Acknowledgement to WPSAR reviewers 2010-2012
keywords: patel; peter; reviewers; span
cache: wpsar-178.htm
plain text: wpsar-178.txt
item: #89 of 447
id: wpsar-179
author: None
title: wpsar-179
date: None
words: 3072
flesch: 49
summary: Public health risk related to SFTSV human infection in China Click to download Table 1. Information on SFTSV cases and the population in six provinces under surveillance was compared.
keywords: cases; china; disease; fever; health; infection; public; risk; sftsv
cache: wpsar-179.htm
plain text: wpsar-179.txt
item: #90 of 447
id: wpsar-180
author: None
title: wpsar-180
date: None
words: 2040
flesch: 45
summary: These pathogens are not specific for tsunami lung, but are reported causative agents for pneumonia after near-drowning. In some patients with tsunami lung, sand and plant fragments are collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; therefore, the patients aspirate not only industrial materials but also various microbes that live in seawater, freshwater and soil.
keywords: case; japan; pneumonia; scedosporium; tsunami
cache: wpsar-180.htm
plain text: wpsar-180.txt
item: #91 of 447
id: wpsar-181
author: None
title: wpsar-181
date: None
words: 3900
flesch: 42
summary: Tracking oseltamivir-resistance in New Zealand influenza viruses during a medicine reclassification in 2007, a resistant-virus importation in 2008 and the 2009 pandemic Original Research Richard J Hall,a Matthew Peacey,a Jacqui C. Ralston,a Danielle J de Joux,a Judy Bocacao,a Mackenzie Nicol,a Molly Ziki,a Wendy Gunn,a Jing Wanga and Q Sue Huanga a WHO National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science & Research, National Centre for Biosecurity & Infectious Disease, New Zealand. Correspondence to Richard J Hall (e-mail: richard.hall@esr.cri.nz). Tracking oseltamivir-resistance in New Zealand influenza viruses during a medicine reclassification in 2007, a resistant-virus importation in 2008 and the 2009 pandemic.
keywords: a(h1n1; ic50; influenza; neuraminidase; new; oseltamivir; pandemic; resistance; surveillance; viruses; zealand
cache: wpsar-181.htm
plain text: wpsar-181.txt
item: #92 of 447
id: wpsar-182
author: None
title: wpsar-182
date: None
words: 3758
flesch: 44
summary: Number of national HIV sentinel surveillance sites by population group, China, 1995–2011 Click to download Table 1. jpg, 400kb BSS – behavioural sentinel surveillance; HSS – HIV sentinel surveillance; DU – drug users; FSW – female sex workers; STI – sexually transmitted infections clinic attendees; LDD – long-distance truck drivers; ANC – antenatal care clinic attendees; FPD – former plasma donors; MSM – men who have sex with men. HIV prevalence from HIV sentinel surveillance data on selected populations, China, 1995–20102 Click to download Figure 2.
keywords: aids; china; data; hiv; hss; national; sentinel; sites; surveillance; system
cache: wpsar-182.htm
plain text: wpsar-182.txt
item: #93 of 447
id: wpsar-183
author: None
title: wpsar-183
date: None
words: 2724
flesch: 46
summary: In addition, a test for the trend of syphilis notification rates over time was conducted. Syphilis notification rates increased by twofold from 71 per 100 000 in 2001 to 152 per 100 000 in 2011 (P P = 0.011).
keywords: figure; mongolia; notification; rates; sti; syphilis
cache: wpsar-183.htm
plain text: wpsar-183.txt
item: #94 of 447
id: wpsar-184
author: None
title: wpsar-184
date: None
words: 1600
flesch: 34
summary: Uses of TB surveillance data for programmatic decision-making Click to download Box 1. jpg, 292kb Assessing disease burden and epidemiological trends TB surveillance data have been the globally recognized, fundamental data source for assessing the disease burden and epidemiological trends of TB.3 WHO’s policy for measuring TB disease burden emphasizes the importance of quality surveillance towards the ultimate goal of measuring TB incidence directly from TB notifications.4 Annually, WHO collects TB surveillance data from more than 200 countries and publishes the epidemiological situation of TB at the country, regional and global levels.
