item: #1 of 259 id: ve01-10 author: None title: ve01-10 date: None words: 3696 flesch: 45 summary: While further study is still needed to assess the kinetic and kinematic effect of custom stifle orthotics, this study demonstrates that custom canine stifle orthotics allow for improved weight bearing on objective gait analysis and satisfaction in terms of function by validated client survey. While surgery is the gold standard treatment for treating cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency, this study showed that custom stifle orthotics can still help improve overall function. keywords: days; dogs; knee; ligament; limb; orthotics; patients; stifle; study cache: ve01-10.htm plain text: ve01-10.txt item: #2 of 259 id: ve01-100 author: None title: ve01-100 date: None words: 189 flesch: 39 summary: While acknowledging minor differences, many pyramids list the following information sources for interventions in decreasing order of “validity”: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case control studies, case series and case reports. She proposes a new way to think about evidence from primary studies using the framework for classifying epidemiologic studies proposed by Pearce (2012) based on incident and prevalent cases. keywords: evidence cache: ve01-100.htm plain text: ve01-100.txt item: #3 of 259 id: ve01-101 author: None title: ve01-101 date: None words: 167 flesch: 49 summary: As we inexorably travel through the EBVM era, we must increasingly prioritise effective dissemination of evidence. This paper will use the VetCompass Programme at the Royal Veterinary College as a case study to explore a strategic dissemination plan and examine routes for effective dissemination. keywords: evidence cache: ve01-101.htm plain text: ve01-101.txt item: #4 of 259 id: ve01-102 author: None title: ve01-102 date: None words: 6733 flesch: 49 summary: The survey, comprised of 23 questions, aimed through a range of questions to: Define EBVM and get an insight into EBVM looks like in practice Outline the non-clinical benefits of EBVM including: improving relationships with clients, achieving a sense of pride in one’s work and employee engagement Outline the main barriers to wider implementation of EBVM: time and access Suggest ways of overcoming those barriers including more training opportunities and access to journal clubs. Most veterinary professionals either agree or strongly agree (83.4%) with the following statement: “EBVM gives me more confidence in clinical decision making”.[4] Most respondents agree (48.3%) or strongly agree (31.9%) with the statement: “I frequently share research and clinical experience with colleagues”.[5] Most respondents agree (43.5%) or strongly agree (25.8%) with the statement: “Practising EBVM provides me with an inspiring, intellectual challenge to my job as a vet”. keywords: ebvm; evidence; practise; respondents; statement; survey; veterinary cache: ve01-102.htm plain text: ve01-102.txt item: #5 of 259 id: ve01-103 author: None title: ve01-103 date: None words: 125 flesch: 31 summary: The Global Resource for Online Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Learning Kristen Reyher BSc(Florida), DVM(Cornell), PhD(UPEI), MRCVS1* 1University of Bristol, School of Veterinary Sciences, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH *Corresponding Author (kristen.reyher@bristol.ac.uk) To help make EBVM accessible to the veterinary profession worldwide, we assembled an extensive international team (the EBVM Learning Consortium) with a collective passion for delivering high-quality teaching of EBVM and developed an open access, online resource: ebvmlearning.org. keywords: ebvm cache: ve01-103.htm plain text: ve01-103.txt item: #6 of 259 id: ve01-104 author: None title: ve01-104 date: None words: 175 flesch: 55 summary: Collaboration as a Key Feature of Equine Evidence-Based Research: A Laminitis Case Study Claire Wylie BVM&S, MSc, PhD, MRCVS1 1Rossdales Equine Hospital, Beaufort Cottage Stables, High Street, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 8JS *Corresponding Author (claire.wylie@rossdales.com) Following generous funding from World Horse Welfare, we have produced a programme of work over the last eight years to improve the evidence base regarding the epidemiology of laminitis. keywords: evidence cache: ve01-104.htm plain text: ve01-104.txt item: #7 of 259 id: ve01-105 author: None title: ve01-105 date: None words: 2642 flesch: 47 summary: Famciclovir treated cats also had an increased goblet cell density Histological conjunctivitis score rate was increased significantly in famciclovir, versus placebo Famciclovir cats had a significant increase in body weight versus placebo FHV-1 DNA was shed less frequently in famciclovir treated cats (90% in treated versus 98% in placebo) and FHV-1 DNA was detected significantly less in treated cats, than placebo cats Limitations: Only 16 cats in the study, resulting in lower study power Food intake was not measured when assessing changes in body weight, presumptively assuming that weight change was due to clinical disease of FHV-1 Thomasy (2016) There was confounding variables in some of the studies that may have impacted on clinical improvements attributed to famciclovir treatment.  keywords: cats; days; disease; dose; famciclovir; signs; treatment cache: ve01-105.htm plain text: ve01-105.txt item: #8 of 259 id: ve01-106 author: None title: ve01-106 date: None words: 114 flesch: 40 summary: Vol 2, Issue 1 (2017) Published: 28 Mar 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I1.106 No evidence-based treatment guidelines exist for any ophthalmic conditions of dogs and there is limited published evidence supporting treatments of feline herpes viral keratitis (FHVK). The aim of this study was to document current treatment patterns of canine prolapsed nictitans (PN) and FHVK through the use of a vignette-based survey administered to general practitioner (GP) and ophthalmic specialist (SP) veterinarians. keywords: treatment cache: ve01-106.htm plain text: ve01-106.txt item: #9 of 259 id: ve01-108 author: None title: ve01-108 date: None words: 182 flesch: 53 summary: The Use of an Evidence Based Practice Approach to Promote Active Student Engagement and Life - Long Learning in an Online Graduate Certificate Emma O'Neill BSC, BVSC, PhD1* 1University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin *Corresponding Author (emma.oneill@ucd.ie) Teaching strategies that engender a deep approach to learning by promoting active student engagement are key to these aims. keywords: learning cache: ve01-108.htm plain text: ve01-108.txt item: #10 of 259 id: ve01-109 author: None title: ve01-109 date: None words: 809 flesch: 48 summary: Newton, J. R., Verheyen, K., Talbot, N. C., Timoney, J. F., Wood, J. L. N., Lakhani, K. H. and Chanter, N. (2000), Control of strangles outbreaks by isolation of guttural pouch carriers identified using PCR and culture of Streptococcus equi. http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516400777584721 Verheyen, K., Newton, J. R., Talbot, N. C., Brauwere, M. N. D. and Chanter, N. (2000), Elimination of guttural pouch infection and inflammation in asymptomatic carriers of Streptococcus equi. keywords: catheter; gel; pouch cache: ve01-109.htm plain text: ve01-109.txt item: #11 of 259 id: ve01-110 author: None title: ve01-110 date: None words: 274 flesch: 41 summary: It is a rapidly expanding network of veterinary practices, with whom we are working to establish methods for running prospective, pragmatic, practical clinical trials in veterinary practice. Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 26 Apr 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.110 Including current published evidence is vital as part of evidence-based decision making in veterinary practice. keywords: trials cache: ve01-110.htm plain text: ve01-110.txt item: #12 of 259 id: ve01-111 author: None title: ve01-111 date: None words: 4167 flesch: 56 summary: The overall clinical improvement rate was 86.8% (herd range 61.5% - 100.0%) for IE treatment and 47.9% (herd range 17.7% - 85.2%) for the CTC spray. Other risk factors are floor type, access to pasture and hoof trimming interval (Holzhauer et al., 2006; Somers et al., 2005a; Somers et al., 2005b). keywords: ctc; dairy; et al; improvement; lesions; spray; treatment cache: ve01-111.htm plain text: ve01-111.txt item: #13 of 259 id: ve01-112 author: None title: ve01-112 date: None words: 85 flesch: 48 summary: Putting the Horse Before the Cart: the Ethical Case for Animal Patient Values in EBVM David Mills MA, VetMB, CertAVP(VC), MRCVS1 1RSPCA, Putney Animal Hospital, 6 Clarendon Dr, London, SW15 1AA *Corresponding Author (dmills@rvc.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 08 May 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.112 This talk will argue that patient values should be the central, primary and overriding consideration in both its practice and research if EBVM is to be an ethically acceptable pursuit. keywords: david cache: ve01-112.htm plain text: ve01-112.txt item: #14 of 259 id: ve01-114 author: None title: ve01-114 date: None words: 3364 flesch: 50 summary: Of the 189 vets that had completed the free comments area of the follow up questionnaire, 33 vets commented that antivenom gave a good clinical response, 18 vets commented that antivenom response time was quick, 11 vets commented that antivenom visibly improved oedema and one vet commented that improvement was faster than without antivenom. Multiple observers throughout the study and no standardised method for assessment of mental status or local swelling were reported, leading to lack of objectivity in improvements seen with antivenom use. keywords: adder; antivenom; dogs; european; study; time; treatment cache: ve01-114.htm plain text: ve01-114.txt item: #15 of 259 id: ve01-115 author: None title: ve01-115 date: None words: 2113 flesch: 45 summary: Question Does adding transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speed the resolution of clinical signs? Clinical scenario Transdermal nitroglycerin is frequently recommended as an adjunct therapy in many canine treatment protocols for left-sided congestive heart failure due to its preload and afterload reducing effects. Does adding transdermal nitroglycerin to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speed the resolution of clinical signs? keywords: dogs; failure; heart; nitroglycerin; study; transdermal cache: ve01-115.htm plain text: ve01-115.txt item: #16 of 259 id: ve01-118 author: None title: ve01-118 date: None words: 5558 flesch: 46 summary: Rehabilitation commonly focuses on increasing circulation, enhancing forelimb and hind limb strength and increasing range of motion; for prosthetic patients it must also provide prevention of contractures or correction of existing contractures, improvement in coordination, reduction of edema to promote healing and, lastly, promote mobility using the device (Canapp et al., 2012; Canapp et al., 2014). Due to the anatomy of our small animal patients, the hind limb offers an advantage for prosthetic success with distal amputations, while the forelimb’s anatomy offers better success with proximal amputations (Canapp et al., 2012). keywords: amputation; canapp; canapp et; data; et al; level; limb; patients; placement; prosthetic; survey cache: ve01-118.htm plain text: ve01-118.txt item: #17 of 259 id: ve01-12 author: None title: ve01-12 date: None words: 5170 flesch: 34 summary: Limitations: No clinical details or diagnostic information reported; therefore iatrogenic laminitis cases not confirmed. Two epidemiological studies of laminitis (Cripps & Eustace 1999; Slater et al 1995) did not include any clinical information pertaining to iatrogenic laminitis cases, and reported only that animals had received corticosteroids prior to the onset of laminitis, while the Center for Veterinary Medicine Cumulative Adverse Drug Event (ADE) Summaries Report (U.S. FDA) provided no details other than the type of corticosteroid administered prior to laminitis. keywords: administration; cases; corticosteroid; laminitis; onset; study; treatment; veterinary cache: ve01-12.htm plain text: ve01-12.txt item: #18 of 259 id: ve01-121 author: None title: ve01-121 date: None words: 112 flesch: 29 summary: Integrating Veterinary Subject Expertise With Information Literacy Expertise to Teach and Assess the Student Skills in Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine Heather Moberly (MSLS, AHIP, AFHEA)1* 1Texas A&M University, 400 Bizzell St, College Station, TX 77843, USA *Corresponding Author (hmoberly@library.tamu.edu) Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 24 May 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.121 In this talk Heather will discuss how they successfully integrate asking a clinical question, searching the literature, appraising the literature, and applying evidence to the clinical question to make a clinical recommendation in a pre-clinical, 2nd year, course (pharmacology) and two 4th year clinical rotations (Small Animal Dermatology and Food Animal). keywords: heather cache: ve01-121.htm plain text: ve01-121.txt item: #19 of 259 id: ve01-122 author: None title: ve01-122 date: None words: 104 flesch: 39 summary: Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 07 Jun 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.122 In this talk Ian will discuss how the Association for Veterinary Soft Tissue Surgery (AVSTS), an affiliate group with the British Small Animal Veterinary Association (BSAVA), created a role for itself in facilitating the production (by its members) of multi-centre clinical research of relevance to its members to further EBVM. Find out more about Ian. The ARC Experience Ian Nicholson BVSc, Cert, SAS, DipECVS, MRCVS1* 1Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, Unit 6, Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3JW *Corresponding Author (inicholsonvet@gmail.com) keywords: ian cache: ve01-122.htm plain text: ve01-122.txt item: #20 of 259 id: ve01-123 author: None title: ve01-123 date: None words: 3795 flesch: 49 summary: Owner satisfaction and owner cosmetic score was correlated significantly, with an r2-value of 37% (p<0.0001).  Vol 3, Issue 1 (2018) Published: 15 Feb 2018 Reviewed by: Kristina Kiefer (DVM, PhD) and Victoria Arbona (DVM, MS) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I1.123 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES | SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between wound cosmesis and pet owner satisfaction, to determine the agreement among vet surgeons, and pet owners evaluating a surgical wound with a visual assessment score (VAS), and to determine the agreement between the VAS, a semi-quantitative score of wound inflammation, and wound width. keywords: agreement; owners; satisfaction; score; study; surgery; wound cache: ve01-123.htm plain text: ve01-123.txt item: #21 of 259 id: ve01-124 author: None title: ve01-124 date: None words: 3696 flesch: 47 summary: Appraisal, application and reflection Equine laminitis is a highly debilitating, multifactorial disease of the foot that affects Equidae worldwide (Herthel and Hood, 1999, Hood, 1999a, Wylie et al., 2011).   