# bib

id: cord-272437-gvzfl8c3
author: Zhao, Jing
date: 2020-08-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 566
sentence: 19
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-272437-gvzfl8c3.txt
txt: txt/cord-272437-gvzfl8c3.txt
title:
  Replicase 1a gene plays a critical role in pathogenesis of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

summary:
  The results revealed that mutations in the ORF1a gene during passage in embryonated eggs caused the decreased pathogenicity of virulent IBV YN strain, proven by determination of virus replication in ECEs and CEK cells, the observation of clinical signs, gross lesions, microscopic lesions, tracheal ciliary activity and virus distribution in chickens following exposure to rIBVs. is critical for viral virulence Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a 425 review of the history, current situation and control measures Chapter three -The nonstructural proteins directing 427 coronavirus RNA synthesis and processing Recombinant live attenuated avian coronavirus 431 vaccines with deletions in the accessory genes 3ab and/or 5ab protect against infectious 432 bronchitis in chickens Coronavirus pathogenesis Attenuation, safety, and efficacy of a QX-like infectious bronchitis virus serotype 445 vaccine Porcine deltacoronavirus: Overview of infection dynamics, diagnostic methods, 447 prevalence and genetic evolution attenuated Chinese QX-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a candidate vaccine Successful establishment of a reverse 452 genetic system for QX-type infectious bronchitis virus and technical improvement of the 453 rescue procedure S gene and 5a accessory gene 455 are responsible for the attenuation of virulent infectious bronchitis coronavirus Coronavirus replicative proteins Virus-encoded proteinases and proteolytic 460 processing in the Nidovirales


id: cord-266230-ia04jc9j
author: Rott, M. E.
date: 1991-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2009
sentence: 78
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-266230-ia04jc9j.txt
txt: txt/cord-266230-ia04jc9j.txt
title:
  Comparison of the 5′ and 3′ termini of tomato ringspot virus RNA1 and RNA2: Evidence for RNA recombination

summary:
  Eighty-eight percent of the 5' terminal 907 nt of TomRSV RNA1 and RNA2 contain identical nucleotide residues; the first 459 nt are identical at all positions, whereas the next 447 nt are identical at only 75.8% of the nucleotide positions. The 3′ terminal 1533 nt of TomRSV RNA1 and RNA2 are identical and are noncoding.


id: cord-258379-v3lceirh
author: Liu, D. X.
title: Association of the infectious bronchitis virus 3c protein with the virion envelope
date: 1991-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2878
sentence: 96
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-258379-v3lceirh.txt
txt: txt/cord-258379-v3lceirh.txt
summary:
  One of these, 3c, a 12.4K protein encoded by the third open reading frame of the tricistronic mRNA3 was clearly detectable and was found to cofractionate with virion envelope proteins on detergent disruption of virus particles. This calculation also assumes that 2. (a) lmmunoprecipitation of radiolabeled virion proteins with specific antisera.


id: cord-269193-a647hwu9
author: Lin, Debby A.
date: 1991-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2955
sentence: 96
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-269193-a647hwu9.txt
txt: txt/cord-269193-a647hwu9.txt
title:
  Evolutionary relatedness of the predicted gene product of RNA segment 2 of the Tick-Borne Dhori virus and the PB1 polymerase gene of influenza viruses

summary:
  Nick-translated DNAs of plasmids pD21-39, pD50-40, pD43-22, pD68-30, pD22-39, pD26-16, and pD12a-35 hybridized to RNAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively in a Northern blot analysis of Dhori virus RNA (Fig. 1) 35, contains a small insert of segment 1 as well as an belonging to the group that hybridized to RNA seginsert for segment 7 (unpublished results). The sequence of the third largest segment of Thogoto/SiAr/l26/72 virus was recently determined (Staunton et al., 1989) unique in having a net negative charge unlike the net positive charge of the corresponding A, B, and C virus proteins.


id: cord-260108-osg8q89i
author: Park, Yon Mi
date: 2012-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3045
sentence: 105
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-260108-osg8q89i.txt
txt: txt/cord-260108-osg8q89i.txt
title:
  Full genome analysis of a novel adenovirus from the South Polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) in Antarctica

summary:
  The family Adenoviridae is comprised of five genera: Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovirus, Atadenovirus, Siadenovirus and Ichtadenovirus (Houng et al., 2006; Kovács and Benkö, 2011; Kovács et al., 2010; Lehmkuhl and Hobbs, 2008; Wellehan et al., 2004) , which infect a wide range of vertebrate species (Davison et al., 2003; Morrison et al., 1997) . Mastadenovirus has been identified in mammals, including human, sea lion, canine, bovine, porcine, murine and bat (Aggarwal and Mittal, 2000; Goldstein et al., 2011; Klempa et al., 2009; Kovács et al., 2004; Li et al., 2010; Morrison et al., 1997; Rusvai et al., 2000) .


id: cord-262245-eb7g9p1x
author: Monica, Nicola La
date: 1991-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3537
sentence: 140
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-262245-eb7g9p1x.txt
txt: txt/cord-262245-eb7g9p1x.txt
title:
  Localization of extensive deletions in the structural genes of two neurotropic variants of murine coronavirus JHM

summary:
  for 15 min. Cell lysates were prepared as previously described (7) have reported similar deletions in the S protein of several JHM variants which had been selected for resistance to neutralization with monoclonal antibodies (23). Also, Taguchi et al. have reported the isolation, from both the brain of Lewis rats and primary rat neuronal cultures, of neurotropic JHM variants, which have a larger mRNA 3 (32, 33).


id: cord-258232-br4z3na6
author: Maeda, Junko
date: 1999-10-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4139
sentence: 151
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-258232-br4z3na6.txt
txt: txt/cord-258232-br4z3na6.txt
title:
  Release of Coronavirus E Protein in Membrane Vesicles from Virus-Infected Cells and E Protein-Expressing Cells

summary:
  E protein had two radioactive peaks, one corresponded to the MHV buoyant density of 1.18g/cm 3 and the other peak had a density of about 1.13 g/cm 3 , which was similar to the density of released E protein from E-protein-expressing cells. The interface between 20 and 60% sucrose was collected, diluted, and separated again on a 10-30% continuous sucrose gradient at 30,000 rpm in a Beckman SW40 rotor at 4°C for 1, 3, 6, or 12 h. Radioimmunoprecipitation of E protein from the sucrose fractions showed that released E protein sedimented to sucrose densities of 1.10-1.13 g/cm 3 after 1 h centrifugation.


id: cord-269419-68kja6bg
author: Hu, Weibin
date: 2013-01-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4339
sentence: 173
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-269419-68kja6bg.txt
txt: txt/cord-269419-68kja6bg.txt
title:
  Fully human broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against influenza A viruses generated from the memory B cells of a 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine recipient

summary:
  The HA protein is the functional protein that mediates the entry of influenza viruses into susceptible host cells and thus contains various epitopes that are recognized by neutralizing antibodies (Skehel and Wiley, 2000) . Nucleotide sequence alignment has shown that the HA sequence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is divergent from the sequences of the seasonal H1 influenza viruses that have previously been Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/yviro Virology circulating in humans.


id: cord-260177-xu0elmak
author: Collins, Arlene R.
date: 1982-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4163
sentence: 173
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-260177-xu0elmak.txt
txt: txt/cord-260177-xu0elmak.txt
title:
  Monoclonal antibodies to murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain JHM) define the viral glycoprotein responsible for attachment and cell-cell fusion

summary:
  Cell fusion and resultant syncytium formation are not essential for maturation (Robb and Bond, 1979) ; however, cell-cell fusion between infected cells and uninfected cells may contribute to intercellular spread of infection. Conversely, spread of MHV infection in culture and presumably in v&o is largely cell to cell, and is facilitated by the ability of viral polypeptides to mediate cell fusion resulting in syncytia formation.


id: cord-256703-eaj63c2k
author: Matsuoka, Yumiko
title: Intracellular accumulation of punta toro virus glycoproteins expressed from cloned cDNA
date: 1988-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4327
sentence: 188
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-256703-eaj63c2k.txt
txt: txt/cord-256703-eaj63c2k.txt
summary:
  it is likely that the decrease in the size of Gl glycoproteins in the presence of TM reflects the complete inhibition of glycosylation. Also, the apparent molecular weight of the unglycosylated form of Gl glycoprotein in PTV -infected cells corresponded to the size predicted from sequence analysis (60,000 Da).


id: cord-252615-ajyv95pu
author: Lu, Yanfang
date: 2016-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4201
sentence: 174
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-252615-ajyv95pu.txt
txt: txt/cord-252615-ajyv95pu.txt
title:
  ATP1B3: a virus-induced host factor against EV71 replication by up-regulating the production of type-I interferons

summary:
  In this study we screened human ATP1B3 protein that could interact with EV71 3A protein using yeast two-hybrid system. The results showed that EV71 3A protein in RD cells cannot promote the expression of endogenous ATP1B3.


id: cord-265895-ck7eto16
author: Baric, Ralph S.
date: 1987-02-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4521
sentence: 171
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-265895-ck7eto16.txt
txt: txt/cord-265895-ck7eto16.txt
title:
  Analysis of intracellular small RNAs of mouse hepatitis virus: evidence for discontinuous transcription

summary:
  Preparation of MHV intracellular RNA RNA was extracted from infected cells by the phenol/ chloroform method between 5 and 7 hr postinfection (70% CPE) (Baric et al., 1983) . Computing stability of MHV RNA secondary structure Predictions for regions of secondary structure in MHV RNA were made using the Zucker RNA folding program through Bionet (Zucker and Stiegler, 1981) .


id: cord-258327-03vk6enj
author: Schultze, Beate
date: 1991-01-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4615
sentence: 206
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-258327-03vk6enj.txt
txt: txt/cord-258327-03vk6enj.txt
title:
  Isolated HE-protein from hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus and bovine coronavirus has receptor-destroying and receptor-binding activity

summary:
  l Serine 71 of the glycoprotein HEF is located at the active site of the acetylesterase of influenza C virus Erbrechen and Kommern der Ferkel : Vorkommen and Verbreitung in Soddeutschland The relationship of a new strain of virus to those of the mumps-NDV-influenza group Isolation and characterization of influenza C virus inhibitor in rat serum Uber die enzymetische Wirkung von Influenza-Virus Morphology of the isolated hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of influenza virus Sequence of mouse hepatitis virus A59 mRNA2 : The receptordestroying enzyme of influenza C virus, on the other hand, cleaves not a glycosidic linkage but rather an ester linkage .


id: cord-259095-mfptcw8t
author: Lu, Yiqi
title: Determinants of Mouse Hepatitis Virus 3C-like Proteinase Activity
date: 1997-04-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4511
sentence: 180
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-259095-mfptcw8t.txt
txt: txt/cord-259095-mfptcw8t.txt
summary:
  Numbering of amino acid residues within MHV 3CLpro is based The linear schematic of the MHV genome shows the organization of Ser 1 (Lu et al., 1995) Numbering of MHV amino acid sequences was from the beginning of ORF 1a.


id: cord-268416-8hw80qx8
author: Grunewald, Matthew E.
title: The coronavirus nucleocapsid protein is ADP-ribosylated
date: 2018-04-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4804
sentence: 169
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-268416-8hw80qx8.txt
txt: txt/cord-268416-8hw80qx8.txt
summary:
  Specifically, MHV N protein at amino acid S197 is phosphorylated in infected cells, but this modification is absent on N protein in virions (Wu et al., 2014) . ADP-ribosylation of N protein was also observed in cells exogenously expressing N protein by transduction using Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRPs).


id: cord-258691-cd83w9o6
author: Whitman, Lucia
title: IFN-γ-mediated suppression of coronavirus replication in glial-committed progenitor cells
date: 2009-02-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4944
sentence: 154
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-258691-cd83w9o6.txt
txt: txt/cord-258691-cd83w9o6.txt
summary:
  Impaired IFN-β production within JHMVinfected cultures correlated with impaired translocation of transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 into the nucleus of infection cells (Versteeg et al., 2007; Zhou and Perlman, 2007) . This study demonstrates that glial cells derived from neural progenitor cells are susceptible to JHMV infection and that treatment of infected cells with IFN-γ inhibits viral replication in a dose-dependent manner.


id: cord-254558-gvo0gwjf
author: Guo, Yan Xiang
date: 2003-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5153
sentence: 189
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-254558-gvo0gwjf.txt
txt: txt/cord-254558-gvo0gwjf.txt
title:
  Induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis by betanodaviruses GGNNV and demonstration of protein α as an apoptosis inducer

summary:
  In addition, when protein ␣ transfected cells were treated with DEVD-CHO, reduction of DEVDase activity in protein ␣-induced apoptosis in both cells was observed. The infected SB cells underwent DNA fragmentation and stained positive in terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, suggesting that GGNNV infection induced apoptosis in SB cells.


id: cord-256316-1odgm6hm
author: Godet, Murielle
title: TGEV corona virus ORF4 encodes a membrane protein that is incorporated into virions
date: 1992-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5452
sentence: 197
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-256316-1odgm6hm.txt
txt: txt/cord-256316-1odgm6hm.txt
summary:
  Three days before fusion, the mice were boosted both intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with ORF4 protein purified from 4 X 10' infected cells by 15% SDS-PAGE. ORF4 product is a membrane-associated protein Indirect immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the subcellular location of ORF4 protein.


id: cord-008426-ktn8c0zx
author: Othman, Yasmin
title: Nucleotide sequence of the bean strain of southern bean mosaic virus()
date: 1995-01-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5397
sentence: 173
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-008426-ktn8c0zx.txt
txt: txt/cord-008426-ktn8c0zx.txt
summary:
  However, the absence of a clear helicase domain in SBMV sequences is consistent with the observation that no such viral-encoded function has been identified in viruses with a compact (<5 kb) genome (Gorbalenya and Koonin, 1989) . The 5' terminus of SBMV RNA has a covalently linked protein (VPg) (Ghosh et al., 1979) of molecular weight between 10 (SBMV-C) and 12 kDa (SBMV-B) (Mang et al., 1982) , which is essential for infectivity (Veerisetty and Sehgal, 1980) .


id: cord-007373-livz5zuu
author: Gayathri, P.
date: 2006-03-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6254
sentence: 283
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-007373-livz5zuu.txt
txt: txt/cord-007373-livz5zuu.txt
title:
  Crystal structure of the serine protease domain of Sesbania mosaic virus polyprotein and mutational analysis of residues forming the S1-binding pocket

summary:
  SeMV protease belongs to the trypsin-like family of serine proteases. In the present study, the crystal structure of SeMV protease domain was determined to a resolution of 2.4 Å by multiple isomorphous replacement coupled with anomalous scattering, with a view to identify the residues involved in substrate binding as well as protease -VPg interactions.


id: cord-259500-ndjbrtrv
author: Satyanarayana, Tatineni
date: 2003-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6484
sentence: 205
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-259500-ndjbrtrv.txt
txt: txt/cord-259500-ndjbrtrv.txt
title:
  Frameshift mutations in infectious cDNA clones of Citrus tristeza virus: a strategy to minimize the toxicity of viral sequences to Escherichia coli

summary:
  Reverse genetics, the ability to produce specific mutations followed by examination of phenotype, revolutionized the study of RNA viruses. Yet it is possible that slippery sequences serve as a survival mechanism for large RNA viruses.


id: cord-255453-7e40rj1y
author: Oliver, S.L.
date: 2006-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6244
sentence: 200
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-255453-7e40rj1y.txt
txt: txt/cord-255453-7e40rj1y.txt
title:
  Genomic characterization of the unclassified bovine enteric virus Newbury agent-1 (Newbury1) endorses a new genus in the family Caliciviridae

summary:
  Newbury1 was identified in a fecal sample taken in 1976 but serological evidence showed that Newbury1 virus or Newbury1-like viruses were circulating in UK cattle in 1990 and 1993. The genomic analyses reported in the present study, plus previously published physicochemical studies, showed that Newbury1 virus was a calicivirus in its morphology, virion size, buoyant density, possession of a single major capsid protein, genome organization and the presence of conserved amino acid motifs Dastjerdi et al., 2000; Hall et al., 1984; Woode and Bridger, 1978) .


id: cord-253351-b36g09r0
author: Luo, Zongli
date: 1998-05-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6859
sentence: 261
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-253351-b36g09r0.txt
txt: txt/cord-253351-b36g09r0.txt
title:
  Roles in Cell-to-Cell Fusion of Two Conserved Hydrophobic Regions in the Murine Coronavirus Spike Protein

summary:
  By analogy with other viral proteins that induce cell fusion the MHV S protein would be expected to have a hydrophobic stretch of amino acids that serves as a fusion peptide. Only when cell fusion occurs between a cell expressing the S gene and a cell containing the lacZ plasmid is the lacZ gene transcribed and ␤-galactosidase subsequently produced.


id: cord-260695-qwepi0we
author: Postler, Thomas S.
title: Identification and characterization of a long non-coding RNA up-regulated during HIV-1 infection
date: 2017-11-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6331
sentence: 231
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-260695-qwepi0we.txt
txt: txt/cord-260695-qwepi0we.txt
summary:
  Specific examples include influenza A virus (IAV), hepatitis C virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human cytomegalovirus, and HIV-1 (Carnero et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2011; Hu et al., 2016; Ouyang et al., 2015; Peng et al., 2010 Peng et al., , 2014 Trypsteen et al., 2016; Winterling et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2016) . In this report, we describe a meta-analysis of two independent RNA-seq studies of HIV-1-infected cells and show that, unexpectedly, only three lncRNAs are differentially expressed in both of these datasets (Chang et al., 2011; Mohammadi et al., 2013) .


id: cord-265156-u1re7983
author: de Wilde, Adriaan H.
date: 2017-12-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6367
sentence: 204
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-265156-u1re7983.txt
txt: txt/cord-265156-u1re7983.txt
title:
  Coronaviruses and arteriviruses display striking differences in their cyclophilin A-dependence during replication in cell culture

summary:
  However, virus yields released from control cells and CypA KO cell clone #2 were similar upon high MOI inoculation (MOI of 5; Fig. Parental Huh7 cells and CypA KD Huh7 cells were cultured overnight in triplicate wells at a density of 5 × 10 4 cells in a 24-well cluster.


id: cord-259717-e8ljkv2y
author: Holtz, Lori R.
title: Geographic variation in the eukaryotic virome of human diarrhea
date: 2014-11-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6753
sentence: 259
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-259717-e8ljkv2y.txt
txt: txt/cord-259717-e8ljkv2y.txt
summary:
  This result demonstrates that the significant difference between Northern Territory and Melbourne is not due to the higher number of unique reads obtained for Northern Territory samples. Diarrhea samples from the Northern Territory contained more viral families per sample than diarrhea from Melbourne (p¼ 0.0002 (Wilcoxon)).


id: cord-267532-5rnqd9mb
author: Zhang, Xuming
date: 1998-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7005
sentence: 260
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-267532-5rnqd9mb.txt
txt: txt/cord-267532-5rnqd9mb.txt
title:
  Expression of Hemagglutinin/Esterase by a Mouse Hepatitis Virus Coronavirus Defective–Interfering RNA Alters Viral Pathogenesis

summary:
  To assess the function of HE protein, we were interested in determining if the expression of a functional HE gene derived from JHM virus by the DI RNA vector could influence the pathogenesis of A59 virus (Fig. 1 ). These data demonstrate that the expression of the JHM virus HE gene by the DI RNA vector substantially alters the pathogenesis of A59 virus infection.


id: cord-260782-1lm8tzbc
author: Giles, Julia
date: 2018-07-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6576
sentence: 255
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-260782-1lm8tzbc.txt
txt: txt/cord-260782-1lm8tzbc.txt
title:
  Viral RNA load and histological changes in tissues following experimental infection with an arterivirus of possums (wobbly possum disease virus)

summary:
  Multifocal dense aggregates of glial cells (glial nodules) involving both grey or white matter were present in 5/12 (41.7%) infected possums (possums 5, 7, 8, 12, 16) and 1/4 (25%) control possum. The rN protein had previously been shown to be recognised by sera from WPDV infected possums by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot (Giles et al., 2018) .


id: cord-267027-diwm1940
author: Le, Shu-Yun
date: 1992-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4364
sentence: 167
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-267027-diwm1940.txt
txt: txt/cord-267027-diwm1940.txt
title:
  Conserved tertiary structure elements in the 5′ untranslated region of human enteroviruses and rhinoviruses

summary:
  key: cord-267027-diwm1940 authors: Le, Shu-Yun; Chen, Jih-H.; Sonenberg, Nahum; Maizel, Jacob V. title: Conserved tertiary structure elements in the 5′ untranslated region of human enteroviruses and rhinoviruses date: 1992-12-31 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90261-m sha: doc_id: 267027 cord_uid: diwm1940 Abstract A combination of comparative sequence analysis and thermodynamic methods reveals the conservation of tertiary structure elements in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of human enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. Conserved tertiary structure elements in the 5' UTR of human enteroviruses and rhinoviruses Figures 2-4 show the common tertiary structures in the 5' UTR of PV2L, HRV89, and CB4, respectively.


id: cord-263334-wwkdum94
author: Li, Chen
date: 2014-01-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7751
sentence: 269
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-263334-wwkdum94.txt
txt: txt/cord-263334-wwkdum94.txt
title:
  Cellular DDX3 regulates Japanese encephalitis virus replication by interacting with viral un-translated regions

summary:
  23 Discovery of the first small molecule inhibitor of human DDX3 specifically designed to target the RNA binding site: towards the next generation HIV-1 inhibitors Recent advances in flavivirus antiviral drug discovery and vaccine development DEAD-box proteins: the driving forces behind RNA metabolism Human DEAD-box protein 3 has multiple functions in gene regulation and cell cycle control and is a prime target for viral manipulation Candidate tumor suppressor DDX3 RNA helicase specifically represses cap-dependent translation by acting as an eIF4E inhibitory protein Recent advances in Japanese encephalitis A complex RNA motif defined by three discontinuous 5-nucleotide-long strands is essential for Flavivirus RNA replication DEAD-box protein DDX3 associates with eIF4F to promote translation of selected mRNAs The DEADbox helicase DDX3X is a critical component of the TANK-binding kinase 1-dependent innate immune response Analysis of virion-incorporated host proteins required for Herpes simplex virus type 1 Infection through a RNA interference screen Meanwhile, we also found that endogenous DDX3 colocalized with JEV RNA in the cytoplasm (Fig. 6B) , implying that DDX3 might be involved in JEV RNA replication.


id: cord-255828-jrqdyfbg
author: Du, Yijun
date: 2012-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9060
sentence: 274
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-255828-jrqdyfbg.txt
txt: txt/cord-255828-jrqdyfbg.txt
title:
  Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane association of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP4 glycoprotein and its co-localization with CD163 in lipid rafts

summary:
  Microbiol Murine coronavirus requires lipid rafts for virus entry and cell-cell fusion but not for virus release TopPred II: an improved software for membrane protein structure predictions Gill-associated virus of Penaeus monodon prawns: an invertebrate virus with ORF1a and ORF1b genes related to arteri-and coronaviruses Glycolipid anchoring of plasma membrane proteins The minor envelope glycoproteins GP2a and GP4 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus interact with the receptor CD163 Human immunodeficiency virus infection is efficiently mediated by a glycolipidanchored form of CD4 Myristoylation of the small envelope protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is non-essential for virus infectivity but promotes its growth Anchoring mechanisms for LFA-3 cell adhesion glycoproteinat membrane surface Sequence properties of GPI-anchored proteins near the omega-site: constraints for the polypeptide binding site of the putative transamidase Lipid-mediated endocytosis Disulfide bonds between two envelope proteins of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus are essential for viral infectivity Identification of GPI anchor attachment signals by a Kohonen self-organizing map Discovery of a small arterivirus gene that overlaps the GP5 coding sequence and is important for virus production Mutational analysis of the C-terminal signal peptide of bovine liver 5′-nucleotidase for GPI anchoring: a study on the significance of the hydrophilic spacer region Phosphatidylinositol glycan (PI-G) anchored membrane proteins. cell membrane implicates an important role of the complex for PRRSV entry and infection.


id: cord-268139-tgpsu4qz
author: Brockway, Sarah M.
date: 2005-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10196
sentence: 420
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-268139-tgpsu4qz.txt
txt: txt/cord-268139-tgpsu4qz.txt
title:
  Mutagenesis of the murine hepatitis virus nsp1-coding region identifies residues important for protein processing, viral RNA synthesis, and viral replication

summary:
  Intracellular localization of mutant nsp1 proteins. The clarified media supernatants from cells transfected with VUSB1, VUSB2, VUSB3, VUSB4, or VUSB7 RNA were capable of infecting DBT-9 cells, indicating that they contained nsp1 mutant viruses.


id: cord-267014-3vi7pgvr
author: Vennema, H.
title: Genomic organization and expression of the 3′ end of the canine and feline enteric coronaviruses
date: 1992-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3559
sentence: 148
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-267014-3vi7pgvr.txt
txt: txt/cord-267014-3vi7pgvr.txt
summary:
  They occur, for example, in the S and HE protein genes of murine hepatitis virus (MHV; Parker et al., 1989; 1. Viral Primary structure of the membrane and nucleocapsid protein genes of feline infectious peritonitis virus and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia viruses in kittens Genetic basis for the pathogenesis of transmissible gastroenteritis virus Mouse hepatitis virus S RNA sequence reveals that nonstructural proteins ns4 and ns5a are not essential for murine coronavirus replication.


id: cord-254950-y6kayxie
author: Morse, Stephen S.
date: 1988-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2126
sentence: 85
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-254950-y6kayxie.txt
txt: txt/cord-254950-y6kayxie.txt
title:
  Mouse thymic virus (MTLV; Murid Herpesvirus 3) infection in athymic nude mice: Evidence for a T lymphocyte requirement

summary:
  Nude mice are athymic as a result of a genetic defect which prevents the development of the embryonic thymus (5) . In nude mice (6).


id: cord-269204-kajws5xo
author: Nitschke, Matthias
date: 2008-08-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4838
sentence: 192
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-269204-kajws5xo.txt
txt: txt/cord-269204-kajws5xo.txt
title:
  Equine arteritis virus is delivered to an acidic compartment of host cells via clathrin-dependent endocytosis

summary:
  Our data provide evidence that the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway is the major route of EAV cell entry and that infection by EAV requires a low pH trigger. To investigate whether EAV cell entry proceeds via endocytic uptake we first studied the involvement of clathrin-coated pits in EAV internalization using a BHK cell line that can be induced to express antisense RNA of the clathrin heavy chain (CHC) causing a selective block in clathrin-dependent endocytosis (Iversen et al., 2001) .


id: cord-262347-ejhz9rra
author: Kappes, Matthew A.
title: PRRSV structure, replication and recombination: Origin of phenotype and genotype diversity
date: 2015-03-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10173
sentence: 249
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-262347-ejhz9rra.txt
txt: txt/cord-262347-ejhz9rra.txt
summary:
  PRRSV replication closely ties three key features: rearrangement of host membranes to establish viral replication complexes (RC), synthesis and expression of gRNA, transcription of sgRNA for the efficient expression of structural proteins, at the same time as the unique ability to produce aberrant PRRSV sgRNAs known as heteroclites (Yuan et al., 2000 (Yuan et al., , 2004 . DI RNAs are generated through nonhomologous recombination between viral genomes resulting in random internal deletions but still encode the replication elements essential for generation of defective progeny virus including the genes encoding for the polymerase, essential replicase proteins, and capsid protein(s) (Yuan et al., 2000) .