keywords: data; surveillance; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-184.htm
plain text: wpsar-184.txt
item: #95 of 447
id: wpsar-185
author: None
title: wpsar-185
date: None
words: 3007
flesch: 58
summary: In 1997, 42.9% of homeless TB cases registered in Osaka City had been previously treated. In 1998, a cohort analysis in an inner city ward, Naniwa, showed that 30% of TB cases defaulted from their treatment.2
keywords: cases; city; osaka; treatment; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-185.htm
plain text: wpsar-185.txt
item: #96 of 447
id: wpsar-186
author: None
title: wpsar-186
date: None
words: 3250
flesch: 58
summary: The annual proportion of TB cases by risk group was stable over the study period, although there was a slight but significant increase observed for foreigner and elderly cases. HIV status of 45% of TB cases was unknown.
keywords: cases; groups; hiv; japan; risk; treatment; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-186.htm
plain text: wpsar-186.txt
item: #97 of 447
id: wpsar-187
author: None
title: wpsar-187
date: None
words: 3610
flesch: 53
summary: Treatment success rate (TSR) was defined as the proportion of a cohort of TB cases registered in the TB-IMS as being treated under Directly Observed Therapy, Short-course (DOTS) in a given year whom successfully completed treatment. Li Y, Wang Y. Study on the impact factors on migrant TB cases management.
keywords: cases; districts; migrant; non; project; ptb; shanghai; treatment
cache: wpsar-187.htm
plain text: wpsar-187.txt
item: #98 of 447
id: wpsar-188
author: None
title: wpsar-188
date: None
words: 3982
flesch: 44
summary: Although historically TB has been associated with poverty, few analytical studies from developing countries have tried to quantify the relative impact of poverty on TB case notification rates, explore the causal mechanism underlying this association and help programs to geo-target areas with high poverty rates. The registry consists of the number of different types of TB cases diagnosed, put on treatment and reported by all OD TB coordinators.
keywords: health; household; positive; poverty; rates; sputum; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-188.htm
plain text: wpsar-188.txt
item: #99 of 447
id: wpsar-189
author: None
title: wpsar-189
date: None
words: 2798
flesch: 49
summary: Willingness to support TB patients was driven by presenting provincial TB epidemiology information, research data on the experience of poor patients and the inspiring experiences of other women volunteers. Our previous study4 reported that a majority of TB patients had to borrow money during their TB treatment course (six to nine months).
keywords: chiang; patients; rai; support; treatment; volunteers; women
cache: wpsar-189.htm
plain text: wpsar-189.txt
item: #100 of 447
id: wpsar-190
author: None
title: wpsar-190
date: None
words: 831
flesch: 54
summary: We recommend setting up special surveillance to monitor trends of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis in Hong Kong (China). Bacille-Calmette-Guérin vaccine-associated suppurative lymphadenitis in Hong Kong (China), 2004 to 2012 Letter to the Editor Tsz-sum Lam,ab Yiu-Hong Leung,b Hoi-ling Tsang,c Kin-wing Choi,c Tin-yau Wong,c Man-ha Wongb and Shuk-kwan Chuangb a Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China.
keywords: china; hong; kong
cache: wpsar-190.htm
plain text: wpsar-190.txt
item: #101 of 447
id: wpsar-191
author: None
title: wpsar-191
date: None
words: 2808
flesch: 53
summary: The majority of typhoid fever cases (93%) that presented to hospitals in 2008 were ethnic Fijians, and more than half of those cases were males in the 20–30 and 30–39 age ranges.4 Context Previous research suggests that typhoid prevention and control require a multifaceted approach incorporating sanitation, low-cost hand hygiene and hand washing with soap interventions alongside vaccination programmes.5,6 Evidence from international studies indicates that between 30% and 45% of gastro-intestinal illnesses and a further 30% of acute respiratory illnesses can be simply prevented by adequate hand washing with soap at key moments: before handling food and after defecation.7–9 Understanding the motivating factors for routine hand washing is essential to any initiative likely to result in sustained population behaviour change.6,10 Health communications addressing environmental adaptation behaviours (necessitated by contextual challenges) and that also provide feedback on the costs and benefits of hand washing behaviour might prove more effective than those that provide standard health education messages or hygiene techniques.