Equine Laminitis Caused by Distal Displacement of the Distal Phalanx: 12 Cases (1976-1985). keywords: 2010; chronic; distal; equine; evidence; laminitis; rucker; venograms; venography; veterinary cache: ve01-124.htm plain text: ve01-124.txt item: #22 of 259 id: ve01-125 author: None title: ve01-125 date: None words: 1962 flesch: 33 summary: Intervention details: Non-randomised treatment groups, owners of all cats instructed to topically apply 2% mupirocin ointment to chin lesions twice a day for 3 weeks Study design: Prospective open-label trial Outcome Studied: Percentage of lesions resolved following topical treatment with 2% mupirocin and subjective scoring of the change of severity of lesions remaining Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Response to treatment was graded from excellent (90-100% resolution of clinical signs), good (50-90% resolution of clinical signs) and fair (<50% but some resolution noted) No randomised case-control studies or experimental studies comparing topical to systemic antimicrobial treatment were found. keywords: acne; cats; feline; topical; treatment cache: ve01-125.htm plain text: ve01-125.txt item: #23 of 259 id: ve01-127 author: None title: ve01-127 date: None words: 100 flesch: 50 summary: Are Blood Lactate Levels Better Than a Crystal Ball – the Veterinary Evidence Base Amanda Boag MA, VETMB, DipACVIM, DACVECC, FHEA, MRCVS1* 1Vets Now, 1 George Square, Castle Brae, Dunfermline, Fife, KY11 8QF *Corresponding Author (amanda.boag@vets-now.com) Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 16 Jun 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.127 In this talk Amanda will briefly review lactate physiology and then focus on the small animal veterinary evidence base – how has it evolved, what do we now know and where are the gaps in knowledge and potential misinterpretations that could affect our use of this clinical tool. Find out more about Amanda. keywords: amanda cache: ve01-127.htm plain text: ve01-127.txt item: #24 of 259 id: ve01-128 author: None title: ve01-128 date: None words: 6599 flesch: 48 summary: Open reduction cases (six): in 5/6 (83%) cases, lameness was mild and intermittent, usually apparent after vigorous exercise, degree of radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis was variable (no further information provided); 1/6 (17%) had extensive soft tissue damage at the time of treatment, and showed evidence of severe degenerative joint disease and required regular analgesia at follow-up (53 months following treatment). Outcome was considered fair in 2/2 (100%) of open reduction cases. keywords: cases; dogs; elbow; evidence; follow; lameness; luxation; outcome; reduction; veterinary cache: ve01-128.htm plain text: ve01-128.txt item: #25 of 259 id: ve01-129 author: None title: ve01-129 date: None words: 2473 flesch: 46 summary: (2001) Complications of enteroplication for the prevention of intussusception recurrence in dogs: 35 cases (1989-1999). 660–664. Oakes, M.G. et al. (1994) Enteroplication for the prevention of intussusception recurrence in dogs: 31 cases (1978-1992). keywords: cases; dogs; enteroplication; intussusception; recurrence cache: ve01-129.htm plain text: ve01-129.txt item: #26 of 259 id: ve01-130 author: None title: ve01-130 date: None words: 3878 flesch: 49 summary: Case cats: 408/1,230 cats (diet information was available from 408 cases) Furthermore, the proportion of cat owners amongst the general cat-owning population who change diets or feed a mixture of wet and dry food is unknown. keywords: cats; ckd; diagnosis; diet; disease; fed; food; study cache: ve01-130.htm plain text: ve01-130.txt item: #27 of 259 id: ve01-131 author: None title: ve01-131 date: None words: 57 flesch: 60 summary: Vol 2, Issue 2 (2017) Published: 30 Jun 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I2.131 In this talk, from the Veterinary Evidence Today conference 2016, Mike Clarke gives an introduction to systematic reviews. View Presentation Slides Comments: keywords: mike cache: ve01-131.htm plain text: ve01-131.txt item: #28 of 259 id: ve01-132 author: None title: ve01-132 date: None words: 4675 flesch: 38 summary: (60 barren and 55 lactating) Intervention details: Post-breeding mares were randomly assigned into 9 treatment groups. The studies further identify the need to recognise mares at risk of post-service endometritis to target appropriate therapy. keywords: antibiotics; endometritis; group; mares; oxytocin; post; pregnancy; rates; treatment cache: ve01-132.htm plain text: ve01-132.txt item: #29 of 259 id: ve01-135 author: None title: ve01-135 date: None words: 2815 flesch: 34 summary: When examining the method of peritoneal lavage chosen there is a single experimental, randomised control trial comparing the use of sterile saline, saline containing potassium penicillin and neomycin, 3% or 10% povidone iodine solution for abdominal lavage in horses. No definitive diagnosis of uterine tear in 7/11 surviving medically treated cases No details of peritoneal lavage treatment or antibiotics used keywords: antibiotics; case; horses; lavage; peritonitis; survival; treatment cache: ve01-135.htm plain text: ve01-135.txt item: #30 of 259 id: ve01-136 author: None title: ve01-136 date: None words: 366 flesch: 44 summary: This review highlights the variety of different medications that can be used in the treatment of Malassezia otitis externa and the need for a greater number of robust clinical trials. The aim of this paper was to assess current knowledge and approaches to the treatment of M. pachydermatis when found to be present in cases of canine otitis externa. keywords: canine; otitis cache: ve01-136.htm plain text: ve01-136.txt item: #31 of 259 id: ve01-137 author: None title: ve01-137 date: None words: 110 flesch: 43 summary: Clinical Audit Experiences of Veterinary Surgeons Undertaking Farm Animal Work in the UK Katie Waine BVSc, MRCVS1* 1School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD *Corresponding Author (svxkw@exmail.nottingham.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 3 (2017) Published: 21 Jul 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V2I3.137 Clinical audit can play an important part in improving the services offered by farm animal veterinary practices. keywords: audit cache: ve01-137.htm plain text: ve01-137.txt item: #32 of 259 id: ve01-139 author: None title: ve01-139 date: None words: 2505 flesch: 47 summary: The beneficial effects actions of beclomethasone did not extend beyond the treatment period for clinical score outcome but did for pulmonary function. Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts 1973- week 29 2017 Pubmed 1900- week 29 2017 Search terms: Equine or horse and recurrent airway obstruction or RAO or equine asthma and corticosteroids or corticoids Dates searches performed: 19/07/2017 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria No limitations regarding study design, setting, sample size or study population were imposed. keywords: asthma; couëtil; et al; treatment cache: ve01-139.htm plain text: ve01-139.txt item: #33 of 259 id: ve01-14 author: None title: ve01-14 date: None words: 3825 flesch: 55 summary: Omeprazole did significantly suppress gastric acid secretion compared to saline, whereas ranitidine did not (mean gastric pH on day 2 2.53 for ranitidine, vs 3.86 for omeprazole and day 6 2.05 versus 4.09). Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Omeprazole was effective in reducing gastric acid secretion when applied locally to the Heidenhain pouch, and also when given intra-venously. keywords: acid; dogs; gastric; histamine; omeprazole; ranitidine cache: ve01-14.htm plain text: ve01-14.txt item: #34 of 259 id: ve01-142 author: None title: ve01-142 date: None words: 5224 flesch: 51 summary: Dogs starting CA treatment earlier did not have longer survival times compared to those started at 60 days after prednisolone therapy. Study design: Randomised control trial (double blinded) Outcome Studied: Comparing COP lymphoma protocol to prednisolone with CA treatment for MUO   Objective: Survival analysis; Kaplin-Meier Analysis. keywords: days; dogs; group; muo; prednisolone; survival; therapy; treatment; weeks cache: ve01-142.htm plain text: ve01-142.txt item: #35 of 259 id: ve01-143 author: None title: ve01-143 date: None words: 88 flesch: 37 summary: Efficacy of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Puerperal Metritis in Dairy Cows Alina Pohl 1* 1Freie Universität Berlin, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin, Germany *Corresponding author (Alina.Pohl@fu-berlin.de) Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, Alina discusses the need to evaluate alternative therapies to antibiotics. keywords: alina cache: ve01-143.htm plain text: ve01-143.txt item: #36 of 259 id: ve01-147 author: None title: ve01-147 date: None words: 150 flesch: 51 summary: Diagnostic Accuracy: The Wellspring of EBVM Success, and How We Can Improve It David Mills MA, VetMB, CertAVP(VC), MRCVS1* 1RSPCA, Putney Animal Hospital, 6 Clarendon Dr, London, SW15 1AA *Corresponding Author (dmills@rvc.ac.uk) Vol 2, Issue 3 (2017) This talk looks at how vets and vet nurses can maximise their impact on clinical performance. keywords: accuracy cache: ve01-147.htm plain text: ve01-147.txt item: #37 of 259 id: ve01-148 author: None title: ve01-148 date: None words: 14292 flesch: 48 summary: Klebsiella counts and DM did not differ Composting recycled manure solids (RMS) offered minimal advantages over fresh RMS in reducing bacterial counts of common mastitis pathogens in bedding for dairy cows in freestalls Limitations: Low cow numbers Multiparous cows only Mid-late lactation cows (most studies report more lameness in early to mid lactation) Jensen (2015) Population: Lame Lactating and dry dairy cows Sample size: 42 obviously or severely lame cows (3 were dry) Intervention details: 19mm thick rubber mattresses in freestalls or 30cm deep bedded sand. Concrete slatted flooring in aisles Study design: Cohort, cross-over study Outcome Studied: Scales were Lameness on 1-5 scale (according to Thomsen P.T., Munksgaard L., Togersen F.A., (2008), Evaluation of a lameness scoring system for dairy cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 91, 116-126) keywords: bedding; cows; cows sample; dairy; dairy cows; design; details; farms; findings; intervention; journal; lameness; limitations; lying; manure; outcome; pico; pico question; population; question; rubber; sample; sand; science; size; straw; study; study design; time; types cache: ve01-148.htm plain text: ve01-148.txt item: #38 of 259 id: ve01-150 author: None title: ve01-150 date: None words: 136 flesch: 21 summary: The objective of this study was to establish if the prophylactic use of gastroprotectants was associated with a reduced incidence of gastrointestinal signs in dogs receiving immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids, compared to not receiving prophylactic gastroprotectants. Investigating the Use of Gastroprotectants as a Means of Preventing Iatrogenic Gastrointestinal Signs Associated With Immunosuppressive Corticosteroid Therapy. keywords: gastroprotectants cache: ve01-150.htm plain text: ve01-150.txt item: #39 of 259 id: ve01-151 author: None title: ve01-151 date: None words: 121 flesch: 44 summary: In other words, a perfect test may still be useless if it does not change clinical decisionsand outcomes for patients. Vol 2, Issue 4 (2017) Published: 04 Oct 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V%25VI%25I.151 While textbooks on evidence-based medicine still mainly focus on accuracy studies as most appropriate level of evidence for diagnostic questions, the guideline developers have moved forward to patient important outcomes. keywords: evidence cache: ve01-151.htm plain text: ve01-151.txt item: #40 of 259 id: ve01-152 author: None title: ve01-152 date: None words: 7333 flesch: 53 summary: However, with a cautionary note that the Thunderstorm Anxiety Score is an un-validated method for quantifying thunderstorm anxiety severity, this study does provide some limited evidence of a beneficial effect of pressure vests on dog anxiety during thunderstorms.  The vest was then left on (Vest dogs) or removed (No Vest dogs) for the OFT. keywords: anxiety; dogs; heart; owners; pressure; score; study; thunderstorm; treatment; vest cache: ve01-152.htm plain text: ve01-152.txt item: #41 of 259 id: ve01-153 author: None title: ve01-153 date: None words: 3069 flesch: 56 summary: The evidence The research question effectively contains sub-questions addressing four topics: (1) preventive effects of raw treats vs. non-raw treats, (2) curative effects of raw treats vs. non-raw treats, (3) preventive effects of raw treats vs. no treats, and (4) curative effects of raw treats vs. no treats. Clinical bottom line Considering the weak evidence on raw bones and lack of evidence on other types of raw treats, veterinarians and veterinary nurses should be cautious when recommending raw treats to support periodontal health in dogs. keywords: calculus; dogs; evidence; experiment; feeding; fields; terms; treats cache: ve01-153.htm plain text: ve01-153.txt item: #42 of 259 id: ve01-155 author: None title: ve01-155 date: None words: 1778 flesch: 51 summary: Additionally, there is still little evidence-based scientific research and a lack of feeding trials which supports the hypothesis that raw diets are a healthier or more nutritionally balanced than other diets (Michel, 2006; van Veggel & Armstrong, 2017). 441–442. Lefebvre, S. L., Reid-Smith, R., Boerlin, P. and Weese, J. S. (2008) ‘Evaluation of the risks of shedding Salmonellae and other potential pathogens by therapy dogs fed raw diets in Ontario and Alberta.’ keywords: diet; dogs; doi; evidence; food; urine cache: ve01-155.htm plain text: ve01-155.txt item: #43 of 259 id: ve01-156 author: None title: ve01-156 date: None words: 186 flesch: 36 summary: It focuses on systematic reviews as the most reliable source of research evidence, maximising the power of existing research, avoiding undue emphasis on single studies and reducing the waste associated with research that is ignored or not accessible to decision makers. Evidence Aid is knowledge champion for influencers of the humanitarian sector, including funders, policy makers, NGOs, and humanitarian professionals. keywords: evidence cache: ve01-156.htm plain text: ve01-156.txt item: #44 of 259 id: ve01-157 author: None title: ve01-157 date: None words: 2374 flesch: 51 summary: AND ((site or skin) AND (technique or techniques or method or methods or preparation))) Swales (2017) Failure to achieve asepsis following surgical skin preparation is influenced by bacterial resistance to Chlorhexidine, but not skin preparation technique Population: Client owned dogs admitted to a university teaching hospital for abdominal surgery. keywords: method; preparation; skin; trial; veterinary cache: ve01-157.htm plain text: ve01-157.txt item: #45 of 259 id: ve01-158 author: None title: ve01-158 date: None words: 9356 flesch: 48 summary: Cases of oral cheek tooth extraction in older horses with short reserve crowns or advanced periodontal disease were excluded. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2010.00724.x Vlaminck, L. et al (2008) Radiographic evaluation of tooth drift after cheek tooth extraction and insertion of an intra-alveolar prosthesis in ponies, The Veterinary Journal, Feb; 175(2), pp. keywords: cases; cheek; complications; extraction; follow; horses; maxillary; post; repulsion; study; surgery; teeth; term; tooth cache: ve01-158.htm plain text: ve01-158.txt item: #46 of 259 id: ve01-159 author: None title: ve01-159 date: None words: 3255 flesch: 44 summary: It also appears from our search that there are no available studies that correlate the apparent weakness of sternotomy suture closure in large dogs with clinical outcome. Retrospective studies reviewing the clinical outcome of large breed dogs undergoing suture sternotomy closure would also provide useful information and enable more informed clinical decision making in the future. keywords: closure; dogs; failure; median; sternotomy; suture; wire cache: ve01-159.htm plain text: ve01-159.txt item: #47 of 259 id: ve01-16 author: None title: ve01-16 date: None words: 2721 flesch: 50 summary: Study design: Case control study Outcome Studied: Limitations: Retrospective case study; no control groups. keywords: case; dogs; findings; ovariohysterectomy; pyometra; study cache: ve01-16.htm plain text: ve01-16.txt item: #48 of 259 id: ve01-160 author: None title: ve01-160 date: None words: 1897 flesch: 47 summary: Next Review date: 19 Oct 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I4.160 PICO question In cats undergoing orchiectomy, does the use of intratesticular lidocaine reduce the pain in patients compared to not using intratesticular lidocaine? Clinical bottom line With a low grade of evidence, when compared to a pre-medication with pure-µ agonist opioids, intratesticular lidocaine does not appear to provide significant benefit.  keywords: cats; group; intratesticular; lidocaine; pain cache: ve01-160.htm plain text: ve01-160.txt item: #49 of 259 id: ve01-161 author: None title: ve01-161 date: None words: 774 flesch: 45 summary: However, as realist synthesis warrants a book in its own right, and is possibly not appropriate for master’s level research, this gap is forgivable and does not diminish the contribution that Doing a Systematic Review makes to student systematic review research and learning. To conclude, Doing a Systematic Review is the book of choice for all students and early career researchers who are considering or undertaking systematic review research, and makes a valuable teaching resource for all academic staff in areas of evidence-based practice. keywords: book; review; students cache: ve01-161.htm plain text: ve01-161.txt item: #50 of 259 id: ve01-163 author: None title: ve01-163 date: None words: 6057 flesch: 52 summary: Study design: Non-randomised controlled trial (before/after design) Outcome Studied: Worm eggs per gram of faeces, split down by species/class. (2015) Population: Stray domestic shorthair female cats (weighing circa 3 kg), captured from the streets of Tehran and naturally infected with Toxocara cati roundworms (based on faecal egg counts). keywords: cats; count; day; dogs; egg; garlic; group; study; treatment; worm cache: ve01-163.htm plain text: ve01-163.txt item: #51 of 259 id: ve01-164 author: None title: ve01-164 date: None words: 3327 flesch: 44 summary: Other authors solely assessed tenoscopic debridement alone, or may have included a very limited number (n=2) of surgical repair cases that were unresponsive to previous tenoscopic surgery. Next Review date: 30 May 2019 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I2.164 PICO question In horses with longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon within the digital flexor tendon sheath, is surgical repair as effective as tenoscopic debridement alone for returning to previous level of performance? keywords: ddft; digital; flexor; horses; repair; tears; tendon cache: ve01-164.htm plain text: ve01-164.txt item: #52 of 259 id: ve01-166 author: None title: ve01-166 date: None words: 3560 flesch: 55 summary: A similar interference with neurotransmission within the cerebellum is thought to be the reason behind the characteristic tremor in dogs (Eriksen et al., 2010);however, it is generallybelieved that the mechanism of action differs for each toxin involved in the exposure. In recent years, reports of the use of ILE in veterinary medicine has increased (Fernandez et al., 2011; Epstein et al., 2013; Bates et al., 2013) and is advocated by the VPIS and the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) for toxicoses associated with fatsoluble agents. keywords: cases; dogs; ile; lipid; signs; tremorgenic; use; veterinary cache: ve01-166.htm plain text: ve01-166.txt item: #53 of 259 id: ve01-167 author: None title: ve01-167 date: None words: 386 flesch: 41 summary: An important aim of this journal is to provide Knowledge Summaries for important questions that support decision making in clinical practice. Thank You to Our Reviewers Peter Cockcroft BA, MA, Vet. MB, MSc, Dip. keywords: knowledge; peter; practice; reviewers cache: ve01-167.htm plain text: ve01-167.txt item: #54 of 259 id: ve01-168 author: None title: ve01-168 date: None words: 364 flesch: 32 summary: Erratum to: Does Adding Transdermal Nitroglycerine to Other Therapies Used for Management of Left-sided Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs Speed the Resolution of Clinical Signs? Jenefer R Stillion DVM, DACVECC1 Søren R Boysen DVM, DAVECC2* 1Western Veterinary Specialist and Emergency Centre, Calgary, Canada 2Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada *Corresponding Author (srboysen@ucalgary.ca) Within the Exclusion/Inclusion Criteria table the inclusion section was changed from: Transdermal, OR cutaneous, OR ointment, AND dog OR dogs OR canine OR bitch* OR canis OR bitches AND heart OR cardiac OR CHF OR cardio* OR left ventricular OR left ventricle* OR LV OR heart diseases OR cardiovascular diseases AND glyceryl trinitrat* OR glyceryltrinitrat* OR trinity glycerin* OR nitro glycerin* OR nitroglycerin* To: Any relevant primary veterinary research or systematic review which compared transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies to answer the following question; “Does adding transdermal nitroglycerine to other therapies used for management of left-sided congestive heart failure in dogs speed the resolution of clinical signs?”  This error was in both the HTML and PDF versions. keywords: heart; html cache: ve01-168.htm plain text: ve01-168.txt item: #55 of 259 id: ve01-17 author: None title: ve01-17 date: None words: 1231 flesch: 51 summary: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of robenacoxib in acute joint inflammation in dog. Whilst only a single relevant paper was available for review, the study did directly compare the two drugs under identical conditions allowing a good assessment of clinical efficacy to be made between them. keywords: meloxicam; robenacoxib cache: ve01-17.htm plain text: ve01-17.txt item: #56 of 259 id: ve01-170 author: None title: ve01-170 date: None words: 121 flesch: 28 summary: Evidenced Based Approach for a Definition of Defined Daily Dosages of Antibiotics Used in German Pig Production Lothar Kreienbrock 1* 1University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany *Corresponding Author (lothar.kreienbrock@tiho-hannover.de) Vol 3, Issue 1 (2018) Published: 08 Feb 2018 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V3I1.170 The use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and a resulting development of antimicrobial resistance is a topic of major concern. For this, the correct dosage is an essential measure to prevent antibiotic resistance. keywords: medicine cache: ve01-170.htm plain text: ve01-170.txt item: #57 of 259 id: ve01-171 author: None title: ve01-171 date: None words: 2521 flesch: 49 summary: Male cats diagnosed with urethral obstruction admitted to the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, between December 2000 and November 2002. Cooper, E.S. et al (2010) Population: Male cats brought to The Ohio State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for treatment of naturally occurring urethral obstruction between June 2007 and June 2008, and in which the owners had declined conventional treatment (catheterisation and intensive care). keywords: catheter; cats; follow; obstruction; study; urinary cache: ve01-171.htm plain text: ve01-171.txt item: #58 of 259 id: ve01-174 author: None title: ve01-174 date: None words: 5286 flesch: 47 summary: Given the marked effects of hypoglycemia in paediatric patients, assessment of blood glucose level should form part of the minimum database collected for emergency paediatric patients.  Paediatric patients represented around 3% of the emergency cases identified in the database. keywords: age; canine; emergency; feline; group; months; paediatric; patients; rate; survival; veterinary cache: ve01-174.htm plain text: ve01-174.txt item: #59 of 259 id: ve01-176 author: None title: ve01-176 date: None words: 2282 flesch: 51 summary: Intervention details: 12 cats were fed a prototype restricted iodine diet and ten were fed a control diet. Can Iodine-restricted Diets Normalise Serum Total Thyroxine (TT4) and Subsequently Improve Clinical Signs in Cats With Hyperthyroidism? a Knowledge Summary by Oliver Gilman BVSc MRCVS 1* 1University of Bristol, Langford Vets, Langford, Somerset, BS40 5DU United Kingdom *Corresponding Author (o.gilman.mrcvs@gmail.com) keywords: cats; diet; iodine; tt4 cache: ve01-176.htm plain text: ve01-176.txt item: #60 of 259 id: ve01-177 author: None title: ve01-177 date: None words: 5148 flesch: 46 summary: The influence of presence or absence of a mirror on: Growth performance including average daily and weekly bodyweight gains Behaviour changes including; activities, performance, feeding preferences, comfort and other notable behaviours ex. scrabbling at the mirror Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Growth performance T1 rabbits (without mirror) weighed 459 g and 844.2 g on average in the first and sixth week respectively Mean weight for rabbits in T1 over the 6 week trial period was 638.07 g (P<0.05) T2 rabbits (with mirror) weighed 436 g and 1017 g on average in the first and sixth week respectively Mean weight for rabbits in T2 over the 6 week trial period was 729.87 g (P<0.05) Rabbits individually housed with a mirror in their cage had higher average weight gains throughout the trial period These rabbits will not be discussed in this knowledge summary as this is not relevant to the PICO Mirrors were attached to the walls of Section 2 and did not run parallel to each other to avoid multiple reflections Further experimental detail Cage floors were covered in newspaper and straw Rabbits had access to ad libitum hay and water provided in drinking bottles Rabbits were offered a daily carrot at 0900h Fresh hay and 30 g concentrate were offered at 1600h Cages were weather proofed with roofing felt Cages were outside but positioned facing a building for shelter ensuring rain could not enter Methodology Initial observations were done 1h after rabbits were placed in their test environment on day 1 at 1500h On day 7, rabbits were observed from 0800h to 1430h keywords: behaviour; cage; mirror; rabbits; stress; study; time; trial; welfare cache: ve01-177.htm plain text: ve01-177.txt item: #61 of 259 id: ve01-178 author: None title: ve01-178 date: None words: 4846 flesch: 37 summary: Part 4: progression in mental and physical status and clinical signs 24 hours after admission and 1-2 weeks following admission (where available) BLOOD AND URINALYSIS: blood and urine samples collected at admission and 1-2 weeks following treatment (where possible) serum globulin and albumin urine protein Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Non-self-limiting facial swelling secondary to antivenom administration responded to corticosteroid therapy in one dog Two dogs developed adverse reactions to antivenom despite prior glucocorticoid treatment It was uncertain whether glucocorticoids prevented the development of adverse reactions in the remaining 20 dogs who received both glucocorticoids and antivenom Limitations: Many observers and non-standardised treatment protocols resulted in a number of confounders A control group is used only for blood and urinalysis and is not adequately described Proportions of patients from referral versus first opinion practice are not documented, leading to a potential bias in severity of clinical symptoms and timing of treatments The intervention is not standardised: need for antivenom treatment was made subjectively by a number of different veterinary surgeons. Lervik et al. (2010) also compared glucocorticoidtreated dogs to non-glucocorticoid treated dogs. keywords: antivenom; berus; bite; dogs; et al; glucocorticoids; study; treatment; vipera cache: ve01-178.htm plain text: ve01-178.txt item: #62 of 259 id: ve01-179 author: None title: ve01-179 date: None words: 4621 flesch: 49 summary: Minor complications in 12 dogs include forked plate displacement (6), tibial tuberosity fracture (4), screw failure (2) and cage displacement (1). Four stifle joints had tibial tuberosity fractures. keywords: boxers; complications; diaphyseal; dogs; fracture; outcome; pico; tibial; ttar; tuberosity cache: ve01-179.htm plain text: ve01-179.txt item: #63 of 259 id: ve01-18 author: None title: ve01-18 date: None words: 4947 flesch: 51 summary: The staircase better represents the fact that high evidence information is more likely to be true and that one should start to look for high evidence when searching information. The statement when searching information one should start to look for high evidence information was more often supported when referring to the staircase metaphor (p<0.01, df = 2). keywords: et al; evidence; information; levels; medicine; pyramid; students; veterinary