id: cord-252397-qlu7dilh
author: Johnson, Reed F.
date: 2015-11-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5030
sentence: 191
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-252397-qlu7dilh.txt
txt: txt/cord-252397-qlu7dilh.txt
title:
  Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease

summary:
  Day 4 or 5 was chosen based on our data from MERS-JOR inoculated rhesus monkeys which demonstrated a peak in lung disease at day 5 post-inoculation by CT (manuscript in preparation). Media only, and inactivated virus did not develop detectable neutralizing antibody responses to MERS-CoV. Qualitative assessment of the imaging data indicates that MERS-CoV inoculated marmosets developed lung disease that mainly affected the medial and caudal regions of the lung.


id: cord-267718-t47i8hui
author: Bao, Jingyue
title: Evolutionary dynamics of recent peste des petits ruminants virus epidemic in China during 2013–2014
date: 2017-07-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4765
sentence: 178
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-267718-t47i8hui.txt
txt: txt/cord-267718-t47i8hui.txt
summary:
  The evolutionary patterns of hepatitis C virus subtype 2a and 6a isolates linked to an outbreak in China in 2012 A serological survey of ruminant livestock in Kazakhstan during post-Soviet transitions in farming and disease control Complete genome sequences of lineage IV peste des petits ruminants viruses from the indian subcontinent Detection and phylogenetic analysis of peste des petits ruminants virus isolated from outbreaks in Complete genome sequence of a peste des petits ruminants virus recovered from an alpine goat during an outbreak in Morocco Emergence of lineage IV peste des petits ruminants virus in Ethiopia: complete genome sequence of an Ethiopian isolate 2010 Complete genome sequences of lineage III peste des petits ruminants viruses from the Middle East and East Africa Molecular evolution of peste des petits ruminants virus Molecular evolutionary dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus group A in recurrent epidemics in Coastal Kenya Prevalence, distribution, and host range of Peste des petits ruminants virus Genetic and epidemiological insights into the emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) across Peste des petits ruminants Selection of models of DNA evolution with jModelTest Phosphorylation status of the phosphoprotein P of rinderpest virus modulates transcription and replication of the genome Geographic distribution and epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus Emergence of peste des petits ruminants virus lineage IV in Ismailia Province MEGA4: molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0 Reconstruction of the transmission history of RNA virus outbreaks using full genome sequences: foot-and-mouth disease virus in Bulgaria in 2011 Peste des petits ruminants virus in Heilongjiang province Peste des petits ruminants virus in Tibet Peste des petits ruminants viruses re-emerging in China The collection of the field samples involved in this study was conducted by the National PPR Surveillance Project.


id: cord-262441-slh52nxm
author: Sakai, Yusuke
title: Two-amino acids change in the nsp4 of SARS coronavirus abolishes viral replication
date: 2017-07-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6158
sentence: 172
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-262441-slh52nxm.txt
txt: txt/cord-262441-slh52nxm.txt
summary:
  MHV nsp4 is a glycosylated protein, and the glycosylated nsp4 is important for the virus-induced membrane rearrangement and the replication complex function and assembly of DMVs (Clementz et al., 2008; Gadlage et al., 2010) . Next, to determine the role of H120 and F121 in nsp4 on the interaction with nsp3C, the expression plasmid pCAG nsp4 H120N/F121L-HA, in which H120 and F121 were replaced with N and L, respectively, was co-transfected with pCAG nsp3C-3xFLAG into 293T cells.


id: cord-265173-70wyecwj
author: Trujillo-Uscanga, Adrian
date: 2020-08-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5702
sentence: 179
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-265173-70wyecwj.txt
txt: txt/cord-265173-70wyecwj.txt
title:
  Host cell p53 associates with the feline calicivirus major viral capsid protein VP1, the protease-polymerase NS6/7, and the double-stranded RNA playing a role in virus replication

summary:
  Protein p53 (p53), a 393 amino acid protein expressed from the TP53 gene (Saha, Kar, & Sa, 2015) , also known as the guardian of the genome that functions as a DNA sequence-specific transcriptional regulator. Even though it is well known that all the members of the Caliciviridae family induce apoptosis, the role of p53 in this pathway or in other stages of viral replication has not been studied; therefore, the aim of this work was to determine if p53 host cell protein has a role in the replicative cycle of FCV, one of the best models to study the replication of this family.


id: cord-266585-jfjrk9gy
author: Fang, Shouguo
date: 2007-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7179
sentence: 264
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-266585-jfjrk9gy.txt
txt: txt/cord-266585-jfjrk9gy.txt
title:
  An arginine-to-proline mutation in a domain with undefined functions within the helicase protein (Nsp13) is lethal to the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cultured cells

summary:
  In vitro assembly of full-length coronavirus clones, generation of full-length transcripts in vitro using a bacteriophage DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and recovery of infectious viruses by introduction of the in vitro-synthesized transcripts into cells, first used by Yount et al. (2000) , are a rapid and reliable approach to construct infectious clones from large RNA viruses. key: cord-266585-jfjrk9gy authors: Fang, Shouguo; Chen, Bo; Tay, Felicia P.L.; Ng, Beng Sern; Liu, Ding Xing title: An arginine-to-proline mutation in a domain with undefined functions within the helicase protein (Nsp13) is lethal to the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cultured cells date: 2007-02-05 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.020 sha: doc_id: 266585 cord_uid: jfjrk9gy Genetic manipulation of the RNA genomes by reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study the molecular biology and pathogenesis of RNA viruses.


id: cord-260376-29ih5c9v
author: Guo, Jian-Ping
title: SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases
date: 2004-07-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3003
sentence: 139
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-260376-29ih5c9v.txt
txt: txt/cord-260376-29ih5c9v.txt
summary:
  key: cord-260376-29ih5c9v authors: Guo, Jian-Ping; Petric, Martin; Campbell, William; McGeer, Patrick L title: SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases date: 2004-07-01 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.04.017 sha: doc_id: 260376 cord_uid: 29ih5c9v We probed these membranes with four pairs of acute and convalescent sera from recovered SARS cases.


id: cord-266617-z8uecyl6
author: Pavesi, Angelo
title: Asymmetric evolution in viral overlapping genes is a source of selective protein adaptation
date: 2019-04-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6694
sentence: 218
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-266617-z8uecyl6.txt
txt: txt/cord-266617-z8uecyl6.txt
summary:
  Overlapping genes can undergo “symmetric evolution” (similar selection pressures on the two proteins) or “asymmetric evolution” (significantly different selection pressures on the two proteins). These findings suggest that overlapping genes, besides to increase the coding ability of viruses, are also a source of selective protein adaptation.


id: cord-262226-7kwkla73
author: Fang, Shouguo
date: 2013-07-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5649
sentence: 196
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-262226-7kwkla73.txt
txt: txt/cord-262226-7kwkla73.txt
title:
  Identification of two ATR-dependent phosphorylation sites on coronavirus nucleocapsid protein with nonessential functions in viral replication and infectivity in cultured cells

summary:
  Similar to other coronaviruses, IBV N protein is heavily phosphorylated. By using mass spectroscopic analysis, two conserved amino acid clusters, Ser190Ser192 and Thr378Ser379, in IBV N protein were identified as the two regions for phosphorylation (Chen et al., 2005) .


id: cord-269986-jdcw59r2
author: Regan, Andrew D.
date: 2009-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5535
sentence: 167
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-269986-jdcw59r2.txt
txt: txt/cord-269986-jdcw59r2.txt
title:
  Activation of p38 MAPK by feline infectious peritonitis virus regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in primary blood-derived feline mononuclear cells

summary:
  To investigate whether TNFalpha production in FIPV-infected PFBM cells is regulated by p38 MAPK activation, PFBM cells were treated with 10 μM of either SB 203580, SC 409 or 0.1% DMSO for 2 h before inoculating with FIPV-1146 or FIPV-DF2 at an MOI of 100. To determine whether or not FIPVinduced p38 MAPK activation was specific to a single animal, PFBM cells were individually prepared from six additional SPF cats (07PGP2, 07PGV4, 07PGV5, 07FGR2, 07FGV6, 07FJM5).


id: cord-268467-btfz6ye8
author: Schreiber, Steven S.
title: Sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid protein gene of human coronavirus 229E
date: 1989-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5049
sentence: 219
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-268467-btfz6ye8.txt
txt: txt/cord-268467-btfz6ye8.txt
summary:
  RNAGenetits Characterization of leader RNA sequences on the virion and mRNAs of mouse hepatitis virus, a cytoplasmic virus Mouse hepatitis virus A59: The mRNAs of coronaviruses contain a stretch of leader sequence which is derived from the 5'-end of the viral genome and exhibits homologywith the intergenic consensus sequence Budzilowicz et al., 1985) .


id: cord-264359-m9j3pcj1
author: Vrijsen, R.
title: Resolution of the major poliovirus capsid polypeptides into doublets
date: 1978-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3874
sentence: 151
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-264359-m9j3pcj1.txt
txt: txt/cord-264359-m9j3pcj1.txt
summary:
  Isolation of the coat proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus and analysis of the composition and N-terminal end groups Isolation of the structural polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus and analysis of their C-terminal sequences Cleavage site alterations in poliovirus-specific precursor proteins Molecular weight of a poliovirus protein Picornaviral structure and protein synthesis Evidence for ambiguity in the posttranslational cleavage of poliovirus proteins Polypeptide cleavages in the formation of poliovirus proteins Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 Composition of artificially produced and naturally occurring empty capsids of poliovirus type 1 Nterminal amino acids of foot-and-mouth disease virus peptides Polypeptide composition of poliovirions, naturally occurring empty capsids, and 14 S precursor particles Gene order of the poliovirus capsid proteins Electrophoretie behavior of protein dodecyl sulfate complexes in the presence of various amounts of sodium dodecyl sulfate Characterization of a coronavirus: I, Structural proteins: Effects of preparative conditions on the migration of protein in polyacrylamide gels Evidence for large precursor proteins in poliovirus synthesis New polypeptides in poliovirus Stepwise degradation of poliovirus and top component by concentrated urea Gel electrophoresis of protein-dodecyl sulfate complexes in a pH gradient and improved resolution of poliovirus polypeptides Structure of the Mengo virion: IV, Amino-and carboxyl-terminal analysis of the major capsid polypeptides We are grateful for the excellent technical assistance of A. De Rees. The excised peaks were rerun in Cl in pH gradient electrophoresis migrate the pH gradient system for further purifias VP1 using normal electrophoresis.


id: cord-255841-3laov764
author: Duquerroy, Stéphane
date: 2005-05-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6786
sentence: 236
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-255841-3laov764.txt
txt: txt/cord-255841-3laov764.txt
title:
  Central ions and lateral asparagine/glutamine zippers stabilize the post-fusion hairpin conformation of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein()

summary:
  Vertical grey background columns identify HR2 residues in the extended segments (HR2N and HR2C) that pack their side chains into hydrophobic pockets in the HR1 interhelical grooves. 2004; Hydrophobic HR2 side chains fitting into pockets in the HR1 grooves are shown in green.


id: cord-255738-r8zfdsix
author: Ge, Feng
date: 2007-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5115
sentence: 179
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-255738-r8zfdsix.txt
txt: txt/cord-255738-r8zfdsix.txt
title:
  Derivation of a novel SARS–coronavirus replicon cell line and its application for anti-SARS drug screening

summary:
  This SARS-associated replicon cell line is based on the use of SARS replicon cDNAs generated by reverse genetic techniques. Thus, these data indicate that although replicon cells may express sufficient GFP-BlaR to survive blasticidin selection, the amount of GFP BlaR protein was insufficient to be detected by flow cytometry.


id: cord-253894-4u5yt7b7
author: Senkevich, Tatiana G.
date: 2011-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6261
sentence: 217
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-253894-4u5yt7b7.txt
txt: txt/cord-253894-4u5yt7b7.txt
title:
  Vaccinia virus F16 protein, a predicted catalytically inactive member of the prokaryotic serine recombinase superfamily, is targeted to nucleoli

summary:
  key: cord-253894-4u5yt7b7 authors: Senkevich, Tatiana G.; Koonin, Eugene V.; Moss, Bernard title: Vaccinia virus F16 protein, a predicted catalytically inactive member of the prokaryotic serine recombinase superfamily, is targeted to nucleoli date: 2011-09-01 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.017 sha: doc_id: 253894 cord_uid: 4u5yt7b7 The F16L gene of vaccinia virus (VACV) is conserved in all chordopoxviruses except avipoxviruses. The region of sequence conservation between F16 proteins and Ser recombinases encompasses the entire catalytic domain of the latter that consists of approximately 140 amino acids (Fig. 1) .


id: cord-254747-vox5xsgd
author: Deng, Xufang
date: 2018-04-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5743
sentence: 206
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-254747-vox5xsgd.txt
txt: txt/cord-254747-vox5xsgd.txt
title:
  An “Old” Protein with A New Story: Coronavirus Endoribonuclease Is Important for Evading Host Antiviral Defenses

summary:
  In line with this prediction, we and others reported a specific, punctate, perinuclear localization of CoV nsp15 during viral infection (Heusipp et al., 1997; Shi et al., 1999; Deng et al., 2017; Athmer et al., 2017) , while ectopically expressed nsp15 was distributed throughout the cytoplasm (Cao and Zhang, 2012) . It was first discovered that the EndoU activity of nsp15 mediates the evasion of host recognition of viral dsRNA by infecting primary macrophages with EndoU-deficient CoVs (Deng et al., 2017; Kindler et al., 2017) .


id: cord-264331-uvi8ucz4
author: Singh, Shailbala
date: 2010-04-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5983
sentence: 209
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-264331-uvi8ucz4.txt
txt: txt/cord-264331-uvi8ucz4.txt
title:
  Avian influenza viral nucleocapsid and hemagglutinin proteins induce chicken CD8(+) memory T lymphocytes

summary:
  (2002) described CD8 + T cell responses that correlated with crossprotection to an H5N1 strain. Memory T cell responses were detected from weeks 3 to 9 p.i.


id: cord-256737-ptjng78b
author: McBride, Corrin E.
date: 2010-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8248
sentence: 286
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-256737-ptjng78b.txt
txt: txt/cord-256737-ptjng78b.txt
title:
  Palmitoylation of SARS-CoV S protein is necessary for partitioning into detergent-resistant membranes and cell-cell fusion but not interaction with M protein

summary:
  In addition, for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), it has been shown that S protein palmitoylation is important for interaction with the M protein (Thorp et al., 2006) . To determine if SARS-CoV S partitions into DRMs and if that partitioning is dependent on S protein palmitoylation, we isolated DRMs by floatation on a sucrose step gradient after cold Triton X-100 extraction.


id: cord-268341-103xf3dw
author: Parra, Beatriz
date: 1997-07-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5792
sentence: 223
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-268341-103xf3dw.txt
txt: txt/cord-268341-103xf3dw.txt
title:
  Kinetics of Cytokine mRNA Expression in the Central Nervous System Following Lethal and Nonlethal Coronavirus-Induced Acute Encephalomyelitis

summary:
  TNF-a mRNA is induced following JHMV infection level of IL-12 mRNA in 2.2v-1-infected mice suggests the possibility that oligodendroglia transcribe IL-12 mRNA in (Pearce et al., 1994; Stohlman et al., 1995a; Sun et al., 1995) and TNF-a is present during both the acute and response to JHMV infection, similar to the induction of IL-12 mRNA following measles virus infection of oligo-persistent JHMV infections. infected mice, suggesting a rapid response to virus infection.


id: cord-258286-lodjcj8c
author: Zhang, Xuming
date: 1997-07-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5890
sentence: 211
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-258286-lodjcj8c.txt
txt: txt/cord-258286-lodjcj8c.txt
title:
  Expression of Interferon-γ by a Coronavirus Defective-Interfering RNA Vector and Its Effect on Viral Replication, Spread, and Pathogenicity

summary:
  Correlation between IFN resistance and cally elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis of MHV viral pathogenicity has also been documented for meaat the molecular level. (B) Neutralization assay of IFN-g. Both UV-irradiated supernatants (IFN-g and CAT) were incubated with 1 mg/ml of a hamster anti-IFN-g neutralizing monoclonal antibody for 2 hr at room temperature prior to being used for pretreatment of cells.


id: cord-256036-gd53s4dv
author: Sandmann, Lisa
title: Barriers of hepatitis C virus interspecies transmission
date: 2013-01-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7905
sentence: 208
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-256036-gd53s4dv.txt
txt: txt/cord-256036-gd53s4dv.txt
summary:
  The role of transferrin receptor in Hepatitis C virus entry Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-lambda and interferonstimulated genes in primary liver cultures Expression of human CD81 in transgenic mice does not confer susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection Determinants of hepatitis C translational initiation in vitro, in cultured cells and mice Telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype 1 infection The tight junction proteins claudin-1, -6, and -9 are entry cofactors for hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers Biochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis C virus particles and determination of their lipidome The human liver-uPA-SCID mouse: a model for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against HBV and HCV The human liver-uPA-SCID mouse: a model for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against HBV and HCV Morphological and biochemical characterization of a human liver in a uPA-SCID mouse chimera Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Species-specific regions of occludin required by hepatitis C virus for cell entry Identification of host genes involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interfering RNA technology Association between hepatitis C virus and very-lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL analyzed in iodixanol density gradients Hepatitis C virus NS4B protein targets STING and abrogates RIG-I-mediated type-I interferon-dependent innate immunity Sustained viral response in a hepatitis C virus-infected chimpanzee via a combination of direct-acting antiviral agents Convergent evolution of escape from hepaciviral antagonism in primates The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81 Hepatitis C virus host cell entry Human occludin is a hepatitis C virus entry factor required for infection of mouse cells Persistent hepatitis C virus infection in microscale primary human hepatocyte cultures Hepatitis C virus glycoproteins interact with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection Immunity in hepatitis C infection Transgenic mice and the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis Cellular cofactors affecting hepatitis C virus infection and replication Recruitment and activation of a lipid kinase by hepatitis C virus NS5A is essential for integrity of the membranous replication compartment Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes support complete replication of hepatitis C virus Identification of the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 cholesterol absorption receptor as a new hepatitis C virus entry factor The human scavenger receptor class B type I is a novel candidate receptor for the hepatitis C virus Molecular and serologic analysis in the transmission of the GB hepatitis agents The complete mitochondrial genome of Tupaia belangeri and the phylogenetic affiliation of scandentia to other eutherian orders Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells Current animal models: transgenic animal models for the study of measles pathogenesis Memory CD8 Ã¾ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection Humanized mice in translational biomedical research Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis Lack of susceptibility of Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus orientalis) to hepatitis C virus infection Identification of human kinases involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interference RNA library screening A functional genomic screen identifies cellular cofactors of hepatitis C virus replication Hepatic Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 regulates biliary cholesterol concentration and is a target of ezetimibe Kinases required in hepatitis C virus entry and replication highlighted by small interference RNA screening Replication of a hepatitis C virus replicon clone in mouse cells Identification of a lipid kinase as a host factor involved in hepatitis C virus RNA replication INX-08189, a phosphoramidate prodrug of 6-O-methyl-2 0 -C-methyl guanosine, is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication with excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties Disruption of Erk-dependent type I interferon Lack of susceptibility of various primates and woodchucks to hepatitis C virus Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption Pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection in Tupaia belangeri Expression of paramyxovirus V proteins promotes replication and spread of hepatitis C virus in cultures of primary human fetal liver cells Assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus particles Roles for endocytic trafficking and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha in hepatitis C virus replication Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack Human liver chimeric mice provide a model for hepatitis B and C virus infection and treatment Adaptation of hepatitis C virus to mouse CD81 permits infection of mouse cells in the absence of human entry factors Efficient initiation of HCV RNA replication in cell culture Highly permissive cell lines for hepatitis C virus genomic and subgenomic RNA replication Class III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha and beta are novel host factor regulators of hepatitis C virus replication Nonstructural 3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus activates epithelial growth factor-induced signal transduction by cleavage of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase Host range studies of GB virus-B hepatitis agent, the closest relative of hepatitis C virus, in New World monkeys and chimpanzees Serology-enabled discovery of genetically diverse hepaciviruses in a new host miR-122, a mammalian liverspecific microRNA, is processed from hcr mRNA and may downregulate the high affinity cationic amino acid transporter CAT-1 Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts: protein kinase R (PKR)-dependent and PKR-independent mechanisms for controlling HCV RNA replication and mediating interferon activities Humanized mice with ectopic artificial liver tissues Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome Debio 025, a cyclophilin binding molecule, is highly efficient in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-containing cells when used alone or in combination with specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C) inhibitors RNA interference and single particle tracking analysis of hepatitis C virus endocytosis L-SIGN (CD209L) and DC-SIGN (CD209) mediate transinfection of liver cells by hepatitis C virus New horizons for studying human hepatotropic infections Studies on the transmission of human viral hepatitis to marmoset monkeys.


id: cord-267377-wyhsxj6g
author: Edwards, Michael C.
title: Coat protein expression strategy of oat blue dwarf virus()
date: 2014-01-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4710
sentence: 146
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-267377-wyhsxj6g.txt
txt: txt/cord-267377-wyhsxj6g.txt
summary:
  Thus, we propose the consensus sequence at the predicted cleavage site associated with minor CP expression in marafiviruses is LXG[G/A]. The locations of major CP (Maj. CP), minor CP (Min. CP), genomic (gRNA), and subgenomic RNA (sgRNA), on the blots are shown.


id: cord-008407-jbp8bxjz
author: Derdeyn, Cynthia A.
date: 1995-01-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6730
sentence: 230
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-008407-jbp8bxjz.txt
txt: txt/cord-008407-jbp8bxjz.txt
title:
  Characterization of defective-interfering RNAs of rubella virusgenerated during serial undiluted passage

summary:
  5A and 5C, after 5 to 10 serial passages of each of these stocks, except for the synovial explant persistent infection supernatants (Fig. 5C, lanes 4 and 5) , a DI RNA species similar in size to the large P12 DI RNA was generated. Thus, the prevalence of the large DI RNA species during serial passage is probably due to its having a selective advantage over other DI RNA species.


id: cord-272050-0u62j7nj
author: Okamoto, Kimiyuki
date: 2008-05-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5409
sentence: 165
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-272050-0u62j7nj.txt
txt: txt/cord-272050-0u62j7nj.txt
title:
  cis-Preferential requirement of a − 1 frameshift product p88 for the replication of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA1

summary:
  cis-Acting RNA elements also play essential roles in viral RNA replication. Both p27 and p88 are required for viral RNA replication.


id: cord-253024-b393ea2u
author: Fu, Kaisong
title: Evidence for variable rates of recombination in the MHV genome
date: 1992-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8467
sentence: 258
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-253024-b393ea2u.txt
txt: txt/cord-253024-b393ea2u.txt
summary:
  To assist in precisely defining the location of these mutations and examining the mechanism for MHV RNA recombination within the S glycoprotein gene, a panel of revertants were obtained from six of the RNA+ mutants (Table 1) . If MHV RNA recombination is mediated by freely segregating RNA segments that are generated by transcriptional pausing during RNA synthesis, preferred sites of recombination may also exist in AU-rich regions and/or in regions of secondary structure in the MHV genome (Baric et al., 1987) .


id: cord-270487-m770a1rl
author: Wurch, T.
date: 1991-02-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2010
sentence: 95
flesch: 66
cache: cache/cord-270487-m770a1rl.txt
txt: txt/cord-270487-m770a1rl.txt
title:
  The cauliflower mosaic virus reverse transcriptase is not produced by the mechanism of ribosomal frameshifting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

summary:
  In order to address the question of whether the overlapping sequence between CaMV ORF IV and ORF V was able to direct a +l frameshifting event, we introduced this sequence between CaMV ORF VII and CaMV ORF III. For this reason, we constructed a yeast expression vector containing CaMV ORF VII fused to CaMV ORF III by a fragment of 452 bp including the overlapping region of ORF IV and ORF V, ORF VII and ORF III being used as reporter genes.


id: cord-262574-gu0930s3
author: Slagle, Betty L.
date: 1985-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7936
sentence: 285
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-262574-gu0930s3.txt
txt: txt/cord-262574-gu0930s3.txt
title:
  Identification and characterization of a mouse mammary tumor virus protein uniquely expressed on the surface of BALB/cV mammary tumor cells

summary:
  Nucleotide sequencing of an apparent proviral copy of env mRNA defines determinants of expression of the mouse mammary tumor virus env gene Gene order of mouse mammary tumor virus precursor polyproteins and their interaction leading to the formation of a virus Induction of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA in mammary tumors of BALB/ c mice treated with urethane, X-irradiation, and hormones Immunoelectron microscopic studies of antibodies in mouse sera directed against mouse mammary tumor virus Spontaneous occurrence of precipitating antibodies to the mammary tumor virus in mice Coronavirus glycoprotein El, a new type of viral glycoprotein Antibody-induced antigen redistribution and shedding from human breast cancer cells Impaired maturation of mouse mammary tumor virus precursor polypeptides in lymphoid leukemia cells, producing intracytoplasmic A particles and no extracellular B-type virions A p60 polypeptide in the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus with murine leukemia virus p30 antigenie determinants Tissue culture studies of mouse mammary tumor cells and associated viruses Murine mammary tumor virus expression during mammary tumorigenesis in BALB/c mice Identification of a unique mouse mammary tumor virus in the BALB/cNIV mouse strain Sites of synthesis of viral proteins in avian sarcoma virus-infected chicken cells Murine mammary tumor virus structural protein interactions: Formation of oligomeric complexes with cleavable cross-linking agents ML antigen of DBA/2 mouse leukemias: Expression of an endogenous murine mammary tumor virus Sequence and expression of the mouse mammary tumor virus em gene Plasma levels of a viral protein as a diagnostic signal for the presence of tumor: The murine mammary tumor model Dexamethasone-stimulated expression of a proviral copy of mouse mammary tumor virus env mRNA Structural analysis of the intracellular RNAs of murine mammary tumor virus Association of SV40 large tumor antigen and cellular proteins on the surface of SV40-transformed mouse cells Expression and disposition of the murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) envelope gene products by murine mammary tumor cells Mouse mammary tumor virus: Role of class-specific antigenic determinants on the envelope glycoprotein in the development of autogenous immunity and binding of virus to cell receptors Mice with spontaneous mammary tumors develop type-specific neutralizing and cytotoxic antibodies against the mouse mammary tumor virus envelope protein gp52 Mouse mammary tumor virus and murine leukemia virus cell surface antigens on virus producer and nonproducer mammary epithelial tumor cells Biochemical and physiological mechanisms in glucocorticoid hormone induction of mouse mammary tumor virus Proteolytic cleavage events in oncornavirus protein synthesis Expression of the BALB/c mammary tumor virus in mammary tumors of the BALB/cVo subline Expression of mammary tumor virus proteins in preneoplastic outgrowth lines and mammary tumors of the BALB/cV strain of mice Molecular basis of altered mouse mammary tumor virus expression in the D-2 hyperplastic alveolar nodule line of BALB/c mice Detection of simian virus 40 surface-associated large tumor antigen by enzyme-catalyzed radioiodination dase from Streptomyces griseus The release of intact oligosaccharides from specific glycoproteins by endo$-acetylglucosaminidase H. .I Bid Chem Genetic mapping of endogenous mouse mammary tumor viruses: Locus characterization, segregation, and chromosomal distribution Immunological characterization of a low oncogenic mouse mammary tumor virus from BALB/cNIV mice Quantitation of virus-induced (ML,) and normal (Thy.l.2) cell surface antigens in isolated plasma membranes and the extracellular ascites fluid of mouse leukemia cells 3Yl rat cells are defective in processing of the envelope precursor protein of AKR virus Studies of genetic transmission of MTV by C3Hf mice Structural analysis of a 1.7-kilobase mouse mammary tumor virus-specific RNA Quantitative estimation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) antigens by radioimmunoassay The purification and characterization of a major glycoprotein of the murine mammary tumor virus Transcription of mouse mammary tumor virus: Identification of a candidate mRNA for the long terminal repeat gene product Identification of the mammary tumor virus envelope glycoprotein (gp52) on mouse mammary epithelial cell surface Radioimmunoassay for glycoprotein gp47 of murine mammary tumor virus in organs and serum of mice and MMTV-related antigens have been detected at the surface of mammary tumor cells in several mouse strains (for a review, see Bentvelzen and Hilgers, 1980) .