keywords: fever; fiji; hand; health; soap; typhoid; washing; water
cache: wpsar-191.htm
plain text: wpsar-191.txt
item: #102 of 447
id: wpsar-192
author: None
title: wpsar-192
date: None
words: 2218
flesch: 51
summary: Distribution of chikungunya outbreaks in Khong and Moonlapamok Districts, Champassak Province, July to September 2012 Click to download Figure 2. jpg, 714kb Note: Numbers in parenthesis refer to suspected cases. Epidemic curve of chikungunya cases (n = 197) in Moonlapamok and Kong Districts, Champassak Province, May to September 2012 Click to download Figure 1.
keywords: cases; chikungunya; health; lao; people; republic
cache: wpsar-192.htm
plain text: wpsar-192.txt
item: #103 of 447
id: wpsar-193
author: None
title: wpsar-193
date: None
words: 2589
flesch: 53
summary: Comparison of medical expertise and equipment by perceived importance and of field communication methods, TMDUH DMAT* mission, Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011 Click to download Table 1. Figure 2. Graphical representation of the new tasks required by DMATs by day, Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011 Click to download Figure 2.
keywords: care; communication; disaster; dmats; earthquake; japan; medical
cache: wpsar-193.htm
plain text: wpsar-193.txt
item: #104 of 447
id: wpsar-200
author: None
title: wpsar-200
date: None
words: 3368
flesch: 51
summary: In the Asia subregion, both the notification rate and the absolute number of reported dengue cases were highest in the Philippines (Table 2). Number of reported dengue cases and case fatality rates (CFR) in the Western Pacific Region, 1991 to 2011 Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 320kb Source: World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office based on data provided by the Member States.
keywords: cases; countries; dengue; health; pacific; surveillance; table; western
cache: wpsar-200.htm
plain text: wpsar-200.txt
item: #105 of 447
id: wpsar-201
author: None
title: wpsar-201
date: None
words: 2882
flesch: 54
summary: The objective of this report is to provide a national summary of TB cases reported to the NTP surveillance system from 2003 to 2011. Total number of TB cases and the proportion by case classification, the Philippines, 2003 to 2011 Click to download Figure 2.
keywords: cases; ntp; philippines; smear; treatment
cache: wpsar-201.htm
plain text: wpsar-201.txt
item: #106 of 447
id: wpsar-202
author: None
title: wpsar-202
date: None
words: 3635
flesch: 48
summary: Females in the same age group, however, were found to access health care more than their male counterparts. Studies from the Western Pacific Region have reported that gender differentials in the reported dengue surveillance data may be due to: (1) differentials between the genders in exposure-associated behaviours/activities5 (e.g. working age males exposed to outdoor environments during the day when dengue virus-infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are active); (2) biological differences between the sexes (e.g. male–female differences in disease severity once infected);6,7 and (3) differential health care access/seeking behaviour between men and women6,8 (e.g. working age males may have better access to health care than their female counterparts or working age females may seek health care less often than their male counterparts).
keywords: age; care; democratic; dengue; health; lao; people; republic; surveillance
cache: wpsar-202.htm
plain text: wpsar-202.txt
item: #107 of 447
id: wpsar-203
author: None
title: wpsar-203
date: None
words: 1722
flesch: 44
summary: The case distribution of current avian influenza A(H7N9) cases is also different to reported avian influenza A(H5N1) cases in China (N=45), where the majority were young working age adults (median: 26 years; range 2–62), with no difference in gender (Figure 1).8 Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China: preliminary assessments of the age and sex distribution Perspective Yuzo Arima,a Rongqiang Zu,a Manoj Murhekar,a Sirenda Vong,b Tomoe Shimadaa and the World Health Organization Event Management Team* a Emerging Disease Surveillance and Response, Division of Health Security and Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines.
keywords: age; distribution; health; influenza; sex; world
cache: wpsar-203.htm
plain text: wpsar-203.txt
item: #108 of 447
id: wpsar-204
author: None
title: wpsar-204
date: None
words: 1572
flesch: 51
summary: Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 4(2):4–7. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2013.4.2.008 On 31 March 2013, the National Health and Family Planning Commission, China notified the World Health Organization of three cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) from Shanghai and Anhui.1 As of 7 May, 50 samples were positive for avian influenza A(H7N9): 39 samples from poultry from LBMs in Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Shanghai and Zhejiang provinces (26 chickens, three ducks, four pigeons, six unknown) and 11 environmental samples from LBMs in Shanghai, Henan and Shandong provinces.4 None of the samples from poultry farms or pigs were positive.5 Data on the background rate of exposure to LBMs among the general population in the affected areas are not available.