cache: ve01-18.htm plain text: ve01-18.txt item: #64 of 259 id: ve01-182 author: None title: ve01-182 date: None words: 2271 flesch: 56 summary: Intervention details: Two groups of dogs: Morgan pocket technique (Morgan et al., 1993) (6 eyes) and Kaswan anchoring technique (Kaswan & Martin, 1985) (1 eye). Follow up period: 6–12 months. Intervention details: Three groups of dogs: removal of gland (8 eyes of five dogs), Kaswan anchoring technique (Kaswan & Martin, 1985) (4 eyes of three dogs) or modified Morgan pocket technique (Morgan et al., 1993) (4 eyes of three dogs). keywords: dogs; eyelid; gland; pocket; technique cache: ve01-182.htm plain text: ve01-182.txt item: #65 of 259 id: ve01-183 author: None title: ve01-183 date: None words: 5677 flesch: 36 summary: The parasitological cure rate for sarolaner was non-inferior to moxidectin/imidacloprid on day 60 but not day 30 (based on a present non-inferiority margin of 15%) There was no significant difference between cure rates for treatment groups on days 30 or 60 100% of dogs receiving sarolaner that completed the study (53/53) achieved parasitological cure 9% of the moxidectin/imidacloprid dogs that completed the study (24/27) achieved parasitological cure, one dog was withdrawn due to lack of efficacy at day 146 The percentage reduction in mean mite counts for sarolaner was non-inferior to moxidectin/imidacloprid at days 30 and 60 At day 90 (when approximately 80% of each group was still analysed) Objective – percentage live mite reduction Arithmetic means for each group pre- and post-treatment Repeated measures analysis of covariance (RMAN-COVA) was used to compare mite counts using SAS Institute analytical software version 9.3 Significance level was set at 5% Subjective – clinical signs Mild, moderate or severe Based on crusts, casts, scales and erythematous papules as percentage of group affected Areas of hair loss scored 1 (0-50%), 2 (>50-90%) and 3 (>90%) Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): No treatment related adverse events were noted Fluralaner was significantly more effective than moxidectin/imidacloprid at eliminating live mites from dogs with generalised demodicosis (P<0.01) 0/8 dogs in group 1 had any live mites at day 84 1/8 dogs in group 2 was mite free at day 56 and 2/8 at day 84 2/8 dogs in group 2 showed an increase in live mite counts after treatment and this impacted significantly on efficacy calculations (based on mean mite counts for the group) Limitations: Group 2 dogs received two different treatment regimes (weekly and four weekly application) but results were not analysed separately All dogs were given 10 weeks of cefovecin regardless of the presence or absence of pyoderma, the authors note that diagnosis and treatment of pyoderma was not part of the treatment evaluation Dogs were between 6 and 12 months of age indicating juvenile generalised demodicosis rather than adult onset which has the potential for self-resolution of signs, this may have affected results The age, sex and breed of dogs in each group is not recorded Dogs were ranked by mite count before being randomly allocated to treatment groups but the reason for ranking before randomisation is not clear Dogs were kept under laboratory conditions which may not be representative of a clinical scenario Ideally antibiotics should have been used based on skin cytology and presence of pyoderma, presumably blanket treatment was chosen to avoid variance A sample size of 16 is small and there is no justification for this or calculation of the power of the study. keywords: days; demodicosis; dogs; group; imidacloprid; mite; moxidectin; skin; study; treatment cache: ve01-183.htm plain text: ve01-183.txt item: #66 of 259 id: ve01-185 author: None title: ve01-185 date: None words: 4561 flesch: 47 summary: Two patients with coxofemoral reluxation at previous radiographic assessment were excluded from this follow up. Small sample sizes, and variations in the length of follow up, inclusion and exclusion criteria and surgical technique significantly challenges any conclusions that may be drawn. keywords: cases; et al; follow; patients; reluxation; toggle cache: ve01-185.htm plain text: ve01-185.txt item: #67 of 259 id: ve01-186 author: None title: ve01-186 date: None words: 3270 flesch: 36 summary: Osteochondral fragmentation of the plantar/palmar proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx in racing horses. Summary of the evidence Barclay et al. (1987) Population: Horses Review of medical records of horses presented for lameness caused by PlOF of the proximal phalanx Only two horses presented with a moderate hindlimb lameness on physical examination keywords: fragmentation; fragments; horses; lameness; plantar; surgical cache: ve01-186.htm plain text: ve01-186.txt item: #68 of 259 id: ve01-19 author: None title: ve01-19 date: None words: 3617 flesch: 48 summary: The EEG/fMRI technique is used to map haemodynamic epileptogenic-related networks in the brain, and, as a result it provides further valuable data for IZ localization (van Graan et al., 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.57.11.2022 Gotman, J., et al. (2006) keywords: eeg; epilepsy; et al; fmri; meg; surgery cache: ve01-19.htm plain text: ve01-19.txt item: #69 of 259 id: ve01-194 author: None title: ve01-194 date: None words: 4066 flesch: 38 summary: Outcome Studied: Prevalence of iatrogenic synovial sepsis following intra-synovial injections. Does intra-articular injection of antimicrobials alongside corticosteroids or other medications reduce the risk of synovial sepsis? a Knowledge Summary by Helen Braid BSc (Hons) BVetMed CertAVP FHEA MRCVS 1* 1University of Liverpool, Institute of Veterinary Science, Liverpool, L69 3GH *Corresponding Author (H.Braid@liverpool.ac.uk) keywords: articular; injection; risk; sepsis; septic; studies; synovial cache: ve01-194.htm plain text: ve01-194.txt item: #70 of 259 id: ve01-196 author: None title: ve01-196 date: None words: 2781 flesch: 31 summary: Next review date: 01 May 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V4I3.196 PICO question In three day event horses, does biannual routine influenza vaccination compared to annual routine influenza vaccination reduce performance levels? Clinical bottom line There is no evidence that biannual equine influenza vaccination compared to annual booster vaccination in three day event horses is associated with reduced performance. Conclusions: There is no evidence that biannual equine influenza vaccination compared to annual booster vaccination is associated with reduced performance in three day event horses. keywords: booster; days; equine; exercise; horses; influenza; vaccination cache: ve01-196.htm plain text: ve01-196.txt item: #71 of 259 id: ve01-199 author: None title: ve01-199 date: None words: 4313 flesch: 48 summary: The closed response options were formulated using the results of a study that investigated horse owner decision making in horses suffering from abdominal pain (Scantlebury et al., 2014). It provides a useful snapshot of veterinary practitioners experiences and opinions, but there is currently no data from horse owners about the types of emergencies they experience. keywords: conditions; emergency; horse; livery; owners; participants; survey; veterinary; yard cache: ve01-199.htm plain text: ve01-199.txt item: #72 of 259 id: ve01-202 author: None title: ve01-202 date: None words: 3928 flesch: 46 summary: Next review date: 12 May 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V4I3.202 PICO question In dogs with chronic enteropathy does treatment with oral cobalamin compared to parenteral cobalamin provide serum cobalamin levels greater than 270 ng/L? Clinical bottom line Future studies are needed to investigate the outcome of oral cobalamin dosing in dogs with extra-gastrointestinal disease. keywords: cobalamin; day; dogs; group; levels; parenteral; serum cache: ve01-202.htm plain text: ve01-202.txt item: #73 of 259 id: ve01-204 author: None title: ve01-204 date: None words: 3777 flesch: 38 summary: Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts 1973 to Week 28 2018 PubMed NCBI 1910 to Week 28 2018 Search strategy: CAB Abstracts equine or equines or horse or horses or equus or equid or equids or mare or mares or broodmare or broodmares or pony or ponies or filly or fillies or colt or colts or yearling or yearlings or stallion or stallions or thoroughbred or thoroughbreds or standardbred or standardbreds or racehorse or racehorses or race horse or race horses or exp horses/ or exp equus/ or exp equidae/ or exp mares/ or exp colts/ or exp foals/ or exp stallions/ or exp thoroughbred/ or exp racehorses/ arthritis or arthritic or arthritogenic or arthritical or osteoarthritis or osteoarthritic or osteo-arthritis or osteo-arthritic or synovitis or joint disease or joint diseases or OA or DJD or osteoarthrosis or osteo-arthrosis or lame or lameness or spavin or gait or exp osteoarthritis/ or exp arthritis/ or exp joint diseases/ tarsal or tarsals or tarsale or tarsometatarsal or tarsometatarsus or tarsometatarsals or tarso-metatarsal or tarso-metatarsals or carpus or carpuses or carpometacarpal or carpometacarpals or carpo-metacarpal or carpo-metacarpals or hock or hocks or carpal or carpals or exp tarsus/ or exp carpus/ bisphosphonate or bisphosphonates or biphosphonate or biphosphonates or bisphosponate or bisphosponates or biphosponate or biphosponates or disphosponate or disphosponates or diphosphonate or diphosphonates or diphosponate or diphosponates or disphosphonate or disphosphonates or osphosReg or tiludronate or tiludronic or tildren or tildrenReg or clodronate or clodronic NSAID or NSAIDs or non steroidal anti inflammatory or non steroidal anti inflammatories or non steroidal antiinflammatory or non steroidal antiinflammatories or nonsteroidal anti inflammatory or nonsteroidal anti inflammatories or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory or nonsteroidal antiinflammatories or phenylbutazone or phenylbutazones or PBZ or firocoxib or firocoxibs or FIRO or cox-2-selectives or cox-2-selective or exp antiinflammatory agents/ or exp non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents/ 1 and 2 and 3 and (4 or 5)   PubMed equine or equines or horse or horses or equus or equid or equids or mare or mares or broodmare or broodmares or pony or ponies or filly or fillies or colt or colts or yearling or yearlings or stallion or stallions or thoroughbred or thoroughbreds or standardbred or standardbreds or racehorse or raceshorses arthritis or arthritic or arthritogenic or arthritical or osteoarthritis or osteoarthritic or osteo-arthritis or osteo-arthritic or synovitis or joint disease or joint diseases or OA or DJD or osteoarthrosis or osteo-arthrosis or lame or lameness or spavin or gait tarsal or tarsals or tarsale or tarsometatarsal or tarsometatarsus or tarsometatarsals or tarso-metatarsal or tarso-metatarsals or carpus or carpuses or carpometacarpal or carpometacarpals or carpo-metacarpal or carpo-metacarpals or hock or hocks or carpal or carpals bisphosphonate or bisphosphonates or biphosphonate or biphosphonates or bisphosponate or bisphosponates or biphosponate or biphosponates or disphosponate or disphosponates or diphosphonate or diphosphonates or diphosponate or diphosponates or disphosphonate or disphosphonates or osphosReg or tiludronate or tiludronic or tildren or tildrenReg or clodronate or clodronic NSAID or NSAIDs or non steroidal anti inflammatory or non steroidal anti inflammatories or non steroidal antiinflammatory or non steroidal antiinflammatories or nonsteroidal anti inflammatory or nonsteroidal anti inflammatories or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory or nonsteroidal antiinflammatories or phenylbutazone or phenylbutazones or PBZ or firocoxib or firocoxibs or FIRO or cox-2-selectives or cox-2-selective 1 and 2 and 3 and (4 or 5) Dates searches performed: 25/7/2018 and 27/7/2018 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Articles not relevant to PICO question Carpal joints Next review date: 25 July 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I1.204 PICO question In lame horses affected by osteoarthritis of the distal tarsal joints (bone spavin), are bisphosphonates more effective than NSAIDs in long-term alleviation of lameness?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Two papers were critically reviewed. keywords: day; horses; joints; lameness; study; tarsal; tiludronate cache: ve01-204.htm plain text: ve01-204.txt item: #74 of 259 id: ve01-205 author: None title: ve01-205 date: None words: 7150 flesch: 51 summary: The results provide evidential support for category of high SCC to be used ahead of magnitude of SCC when advising farmers about prioritising high SCC cases for investigation and possible treatment, drying-off or culling. Published: 11 Dec 2019 Reviewed by: Chris Watson (MA, VetMB, MRCVS) and John Fishwick (MA, VetMB, DCHP, DipECBHM, MRCVS) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V4I4.205 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | FOOTNOTES | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES ABSTRACT Objective: The particular interest of this study was to identify the relative impacts of magnitude and category of high SCC on ‘recovery’, once other factors were taken into account. keywords: chronic; cows; herd; high; lactation; magnitude; milk; probability; recovery; scc cache: ve01-205.htm plain text: ve01-205.txt item: #75 of 259 id: ve01-219 author: None title: ve01-219 date: None words: 6665 flesch: 51 summary: All dogs received the same treatment at the same time and in the same order so the study is particularly sensitive to order effects and stochastic events that might influence dog behaviour during a particular treatment condition. However, it is worth noting that they did find a significant effect of Valerian on dog behaviour, with dogs showing reduced vocalisation and movement, and increased resting behaviour on days (3 consecutive days) when Valerian impregnated cloths were placed in the run. keywords: behaviour; dog; dogs; effect; measures; pet; remedy; stress; study; treatment; valerian cache: ve01-219.htm plain text: ve01-219.txt item: #76 of 259 id: ve01-220 author: None title: ve01-220 date: None words: 2041 flesch: 40 summary: In these papers the authors among other things considered the result of the addition of antimicrobials to corticosteroids for intra-articular injection, therefore it were included in the evidence. Appraisal, application and reflection Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids are employed in horse practice for the treatment of non-inflammatory synovitis and osteoarthritis. keywords: injections; intra; risk; sepsis cache: ve01-220.htm