id: cord-274673-tjzlssal
author: De Groot, Raoul J.
date: 1989-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5151
sentence: 218
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-274673-tjzlssal.txt
txt: txt/cord-274673-tjzlssal.txt
title:
  Stably expressed FIPV peplomer protein induces cell fusion and elicits neutralizing antibodies in mice

summary:
  These results indicate that in RM(+)19 cells E2 is only slowly transported from ER to Golgi. Cell lines were established by isolating foci as described by Law et al.


id: cord-255773-b4re5bky
author: Zhang, Qingzhan
date: 2016-01-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9943
sentence: 377
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-255773-b4re5bky.txt
txt: txt/cord-255773-b4re5bky.txt
title:
  Suppression of type I interferon production by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and degradation of CREB-binding protein by nsp1

summary:
  We further sought to study whether the CBP degradation by PEDV was mediated by nsp1 protein. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid protein antagonizes beta interferon production by sequestering the interaction between IRF3 and TBK1 Modulation of CREB binding protein function by the promyelocytic (PML) oncoprotein suggests a role for nuclear bodies in hormone signaling Mechanisms of activation of interferon regulator factor 3: the role of C-terminal domain phosphorylation in IRF-3 dimerization and DNA binding Genome organization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus Rac1 and PAK1 are upstream of IKK-epsilon and TBK-1 in the viral activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 The disruption of ND10 during herpes simplex virus infection correlates with the Vmw110-and proteasome-dependent loss of several PML isoforms Adenovirus small E1A employs the lysine acetylases p300/CBP and tumor suppressor Rb to repress select host genes and promote productive virus infection IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces interleukin-15 through the NF-kappaB signaling pathway Equine arteritis virus does not induce interferon production in equine endothelial cells: identification of nonstructural protein 1 as a main interferon antagonist The viral protein A238L inhibits TNF-alpha expression through a CBP/p300 transcriptional coactivators pathway Degradation of CREB-binding protein and modulation of type I interferon induction by the zinc finger motif of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1alpha subunit Modulation of innate immune signaling by nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in the family Arteriviridae Propagation of the virus of porcine epidemic diarrhea in cell culture IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors Alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free HeLa cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate SARS coronavirus nsp1 protein induces template-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNAs: viral mRNAs are resistant to nsp1-induced RNA cleavage Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 4 antagonizes beta interferon expression by targeting the NF-kappaB essential modulator Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays essential roles in T-cell transformation associated with HTLV-1 infection by stabilizing complex between tax and CREB Thogoto virus ML protein suppresses


id: cord-266018-8bhnlsgy
author: Trifilo, Matthew J.
date: 2004-09-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5112
sentence: 162
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-266018-8bhnlsgy.txt
txt: txt/cord-266018-8bhnlsgy.txt
title:
  The CC chemokine ligand 3 regulates CD11c(+)CD11b(+)CD8α(−) dendritic cell maturation and activation following viral infection of the central nervous system: implications for a role in T cell activation

summary:
  However, by day 12 p.i., the frequency of CCL3 À/À T cells expressing IL-2 remained elevated as compared to CCL3 +/+ T cells (Table 1 ). (B) CD8a and DEC205 expression on CD11c + cells.


id: cord-274424-juj71nc5
author: Pulford, David J.
date: 1991-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4928
sentence: 165
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-274424-juj71nc5.txt
txt: txt/cord-274424-juj71nc5.txt
title:
  Intracellular processing of the porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike protein expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus

summary:
  TGEV S protein steadily became Endo H resistant with time such that after a 4-hr chase virtually all S protein had been modified in the Golgi. The acquisition of Endo H resistance was significantly retarded for recombinant S protein compared to S protein expressed during a TGEV infection.


id: cord-269862-krcu3hfa
author: Wang, Shui-Mei
title: APOBEC3G cytidine deaminase association with coronavirus nucleocapsid protein
date: 2009-05-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6903
sentence: 215
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-269862-krcu3hfa.txt
txt: txt/cord-269862-krcu3hfa.txt
summary:
  Like HIV-1 NC, the SARS-CoV or HCoV-229E N-associated with hA3G depends on the presence of RNA, with the first linker region essential for hA3G packaging into both HIV-1 and SARS-CoV VLPs. However, replacing NC with a leucine-zipper motif that does not encapsidate RNA abolishes hA3G packaging without significantly affecting HIV-1 virion production (Zennou et al., 2004) , suggesting RNA involvement in hA3G incorporation.


id: cord-274480-aywdmj6o
author: Song, Wenfei
title: Identification of residues on human receptor DPP4 critical for MERS-CoV binding and entry
date: 2014-10-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2820
sentence: 104
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-274480-aywdmj6o.txt
txt: txt/cord-274480-aywdmj6o.txt
summary:
  RBD D539 has salt-bridge interaction with hDPP4 residue K267 (B). However, the surrounding hydrophilic surface consists of RBD residues D510, E513 and Y540, and DPP4 residues H298, R317 and Q344.


id: cord-273487-nfgjz6f9
author: Xu, Zaikun
date: 2012-11-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5384
sentence: 212
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-273487-nfgjz6f9.txt
txt: txt/cord-273487-nfgjz6f9.txt
title:
  The helicase activity of DDX56 is required for its role in assembly of infectious West Nile virus particles

summary:
  Loss of DDX56 helicase activity did not affect expression of WNV capsid protein (Fig. 4A ) nor its secretion from infected cells in the form of virus particles (Fig. 5A ). Arrowheads indicate colocalization between capsid, DDX56 proteins and the nucleolar resident protein nucleolin.


id: cord-270534-ebkwv4zo
author: Bodmer, Bianca S.
date: 2018-06-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6556
sentence: 222
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-270534-ebkwv4zo.txt
txt: txt/cord-270534-ebkwv4zo.txt
title:
  Live-attenuated bivalent measles virus-derived vaccines targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus induce robust and multifunctional T cell responses against both viruses in an appropriate mouse model

summary:
  In this study, we aimed to understand the induction of immunity and the functionality of induced T cell responses after vaccination with MV vac2 -MERS-S(H), a vaccine candidate that induces protective immunity against MERS-CoV in an appropriate animal model. In our study, the strong correlation of IFN-γ and TNF-α expression thus indicates a high functionality of induced T cell responses.


id: cord-263302-z5uhrta5
author: Zhang, Xuming
date: 2000-12-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8057
sentence: 309
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-263302-z5uhrta5.txt
txt: txt/cord-263302-z5uhrta5.txt
title:
  Identification of a Noncanonical Signal for Transcription of a Novel Subgenomic mRNA of Mouse Hepatitis Virus: Implication for the Mechanism of Coronavirus RNA Transcription

summary:
  Three intergenic regions of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 genome RNA contain a common nucleotide sequence that is homologous to the 3Ј-end of the viral mRNA leader sequence Analysis of a recombinant mouse hepatitis virus expressing a foreign gene reveals a novel aspect of coronavirus transcription TGEV coronavirus ORF4 encodes a membrane protein that is incorporated into virions Replication and plaque formation of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-2) in mouse cell line DBT culture Characterization of an internal ribosome entry site within mRNA5 of murine hepatitis virus Cellular factors in the transcription and replication of viral RNA genomes: a parallel to DNA-dependent RNA transcription Characterization of leader RNA sequences on the virion and mRNAs of mouse hepatitis virus-a cytoplasmic RNA virus The molecular biology of coronaviruses Mouse hepatitis virus A59: Our findings thus support the notion that base-pairing between the leader (or antileader) and the IG is not the sole mechanism in subgenomic RNA transcription.


id: cord-272260-88l9bq4i
author: Han, L.Y.
date: 2005-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4118
sentence: 139
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-272260-88l9bq4i.txt
txt: txt/cord-272260-88l9bq4i.txt
title:
  Prediction of functional class of novel viral proteins by a statistical learning method irrespective of sequence similarity

summary:
  tRNA region A tutorial on support vector machine for pattern recognition Support vector machines for predicting HIV protease cleavage sites in protein SVM-Prot: web-based support vector machine software for functional classification of a protein from its primary sequence Enzyme family classification by support vector machines Characterization of the intron in the phage T4 thymidylate synthase gene and evidence for its self-excision from the primary transcript Enhanced functional annotation of protein sequences via the use of structural descriptors Multi-class protein fold recognition using support vector machines and neural networks Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage T7 DNA and the locations of T7 genetic elements Phylogenomics: improving functional predictions for uncharacterized genes by evolutionary analysis GeneRAGE: a robust algorithm for sequence clustering and domain detection Protein interaction maps for complete genomes based on gene fusion events An efficient algorithm for large-scale detection of protein families The complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage HP1 DNA Identification of a novel protein encoded by the BamHI A region of the Epstein-Barr virus Protein function prediction using hidden Markov models and neural networks An N-terminal mutation in the bacteriophage T4 In addition to the prediction of protein functional class (Cai et al., 2003 Han et al., 2004; Karchin et al., 2002) , SVM has also been used for a variety of protein classification problems including fold recognition (Ding and Dubchak, 2001) , analysis of solvent accessibility (Yuan et al., 2002) , prediction of secondary structures (Hua and Sun, 2001) , and protein-protein interactions (Bock and Gough, 2001) .


id: cord-274172-3dctmmfe
author: Lucas, Alexandra
date: 1978-07-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5413
sentence: 189
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-274172-3dctmmfe.txt
txt: txt/cord-274172-3dctmmfe.txt
title:
  In vivo and in vitro models of demyelinating diseases II. Persistence and host-regulated thermosensitivity in cells of neural derivation infected with mouse hepatitis and measles viruses

summary:
  The production of a temperature sensitive persistent measles virus infection Activation of a latent measles virus infection in hamster cells Mouse hepatitis virus induced recurrent demyelination Long-term persistent vesicular stomatitis virus and rabies virus infection of cells in vitro Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Isolation of measles virus from a brain biopsy Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Isolation of suppressed measles virus from lymph node biopsies Techniques of Lipidology (T Characteriaztion of rabies viruses recovered from persistently infected BHK cells Interfering and noninterfering defective particles generated by a rabies small plaque variant virus Temperature sensitive virus derived from BHK cells persistently infected with HVJ (Sendai virus) Mechanism of demyelination in JHM virus encephalomyelitis. MHVa and JHM virus production was determined by a plaque assay on L-2 cell monolayers as previously described (Lucas et al., 1977) .


id: cord-271526-14nfqusv
author: Molenkamp, Richard
date: 1997-12-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5569
sentence: 249
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-271526-14nfqusv.txt
txt: txt/cord-271526-14nfqusv.txt
title:
  Identification of a Specific Interaction between the Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus A59 Nucleocapsid Protein and Packaging Signal

summary:
  We observed specific interaction In order to serve as template DNA, pPs290 was linearbetween in vitro transcripts containing the Ps and N proized with BamHI, extracted with phenol/chloroform, and tein isolated from infected cells, but also with N protein precipitated with ethanol. If the N protein is indeed part of the complex, binding to N of a N-specific antibody should result in the formation of a large complex composed of Ps290 RNA, N protein, and N-specific antibody.


id: cord-270814-krw8zmr5
author: Rao, Pasupuleti V.
date: 1997-03-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5960
sentence: 202
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-270814-krw8zmr5.txt
txt: txt/cord-270814-krw8zmr5.txt
title:
  Identification of a Contiguous 6-Residue Determinant in the MHV Receptor That Controls the Level of Virion Binding to Cells

summary:
  To identify individual residues controlling virus binding differences, we have used plasmid and vaccinia virus vectors to express two forms of MHV receptor differing only in their NTD. The re-A set of cDNAs capable of encoding four distinct sults (Fig. 2 ) revealed identical patterns of immunoreacforms of MHV receptor were each recombined into tive protein in lysates expected to contain Bgp1 b NTD , the vaccinia virus genome using insertion vector pTM3 1 a Q10G,V123G , and 1 a (lanes 1-3, respectively).


id: cord-275234-t6e7vr9y
author: Leone, Gustavo
date: 1991-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5713
sentence: 194
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-275234-t6e7vr9y.txt
txt: txt/cord-275234-t6e7vr9y.txt
title:
  The N-terminal heptad repeat region of reovirus cell attachment protein σ1 is responsible for σ1 oligomer stability and possesses intrinsic oligomerization function

summary:
  It is possible to explain the discrepancies between our present findings and those reported by Banerjea et al. (1988) on the basis of the methods used for protein al detection. Like the authentic protein, al oligomers synthesized in vitro were capable of binding to cell receptors (R. Duncan, G. Leone, and P. W. K. Lee, unpublished observations) , and were cleaved by trypsin to yield a well-defined pattern (see below).


id: cord-277838-931sco95
author: Erles, Kerstin
title: Detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease
date: 2003-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5089
sentence: 205
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-277838-931sco95.txt
txt: txt/cord-277838-931sco95.txt
summary:
  The virus was provisionally called canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCV). Serological analysis showed that the presence of antibodies against CRCV on the day of entry into the kennel decreased the risk of developing respiratory disease.


id: cord-269866-3tpyj04y
author: Liu, D. X.
date: 1992-01-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3168
sentence: 110
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-269866-3tpyj04y.txt
txt: txt/cord-269866-3tpyj04y.txt
title:
  Identification of two new polypeptides encoded by mRNA5 of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus

summary:
  Thus both the 5a and 5b ORFs are expressed in infected cells. To establish whether these polypeptides represent genuine virus gene products, both the 5a and 5b coding sequences were expressed as bacterial fusion proteins, and these were used to raise monospecific antisera.


id: cord-272051-arz8r204
author: Federico, Maurizio
date: 2011-08-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6787
sentence: 261
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-272051-arz8r204.txt
txt: txt/cord-272051-arz8r204.txt
title:
  HIV-protease inhibitors block the replication of both vesicular stomatitis and influenza viruses at an early post-entry replication step

summary:
  However, it is now accepted that this family of inhibitors can also affect the activity of cell proteases. The concept that the activity of cell proteases is part of the mechanisms underlying the replication of many virus species is widely accepted.


id: cord-284646-fhruiw23
author: Jaeger, Anna S.
date: 2020-05-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3954
sentence: 128
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-284646-fhruiw23.txt
txt: txt/cord-284646-fhruiw23.txt
title:
  Spondweni virus causes fetal harm in Ifnar1(-/-) mice and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

summary:
  An 783 account of theRockefeller Foundation virus program Zika virus and the nonmicrocephalic fetus: why we should still worry Emerg 790 Spondweni virus infection in a 792 foreign resident of Upper Volta The incidence of arthropod-794 borne viruses in a population of culicine mosquitoes in Tongaland Type I interferons instigate fetal demise after Zika virus infection. key: cord-284646-fhruiw23 authors: Jaeger, Anna S.; Weiler, Andrea M.; Moriarty, Ryan V.; Rybarczyk, Sierra; O'Connor, Shelby L.; O'Connor, David H.; Seelig, Davis M.; Fritsch, Michael K.; Friedrich, Thomas C.; Aliota, Matthew T. title: Spondweni virus causes fetal harm in Ifnar1(-/-) mice and is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes date: 2020-05-24 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 284646 cord_uid: fhruiw23 Spondweni virus (SPONV) is the most closely related known flavivirus to Zika virus (ZIKV).


id: cord-289712-w1y0lc5c
author: Flintoff, Wayne F.
date: 1984-04-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4110
sentence: 168
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-289712-w1y0lc5c.txt
txt: txt/cord-289712-w1y0lc5c.txt
title:
  Replication of murine coronaviruses in somatic cell hybrids between murine fibroblasts and rat Schwannoma cells

summary:
  Results are expressed as the percentage of the unheated controls. of hybrid cells. Hybrid cells formed between these mouse and rat cells could be readily distinguished from the parental cells on the basis of their chromosome content and on the production of species-specific gene products.


id: cord-272871-gu9ptt9y
author: White, K.Andrew
title: Defective RNAs of clover yellow mosaic virus encode nonstructural/coat protein fusion products
date: 1991-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4704
sentence: 182
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-272871-gu9ptt9y.txt
txt: txt/cord-272871-gu9ptt9y.txt
summary:
  First-strand synthesis of cDNA was primed with oligonucleotide CY-11 complementary to the 3' terminus of CYMV RNA (5'GAGAGTCGAClrl-TTATACACCCAAAAGTCTACGGG). In vitro translation was also carried out on 0.25 pg of CYMV RNA extracted from virions and on 0.25 pg of brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA.


id: cord-272925-xag1yaie
author: Carter, Gemma C.
title: HIV entry in macrophages is dependent on intact lipid rafts
date: 2009-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8182
sentence: 278
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-272925-xag1yaie.txt
txt: txt/cord-272925-xag1yaie.txt
summary:
  These data suggest that macrophage membrane cholesterol is essential for HIV entry, and implicate lipid raft involvement. Therefore, depletion of macrophage membrane cholesterol with MβCD severely inhibits the early steps of productive HIV infection of macrophages.


id: cord-276358-so390gp4
author: Nieto-Torres, Jose L.
date: 2015-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7188
sentence: 240
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-276358-so390gp4.txt
txt: txt/cord-276358-so390gp4.txt
title:
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome

summary:
  A virus lacking M2 protein as a live attenuated vaccine Recombinant respiratory syncytial virus bearing a deletion of either the NS2 or SH gene is attenuated in chimpanzees Hexamethylene amiloride blocks E protein ion channels and inhibits coronavirus replication SARS coronavirus E protein forms cationselective ion channels A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein efficiently binds angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 Intracellular proton conductance of the hepatitis C virus p7 protein and its contribution to infectious virus production Participation of c-FLIP in NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome activation Molecular physiology of the SERCA and SPCA pumps Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus group-specific open reading frames encode nonessential functions for replication in cell cultures and mice Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Viral calciomics: interplays between Ca 2 þ and virus The work done by the authors was supported by Grants from the Government of Spain (BIO2013-42869-R, FIS2013-40473-P), Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2012/069), Fundació Caixa Castelló-Bancaixa (P1-1B2012-03) and a U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) project (5P01 AI060699). Therefore, E protein channel is equally selective for Cl À and Ca 2 þ in neutral membranes.


id: cord-276034-a8pixbuc
author: Zhi, Yan
date: 2005-04-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6232
sentence: 222
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-276034-a8pixbuc.txt
txt: txt/cord-276034-a8pixbuc.txt
title:
  Identification of murine CD8 T cell epitopes in codon-optimized SARS-associated coronavirus spike protein

summary:
  key: cord-276034-a8pixbuc authors: Zhi, Yan; Kobinger, Gary P.; Jordan, Heather; Suchma, Katie; Weiss, Susan R.; Shen, Hao; Schumer, Gregory; Gao, Guangping; Boyer, Julie L.; Crystal, Ronald G.; Wilson, James M. title: Identification of murine CD8 T cell epitopes in codon-optimized SARS-associated coronavirus spike protein date: 2005-04-25 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.01.050 sha: doc_id: 276034 cord_uid: a8pixbuc The causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new type of coronavirus, SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). CD8 T cells play an important role in controlling diseases caused by other coronaviruses and in mediating vaccine-induced protective immunity in corresponding animal models.


id: cord-273379-w8vy5rl8
author: Mizutani, Tetsuya
date: 2000-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4080
sentence: 146
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-273379-w8vy5rl8.txt
txt: txt/cord-273379-w8vy5rl8.txt
title:
  Nascent Synthesis of Leader Sequence-Containing Subgenomic mRNAs in Coronavirus Genome-Length Replicative Intermediate RNA

summary:
  In contrast, alphaviruses, which produce a subgenomic mRNA that corresponds to the 3Ј-region of viral genome, produce three RF RNAs after RNase A treatment of alphavirus RI RNA; with this virus, genome RNA and subgenomic RNA elongate on a genome-length negativestrand RNA in its RI RNA (19) . Accordingly, if the negative-strand genome-length MHV RNA is a template for subgenomic mRNA synthesis, then all the subgenomic mRNAs are likely to be elongating in a genome-length RI RNA.


id: cord-283309-ovx5fzsg
author: Yang, Yong-Le
date: 2019-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5450
sentence: 180
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-283309-ovx5fzsg.txt
txt: txt/cord-283309-ovx5fzsg.txt
title:
  Characterization of a novel bat-HKU2-like swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV) infection in cultured cells and development of a SeACoV infectious clone

summary:
  Two viral genes, SeACoV N and the nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) acidic domain (Ac) of ORF1a, were expressed as soluble products in the bacteria; the SeACoV spike subunit 1 (S1) was expressed in insect cells, secreting into the cultured medium. The availability of the SeACoV infectious clone and a panel of antibodies against different viral proteins will facilitate further studies on understanding the molecular mechanisms of SeACoV replication and pathogenesis.


id: cord-280795-wtrt13ij
author: Han, Yu-Tsung
title: Mutational analysis of a helicase motif-based RNA 5′-triphosphatase/NTPase from bamboo mosaic virus
date: 2007-10-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5837
sentence: 204
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-280795-wtrt13ij.txt
txt: txt/cord-280795-wtrt13ij.txt
summary:
  RNA 5′-triphosphatase activity of Nsp2 Crystal structures of complexes of PcrA DNA helicase with a DNA substrate indicate an inchworm mechanism Brome mosaic virus 1a nucleoside triphosphatase/helicase domain plays crucial roles in recruiting RNA replication templates RNA-stimulated NTPase activity associated with yellow fever virus NS3 protein expressed in bacteria Identification of the RNA-binding sites of the 28 kDa movement protein of bamboo mosaic potexvirus Structure of the hepatitis C virus RNA helicase domain This work was supported by grants, NSC 94-2752-B-005-012-PAE, from the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China. In spite of lacking explicit biochemical data, the helicase-like domain of BaMV replicase has been thought to have RNA helicase activity, which may be required for resolving intramolecular base pairing in the template RNA and/or preventing the formation of extensive base pairing between template and the nascent complementary strand during RNA replication process.


id: cord-275348-jna496x7
author: Kapadia, Sagar U.
date: 2008-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5987
sentence: 223
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-275348-jna496x7.txt
txt: txt/cord-275348-jna496x7.txt
title:
  SARS vaccine based on a replication-defective recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus is more potent than one based on a replication-competent vector

summary:
  VSV G protein is the target of VSV neutralizing antibodies (Kelley et al., 1972) . VSVΔG-EGFP1 pseudotyped with either SΔtail-HA or VSV G proteins were incubated with antiserum from mice immunized with wt VSV, VSV-S or SARS-CoV as indicated.


id: cord-279924-09uwhxs9
author: Plaisted, Warren C.
title: T cell mediated suppression of neurotropic coronavirus replication in neural precursor cells
date: 2014-01-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5588
sentence: 166
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-279924-09uwhxs9.txt
txt: txt/cord-279924-09uwhxs9.txt
summary:
  Together, these findings suggest that T cells play a critical role in controlling replication of a neurotropic virus in NPCs, a finding which has important implications when considering immune modulation for NPC-based therapies for treatment of human neurologic diseases. Collectively, our findings argue that T cells are important for controlling viral replication within NPCs through both cytolytic activity and IFN-γ secretion.


id: cord-280287-t7uozjml
author: Favier, Anne-Laure
date: 2004-04-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6993
sentence: 255
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-280287-t7uozjml.txt
txt: txt/cord-280287-t7uozjml.txt
title:
  Unique physicochemical properties of human enteric Ad41 responsible for its survival and replication in the gastrointestinal tract

summary:
  This feature can be attributed to a large extent to the global basic charge of enteric Ad virions and to the stability of Ad41 fiber, a viral protein mediating virus attachment. Because all mucosa possess an enzymatic barrier composed primarily of proteolytic enzymes (Zhou and Li Wan Po, 1994) , we analyzed the proteolytic resistance of Ad41 fibers, viral proteins mediating cell attachment.


id: cord-271359-dpa8zzc3
author: Sapats, S. I.
title: Novel Variation in the N Protein of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus
date: 1996-12-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2320
sentence: 109
flesch: 61
cache: cache/cord-271359-dpa8zzc3.txt
txt: txt/cord-271359-dpa8zzc3.txt
summary:
  These epi-1962, whereas N9/74, N2/75, N1/88, Q3/88, V5/90, and V18/91 were isolated from vaccinated commercial chicks topes are conserved in other Australian strains of IBV, indicating unusual changes in the N genes of N1/88, Q3/ between 1974 and 1991. 3b ) showed other strains of IBV based upon the published nucleotide sequences for the N gene is shown in Fig. 2 .


id: cord-266861-t5h133lp
author: Moller-Tank, Sven
title: Phosphatidylserine receptors: enhancers of enveloped virus entry and infection
date: 2014-11-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11916
sentence: 334
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-266861-t5h133lp.txt
txt: txt/cord-266861-t5h133lp.txt
summary:
  More recently, a variety of additional PVEERs were identified, including T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 and 4 (TIM-1 and 4) proteins and MFG-E8/integrin αvβ3 or αvβ5 complexes (Meertens et al., 2012; Jemielity et al., 2013; Moller-Tank et al., 2013; Morizono and Chen, 2014) . The group of viruses whose entry is enhanced by PVEERs now include members of the flavivirus, filovirus, New World arenavirus, baculovirus, and alphavirus families (Meertens et al., 2012; Jemielity et al., 2013; Moller-Tank et al., 2013; Morizono and Chen, 2014) .


