclusion: Any link between evidence based practice and non-clinical benefits to veterinarians. Objective assessment of the factors influencing good clinical decision making.


id: ve01-560
title: ve01-560
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2504
sentence: 144
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-560.htm
txt: txt/ve01-560.txt
summary:
  Meanwhile Verschoor-Kirss (2021) found that there was a greater reduction in airway resistance with oral glucocorticoid treatment compared to baseline than with inhaled therapy. The treatment protocol in this study differed from the other studies; oral glucocorticoid treatment was given concurrently with the inhalant therapy for 1 week before inhalant therapy was continued exclusively.


id: ve01-530
title: ve01-530
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3844
sentence: 208
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-530.htm
txt: txt/ve01-530.txt
summary:
  Hoffman et al. (2018) used no treatment as a comparator and Murphy et al. The evidence appraised demonstrates trazodone provides an isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sparing effect in anaesthetised dogs (Hoffman et al., 2018) and has similar cardiovascular effects to acepromazine in anaesthetised, healthy dogs (Murphy et al., 2017).


id: ve01-308
title: ve01-308
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5932
sentence: 280
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-308.htm
txt: txt/ve01-308.txt
summary:
  PICO question In healthy dogs undergoing open wound management, does the topical application of honey, when compared to wounds treated with daily saline washes only, reduce the time to complete wound healing?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Two studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for answering the PICO; both were prospective randomised controlled trials Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported The studies demonstrated a possible effect size of clinical importance of the use of honey in the treatment of canine wounds in terms of time to complete wound healing and antibacterial effect. However, the strength of the evidence provided by both studies is severely weakened by flaws in trial design, implementation and reporting, and the possible risk of pseudo replication between the two trials reported Conclusion The use of topical honey in canine open wound management may reduce time to complete wound healing.


id: ve01-337
title: ve01-337
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6888
sentence: 225
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-337.htm
txt: txt/ve01-337.txt
summary:
  This could affect results as you cannot credit any success to one treatment alone Owner questionnaire was with a visual analog scale which can be inaccurate depending on owner interpretation and understanding Study was performed on FIC cats with only obstructive FIC with the measured outcome being repeat obstruction. Group 2 (n=6) received placebo with the same dosing schedule for 10 days (two female, four male) Hospitalised for 10 days Study design: Double blinded clinical study Outcome Studied: For first 10 days urine analysis was completed daily 4 and 18 days after discontinuation of therapy urinalysis and bacterial urine cultures were performed Daily observation of clinical signs for first 10 days to look for a reduction is dysuria, haematuria and struvite presence in urine Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Dysuria subsided after a mean of 1.5 days in both groups Haematuria reduced after a mean of 3.2 days in prednisolone treated cats and 3.5 days in placebo treated cats A 10 day course of prednisolone had no clinical benefit over the placebo Limitations: Patients were hospitalised throughout, potentially increasing stress and exacerbating any clinical signs Act of collecting urine daily and medicating everyday has potential to increase stress and exacerbate clinical signs.


id: ve01-469
title: ve01-469
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4487
sentence: 234
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-469.htm
txt: txt/ve01-469.txt
summary:
  IVLE therapy was reduced at 2 ml/kg/h and administered for 6 hours. Authors used different doses and rate of bolus and CRI of IVLE therapy.


id: ve01-444
title: ve01-444
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3117
sentence: 138
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-444.htm
txt: txt/ve01-444.txt
summary:
  Limitations: While rural coyotes were sampled in this study, urban coyotes do not seem to be included in the study population. Dates searches performed: 10 Nov 2021 Exclusion / Inclusion criteria Exclusion: Not in English Study area is outside the US Borrelia burgdorferi not actually measured / not in coyotes Urban / rural distinction not made for tested coyotes Not peer-reviewed Inclusion: English Study area is within the US Borrelia burgdorferi measured by authors in coyotes Urban / rural distinction not made for tested coyotes Peer-reviewed Search outcome Database Number of results Excluded – Not in English Excluded – Study area is outside the USA Excluded – Does not measure Borrelia burgdorferi in coyotes Excluded – Urban / rural data not included Excluded – Not peer-reviewed Total relevant papers CAB Abstracts 9 0 2 0 6 0 1 PubMed 10 0 2 1 5 0 2 Scopus 10 0 2 1 5 0 2 Total relevant papers when duplicates removed 2 Conflict of interest


id: ve01-49
title: ve01-49
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5746
sentence: 300
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-49.htm
txt: txt/ve01-49.txt
summary:
  Figure 5: Proportion of blinded, randomised, GCP/GLP compliant studies per interval related to all studies conducted Evaluation of the data model and critical assessment of study data quality The data model developed in this feasibility study has proved to be suitable for presenting clinical study data from registration dossiers. Compilation of study data in the database was demonstrated using all available clinical studies involving VMPs containing the anthelmintic drug Praziquantel.


id: ve01-543
title: ve01-543
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7124
sentence: 352
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-543.htm
txt: txt/ve01-543.txt
summary:
  Measures of frequency were evaluated for: primary sources of nutrition information; primary sources of general health information; amount of information students think exist on human nutrition; perceived confidence in knowing where to find personal nutrition information; perceived difficulty in finding personal nutrition information; amount of trust placed in different nutrition information sources; and perceived quality / quantity of information regarding healthy diets received from family doctor. Table 2 highlights the results of univariate analyses of personal nutrition information sources associated with students’ perceived amount of human nutrition information to exist.


id: ve01-391
title: ve01-391
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6169
sentence: 225
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-391.htm
txt: txt/ve01-391.txt
summary:
  Objective assessments: pulmonary function endobronchial and peripheral lung biopsy histology and morphometric analysis/ airway smooth muscle mass measurements BALF cytology Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Prior to stabling there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the asthma and control groups Significant decrease in pulmonary function in the asthma group after 30 days compared to the control group Significant increase in neutrophil percentage of BALF in asthma group after 1 and 30 days Mean airway smooth muscle mass was significantly increased in asthma horses compared to controls at all time points Limitations: Assessors were not blinded Small sample size Leclere et al. (2011) Population: Adult horses with asthma (heaves) Age-matched healthy control horses Case selection of asthma horses (n=6): 3–10 year history of asthma Reversible airway obstruction when exposed to hay Otherwise healthy based on clinical exam, CBC and biochemistry Selection of controls (n=5): Age-matched clinically normal horses Sample size: 11 horses Intervention details:


id: ve01-373
title: ve01-373
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4132
sentence: 222
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-373.htm
txt: txt/ve01-373.txt
summary:
  Population: Adult horses categorised as free of lameness by using objective lameness measurement: Four geldings, 12 mares Four Brazilian Warmblood horses and 12 crossbreeds Sample size: 16 horses Intervention details: Metal clamps were placed on the hoof wall of either the right or the left hindlimb (random selection) and tightened until horses showed a 3–4/5 AAEP lameness grade. The study only looked at the effects up to 5 minutes postsedation and so may have limited relevance to clinical lameness investigations where horses are evaluated over longer periods.