keywords: avian; cases; health; influenza; lbms; poultry
cache: wpsar-204.htm
plain text: wpsar-204.txt
item: #109 of 447
id: wpsar-205
author: None
title: wpsar-205
date: None
words: 1600
flesch: 47
summary: Avian influenza A(H7N9): information-sharing through government web sites in the Western Pacific Region Perspective Nahoko Harada,aa Nyka Alexandera and Babatunde Olowokurea on behalf of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Event Management Team* a Division of Health Security and Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Avian influenza A(H7N9): information-sharing through government web sites in the Western Pacific Region.
keywords: a(h7n9; health; information; sites; web
cache: wpsar-205.htm
plain text: wpsar-205.txt
item: #110 of 447
id: wpsar-206
author: None
title: wpsar-206
date: None
words: 2095
flesch: 43
summary: Number of suspected dengue cases by week, Solomon Islands, January to May 2013 (n = 5254) Click to download Figure 2. jpg, 298kb Sera from 3141 suspected cases were tested by RDT, and 1220 (39%) were positive. The vector surveillance was implemented to establish the presence and distribution of dengue vectors in Honiara and other provincial capitals where dengue cases were being recorded, including Auki in Malaita Province and Gizo in Western Province.
keywords: cases; dengue; health; honiara; islands; solomon; surveillance
cache: wpsar-206.htm
plain text: wpsar-206.txt
item: #111 of 447
id: wpsar-208
author: None
title: wpsar-208
date: None
words: 2912
flesch: 46
summary: These efforts were assisted by the natural history of infection with SARS coronavirus (CoV), which differed from other respiratory viruses, as its transmission was greatest when illness was most severe and asymptomatic transmission was rare. The world is still facing the ongoing threat from avian influenza A(H5N1) and from new diseases such as the novel coronavirus in the Middle East and A(H7N9) avian influenza in China.
keywords: diseases; health; new; organization; pacific; response; sars; severe; syndrome; world
cache: wpsar-208.htm
plain text: wpsar-208.txt
item: #112 of 447
id: wpsar-210
author: None
title: wpsar-210
date: None
words: 1474
flesch: 36
summary: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted using groEL PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis.7 Primers designed to amplify the partial groEL gene encoding heat-shock protein of Anaplasma phagocytophilum EphplgroELF (5′-ATGGTATGCAGTTTGATCGC-3′) and EphplgroELR (5′-TCTACTCTGTCTTTGCGTTC-3′) were used and expected to yield a 625-bp product for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and for Anaplasma platys, respectively. Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in 14 (6%) of Ixodes persulcatus ticks and four (1%)
keywords: anaplasma; ixodes; mongolia; phagocytophilum; province; ticks
cache: wpsar-210.htm
plain text: wpsar-210.txt
item: #113 of 447
id: wpsar-211
author: None
title: wpsar-211
date: None
words: 4385
flesch: 50
summary: To cite this article: Tompkins D et al. Surveillance for arboviral zoonoses in New Zealand birds. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2007, 55:255–263. doi:10.1080/00480169.2007.36779 pmid:18059642 Mackereth G et al. Vectors and vector borne diseases: ecological research and surveillance development in New Zealand.
keywords: agents; antibodies; australia; birds; diseases; flavivirus; island; journal; new; pcr; potential; samples; table; virus; zealand
cache: wpsar-211.htm
plain text: wpsar-211.txt
item: #114 of 447
id: wpsar-213
author: None
title: wpsar-213
date: None
words: 1301
flesch: 40
summary: IHR event communication exercise in the WHO Western Pacific Region 2012. In December 2012, 21 of 27 NFPs in the Region participated, with over 86% using Annex 2 of IHR (2005) to determine that the exercise scenario required IHR notification; 15 completed the notification within the allocated five-hour time period.