id: cord-285869-jwflooop
author: Clementz, Mark A.
title: Mutation in murine coronavirus replication protein nsp4 alters assembly of double membrane vesicles
date: 2008-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7038
sentence: 286
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-285869-jwflooop.txt
txt: txt/cord-285869-jwflooop.txt
summary:
  key: cord-285869-jwflooop authors: Clementz, Mark A.; Kanjanahaluethai, Amornrat; O’Brien, Timothy E.; Baker, Susan C. title: Mutation in murine coronavirus replication protein nsp4 alters assembly of double membrane vesicles date: 2008-05-01 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.01.018 sha: doc_id: 285869 cord_uid: jwflooop Coronaviruses are positive-strand RNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells by generating a membrane-associated replicase complex. All positive-stranded RNA viruses that infect mammalian and plant hosts form membrane-associated replication complexes in the cytoplasm of infected cells (Salonen et al., 2005) .


id: cord-284707-72vx11aq
author: Leibowitz, Julian L.
title: Synthesis of virus-specific RNA in permeabilized murine coronavirus-infected cells
date: 1988-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5510
sentence: 218
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-284707-72vx11aq.txt
txt: txt/cord-284707-72vx11aq.txt
summary:
  1. Determination of pH optimum for MHV RNA polymerase activity in permeabilized cells. Replicate cultures were assayed for MHV RNA polymerase activity using the original formulation of buffer B (33 mM NH&I, 5 mM NaCI, 20 mM KCI, 4.5 mM MgCIP, as described under Materials and Methods with the exception that the pH was varied between 7.0 and 8.4 among the replicate cultures.


id: cord-286121-ltaxmp3u
author: Xu, Ke
title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus accessory protein 9b is a virion-associated protein
date: 2009-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5291
sentence: 215
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-286121-ltaxmp3u.txt
txt: txt/cord-286121-ltaxmp3u.txt
summary:
  Further analysis shows that sufficient incorporation of 9b protein into VLPs is dependent upon the co-expression of E and M proteins, but not upon the presence of either S or N protein. 1C N(9b − )), 9b protein was not expressed while the expression level of N protein showed little change.


id: cord-282947-3hgku2e4
author: Wong, Hui Hui
date: 2017-12-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8733
sentence: 302
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-282947-3hgku2e4.txt
txt: txt/cord-282947-3hgku2e4.txt
title:
  Accessory proteins 8b and 8ab of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress the interferon signaling pathway by mediating ubiquitin-dependent rapid degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3

summary:
  Infection of cells with rIBV-8bm did not result in similar reductions in IRF3 protein levels, despite a similar replication efficiency of the two recombinant viruses (Fig. 6a) . Expression of protein 8b or 8ab could not be detected in cells infected with rIBV8a/b using Western blot analysis (data not shown), further supporting our previous observation that 8b is not expressed from this construct (Le et al., 2007) .


id: cord-286060-92lazxd7
author: Stohlman, Stephen A.
title: Synthesis and subcellular localization of the murine coronavirus nucleocapsid protein
date: 1983-10-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2016
sentence: 86
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-286060-92lazxd7.txt
txt: txt/cord-286060-92lazxd7.txt
summary:
  addition, using 9 labeling, we could detect small amounts of phosphorylated pp60 after a 5-min pulse (data not shown). In contrast, neither gp25 nor ~120, which are integral membrane proteins (14) , were affected by this treatment, indicating that pp60 is strongly associated with, but not integrated into, the host cell membranes.


id: cord-270586-ohs8z91m
author: Ballesteros, M. L.
date: 1997-01-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6050
sentence: 236
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-270586-ohs8z91m.txt
txt: txt/cord-270586-ohs8z91m.txt
title:
  Two Amino Acid Changes at the N-Terminus of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus Spike Protein Result in the Loss of Enteric Tropism

summary:
  Sá nchez et al., 1990) using optimum amounts of virus Viruses were grown in swine testis (ST) cells (McClur-(0.5 mg of protein per well). Initial attempts to isolate TGEV recombinant viruses The calculated data indicate that the frequency of recomusing selective pressure with neutralizing MAbs specific binant isolation at the 5 of the S gene was 3.7-fold higher for a single epitope lead to the isolation of neutralization than that of Group 2 recombinants.


id: cord-284581-fl2nt4ak
author: Kleine-Weber, Hannah
date: 2019-07-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3207
sentence: 98
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-284581-fl2nt4ak.txt
txt: txt/cord-284581-fl2nt4ak.txt
title:
  Spike proteins of novel MERS-coronavirus isolates from North- and West-African dromedary camels mediate robust viral entry into human target cells

summary:
  In order to study host cell entry driven by S proteins from the C1 subclade, we employed PCR-based mutagenesis to generate expression constructs for the S proteins of MERS-CoV from Morocco (camel/Morocco/CIRAD-HKU213/2015, MO), Nigeria (camel/Nigeria/NV1657/ 2016, NI) and Burkina Faso (camel/Burkina Faso/CIRAD-HKU785/ 2015, BF), using a published expression construct for MERS-CoV EMC S protein as template (Kleine-Weber et al., 2018 . S proteins of North/West-and West-African MERS-CoV isolates from dromedary camels efficiently bind to DPP4.


id: cord-273745-mwjh5se7
author: Meng, Fandan
date: 2014-03-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5528
sentence: 186
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-273745-mwjh5se7.txt
txt: txt/cord-273745-mwjh5se7.txt
title:
  A phage-displayed peptide recognizing porcine aminopeptidase N is a potent small molecule inhibitor of PEDV entry

summary:
  However, when PEDV, TGEV and porcine pseudorabies virus were incubated with peptide H (HVTTTFAPPPPR), only infection of Vero cells by PEDV was inhibited. Immunofluoresence assays indicated that inhibition of PEDV infection by peptide H was independent of pAPN.


id: cord-274122-n9jnu2ah
author: Mielech, Anna M.
title: MERS-CoV papain-like protease has deISGylating and deubiquitinating activities
date: 2014-02-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4861
sentence: 169
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-274122-n9jnu2ah.txt
txt: txt/cord-274122-n9jnu2ah.txt
summary:
  Importantly, we show that coronavirus PLpro activity can modulate the innate immune response. We recently described expression and protease activity of MERS-CoV PLpro in cell culture (Kilianski et al., 2013) .


id: cord-283998-whwksoxt
author: Tannock, Gregory A.
title: The RNA of human coronavirus OC-43
date: 1977-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3982
sentence: 141
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-283998-whwksoxt.txt
txt: txt/cord-283998-whwksoxt.txt
summary:
  (1975) reported that RNA complexes from the porcine coronaviruses TGEV and HEV were degraded if extracted by SDS lysis at temperatures above 60, as has been noted for the RNAs of Retroviridae (Duesberg, 1968 ). RNA extraction.


id: cord-271763-cual2qv4
author: Abraham, Sushma
date: 1990-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2828
sentence: 102
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-271763-cual2qv4.txt
txt: txt/cord-271763-cual2qv4.txt
title:
  Deduced sequence of the bovine coronavirus spike protein and identification of the internal proteolytic cleavage site

summary:
  with amino acid 763, and, on the basis of the pattern in MHV and IBV, predicts a cleavage between amino acids 768 and 769 (note arrow in Fig. 2 ). The BCV and MHV S proteins show remarkable sequence homology suggesting that these viruses are re-A599 '


id: cord-284968-eymvj6k3
author: Namazue, Junko
title: Processing of virus-specific glycoproteins of varicella zoster virus
date: 1985-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2825
sentence: 89
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-284968-eymvj6k3.txt
txt: txt/cord-284968-eymvj6k3.txt
summary:
  From these data, it could be supposed that VZV gp 2 contains O-glycoside oligosaccharides. In our laboratory, three groups of monoclonal antibodies against VZV were isolated and the processing of VZV glycoproteins using these antibodies has been investigated (Okuno et a& 1983) .


id: cord-273246-4s54jrww
author: Niu, Shengniao
date: 2014-01-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4219
sentence: 143
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-273246-4s54jrww.txt
txt: txt/cord-273246-4s54jrww.txt
title:
  An infectious RNA with a hepta-adenosine stretch responsible for programmed −1 ribosomal frameshift derived from a full-length cDNA clone of Hibiscus latent Singapore virus

summary:
  To construct HLSV full length cDNA clone, reverse transcription was carried out using purified HLSV RNA as template by Superscript III Reverse Transcriptase (Life Technologies, Invitrogen), by using primer HL-R1. The 126-and/or 183-kDa replicases or their coding regions are responsible both for inefficient local and for systemic movements of Paprika mild mottle virus Japanese strain in tomato plants A mechanical explanation of RNA pseudoknot function in programmed ribosomal frameshifting Trans complementation of virusencoded replicase components of tobacco mosaic virus A sequence required for À 1 ribosomal frameshifting located four kilobases downstream of the frameshift site Ribosomal frameshift signals in viral genomes Plastocyanin transit peptide interacts with Potato virus X coat protein, while silencing of plastocyanin reduces coat protein accumulation in chloroplasts and symptom severity in host plants Template strand switching by T7 RNA polymerase A pilot study of bacterial genes with disrupted ORFs reveals a surprising profusion of protein sequence recoding mediated by ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional realignment A three-nucleotide mutation altering the Maize streak virus Rep pRBRinteraction motif reduces symptom severity in maize and partially reverts at high frequency without restoring pRBR-Rep binding Determination of complete nucleotide sequence of Hibiscus latent Singapore virus: evidence for the presence of an internal poly(A) tract Hibiscus virus S is a new subgroup II tobamovirus: evidence from its unique coat protein and movement protein sequences A long-distance RNA-RNA interaction plays an important role in programmed À 1 ribosomal frameshifting in the translation of p88 replicase protein of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus RNA pseudoknots: translational frameshifting and readthrough on viral RNAs KnotInFrame: prediction of À 1 ribosomal frameshift events Sufficient length of a poly(A) tail for the formation of a potential pseudoknot is required for efficient replication of bamboo mosaic potexvirus RNA Mutation of Phe50 to Ser50 in the 126/183-kDa proteins of Odontoglossum ringspot virus abolishes virus replication but can be complemented and restored by exact reversion Identification of Hepta-and Octo-Uridine stretches as sole signals for programmed þ1 and À 1 ribosomal frameshifting during translation of SARS-CoV ORF 3a variants HIV expression strategies: ribosomal frameshifting is directed by a short sequence in both mammalian and yeast systems Elucidation of the genome organization of tobacco mosaic virus


id: cord-275664-qbafkxtr
author: Wei, Li
date: 2009-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4826
sentence: 180
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-275664-qbafkxtr.txt
txt: txt/cord-275664-qbafkxtr.txt
title:
  Porcine circovirus type 2 replication is impaired by inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway

summary:
  These data indicate that the ERK signaling pathway is involved in PCV2 infection and beneficial to PCV2 replication in the cultured cells. The role of ERK activation in PCV2 replication will contribute important information about the molecular mechanism of PCV2 infection.


id: cord-275993-isff6lp2
author: Han, Dong P
title: Development of a safe neutralization assay for SARS-CoV and characterization of S-glycoprotein
date: 2004-08-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5610
sentence: 195
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-275993-isff6lp2.txt
txt: txt/cord-275993-isff6lp2.txt
summary:
  Antibodies against SARS proteins have been shown to appear as early as 9 days after the onset of illness (Hsueh et al., 2003) . Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped retroviral vectors: concentration to very high titer and efficient gene transfer into mammalian and nonmammalian cells Identification of the epitope region capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and utilization of the CC-CKR5 coreceptor Subunit protein vaccines: theoretical and practical considerations for HIV-1 Membrane rearrangement and vesicle induction by recombinant poliovirus 2C and 2BC in human cells Monoclonal antibodies to murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain JHM) define the viral glycoprotein responsible for attachment and cell -cell fusion Protection from lethal coronavirus infection by affinity-purified spike glycoprotein of murine hepatitis virus, strain A59 Assembly of coronavirus spike protein into trimers and its role in epitope expression Identification of a major co-receptor for primary isolates of HIV-1 Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome The V5A13.1 envelope glycoprotein deletion mutant of mouse hepatitis virus type-4 is neuroattenuated by its reduced rate of spread in the central nervous system Antigenic relationships of murine coronaviruses: analysis using monoclonal antibodies to JHM (MHV-4) virus Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase Alteration of the pH dependence of coronavirus-induced cell fusion: effect of mutations in the spike glycoprotein Major receptorbinding and neutralization determinants are located within the same domain of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (coronavirus) spike protein Detection of SARS coronavirus in plasma by real-time RT-PCR Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Microbiologic characteristics, serologic responses, and clinical manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome Location of antigenic sites defined by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the S1 avian infectious bronchitis virus glycopolypeptide Development of a safe and rapid neutralization assay using murine leukemia virus pseudotyped with HIV type 1 envelope glycoprotein lacking the cytoplasmic domain Protective immunity against murine hepatitis virus (MHV) induced by intranasal or subcutaneous administration of hybrids of tobacco mosaic virus that carries an MHV epitope A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Neutralization and fusion inhibition activities of monoclonal antibodies specific for the S1 subunit of the spike protein of neurovirulent murine coronavirus JHMV c1-2 variant Localization of neutralizing epitopes and the receptor-binding site within the amino-terminal 330 amino acids of the murine coronavirus spike protein Coronviridae: the viruses and their replication A real-time PCR for SARS-coronavirus incorporating target gene pre-amplification The C12 mutant of MHV-A59 is very weakly demyelinating and has five amino acid substitutions restricted to the spike and replicase genes Role of pH in syncytium induction and genome uncoating of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV) Coronavirus IBV-induced membrane fusion occurs at near-neutral pH Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets New mammalian expression vectors Entry of mouse hepatitis virus into cells by endosomal and nonendosomal pathways Quantitative analysis and prognostic implication of SARS coronavirus RNA in the plasma and serum of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome N-linked glycosylation sites adjacent to and within the V1/ V2 and the V3 loops of dualtropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate DH12 gp120 affect coreceptor usage and cellular tropism Initial events in bovine coronavirus infection: analysis through immunogold probes and lysosomotropic inhibitors Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Foamy virus envelope glycoprotein-mediated entry involves a pH-dependent fusion process Early diagnosis of SARS Coronavirus infection by real time RT-PCR Rapid diagnosis of a coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada A role for carbohydrates in immune evasion in AIDS Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Targeted recombination demonstrates that the spike gene of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus is a determinant of its enteric tropism and virulence Pseudotyping of murine leukemia virus with the envelope glycoproteins of HIV generates a retroviral vector with specificity of infection for CD4-expressing cells Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein-mediated viral entry Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARScoronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage Localization of major neutralizing epitopes on the S1 polypeptide of the murine coronavirus peplomer glycoprotein Interpretation of diagnostic laboratory tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome: the Toronto experience A 12-amino acid stretch in the hypervariable region of the spike protein S1 subunit is critical for cell fusion activity of mouse hepatitis virus Assessment of immunoreactive synthetic peptides from the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein: expression and functional characterization Evaluation of reverse transcription-PCR assays for rapid diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated with a novel coronavirus Requirement of proteolytic cleavage of the murine coronavirus MHV-2 spike protein for fusion activity We are grateful to CDC for providing plasmids encoding SARS-CoV S gene and convalescent sera, to Dr. Bernard Moss for vTF7-3, to Dr. Franc ßois-Loïc Cosset for TELCeB6 cell line, and to Drs.


id: cord-281237-asnpuami
author: Garten, Wolfgang
date: 1989-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4048
sentence: 160
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-281237-asnpuami.txt
txt: txt/cord-281237-asnpuami.txt
title:
  Inhibition of proteolytic activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin by specific peptidyl chloroalkyl ketones

summary:
  key: cord-281237-asnpuami authors: Garten, Wolfgang; Stieneke, Andrea; Shaw, Elliott; Wikstrom, Peter; Klenk, Hans-Dieter title: Inhibition of proteolytic activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin by specific peptidyl chloroalkyl ketones date: 1989-09-30 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90103-7 sha: doc_id: 281237 cord_uid: asnpuami Abstract Lysates of cultured cells have been analyzed for arginine-specific endoproteases using peptidyl-p-n itroanil ides as chromogenic substrates. These studies suggest a potential role of peptidyl chloroalkyl ketones as antiviral agents Biosynthesis of the hemagglutinin of influenza virus involves post-translational proteolytic cleavage of the precursor HA into the subunits HA, and HA;!.


id: cord-290640-kh2t0kfz
author: O'Connor, Jennifer Black
title: Downstream Ribosomal Entry for Translation of Coronavirus TGEV Gene 3b
date: 2000-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6002
sentence: 173
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-290640-kh2t0kfz.txt
txt: txt/cord-290640-kh2t0kfz.txt
summary:
  These results, therefore, are not fully consistent with the leaky scanning model for ORF 3b Translation of ORF 3b is not blocked by the upstream insertion of an 884-nt-long sequence containing three sequential ORFs To test for an internal entry of ribosomes onto ORF 3b, pORF3a-3b-4 was modified to psCATORF3a-3b-4 by the placement of an 884-nt-long sequence containing three sequential ORFs upstream of ORF 3a (Fig. 1C ) and the products of translation were quantitated. In the case of TGEV ORF 3b shunting reported here, a requirement for an upstream structure seems unlikely, since shunting took place in the presence of foreign sequence (psCATORF3a-3b-4) as well as (relatively) native sequence (pORF3a-3b-4) at the 5Ј terminus.


id: cord-270929-utn21ce1
author: Wise, Annabel G.
date: 2006-05-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6117
sentence: 218
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-270929-utn21ce1.txt
txt: txt/cord-270929-utn21ce1.txt
title:
  Molecular characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with epizootic catarrhal enteritis (ECE) in ferrets

summary:
  BLAST analysis of the entire FECV-MSU1 N gene sequence consistently demonstrated significant similarities to reported coronavirus N gene sequences in the GenBank database. The deduced amino acid sequence of the FECV-MSU1 N protein was aligned with corresponding coronavirus sequences from GenBank, representing each of the coronavirus antigenic groupings.


id: cord-279813-mrei5kih
author: Temeeyasen, G.
date: 2017-12-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6674
sentence: 225
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-279813-mrei5kih.txt
txt: txt/cord-279813-mrei5kih.txt
title:
  Differential gene modulation of pattern-recognition receptor TLR and RIG-I-like and downstream mediators on intestinal mucosa of pigs infected with PEDV non S-INDEL and PEDV S-INDEL strains

summary:
  Moreover, PEDV S-INDEL was shown to be clinically relevant in neonates, but clinical disease could not be reproduced in pigs older than three weeks (Annamalai et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2016) . PEDV S-INDEL was shown to be clinically relevant in neonates, but clinical disease could not be reproduced in pigs older than three weeks (Annamalai et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2016) .


id: cord-281820-oltqsd6n
author: Watanabe, Rie
date: 2007-09-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3705
sentence: 126
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-281820-oltqsd6n.txt
txt: txt/cord-281820-oltqsd6n.txt
title:
  Heparan sulfate is a binding molecule but not a receptor for CEACAM1-independent infection of murine coronavirus

summary:
  The pretreatment of viruses with heparin with the same disaccharide-repeating units as HS can generally block virus infection when cell surface HS contributes to their attachment/infection (Liu and Thorp, 2002) . We also found that both wt JHMV and srr7 attached to MHVR-negative BHK cells during a standard infection protocol, i.e. without spinoculation (Watanabe et al., 2006) .


id: cord-289991-wx4rsr4g
author: Bhowmick, Rahul
title: Rotavirus infection induces G1 to S phase transition in MA104 cells via Ca(+2)/Calmodulin pathway
date: 2014-03-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7176
sentence: 226
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-289991-wx4rsr4g.txt
txt: txt/cord-289991-wx4rsr4g.txt
summary:
  Among the three check points of cell cycle at G 1 /S, G 2 /M and the metaphase/anaphase boundary, G 1 /S is the time window where cell decides for growth or quiescence depending on environmental conditions (Bartek and Lukas, 2001) . Many observations such as sharing of same morphological characters (Cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and membrane blebbing) and regulatory proteins (p53, Rb, E2F) suggests link between apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, which prompted us to explore the effect of RV infection on cell cycle (Alenzi, 2004) .


id: cord-293375-qcy56ui7
author: Strauss, Ellen G.
title: Identification of the active site residues in the nsP2 proteinase of sindbis virus
date: 1992-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5197
sentence: 185
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-293375-qcy56ui7.txt
txt: txt/cord-293375-qcy56ui7.txt
summary:
  Other proposed papain-like proteinases in RNA viruses include two domains within ORFl a of coronaviruses identified by protein modeling studies (Baker et al., 1991; Lee et al., 1991) and the HC-Pro protein of potyviruses, in which the catalytic Cys and His residues have been identified by mutagenesis (Oh and Carrington, 1989) . Structure of Sindbis virus core protein reveals a chymotrypsln-like serine proteinase and the organization of the vlnon Cleavage-site preferences of Slndbis virus polyproteins containing the nonstructural proteinase: Evidence for temporal regulation of polyproteln processing In VIVO Sindbls virus RNA polymerase is degraded by the N-end rule pathway Sequence of the genome RNA of rubella virus: Evidence for genetic rearrangement during togavirus evolution Genome sequences of a mouse-avirulent and a mouse-virulent strain of Ross River virus Convergence of active site geometries Plant viral protelnases Cysteine proteases of positive strand RNA viruses and chymotrypsln-like serine proteases: A distinct protein superfamily with a common structural fold Putative papain-related thiol proteases of positive-strand RNA viruses


id: cord-286232-jo24ia4s
author: Hasebe, Rie
title: Infectious entry of equine herpesvirus-1 into host cells through different endocytic pathways
date: 2009-10-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7002
sentence: 265
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-286232-jo24ia4s.txt
txt: txt/cord-286232-jo24ia4s.txt
summary:
  EHV-1 entry into E. Derm cells was significantly reduced by ATP depletion and treatments with lysosomotropic agents. Enveloped virions were detected from E. Derm cells by infectious virus recovery assay after viral internalization, suggesting that EHV-1 enters E. Derm cells via energy- and pH-dependent endocytosis.


id: cord-279432-aik5bo6o
author: Digard, Paul
title: Complex formation between influenza virus polymerase proteins expressed in Xenopus oocytes
date: 1989-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4856
sentence: 172
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-279432-aik5bo6o.txt
txt: txt/cord-279432-aik5bo6o.txt
summary:
  Functions and movements of influenza P proteins during capped RNA-primed transcription Expression of a functional influenza viral cap-recognising protein by using a bovine papilloma virus vector An efficient ribosomal frame-shifting signal in the polymerase encoding region of the coronavirus IBV Translation of eukaryotic messenger RNA inXenopus oocytes The three influenza virus polymerase (P) proteins not associated with viral nucleocapsids in the infected cell are in the form of a complex The effect of capping and polyadenylation on the stability, movement and translation of synthetic messenger RNAs in Xenopus oocytes Influenza virus messenger RNAs are incomplete transcripts of the genome RNAs Transcription of the influenza virus genome Influenza virus, an RNA virus, synthesises its messenger RNA in the nucleus of infected cells Polypeptides specified by the influenza virus genome. key: cord-279432-aik5bo6o authors: Digard, Paul; Blok, Vivian C.; Inglis, Stephen C. title: Complex formation between influenza virus polymerase proteins expressed in Xenopus oocytes date: 1989-07-31 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(89)90523-0 sha: doc_id: 279432 cord_uid: aik5bo6o Abstract All three influenza virus polymerase (P) proteins were expressed in Xenopus oocytes from microinjected in vitro transcribed mRNA analogs, with yields of up to 100 ng per oocyte.


id: cord-294056-7e477y1x
author: La Monica, Nicola
date: 1992-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3371
sentence: 144
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-294056-7e477y1x.txt
txt: txt/cord-294056-7e477y1x.txt
title:
  Coronavirus mRNA synthesis: Identification of novel transcription initiation signals which are differentially regulated by different leader sequences

summary:
  A second primer (78) representing leader RNA sequence (nucleotides 22 to 56) was then used for PCR amplification by Ta9 polymerase. To understand the mechanism of MHV mRNA transcription, we have attempted to determine whether the differential regulation of transcription initiation by leader RNA containing different UCUAA copy numbers is unique to mRNA 2-l. In this report, we have identified several additional transcription initiation sites which are regulated in different manners by leader RNA with different copy numbers of the UCUAA sequence.


id: cord-280957-cdd6ngf1
author: Narkpuk, Jaraspim
title: The avian influenza virus PA segment mediates strain-specific antagonism of BST-2/tetherin
date: 2018-10-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6453
sentence: 205
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-280957-cdd6ngf1.txt
txt: txt/cord-280957-cdd6ngf1.txt
summary:
  Considering the impact of the PA segment on BST-2 protein levels ( Fig. 5A and B ), this appears to indicate a distinct role for the PA segment as a whole in BST-2 protein down-regulation. Human BST-2 was detected with a rabbit anti-human BST-2 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), influenza virus PA with a rabbit anti-PA antibody (Thermo Scientific), and β-actin with a mouse anti-β-actin antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).


id: cord-272045-v1wt5t7m
author: Wilson, Lauren
title: Hexamethylene amiloride blocks E protein ion channels and inhibits coronavirus replication
date: 2006-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7378
sentence: 262
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-272045-v1wt5t7m.txt
txt: txt/cord-272045-v1wt5t7m.txt
summary:
  key: cord-272045-v1wt5t7m authors: Wilson, Lauren; Gage, Peter; Ewart, Gary title: Hexamethylene amiloride blocks E protein ion channels and inhibits coronavirus replication date: 2006-09-30 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.05.028 sha: doc_id: 272045 cord_uid: v1wt5t7m All coronaviruses encode a small hydrophobic envelope (E) protein, which mediates viral assembly and morphogenesis by an unknown mechanism. In this manuscript, we report that in addition to blocking E protein ion channels, HMA also inhibits replication of HCoV-229E and MHV.


id: cord-278578-vq5fy8m5
author: Stodola, Jenny K.
date: 2017-12-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10964
sentence: 307
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-278578-vq5fy8m5.txt
txt: txt/cord-278578-vq5fy8m5.txt
title:
  The OC43 human coronavirus envelope protein is critical for infectious virus production and propagation in neuronal cells and is a determinant of neurovirulence and CNS pathology

summary:
  The hydrophobic domain of infectious bronchitis virus E protein alters the host secretory pathway and is important for release of infectious virus A single polar residue and distinct membrane topologies impact the function of the infectious bronchitis coronavirus E protein Viroporins: structure, function and potential as antiviral targets Recovery of a neurovirulent human coronavirus OC43 from an infectious cDNA clone MERS coronavirus envelope protein has a single transmembrane domain that forms pentameric ion channels The SARS coronavirus E protein interacts with PALS1 and alters tight junction formation and epithelial morphogenesis The transmembrane oligomers of coronavirus protein E Model of a putative pore: the pentameric alpha-helical bundle of SARS coronavirus E protein in lipid bilayers Coronavirus humains (HCoV) Coronavirus envelope (E) protein remains at the site of assembly Coronavirus E protein forms ion channels with functionally and structurally-involved membrane lipids Analysis of SARS-CoV e protein ion channel activity by tuning the protein and lipid charge Development of one-step, real-time, quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr assays for It is in this intracellular region that additional functions mediated by various domains of the coronavirus E proteins are proposed to occur.