id: ve01-552
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6125
sentence: 377
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-552.htm
txt: txt/ve01-552.txt
title:
  In cats undergoing midline ovariohysterectomy, is the use of local anaesthesia with bupivacaine associated with a reduction in postoperative pain score? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Conclusion When compared to a control, pain scores for the participating cats were lower after administration of bupivacaine, however, statistical significance was only reached in one of the studies. Pain scores of the patients (before, at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 1.5 hours after surgery).


id: ve01-517
title: ve01-517
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4911
sentence: 244
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-517.htm
txt: txt/ve01-517.txt
summary:
  The group was not homogenous: the dogs with medial patellar luxation were of different age (18 months and 7 years), different breeds (Pinscher and Springer Spaniel) the grade of patellar luxation was not the same (ranging from Grade I–IV) and it was not the same grade between the legs in the same patient. (2001) the difference in patellar depth, patellar articular contact, percentage of recessed trochlear surface area, and resistance to medial patellar luxation in stifles treated with trochlear block recession or trochlear wedge recession were described.


id: ve01-532
title: ve01-532
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 232
sentence: 10
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-532.htm
txt: txt/ve01-532.txt
summary:
  Erratum to: Are glucocorticoids or NSAIDs more effective in reducing idiopathic feline urinary tract disease signs than no treatment or placebo? The publishers apologise for their error in the original version of the title, which was published as: The title was changed from: Are glucocorticoids or NSAIDs effective in idiopathic feline urinary tract disease signs than no treatment or placebo?


id: ve01-61
title: ve01-61
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1480
sentence: 81
flesch: 45
cache: cache/ve01-61.htm
txt: txt/ve01-61.txt
summary:
  Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Less laryngospasm with topical lidocaine than IV or no treatment. Intervention details: Systematic review, study inclusion criteria: Randomised control trials involving adult humans with varying degree of lidocaine use in endotracheal intubation (IV, spray, on the tube, in the cuff).


id: ve01-77
title: ve01-77
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 106
sentence: 5
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-77.htm
txt: txt/ve01-77.txt
summary:
  Literature Searching for Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine: Coping with Zero Hits Emma Place1* 1Subject Librarian | University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD *Corresponding Author (emma.place@bristol.ac.uk) Vol 1, Issue 4 (2016) Published: 2 Dec 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I4.77 Emma Place gives a talk on how it can be common to get zero or low numbers of hits for a veterinary PICO search in bibliographic databases, particularly if results are screened for clinical trials...


id: ve01-81
title: ve01-81
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 160
sentence: 7
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-81.htm
txt: txt/ve01-81.txt
summary:
  Preliminary Evaluation of a Practice-Based EBVM Skills Development Program Ava Firth BS DVM MVS MANZCVS DACVECC MRCVS1 Ian Robertson BVSc, PhD, MACVSc2* 1Vets Now Support Office, Penguin House, Castle Riggs, Dunfermline, Fife, KY11 8SG 2Box Hill, Victoria 3128, Australia *Corresponding Author (dr.i.j.robertson@gmail.com) Whilst there is a small body of research that investigates the development of EBVM skills in veterinary undergraduates there is a paucity of research that aims to understand the development of EBVM skills in practice-based post-graduate veterinary surgeons.


id: ve01-56
title: ve01-56
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3821
sentence: 246
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-56.htm
txt: txt/ve01-56.txt
summary:
  Dogs who were steroid responsive had a higher CCECAI score than dogs who were food responsive. 22/23 dogs came for 2nd evaluation (other dog died of unrelated causes). 


id: ve01-358
title: ve01-358
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6586
sentence: 467
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-358.htm
txt: txt/ve01-358.txt
summary:
  But what actually defines quality care? It is easiest to describe quality care within the context of human medicine, as it is in this sector where the majority of the literature is based.


id: ve01-512
title: ve01-512
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7482
sentence: 313
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ve01-512.htm
txt: txt/ve01-512.txt
summary:
  The second theme determined how often respondents had discussed zoonotic diseases with clients during the past year (including veterinarian-initiated and client-initiated discussions), how many cases of zoonotic disease in animals had been diagnosed in the past 5 years, and how often clients had described themselves or a family member as being at higher risk of infection (e.g. immunocompromised, pregnant, elderly, or having children < 6 years old) and asked about zoonotic diseases during the past year. This theme also included respondents’ involvement with local and state public health agencies, including questions about how often they had contacted the local or state public health agency or the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD), Animal Industry Division (State Veterinarian’s Office) to discuss reportable zoonotic diseases in animals during the past year; a self-assessment of respondents’ knowledge of which diseases they were required by state law to report to the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS); knowledge of who to contact about a suspected case or outbreak of zoonotic disease; and whether and how public health agencies could better assist with issues involving zoonotic diseases.


id: ve01-399
title: ve01-399
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3639
sentence: 174
flesch: 34
cache: cache/ve01-399.htm
txt: txt/ve01-399.txt
summary:
  However, an inherent limitation of bone cytology is related to the rate of non-diagnostic specimens, which appears to be relatively low, but it should be taken into consideration and properly communicated to the owner. Study design: Diagnostic validity prospective study Outcome Studied: Sensitivity and specificity of FNA cytology for the diagnosis of canine osteosarcoma using histopathology as a gold standard Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): 4/36 (11.1%) specimens were non-diagnostic.


id: ve01-662
title: Thank you to our 2022 reviewers | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1086
sentence: 30
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-662.htm
txt: txt/ve01-662.txt
summary:
  On a more positive note it has been another busy and productive year for Veterinary Evidence as we strive to continually improve the journal whether you are a reader, author or reviewer. I would like to take the opportunity to thank Dan for all his hard work for Veterinary Evidence initiating a number of projects that have come to fruition through the year and to welcome Bridget back.


id: ve01-527
title: ve01-527
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4985
sentence: 274
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-527.htm
txt: txt/ve01-527.txt
summary:
  While repeated measurement analysis of PVF values was performed to determine the statistical significance of treatment effects and the effect of time within treatment, only descriptive analyses (i.e. numerical PVF mean values ± SD) were provided for the change in PVF, and no further statistical analyses were reported in both studies (Kwananocha et al., 2016; and Vijarnsorn et al., 2019). There were no statistical differences between treatment groups at week 2 and week 4 post-treatment for either study.


id: ve01-85
title: ve01-85
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 108
sentence: 8
flesch: 63
cache: cache/ve01-85.htm
txt: txt/ve01-85.txt
summary:
  Introduction to Statistics Mirjam Nielen DVM PhD dipl. This talk will give an overview of basic statistical principles and focus on the why of statistics, rather than on the how.