keywords: health; ihr; influenza
cache: wpsar-213.htm
plain text: wpsar-213.txt
item: #115 of 447
id: wpsar-216
author: None
title: wpsar-216
date: None
words: 322
flesch: 48
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2013.4.3.006 The recent report on human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) is very interesting.1 The age distribution of the patients was studied, and Arima et al. mentioned that “it seems unlikely that elderly men are being overly selected.”1 Letter to the Editor: Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China: preliminary assessments of the age and sex distribution Letter to the Editor Viroj Wiwanitkita a Hainan Medical University, People’s Republic of China (e-mail:wviroj@yahoo.com).
keywords: influenza
cache: wpsar-216.htm
plain text: wpsar-216.txt
item: #116 of 447
id: wpsar-217
author: None
title: wpsar-217
date: None
words: 1451
flesch: 48
summary: Prior studies have discussed the role of social media in the early detection of disease outbreaks6–9 and the facilitation of community-level discussion.10 In this perspective, we focus on the use of social media by public health agencies to disseminate and obtain official outbreak information during a public health emergency response. The use of Chinese social media, like weibo, coupled with the necessary Chinese language and cultural knowledge, enabled CDC epidemiologists to gather the Chinese official data so that it could be translated, contextualized and interpreted in an efficient manner during the A(H7N9) emergency response.
keywords: health; influenza; information; media; weibo
cache: wpsar-217.htm
plain text: wpsar-217.txt
item: #117 of 447
id: wpsar-218
author: None
title: wpsar-218
date: None
words: 2711
flesch: 49
summary: Changes in invasive meningococcal disease notification rates by age group, New South Wales, Australia, 1993 to 2002 and 2003 to 2012 Click to download Table 1. jpg, 603kb Case fatality rates Mortality data were available for 366 of 390 IMD notifications between 2008 and 2012, with 19 deaths recorded: three in 0–14 year olds, one in 15–24 year olds, nine in 25–64 year olds and six in those aged 65 years and over. Invasive meningococcal disease notifications by year and age group, New South Wales, Australia, 1993 to 2012 Click to download Figure 1.
keywords: age; australia; disease; imd; meningococcal; serogroup; years
cache: wpsar-218.htm
plain text: wpsar-218.txt
item: #118 of 447
id: wpsar-219
author: None
title: wpsar-219
date: None
words: 1555
flesch: 42
summary: As a result of developing IHR core capacities in the Region, more than 90% of Member States have now established event-based surveillance systems – one such system is described by Dagina et al. Other significant changes included: (1) the legal requirement of Member States to develop national IHR core capacities; (2) the establishment of National IHR Focal Points (NFPs) to facilitate official communications; (3) the notification of any event that may constitute a PHEIC from NFPs to the World Health Organization (WHO) IHR Contact Points; and (4) agreed upon procedures for determining and responding to a PHEIC.3 As one observer has commented, “establishing effective global public health surveillance is at the heart of IHR (2005).”4 IHR (2005) in the WHO Western Pacific Region IHR (2005) has played a vital role in the development and strengthening of national and regional capacities required for detecting, assessing, reporting and responding to acute public health events and emergencies in the WHO Western Pacific Region.
keywords: health; ihr; pacific; region; western
cache: wpsar-219.htm
plain text: wpsar-219.txt
item: #119 of 447
id: wpsar-220
author: None
title: wpsar-220
date: None
words: 4108
flesch: 52
summary: Its occurrence highlights the need to maintain vigilant surveillance systems for early detection and containment of measles cases and to maintain high population immunity to measles through routine childhood immunization. In 2005, the World Health Organization Regional Committee for the Western Pacific, of which Australia is a member, formally declared a goal of measles elimination in the region by 2012.5 It has been suggested that this had been achieved in Australia as early as 1999,4 due to high population immunity achieved through the 1998 measles control campaign and ongoing high two-dose vaccination rates among children since then,4,6 as well as a low incidence rate of measles in Australia with no endemic genotypes of the virus found in Australia since the early 1990s.4,7 However, measles cases acquired overseas are still detected in Australia which occasionally results in small outbreaks with ongoing transmission occurring in under-immunized populations.