id: cord-291611-cfe8yujp
author: Zhang, Xuming
date: 1991-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2780
sentence: 113
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-291611-cfe8yujp.txt
txt: txt/cord-291611-cfe8yujp.txt
title:
  Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the S genes specified by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine coronaviruses

summary:
  The cleavage site of BCV S protein is located in a hydrophilic area, in contrast to paramyxoviruses and myxoviruses, in which the cleavage site is located in hydrophobic domains (20-30 aa) of the fusion proteins ( 19, 20) . Our previous studies revealed that the biological properties of fusion, plaque formation and host cell range were evidently different between the virulent and avirulent groups of BCV strains (8).


id: cord-256769-flfycl7i
author: Stoermer, Kristina A.
title: Complement and Viral Pathogenesis
date: 2011-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10374
sentence: 321
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-256769-flfycl7i.txt
txt: txt/cord-256769-flfycl7i.txt
summary:
  The paramyxoviruses simian virus 5 and mumps virus recruit host cell CD46 to evade complement-mediated neutralization Autophagy induction by the pathogen receptor CD46 Decreased function of peripheral blood dendritic cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma with hepatitis B and C virus infection A dominant complement fixation pathway for pneumococcal polysaccharides initiated by SIGN-R1 interacting with C1q Impaired allostimulatory capacity of peripheral blood dendritic cells recovered from hepatitis C virus-infected individuals Reduced numbers and impaired ability of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells to polarize T helper cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 encodes a functional regulator of complement activation Critical role of complement and viral evasion of complement in acute, persistent, and latent gamma-herpesvirus infection T-cell regulation: with complements from innate immunity Activation of human CD4 + cells with CD3 and CD46 induces a T-regulatory cell 1 phenotype Properdin: emerging roles of a patternrecognition molecule Complement C5a receptor is essential for the optimal generation of antiviral CD8 + T cell responses Interaction between complement receptor gC1qR and hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits T-lymphocyte proliferation Complement component C3 promotes T-cell priming and lung migration to control acute influenza virus infection Mechanism of complement inactivation by glycoprotein C of herpes simplex virus Secreted complement regulatory protein clusterin interacts with dengue virus nonstructural protein 1 Global spread and persistence of dengue Complement-mediated regulation of the IL-17A axis is a central genetic determinant of the severity of experimental allergic asthma Suppression of host immune response by the core protein of hepatitis C virus: possible implications for hepatitis C virus persistence Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Seizures following picornavirus infection Role for complement in the development of seizures following acute viral infection High circulating levels of the dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 early in dengue illness correlate with the development of dengue hemorrhagic fever Structure and regulatory profile of the monkeypox inhibitor of complement: comparison to homologs in vaccinia and variola and evidence for dimer formation Cutting edge: murine CD59a modulates antiviral CD4 + T cell activity in a complementindependent manner Herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gC mediates immune evasion in vivo In vivo role of complement-interacting domains of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gC Herpes simplex virus type 1 evades the effects of antibody and complement in vivo Interplay between promoter and structural gene variants control basal serum level of mannan-binding protein Nonenveloped nucleocapsids of hepatitis C virus in the serum of infected patients Linking innate and acquired immunity: divergent role of CD46 cytoplasmic domains in T cell induced inflammation Complement and coagulation: strangers or partners in crime? Modulation of the antitumor immune response by complement Abrogation of the alternative complement pathway by targeted deletion of murine factor B Protective immune responses against West Nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways Complement activation is required for induction of a protective antibody response against West Nile virus infection Complement protein C1q inhibits antibody-dependent enhancement of flavivirus infection in an IgG subclass-specific manner Complement protein C1q reduces the stoichiometric threshold for antibody-mediated neutralization of West Nile virus Hepatitis C virus and the lung: implications for therapy Induction of p38-and gC1qR-dependent IL-8 expression in pulmonary fibroblasts by soluble hepatitis C core protein Complement contributes to inflammatory tissue destruction in a mouse model of Ross River virus-induced disease Complement receptor 3 promotes severe ross river virus-induced disease Surviving mousepox infection requires the complement system Ectromelia virus inhibitor of complement enzymes protects intracellular mature virus and infected cells from mouse complement Enhancement of neutralizing activity of influenza virus-specific antibodies by serum components Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) open reading frame 4 protein (kaposica) is a functional homolog of complement control proteins Herpes and pox viral complement control proteins: 'the mask of self Alternative complement pathway deregulation is correlated with dengue severity Natural antibodies and complement link innate and acquired immunity Control of early viral and bacterial distribution and disease by natural antibodies Protective T cell-independent antiviral antibody responses are dependent on complement Complement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis Variola virus immune evasion design: expression of a highly efficient inhibitor of human complement Interaction of vaccinia virus complement control protein with human complement proteins: factor I-mediated degradation of C3b to iC3b1 inactivates the alternative complement pathway Role of virion-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins CD55 and CD59 in complement resistance of cell line-derived and primary isolates of HIV-1 Interaction of mannose-binding lectin with primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Non-enveloped HCV core protein as constitutive antigen of cold-precipitable immune complexes in type II mixed cryoglobulinaemia Role of the receptor for the globular domain of C1q protein in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related cryoglobulin vascular damage Host cell-derived complement control proteins CD55 and CD59 are incorporated into the virions of two unrelated enveloped viruses. Gammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, herpesvirus saimiri, and murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) encode homologs of complement regulatory proteins (Albrecht and Fleckenstein, 1992; Mullick et al., 2003a; Spiller et al., 2003; Virgin et al., 1997) .


id: cord-290993-bsnja161
author: McAuliffe, Josephine
date: 2004-12-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4551
sentence: 147
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-290993-bsnja161.txt
txt: txt/cord-290993-bsnja161.txt
title:
  Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys

summary:
  Mucosal immunization of nonhuman primates with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the SARS coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of SARS A comparison in chimpanzees of the immunogenicity and efficacy of live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) temperature-sensitive mutant vaccines and vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of RSV Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome African green monkeys provide a useful nonhuman primate model for the study of human parainfluenza virus types-1,-2, and-3 infection Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Effects of a SARSassociated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys Pegylated interferonalpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Virulence of avian influenza A viruses for squirrel monkeys Immunologic phenomena in the effusive form of feline infectious peritonitis Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study National Microbiology Laboratory, Canada and Canadian Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Study Team Pathogenesis of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in a primate model SARS coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters The recombinant chimeric human parainfluenza virus type 1 vaccine candidate, rHPIV3-1cp45, is attenuated, immunogenic, and protective in African green monkeys Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of SARS coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Susceptibility of pigs and chickens to SARS coronavirus Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis: nature and development of viremia Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis: pathologic changes and immunofluorescence In three of four SARS-CoV-infected AGMs, virus titers in TL samples did not accurately reflect the titer of virus present in tracheal or lung tissue (Table 2 ) and consistently higher titers of virus were seen in lung, tracheal, or nasal turbinate tissue homogenates than in NT swabs or TL samples (Table 2) .


id: cord-289248-6mx4o0eb
author: Wang, Yilong
date: 2018-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7100
sentence: 279
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-289248-6mx4o0eb.txt
txt: txt/cord-289248-6mx4o0eb.txt
title:
  Enhancement of safety and immunogenicity of the Chinese Hu191 measles virus vaccine by alteration of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in the large polymerase protein

summary:
  A full-length cDNA clone of MV strain Hu191, pYES-MV(+), was constructed by a novel methodology using the GeneArt™ High-Order Genetic Assembly System. Despite the high attenuation phenotype, rMV-Hu191-G1788A grew to high titer compared to parental vaccine virus in Vero cells, the WHO approved cell line for vaccine production.


id: cord-303497-s3zs1oxf
author: Breuning, Astrid
title: Characterization of a cold-sensitive (cs) recombinant between two influenza a strains
date: 1983-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3004
sentence: 134
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-303497-s3zs1oxf.txt
txt: txt/cord-303497-s3zs1oxf.txt
summary:
  Non-pathogenic recombinants derived from highly pathogenic parent strains Correlation between RNA fragments of fowl plaque virus and their corresponding gene functions Suppressor recombinants and suppressor mutants Functional significance of sialidase during influenza virus multiplication. The structure of the hemagglutinin, a determinant for the pathogenicity of influenza virus.


id: cord-292019-rfu0bkag
author: Gómez, N.
date: 1998-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3601
sentence: 116
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-292019-rfu0bkag.txt
txt: txt/cord-292019-rfu0bkag.txt
title:
  Expression of Immunogenic Glycoprotein S Polypeptides from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus in Transgenic Plants

summary:
  key: cord-292019-rfu0bkag authors: Gómez, N.; Carrillo, C.; Salinas, J.; Parra, F.; Borca, M. V.; Escribano, J. M. title: Expression of Immunogenic Glycoprotein S Polypeptides from Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus in Transgenic Plants date: 1998-09-30 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1006/viro.1998.9315 sha: doc_id: 292019 cord_uid: rfu0bkag Abstract The use of transgenic plants as vaccine production systems was described recently. We report on the immunological response elicited by two recombinant versions of the glycoprotein S from the swine-transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) expressed in transgenic plants.


id: cord-269094-6aka052v
author: Ortego, Javier
date: 2007-11-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6067
sentence: 188
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-269094-6aka052v.txt
txt: txt/cord-269094-6aka052v.txt
title:
  Absence of E protein arrests transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus maturation in the secretory pathway

summary:
  Studies of the rTGEV-ΔE subcellular localization by confocal and immunoelectron microscopy in infected E(−) cells showed that in the absence of E protein virus trafficking was arrested in the intermediate compartment. key: cord-269094-6aka052v authors: Ortego, Javier; Ceriani, Juan E.; Patiño, Cristina; Plana, Juan; Enjuanes, Luis title: Absence of E protein arrests transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus maturation in the secretory pathway date: 2007-11-25 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.05.032 sha: doc_id: 269094 cord_uid: 6aka052v A recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (rTGEV) in which E gene was deleted (rTGEV-ΔE) has been engineered.


id: cord-279346-7del8d2p
author: Callendret, Benoît
date: 2007-07-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10753
sentence: 320
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-279346-7del8d2p.txt
txt: txt/cord-279346-7del8d2p.txt
title:
  Heterologous viral RNA export elements improve expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike protein and protective efficacy of DNA vaccines against SARS

summary:
  In contrast, S protein expression could be detected in Vero E6 cells after transfection of the pCI-S construct (Fig. 1, lane 4) . In all cell lines examined, the impact of WPRE on S protein expression was consistently better than that of CTE, reflecting synergistic effects of this element on cytoplasmic mRNA levels and mRNA translation.


id: cord-296416-q0rsfzgw
author: LAVI, EHUD
date: 1996-07-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4779
sentence: 183
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-296416-q0rsfzgw.txt
txt: txt/cord-296416-q0rsfzgw.txt
title:
  Syncytia Formation Induced by Coronavirus Infection Is Associated with Fragmentation and Rearrangement of the Golgi Apparatus

summary:
  However, when the BFA treatment began 12 hr or more after viral infection cells had diffuse staining of the GA when observed 8 hr postinfection as did uninfected cells inoculation, there were relatively minimal effects on syncytia formation, and viral titers were 1-2 logs lower as following a similar treatment with BFA. The kinetics of To further investigate the morphologic aspects of the the microtubule changes after infection with MHV-A59 fragmented GA in syncytia of L2 cells infected with MHVwas depicted by immunofluorescence on L-2 cells A59, an electron microscopic examination was perafter infection with MHV-A59 (m.o.i. Å 1 PFU/cell) and formed in cells 24 hr after infection and at a multiplicity after staining with anti-tubulin antibodies and FITCof infection (m.o.i.) of 1 plaque forming unit per cell.


id: cord-296364-7rp60d2m
author: Youn, Soonjeon
date: 2005-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5114
sentence: 205
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-296364-7rp60d2m.txt
txt: txt/cord-296364-7rp60d2m.txt
title:
  In vitro assembled, recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses demonstrate that the 5a open reading frame is not essential for replication

summary:
  The transcripts from the full-length cDNA (along with the N transcript alone), total cellular RNA from IBV infected Vero cells (positive control), and PBS (negative control) were electroporated into non-permissive BHK-21 cells, which were then cultured with Vero cells. The entire IBV N ORF, including the 3V UTR, was amplified by RT-PCR from total cellular RNA extracted from IBV infected Vero cells, and the RT-PCR product was cloned into a transcription vector, pGEM-3Zf(+) (Promega, Madison, WI).


id: cord-287777-ogs4mq0v
author: Lindner, Holger A.
title: Deubiquitination in virus infection
date: 2007-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8919
sentence: 267
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-287777-ogs4mq0v.txt
txt: txt/cord-287777-ogs4mq0v.txt
summary:
  Moreover, ND10 have been proposed to present passageways for proteins, including viral proteins that are destined for proteasomal degradation in the proximity of ND10 (Bailey and O'Hare, 2005; Hay, 2005) . In this light, it is tempting to speculate that deubiquitination by adenain safeguards the delivery of viral proteins to nascent capsids by protecting them from proteasomal degradation at close-by aggresomes, much as cellular USP7 is thought to stabilize ICP0 of HSV-1 (Boutell et al., 2005) .


id: cord-298934-vtrfqozl
author: Makino, Shinji
title: Primary structure and translation of a defective interfering rna of murine coronavirus
date: 1988-10-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5194
sentence: 213
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-298934-vtrfqozl.txt
txt: txt/cord-298934-vtrfqozl.txt
summary:
  These data suggest that MHV DI RNA may have been generated as a result of the discontinuous and nonprocessive manner of MHV RNA synthesis. Therefore, the DlssE sequence likely contains essential recognition signals for MHV RNA replication.


id: cord-275403-g4rohhtt
author: Bautista, Elida M.
date: 2002-07-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7486
sentence: 263
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-275403-g4rohhtt.txt
txt: txt/cord-275403-g4rohhtt.txt
title:
  Functional Properties of the Predicted Helicase of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

summary:
  Kinetic analysis of recombinant helicase ATPase activity revealed dependence on time (Fig. 6A ) and substrate concentration (Fig. 6B) . Coronavirus genome: Prediction of putative functional domains in the non-structural polyprotein by comparative amino acid sequence analysis RNAstimulated ATPase and RNA helicase activities and RNA binding domain of hepatitis G virus nonstructural protein 3 Characterization of coronavirus RNA polymerase gene products Identification of an ATPase activity associated with a 71-kilodalton polypeptide encoded in gene 1 of the human coronavirus 229E Isolation and genome characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in P.R ATPase, GTPase, and RNA binding activities associated with the 206-kilodalton protein of turnip yellow mosaic virus Virus-encoded RNA helicases Enhanced replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (Prrs) virus in a homogeneous subpopulation of Ma-104 cell line The serine protease and RNA-stimulated nucleoside triphosphatase and RNA helicase functional domains of dengue virus type 2 NS3 converge within a region of 20 amino acids Firefly and bacterial luminescence: Basic science and applications Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV Infectious transcripts from cloned genome-length cDNA of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Analyzing Data with GraphPad Prism Nucleoside triphosphate specificity of firefly luciferase Comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad virus strains of the PRRS virus Genetic variation in the PRRS virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: Divergent evolution on two continents Analysis of ORF 1 in European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by long RT-PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis Lactate dehydrogenaseelevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus: A new group of positive-strand RNA viruses A steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of the NTPase activity associated with the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase domain ATPase and GTPase activities associated with Semliki Forest virus nonstructural protein nsP2 Molecular Cloning.


id: cord-281309-c9y7m5do
author: Guo, Baoqing
date: 2013-01-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7974
sentence: 233
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-281309-c9y7m5do.txt
txt: txt/cord-281309-c9y7m5do.txt
title:
  Experimental infection of United States swine with a Chinese highly pathogenic strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

summary:
  Mean interstitial pneumonia lesions were 3.33, 3.75, and 2.00 for Chinese PRRSV challenge group (Group 2), contact Chinese PRRSV pigs (Group 3) and VR-2332 challenge (Group 4), respectively (Fig. 3B ). Lesions were significantly (P¼0.0002) more severe in the Chinese PRRSV challenge group (Group 2) and contact Chinese PRRSV pigs (Group 3) as compared to the VR-2332 challenge (Group 4).


id: cord-283035-tpqf458q
author: Thanthrige-Don, Niroshan
title: Analyses of the spleen proteome of chickens infected with Marek's disease virus
date: 2009-08-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7910
sentence: 273
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-283035-tpqf458q.txt
txt: txt/cord-283035-tpqf458q.txt
summary:
  Arrows with accompanying spot numbers show successfully identified protein spots that were uniquely expressed (qualitative differences) in each group at corresponding time point. Comparison of total numbers of significantly differentially expressed protein spots in MDV-infected spleens at various sampling time points.


id: cord-310218-fky0cm5e
author: Yoo, Dongwan
date: 1991-01-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2390
sentence: 93
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-310218-fky0cm5e.txt
txt: txt/cord-310218-fky0cm5e.txt
title:
  The S2 subunit of the spike glycoprotein of bovine coronavirus mediates membrane fusion in insect cells

summary:
  Thus, in order to identify the viral membrane glycoprotein which induces cell fusion by BCV, we expressed the HE, the S, and the Sl and S2 subunits of the S glycoprotein using recombinant baculoviruses, and examined the cell-fusing activity of each recombinant polypeptide. In order to determine if any of the recombinant polypeptides were capable of inducing cell fusion, Sf9 cells were infected with the recombinant baculoviruses at an m.o.i. of 5-l 0 PFU per cell and incubated at 28 in TNM-FH media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (22) .


id: cord-300810-a1skdp67
author: Lafay, F.
date: 1991-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5739
sentence: 237
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-300810-a1skdp67.txt
txt: txt/cord-300810-a1skdp67.txt
title:
  Spread of the CVS strain of rabies virus and of the avirulent mutant AvO1 along the olfactory pathways of the mouse after intranasal inoculation

summary:
  Infection of the central nervous system and centrifugal spread of virus to peripheral tissues Two anatomically specific classes of candidate cholinoceptive neurons in the rat olfactory bulb The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates Spread of a neurotropit murine coronavirus into the CNS via the trigeminal and olfactory nerves Antigenic site II of the rabies glycoproteln: Structure and role in viral virulence Laminar distributions of interneurons in the main olfactory bulb of adult hamster Rabies virus virulence: Effect on pathogenicity and sequence characterization of mutations affecting antigenic site Ill of the glycoprotein Transport of molecules from nose to brain: Transneuronal anterograde and retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium Surprisingly rich projection from locus coeruleus to the olfactory bulb in the rat Olfactory system An in viva and in vitro study of rabies virus infection of the rat superior cervical ganglia Arginine or lysine in position 333 of ERA and CVS glycoprotein is necessary for rabies virulence in adult mice The role of protetns in vesicular stomatitis virus replication. The ratio between infected cells and PFU is the same for both viruses and the infected cells were found in the same epithelial areas (data not shown).


id: cord-299976-36r794ow
author: O’Brien, Amornrat
date: 2018-12-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6082
sentence: 180
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-299976-36r794ow.txt
txt: txt/cord-299976-36r794ow.txt
title:
  Characterizing replication kinetics and plaque production of type I feline infectious peritonitis virus in three feline cell lines

summary:
  We show that Fcwf-4 CU cells are less responsive to exogenous type I interferon than Fcwf-4 cells from the ATCC and are permissive to infection by both biotypes of type II FCoV. To facilitate Cell-free titer was determined from cell-clarified supernatants; cell-associated titer was determined from suspended cell monolayers following three freeze-thaw cycles alternating between −80°C and 37 o C. Samples were taken at hours post-infection (hpi) just prior to, at, and following the maximum (max) virus titer for each cell type. Type I FIPV Black and both biotypes of type II FCoV formed uniform and enumerable plaques on Fcwf-4 CU cells.


id: cord-302972-imtttzvr
author: Feldmann, H.
title: Glycosylation and oligomerization of the spike protein of marburg virus
date: 1991-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1929
sentence: 85
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-302972-imtttzvr.txt
txt: txt/cord-302972-imtttzvr.txt
summary:
  The observation that Marburg virus GP is recognized by PNA after incubation with endoglycosidase F or N-glycopeptidase F provides further support for the presence of 0-glycans. These are, on the one hand, the El glycoprotein of bovine and murine coronaviruses that contain only Oglycans (8-10) and, on the other hand, herpes virus glycoproteins (1 l-l 3), vaccinia virus hemagglutinin (14), and the G-protein of respiratorysyncytial virus (15, 16) that contain both N-and O-linked side chains, like Marburg virus GP.


id: cord-287620-vuvgi8xx
author: Butler, Noah
date: 2006-04-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6688
sentence: 243
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-287620-vuvgi8xx.txt
txt: txt/cord-287620-vuvgi8xx.txt
title:
  Murine encephalitis caused by HCoV-OC43, a human coronavirus with broad species specificity, is partly immune-mediated

summary:
  Propagation of the Kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus in suckling mice, rats and hamsters Susceptibility of laboratory mice to intranasal and contact infection with coronaviruses of other species Inverted immunodominance and impaired cytolytic function of CD8+T cells during viral persistence in the central nervous system Interferon-gamma-mediated site-specific clearance of alphavirus from CNS neurons Binding of Sindbis virus to cell surface heparan sulfate Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China HLA class I antigen serves as a receptor for human coronavirus OC43 Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Coronavirus spike proteins in viral entry and pathogenesis Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China High-magnitude, virus-specific CD4 T-cell response in the central nervous system of coronavirus-infected mice Susceptibility of murine CNS to OC43 infection Vacuolating encephalitis in mice infected by human coronavirus OC43 CD209L (L-SIGN) is a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Neuronal cells are deficient in loading peptides onto MHC class I molecules Molecular evolution analysis and geographic investigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in palm civets at an animal market and on farms Adaptation of Sindbis virus to BHK cells selects for use of heparan sulfate as an attachment receptor Bovine coronavirus hemagglutinin protein Structural and functional analysis of the surface protein of human coronavirus OC43 Structural and functional analysis of the S proteins of two human coronavirus OC43 strains adapted to growth in different cells Development of a transgenic mouse model susceptible to human coronavirus 229E Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2 DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR interact with the glycoprotein of Marburg virus and the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Growth in suckling-mouse brain of ''IBV-like'' viruses from patients with upper respiratory tract disease MHC class I-restricted killing of neurons by virusspecific CD8+T lymphocytes is effected through the Fas/FasL, but not the perforin pathway Molecular characterization of the S protein gene of human coronavirus OC43 Induction of MHC class I genes in neurons Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene expression in single neurons of the central nervous system: differential regulation by interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha Severe acute respiratory syndrome Spread of a neurotropic murine coronavirus into the CNS via the trigeminal and olfactory nerves Effect of olfactory bulb ablation on spread of a neurotropic coronavirus into the mouse brain CD4 T-cell-mediated demyelination is increased in the absence of gamma interferon in mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus A severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus-specific protein enhances virulence of an attenuated murine coronavirus Pathogenesis of chimeric MHV4/MHV-A59 recombinant viruses: the murine coronavirus spike protein is a major determinant of neurovirulence Heparan sulfate mediates infection of highneurovirulence Theiler's viruses Identification of spike protein residues of murine coronavirus responsible for receptor-binding activity by use of soluble receptor-resistant mutants Bovine coronavirus uses N-acetyl-9-Oacetylneuraminic acid as a receptor determinant to initiate the infection of cultured cells Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human Proteolytic cleavage of the murine coronavirus surface glycoprotein is not required for fusion activity Human respiratory coronavirus OC43: genetic stability and neuroinvasion CTL effector function within the central nervous system requires CD4+T Cells Fusion formation by the uncleaved spike protein of murine coronavirus JHMV variant cl-2 Characterization of a variant virus selected in rat brains after infection by coronavirus MHV JHM Diversity of coronavirus spikes: relationship to pathogen entry and dissemination Amino acid substitutions within the heptad repeat domain 1 of murine coronavirus spike protein restrict viral antigen spread in the central nervous system An outbreak of coronavirus OC43 respiratory infection in Normandy, France Identification of a new human coronavirus Circulation of genetically distinct contemporary human coronavirus OC43 strains Complete genomic sequence of human coronavirus OC43: molecular clock analysis suggests a relatively recent zoonotic coronavirus transmission event Human and bovine coronaviruses recognize sialic acid-containing receptors similar to those of influenza C viruses Cells of human aminopeptidase N (CD13) transgenic mice are infected by human coronavirus-229E in vitro, but not in vivo Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia CD4 and CD8 T cells have redundant but not identical roles in virus-induced demyelination The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein: expression and functional characterization Comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the S genes specified by virulent and avirulent strains of bovine coronaviruses Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.virol.2005.11.044. The neurovirulent strain also exhibited a wide host range specificity, infecting hamster, pig, human, monkey, cat and mouse cells.


id: cord-300884-rqfxe0x1
author: Zhang, Jianqiang
title: Genomic characterization of equine coronavirus
date: 2007-12-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6808
sentence: 236
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-300884-rqfxe0x1.txt
txt: txt/cord-300884-rqfxe0x1.txt
summary:
  Improved tools for biological sequence comparison Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Identification of a novel coronavirus in bats ADPribose-1ʺ-monophosphatase: a conserved coronavirus enzyme that is dispensable for viral replication in tissue culture Identification of protease and ADP-ribose 1ʺ-monophosphatase activities associated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus non-structural protein 3 Stem-loop IV in the 5′ untranslated region is a cis-acting element in bovine coronavirus defective interfering RNA replication Stem-loop III in the 5′ untranslated region is a cis-acting element in bovine coronavirus defective interfering RNA replication Full-length genome sequences of two SARS-like coronaviruses in horseshoe bats and genetic variation analysis A contemporary view of coronavirus transcription Improving the accuracy of PSI-BLAST protein database searches with composition-based statistics and other refinements Selective replication of coronavirus genomes that express nucleocapsid protein Murine coronavirus nonstructural protein ns2 is not essential for virus replication in transformed cells The human coronavirus 229E superfamily 1 helicase has RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5′-to-3′ polarity A complex zinc finger controls the enzymatic activities of nidovirus helicases Comparison of the genome organization of toro-and coronaviruses: evidence for two nonhomologous RNA recombination events during Berne virus evolution Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage A hidden Markov model for predicting transmembrane helices in protein sequences Single-amino-acid substitutions in open reading frame (ORF) 1b-nsp14 and ORF 2a proteins of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus are attenuating in mice The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus NTPase/helicase belongs to a distinct class of 5′ to 3′ viral helicases On the basis of antigenic and genetic analyses, coronaviruses are divided into three groups (Gonzalez et al., 2003; Gorbalenya et al., 2004; Snijder et al., 2003) .