id: ve01-352
title: ve01-352
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2933
sentence: 135
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-352.htm
txt: txt/ve01-352.txt
summary:
  There are a number of management options for horse owners to try, none of which are resoundingly successful and provide individual levels of relief (Mills et al., 2002). Median remission times appear to be longer with repeated treatment of EquiPENS™ compared to electroacupuncture Conclusion The evidence for EquiPENS™ treatment is more robust than for electroacupuncture, and remission defined more clearly, and so could be recommended with greater confidence   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.


id: ve01-89
title: ve01-89
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 160
sentence: 6
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-89.htm
txt: txt/ve01-89.txt
summary:
  This talk will look at difficulties for RVNs working in private practice gaining access to sufficient papers and studies in order to provide the evidence we need, and also looking at the selection of appropriate topics. Challenges of EBVM as a RVN in a Practice Setting Louise O'Dwyer MBA BSc(Hons) VTS(ECC) DipAVN(Med & Surg) RVN 1* 1Vets Now, Penguin House, Castle Riggs, Dunfermline, Fife *Corresponding Author (louise.odwyer@vets-now.com)


id: ve01-626
title: ve01-626
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 276
sentence: 14
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-626.htm
txt: txt/ve01-626.txt
summary:
  Erratum to: Should we prescribe oral metronidazole or probiotics for acute gastroenteritis in dogs? Emily Moore DVM1* Wanda J Gordon-Evans DVM PhD DACVS DACVSMR2 1Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA 2University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA *Corresponding Author (moor1662@umn.edu) Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.


id: ve01-608
title: ve01-608
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4549
sentence: 246
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-608.htm
txt: txt/ve01-608.txt
summary:
  Visual inspection of the airway was performed endoscopically before and after airway device placement. Number of attempts and time of airway device placement.


id: ve01-585
title: ve01-585
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5330
sentence: 230
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-585.htm
txt: txt/ve01-585.txt
summary:
  As dog owners and family members return to their place of work and other external activities, veterinarians are receiving more enquiries on how to reduce canine anxiety when dogs are left at home, alone. The percentage of owner departures that failed to elicit any SA behaviour was significantly greater for fluoxetine treated dogs than for the control group at week 3 (P = 0.040) and 4 (P = 0.048).


id: ve01-79
title: ve01-79
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 99
sentence: 6
flesch: 57
cache: cache/ve01-79.htm
txt: txt/ve01-79.txt
summary:
  Rachel's talk explores how relevance is possibly more important than quality as even the best evidence cannot be used if it can't be applied to veterinary practice... Find out more about Rachel.  Vol 1, Issue 4 (2016) Published: 8 Dec 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I4.79 To be able to practice evidence-based veterinary medicine, clinicians need high quality relevant evidence to integrate with their clinical decision making.


id: ve01-508
title: ve01-508
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6599
sentence: 380
flesch: 55
cache: cache/ve01-508.htm
txt: txt/ve01-508.txt
summary:
  Chu et al. (2020) compared the completeness of excision (histologically free of tumour margins) after conservative surgical excision (excision with lateral margins equal to or smaller than 2 cm) and wide surgical excision (3 cm lateral margins) and showed a similar percentage of histologically free margins in both groups (93% and 92%, respectively). Intervention details: Surgical margins: 2–3 cm lateral margins and one fascial plane as deep margin.


id: ve01-95
title: ve01-95
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 111
sentence: 7
flesch: 59
cache: cache/ve01-95.htm
txt: txt/ve01-95.txt
summary:
  Embedding EBVM into Practice Bradley Viner BVetMed MSc(VetGP) Vol 2, Issue 1 (2017) Published: 23 Jan 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I1.95 Embracing EBVM as a concept is an important first step, but is of little value unless it is translated into an improvement in patient care.


id: ve01-578
title: ve01-578
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6632
sentence: 316
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-578.htm
txt: txt/ve01-578.txt
summary:
  An assessment of client and clinician satisfaction in veterinary teleconsultation compared to in-person consultations a Knowledge Summary by Maxim Bembinov Student 1 Narakhanti Soenardi Student 1* 1The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA *Corresponding Author (nsoenardi18@rvc.ac.uk) Furthermore, the current applicability of veterinary teleconsultation is still very limited to certain select scenarios in which it is appropriate (e.g., emergency, triage, remote locations, non-complicated routine postoperative checks, nutrition and behavioural consults)   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.


id: ve01-98
title: ve01-98
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 120
sentence: 6
flesch: 56
cache: cache/ve01-98.htm
txt: txt/ve01-98.txt
summary:
  Learning from Our Mistakes Pam Mosedale BVetMed MRCVS1* 1Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, Belgravia House, 62-64 Horseferry Road, London, SW1P 2AF *Corresponding Author (p.mosedale@rcvs.org.uk) This is a podcast of Pam's talk at the Veterinary Evidence Today conference, Edinburgh November 1, 2016.


id: ve01-537
title: ve01-537
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8688
sentence: 500
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-537.htm
txt: txt/ve01-537.txt
summary:
  You suggest that measurement of blood lactate concentration may help answer this question. For dogs arriving alive, blood lactate concentration at presentation was not associated with likelihood of surgery.


id: ve01-563
title: ve01-563
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8043
sentence: 411
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-563.htm
txt: txt/ve01-563.txt
summary:
  A comparison of supraglottic airway devices versus endotracheal intubation for use in rabbit anaesthesia a Knowledge Summary by Sarah Daphne Foo BA BVBiol 1* 1Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Head Office JD Stewart Building University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia *Corresponding Author (sfoo8590@uni.sydney.edu.au) Next review date: 30 Dec 2023 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V7I3.563 PICO question In domestic rabbits undergoing anaesthesia, how does the use of supraglottic airway devices compare to endotracheal intubation for ease of use in achieving a patent airway and maintaining a stable anaesthesia?  


id: ve01-51
title: ve01-51
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1865
sentence: 68
flesch: 44
cache: cache/ve01-51.htm
txt: txt/ve01-51.txt
summary:
  The evidence The majority of the literature found was author narrative or looking at the current attitudes and habits that veterinary surgeons have regarding surgical hand preparation. Using shuffled cards the participants were assigned 4 of the possible 12 combinations Study design: Prospective randomised controlled Outcome Studied: To compare the antibacterial efficacy of different surgical hand antisepsis protocols used by veterinary students both at the recommended and at extended contact times Antibacterial efficacy was assessed before surgical hand preparation, after surgical hand preparation and at the end of surgery.


id: ve01-509
title: ve01-509
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6360
sentence: 350
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-509.htm
txt: txt/ve01-509.txt
summary:
  Lastly, two studies evaluated the number of breedings per conception, while insignificant, both found that hCG treatment required more breedings per conception than GnRH treatments (Garverick et al., 1976; and Elmore et al., 1975). More cattle positively responded to hCG treatment (9/10, 90%) than GnRH treatment (8/10, 80%).