keywords: australia; cases; health; measles; mmr; outbreak; pacific; public; south
cache: wpsar-220.htm
plain text: wpsar-220.txt
item: #120 of 447
id: wpsar-221
author: None
title: wpsar-221
date: None
words: 2471
flesch: 47
summary: Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Papua New Guinean poultry, June 2011 to April 2012 Surveillance Report Marinjho Jonduo,a Sook-San Wong,b Nime Kapo,c Paskalis Ominipi,c Mohammad Abdad,a Peter Siba,a Pamela McKenzie,b Richard Webbyb and Paul Horwooda a Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2013.4.4.004 Abstract We investigated the circulation of avian influenza viruses in poultry populations throughout Papua New Guinea to assess the risk to the poultry industry and human health.
keywords: avian; guinea; influenza; new; papua; poultry; samples; surveillance; viruses
cache: wpsar-221.htm
plain text: wpsar-221.txt
item: #121 of 447
id: wpsar-222
author: None
title: wpsar-222
date: None
words: 1042
flesch: 41
summary: and this may be the case for avian influenza A(H7N9). We agree with this statement that is supported through extensive phylogenetic and virological analyses,8 the absence of pre-existing immunity to avian influenza A(H7N9) among high-risk groups before 20139 and the lack of cross-reactive immunity in tested patients previously vaccinated against seasonal influenza viruses.10 As the winter influenza season in the northern hemisphere approaches with the potential for additional cases of avian influenza A(H7N9), it is imperative that investigations continue with regards to the observed skewed age and sex distributions.
keywords: a(h7n9; china; influenza; virus
cache: wpsar-222.htm
plain text: wpsar-222.txt
item: #122 of 447
id: wpsar-223
author: None
title: wpsar-223
date: None
words: 2429
flesch: 45
summary: Cases and non-case carriers of CA-MRSA in School X by outbreak phase and month of onset (for cases) or first identification (for non-case carriers), Hong Kong (China), October 2012 to July 2013 Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 307kb CA-MRSA – Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Laboratory investigations All case isolates (n = 5) and all screening isolates (n = 12) were of spa type t441 and were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin but were sensitive to gentamicin, vancomycin and mupirocin. An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in a boarding school in Hong Kong (China) Outbreak Investigation Report Wong Miu-ling,ab Poon Kwok-ming,ab Wan Yuen-kong,a Chuang Shuk-kwan,a Kwok Lai-keya and Pak Sik-ona a Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong (China).
keywords: cases; hong; kong; mrsa; school; students
cache: wpsar-223.htm
plain text: wpsar-223.txt
item: #123 of 447
id: wpsar-224
author: None
title: wpsar-224
date: None
words: 2406
flesch: 44
summary: Celebrants visiting South Tarawa result in further overcrowding and increased pressure on water, environmental and food hygiene infrastructures. Outbreak epidemic curve of the number of suspected cases, by reported date of illness onset, South Tarawa, Kiribati, July 2013 Click to download Figure 2. jpg, 293kb The majority of cases resided in the villages of Betio and Bairiki at the western end of South Tarawa and Tangintebu and Eita on central South Tarawa.
keywords: cases; health; kiribati; outbreak; rotavirus; south; tarawa
cache: wpsar-224.htm
plain text: wpsar-224.txt
item: #124 of 447
id: wpsar-228
author: None
title: wpsar-228
date: None
words: 3118
flesch: 50
summary: Outbreak alerts are signalled when the number of dengue cases exceeds the historical mean or whenever one or more suspected cases of SD are reported. The number of provinces with a notification rate ≥ 200 per 100 000 increased from one in 2006–2008 to five in 2009 and to 10 in 2010 (the first year that all provinces in the country reported dengue cases).
keywords: cases; data; dengue; laboratory; lao; people; republic; surveillance; table
cache: wpsar-228.htm
plain text: wpsar-228.txt
item: #125 of 447
id: wpsar-229
author: None
title: wpsar-229
date: None
words: 3225
flesch: 48
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.1.002 Abstract Background: After the transition from socialism to a market economy in 1990, human brucellosis re-emerged in Mongolia. Human brucellosis can be effectively controlled if high-coverage livestock mass vaccination is implemented with a coverage survey after the vaccinations to ensure completeness.