id: cord-296075-8axbkyyz
author: Castro, Raymond F.
date: 1996-08-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1740
sentence: 66
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-296075-8axbkyyz.txt
txt: txt/cord-296075-8axbkyyz.txt
title:
  Differential Antigen Recognition by T Cells from the Spleen and Central Nervous System of Coronavirus-Infected Mice

summary:
  To determine whether these results represent a difference in epitope recognition between the spleen and CNS, secondary CTL assays were performed using spleen cells coated with peptides encompassing the CTL epitopes as stimulators. when spleen cells were analyzed in CTL assays after Both CD4 / and CD8 / T cells are required for virus secondary stimulation in vitro with MHV-infected spleen clearance (23-25).


id: cord-298847-szezd2vb
author: Jacomy, Hélène
title: Vacuolating encephalitis in mice infected by human coronavirus OC43
date: 2003-10-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6907
sentence: 244
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-298847-szezd2vb.txt
txt: txt/cord-298847-szezd2vb.txt
summary:
  Although the etiology of most neuroautoimmune, neuroinflammatory, and/or neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear, virus infections could directly trigger neurodegeneration or initiate a CNS-directed inflammatory process leading to central nervous system (CNS) damage, or a combination of both. Histochemical labeling of viral distribution at different times after infection revealed that virus infection initiated by ic inoculation was quickly disseminated throughout the CNS.


id: cord-290883-r2744fb3
author: TORRES, JUAN M.
date: 1995-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7346
sentence: 261
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-290883-r2744fb3.txt
txt: txt/cord-290883-r2744fb3.txt
title:
  Induction of Antibodies Protecting against Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus (TGEV) by Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing TGEV Spike Protein

summary:
  When immunofluorescence was performed with a human Ad5-specific MAb (which binds 72K protein) bright fluorescence was observed on discrete though amino acids 380 to 387 of S protein site D are areas of the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm (results coded by recombinant Ad-TS5, this site was poorly recnot shown), in contrast to the cytoplasmic fluorescence ognized by MAb 1D.G3 specific for D site on Ad-TS5observed with TGEV-specific MAbs. Neutralization of nant Ad5 viruses expressing TGEV S gene fragments TGEV was performed by incubating serial 10-fold dilu-(Ad-TS) is summarized in Fig.


id: cord-312210-3x9s3g8n
author: Stoian, Ana
date: 2019-12-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3454
sentence: 144
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-312210-3x9s3g8n.txt
txt: txt/cord-312210-3x9s3g8n.txt
title:
  The use of cells from ANPEP knockout pigs to evaluate the role of aminopeptidase N (APN) as a receptor for porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV)

summary:
  Together, the RT-PCR and serological results showed that ANPEP KO pigs are not resistant to infection with PDCoV. The results from this study showed no PDCoV infection of PAMs obtained from ANPEP KO pigs (see Fig. 1A ), which supports the observations of Wang et al. Porcine alveolar macrophages from ANPEP KO pigs were resistant to PDCoV and TGEV.


id: cord-293635-36pmai6s
author: Held, Katherine S.
title: Differential roles of CCL2 and CCR2 in host defense to coronavirus infection
date: 2004-11-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6739
sentence: 192
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-293635-36pmai6s.txt
txt: txt/cord-293635-36pmai6s.txt
summary:
  Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4 + T cells compared Chemokines and disease Functional expression of chemokine receptor CCR5 on CD4(+) T cells during virus-induced central nervous system disease Functional analysis of the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on virus-specific CD8 + T cells following Coronavirus infection of the central nervous system Reduced macrophage infiltration and demyelination in mice lacking the chemokine receptor CCR5 following infection with a neurotropic Coronavirus MCP-1 deficiency reduces susceptibility to atherosclerosis in mice that overexpress human apolipoprotein B In vivo properties of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 Control of T H 2 polarization by the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 Utility of mouse cell line DBT for propagation and assay of mouse hepatitis virus Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 synthesis by murine lung fibroblasts modulates CD4 + T cell activation MIP-1a and MCP-1 differentially regulate acute and relapsing autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as Th1/Th2 lymphocyte differentiation Severe reduction in leukocyte adhesion and monocyte extravasation in mice deficient in CC chemokine receptor 2 Murine coronavirus infection: a paradigm for virus-induced demyelinating disease Dynamic regulation of a-and h-chemokine expression in the central nervous system during mouse hepatitis virusinduced demyelination disease Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-2 reduces the severity of mouse hepatitis virus-induced demyelination: implications for NOS2/NO regulation of chemokine expression and inflammation A central role for CD4 + T cells and RANTES in virus-induced central nervous system inflammation and demyelination Cutting Edge: the T cell chemoattractant IFN-inducible protein 10 is essential in host defense against viral-induced neurologic disease Expression of Mig (Monokine induced by Interferon-g) is important in T lymphocyte recruitment and host defense following viral infection of the central nervous system Abnormalities in monocyte recruitment and cytokine expression in monocyte chemoattractant protein 1-deficient mice Chemokines-Chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation Antichemokine immunotherapy for allergic diseases The role of chemokines in linking innate and adaptive immunity Chemokines and dendritic cells: a crucial alliance The role of MCP-1 (CCL2) and CCR2 in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) Transcription of the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible chemokine Mig in IFN-gamma-deficient mice Direct induction of interferon-gamma-and interferon-alpha/beta-inducible genes by double-stranded RNA IFN-gamma is required for viral clearance from central nervous system oligodendroglia IFN-gamma secreted by virus-specific CD8 + T cells contribute to CNS viral clearance Cytokine induction during T-cell-mediated clearance of mouse hepatitis virus from neurons in vivo A mechanism for the impaired IFN-gamma production in C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) knockout mice: role of CCR2 in linking the innate and adaptive immune responses Chemokine receptor 2 serves an early and essential role in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis CC chemokine receptor (CCR)2 is required for langerhans cell migration and localization of T helper cell type 1 (Th1)-inducing dendritic cells. A 75% (P b 0.005) and 83% (P b 0.003) reduction in CD4 + T cells present within the brain was observed in CCR2 À/À mice when compared to wild-type mice at days 5 and 7 pi, respectively ( Fig. 2A) .


id: cord-291192-wm2eyaam
author: Becares, Martina
title: Antigenic structures stably expressed by recombinant TGEV-derived vectors
date: 2014-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9561
sentence: 337
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-291192-wm2eyaam.txt
txt: txt/cord-291192-wm2eyaam.txt
summary:
  Altogether, these results indicated that expression of PRRSV M protein in rTGEV was fully stable. Expression of small domains of PRRSV GP5 protein using rTGEV PRRSV M protein is a potent inducer of T-cell proliferation in piglets infected with PRRSV, and may also play a role in protection (Bautista et al., 1999; Jeong et al., 2010) .


id: cord-290282-oxyzndsj
author: Ortego, Javier
date: 2003-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4324
sentence: 150
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-290282-oxyzndsj.txt
txt: txt/cord-290282-oxyzndsj.txt
title:
  Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus gene 7 is not essential but influences in vivo virus replication and virulence

summary:
  rTGEV in which gene 7 expression was abrogated (rTGEV-Δ7) were recovered from cDNA constructs, indicating that TGEV gene 7 was a nonessential gene for virus replication. The 3Ј end of the majority of TGEV genes overlaps with the 5Ј terminus of the next gene (Enjuanes et al., 2000b) , complicating insertion of heterologous genes into the viral genome and deletion of different genes to determine whether they are essential.


id: cord-289152-w5ynbewh
author: Lee, Sang-Myeong
title: Porcine arterivirus activates the NF-κB pathway through IκB degradation
date: 2005-11-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8038
sentence: 289
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-289152-w5ynbewh.txt
txt: txt/cord-289152-w5ynbewh.txt
summary:
  Agents in atherosclerosis Role of NF-kappaB and myc proteins in apoptosis induced by hepatitis B virus HBx protein Epstein -Barr virus binding to CD21 activates the initial viral promoter via NF-kappaB induction In vivo detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA by in situ hybridization at different times postinfection Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replicates in testicular germ cells, alters spermatogenesis, and induces germ cell death by apoptosis The interferon-alpha/beta system in antiviral responses: a multimodal machinery of gene regulation by the IRF family of transcription factors Respiratory syncytial virus inhibits apoptosis and induces NF-kappa B activity through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway Proinflammatory cytokines and viral respiratory disease in pigs Differential production of proinflammatory cytokines in the pig lung during different respiratory virus infections: correlations with pathogenicity In vivo studies on cytokine involvement during acute viral respiratory disease of swine: troublesome but rewarding Influenza A virus NS1 protein prevents activation of NF-kappaB and induction of alpha/beta interferon Mitochondrially associated hepatitis B virus X protein constitutively activates transcription factors STAT-3 and NF-kappa B via oxidative stress Hepatitis C virus NS5A and subgenomic replicon activate NF-kappaB via tyrosine phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and its degradation by calpain protease Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enhancer in vivo Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: a persistent infection Duration of infection and proportion of pigs persistently infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus In response to a wide range of stress signals (e.g., lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, and virus infection), the inactive NF-nB-InB complex is dissociated via serine phosphorylation by InB kinase (IKK) and degradation of InB in proteasomes.


id: cord-299994-1ksfo0pr
author: Kanitz, Manuel
date: 2019-05-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8953
sentence: 268
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-299994-1ksfo0pr.txt
txt: txt/cord-299994-1ksfo0pr.txt
title:
  Structural basis for catalysis and substrate specificity of a 3C-like cysteine protease from a mosquito mesonivirus

summary:
  These residues are generally considered valuable targets for the development of broadly acting antiviral drugs (Kuo et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2005; Banerjee et al., 2018; Pillaiyar et al., 2016) . Anand et al., 2002 Anand et al., , 2003 Bergmann et al., 1997; Xue et al., 2008; Yang et al., 2003; Barrette-Ng et al., 2002) .


id: cord-290231-4m9lj0uq
author: Guirakhoo, Farshad
date: 1992-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5752
sentence: 182
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-290231-4m9lj0uq.txt
txt: txt/cord-290231-4m9lj0uq.txt
title:
  The Murray Valley encephalitis virus prM protein confers acid resistance to virus particles and alters the expression of epitopes within the R2 domain of E glycoprotein

summary:
  The reactivity of MAbs defining the epitopes E-4b, E-6, or E-8 with reduced or nonreduced forms of MVE virus E glycoprotein was assessed using goat anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Jackson lmmuno Research, West Grove, PA). By using MAbs specific for MVE virus E glycoprotein in a capture ELISA, we demonstrated that if the processing of prM was interrupted at least three of these epitopes on the E glycoprotein were less accessible on the virus particle.


id: cord-293790-7hyelm88
author: Guévin, Carl
date: 2010-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5285
sentence: 208
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-293790-7hyelm88.txt
txt: txt/cord-293790-7hyelm88.txt
title:
  Autophagy protein ATG5 interacts transiently with the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase (NS5B) early during infection

summary:
  Furthermore, ATG5 protein colocalizes with NS4B, a constituent of the membranous web. To demonstrate a physical interaction between ATG5 and NS5B proteins, we performed co-IP on radio-inert or metabolically labeled yeast cells coexpressing ATG5 and NS5B. We used yeast cells in this study because cotransfection of Huh-7 cells with c-myc-NS5B and HAtagged ATG5 resulted in a low level expression of ATG5 protein.


id: cord-307396-u6v6bxwj
author: Liao, Y.
date: 2006-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6798
sentence: 238
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-307396-u6v6bxwj.txt
txt: txt/cord-307396-u6v6bxwj.txt
title:
  Biochemical and functional characterization of the membrane association and membrane permeabilizing activity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein

summary:
  The membrane association properties of wild type and mutant E proteins were further confirmed by fractionation of HeLa cells expressing E protein into membrane and cytosol fractions, and the presence of E protein in each fraction was analyzed by Western blot. Meanwhile, SARS-CoV N protein was cotransfected into HeLa cell together with wild type and mutant E proteins to aid assessment of the inhibitory effect of protein synthesis by hygromycin B. Expression of wild type and mutant E protein showed that similar levels of inhibition of protein synthesis by hygromycin B were obtained (Fig. 3b ).


id: cord-318400-l9kwxsq7
author: Chhabra, Rajesh
date: 2016-01-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5159
sentence: 166
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-318400-l9kwxsq7.txt
txt: txt/cord-318400-l9kwxsq7.txt
title:
  Pathogenicity and tissue tropism of infectious bronchitis virus is associated with elevated apoptosis and innate immune responses

summary:
  Early cellular and innate immune responses of virus infected cells in vitro could act as useful indicators for predicting the pathological outcome of viral infection in vivo. A variety of viruses have been shown to induce apoptosis in infected host cells (Clarke and Tyler, 2009; Shen and Shenk, 1995; Teodoro and Branton, 1997) .


id: cord-291306-g9qmmugg
author: Vey, Martin
date: 1992-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2441
sentence: 106
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-291306-g9qmmugg.txt
txt: txt/cord-291306-g9qmmugg.txt
title:
  Hemagglutinin activation of pathogenic avian influenza viruses of serotype H7 requires the protease recognition motif R-X-K/R-R

summary:
  To see whether the FPV hemagglutinin mutants were processed by host cell proteases, they were expressed in CV-1 cells using an SV40 vector and analyzed by PAGE after radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation (Fig. 1) . The studies employing site-directed mutagenesis on hemagglutinin cDNA have been extended by an analysis of influenza virus variants with altered hemagglutinin cleavability.


id: cord-309919-sm5o0g1c
author: Eichwald, Catherine
title: Mammalian orthoreovirus core protein μ2 reorganizes host microtubule-organizing center components.
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1174
sentence: 29
flesch: 20
cache: cache/cord-309919-sm5o0g1c.txt
txt: txt/cord-309919-sm5o0g1c.txt
summary:
  In infected cells, the MRV μ2 protein forms punctae in the enlarged region of the filamentous VFs that are co-localized with γ-tubulin and resistant to nocodazole treatment, and permitted microtubule (MT)-extension, features common to MT-organizing centers (MTOCs). Moreover, the MT-nucleation centers significantly increased in numbers, and γ-tubulin was pulled-down in a binding assay when co-expressed with histidine-tagged-μ2 and μNS.


id: cord-319179-gqaxf7mz
author: Denison, M.
title: Identification of putative polymerase gene product in cells infected with murine coronavirus A59
date: 1987-04-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1642
sentence: 66
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-319179-gqaxf7mz.txt
txt: txt/cord-319179-gqaxf7mz.txt
summary:
  p28 was detected in L-2 cells labeled between 5 and 8 hr p.i., the time of maximal viral RNA and protein synthesis, but could not be detected in either uninfected cells or infected cells labeled prior to 5 hr p.i. MHV does not efficiently shut off host cell protein synthesis until very late times after infection, making the analysis of virus-specific proteins difficult.


id: cord-319403-5qyc0wsz
author: Miura, Tanya A.
date: 2007-12-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6627
sentence: 220
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-319403-5qyc0wsz.txt
txt: txt/cord-319403-5qyc0wsz.txt
title:
  Rat coronaviruses infect rat alveolar type I epithelial cells and induce expression of CXC chemokines

summary:
  Type II cells also produce surfactant proteins and lipids, which keep the alveoli expanded and function in innate defense of the lung (Evans et al., 1975; Mason, 2006) . Primary cultures of alveolar epithelial cells are an important model for the early events in viral infection that lead to pulmonary inflammation.


id: cord-322062-nnefbeo6
author: Tam, Albert W.
title: Hepatitis E virus (HEV): Molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome
date: 1991-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5759
sentence: 201
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-322062-nnefbeo6.txt
txt: txt/cord-322062-nnefbeo6.txt
summary:
  With the acquisition of BET-SPl, the composite cDNA map (omitting overlaps) spanned approximately 7.4 kb from the 5' end of BET-SPl to the polyadenylated 3'end of clone BET1 ; in good agreement with the maximum length of HEV RNA as detected on Northern blots. These findings on the genetic organization and expression strategy of HEV suggest that it is the prototype human pathogen for a new class of RNA virus or perhaps a separate genus within the Caliciviridae family Viral hepatitis results from infection with one of at least four very different viral agents.


id: cord-307354-dkwcheu0
author: Abernathy, Emma
title: Emerging roles for RNA degradation in viral replication and antiviral defense
date: 2015-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7171
sentence: 224
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-307354-dkwcheu0.txt
txt: txt/cord-307354-dkwcheu0.txt
summary:
  (A) Viral RNA of ( Ã¾ ) RNA viruses can be recognized by cellular QC pathways like NMD, in some cases due to long 3 0 UTRs which are inherent to subgenomic RNAs (sgRNA). In addition, several antiviral pathways use RNA degradation as a viral restriction mechanism, and we will summarize new findings related to how these host-encoded ribonucleases target and destroy viral RNA.


id: cord-294990-jdjbjkcp
author: Thuy, Nguyen Thanh
date: 2013-07-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3321
sentence: 109
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-294990-jdjbjkcp.txt
txt: txt/cord-294990-jdjbjkcp.txt
title:
  A new nidovirus (NamDinh virus NDiV): Its ultrastructural characterization in the C6/36 mosquito cell line

summary:
  In contrast to members of the Coronaviridae family such as SARS-CoV, NDiV particles are formed on membranes of the budding compartment, a term used to describe the continuous membranous system from the ER to the Golgi complex. Viral particles were released 48 h post-infection via budding at the surface of the plasma membrane.


id: cord-288669-46tkedw7
author: Lee, Changhee
date: 2006-11-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9372
sentence: 332
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-288669-46tkedw7.txt
txt: txt/cord-288669-46tkedw7.txt
title:
  The small envelope protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus possesses ion channel protein-like properties

summary:
  The results demonstrate that E protein expression is required for PRRSV infectivity, but genome replication and transcription may occur without E protein. As a first step towards understanding the biological role of E protein during PRRSV replication, E gene expression was blocked in a full-length infectious clone by mutating the ATG translational initiation to GTG, such that the full-length mutant genomic clone was unable to synthesize the E protein.


id: cord-292751-tk1oggi9
author: Hosseini, Elahe Seyed
date: 2020-09-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3817
sentence: 170
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt
txt: txt/cord-292751-tk1oggi9.txt
title:
  The novel coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): Mechanism of action, detection and recent therapeutic strategies

summary:
  The Lancet infectious diseases Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): statistical analysis plan for a recursive two-stage group sequential randomized controlled trial New Nucleoside Analogues for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections Comparative effectiveness of combined favipiravir and oseltamivir therapy versus oseltamivir monotherapy in critically ill patients with influenza virus infection The Novel Chinese Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infections: challenges for fighting the storm Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys Initiation, extension, and termination of RNA synthesis by a paramyxovirus polymerase Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). MedRxiv Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis Sex-based differences in susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Sexual dimorphism in innate immunity An ultrasensitive, rapid, and portable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 sequence detection method based on CRISPR-Cas12.


id: cord-293248-8vtd9e4n
author: Day, J. Michael
title: Determination and analysis of the full-length chicken parvovirus genome
date: 2010-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3048
sentence: 89
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-293248-8vtd9e4n.txt
txt: txt/cord-293248-8vtd9e4n.txt
summary:
  ClustalW was used to align the complete ChPV genome coding region with complete parvovirus sequences from mammals and birds available in the databases, and with two recently sequenced TuPV genome coding regions. The overall genomic organization of ChPV ABU-P1 is similar to other parvoviruses, with two major predicted open reading frames (ORFs).


id: cord-317537-wgu5cd0y
author: Lu, Hsiang-Chia
date: 2009-05-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8201
sentence: 301
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-317537-wgu5cd0y.txt
txt: txt/cord-317537-wgu5cd0y.txt
title:
  Cymbidium mosaic potexvirus isolate-dependent host movement systems reveal two movement control determinants and the coat protein is the dominant

summary:
  Our data indicated that CymMV M1 CP has a higher binding affinity as compared to CymMV M2 CP (Fig. 7D, lanes 1-4) . The amino acids within the CP, TGBp1 and TGBp3 which are required or important for CymMV M2 movement in N. benthamiana plants were mapped.


id: cord-297712-yy4g5npi
author: Zhu, Xinyu
title: Porcine deltacoronavirus nsp5 inhibits interferon-β production through the cleavage of NEMO
date: 2016-12-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3297
sentence: 99
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-297712-yy4g5npi.txt
txt: txt/cord-297712-yy4g5npi.txt
summary:
  Due to the indispensable role of PDCoV nsp5 protease activity in IFN-β antagonism, we speculated that PDCoV nsp5 cleaved NEMO or an upstream molecule to impair type I IFN signaling. The WT or mutated NEMO proteins were co-transfected into HEK-293T cells with PDCoV nsp5.


id: cord-321162-pgd34ewv
author: Holmes, Kathryn V.
date: 1981-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4836
sentence: 187
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-321162-pgd34ewv.txt
txt: txt/cord-321162-pgd34ewv.txt
title:
  Tunicamycin resistant glycosylation of a coronavirus glycoprotein: Demonstration of a novel type of viral glycoprotein

summary:
  The coronavirus envelope envelope glycoprotein E1 appears to be a novel type of viral glycoprotein which is post-translationally glycosylated by a tunicamycin-resistant process that yields oligosaccharide side chains different from those of N-linked glycoproteins. Further detailed study may reveal some O-linked oligosaccharides on viral glycoproteins now believed to contain only N-linked oligosaccharides.


id: cord-315069-xo4mbxei
author: Knorr, D. A.
date: 1991-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5142
sentence: 175
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-315069-xo4mbxei.txt
txt: txt/cord-315069-xo4mbxei.txt
title:
  De novo generation of defective interfering RNAs of tomato bushy stunt virus by high multiplicity passage

summary:
  Comparisons of nucleotide sequences of 10 cDNA clones from 2 DI RNA populations and with a previously characterized TBSV DI RNA revealed the same four regions of sequence from the TBSV genome were strictly conserved in each of the DI RNAs: the virus 5′ leader sequence of 168 bases; a region of approximately 200–250 bases from the viral polymerase gene; approximately 70 bases from the 3′ terminus of the viral pl9 and p22 genes; and approximately 130 bases from the 3′terminal noncoding region. Interestingly, the homogeneous DI RNA inoculum derived from cloned cDNAs (Fig. 4 , lane 2) gave rise to a complex pattern of smaller RNA spe- ties in the infected plants, suggesting that DI RNAs may be capable of sequence evolution upon reintroduction into plants.


id: cord-294260-g410mavp
author: Sztuba-Solińska, Joanna
title: Subgenomic messenger RNAs: Mastering regulation of (+)-strand RNA virus life cycle
date: 2011-04-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9542
sentence: 286
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-294260-g410mavp.txt
txt: txt/cord-294260-g410mavp.txt
summary:
  The arrow on (−) G RNA diagram indicates the initiation site and the direction of SG RNA synthesis. It was also shown that mutations disrupting the U-turn motif of the 5′ UTR stem-loop 2 (SL2) affected SG RNA synthesis, suggesting that SL2 mediates specific interactions with viral and/or cellular proteins involved in the synthesis of SG RNAs (Liu et al., 2007) .


id: cord-301755-fxfsr9bj
author: Wang, F.-I.
date: 1992-02-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5657
sentence: 202
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-301755-fxfsr9bj.txt
txt: txt/cord-301755-fxfsr9bj.txt
title:
  Sequence analysis of the spike protein gene of murine coronavirus variants: Study of genetic sites affecting neuropathogenicity

summary:
  I. viral Analysis of murine coronavirus surface glycoprotein functions by using monoclonal antibodies Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the surface projection glycoprotein of coronavirus MHV-JHM Murine coronaviruses: isolation and characterization of two plaque morphology variants of the JHM neurotropit strain Enhancement of plaque formation and cell fusion of an enteropathogenic coronavirus by trypsin treatment The molecular biology of coronaviruses Proteolytic cleavage of the E2 glycoprotein of murine coronavirus: Activation of cell fusing activity of virions by trypsin and separation of two different 90K cleavage fragments Demyelination induced by murine hepatitis virus JHM strain (MHV-4) is immunologically mediated The peplomer protein E2 of coronavirus JHM as a determinant of neurovirulence: definition of critical epitopes by variant analysis Pathogenesis of demyelination induced by a mouse hepatitis virus (JHM virus). By comparing these results with MHV variants isolated in other laboratories, which had mutations in other sites on the S gene and yet retained the demyelinating ability, we suggest that the ability of JHM viruses to induce demyelination is determined by the interaction of multiple sites on the S gene, rather than the characteristics of a single, unique site.


id: cord-299122-djfj4262
author: Yu, Hua
date: 2007-03-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5484
sentence: 202
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-299122-djfj4262.txt
txt: txt/cord-299122-djfj4262.txt
title:
  Selection of SARS-Coronavirus-specific B cell epitopes by phage peptide library screening and evaluation of the immunological effect of epitope-based peptides on mice()

summary:
  B cell epitopes are defined as regions on the surface of the native antigen that are recognized and bind to B cell receptors or specific antibodies. In addition, S and M proteins were important surface antigens of SARS-CoV confirmed by our results of immunoselection of B cell epitopes.


id: cord-308835-999kewdw
author: Leibowitz, Julian L.
title: The virus-specific intracellular RNA species of two murine coronaviruses: MHV-A59 and MHV-JHM
date: 1981-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6470
sentence: 321
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-308835-999kewdw.txt
txt: txt/cord-308835-999kewdw.txt
summary:
  I. Characterization of biological behavior in vitro and virus specific intracellular RNA of strongly neurotropic JHMV and weakly neurotropic A59V viruses Pathogenic murine coronaviruses. Molar ratios of RNA species were calculated by dividing the counts per minute or weight of paper in each peak by its molecular weights X lop6 and normalizing all values such that the major RNA species, RNA7 (see Results), was set at 100.


id: cord-325423-d212h4bp
author: Carrion, Ricardo
title: A small nonhuman primate model for filovirus-induced disease
date: 2011-11-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4933
sentence: 212
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-325423-d212h4bp.txt
txt: txt/cord-325423-d212h4bp.txt
summary:
  Involvement of fibroblastic reticular cells Ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in Ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/macrophages is a key event Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in primate models: evidence that hemorrhage is not a direct effect of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells Marburg virus Angola infection of rhesus macaques: pathogenesis and treatment with recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector mediates postexposure protection against Sudan Ebola hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates Pneumonitis and multi-organ system disease in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus The ecology of Ebola virus Lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure GB virus B infection of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and associated liver pathology Passive immunization of Ebola virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys with immunoglobulin from hyperimmune horses Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the ML29 reassortant vaccine for Lassa fever in small non-human primates Marmoset models commonly used in biomedical research Plaque assay for Ebola virus Demand for nonhuman primate resources in the age of biodefense Ecologic and geographic distribution of filovirus disease Potential mammalian filovirus reservoirs Nasal and intrathalamic inoculations of primates with Tacaribe virus: protection against Argentine hemorrhagic fever and absence of neurovirulence Pyrosequencing as a method for SNP identification in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) Marburg agent disease: in monkeys Vervet monkey disease. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) as a nonhuman primate model to assess the virulence of eastern equine encephalitis virus strains Attenuated Junin virus infection in Callithrix jacchus Protection of Junin virus-infected marmosets by passive administration of immune serum: association with late neurologic signs Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses A mouse model for evaluation of prophylaxis and therapy of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Development of a GB virus B marmoset model and its validation with a novel series of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients Lassa virus infection in experimentally infected marmosets: liver pathology and immunophenotypic alterations in target tissues A ML29 reassortant virus protects guinea pigs against a distantly related Nigerian strain of Lassa virus and can provide sterilizing immunity Pathogenesis of experimental Ebola virus infection in guinea pigs Pathology of experimental Ebola virus infection in African green monkeys.