id: ve01-663
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 528
sentence: 22
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-663.htm
txt: txt/ve01-663.txt
title:
  Erratum to: Does the use of supraglottic device in rabbits cause less injury than other airway management devices? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Intellectual Property Rights Authors of Knowledge Summaries submitted to RCVS Knowledge for publication will retain copyright in their work, and will be required to grant to RCVS Knowledge a non-exclusive licence to publish including but not limited to the right to publish, re-publish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use the materials in all languages and all media throughout the world, and to licence or permit others to do so. Erratum to: Does the use of supraglottic device in rabbits cause less injury than other airway management devices?


id: ve01-582
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7489
sentence: 482
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ve01-582.htm
txt: txt/ve01-582.txt
title:
  In horses undergoing volatile anaesthesia, is recovery quality superior with sevoflurane compared to isoflurane? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Two studies reported no difference in recovery quality when using sevoflurane versus isoflurane (Brosnan et al., 2012; and Read et al., 2002), while the other two suggested that sevoflurane recovery quality was superior (Grosenbaugh & Muir, 1998; and Matthews et al., 1998). In horses undergoing volatile anaesthesia, is recovery quality superior with sevoflurane compared to isoflurane?


id: ve01-483
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 9371
sentence: 446
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-483.htm
txt: txt/ve01-483.txt
title:
  Is radiography or ultrasonography superior at detecting intestinal obstructions in dogs with acute abdominal signs? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  So out of the total 20 dogs: eight had small intestinal mechanical obstructions, 12 did not have an obstruction. Sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of small intestinal obstruction using CT was 95.8% and 80.6% respectively. And they concluded ‘abdominal ultrasound was more accurate, with fewer equivocal results and provided greater diagnostic confidence compared with radiography, in small intestinal foreign body mechanical obstruction’.


id: ve01-598
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6821
sentence: 372
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-598.htm
txt: txt/ve01-598.txt
title:
  In dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis, how safe and effective is long-term treatment with bedinvetmab in providing analgesia? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Blinding: Owners and all study personnel were blinded to group assignment, apart from the treatment dispenser at each test site, who was responsible for preparation and administration of study treatment. Interpretation of this difference was confounded by 7 days of bedinvetmab treatment preceding this second score.


id: ve01-588
title: ve01-588
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 249
sentence: 8
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-588.htm
txt: txt/ve01-588.txt
summary:
  Intellectual Property Rights Authors of Knowledge Summaries submitted to RCVS Knowledge for publication will retain copyright in their work, and will be required to grant to RCVS Knowledge a non-exclusive licence of the rights of copyright in the materials including but not limited to the right to publish, re-publish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use the materials in all languages and all media throughout the world, and to licence or permit others to do so. Within the Appraisal, application and reflection section the dosage of dexmedetomidine as a bolus changed from: dexmedetomidine as a bolus of 3–8 mcg/kg IV followed by a CRI of 75 mcg/kg/hour (Marcilla et al., 2012; and Risberg et al., 2016)


id: ve01-60
title: ve01-60
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 115
sentence: 5
flesch: 65
cache: cache/ve01-60.htm
txt: txt/ve01-60.txt
summary:
  Bracy Clark hoof model c1820 by rcvsknowledge on Sketchfab Bracy Clark's Horse Hoof Clare Boulton RCVS Knowledge | Head of Library and Information Service Vol 1, Issue 3 (2016) Published: 29 Sep 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I3.60 During the recent reordering of the RCVS headquarters a 6 inch square box was found containing a cardboard model and a folded piece of paper. 


id: ve01-627
title: ve01-627
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 652
sentence: 20
flesch: 37
cache: cache/ve01-627.htm
txt: txt/ve01-627.txt
summary:
  8% (1,197 /3,541) complete response / resolutions of clinical signs after follow-up appointment or email 5% (938/3,541) expected response to treatment (complete resolution of signs not expected in these cases most requiring chronic ongoing medication e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for chronic osteoarthritis, or anti-pruritic for atopic dermatitis) 33.8% (1,197 /3,541) complete response / resolutions of clinical signs after follow-up appointment or email 26.5% (938/3,541) expected response to treatment (complete resolution of signs not expected in these cases most requiring chronic ongoing medication e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for chronic osteoarthritis, or anti-pruritic for atopic dermatitis)


id: ve01-80
title: ve01-80
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 174
sentence: 7
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-80.htm
txt: txt/ve01-80.txt
summary:
  Can Practice-Based Evidence Complement and Promote EBVM? Steve Budsberg DVM, BS, MS, DACVS1* David Church BVSc, PhD, MACVSc, MRCVS2 1University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, 2200 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States 2The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom *Corresponding Author (budsberg@uga.edu) Vol 1, Issue 4 (2016) Published: 15 Dec 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I4.80 Practice-based research should be performed in all practice settings if the results are to be applied to all practice settings. The development of such a system of data collection and dissemination has not developed very rapidly.


id: ve01-82
author: Allen, Sarah; Brodbelt, Dave; Slater, Josh; Verheyen, Kristien
title: Generating Evidence Through Practice-based Equine Health Surveillance
date: 2016-12-19
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 742
sentence: 41
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-82.pdf
txt: txt/ve01-82.txt
summary:
  GUIDING EVIDENCE-BASED EQUINE HEALTHCARE Aim: To create an efficient and sustainable practice-based system for equine health surveillance Objectives: At each care episode have the attending veterinary surgeon tag the patient record with the VeNom code that best describes the reason for examination Feedback study findings to support EBVM Analyse records to estimate frequency of, and identify risk factors for, common equine conditions Relevance: Electronic clinical records, from first-opinion veterinary practices, represent a valuable yet currently underused source of equine disease information. The results of routine disease surveillance can be used to: ● Underpin and direct evidence-based veterinary medicine in equine practice ● Improve the provision of equine healthcare through the more targeted training of veterinary professionals ● Identify priorities for equine research that are relevant to the diseases that affect a large number of UK horses By supporting these activities Equine VetCompass will improve the long-term health and welfare of the individual horse and the larger equine population.


id: ve01-602
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8374
sentence: 468
flesch: 51
cache: cache/ve01-602.htm
txt: txt/ve01-602.txt
title:
  Exploring the motivations, challenges, and barriers for implementing evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) in general practice | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Nearly everyone mentioned that the resource needed to be concise, as the main barrier to EBVM use in practice is time. Incorporating EBVM skills within clinical decision-making enables practitioners to be more efficient in their use of evidence-based practice (Sackett, 1997; Doig & Simpson, 2003; and Huntley et al., 2017) and helps to build trust with their clients (Hauser & Jackson, 2017).