plain text: ve01-220.txt item: #77 of 259 id: ve01-221 author: None title: ve01-221 date: None words: 2917 flesch: 35 summary: Three studies were located which investigated steroid treatment protocols and follow-up however these all had a small population size. Clinical bottom line Based on the currently available literature, steroid treatment using the protocol outlined in Lowrie et al. (2009) at a gradually tapering dose over a course of 6 months, appeared to lead to clinical remission in all cases, with a disease free post treatment interval of at least 6 months. keywords: csf; dogs; months; treatment cache: ve01-221.htm plain text: ve01-221.txt item: #78 of 259 id: ve01-226 author: None title: ve01-226 date: None words: 2097 flesch: 45 summary: Clinical bottom line There is currently insufficient evidence to reliably determine whether levetiracetam or imepitoin should be used in preference as a second line treatment for the management of cats with refractory idiopathic epilepsy. There is weak evidence however to suggest clinical efficacy of levetiracetam and imepitoin in management of cats with idiopathic epilepsy. keywords: cats; epilepsy; imepitoin; levetiracetam; treatment cache: ve01-226.htm plain text: ve01-226.txt item: #79 of 259 id: ve01-23 author: None title: ve01-23 date: None words: 36 flesch: 73 summary: Finding The Evidence Clare Boulton RCVS Knowledge | Head of Library and Information Service Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016) Published: 22 Jan 2016 A slide-cast of Clare Boulton’s presentation from Skills Day 2015, London. keywords: clare cache: ve01-23.htm plain text: ve01-23.txt item: #80 of 259 id: ve01-234 author: None title: ve01-234 date: None words: 4890 flesch: 47 summary: The propagation of induced tendon lesions in the equine superficial digital flexor tendon: an ex vivo study. Although there is no evidence in equids regarding the optimal immobilisation time during the rest period, ten day cast immobilisation is in accordance with the human literature that recommends casting only during the acute phase of tendon injuries for about 5–7 days (Buckwalter, 1995). keywords: bandage; cast; flexor; joint; lesion; mcp; sdft; study; support; tendon cache: ve01-234.htm plain text: ve01-234.txt item: #81 of 259 id: ve01-235 author: None title: ve01-235 date: None words: 6705 flesch: 42 summary: Population: Horses in the Southern US with hindlimb lameness or poor performance Sex: 12 non-pregnant mares, 28 geldings, one stallion Breed: 10 warmbloods, 21 Quarter Horses or Paints, nine Thoroughbreds, one Arabian Mean Age: 12.4 (+/- 6.5) in treatment group; 10.7 +/- 6.0 in placebo group Use: dressage (8), eventing (7), jumping (5), western performance (11), pleasure or trail riding (3) and western show (7). 2 months after enrollment 70% (14/20) of riders reported that the horse’s performance was better in the IA triamcinolone only group compared to baseline 4 months after enrollment 50% (10/20) of horses improved in the IA triamcinolone only group compared to baseline 4 months after treatment, 35% of horses had returned to full work in placebo group 2 (vs 38% of horses in treatment group 1; not significant) Limitations: Many key performance indicators in the rider questionnaire were not significantly different between groups. keywords: distal; group; hock; horses; joint; lameness; placebo; study; treatment; triamcinolone cache: ve01-235.htm plain text: ve01-235.txt item: #82 of 259 id: ve01-236 author: None title: ve01-236 date: None words: 516 flesch: 28 summary: Nicola Ackerman Jane Alexander David Allman Konstantinos Antonopoulos Victoria Arbona Sue Badger David Barrett Nicola Bates Nick Bell Jackie Belle Hasan Bilgili Tiffany Blackett Bruce Bladon Filip Blent Tim Brazil Marnie Brennan Katherine Briscoe Andrew Brown Marta Brscic Christopher Bruce Riley Louise Buckley Sarah Caney James Carmalt Thomas Chambers Marge Chandler William Chandler Scott Christopher David Church Jacqueline Cole Polly Compston Elena Contreras Giulio Cozzi Jonathan Cracknell Linda Dahlgren Julie De Lasalle Laura Dixon Dario d'Ovidio Ken Drobatz Anna Dunlap Sushmitha Durgam Sue Dyson Rebecca Elliott Amanda-Jane Erne Virginia Fajt Erik Fausak Mireia Fernandez John Fishwick Geoffry Fordyce Myra Forster-van Hijfte Mary Fraser Lisa Freeman Jennifer Garcia Mark Garneau Laura Garrett Paula Giaretta Toby Gimmel Laurie Goodrich Wanda Gordon-Evans Cecilia Gorrel Kelly Hall (Wilke) Annick Hamaide Anna Hammond Jeanette Hanson Frances Harcourt-Brown Anke Hendricks Katleen Hermans Jo Hockenhull Mark Holmes Shailen Jasani Norman Johnston Stephen Jones Philip Kass Nina Kieves Stanley Kim Simone Kirby Matti Kiupel Barbara Kohn Sheila Laverty Daniel Lewis Matyas Liptovszky Jason Lombard Leo Londono David Maggs Denis Marcellin-Little Stanley Marks Cathy McGowan Maureen McMichael Anna Meredith Gillian Monsell Stewart Morgan Andy Morris Philippa Morrison Pam Mosedale Morag Moseley Hans Nauwynck Stéphanie Noël Ingo Nolte Marianna Norring Nicole Northrup Kazuya Oikawa Mateus Paranhos da Costa Russell Parker Andrew Parry Bob Partridge Rachel Perry Federica Pirrone Simon Platt Siegfried Platz Brian Pound Antonio Pozzi Nicola Robinson Pete Rodgers Jeffrey Runge Silke Salavati Richard Saunders Michael Schaer Silke Schmitz Stefan Schwarz Phil Scott Gonçalo Serrano Bradley Simon Lisa Smart Bruce Smith Eva Spada Kit Sturgess Meghan Sullivan Jo Suthers Sienna Taylor David Thomas Mickey Tivers Mandy Wallace Lisa Weeth Becky Whay Constance White Richard White Roger Wilkinson John Williams Cenk Yardimci Thank You to Our Reviewers Peter Cockcroft MA VetMB MSc DCHP DVM&S DipECBHM MBA MRCVS1* 1University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL *Corresponding Author (p.cockcroft@surrey.ac.uk) keywords: anna; bruce; david; evidence; knowledge; nicola; reviewers; support cache: ve01-236.htm plain text: ve01-236.txt item: #83 of 259 id: ve01-24 author: None title: ve01-24 date: None words: 78 flesch: 54 summary: Jan 2016 Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS, from around 1864. Two watercolours by Edward Mayhew MRCVS Managing Editor Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016) keywords: watercolours cache: ve01-24.htm plain text: ve01-24.txt item: #84 of 259 id: ve01-240 author: None title: ve01-240 date: None words: 8070 flesch: 45 summary: Background: The horse-human relationship has a significant impact on how horse owners care for and make decisions for their horse. Exploration into the relationships that horse owners have with their horses, and the influence this may have on their decisions was identified as an area with little published literature.   keywords: animal; behaviour; doi; equine; et al; factors; horse; human; human relationship; literature; owner; relationship; research; review; studies; study; veterinary; welfare cache: ve01-240.htm plain text: ve01-240.txt item: #85 of 259 id: ve01-243 author: None title: ve01-243 date: None words: 3296 flesch: 46 summary: Evidence of enhanced colonic wound healing in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (production of granulation tissue, epithelialisation, numbers of fibroblasts, degree of collagen deposition and width of wound) Significant (P<0.05) decrease in concentration of hydroxyproline in colonic wounds of the Group 2 compared to Group 1. Limitations: Small study population The authors have deliberately simulated conditions of relative ischaemia at the anastomotic site which is a major risk factor for colonic wound healing. keywords: cats; colonic; dogs; electrosurgery; group; healing; postoperative; wounds cache: ve01-243.htm plain text: ve01-243.txt item: #86 of 259 id: ve01-244 author: None title: ve01-244 date: None words: 9857 flesch: 51 summary: Overall, farms 1 and 4 experienced the highest levels of trial lamb mortality (5.2%). A higher proportion of mortalities occurred in unvaccinated or partially vaccinated lambs (n=23; 76.7%), as compared to trial lambs that had received a primary vaccine course (n=7; 13.3%). keywords: animal; disease; dlwg; early; farm; flocks; group; lambs; mean; mortalities; mortality; pasteurella; sheep; study; trial; trial lambs; vaccination; vaccine; veterinary; visit; weaning cache: ve01-244.htm plain text: ve01-244.txt item: #87 of 259 id: ve01-245 author: None title: ve01-245 date: None words: 5102 flesch: 50 summary: Clinical bottom line Data specifically evaluating drying piglets are limited. There is evidence that drying piglets can reduce mortality and improve thermoregulation of piglets. keywords: birth; drying; et al; farrowing; litters; mortality; piglets; study; temperature; treatment cache: ve01-245.htm plain text: ve01-245.txt item: #88 of 259 id: ve01-248 author: None title: ve01-248 date: None words: 8099 flesch: 56 summary: Relationships between age at first calving and first lactation milk yield, and lifetime productivity and longevity in dairy cows. DIM Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): An optimal ADWG of 0.830 kg/day is associated with the best first lactation yields First lactation yield is improved by 2.5 and 2.1 kg/day respectively at AFC of 25 and 26 months compared with 23 or less or greater than 26 months Limitations: Many animals were excluded from the original dataset (started with 3,110). keywords: afc; age; calving; cows; dairy; data; day; days; herds; lactation; milk; months; population; yield cache: ve01-248.htm plain text: ve01-248.txt item: #89 of 259 id: ve01-255 author: None title: ve01-255 date: None words: 4294 flesch: 42 summary: Retrospective case series Outcome Studied: Successful outcome: sound horse able to be used at a level of performance that equaled or exceeded the level achieved before surgery foot cast versus foot bandage synovial involvement versus no synovial involvement Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Wound treatment: N= 30 – primary closure (polydioxanone or polypropylene sizes 1 or 2) N=70 – second intention healing Immobilisation: N= 52 foot cast (duration: 2.8 ± 1 weeks) and N= 76 foot bandage (duration: 3.2 ± 2.2 weeks) N= 24 – cast only duration: 3.1 ± 0.9 weeks N= 28 – cast followed by bandage duration cast + bandage: 5.1 ± 2.1 weeks N=48 – bandage only duration: 4.1 ± 1.3 weeks Duration of cast immobilisation alone significantly shorter than bandaging alone. As this is an opinion piece rather than an original study, no compelling evidence in favour of using foot casts over bandaging was found for these cases. keywords: bandage; bandaging; bulb; cast; casting; foot; heel; horses; synovial; wounds cache: ve01-255.htm plain text: ve01-255.txt item: #90 of 259 id: ve01-273 author: None title: ve01-273 date: None words: 5205 flesch: 39 summary: Conclusion: Given the low prevalence of positive quantitative urine cultures in dogs with an inactive urine sediment and current guideline recommendations for management of subclinical bacteriuria, we do not recommend urine cultures for dogs without lower urinary tract signs. The prevalence of positive urine cultures in 100 dogs with an inactive urine sediment Rachel Liebelt DVM, MRCVS1* Armi Pigott DVM, DACVECC2 1Vets Now Hospital Manchester, 98 Bury Old Rd, Whitefield, Manchester, M45 6TQ 2Lakeshore Veterinary Specialists, 2100 W. Silver Spring Drive, Glendale, WI 53209 *Corresponding Author (rlliebelt@gmail.com) keywords: bacterial; culture; cystitis; dogs; luts; quc; qucs; sediment; signs; urinalysis; urine cache: ve01-273.htm plain text: ve01-273.txt item: #91 of 259 id: ve01-28 author: None title: ve01-28 date: None words: 4001 flesch: 36 summary: Question Are old dogs undergoing total hip replacement more predisposed to perioperative femoral fracture in comparison to young dogs? The evidence By reviewing the veterinary literature relative to the general complications and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty, a variation in the prevalence of femoral fractures was noticed. keywords: complications; dogs; fracture; hip; n=1; study; surgery; thr; total cache: ve01-28.htm plain text: ve01-28.txt item: #92 of 259 id: ve01-288 author: None title: ve01-288 date: None words: 4019 flesch: 37 summary: Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. Intervention details: Random allocation into treatment groups Each dog was randomly assigned to either a meloxicam, carprofen or ketoprofen treatment group Meloxicam treatment group = 10 subjects (n=10) Carprofen treatment group = 10 subjects (n=10) Ketoprofen treatment group = 10 subjects (n=10)   Administration of treatment Owners were instructed to provide treatment once a day (SID) in the morning after breakfast for 21 days   Dosage of treatment Meloxicam at 0.3 mg/kg per body weight Carprofen at 2.5 mg/kg per body weight Ketoprofen at 2 mg/kg per body weight   Collection of faeces on days 1 and days 21 Faeces were collected for haemoccult tests Study design: Clinical, randomised, blind study Outcome Studied: keywords: analysis; carprofen; day; dogs; group; meloxicam; osteoarthritis; study; treatment cache: ve01-288.htm plain text: ve01-288.txt item: #93 of 259 id: ve01-289 author: None title: ve01-289 date: None words: 4295 flesch: 46 summary: However, levels of disposable income, age and education are not necessarily a reliable indication of the value owners place on veterinary services or their willingness to spend money on their pet (Lee, 2006). The price of veterinary services may be deemed to be a significant choice criteria for clients however, there is little evidence to support this. keywords: animal; business; market; price; products; sector; segment; services; veterinary; work cache: ve01-289.htm plain text: ve01-289.txt item: #94 of 259 id: ve01-29 author: None title: ve01-29 date: None words: 2105 flesch: 44 summary: Surgical treatment was done in 3 cases, 1 case that failed to improve after conservative treatment was treated by tenodesis and 2 additional cases were treated by either tenodesis or tenolysis. Is there enough evidence to recommend surgical treatment as opposed to conservative treatment for dogs affected by bicipital tenosynovitis? a Knowledge Summary by Alexandra Penelas DVM1* 1University of Zurich, Vetsuisse Faculty, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland *Corresponding Author (apenelas@vetclinics.uzh.ch) keywords: bicipital; cases; dogs; good; treatment cache: ve01-29.htm plain text: ve01-29.txt item: #95 of 259 id: ve01-291 author: None title: ve01-291 date: None words: 2789 flesch: 40 summary: Epidural buprenorphine at 4 µg kg -1 appears to provide equivalent postoperative analgesia to epidural morphine at 0.1 mg kg-1. ‘A comparison of epidural buprenorphine with epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia following stifle surgery in dogs’, Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 28(2), pp. 87–96. keywords: buprenorphine; dogs; kg-1; knowledge; morphine; pain; study cache: ve01-291.htm plain text: ve01-291.txt item: #96 of 259 id: ve01-292 author: None title: ve01-292 date: None words: 4491 flesch: 41 summary: Specifically: dog 1: phenobarbital, pentobarbital dog 2: diazepam, acepromazine, atropine, phenobarbital, pentobarbital dog 3: lidocaine, diazepam, propofol, pentobarbital For dog 2, diazepam was administered initially 0.5–1.0 mg/kg IM and then IV, whilst for dog 3 only IV Study design: Retrospective, single centre, case series Outcome Studied: Describe intoxication aetiology for dogs with status epilepticus Describe clinical presentation Different management protocols 597/772 dogs were symptomatic Only 528/597 dogs developed increased muscular activity, such as tremor, twitching, muscle spasms or fasciculation, epileptic seizures or opisthotonos 290/597 dogs were presented with convulsions and 136/597 with tremors, whilst the rest had a variety of other neurological or extraneural signs There is no information whether the dogs were amenable or not to administration of oral medications upon presentation Treatment, on either symptomatic or asymptomatic intoxicated dogs was achieved with one, or more than one, of the medications below: benzodiazepines (392/772) barbiturates (227/772) propofol (90/772) acepromazine (70/772) isoflurane (4/772) methocarbamol (2/772) ketamine (1/772 keywords: benzodiazepines; diazepam; dogs; intoxication; metaldehyde; methocarbamol; muscle; study; treatment; tremors cache: ve01-292.htm plain text: ve01-292.txt item: #97 of 259 id: ve01-297 author: None title: ve01-297 date: None words: 2442 flesch: 45 summary: Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts on the OVID interface 1973 to Week 21 2019 PubMed accessed via the NCBI Website 1910 to May 2019 Search strategy: CAB Abstracts: dog or dogs or canine or canines or bitch or bitches or exp dogs/ or exp canis/ oe exp bitches/ cranial and cruciate tibial tuberosity advancement or TTA lateral or fabellar or fabellotibial or tibiofabellar or extracapsular or extra-capsular or LFS or de Angelis or ‘modified retinacular imbrication’ or MRIT 1 and 2 and 3 and 4   PubMed: dog or dogs or canine or canines or bitch or bitches cranial and cruciate tibial tuberosity advancement or TTA lateral OR fabellar OR fabellotibial OR tibiofabellar OR extracapsular OR extra-capsular OR LFS OR de Angelis OR ‘modified retinacular imbrication’ OR MRIT 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 Dates searches performed: 04/06/2019 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Only one technique included Wrong techniques Book chapters Expert opinions Reviews Articles not available in English Irrelevant to the PICO question Inclusion: Prospective and retrospective studies Compare outcomes for both TTA and LFS techniques in dogs weighing less than 15 kg Objective assessment of long term outcomes At least 6 months postoperative follow-up period Search Outcome Database Number of results Excluded – Article not in English Excluded – Reviews Excluded – Expert opinions Excluded – Not relevant to PICO question Total relevant papers CAB Abstracts 30 3 2 2 23 0 PubMed 20 0 1 1 18 0 Total relevant papers when duplicates removed 0 Conflict of Interest Next review date: 04 Jun 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I2.297 PICO question In dogs weighing under 15 kg with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease, does tibial tuberosity advancement lead to better long-term functional outcomes than lateral fabellar suture?   keywords: dogs; group; lfs; outcomes; term; tta cache: ve01-297.htm plain text: ve01-297.txt item: #98 of 259 id: ve01-299 author: None title: ve01-299 date: None words: 6171 flesch: 41 summary: Research around the efficacy of fluid therapy in humans focuses on fluid therapy volumes, and often refers to goal directed therapy (GDT) or zero-balance fluid therapy (Voldby & Brandstrup, 2016). Anaesthetic depth should be considered prior to administering or increasing fluid rates There is limited evidence-based research for fluid therapy rates in a veterinary context Limitations: The recommendations in the report are based on a limited number of research articles, providing minimal evidence to support these new recommendations The recommendations used are based on human evidence of over-infusion of fluids, including damage to the kidneys and the endothelial glycocalyx. keywords: blood; cats; dogs; doi; et al; fluid; hour; study; therapy; veterinary cache: ve01-299.htm plain text: ve01-299.txt item: #99 of 259 id: ve01-3 author: None title: ve01-3 date: None words: 552 flesch: 47 summary: Dates searches performed: 15 August 2015 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Non English language, Non-systematic reviews or conference papers. Vol 1, Issue 1 (2016) Published: 27 Jan 2016 Next Review date: 15 Aug 2017 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I1.3 Clinical bottom line There is no evidence on which to judge the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of kennel cough. keywords: non; steroidal cache: ve01-3.htm plain text: ve01-3.txt item: #100 of 259 id: ve01-300 author: None title: ve01-300 date: None words: 4141 flesch: 53 summary: Dogs receiving torasemide had a significantly increased plasma aldosterone concentration compared to both the placebo and furosemide treatments in both the control and MR groups. In dogs with congestive heart failure, is torasemide superior to furosemide as a first line diuretic treatment? a Knowledge Summary by Leo Packham BVetMed PGDip(VCP) MRCVS 1* 1University of Bristol, Langford Vets, Langford, Somerset, BS40 5DU *Corresponding Author (lafpackham@outlook.com) keywords: day; days; dogs; furosemide; heart; study; torasemide; treatment; urine cache: ve01-300.htm plain text: ve01-300.txt item: #101 of 259 id: ve01-301 author: None title: ve01-301 date: None words: 3785 flesch: 51 summary: Next review date: 30 Oct 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I3.301 PICO question In canines, does the oral administration of carprofen, when compared to meloxicam, result in fewer gastrointestinal side effects?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Three prospective randomised controlled trials were critically reviewed Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported Treatment with carprofen or meloxicam results in no significant difference in gastric lesion scoring, increased intestinal mucosal permeability or diminished small bowel absorptive capacity Conclusion There is insufficient evidence supporting preferential administration of carprofen or meloxicam to reduce gastrointestinal side effects   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. The owner is concerned about gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDS and you wish to find out if there is a scientific basis for the preferential treatment with carprofen or meloxicam for this. keywords: canines; carprofen; effects; et al; meloxicam cache: ve01-301.htm plain text: ve01-301.txt item: #102 of 259 id: ve01-303 author: None title: ve01-303 date: None words: 5417 flesch: 51 summary: All three found mean incision length was shorter in the OVE group and two (Lee et al., 2013; and Tallant et al., 2016) found that surgical duration was shorter in the OVE group. Only one paper (Lee et al., 2013) revealed a significant difference in pain scoring between groups, with the OVE group having lower scores at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours post-surgery. keywords: dogs; et al; group; incision; length; ove; ovh; surgery cache: ve01-303.htm plain text: ve01-303.txt item: #103 of 259 id: ve01-306 author: None title: ve01-306 date: None words: 4231 flesch: 53 summary: Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Major cross-match incompatibilities in 23/154 (14.9%) transfusion naïve cats and 15/55 (27%) previously transfused cats. The number of transfusion naïve cats was not reported. keywords: blood; cats; cross; match; reactions; study; transfusion; type cache: ve01-306.htm plain text: ve01-306.txt item: #104 of 259 id: ve01-307 author: None title: ve01-307 date: None words: 7255 flesch: 34 summary: Bags filled with ice every 2 hours or more frequently if necessary Treatment group: 69 horses received CDH Control group: 61 horses did not receive CDH Study design: Multicentre retrospective case series Outcome Studied: Development of laminitis diagnosis of laminitis based on Obel lameness grade (Obel, 1948), increased digital pulses, abnormal posture and inability or unwillingness to move Long-term outcome on horses that developed laminitis and discharged from hospital included telephone conversations with owners, trainers and referring veterinary surgeon Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): 27/130 horses (21%) developed laminitis, 103/130 horses (79%) did not 7/69 (10%) horses with CDH developed laminitis, 3/7 (43%) were euthanised prior to hospital discharge due to laminitis 20/61 (33%) horses with no CDH developed laminitis, 11/20 (55%) were euthanised prior to hospital discharge due to laminitis Horses were less likely to develop laminitis if they received CDH compared with horses that did not receive CDH (odds ratio 0.14; p=0.003). In all cases, the pedometer data showed an increase in count frequency in ambient temperature limbs 2–4 hours prior to visual recognition of weight shifting behaviour Hoof wall surface temperature (mean ± standard error): CDH limbs 4.2° ± 52°C ambient limbs 23.1° ± 1.4°C Limitations: Selection bias may have been introduced as study does not mention whether CDH limb was randomly selected or how selection of horses into different experimental groups was achieved Control tissue for histology was not from this study although had been harvested in an identical fashion Only Standardbred horses were included Small sample size van Eps & Pollitt (2009) Population: Clinically normal Standardbred horses (14 geldings, four mares). keywords: ambient; cdh; eps; horses; hours; lameness; laminitis; study; temperature; van cache: ve01-307.htm plain text: ve01-307.txt item: #105 of 259 id: ve01-308 author: None title: ve01-308 date: None words: 5932 flesch: 55 summary: PICO question In healthy dogs undergoing open wound management, does the topical application of honey, when compared to wounds treated with daily saline washes only, reduce the time to complete wound healing?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Two studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for answering the PICO; both were prospective randomised controlled trials Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported The studies demonstrated a possible effect size of clinical importance of the use of honey in the treatment of canine wounds in terms of time to complete wound healing and antibacterial effect. However, the strength of the evidence provided by both studies is severely weakened by flaws in trial design, implementation and reporting, and the possible risk of pseudo replication between the two trials reported Conclusion The use of topical honey in canine open wound management may reduce time to complete wound healing. keywords: day; et al; healing; honey; htg; jalali; wound cache: ve01-308.htm plain text: ve01-308.txt item: #106 of 259 id: ve01-309 author: None title: ve01-309 date: None words: 5585 flesch: 41 summary: When mares are diagnosed with placentitis antibiotics may be prescribed either for the remaining length of pregnancy or in a pulsatile manner (LeBlanc, 2010; Christensen et al., 2010; Curcio et al., 2017; Bailey et al., 2010; and Ryan et al., 2008). 5/6 studies included altrenogest (Macpherson et al., 2013; Christensen et al., 2010; Curcio et al., 2017; Bailey et al., 2010; and Ryan et al., 2008), single studies evaluated flunixin (Murchie et al., 2006), acetylcystine (Christensen et al., 2010), and estradiol cypionate (Curcio et al., 2017). keywords: antibiotics; curcio et; days; et al; foals; group; mares; placentitis; studies; treatment cache: ve01-309.htm plain text: ve01-309.txt item: #107 of 259 id: ve01-31 author: None title: ve01-31 date: None words: 1509 flesch: 39 summary: Wucherer et al. (2013) compared, in a randomised controlled trial, overweight dogs with CCLR which were assigned to a non-surgical (physical therapy, NSAID administration and weight loss) and a surgical (TPLO) + physical therapy treatment group. Objective: Radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and functional/clinical scores (PVF, stifle joint range of motion and thigh circumference) Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Increase of PVF from 3 weeks to 24 months but no significant difference between both groups Mean PVF at 3 weeks evaluation: LFS group (17.57 ±70) and TPLO group (20.65 ± 1.73) keywords: dogs; group; rehabilitation; tplo; treatment cache: ve01-31.htm plain text: ve01-31.txt item: #108 of 259 id: ve01-311 author: None title: ve01-311 date: None words: 1610 flesch: 37 summary: There is some evidence of in vitro efficacy of garlic application across parasitised species and ectoparasites from various phyla, which suggests that it may have its place as a plant-based ectoparasiticide for the ethnoveterinary based treatment of some species. Topical (Gholipour-Kanai et al., 2012; and Fridman et al., 2014) or oral (Fridman et al., 2014) application of garlic extracts have also been shown to effectively reduce or eliminate ectoparasitism by the protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (host was a Sail Fin Molly fish; Gholipour-Kanai et al., 2012) and various trematode Mongean species (host was a Guppy fish; Fridman et al, 2014). keywords: application; dogs; evidence; garlic cache: ve01-311.htm plain text: ve01-311.txt item: #109 of 259 id: ve01-313 author: None title: ve01-313 date: None words: 8222 flesch: 53 summary: A greater percentage of alfaxalone group puppies (n = 213) were positive for all four health vigour assessments compared with the propofol group (n = 131): Withdrawal reflex (95.8% in alfaxalone group vs 93.1% in propofol group) Suction reflex (93.9% vs 84.0%) Anogenital reflex (82.7% vs 80.9%) Flexion reflex (90.1% vs 83.2%) Metcalfe et al. (2014) recorded the reflexes that each puppy showed following delivery and found that a greater percentage of alfaxalone group puppies were positive for all four health vigour assessments compared with the propofol group. keywords: alfaxalone; anaesthesia; bitches; caesarean; et al; group; induction; propofol; puppies; puppy; section; studies cache: ve01-313.htm plain text: ve01-313.txt item: #110 of 259 id: ve01-315 author: None title: ve01-315 date: None words: 995 flesch: 60 summary: AUTHORS --> Peter Cockcroft MA VetMB MSc DCHP DVM&S DipECBHM MBA MRCVS1*