id: cord-305564-dj3vj4tk
author: DeDiego, Marta L.
title: PATHOGENICITY OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY CORONAVIRUS DELETION MUTANTS IN hACE-2 TRANSGENIC MICE
date: 2008-07-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6081
sentence: 172
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-305564-dj3vj4tk.txt
txt: txt/cord-305564-dj3vj4tk.txt
summary:
  The nucleoprotein is required for efficient coronavirus genome replication Construction of a SARS-CoV infectious cDNA clone and a replicon to study coronavirus RNA synthesis Open reading frame 8a of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus not only promotes viral replication but also induces apoptosis Infectious bronchitis virus E protein is targeted to the Golgi complex and directs release of virus-like particles The cytoplasmic tail of infectious bronchitis virus E protein directs Golgi targeting The cytoplasmic tails of infectious bronchitis virus E and M proteins mediate their interaction Coronavirus particle assembly: primary structure requirements of the membrane protein The group-specific murine coronavirus genes are not essential, but their deletion, by reverse genetics, is attenuating in the natural host A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that lacks the E gene is attenuated in vitro and in vivo Regulation of IRF-3-dependent innate immunity by the papain-like protease domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Regulation of the interferon system: evidence that Vero cells have a genetic defect in interferon production Vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced disease Encyclopedia of Virology, Third Edition Analysis of constructed E gene mutants of mouse hepatitis virus confirms a pivotal role for E protein in coronavirus assembly Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane Discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-PCR Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Live, attenuated coronavirus vaccines through the directed deletion of group-specific genes provide protection against feline infectious peritonitis Susceptibility of different eukaryotic cell lines to SARS-coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 7a accessory protein is a viral structural protein Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus accessory protein 6 is a virion-associated protein and is released from 6 proteinexpressing cells Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3a protein is a viral structural protein Human coronavirus Interestingly, viruses lacking gene E are attenuated and do not grow in the central nervous system of hACE2 Tg mice, whereas virus lacking genes 6 to 9b, which is not significantly attenuated, grows in the brains of infected mice as well as wt virus.


id: cord-302486-z36hcvrx
author: Cobo, Fernando
title: Diagnostic approaches for viruses and prions in stem cell banks
date: 2006-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7277
sentence: 241
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-302486-z36hcvrx.txt
txt: txt/cord-302486-z36hcvrx.txt
summary:
  However, viral contamination of cell cultures and feeder cells, which is a common risk in all biotechnological products derived from the cell lines, is the most challenging and potentially serious outcome to address, due to the difficulty involved in virus detection and the potential to cause serious disease in recipients of these cell products (Cobo et al., 2005) . Viral and prion contamination of cell cultures and “feeder” cells, which is a common risk in all biotechnological products derived from the cell lines, is the most challenging and potentially serious outcome to address, due to the difficulty involved in virus and prion detection and the potential to cause serious disease in recipients of these cell products.


id: cord-320590-irybhp4j
author: Wang, Zhitao
date: 2019-08-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7683
sentence: 245
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-320590-irybhp4j.txt
txt: txt/cord-320590-irybhp4j.txt
title:
  Host Src controls gallid alpha herpesvirus 1 intercellular spread in a cellular fatty acid metabolism-dependent manner

summary:
  We found that activation of host Src upon ILTV infection raises the threshold of host cells for ILTV infection-induced cell death, thus maintaining the survival of infected cells and ensuring a high level of viral replication. Many viruses have been shown to induce fatty acid synthesis in host cells, which provides a stable carbon source and sufficient energy for viral replication, viral spread and even the prolonged survival of infected cells (Rodríguez-Sánchez and Munger, 2019; Sanchez and Lagunoff, 2015;


id: cord-300470-vgd1ol2z
author: Conradie, Andelé M.
date: 2016-09-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7966
sentence: 240
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-300470-vgd1ol2z.txt
txt: txt/cord-300470-vgd1ol2z.txt
title:
  Establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of African horse sickness virus

summary:
  During the development of reverse genetics systems for different RNA viruses, instability of cloned cDNA sequences in Escherichia coli have been reported for coronaviruses (Casais et . key: cord-300470-vgd1ol2z authors: Conradie, Andelé M.; Stassen, Liesel; Huismans, Henk; Potgieter, Christiaan A.; Theron, Jacques title: Establishment of different plasmid only-based reverse genetics systems for the recovery of African horse sickness virus date: 2016-09-19 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.010 sha: doc_id: 300470 cord_uid: vgd1ol2z In an effort to simplify and expand the utility of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) reverse genetics, different plasmid-based reverse genetics systems were developed.


id: cord-326688-a1djgqpa
author: Dubois-Dalcq, Monique E.
title: Cell tropism and expression of mouse hepatitis viruses (MHV) in mouse spinal cord cultures
date: 1982-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3970
sentence: 174
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-326688-a1djgqpa.txt
txt: txt/cord-326688-a1djgqpa.txt
summary:
  Infected NN cells synthesize E1 and E2, and contain large inclusions but few mature virions, even at permissive temperatures. Infected NN cells become loaded with intracytoplasmic virions which are secreted from the cells.


id: cord-301293-jqy7lcbk
author: Gupta, Vandana
date: 2006-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7679
sentence: 187
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-301293-jqy7lcbk.txt
txt: txt/cord-301293-jqy7lcbk.txt
title:
  SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid immunodominant T-cell epitope cluster is common to both exogenous recombinant and endogenous DNA-encoded immunogens

summary:
  The pronounced Th-2 and humoral response to N protein plus adjuvant are in contrast to the balanced IFN-γ and IL-4 responses and strong memory CTL responses to the LAMP-N chimera. N protein was purified from lysates of infected High5 cells using Ni-NTA agarose beads (Invitrogen), and the protein preparation was verified by Western blot analysis with mouse monoclonal Penta-His-antibody (Qiagen, GmBH) and anti-N (Imgenex) antibodies.


id: cord-309469-2naxn580
author: An, Hongliu
date: 2019-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3609
sentence: 123
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-309469-2naxn580.txt
txt: txt/cord-309469-2naxn580.txt
title:
  Identification and formation mechanism of a novel noncoding RNA produced by avian infectious bronchitis virus

summary:
  Noncoding RNAs of plant viruses and viroids: sponges of host translation and RNA interference machinery Noncoding RNAs of plant viruses and viroids: sponges of host translation and RNA interference machinery A noncoding RNA produced by arthropod-borne flaviviruses inhibits the cellular exoribonuclease XRN1 and alters host mRNA stability A highly structured, nuclease-resistant, noncoding RNA produced by flaviviruses is required for pathogenicity RNA of low molecular weight in KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2 A contemporary view of coronavirus transcription Noncoding flavivirus RNA displays RNA interference suppressor activity in insect and Mammalian cells West Nile virus noncoding subgenomic RNA contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon-mediated antiviral response Towards construction of viral vectors based on avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus for gene delivery and vaccine development EBV noncoding RNAs Role of nucleotides immediately flanking the transcription-regulating sequence core in coronavirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis Noncoding RNPs of viral origin Decoding human cytomegalovirus Polyadenylylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Parvovirus expresses a small noncoding RNA that plays an essential role in virus replication Dissection of the adenoviral VA RNAI central domain structure reveals minimum requirements for RNA mediated inhibition of PKR Identification of a noncanonical signal for transcription of a novel subgenomic mRNA of mouse hepatitis virus: implication for the mechanism of coronavirus RNA transcription Characterization of ribonucleoprotein complexes containing an abundant polyadenylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) Sequence motifs involved in the regulation of discontinuous coronavirus subgenomic RNA synthesis This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31572490) and the Department of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial People's Government, China (No. 2013BHE020) For example, subgenomic RNA (sfRNA) produced by Flaviviruses, such as Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus [reviewed in (Bidet and Garcia-Blanco, 2014; Roby et al., 2014; Pijlman et al., 2008; Akiyama et al., 2016) , and subgenomic ncRNA generated by some plant viruses such as Barley yellow dwarf virus and Red clover necrotic mosaic virus using similar mechanism (Miller et al., 2016a) .


id: cord-311255-zaa8i9vh
author: Kim, Youngnam
date: 2014-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8058
sentence: 280
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-311255-zaa8i9vh.txt
txt: txt/cord-311255-zaa8i9vh.txt
title:
  Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus induces caspase-independent apoptosis through activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor

summary:
  311255 cord_uid: zaa8i9vh Abstract The present study sought to investigate whether porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) induces apoptosis and to elucidate the mechanisms associated with apoptotic cell death after PEDV infection. At present, it is unknown whether PEDV triggers apoptotic cell death, and if so, whether virusinduced apoptosis aids or worsens viral replication and pathogenicity.


id: cord-311774-fhdvcvi0
author: O'Donnell, Vivian
title: Foot-and-mouth disease virus utilizes an autophagic pathway during viral replication
date: 2011-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5942
sentence: 194
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-311774-fhdvcvi0.txt
txt: txt/cord-311774-fhdvcvi0.txt
summary:
  In this study, we analyzed the role of autophagy during FMDV replication by using confocal microscopy to monitor the co-localization of specific autophagosome-associated proteins and viral proteins in infected cells. Well characterized autophagy modulators were used to assess the role of autophagy during FMDV replication in infected cells.


id: cord-289045-vft163v0
author: Thackray, Larissa B.
date: 2005-03-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7812
sentence: 216
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-289045-vft163v0.txt
txt: txt/cord-289045-vft163v0.txt
title:
  Substitutions of conserved amino acids in the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein affect utilization of murine CEACAM1a by the murine coronavirus MHV-A59

summary:
  During TRR, feline Fcwf cells infected with fMHV and transfected with mutant MHV-A59 RNAs may generate virions whose envelopes contain both chimeric fMHV S proteins and mutant MHV-A59 S proteins due to phenotypic mixing. The side chain of an isoleucine at residue 41 (I41) projects upwards away from the membrane and was predicted to play an important role in mCEACAM1a recognition by MHV S proteins.


id: cord-316460-ibprgdh4
author: Rodríguez-Grille, Javier
date: 2014-06-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7516
sentence: 242
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-316460-ibprgdh4.txt
txt: txt/cord-316460-ibprgdh4.txt
title:
  Avian reovirus-triggered apoptosis enhances both virus spread and the processing of the viral nonstructural muNS protein

summary:
  The results presented so far indicate both that muNS cleavage is catalyzed by a caspase and that caspase 3 and/or caspase 7 are activated in ARV infected cells. Furthermore, the fact that viral core protein lambdaA and the non-structural protein sigmaNS redistribute to inclusions when individually co-expressed with muNS in transfected cells suggests that muNS is able to recruit these proteins to viral factories of infected cells (Touris-Otero et al., 2004a) . Similar to many other viruses, ARVs induce apoptotic cell death of infected cells, and the activation of the intracellular apoptotic program takes place during an early stage of the ARV life cycle (Labrada et al., 2002) .


id: cord-303238-us3dybue
author: Kanjanahaluethai, Amornrat
title: Membrane Topology of Murine Coronavirus Replicase Nonstructural Protein 3
date: 2007-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4847
sentence: 168
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-303238-us3dybue.txt
txt: txt/cord-303238-us3dybue.txt
summary:
  The papain-like protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has deubiquitinating activity Phase separation of integral membrane proteins in Triton X-114 solution An amino-terminal amphipathic alpha-helix mediates membrane association of the hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A Coronavirus genome structure and replication An efficient ribosomal frame-shifting signal in the polymerase-encoding region of the coronavirus IBV Eukaryotic transientexpression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase Murine coronavirus membrane fusion is blocked by modification of thiols buried within the spike protein RNA replication of mouse hepatitis virus takes place at double-membrane vesicles Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase products and characterization of papain-like protease activity Intracellular functions of N-linked glycans The hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 4B is an integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein Identification of mouse hepatitis virus papain-like proteinase 2 activity Identification of the murine coronavirus MP1 cleavage site recognized by papain-like proteinase 2 The complete sequence (22 kilobases) of murine coronavirus gene 1 encoding the putative proteases and RNA polymerase The papain-like protease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a deubiquitinating enzyme Subcellular localization and membrane topology of the dengue virus type 2 non-structural protein 4B Open reading frame 1a-encoded subunits of the arterivirus replicase induce endoplasmic reticulum-derived double-membrane vesicles which carry the viral replication complex Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease: structure of a viral deubiquitinating enzyme Structural basis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ADP-ribose-1ʺ-phosphate dephosphorylation by a conserved domain of nsP3 Coronavirus transcription: a perspective Processing of the coronavirus MHV-JHM polymerase polyprotein: identification of precursors and proteolytic products spanning 400 kilodaltons of ORF1a Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex Viral replicase gene products suffice for coronavirus discontinuous transcription Identification of a new human coronavirus Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia Treatments with urea, NaCl or sodium carbonate, pH 11.5 have been shown to disrupt the association between peripheral, membrane-associated proteins, but such treatments do not disrupt integral membrane proteins (Bordier, 1981) .


id: cord-316134-lkd2mj27
author: Sungsuwan, Suttipun
date: 2020-01-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9264
sentence: 307
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-316134-lkd2mj27.txt
txt: txt/cord-316134-lkd2mj27.txt
title:
  Nucleocapsid proteins from other swine enteric coronaviruses differentially modulate PEDV replication

summary:
  No detectable fluorescence was observed from co-transfection with the empty pCAGGS vector, confirming the role of PEDV N protein during at least the first round of viral RNA transcription and viral protein translation (Fig. 7A ). Specifically, we asked if N proteins from TGEV or PDCoV can interact with PEDV N and possibly affect PEDV replication.


id: cord-351197-xv6ymc4l
author: Cibulski, Samuel
title: A plate of viruses: Viral metagenomics of supermarket chicken, pork and beef from Brazil
date: 2020-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1713
sentence: 44
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-351197-xv6ymc4l.txt
txt: txt/cord-351197-xv6ymc4l.txt
summary:
  The 539 role of swine in the generation of novel influenza viruses 542 Recombination in eukaryotic single stranded DNA viruses Torque teno virus (TTV) is highly prevalent in the European wild boar 546 (Sus scrofa) Detection patterns of 548 porcine parvovirus (PPV) and novel porcine parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2-549 PPV6) in Polish swine farms Metagenomics and future perspectives in 551 virus discovery Prediction and prevention 554 of the next pandemic zoonosis Understanding 557 spoilage microbial community and spoilage mechanisms in foods of animal origin Marine phage genomics: The tip of the iceberg A third gyrovirus species in human 564 faeces High frequency and extensive genetic heterogeneity 567 of TTSuV1 and TTSuVk2a in PCV2-infected and non-infected domestic pigs and 568 wild boars from Uruguay Complete nucleotide and amino acid 571 sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus, a member of a new 572 species in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae Prevalence of the Novel Torque Teno Sus Virus Species k2b from Pigs in 576 the United States and Lack of Association with Post-Weaning Multisystemic 577 Wasting Syndrome or Mulberry Heart Disease A field guide to eukaryotic circular single-580 stranded DNA viruses: Insights gained from metagenomics Behaviour of Brochothrix 583 thermosphacta in presence of other meat spoilage microbial groups. From these, 0.75% were assigned to eukaryotic viruses and 99.25% to 133 bacteriophages.


id: cord-317333-unrd76bo
author: Danesh, Ali
date: 2011-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5473
sentence: 197
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-317333-unrd76bo.txt
txt: txt/cord-317333-unrd76bo.txt
title:
  Early gene expression events in ferrets in response to SARS coronavirus infection versus direct interferon-alpha2b stimulation

summary:
  We also analyzed the signaling pathways during an infection with SARS-CoV, and by means of comparative analysis we profiled IFN gene responses in the context of a respiratory infection. In vivo experiments revealed that IFN-α2b causes STAT1 phosphorylation and upregulation of abundant IFN response genes (IRGs), chemokine receptors, and other genes that participate in phagocytosis and leukocyte transendothelial migration.


id: cord-305143-mqd4ioj4
author: Zmasek, Christian M.
date: 2019-01-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7272
sentence: 262
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-305143-mqd4ioj4.txt
txt: txt/cord-305143-mqd4ioj4.txt
title:
  Classification of human Herpesviridae proteins using Domain-architecture Aware Inference of Orthologs (DAIO)

summary:
  Protein domains were analyzed using hmmscan from HMMER v3.1b2 (Eddy, 2011) and the Pfam 31.0 database (Finn et al., 2016) . The ortholog conjecture is untestable by the current gene ontology but is supported by RNA sequencing data ICP27 interacts with the Cterminal domain of RNA polymerase II and facilitates its recruitment to herpes simplex virus 1 transcription sites, where it undergoes proteasomal degradation during infection Herpesvirus systematics Evolution of the herpesviruses Fast and accurate phylogeny minimum-evolution principle Specific inhibition of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase by helical peptides corresponding to the subunit interface Accelerated profile HMM searches Phylogenomics: improving functional predictions for uncharacterized genes by evolutionary analysis The Pfam protein families database: towards a more sustainable future Distinguishing homologous from analogous proteins Construction and properties of a mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 with glycoprotein H coding sequences deleted Multiple functions of DNA polymerases Transcriptional analysis of the murine cytomegalovirus HindIII-I region: identification of a novel immediate-early gene region Human herpesvirus 6 open reading frame U12 encodes a functional beta-chemokine receptor Evolutionary history and functional implications of protein domains and their combinations in eukaryotes Orthologs and paralogs -we need to get it right MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability A comparative study of uracil-DNA glycosylases from human and herpes simplex virus type 1 aLeaves facilitates on-demand exploration of metazoan gene family trees on MAFFT sequence alignment server with enhanced interactivity A herpes simplex virus mutant in which glycoprotein D sequences are replaced by beta-galactosidase sequences binds to but is unable to penetrate into cells Characterization of the protease and other products of aminoterminus-proximal cleavage of the herpes simplex virus 1 UL26 protein Intranuclear delivery of an antiviral peptide mediated by the B subunit of Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin


id: cord-330847-a84pcc9z
author: Edwards, M. C.
title: RNA recombination in the genome of Barley stripe mosaic virus
date: 1992-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2353
sentence: 92
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cord-330847-a84pcc9z.txt
txt: txt/cord-330847-a84pcc9z.txt
summary:
  Analysis of the resulting cDNA clones suggested that CV17 RNA y is a naturally occurring chimeric recombinant, composed of a 70nucleotide (nt) a-specific leader sequence preceding a r-specific coding region. Using an M 13 universal primer, six of these putative CV17 y clones were then sequenced in the region of the cDNA insert corresponding to the 5'-end of CV17 RNA y.


id: cord-324321-y96x8x3h
author: Cai, Yingyun
date: 2003-11-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8540
sentence: 306
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-324321-y96x8x3h.txt
txt: txt/cord-324321-y96x8x3h.txt
title:
  Down-regulation of transcription of the proapoptotic gene BNip3 in cultured astrocytes by murine coronavirus infection

summary:
  These data thus unequivocally establish that MHV infection downregulated BNip3 gene expression in DBT cells. The mechanism by which MHV infection of DBT cells downregulates BNip3 gene expression is currently unknown.


id: cord-304421-xpj6c0vx
author: Piñón, Josefina D.
date: 1999-10-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7410
sentence: 265
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-304421-xpj6c0vx.txt
txt: txt/cord-304421-xpj6c0vx.txt
title:
  Further Requirements for Cleavage by the Murine Coronavirus 3C-like Proteinase: Identification of a Cleavage Site within ORF1b

summary:
  cleavage site situated between the putative polymerase (POL) and zinc finger (Zn) domains (the POL2Zn site) (Fig. 2) . Recombinant MBP-3CLpro enzyme (1.27 mg/ml in elution buffer supplemented with 20% glycerol and 2 mM DTT, 17.5 M enzyme) was incubated with synthetic peptide ORF1a (0.02 to 0.6 mM in 10% DMSO), with the sequence H 2 N-Thr-Thr-Ser-Phe-Leu-Gln2Ser-Gly-Ile-Val-Lys-Met-Val-Ser-COOH, corresponding to ORF1a amino acids 3328 to 3341 (arrow indicates cleavage site) or ORF1b peptide (0.02 to 0.25 mM in 10% DMSO), with the sequence H 2 N-Arg-Ser-Ala-Val-Leu-Gln2Ser-Val-Gly-Ala-Cys-Val-Val-Cys-Ser-COOH, corresponding to ORF1b amino acids 934 to 948 (arrow indicates cleavage site) in a final reaction volume of 100 l.


id: cord-328046-5us4se5o
author: Xu, H. Y.
date: 2001-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5783
sentence: 184
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-328046-5us4se5o.txt
txt: txt/cord-328046-5us4se5o.txt
title:
  Further Identification and Characterization of Novel Intermediate and Mature Cleavage Products Released from the ORF 1b Region of the Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus 1a/1b Polyprotein

summary:
  Colocalization of viral proteins with the organelle markers is represented by the yellow region within each cell in the merged images (C, F, I, L, and O). Replication and morphogenesis of avian coronavirus in Vero cells and their inhibition by monensin Impaired integrinmediated adhesion and signaling in fibroblasts expressing a dominant-negative mutant PTP1B Subcellular distribution of normal and mutant vitamin D receptors in living cells Four proteins processed from the replicase gene polyprotein of mouse hepatitis virus colocalize in the cell periphery and adjacent to sites of virion assembly Completion of the sequence of the genome of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus Comparison of the replication of positive-stranded RNA viruses of plants and animals The putative helicase of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus is processed from the replicase gene polyprotein and localizes in complexes that are active in viral RNA synthesis Molecular chaperones Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase Protein folding in the cell Identification of an ATPase activity associated with a 71-kilodalton polypeptide encoded in gene 1 of the human coronavirus 229E Identification and subcellular localization of a 41 kDa, polyprotein 1ab processing product in human coronavirus 229E-infected cells Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 Characterization of the two overlapping papain-like proteinase domains encoded in gene 1 of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus and determination of the C-terminal cleavage site of an 87 kDa protein Identification of a novel cleavage activity of the first papain-like proteinase domain encoded by ORF 1a of the coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus and characterization of the cleavage products The missing link in coronavirus assembly: Retention of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus envelope protein in the pre-Golgi compartments and physical interaction between the envelope and membrane proteins Induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis in cultured cells by the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus Characterisation and mutational analysis of an ORF 1a-encoding proteinase domain responsible for proteolytic processing of the infectious bronchitis virus 1a/1b polyprotein A 100-kilodalton polypeptide encoded by open reading frame (ORF) 1b of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is processed by ORF 1a products Identification, expression, and processing of an 87-kDa polypeptide encoded by ORF 1a of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus Proteolytic processing of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 1a polyprotein: Identification of a 10 kDa polypeptide and determination of its cleavage sites Proteolytic mapping of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 1b polyprotein: evidence for the presence of four cleavage sites of the 3C-like proteinase and identification of two novel cleavage products Identification of a 24 kDa polypeptide processed from the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 1a polyprotein by the 3C-like proteinase and determination of its cleavage sites Further characterization of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 3C-like proteinase and determination of a new cleavage site Processing of the coronavirus MHV-JHM polymerase polyprotein: identification of precursors and proteolytic products spanning 400 kilodaltons of ORF1a The human coronavirus 229E superfamily 1 helicase has RNA and DNA duplexunwinding activities with 5Ј-3Ј polarity Biochemical characterization of the equine arteritis virus helicase suggests a close functional relationship between arterivirus and coronavirus helicases Colocalization and membrane association of murine hepatitis virus gene 1 products and de novo-synthesized viral RNA in infected cells Mouse hepatitis virus replicase proteins associate with two distinct populations of intracellular membranes Characterization of endoplasmic reticulum by colocalization of B-p and dicarbocyanine dyes Localization of mouse hepatitis virus nonstructural proteins and RNA synthesis indicates a role for late endosomes in viral replication Integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope are dispersed throughout the endoplasmic reticulum during mitosis Processing of the human coronavirus


id: cord-325179-gsf8ad65
author: Jarvis, Donald L.
title: Modification of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen by glycosylation
date: 1985-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7755
sentence: 337
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-325179-gsf8ad65.txt
txt: txt/cord-325179-gsf8ad65.txt
summary:
  Relationship of oligomerization to enzymatic and DNA-binding properties of the SV40 large T antigen Surface proteins of simian-virus-40-transformed cells Simian virus 40 T-antigen-related cell surface antigen: Serological demonstration on simian virus 40-transformed monolayer cells in situ Structure and processing of the mouse mammary tumor virus glycoprotein precursor Pr73 Glycoprotein encoded by the Friend spleen focus-forming virus Detection and characterization of multiple forms of simian virus 40 large T antigen Subclasses of simian virus 40 large T antigen: Differential binding of two subclasses of T antigen from productively infected cells to viral and cellular DNA Complete nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA Separation and identification of monosaccharides from biological materials by thinlayer chromatography Different forms of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen varying in their affinities for DNA Modification of SV40 T antigen by poly-ADPribosylation Monoclonal antibodies against simian virus 40 T antigens: Evidence for distinct subclasses of large T antigen and for similarities among nonviral T antigens Monoclonal antibodies specific for simian virus 40 Evidence for a role in nuclear matrix association Structure and function of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen Effect of cell chromosome number on simian virus 40 replication Association of SV40 large tumor antigen and cellular proteins on the surface of SV40-transformed mouse cells Antigenic structure of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen and association with cellular protein p53 on the surfaces of simian virus IO-infected and -transformed cells A small subclass of SV40 T antigen binds to the viral origin of replication Antigenic distinctions of glycoproteins in plasma and mitochondrial membranes of lymphoid cells neoplastically transformed by simian virus 40 New properties of simian virus 40 large T antigen Expression of mammary tumor virus proteins in preneoplastic outgrowth lines and mammary tumors of BALB/cV mice Subcellular localization of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen Detection of simian virus 40 surface-associated large tumor antigen by enzyme-catalyzed radioiodination Characterization of carbohydrate unite of glycoproteins Different structural systems of the nucleus are targets for SV40 large T antigen Inhibition of biosynthesis of polyisoprenol sugars in chick embryo microsomes by tunicamycin Purification and properties of an endo-&N-acetylglucosaminidase from Streptomyces griseus Modification of simian virus 40 protein A New surface antigen in cells transformed by simian papovavirus SV40 Molecular Biology of Tumor Viruses Glycosylation of thyroid-stimulating hormone in pituitary tumor cells: Influence of highmannose oligosaccharide units on subunit aggregation, combination, and intracellular degradation


id: cord-309015-t5v2sjus
author: York, Joanne
date: 2005-12-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5083
sentence: 171
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-309015-t5v2sjus.txt
txt: txt/cord-309015-t5v2sjus.txt
title:
  Genetic analysis of heptad-repeat regions in the G2 fusion subunit of the Junín arenavirus envelope glycoprotein

summary:
  Among the adequately cleaved mutant glycoproteins, four positions in the N-terminal region (I333, L336, L347 and L350) and two positions in the C-terminal region (R392 and W395) were shown to be important determinants of cell–cell fusion. In all cases, cell -cell fusion required exposure of the culture to acidic (pH 5.0) medium.