id: ve01-71
author: Buckley, Louise; Lees, Josie
title: Go Slow Feeding Bowls: How Effective Are They at Getting Dogs to Eat More Slowly?
date: 2016-11-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1089
sentence: 55
flesch: 67
cache: cache/ve01-71.pdf
txt: txt/ve01-71.txt
summary:
  Go slow feeding bowls: how effective are they are getting dogs to eat more slowly? TF9 2JW †Corresponding author: lbuckley@harper-adams.ac.uk Tel: 01952 815147 Go slow feeding bowls: how effective are they are getting dogs to eat more slowly?


id: ve01-573
title: ve01-573
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3681
sentence: 178
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-573.htm
txt: txt/ve01-573.txt
summary:
  Investigators and owners were blind to cat treatment condition (i.e., clomipramine vs placebo). Next review date: 11 Dec 2023 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V7I2.573 PICO question In cats with psychogenic alopecia, is overgrooming reduced by the use of clomipramine compared to untreated cats?  


id: ve01-54
title: ve01-54
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4819
sentence: 235
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-54.htm
txt: txt/ve01-54.txt
summary:
  The case of veterinary interprofessional practice: From one health to a world of its own. This study formed part of a larger study including the aforementioned SNA research (Kinnison et al. 2015b; Kinnison et al. 2015c), and triangulation of the SNA results and case study results identified various factors of veterinary practice systems which were facilitators or challenges to interprofessional working. Facilitators to veterinary interprofessional working included: trust and value, hierarchy, professionalisation and accountability, different perspectives and formal infrastructure.


id: ve01-632
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7158
sentence: 415
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-632.htm
txt: txt/ve01-632.txt
title:
  Ultrasonographic detection of cranial cruciate ligament pathology in canine stifles without craniocaudal instability | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Ultrasonographic detection of cranial cruciate ligament pathology in canine stifles without craniocaudal instability | Veterinary Evidence Skip to main content ARTICLE Keywords: MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND; SPORTS MEDICINE; CRANIAL CRUCIATE LIGAMENT; ORTHOPAEDICS; ARTHROSCOPY; DOG; ARTHROTOMY; ARTHROSCOPY Ultrasonographic detection of cranial cruciate ligament pathology in canine stifles without craniocaudal instability Helen Tsoi, DVM1* Debra A. Canapp, DVM MS CCRT CVA DACVSMR1 Sherman O. Canapp Jr., DVM MS CCRT DACVS


id: ve01-66
title: ve01-66
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 863
sentence: 34
flesch: 60
cache: cache/ve01-66.htm
txt: txt/ve01-66.txt
summary:
  The gap between the PVC flooring and cage bottom allows air to circulate and ventilate the cage. Photo 1: Hospital cage showing raised net-bottom insert We also converted plastic carrier cages for use when transporting pelagic bird.


id: ve01-67
title: ve01-67
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7351
sentence: 325
flesch: 58
cache: cache/ve01-67.htm
txt: txt/ve01-67.txt
summary:
  Behavioural outcome measures: REF: At the start (T1), anxious dogs had significantly higher REF scores than non-anxious dogs (Mann-Whitney U Test, P < 0.001). The figure associated with this outcome measure suggests that anxious dogs fed both the control and experiment diets always scored higher than non-anxious dogs fed either diet.


id: ve01-383
title: ve01-383
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 9132
sentence: 573
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-383.htm
txt: txt/ve01-383.txt
summary:
  The survey questions covered: preferred QI terminology; actual and desired time spent on QI activities; use of RCVS Knowledge QI tools; QI training; impact of QI on their practice and veterinary care more widely; barriers and challenges in engaging with QI; who is responsible for driving QI; what support is needed to be involved in QI; and awareness, understanding and views of the RCVS Code of Professional Conduct, and the PSS. The survey explored which RCVS Knowledge QI tools were used by the survey participants over the past 6 months which is when they were launched.


id: ve01-87
title: ve01-87
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4124
sentence: 288
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-87.htm
txt: txt/ve01-87.txt
summary:
  Short-term survival was 29% (2) for non-surgical non-invasive patients, 77% (20) for non-surgical invasive patients, and 92% (12) for surgical patients. Long-term survival was 29% (two) for non-surgical non-invasive patients, 71% (17) for non-surgical invasive patients, and 70% (7) for surgical patients.


id: ve01-561
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7665
sentence: 365
flesch: 43
cache: cache/ve01-561.htm
txt: txt/ve01-561.txt
title:
  Prognostic value of haematological indices in sea turtles presenting for cold-stunning (sustained hypothermia) | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Areas identified for potential research include, but are not limited to, further characterisation of the metabolic processes affected by the speed of rewarming and optimisation to prevent exacerbation of the acidotic state in cold-stunned turtles, description of baseline thyroid activity in healthy sea turtles, implementation of thyroid supplementation in turtles showing reduced activity and / or hyporexia while in rehabilitation, evaluation of serial lactate values across sea turtle species presenting for rehabilitation, and comparative study of blood, gross pathological, and histopathological findings in sea turtles that succumb to cold-stunning. Prognostic value of haematological indices in sea turtles presenting for cold-stunning (sustained hypothermia) | Veterinary Evidence Skip to main content KNOWLEDGE SUMMARY Keywords: SEA TURTLE; BLOOD; HAEMATOLOGY; BIOCHEMISTRY; COLD-STUNNING; COLD-STUN; ACIDOSIS Prognostic value of haematological indices in sea turtles presenting for cold-stunning (sustained hypothermia) McCaide Wooten, DVM MPVM1* 1 UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, 1 Garrod Dr., Davis, CA 95616, USA *


id: ve01-75
title: ve01-75
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 79
sentence: 3
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-75.htm
txt: txt/ve01-75.txt
summary:
  Using Evidence: Pitfalls, Practicalities and Positive Benefits Gillian Leng CBE1* 1National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 10 Spring Gardens, London, SW1A 2BU *Corresponding Author (nice@nice.org.uk) Vol 1, Issue 4 (2016) Published: 1 Dec 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I4.75 This talk will illustrate the highs and lows of using evidence in the healthcare setting, drawing on experience from the National Institue for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) relevant to veterinary medicine... Find out more about Gill.


id: ve01-57
title: ve01-57
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4006
sentence: 153
flesch: 61
cache: cache/ve01-57.htm
txt: txt/ve01-57.txt
summary:
  Of the two studies, the Pipan et al. (2012) provides the more impressive sample size for GDV dogs (n = 1114), compared with the Glickman et al. study (n = 98). However, it is pertinent to observe that neither study identified feeding dogs from the floor as a risk factor for GDV.


id: ve01-96
title: ve01-96
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3449
sentence: 147
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-96.htm
txt: txt/ve01-96.txt
summary:
  Clinical bottom line  There is weak evidence, due to insufficient studies with untreated control groups, regarding the impact on survival of prednisolone treatment in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Across all grades of lymphoma (including some T cell lymphoma dogs) treatment with prednisolone alone increased the risk of death but this increase was only significant when compared to chemotherapy treatment with or without hydroxydaunorubicin and not when compared to the no treatment group. 