keywords: brucellosis; factors; human; mongolia; risk; seroprevalence; study; table
cache: wpsar-229.htm
plain text: wpsar-229.txt
item: #126 of 447
id: wpsar-234
author: None
title: wpsar-234
date: None
words: 193
flesch: 32
summary: Our reviewers for articles published in 2013 were: Bijay Adhikari, Martha Anker, Christian Auer, Aridam Basu, Cynthia Chee, Siddhartha Sankar Datta, Stephanie Davis, Jose Derraik, Maria Nerissa Dominguez, Georgina Dove, Marion Easton, Keith Eastwood, Marsha L Feske, Emma Jane Field, James Fielding, Simon Firestone, Alice Ruth Foxwell, Philippe Glaziou, Richard James Hall, Max Hardiman, Mike Kama, Kamal Kishore, Chia-Hsien Lin, Constance Low, SH Lum, John S Mackenzie, Peter D Massey, Lisa McCallum, Ellen Mitchell, Rodney Moran, Keiko Nakamura, Lee-Ching Ng, Ni Daxin, Akihiro Ohkado, Kosuke Okada, Amy Elizabeth Parry, Beverly Paterson, Z Qiaoli, John Rainford, Maria Conception Rey Roces, John Stanley Rule, Mika Saito, Marcel Salanthe, Gina Samaan, Saraswathi Bina Rai, Jacques Sebert, Shi Lizheng, Shoji Yoshimatsu, Shuko Nagai, Kevin Soli, Pawel Stefanoff, Motoi Suzuki, A Tamaru, Betsy Todd, Daniel Michael Tompkins, Huu Dat Tran, Raman Velayudhan, Polly Wallace, Wang Xu, Xing Jun, Dongbao Yu, Aysha Zahidie, Weigong Zhang Acknowledgement to WPSAR reviewers 2013 The WPSAR Editorial Team is grateful to all reviewers that have contributed their time and expertise to peer-review our articles.
keywords: john; reviewers; wpsar
cache: wpsar-234.htm
plain text: wpsar-234.txt
item: #127 of 447
id: wpsar-235
author: None
title: wpsar-235
date: None
words: 3689
flesch: 33
summary: Ortiz JR et al. Strategy to enhance influenza surveillance worldwide. Influenza surveillance and immunisation in New Zealand, 1997–2006.
keywords: cases; data; definition; health; hospital; influenza; new; patients; sari; surveillance; zealand
cache: wpsar-235.htm
plain text: wpsar-235.txt
item: #128 of 447
id: wpsar-237
author: None
title: wpsar-237
date: None
words: 3765
flesch: 54
summary: We studied newborn care practices among mothers in Mewat, Haryana, having a high NMR and determined risk factors for unsafe practices and described the knowledge and skills of ASHAs during home visits. Awareness and adoption of newborn care practices among mothers in Mewat, Haryana, India, 2013 (n = 320) Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 413kb The common reasons stated by mothers for non-adoption of safe practices were that they prefer to follow tradition, advice/influence of local TBAs (midwives), family pressure and personal choice besides medical reasons.
keywords: ashas; care; haryana; health; home; india; mothers; newborn; practices; study; visits
cache: wpsar-237.htm
plain text: wpsar-237.txt
item: #129 of 447
id: wpsar-242
author: None
title: wpsar-242
date: None
words: 1374
flesch: 52
summary: Brief History of HIV Surveillance in Viet Nam HIV testing started in Viet Nam in 1988 in four large cities: Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City and included all provinces in 1996. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2015, 6(1):52–54. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.1.008 Abstract In this report we describe a new approach in HIV sentinel surveillance that was piloted in Viet Nam in 2009 and is currently being rolled out in all provinces.
keywords: hiv; nam; surveillance; viet
cache: wpsar-242.htm
plain text: wpsar-242.txt
item: #130 of 447
id: wpsar-243
author: None
title: wpsar-243
date: None
words: 4941
flesch: 45
summary: Associations between age-specific testing and notification rates by sex, New South Wales, Australia, 2000 to 2010 Click to download Figure 2. jpg, 488kb After adjusting for chlamydia testing rates, socioeconomic status, remoteness and Medicare provider density, chlamydia notification rates decreased on average by 3.9% (CI: 0.09–6.9) for males and 5.5% (CI: 3.7–7.3) for females per annum over the study period. CI, confidence interval; LR, likelihood ratio; DF, degrees of freedom; p, probability value; and MPD, medicare provider density Figure 3. Testing-adjusted chlamydia notification trend rate ratios for males in low, middling and high Medicare provider density areas, New South Wales, Australia, 2000 to 2010 Click to download Figure 3. jpg, 291kb Demographic and LGA level effects After adjusting for chlamydia testing rates, socioeconomic status, remoteness and Medicare provider density, increasing age was associated with decreasing notification rates in both males and females.