id: cord-310748-ao29zx1u
author: Banner, Lisa R.
title: Random nature of coronavirus RNA recombination in the absence of selection pressure
date: 1991-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2860
sentence: 128
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-310748-ao29zx1u.txt
txt: txt/cord-310748-ao29zx1u.txt
summary:
  Our results showed that within a 1-kb region of the peplomer gene, RNA recombination occurred at almost every potential crossover site. These results suggest that RNA recombination is common and random in nature, but only certain recombinants can be selected.


id: cord-310967-15mv5yx7
author: Morris, Vincent L.
date: 1989-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5853
sentence: 229
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-310967-15mv5yx7.txt
txt: txt/cord-310967-15mv5yx7.txt
title:
  Characterization of coronavirus JHM variants isolated from wistar furth rats with a viral-induced demyelinating disease

summary:
  However, ATllf brain virus, ATlIe brain virus, and wild-type JHM virus-infected oligodendroglioma cells (G26-24) resembled uninfected G26-24 cultures except individual cells rounded up and lifted off from the monolayer ( Fig. 1 ; data not shown for JHM virus). A littermate of ATllf (designated ATlle) was also inoculated ic at 10 days of age with the same cloned stock of JHM virus.


id: cord-324054-d71rj29o
author: Zhang, Xuming
date: 1992-01-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2361
sentence: 113
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cord-324054-d71rj29o.txt
txt: txt/cord-324054-d71rj29o.txt
title:
  The hemagglutinin/esterase gene of human coronavirus strain OC43: Phylogenetic relationships to bovine and murine coronaviruses and influenza C virus

summary:
  By analogy to BCV HE gene, these results suggest that the predicted large ORF 2b represents mRNA 2-l of HCV-OC43 and BRCV-G95, encoding the HE glycoprotein. An open reading frame of 1272 nucleotides was identified as the putative HE gene by homology to the bovine coronavirus HE gene.


id: cord-315158-f6msh8od
author: Taguchi, Fumihiro
date: 1989-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1622
sentence: 70
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-315158-f6msh8od.txt
txt: txt/cord-315158-f6msh8od.txt
title:
  Comparison of six different murine coronavirus jhm variants by monoclonal antibodies against the e2 glycoprotein

summary:
  Recently, we have shown that the highly virulent variant viruses with larger E2 glycoproteins were preferentially isolated from rat brain (19) and cultured astrocytes (20) after infection by wild-type (wt) JHMV which contains a small mRNA3 and E2 glycoprotein. 15,000-Da protein region in large E2 glycoproteins which is missing in small E2 glycoproteins.


id: cord-313091-ksrxsdpp
author: Shirato, Kazuya
title: Wild-type human coronaviruses prefer cell-surface TMPRSS2 to endosomal cathepsins for cell entry
date: 2017-12-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4028
sentence: 147
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-313091-ksrxsdpp.txt
txt: txt/cord-313091-ksrxsdpp.txt
summary:
  We previously reported that clinical isolates of HCoV-229E preferred cell-surface TMPRSS2 to endosomal cathepsin for cell entry, and that they acquired the ability to use cathepsin L by repeated passage in cultured cells and were then able to enter cells via the endosomal pathway. Here, we show that clinical isolates of HCoV-OC43 and -HKU1 preferred the cell-surface TMRRSS2 to endosomal cathepsins for cell entry, similar to HCoV-229E. In addition, the cell-culture-adapted HCoV-OC43 lost the ability to infect and replicate in air-liquid interface cultures of human bronchial tracheal epithelial cells.


id: cord-325481-uzch2hwd
author: Simmons, Graham
date: 2011-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7159
sentence: 210
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-325481-uzch2hwd.txt
txt: txt/cord-325481-uzch2hwd.txt
title:
  Different host cell proteases activate the SARS-coronavirus spike-protein for cell-cell and virus-cell fusion

summary:
  The processing of SARS-S by cellular proteases might determine route and efficiency of viral entry into target cells and might have important consequences for development of preventive and therapeutic strategies (Belouzard et al., 2009; Simmons et al., 2005; Watanabe et al., 2008) . In addition, the insertion of a furin consensus motif at this site increased SARS-S activity in a cell-cell fusion assay (Belouzard et al., 2009 ) and, as documented by an independent study, allowed cathepsin-independent infectious entry into target cells (Watanabe et al., 2008) .


id: cord-313906-fh85fzq9
author: Maruyama, Junki
title: Characterization of the glycoproteins of bat-derived influenza viruses
date: 2016-01-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4247
sentence: 142
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-313906-fh85fzq9.txt
txt: txt/cord-313906-fh85fzq9.txt
summary:
  A time-calibrated species-level phylogeny of bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses Novel swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1): the first pandemic of the 21st century Influenza virus neuraminidase: structure, antibodies, and inhibitors LDL receptor and its family members serve as the cellular receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls Receptor specificity of influenza viruses from birds and mammals: new data on involvement of the inner fragments of the carbohydrate chain Replication of avian influenza A viruses in mammals Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential Host cell factors and functions involved in vesicular stomatitis virus entry An infectious bat-derived chimeric influenza virus harbouring the entry machinery of an influenza A virus Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs Inhibition of virus-induced hemolysis with monoclonal antibodies to different antigenic areas on the hemagglutinin molecule of A/seal/Massachusetts/1/80 (H7N7) influenza virus Isolation and characterization of influenza a viruses from wild free-flying ducks in Hokkaido The molecular biology of influenza virus pathogenicity Proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin polypeptide of influenza virus. Function of the uncleaved polypeptide HA Structural and functional characterization of neuraminidase-like molecule N10 derived from bat influenza A virus Vesicular stomatitis virus: reinventing the bullet Isolation of novel adenovirus from fruit bat (Pteropus dasymallus yayeyamae) Replication and transmission of influenza viruses in Japanese quail Characterization of the envelope glycoprotein of a novel filovirus, lloviu virus Infectious entry pathway of influenza virus in a canine kidney cell line Heterosubtypic antiviral activity of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies induced by intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza viruses in mice Antibody-dependent enhancement of Marburg virus infection Studies on proteolytic enzymes (pronase) of Streptomyces griseus K-1.


id: cord-330907-srb8ac7l
author: Leparc-Goffart, Isabelle
date: 1997-12-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5465
sentence: 199
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-330907-srb8ac7l.txt
txt: txt/cord-330907-srb8ac7l.txt
title:
  Altered Pathogenesis of a Mutant of the Murine Coronavirus MHV-A59 Is Associated with a Q159L Amino Acid Substitution in the Spike Protein

summary:
  have used to derive the mutants (obtained from Dr. L. Sturman) as compared to the published sequences Demyelination of C12 (Bredenbeek et al., 1990; Bonilla et al., 1994; Luytjes et al., 1987; Luytjes et al., 1988; Hingley et al., 1994; Arm- We have shown previously that the C12 mutant of MHV-A59 has a fusion delayed phenotype in vitro (Gom-strong et al., 1983 (Gom-strong et al., , 1984 Budzilowicz et al., 1985; Budzilowicz and Weiss, 1987; amino acid substitutions in S, H716D and Q159L (Fig. 1) , there are no amino acid substitutions in the deduced In order to determine if these replicase substitutions were a general characteristic of the attenuated, tropism sequences of any of the structural proteins; this includes spike (S) (Luytjes et al., 1987; Hingley et al., 1994) , matrix mutants that arise in persistently infected glial cells, we examined the genomes of two mutants, B11 and B12, (M) (Armstrong et al., 1984) , nucleocapsid (N) (Armstrong et al., 1983) , and small membrane (E) (Budzilowicz and isolated from the independent (''B'') culture of persistently infected glial cells (Gombold et al., 1993) .


id: cord-307904-lnagg1uw
author: Johnson, Jennifer A
title: Sequence elements controlling expression of Barley stripe mosaic virus subgenomic RNAs in vivo
date: 2003-08-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10700
sentence: 361
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-307904-lnagg1uw.txt
txt: txt/cord-307904-lnagg1uw.txt
summary:
  Protoplast transfections and RNA blots were carried out as described in Expression of the sgRNA␤1, sgRNA␤2, and sgRNA␥ promoters in the RNA␤ S/B derivative (␤1Ϫ34/ϩ14), which contains a 48-nt deletion inactivating the native sgRNA␤1 promoter. (C) Alignment of the sgRNA␤1, sgRNA␤2, and sgRNA␥ promoter regions of BSMV with mapped (TMV and PVX) or putative (BNYVV, PCV, PMTV, and PVM) sgRNA promoter regions of other viruses.


id: cord-300372-h5g4z8ts
author: Kelvin, Alyson A.
date: 2014-04-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10499
sentence: 351
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-300372-h5g4z8ts.txt
txt: txt/cord-300372-h5g4z8ts.txt
title:
  Lack of Group X Secreted Phospholipase A(2) Increases Survival Following Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Infection

summary:
  In the first series of infections, GX þ / þ (n¼25), GX þ /-(n¼32), and GX À /À (n¼24) mice on a C57BL/6J background were infected intranasally with H1N1pdm influenza A/Mexico/4108/2009 ( Fig. 2A ). The difference in survival between GX À /À and GX þ /mice, and between GX À /À and GX þ / þ mice after H1N1pdm infection was statistically significant, pr0.01.


id: cord-329819-dpgexphf
author: Hu, Weiwei
title: Epidermal growth factor receptor is a co-factor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry
date: 2018-06-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6789
sentence: 282
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-329819-dpgexphf.txt
txt: txt/cord-329819-dpgexphf.txt
summary:
  Cell membrane EGFR was analyzed by Westernblot using rabbit anti-EGFR pAb. For TGEV infected cells, TGEV particles bound with cells at 4°C.


id: cord-331916-n744pymd
author: Liu, Jue
title: Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 2 replication in mice by RNA interference
date: 2006-04-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6710
sentence: 225
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-331916-n744pymd.txt
txt: txt/cord-331916-n744pymd.txt
summary:
  Inhibition of PCV2 viral protein synthesis in cell culture by shRNA is sequence-specific and dose-dependent To test whether RNAi could inhibit PCV2 in cell culture, we generated six shRNA-expressing plasmids targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 regions of the PCV2 genome (Fig. 1A) for their ability to suppress expression of PCV2 viral proteins. A dose -response analysis ( Fig. 2A ) was conducted by transfecting PK15 cells with increasing amounts of pSIR3, pSIR6, or negative control pVP2-expressing plasmid followed by measuring the numbers of PCV2 antigen cells by IFA 72 h post-transfection.


id: cord-353748-y1a52z8e
author: Bhattacharya, Rajarshi
date: 2021-01-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3332
sentence: 126
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-353748-y1a52z8e.txt
txt: txt/cord-353748-y1a52z8e.txt
title:
  A natural food preservative peptide nisin can interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor human ACE2

summary:
  Nisin H differs from nisin F by 7 residues, F1I, M6L, T18G, Y21 M, H27 N, I30V and K31H. Nisin Q is different from nisin H due to the presence of isoleucine, leucine, valine, glycine, leucine, asparagine, valine and histidine at positions 1, 6, 15, 18, 21, 27, 30 and 31, respectively. In multiple sequence alignment (Fig. 1) of amino acid residues of eight nisin variants (nisin A, Z, Q, H, P, U, U2 and F), nisin Z shared 82.35% amino acid sequence similarity with nisin H, whereas nisin P, U, U2, Q and F shared only 70.97%, 67.74%,67.74%, 76.47% and 79.41%, respectively with nisin H (Table S2) .


id: cord-331807-ooym5eh3
author: Wu, Tao
date: 2020-07-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 558
sentence: 15
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-331807-ooym5eh3.txt
txt: txt/cord-331807-ooym5eh3.txt
title:
  A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for the rapid detection of N gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)

summary:
  key: cord-331807-ooym5eh3 authors: Wu, Tao; Ge, Yiyue; Zhao, Kangchen; Zhu, Xiaojuan; Chen, Yin; Wu, Bin; Zhu, Fengcai; Zhu, Baoli; Cui, Lunbiao title: A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for the rapid detection of N gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) date: 2020-07-29 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 331807 cord_uid: ooym5eh3 The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China firstly. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report -35 Development of a reverse 248 transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for the detection of coxsackievirus A10 and 249 coxsackievirus A6 RNA Rapid detection 251 of Salmonella with Recombinase Aided Amplification A Novel 254 Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China


id: cord-321265-il9vbbgk
author: DEN BOON, JOHAN A.
date: 1995-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3729
sentence: 180
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-321265-il9vbbgk.txt
txt: txt/cord-321265-il9vbbgk.txt
title:
  Equine Arteritis Virus Subgenomic RNA Transcription: UV Inactivation and Translation Inhibition Studies

summary:
  DISCUSSION We investigated to what extent EAV RNA synthesis depended on continuous protein synthesis and whether The EAV UV inactivation experiments described in this paper show that at the peak of sg RNA synthesis conven-the UV transcription mapping results could be explained by a combined effect on transcription and replicase tional cis-splicing, if at all, is not a major mechanism in the production of the EAV sg mRNAs. However, complete independence of sg RNA synthesis from that of genomic RNA was never observed during the course of infection.


id: cord-345088-krb1eidw
author: Shen, S
date: 2004-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6978
sentence: 230
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-345088-krb1eidw.txt
txt: txt/cord-345088-krb1eidw.txt
title:
  A single amino acid mutation in the spike protein of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus hampers its maturation and incorporation into virions at the nonpermissive temperature

summary:
  Although S protein is dispensable for the formation of virus-like-particles (VLPs), its incorporation into virion is critical to the assembly of infectious virus particles. A portion of S protein might be transported to the plasma membrane and responsible for the cell-to-cell membrane fusion, resulting in the formation of typical syncycia and spread of virus infection to neighboring cells.


id: cord-345630-bam3pa70
author: Lee, Han-Jung
date: 1991-02-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5981
sentence: 294
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cord-345630-bam3pa70.txt
txt: txt/cord-345630-bam3pa70.txt
title:
  The complete sequence (22 kilobases) of murine coronavirus gene 1 encoding the putative proteases and RNA polymerase

summary:
  This possibility is consistent with the finding that MHV RNA synthesis occurs on the membrane fractions in the infected cells (Brayton et al., 1982) . It has been shown that there are at least five to six complementation groups involving MHV RNA synthesis, five of which have been mapped within gene 1 (Leibowitz eta/., 1982; Baric eta/., 1990) .


id: cord-322904-9mta0aem
author: Neu, Ursula
date: 2009-02-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9656
sentence: 372
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-322904-9mta0aem.txt
txt: txt/cord-322904-9mta0aem.txt
title:
  The Polyomaviridae: Contributions of virus structure to our understanding of virus receptors and infectious entry

summary:
  key: cord-322904-9mta0aem authors: Neu, Ursula; Stehle, Thilo; Atwood, Walter J. title: The Polyomaviridae: Contributions of virus structure to our understanding of virus receptors and infectious entry date: 2009-02-01 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.021 sha: doc_id: 322904 cord_uid: 9mta0aem This review summarizes the fields major findings related to the characterization of polyomavirus structures and to the characterization of virus receptors and mechanisms of host cell invasion. The two β-sheets are organized into a jelly-roll fold, a structural motif that is quite often observed in virus capsid proteins but rare in non-viral proteins.


id: cord-337976-c2auspti
author: Weiss, Susan R.
date: 1983-04-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3824
sentence: 181
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-337976-c2auspti.txt
txt: txt/cord-337976-c2auspti.txt
title:
  Coronaviruses SD and SK share extensive nucleotide homology with murine coronavirus MHV-A59, more than that shared between human and murine coronaviruses

summary:
  Intraeellular RNAs extracted from eells infected with SD or SK, were eleetrophoresed in parallel with MHV-A59 RNA, blotted onto nitrocellulose and the virusspecific species detected by hybridization with MHV-A59 eDNA. L Characterization of biological behavior in vitro and virus specific intracellular RNA of strongly neurotropic JHMV and weakly neurotropic A59V viruses Plaque assay and improved yield of human coronaviruses in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line Sequence relationship between the genome segments of human and animal rotavirus strains Isolation and identification of virus-specific mRNAs in cells infected with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) Chronic central nervous system demyelination in mice after JHM virus infection Intracisternal virus-like particles in the brain of a multiple sclerosis patient Efficient transcription of RNA into DNA by avian sarcoma virus polymerase Hybridization of denatured RNA and small DNA fragments transferred to nitrocellulose.


id: cord-332356-au7s3dmp
author: Strandin, Tomas
title: The cytoplasmic tail of hantavirus Gn glycoprotein interacts with RNA
date: 2011-09-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6576
sentence: 219
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-332356-au7s3dmp.txt
txt: txt/cord-332356-au7s3dmp.txt
summary:
  Surprisingly, the antibodies against N protein precipitated exogenous RNA-N protein complexes very weakly if at all. The same pattern of RNA-bound proteins was observed with exogenous hantavirus S segment and the unRNA.


id: cord-322084-gkg1059v
author: JEONG, YONG SEOK
title: Coronavirus Transcription Mediated by Sequences Flanking the Transcription Consensus Sequence
date: 1996-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6362
sentence: 205
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-322084-gkg1059v.txt
txt: txt/cord-322084-gkg1059v.txt
summary:
  By using PCR-based sequences flanking the same intergenic region between site-directed mutagenesis, a 12-nucleotide-long segenes 6 and 7 do not affect the efficiency of subgenomic quence, TCTAATCTAAAC, was inserted into DI cDNA DI RNA transcription (Makino and Joo, 1993) . To directly compare the efficiency of subgenomic DI RNA transcription, we used RNAs were synthesized in vitro and transfected by lipofection into DBT cell monolayers that were infected with the same membrane in the experiments documented in Figs.


id: cord-329245-6tj2k1yn
author: Corse, Emily
title: The cytoplasmic tails of infectious bronchitis virus E and M proteins mediate their interaction
date: 2003-07-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7418
sentence: 241
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-329245-6tj2k1yn.txt
txt: txt/cord-329245-6tj2k1yn.txt
summary:
  This would account for the small amount of IBV E protein relative to IBV M protein that is found in VLPs. We conclude that the cytoplasmic tail of IBV E protein is sufficient for interaction with M protein.


id: cord-340983-w219g6qs
author: Smith, Mary Ellen
title: Rabies Virus Glycoprotein as a Carrier for Anthrax Protective Antigen
date: 2006-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7529
sentence: 254
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-340983-w219g6qs.txt
txt: txt/cord-340983-w219g6qs.txt
summary:
  The genes encoding RV Ganthrax PA D4 fusion proteins containing 0, 51, 127, 210, or 439 amino acids of the RV ED were PCR-amplified and introduced into an expression plasmid under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase promotor (Fig. 3) . Panel A shows RV G protein is shown in panel A.


id: cord-333525-67bbmo4m
author: Yao, Qianqian
date: 2013-07-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5257
sentence: 163
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-333525-67bbmo4m.txt
txt: txt/cord-333525-67bbmo4m.txt
title:
  Negatively charged residues in the endodomain are critical for specific assembly of spike protein into murine coronavirus

summary:
  These results indicate an important role for negatively charged endodomain residues in the incorporation of MHV S protein into assembled virions. In the current study, we analyzed the effects of the Endo charge-rich motif on virion incorporation of MHV S protein through substitutions of the homologous regions from the alphacoronavirus porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), the betacoronaviruses bovine coronavirus (BCoV) and SARS-CoV, or the gammacoronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).


id: cord-326027-58whwspe
author: Hernaez, Bruno
date: 2006-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7955
sentence: 279
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-326027-58whwspe.txt
txt: txt/cord-326027-58whwspe.txt
title:
  Visualization of the African swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera

summary:
  African swine fever virus protein p54 interacts with the microtubular motor complex through direct binding to light-chain dynein Assembly of African swine fever virus: role of polyprotein pp220 African swine fever virus is enveloped by a two-membraned collapsed cisterna derived from the endoplasmic reticulum African swine fever virus protease, a new viral member of the SUMO-1-specific protease family Repression of African swine fever virus polyprotein pp220-encoding gene leads to the assembly of icosahedral core-less particles Electron microscopic observation of African swine fever virus development in Vero cells Characterization of African swine fever virion proteins j5R and j13L: immunolocalization in virus particles and assembly sites Design and construction of African swine fever virus chimeras incorporating foreign viral epitopes Purification and properties of African swine fever virus Vaccinia virus cores are transported on microtubules Association of African swine fever virus with the cytoskeleton The major structural protein of African swine fever virus, p73, is packaged into large structures, indicative of viral capsid or matrix precursors, on the endoplasmic reticulum African swine fever virus interaction with microtubules The preparation of orthopoxvirus DNA Two-dimensional analysis of African swine fever virus proteins and proteins induced in infected cells Tracking fluorescence-labeled rabies virus: enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged phosphoprotein P supports virus gene expression and formation of infectious particles Inducible gene expression from African swine fever virus recombinants: analysis of the major capsid protein p72 Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein Microtubule-independent motility and nuclear targeting of adenoviruses with fluorescently labeled genomes Improvement of African swine fever virus neutralization assay using recombinant viruses expressing chromogenic marker genes Aggresomes resemble sites specialized for virus assembly The African swine fever virus dynein-binding protein p54 induces infected cell apoptosis Switching on and off the cell death cascade: Total cell lysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and the kinetics of synthesis of virus proteins were assessed (Fig. 3a ).


id: cord-329625-hx2rsi91
author: You, Jae-Hwan
date: 2008-08-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5647
sentence: 157
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-329625-hx2rsi91.txt
txt: txt/cord-329625-hx2rsi91.txt
title:
  A model for the dynamic nuclear/nucleolar/cytoplasmic trafficking of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) nucleocapsid protein based on live cell imaging

summary:
  The localisation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein to the nucleolus of infected cells and identification of a potential nucleolar localization signal sequence Peptide domains involved in the localization of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein to the nucleolus Intracellular localization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein: absence of nucleolar accumulation during infection and after expression as a recombinant protein in Vero cells Disruption of the nucleolus mediates stabilization of p53 in response to DNA damage and other stresses Intranuclear ataxin1 inclusions contain both fast-and slow-exchanging components Potential subversion of autophagosomal pathway by picornaviruses Crossing the nuclear envelope: hierarchical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport Nuclear localization of non-structural protein 1 and nucleocapsid protein of equine arteritis virus Model of the trafficking of PRRSV N protein within the cell where the width of arrows denotes the relative movement of N protein and shading is relative concentration of the protein. This property is common with related viruses including the equine arterivirus (EAV) N protein (Tijms et al., 2002) and the coronavirus N proteins Wurm et al., 2001) with the possible exception of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) N protein (Li et al., 2005; Rowland et al., 2005; Timani et al., 2005; You et al., 2005; You et al., 2007) .


id: cord-335482-nx7odchj
author: Makino, Shinji
title: Defective interfering particles of mouse hepatitis virus
date: 1984-02-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3848
sentence: 179
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cord-335482-nx7odchj.txt
txt: txt/cord-335482-nx7odchj.txt
summary:
  These results indicated that defective interfering particles were generated by serial undiluted passages of JHM virus. We have observed marked reduction of infectivity in the course od serial undiluted passages of JHM virus in DBT cell culture.


id: cord-346514-vyo8l14p
author: Chen, I-Hsuan
date: 2013-06-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5153
sentence: 180
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-346514-vyo8l14p.txt
txt: txt/cord-346514-vyo8l14p.txt
title:
  Characterization of the polyadenylation activity in a replicase complex from Bamboo mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants

summary:
  Models of the mechanism for BaMV RNA polyadenylation are proposed and discussed in this paper. We conducted a polyadenylation activity assay for BaMV RNA by using a partially purified BaMV replicase complex.


id: cord-342901-ca2xxkb2
author: Lloyd, Richard E.
title: Nuclear proteins hijacked by mammalian cytoplasmic plus strand RNA viruses
date: 2015-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 16231
sentence: 522
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-342901-ca2xxkb2.txt
txt: txt/cord-342901-ca2xxkb2.txt
summary:
  The cytoplasmic milieu encountered by plus strand RNA virus genomes as they are released from capsids is poised to greet the interloper as any other mRNA, with a ready store of RNA binding proteins ready to interact and impart functions. However, translation does not occur on transcripts that are naked and devoid of RNA-binding proteins, rather, cellular transcripts are continually bound to a host of RNA binding proteins from the instant they emerge from RNA polymerase during their synthesis.


id: cord-344515-e0g911le
author: Voss, Kelsey
date: 2014-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9221
sentence: 364
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-344515-e0g911le.txt
txt: txt/cord-344515-e0g911le.txt
title:
  Inhibition of host extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation decreases new world alphavirus multiplication in infected cells

summary:
  Using a small molecule inhibitor of ERK, Ag-126, we demonstrate that ERK1/2 phosphorylation plays an important role in VEEV multiplication in infected cells. Based on our previous lines of evidence, we hypothesized that VEEV infection will activate other host phospho-signaling cascades in infected cells and inhibition of specific events in those cascades will have an effect on VEEV multiplication.


id: cord-334133-61om170g
author: Hollier, Mark J.
date: 2005-07-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8480
sentence: 279
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-334133-61om170g.txt
txt: txt/cord-334133-61om170g.txt
title:
  The C-terminal tail of the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1 clades A, B, C, and D may exist in two conformations: an analysis of sequence, structure, and function

summary:
  They have distinct preferences for specific residues or combinations of residues of the tyrosine signals, although there is overlap, particularly with AP-1 and AP-3 complexes (Table 2) (Boll et al., 1996; Ohno et al., 1996 Ohno et al., , 1998 . complexes have the broadest specificity range and associate with the same signals as AP-1 and AP-3 complexes (Ohno et al., 1998) .


id: cord-353467-wbtzvm4i
author: Lambert, Carsten
title: Functional incorporation of green fluorescent protein into hepatitis B virus envelope particles
date: 2004-12-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6333
sentence: 222
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-353467-wbtzvm4i.txt
txt: txt/cord-353467-wbtzvm4i.txt
summary:
  Among the three related large L, middle M, and small S envelope proteins, L has been shown to play the key role in receptor recognition and cell attachment (Le Seyec et al., 1999; Neurath et al., 1986) . Because HBV empty envelope particles, built from the S protein, provide a safe antigen delivery system, their use as a carrier for the presentation of various antigens is a long established practice.


id: cord-329794-msxrdhb3
author: Lu, Aili
date: 2004-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2693
sentence: 109
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-329794-msxrdhb3.txt
txt: txt/cord-329794-msxrdhb3.txt
title:
  Attenuation of SARS coronavirus by a short hairpin RNA expression plasmid targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

summary:
  To test this possibility, in the present study, HeLa cells and 293 cells were transfected with SARS coronavirus RDRP, and the effect of RNAi on inhibition of RDRP of coronavirus was tested. shRNA reduced the production of SARS RDRP proteins To confirm the effect of shRNA on RDRP expression, we performed Western blot analysis.