id: ve01-83
author: Charalambous, Marios
date: 2016-12-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 813
sentence: 32
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-83.pdf
txt: txt/ve01-83.txt
title:
  Antiepileptic Drugs’ Tolerability and Safety – a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Adverse Effects in Dogs

summary:
  Table 1: Criteria for evaluation of AEDs’ safety profile Proportion of specific adverse effects for each AED Prevalence and 95 % confidence interval of the affected population in each study Comparative odds ratio of adverse effects for AEDs Level of evidence provided for the safety profile of each AED Calculated for each AED by dividing the number of studies that reported a specific adverse effect by the total number of the studies for this AED. Although phenobarbital might be less safe than imepitoin and levetiracetam, there was insufficient evidence to classify it as an AED with a high risk of major adverse effects.


id: ve01-92
title: ve01-92
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7403
sentence: 381
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-92.htm
txt: txt/ve01-92.txt
summary:
  Background: Even though there have been publications describing characteristics of the normal and injured Achilles tendon by diagnostic ultrasound, there has been no previous in-depth ultrasonic evaluation and characterisation of Achilles tendon strains. On physical examination, it was suspected that Achilles tendon was injured unilaterally 79.1% of the cases (n = 34/43, 13 right, 21 left) and bilaterally in 20.9 % of the cases (n=9/43).


id: ve01-69
title: ve01-69
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 118
sentence: 7
flesch: 59
cache: cache/ve01-69.htm
txt: txt/ve01-69.txt
summary:
  Mistakes, Errors and Foul-Ups: Practice-Based Evidence for Evidence Based Practice Mark Turner MRes Student1 1The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom *Corresponding Author (mturner@rvc.ac.uk) It is founded upon those elements of good medical practice which help avoid or mitigate human error...


id: ve01-99
title: ve01-99
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3607
sentence: 199
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-99.htm
txt: txt/ve01-99.txt
summary:
  Single layer, simple continuous suture pattern for closure of abdominal incisions.  Factors other than suture pattern are likely to affect healing of the linea alba post-coeliotomy, including (but not limited to) patient variables such as age and co-morbid disease, indication for surgery and surgical technique.


id: ve01-587
title: Full text template title | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3066
sentence: 158
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-587.htm
txt: txt/ve01-587.txt
summary:
  Scrotal castration versus pre-scrotal castration in dogs. Duration of surgery was timed for the 18 dogs that underwent pre-scrotal castration procedures as well as for 18 dogs from the original 400 that underwent scrotal castration.


id: ve01-562
title: ve01-562
extension: .htm
mime: text/plain
words: 1096
sentence: 21
flesch: 41
cache: cache/ve01-562.htm
txt: txt/ve01-562.txt
summary:
  Published papers have covered an amazing range of different topics, illustrating not just the wide diversity of questions that are being answered, but the depth and breadth of the team of reviewers that give their time to extend veterinary knowledge, supported by a dedicated group of assistant editors and staff at the journal who coordinate activity, ensure standards, and continue to develop the journal.</p> <p>As a journal, <em>Veterinary Evidence</em> is maturing with two of the main focuses this year being to further develop our internal journal systems ― which has allowed us to apply for membership of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) ― and work towards improving the discoverability and accessibility of our published papers. Other key areas have included developing our policy on standard terminology, looking at the best ways to ensure Knowledge Summaries remain current and working towards making editorial decisions as consistent as possible.</p> <p>And finally&hellip; a huge thank you to everyone who works for and supports <em>Veterinary Evidence</em>, wishing you all a safe and productive 2022.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Kit Sturgess</p> <p>Editor-in-Chief</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>


id: ve01-513
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7616
sentence: 428
flesch: 46
cache: cache/ve01-513.htm
txt: txt/ve01-513.txt
title:
  In dogs with snakebites does the use of antimicrobials compared to no antimicrobials reduce incidence of wound infection? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Small sample size of antibiotic treated dogs reduced statistical power. Many dogs in the study presented to the hospital only for antivenom treatment; thus, the possibility of follow-up and assessment of prognosis was limited.


id: ve01-58
title: ve01-58
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3582
sentence: 218
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-58.htm
txt: txt/ve01-58.txt
summary:
  In humans, the brain regions that are highly sensitive to develop seizures include temporal lobe structures such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the piriform cortex (Aroniadou-Anderjaska et al., 2008). Pathophysiological mechanisms in this state include: 1) altered neuronal membrane function, such as increased permeability, which may occur due to hypoxia or inflammation, 2) decreased inhibitory or increased excitatory neurotransmission mediated, primarily, by gamma-aminobutirric-acid A (GABAA) and glutamate respectively, 3) alteration in number, balance, sensitivity or function of the receptors, such as GABAA or glutamate receptors, and 4) changes in extracellular ions concentration, such as potassium and calcium ions (Boothe, 2001, Aroniadou-Anderjaska et al., 2008, Armijo et al., 2002).


id: ve01-84
title: ve01-84
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 129
sentence: 7
flesch: 58
cache: cache/ve01-84.htm
txt: txt/ve01-84.txt
summary:
  In this session, Dr Mellanby will discuss the valuable contribution that practice-based veterinary surgeons and veterinary nurses can make to the future of veterinary knowledge. Undertaking Research as a Practice-Based Vet/RVN Richard Mellanby BSc, BVMS, PhD, DSAM, DipECVIM-CA, MRCVS1* 1The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG *Corresponding Author (Richard.Mellanby@ed.ac.uk)


id: ve01-88
title: ve01-88
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1319
sentence: 54
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-88.htm
txt: txt/ve01-88.txt
summary:
  The evidence No published research evidence currently exists regarding the influence of complete raw diets on dental health in dogs. The authors therefore recommend original research into dental health and complete raw feeding is undertaken.


id: ve01-70
title: ve01-70
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 110
sentence: 6
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-70.htm
txt: txt/ve01-70.txt
summary:
  Building a Business Case for EBVM Elizabeth L. Jackson BAg (Hons) MBA PhD SFHEA1 Sarah Hauser BSc (Hons) MPA MPP1* 1Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College St, London, NW1 0TU *Corresponding Author (shauser@rvc.ac.uk) Vol 1, Issue 4 (2016) Published: 24 Nov 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I4.70 The clinical benefits of EBVM are clear however the business case for EBVM requires development.


id: ve01-599
title: ve01-599
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3715
sentence: 238
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-599.htm
txt: txt/ve01-599.txt
summary:
  Fluid therapy in endocrine and metabolic disorders. In: DiBartola, S.P., (Ed.), Fluid therapy in small animal practice.