1University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Daphne Jackson Rd, Guildford GU2 7AL
* John Carr

William Chandler

Wye Chong

Peter Clegg

Peter Cockcroft

Jacqueline Cole

Polly Compston

Elena Contrera

Matthieu Cousty

Gwendoline Covey-Crump

James Patrick Crilly

keywords: initiatives; peter; size; veterinary cache: ve01-315.htm plain text: ve01-315.txt item: #111 of 259 id: ve01-316 author: None title: ve01-316 date: None words: 3568 flesch: 54 summary: Corn excision was performed if the corn would still be left on the weight-bearing part of the pad after reconstruction. In one study, canine papillomavirus was isolated from corn lesions in two Greyhounds (Anis et al., 2016). keywords: case; corns; dogs; evidence; excision; lameness; pad; recurrence cache: ve01-316.htm plain text: ve01-316.txt item: #112 of 259 id: ve01-317 author: None title: ve01-317 date: None words: 9551 flesch: 54 summary: Primed MSC treatment group – Seven horses received allogenic pooled bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) (10 x 106 cells) primed by tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma in 2 ml of solution at weeks 2 and 5, IA into their radio-carpal joint. After 2 months, average lameness score was 1.25/5 in the control group, 1.5/5 in the naïve MSC treatment group and 1/5 in the primed MSC group. keywords: control; et al; group; horses; joint; lameness; msc; score; study; treatment; treatment group cache: ve01-317.htm plain text: ve01-317.txt item: #113 of 259 id: ve01-318 author: None title: ve01-318 date: None words: 8434 flesch: 48 summary: Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Postoperative pain score In the second hour postoperatively, dogs in Group A had significantly (p=0.01) higher pain scores (median of 8) compared to dogs in Group B (median of 6). In the fourth hour postoperatively, dogs in Group A had significantly (p=0.01) higher pain scores (median of 7) compared to dogs in Group B (median of 6). keywords: acepromazine; anaesthesia; blood; dogs; group; induction; mean; medetomidine; pain; pressure; study; surgery cache: ve01-318.htm plain text: ve01-318.txt item: #114 of 259 id: ve01-319 author: None title: ve01-319 date: None words: 2530 flesch: 42 summary: [mp=abstract, title, original title, broad terms, heading words, identifier, cabicodes] 1 and 2 and 3 Medline: (dog or dogs or bitch or bitches or puppy or puppies) (caesarean section or caesarean sections or cesarean section or cesarean sections) (mortality or mortalities or mortality rate or mortality rates) 1 and 2 and 3 Science Direct: (dog or dogs or bitch or bitches or puppy or puppies) AND (caesarean section or caesarean sections or cesarean section or cesarean sections) AND (mortality or mortalities or mortality rate or mortality rates) Dates searches performed: CAB Abstracts 27th September 2019 Medline 10th October 2019 Science Direct 25th October 2019 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Irrelevant to PICO question, articles that do not discuss both emergency and elective caesarean sections, articles not written in the English language, conference abstract, duplicates, chapters or sections from a textbook, articles without full access, feline caesarean sections. [mp=abstract, title, original title, broad terms, heading words, identifier, cabicodes] (caesarean section or caesarean sections or cesarean section or cesarean sections).mp. keywords: caesarean; elective; mortality; puppies; question; sections cache: ve01-319.htm plain text: ve01-319.txt item: #115 of 259 id: ve01-32 author: None title: ve01-32 date: None words: 4601 flesch: 50 summary: When considering treatment options for ST dogs, it is important to note that many of the patients failed to respond to conservative management prior to presentation as 74.6% of patients failed to respond to NSAID therapy and 40.8% failed to respond to rehabilitation therapy. Vol 1, Issue 3 (2016) Published: 04 July 2016 Reviewed by: Wanda Gordon-Evans (DVM, PhD, DACVS DACVSMR) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I3.32 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES | SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ABSTRACT Objective: To report clinical findings and treatments for dogs with supraspinatus tendinopathy (ST). keywords: cases; dogs; findings; journal; medicine; pathology; shoulder; supraspinatus; tendon; therapy cache: ve01-32.htm plain text: ve01-32.txt item: #116 of 259 id: ve01-320 author: None title: ve01-320 date: None words: 4130 flesch: 41 summary: An assessment of the impact of educational interventions on hand hygiene compliance a Knowledge Summary by Carla Husband BSc(Hons) RVN 1* Abbie McMillan BSc(Hons) RVN 1 Lauren Sweeney BSc(Hons) RVN 1 1University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Ave, Bristol BS8 1TH *Corresponding Author (ch16490@bristol.ac.uk) Next review date: 15 Oct 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I3.320 PICO question In small animal veterinary professions, does implementation of an educational intervention, when compared to no intervention, improve hand hygiene compliance?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Three papers were critically appraised. keywords: animal; compliance; data; effect; hand; hygiene; intervention; post; veterinary cache: ve01-320.htm plain text: ve01-320.txt item: #117 of 259 id: ve01-325 author: None title: ve01-325 date: None words: 4798 flesch: 56 summary: In BUP group dogs were given supplemental analgesia 1 hr after extubation and only with butorphanol. Campagnol et al. (2012) Population: Client owned rescue dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy Sample size: 30 female dogs randomly assigned to three groups Intervention details: keywords: analgesia; bupivacaine; dogs; group; hrs; pain; study cache: ve01-325.htm plain text: ve01-325.txt item: #118 of 259 id: ve01-33 author: None title: ve01-33 date: None words: 5521 flesch: 48 summary: Our specific aims were to determine if hair coat clipping affects TC measurement, to determine the intra- and inter-observer variability of TC under constant conditions using an affixed limb, and to evaluate the effect of laser guidance on inter- and intra-observer variability of TC measurements in a clinical setting. Table 1: Phase 1 Cadaveric data - Inter- and intra-observer variability of TC measurement (in cm) for measurements at all different inflation levels combined Table 2: Phase 1 Cadaveric data - Comparison of TC measurements made by all observers at different inflation levels and different hair lengths Phase 2: Live dog data – Eight clinically healthy Golden Retrievers were used. keywords: et al; hair; laser; measurements; observer; study; variability cache: ve01-33.htm plain text: ve01-33.txt item: #119 of 259 id: ve01-331 author: None title: ve01-331 date: None words: 3711 flesch: 44 summary: Ovariohysterectomy versus ovariectomy for elective sterilization of female dogs and cats: is the removal of the uterus necessary? Janssens & Janssens (1991) Population: Ovariectomised female dogs from 27 different breeds. keywords: bitches; dogs; follow; group; ovariectomy; ovariohysterectomy; surgery cache: ve01-331.htm plain text: ve01-331.txt item: #120 of 259 id: ve01-335 author: None title: ve01-335 date: None words: 5082 flesch: 52 summary: 26/30 dogs were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis; 15/26 atopic dogs started immunotherapy at the end of the study and 4/26 dogs 3 weeks before the end of the study and 7/26 atopic dogs did not start immunotherapy during the study period. Dates searches performed: 02 April 2020 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Review articles, articles not available in English, book chapters and conference proceedings, non-peer-reviewed journals and articles that did not compare antihistamines to glucocorticoids in atopic dogs therefore were not relevant to the PICO question. keywords: atopic; day; dermatitis; dogs; group; pruritus cache: ve01-335.htm plain text: ve01-335.txt item: #121 of 259 id: ve01-337 author: None title: ve01-337 date: None words: 6888 flesch: 41 summary: This could affect results as you cannot credit any success to one treatment alone Owner questionnaire was with a visual analog scale which can be inaccurate depending on owner interpretation and understanding Study was performed on FIC cats with only obstructive FIC with the measured outcome being repeat obstruction. Group 2 (n=6) received placebo with the same dosing schedule for 10 days (two female, four male) Hospitalised for 10 days Study design: Double blinded clinical study Outcome Studied: For first 10 days urine analysis was completed daily 4 and 18 days after discontinuation of therapy urinalysis and bacterial urine cultures were performed Daily observation of clinical signs for first 10 days to look for a reduction is dysuria, haematuria and struvite presence in urine Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Dysuria subsided after a mean of 1.5 days in both groups Haematuria reduced after a mean of 3.2 days in prednisolone treated cats and 3.5 days in placebo treated cats A 10 day course of prednisolone had no clinical benefit over the placebo Limitations: Patients were hospitalised throughout, potentially increasing stress and exacerbating any clinical signs Act of collecting urine daily and medicating everyday has potential to increase stress and exacerbate clinical signs. keywords: cats; cystitis; days; feline; fic; group; placebo; signs; size; study; treatment cache: ve01-337.htm plain text: ve01-337.txt item: #122 of 259 id: ve01-339 author: None title: ve01-339 date: None words: 3290 flesch: 39 summary: Does meniscal release confer similar clinical benefits to meniscal tear treatment when compared to meniscectomy? a Knowledge Summary by Ben Garland BVetMed CertAVP(GSAS) Next review date: 02 Apr 2020 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V5I4.339 PICO question In adult dogs with naturally occurring medial meniscal tears concurrent to cranial cruciate ligament disease does meniscal release confer the same benefits in lameness resolution as meniscectomy?   keywords: dogs; doi; ligament; meniscectomy; outcome; release; surgery; treatment cache: ve01-339.htm plain text: ve01-339.txt item: #123 of 259 id: ve01-34 author: None title: ve01-34 date: None words: 2454 flesch: 40 summary: Inclusion: Any link between evidence based practice and non-clinical benefits to veterinarians. Objective assessment of the factors influencing good clinical decision making. keywords: benefits; business; ebvm; evidence; making; veterinary cache: ve01-34.htm plain text: ve01-34.txt item: #124 of 259 id: ve01-340 author: None title: ve01-340 date: None words: 3899 flesch: 52 summary: Methodology Section Search Strategy Databases searched and dates covered: CAB Abstracts on CAB Direct 1973 – 2020 Week 18 PubMed on NCBI interface 1920 – May 2020 Search strategy: CAB Abstracts: (canine or canines or dog or dogs) (anaesthe* or anesthe*) (gastroprotectant* or gastro-protectant* or protectant* or omeprazole or esomeprazole or cisapride or maropitant or metoclopramide or ranitidine) (((gastro* or gastric) and reflux) or GOR or GER) 1 and 2 and 3 and 4   PubMed: (canine or canines or dog or dogs) (anaesthesia or anesthesia or anaesthetic or anesthetic) (gastroprotectant or gastro-protectant or protectant or omeprazole or esomeprazole or cisapride or maropitant or metoclopramide or ranitidine) ((gastro or gastric) and reflux) or GOR or GER 5. 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 Dates searches performed: 14 May 2020 Exclusion / Inclusion Criteria Exclusion: Studies that did not include anaesthesia, were not English, wrong species or were not related to PICO Inclusion: Peer-reviewed journals, veterinary journals, full papers, dogs Search Outcome Database Number of results Excluded – Not peer-reviewed Excluded – Did not answer the PICO question Excluded – Anything other than veterinary journals Excluded – Not in English Total relevant papers CAB Abstracts 9 1 3 0 0 5 PubMed 10 0 6 0 0 4 Total relevant papers when duplicates removed 5 Conflict of Interest In dogs undergoing anaesthesia do pre-anaesthetic gastroprotectants reduce gastro-oesophageal reflux? a Knowledge Summary by Leanne June Barry RVN Cert VNECC PgCert APVN 1* 1University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ *Corresponding Author (leanne_barry@hotmail.com) keywords: anaesthesia; dogs; gor; group; study cache: ve01-340.htm plain text: ve01-340.txt item: #125 of 259 id: ve01-341 author: None title: ve01-341 date: None words: 5048 flesch: 39 summary: Subjective assessment of recovery quality score (1–5) using a previously described scoring system (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2010) Objective measurement of time until extubation, time to sternal recumbency and time until standing were recorded Paper does not specify who scored recovery Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Quality of recovery did not significantly differ between groups (p = 0.109) More horses in Group 1 stood at the first attempt (it is unclear how many horses this applied to) Recovery times did not differ between the two groups Limitations: Subjective recovery quality scores Next review date: 30 Jan 2022 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I1.341 PICO question In horses undergoing volatile anaesthesia with isoflurane or sevoflurane, does administration of an alpha-2 agonist as a CRI compared to anaesthetic maintenance with volatile alone improve recovery quality?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Eight papers were critically appraised. keywords: anaesthesia; cri; et al; group; horses; quality; recovery; time cache: ve01-341.htm plain text: ve01-341.txt item: #126 of 259 id: ve01-343 author: None title: ve01-343 date: None words: 328 flesch: 26 summary: Veterinary research is often dictated by top down approaches where funding bodies have specific topics which they are prepared to fund. The application of evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) can improve and optimise: diagnosis, prognosis, control, treatment of animals, provide informed choices for owners, enable veterinarians to defend their decisions scientifically, provide the user with a methodology for appropriate,  patient orientated life-long, self-directed learning, identify information deficits in the literature and direct clinical research (Cockcroft and Holmes 2003). keywords: research cache: ve01-343.htm plain text: ve01-343.txt item: #127 of 259 id: ve01-345 author: None title: ve01-345 date: None words: 7487 flesch: 47 summary: Implications The present research suggests conversations between veterinarians and pet owners regarding online pet health information can positively impact the professional relationship, provided pet owners view veterinarians’ reactions to the online information disclosure to be positive. There was a relationship between pet owners’ perceptions of their relationships with their veterinarians and how pet owners perceived their veterinarians’ reactions to their disclosure of online pet health information searches. keywords: doi; health; health information; information; internet; journal; medical; online; owners; pet; relationship; research; searches; study; veterinarians; veterinary cache: ve01-345.htm plain text: ve01-345.txt item: #128 of 259 id: ve01-349 author: None title: ve01-349 date: None words: 14066 flesch: 45 summary: This literature review supports the use of veterinary telemedicine for teleconsultations, and using wearable and mobile health (mHealth) devices for monitoring animal health. Overall, veterinary telemedicine and telehealth can provide positive results.   keywords: american; animal; association; care; client; data; dogs; doi; et al; information; journal; medical; october; owners; practice; remote; smartphone; study; telehealth; telemedicine; time; use; veterinarians; veterinary; visits cache: ve01-349.htm plain text: ve01-349.txt item: #129 of 259 id: ve01-352 author: None title: ve01-352 date: None words: 2933 flesch: 49 summary: There are a number of management options for horse owners to try, none of which are resoundingly successful and provide individual levels of relief (Mills et al., 2002). Median remission times appear to be longer with repeated treatment of EquiPENS™ compared to electroacupuncture Conclusion The evidence for EquiPENS™ treatment is more robust than for electroacupuncture, and remission defined more clearly, and so could be recommended with greater confidence   How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. keywords: days; evidence; headshaking; horses; remission; treatment; weeks cache: ve01-352.htm plain text: ve01-352.txt item: #130 of 259 id: ve01-356 author: None title: ve01-356 date: None words: 7077 flesch: 53 summary: Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Mean LOV group pain scores equal or lower than OVE group at all postoperative time points. Postoperative pain scores using visual analogue scale (VAS), University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and short form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours after surgery by three trained assessors. keywords: animals; blinded; dogs; group; hours; laparoscopic; loh; pain; scores; study; surgery; technique; time cache: ve01-356.htm plain text: ve01-356.txt item: #131 of 259 id: ve01-357 author: None title: ve01-357 date: None words: 4113 flesch: 30 summary: Two more recent studies (Favarato et al., 2012; and Lidbury et al., 2012) investigating ranitidine administered at 2 mg/kg either orally or intravenously to healthy dogs who failed to show GI motility enhancement. In light of all the above, it is fair to conclude that ranitidine has shown effective prokinetic activity in vitro and in vivo when healthy experimental dogs have been evaluated, although often at dosages higher than the ones commonly recommended in clinical practice. keywords: dogs; et al; gastric; motor; ranitidine cache: ve01-357.htm plain text: ve01-357.txt item: #132 of 259 id: ve01-358 author: None title: ve01-358 date: None words: 6586 flesch: 51 summary: But what actually defines quality care? It is easiest to describe quality care within the context of human medicine, as it is in this sector where the majority of the literature is based. keywords: benchmarking; care; doi; healthcare; improvement; journal; knowledge; management; medicine; methods; nhs; practice; quality; quality care; quality improvement; research; veterinary cache: ve01-358.htm plain text: ve01-358.txt item: #133 of 259 id: ve01-36 author: None title: ve01-36 date: None words: 2880 flesch: 54 summary: METHODS Sample Collection   Electronic medical records at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed for Achilles tendon injuries between 2005-2010. A 6-fold increase in Achilles tendon injury is seen in humans with genetic variation found at the tenascin C gene locus15. keywords: achilles; canine; gene; journal; snps; tendon; tnc cache: ve01-36.htm plain text: ve01-36.txt item: #134 of 259 id: ve01-372 author: None title: ve01-372 date: None words: 8556 flesch: 55 summary: Should doses exceeding 0.2 mg/kg of oral meloxicam be given to reduce surgical recovery time in rabbits and should twice daily administration be considered? a Knowledge Summary by Eleanor Best BVSc MSc MRCVS 1* 1University of Bristol Veterinary School, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU *Corresponding Author (elliebest1001@gmail.com) Next review date: 29 Mar 2023 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I3.372 PICO question In reducing surgical recovery time in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), should doses exceeding 0.2 mg/kg of oral meloxicam be given and is twice daily administration more effective than a single daily dose?   Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Nine papers were critically reviewed, yet no studies were found to directly investigate the effects of twice daily dosing with meloxicam postoperatively in rabbits. keywords: administration; days; dose; group; hours; meloxicam; plasma; rabbits; study; surgery cache: ve01-372.htm plain text: ve01-372.txt item: #135 of 259 id: ve01-373 author: None title: ve01-373 date: None words: 4132 flesch: 53 summary: Population: Adult horses categorised as free of lameness by using objective lameness measurement: Four geldings, 12 mares Four Brazilian Warmblood horses and 12 crossbreeds Sample size: 16 horses Intervention details: Metal clamps were placed on the hoof wall of either the right or the left hindlimb (random selection) and tightened until horses showed a 3–4/5 AAEP lameness grade. The study only looked at the effects up to 5 minutes postsedation and so may have limited relevance to clinical lameness investigations where horses are evaluated over longer periods. keywords: horses; lameness; sedation; study; xylazine cache: ve01-373.htm plain text: ve01-373.txt item: #136 of 259 id: ve01-38 author: None title: ve01-38 date: None words: 5122 flesch: 41 summary: As with much of the literature on veterinary business management, there is a lot written about managing competition but we were not able to identify any empirical evidence. Findings from student and recent graduate surveys show that students find clinical subjects to be more important for their career than business management skills (Rhind et al., 2011) and, the teaching of practice and business management is one of the top underrepresented non-clinical topics in the veterinary curriculum. keywords: business; curriculum; education; et al; management; medical; non; practice; skills; students; veterinary cache: ve01-38.htm plain text: ve01-38.txt item: #137 of 259 id: ve01-381 author: None title: ve01-381 date: None words: 11269 flesch: 56 summary: The authors suggest that the log (T:B) could be used as an indicator of the degree of lymphoma cell infiltration to predict prognosis, however this would need to be investigated in further studies as it has not been confirmed that log (T:B) correlates with prognosis, nor is it clear that that the B and T-cells are the neoplastic cells in question. Samples were taken from affected lymph nodes of study dogs. keywords: cell; cell lymphoma; dogs; et al; expression; flow; grade; ki67; lymphoma; prognostic; study; survival; time cache: ve01-381.htm plain text: ve01-381.txt item: #138 of 259 id: ve01-382 author: None title: ve01-382 date: None words: 4625 flesch: 45 summary: One dog included in the study was administered dextrose before blood glucose was measured which can elevate blood glucose measurements therefore causing a greater difference between blood and peritoneal fluid glucose concentrations. BFG difference is more reliable for diagnosis of SP than peritoneal fluid glucose measurements alone. keywords: blood; dogs; fluid; glucose; peritoneal; results; septic; study cache: ve01-382.htm plain text: ve01-382.txt item: #139 of 259 id: ve01-383 author: None title: ve01-383 date: None words: 9132 flesch: 50 summary: The survey questions covered: preferred QI terminology; actual and desired time spent on QI activities; use of RCVS Knowledge QI tools; QI training; impact of QI on their practice and veterinary care more widely; barriers and challenges in engaging with QI; who is responsible for driving QI; what support is needed to be involved in QI; and awareness, understanding and views of the RCVS Code of Professional Conduct, and the PSS. The survey explored which RCVS Knowledge QI tools were used by the survey participants over the past 6 months which is when they were launched. keywords: activities; animal; care; healthcare; improvement; knowledge; practice; profession; quality; rcvs; research; sector; survey; time; veterinary cache: ve01-383.htm plain text: ve01-383.txt item: #140 of 259 id: ve01-384 author: None title: ve01-384 date: None words: 2207 flesch: 43 summary: Outcome Studied: Sensitivity of non-contrast CT versus MRI for detecting intervertebral disc herniation. Dachshunds were the least likely breed to need additional imaging (on top of non-contrast CT imaging) with only 12/335 (3.6%) of dachshunds requiring further imaging compared to 30/220 (13.6%) of other dog breeds. keywords: disc; dogs; imaging; mri; thoracolumbar cache: ve01-384.htm plain text: ve01-384.txt item: #141 of 259 id: ve01-388 author: None title: ve01-388 date: None words: 6328 flesch: 52 summary: In order to definitively answer the present clinical question, a prospective, randomised clinical trial, with pre-determined standardised outcome measurements, comparing THR treated dogs to FHO treated dogs with naturally occurring hip dysplasia would be necessary. Of the literature that solely addresses total hip replacement outcome, five studies are prospective case series and five are retrospective case series. keywords: case; dogs; dysplasia; hip; months; outcome; owner; pain; series; study; thr cache: ve01-388.htm plain text: ve01-388.txt item: #142 of 259 id: ve01-389 author: None title: ve01-389 date: None words: 850 flesch: 42 summary: However, the potential negative impacts of not treating uncomplicated corneal ulcers with topical ophthalmic antibacterials could be significant, possibly resulting in secondary ocular infections, melting deep corneal ulcers, and may eventually lead to loss of vision or loss of the eye. In dogs with uncomplicated corneal ulcers, do antibacterial eye drops reduce the risk of infection? a Knowledge Summary by Sery Johnson BS 1* Wanda J Gordon-Evans DVM PhD DACVS DACVSMR 1 1University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, 1365 Gortner Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA *Corresponding Author (joh10898@umn.edu) keywords: dogs; evidence; knowledge cache: ve01-389.htm plain text: ve01-389.txt item: #143 of 259 id: ve01-39 author: None title: ve01-39 date: None words: 2236 flesch: 48 summary: Population: Comparing lymphocyte function in heat stressed and cooled multiparous lactating cows Sample size: 21 heat stressed and 16 cooled lactating cows (from 42 days pre calving) Intervention details: Cooling system had fans and sprinklers active at greater than 21°C Study design: Cohort study Outcome Studied: mRNA expression of prolactin receptor PRL-R, Suppressor of cytokine activity proteins SOCS-1, SOCS-2, SOCS-3, cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein, and heat shock protein 70 typed at Kilodalton A5 (or HSPA5) Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Heat stress: Had greater prolactin (PRL) in plasma Had lower lymphocyte proliferation Had lower SOCS (suppressors of cytokine function) levels Had lower TNFα expression Had lower PRL receptor expression Limitations: Low cow numbers Did not concentrate on many innate, Th1 parameters Did not mention the difference in temperature of cooled vs heat stressed groups Lacetera (2002) Most papers compare cooled cows to heat stressed cows and either focus on outcomes in vivo or from leukocytes taken from the cows and subsequent functions in vitro. Cows or leukocytes in cooled conditions appear to have: Lower rectal temperatures Lower respiratory rates Lower cortisol levels in plasma Higher milk yield (3.8L/d) Higher IL10,2, neutrophil count, Lower TNF α, Lower suppressors of cytokine function Higher viability of leukocytes No effect on Ig levels in colostrum Better migration of lymphocytes to udder Higher prolactin receptor expression Lower prolactin production Higher heat shock transcription factor HSTF1 and heat shock protein HSP72 expression (but(B. U. Lacetera N. 2006) states that the function of the latter molecule remains unknown) but post-transcriptive effects are not determined. keywords: cows; dairy; heat; pico; stress; study cache: ve01-39.htm plain text: ve01-39.txt item: #144 of 259 id: ve01-390 author: None title: ve01-390 date: None words: 3422 flesch: 37 summary: Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Intestinal anastomosis is associated with a higher mean probability of death than enterotomy with a diagnosis of intestinal foreign body. Enterotomy versus intestinal resection anastomosis: morbidity and mortality rates in 135 dogs and 85 cats. keywords: anastomosis; body; dogs; factors; fields; mortality; resection; surgery cache: ve01-390.htm plain text: ve01-390.txt item: #145 of 259 id: ve01-391 author: None title: ve01-391 date: None words: 6169 flesch: 42 summary: Objective assessments: pulmonary function endobronchial and peripheral lung biopsy histology and morphometric analysis/ airway smooth muscle mass measurements BALF cytology Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Prior to stabling there was no significant difference in pulmonary function between the asthma and control groups Significant decrease in pulmonary function in the asthma group after 30 days compared to the control group Significant increase in neutrophil percentage of BALF in asthma group after 1 and 30 days Mean airway smooth muscle mass was significantly increased in asthma horses compared to controls at all time points Limitations: Assessors were not blinded Small sample size Leclere et al. (2011) Population: Adult horses with asthma (heaves) Age-matched healthy control horses Case selection of asthma horses (n=6): 3–10 year history of asthma Reversible airway obstruction when exposed to hay Otherwise healthy based on clinical exam, CBC and biochemistry Selection of controls (n=5): Age-matched clinically normal horses Sample size: 11 horses Intervention details: keywords: asthma; cpg; equine; function; group; horses; iii; inhalation; point; study; time; treatment cache: ve01-391.htm plain text: ve01-391.txt item: #146 of 259 id: ve01-392 author: None title: ve01-392 date: None words: 7412 flesch: 48 summary: Conclusions EBVM is gaining momentum and ‘EBVM Learning’ has the potential to make a valuable contribution to the training of the next generation of EBVM practitioners across the globe. The aim of the current project ‘EBVM Learning II’ (undertaken in 2019) was to review the online resource ‘EBVM Learning’ to ensure its ongoing relevance and usefulness to the range of learners engaged in EBVM. keywords: doi; ebvm; evidence; feedback; knowledge; learning; medicine; phd; practice; practitioners; research; resource; students; teaching; time; university; veterinary cache: ve01-392.htm plain text: ve01-392.txt item: #147 of 259 id: ve01-393 author: None title: ve01-393 date: None words: 6175 flesch: 55 summary: 5/13 dogs in the treatment group received metronidazole: Mean days of resolution of diarrhoea in probiotic dogs that did not receive metronidazole: 3.33 ±26 days (based on reviewer’s calculation). 9/18 dogs in the control group received metronidazole: Mean days to resolution of diarrhoea in placebo dogs that did not receive metronidazole: 6.11 ±88 days (based on reviewer’s calculation). keywords: acute; days; diarrhoea; dogs; et al; group; metronidazole; placebo; probiotic; resolution; study; treatment cache: ve01-393.htm plain text: ve01-393.txt item: #148 of 259 id: ve01-399 author: None title: ve01-399 date: None words: 3639 flesch: 34 summary: However, an inherent limitation of bone cytology is related to the rate of non-diagnostic specimens, which appears to be relatively low, but it should be taken into consideration and properly communicated to the owner. Study design: Diagnostic validity prospective study Outcome Studied: Sensitivity and specificity of FNA cytology for the diagnosis of canine osteosarcoma using histopathology as a gold standard Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): 4/36 (11.1%) specimens were non-diagnostic. keywords: bone; cytology; diagnosis; evidence; histopathology; osteosarcoma; sensitivity; specificity cache: ve01-399.htm plain text: ve01-399.txt item: #149 of 259 id: ve01-40 author: None title: ve01-40 date: None words: 3226 flesch: 55 summary: 162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-8-162 Straker, L. and Campbell, A. (2012) Translation equations to compare ActiGraph GT3X and Actical accelerometers activity counts. Scatterplot matrix of activity count data for P1-P4. keywords: activity; collar; counts; device; placement cache: ve01-40.htm plain text: ve01-40.txt item: #150 of 259 id: ve01-41 author: None title: ve01-41 date: None words: 4728 flesch: 53 summary: Vol 1, Issue 3 (2016) Published: 04 July 2016 Reviewed by: Erik Fausak (MSLIS, MA, CVT, LVT, RLAT) DOI: 10.18849/VE.V1I3.41 SECTION INDEX:    ABSTRACT | INTRODUCTION | METHODS | RESULTS | DISCUSSION | CONFLICT OF INTEREST | REFERENCES | SUPPLEMENTARY FILES ABSTRACT Objective: The research question of our study was to determine the adoption and use of mobile devices and online services by veterinary students. Application: Veterinary students, and thus the next generation of veterinary practitioners, are using mobile devices to a high extent. keywords: devices; education; information; learning; mobile; students; survey; use cache: ve01-41.htm plain text: ve01-41.txt item: #151 of 259 id: ve01-437 author: None title: ve01-437 date: None words: 634 flesch: 31 summary: The strains referred to with the DSM codes, and that were published in the Knowledge Summary are as follows: Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 24733; Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 24730; Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 24735; Lactobacillus delbruckeii subspecies bulgaricus DSM 24734; Bifidobacterium longum DSM 24736; Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 24737; Bifidobacterium breve DSM 24732; Streptococcus thermophilus DSM 24731. In particular, the recent testing has determined that, contrary to representations in such products’ information and marketing materials: – DSM 24731 does not contain Streptococcus thermophilus but rather, Lactobacillus plantarum; – DSM 24734 does not contain Lactobacillus delbruckeii subspieces bulgar-icus but rather Pediococcus pentosaceus; – DSM 24735 does not contain Lactobacillus acidophilus but rather Lacto-bacillus plantarum; – DSM 24736 does not contain Bifidobacterium longum but rather Bifidobacterium animalis; and – DSM 24737 does not contain Bifidobacterium infantis but rather a mix of various bacteria including Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis. keywords: dsm; lactobacillus cache: ve01-437.htm plain text: ve01-437.txt item: #152 of 259 id: ve01-438 author: None title: ve01-438 date: None words: 4766 flesch: 47 summary: The treatment endpoint for the group receiving local corticosteroid treatment was AH resolution. The study did not, however, provide a clear comparison of local instillation of corticosteroid to daily drainage alone, since systemic treatment was used in addition to local corticosteroid treatment. keywords: cases; corticosteroid; dogs; drainage; group; haematoma; instillation; study; treatment cache: ve01-438.htm plain text: ve01-438.txt item: #153 of 259 id: ve01-439 author: None title: ve01-439 date: None words: 5019 flesch: 44 summary: Statistical analysis: Mann-Whitney U test to evaluate differences in age and body weight across treatment groups. No statistically significant differences between treatment groups on exam parameters during hospitalisation and 10–14 day post-discharge recheck (temperature, body weight, respiratory rate, heart rate, haematuria). keywords: catheter; cats; days; feline; fic; group; meloxicam; risk; signs; size; study; treatment; use cache: ve01-439.htm plain text: ve01-439.txt item: #154 of 259 id: ve01-44 author: None title: ve01-44 date: None words: 1537 flesch: 53 summary: This manuscript used evidence based statistical methods that estimate clinical treatment effect rather than whether groups were statistically different. There are several ways to estimate effect size including Cohen’s d and the numbers needed to treat or harm.  keywords: effect; size cache: ve01-44.htm plain text: ve01-44.txt item: #155 of 259 id: ve01-443 author: None title: ve01-443 date: None words: 3397 flesch: 48 summary: Population: Retrospective Study #1: Dogs that had undergone splenectomy were compared with records of dogs that had undergone other abdominal surgery at a referral hospital between 1999 and 2007. Next review date: 15 Jun 2021 DOI: 10.18849/VE.V6I4.443 PICO question In dogs that have undergone a complete splenectomy, does performing a concurrent gastropexy decrease the risk of future gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) development when compared to not performing a concurrent gastropexy?   keywords: control; dogs; gastropexy; gdv; group; splenectomy; study cache: ve01-443.htm plain text: ve01-443.txt item: #156 of 259 id: ve01-444 author: None title: ve01-444 date: None words: 3117 flesch: 46 summary: Limitations: While rural coyotes were sampled in this study, urban coyotes do not seem to be included in the study population. Dates searches performed: 10 Nov 2021 Exclusion / Inclusion criteria Exclusion: Not in English Study area is outside the US Borrelia burgdorferi not actually measured / not in coyotes Urban / rural distinction not made for tested coyotes Not peer-reviewed Inclusion: English Study area is within the US Borrelia burgdorferi measured by authors in coyotes Urban / rural distinction not made for tested coyotes Peer-reviewed Search outcome Database Number of results Excluded – Not in English Excluded – Study area is outside the USA Excluded – Does not measure Borrelia burgdorferi in coyotes Excluded – Urban / rural data not included Excluded – Not peer-reviewed Total relevant papers CAB Abstracts 9 0 2 0 6 0 1 PubMed 10 0 2 1 5 0 2 Scopus 10 0 2 1 5 0 2 Total relevant papers when duplicates removed 2 Conflict of interest keywords: borrelia; burgdorferi; coyotes; disease; lyme; study; urban cache: ve01-444.htm plain text: ve01-444.txt item: #157 of 259 id: ve01-445 author: None title: ve01-445 date: None words: 5386 flesch: 49 summary: Significant difference between acute diarrhoea dogs compared to healthy controls (higher DI in acute diarrhoea group; p <0.001). Dogs in acute diarrhoea treatment group may or may not have had concurrent vomiting. keywords: cases; days; diarrhoea; dogs; et al; group; metronidazole; signs; study; treatment cache: ve01-445.htm plain text: ve01-445.txt item: #158 of 259 id: ve01-45 author: None title: ve01-45 date: None words: 7433 flesch: 50 summary: et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.E.00572 Burton, N.J. et al. (2011) keywords: adipose; allogeneic; asc; assessment; cells; dogs; group; scores; soc; study; surgery; therapy; treatment; veterinary cache: ve01-45.htm plain text: ve01-45.txt item: #159 of 259 id: ve01-46 author: None title: ve01-46 date: None words: 2378 flesch: 31 summary: In spite of limitations to the available studies, in cattle with clinical mastitis and an absence of systemic signs there is no evidence that combined systemic and intramammary antimicrobial therapy improves clinical cure rates compared to intramammary antimicrobial therapy only. Question In dairy cattle with clinical mastitis do systemic antimicrobials AND intramammary antimicrobials versus intramammary antimicrobials only improve clinical cure rates? keywords: day; hours; intramammary cache: ve01-46.htm plain text: ve01-46.txt item: #160 of 259 id: ve01-462 author: None title: ve01-462 date: None words: 5428 flesch: 57 summary: Main Findings (relevant to PICO question): Meloxicam results in the 8 hours following marking: Reduced time spent (p-values all under 0.05): standing in normal posture standing in hunched posture standing in stretched position walking with a stiff gait in combined abnormal postures and behaviours Increased time spent (0.05

Veterinary Evidence would not be growing into the key knowledge source that it is today.

The Veterinary Evidence Editorial Board Meeting was held for the first time digitally on 7 December with the largest number of editorial board members able to attend. #0000ff;>10.18849/VE.V6I1.464

2020 will be a year to remember! keywords: board; family; justify;">