id: ve01-612
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3062
sentence: 184
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-612.htm
txt: txt/ve01-612.txt
title:
  In canine cranial cruciate ligament disease, are conservative treatment and lateral fabellotibial suture recoveries comparable? | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Corresponding author email: tafara@surgivetconsultancy.co.za Vol 8, Issue 2 (2023) Submitted 15 Apr 2022; Published: 31 May 2023; next review: 20 Sep 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v8i2.612 PICO question In dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease, is conservative non-surgical treatment as effective as surgical treatment with the lateral fabellotibial suture technique in reducing time to recovery? Although participation in the initiative is limited to dog owners and practitioners registered and performing cruciate surgery in the UK, results from data collected can, hopefully, be extrapolated to any heterogenous population of dogs worldwide.


id: ve01-53
title: ve01-53
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6595
sentence: 257
flesch: 59
cache: cache/ve01-53.htm
txt: txt/ve01-53.txt
summary:
  Control dog owners were asked to provide current data for speed of eating; GDV dog owners were asked to provide speed of eating data that pertained to when the dog had its first episode of GDV. There was no attempt to match control dogs and GDV dogs across other dimensions that may have been relevant (e.g. breed, size, and / or age).


id: ve01-564
title: Full text template title | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6015
sentence: 329
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-564.htm
txt: txt/ve01-564.txt
summary:
  Treatment group mean lesion transverse size was significantly smaller than control at month 2 (3.5 mm, standard deviation (SD) = 0.9 mm vs 4.3 mm, SD = 1.9 mm; Lesion echogenicity (Pearson's chi-square test): Treatment vs control: Treatment group AT echogenicity scores significantly lower than control (P = 0.001); 18/23 (78.3%) of treatment lesion echogenicity scores were (0 or 1) compared to 0/6 (0%) for control.


id: ve01-553
title: ve01-553
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 11433
sentence: 503
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-553.htm
txt: txt/ve01-553.txt
summary:
  Veterinary video consultations are available 24/7. This can be examined in this clinical audit by detailing the percentage of veterinary video consultations that resulted in POM-V / POM prescriptions, which medications were prescribed, the common body system / disease categories (grouped by the veterinary nomenclature VeNOM codes within the clinical records) that resulted in prescriptions, and what the outcomes were for those treatments where follow-up was available.


id: ve01-603
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4238
sentence: 232
flesch: 54
cache: cache/ve01-603.htm
txt: txt/ve01-603.txt
title:
  Box rest and analgesia compared to arthroscopic debridement for lame horses with hindlimb subchondral lucencies | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Concurrent or sequential tibial subchondral cystic lesions in 4 horses with medial femoral condyle subchondral cystic lesions. Comparative results of 3 treatments for medial femoral condyle subchondral cystic lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses.


id: ve01-575
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4616
sentence: 208
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-575.htm
txt: txt/ve01-575.txt
title:
  Comparing clinical outcomes of dogs suffering from degenerative lumbosacral stenosis upon surgical or nonsurgical treatment | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Surgical treatment outcome was considered: Good in dogs which regained preoperative activity levels (as assessed by owner). Comparing clinical outcomes of dogs suffering from degenerative lumbosacral stenosis upon surgical or nonsurgical treatment | Veterinary Evidence Skip to main content KNOWLEDGE SUMMARY Keywords: DOGS; DEGENERATIVE LUMBOSACRAL STENOSIS; DORSAL LAMINECTOMY; EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION; CAUDA EQUINA; DISC DEGENERATION; TRANSARTICULAR FUSION; TRANSARTICULAR STABILISATION; CANINE DLSS;


id: ve01-581
title: ve01-581
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2873
sentence: 173
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-581.htm
txt: txt/ve01-581.txt
summary:
  All were retrospective cohort studies Strength of evidence Moderate Outcomes reported In one paper levetiracetam was found to reduce the risk of post-attenuation seizures. In the remaining three papers no difference was found between the frequency of post-attenuation seizures and the use of levetiracetam Conclusion That prophylactic levetiracetam is not indicated for the use of preventing post-attenuation seizures in dogs surgically treated for extrahepatic portosystemic shunts   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.


id: ve01-584
title: Immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: Are corticosteroids the best bet? | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4252
sentence: 256
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-584.htm
txt: txt/ve01-584.txt
summary:
  Standard deviation bars in the data concerning owner-perceived mobility do not overlap by day 90, suggesting a significant difference in owner-scored mobility between prednisone and cyclosporine-treated dogs at the end of the study period, with cyclosporine dogs showing potentially significantly worse mobility scores. Adverse effects data for cyclosporine dogs was reported for only five of the sample dogs by day 90.


id: ve01-93
title: ve01-93
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5745
sentence: 319
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-93.htm
txt: txt/ve01-93.txt
summary:
  Femoral neuropathy in a dog with iliopsoas muscle injury. The involvement of comorbidities is an important one to consider with evaluation of muscle strain injuries, especially of the iliopsoas muscle group.


id: ve01-8
title: ve01-8
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 11627
sentence: 549
flesch: 42
cache: cache/ve01-8.htm
txt: txt/ve01-8.txt
summary:
  Objective: To identify clinical characteristics and inheritance of idiopathic epilepsy in Vizslas Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Idiopathic epilepsy in Vizslas appears to be primarily a partial onset seizure disorder that may be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait Limitations: Overall high risk of bias related to the study design. Pedigree Analysis Outcome Studied: Objective: To investigate clinical and genetic icharacteristics of idiopathic epilepsy in the Bernesemountain dog Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Idiopathic epilepsy has a polygenic, recessive mode of inheritance in the Bernese mountain dog.


id: ve01-63
title: ve01-63
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8365
sentence: 315
flesch: 61
cache: cache/ve01-63.htm
txt: txt/ve01-63.txt
summary:
  Those designed to evaluate the dog in the 8 hours preceding the GDV episode (GDV dogs) or telephone interview (case- dogs) Owners were requested to complete the answer by providing data for the dog that applied at the time of the first GDV episode (GDV dogs) or current data (control dogs).


id: ve01-97
title: ve01-97
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7141
sentence: 274
flesch: 48
cache: cache/ve01-97.htm
txt: txt/ve01-97.txt
summary:
  The interview guide (available as a supplementary file), the information sheet about the project and the consent form to be signed by research participants was scrutinised and approved by the Royal Veterinary College’s Clinical Research Ethical Review Board (Approval #2015 1457). Satisfaction was a key word often used: “I think, in terms of job satisfaction, you get a lot more out of it because you don’t feel like you’ve gone to work and winged it…You feel like you’re …doing clinical research, you feel like you’re contributing to the wider port of knowledge.


id: ve01-59
title: ve01-59
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4286
sentence: 110
flesch: 24
cache: cache/ve01-59.htm
txt: txt/ve01-59.txt
summary:
  No direct statistical comparison of pain scores, rectal temperature or surgical duration was reported for the laparoscopic ovariectomy and open surgery groups so differences can only be tentatively suggested No reporting of confidence intervals, so precision of effect is unknown Two major sources of bias within the study result from no random assignment of animals to surgical groups and the subjective nature of pain scoring performed by two assessors Unclear if pain assessors were blinded - therefore means a large source of bias is possible Both randomly assigned animals to surgical groups using computer generated or statistical methods, and sample sizes were appropriate for analysis.


id: ve01-91
title: ve01-91
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 179
sentence: 7
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-91.htm
txt: txt/ve01-91.txt
summary:
  Don’t Be Afraid to Ask the Question: A Simple Guide for Veterinary Nurses to Conducting Evidence-Based Research in Clinical Practice Sue Badger MEd Cert Ed RVN1 Andrea Jeffery DipAVN(Surgical) RVN1* 1University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TH *Corresponding Author (andrea.jeffery@bristol.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 1 (2017) Published: 13 Jan 2016 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I1.91


id: ve01-550
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 10751
sentence: 453
flesch: 49
cache: cache/ve01-550.htm
txt: txt/ve01-550.txt
title:
  The efficacy of trazodone in reducing stress related behaviours in hospitalised dogs or dogs confined postsurgery | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Given that all three studies are weakened by various limitations and confounding factors, further studies are required to provide conclusive evidence, utilising a larger sample size, standardised measurement and assessment tools strengthened by evidence surrounding dog behaviour such as the assessment tool utilised by Gilbert-Gregory et al. There was potential for selection bias to have impacted which dogs were chosen for either treatment or control group based on their initial behaviour as this was not randomised and treatment dogs were chosen on the basis of their perceived level of stress in hospital.


id: ve01-569
title: ve01-569
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5301
sentence: 262
flesch: 50
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txt: txt/ve01-569.txt
summary:
  Concurrent illnesses: Dogs that had concurrent allergic conditions and systemic and / or cutaneous diseases were noted, including their response to lokivetmab treatment. An additional study was evaluated because it included some comparison between lokivetmab and oclacitinib treatment using PVAS, but this was a before-and-after study where oclacitinib was assessed before lokivetmab treatment (Souza et al., 2018).


id: ve01-55
title: ve01-55
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5561
sentence: 307
flesch: 50
cache: cache/ve01-55.htm
txt: txt/ve01-55.txt
summary:
  One of the main weaknesses with the evidence presented here is the use of experimental cats, as their use limits extrapolation of results to field-infected free-living cats. Which Antibacterial Agent Performs Best for the Treatment and Clearance of Chlamydophila Felis Infection in Cats? a Knowledge Summary by David Mills MA, VetMB, CertAVP(VC), MRCVS1*


id: ve01-94
title: ve01-94
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1895
sentence: 96
flesch: 47
cache: cache/ve01-94.htm
txt: txt/ve01-94.txt
summary:
  Question In dogs with traumatic brain injury, does hypertonic saline, compared to lactated Ringer’s solution, reduce intracranial pressure? Clinical scenario A three year old 15kg male entire Terrier cross is brought in after running into the road and colliding with a car. Would treatment with hypertonic saline be beneficial for this dog?


id: ve01-9
title: ve01-9
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 9753
sentence: 593
flesch: 52
cache: cache/ve01-9.htm
txt: txt/ve01-9.txt
summary:
  Varshney (2007) Population: Dogs with idiopathic epilepsy seizures (insufficient level of confidence) and head tremors. The dog is normal between the episodes; idiopathic epilepsy is suspected.


id: ve01-604
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 12808
sentence: 532
flesch: 53
cache: cache/ve01-604.htm
txt: txt/ve01-604.txt
title:
  Impacts of Schmallenberg virus infection in early lambing sheep flocks following the second wave of virus circulation in South West England in 2012/2013: a mixed-methods descriptive study | Veterinary Evidence

summary:
  Five farmers (A–D and E) reported that higher levels of lambing assistance were required to deliver SBV affected lambs; these observations were supported by farm records for four flocks (A, B, D and E). Commonly reported signs in SBV affected lambs, observed by at least five of the six farmers, were: arthrogryposis, torticollis, brachygnathia, deformed skulls and stillbirths (Figure 1); less commonly reported, by three or fewer farmers, were kyphosis/scoliosis, and neurological signs including blindness, seizures and ‘dummy’ lambs; see Figure 2a and 2b, and video clips of neurological signs shown by two liveborn SBV-affected lambs in flock D provided as supplementary material (Clip 1 – Liveborn Schmallenberg affected lamb with seizures; Clip 2 – Liveborn Schmallenberg affected blind ‘dummy’ lamb).


id: ve01-653
title: Systematic reviews of animal studies – Report of an international symposium | Veterinary Evidence
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8233
sentence: 489
flesch: 40
cache: cache/ve01-653.htm
txt: txt/ve01-653.txt
summary:
  Pre-registration of animal systematic review protocols also encourages the pre-registration of primary animal study protocols.  Even Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine (CEVM) expert researchers experience difficulty determining what publications qualify as a systematic review for inclusion in VetSRev (Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine, 2021), a database that indexes veterinary systematic reviews identified from CAB Abstracts and MEDLINE.


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id: ve01-392
domain: www.rcvs.org.uk
url:
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id: ve01-484
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id: ve01-372
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url:
  https://www.bi-vetmedica.com/sites/default/files/dam/internet/ah/vetmedica/com_en/product_files/metacam/bivm-15129-metacam-injectable-dog-pi-v1.pdf


id: ve01-349
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url:
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url:
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pos: X
token:
  https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/news-and-events/news/complication-rates-of-neutering-revealed-in-national-audit/

lemma:
  https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/news-and-events/news/complication-rates-of-neutering-revealed-in-national-audit/


id: ve01-553
sid: 428
tid: 7
pos: PROPN
token:
  https://www.rcvs.org.uk/news-and-views/news/coronavirus-rcvs-council-temporarily-permits-vets-to-remotely/

lemma:
  https://www.rcvs.org.uk/news-and-views/news/coronavirus-rcvs-council-temporarily-permits-vets-to-remotely/


id: ve01-553
sid: 480
tid: 7
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/veterinary-medicines-pharmacovigilance-annual-review-2019-summary/veterinary-pharmacovigilance-in-the-uk-annual-review-2019-a-summary-of-veterinary-adverse-events

lemma:
  https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/veterinary-medicines-pharmacovigilance-annual-review-2019-summary/veterinary-pharmacovigilance-in-the-uk-annual-review-2019-a-summary-of-veterinary-adverse-event


id: ve01-653
sid: 395
tid: 4
pos: NOUN
token:
  https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/evidence-based-veterinary-medicine/veterinary-evidence/#knowledgesummaries

lemma:
  https://knowledge.rcvs.org.uk/evidence-based-veterinary-medicine/veterinary-evidence/#knowledgesummarie