keywords: age; australia; chlamydia; health; new; notification; rates; south; testing; wales
cache: wpsar-243.htm
plain text: wpsar-243.txt
item: #131 of 447
id: wpsar-245
author: None
title: wpsar-245
date: None
words: 2500
flesch: 53
summary: The pickles had been consumed by most cases, and most compelling, the same PFGE pattern was observed from nursing home cases, Company A cases and samples of the pickles. A large outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157, caused by low-salt pickled Napa cabbage in nursing homes, Japan, 2012 Outbreak Investigation Report Ayako Tabuchi,a Taku Wakui,a Yuichiro Yahata,b Koichi Yano,c Kotaro Azuma,c Takuya Yamagishi,b Kazutoshi Nakashima,b Tomimasa Sunagawa,b Tamano Matsuib and Kazunori Oishib a Field Epidemiology Training Programme of Japan, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
keywords: cases; food; homes; japan; nursing; o157; pickles
cache: wpsar-245.htm
plain text: wpsar-245.txt
item: #132 of 447
id: wpsar-248
author: None
title: wpsar-248
date: None
words: 2655
flesch: 48
summary: Both rectal swabs and municipal water samples tested positive for Aeromonas hydrophila. Microbiological effectiveness and cost of boiling to disinfect drinking water in rural Vietnam.
keywords: cases; gastroenteritis; kananga; municipal; outbreak; system; water
cache: wpsar-248.htm
plain text: wpsar-248.txt
item: #133 of 447
id: wpsar-251
author: None
title: wpsar-251
date: None
words: 1618
flesch: 35
summary: Collecting COB data, though limited in scope, has helped to identify a differential disease burden in recently arrived migrants or refugees, leading to national targeted prevention and treatment programmes for migrants emigrating from countries with high-burden disease, e.g. tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B in South Asian migrants.4 While COB helps to identify disease risk in newly arrived refugees or migrants, communicable disease risk related to ethnocultural group remains underexplored for generations of Australian-born residents. However, the collection of data on ancestry or ethnicity for defining communicable disease risk in multicultural groups (above and beyond COB and LSH) is warranted in Australia, particularly as social and cultural practices influence disease risk, in combination with a variety of other factors.9 The collection of data according to the ABS Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups10 in our routine communicable diseases surveillance would be valuable for estimating disease risk in generations of Australians that identify with particular cultural and/or ancestral groups.
keywords: australia; data; disease; health; new; south
cache: wpsar-251.htm
plain text: wpsar-251.txt
item: #134 of 447
id: wpsar-253
author: None
title: wpsar-253
date: None
words: 2780
flesch: 45
summary: Map indicating TB case notification rate (new and relapse) per 100 000 population in countries and areas of the Western Pacific Region, 2012 Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 590kb Between 2002 and 2007, case notification rates in the Region increased from 47 to 77 per 100 000 population in all forms of TB and from 22 to 38 per 100 000 population in new smear-positive TB cases. Figure 2. TB case notification rate (all forms and new smear-positive) per 100 000 population in the Western Pacific Region, 2000–2012 Click to download Figure 2. jpg, 310kb Distribution by age and sex Figure 3 shows age- and sex-specific case notification rates of new smear-positive cases for the seven countries with a high burden of TB in the Region (note that the scale of the vertical axis is different for each country).
keywords: countries; figure; notification; pacific; region; western
cache: wpsar-253.htm
plain text: wpsar-253.txt
item: #135 of 447
id: wpsar-255
author: None
title: wpsar-255
date: None
words: 1746
flesch: 48
summary: Ongoing increase in measles cases following importations, Japan, March 2014: times of challenge and opportunity Brief Report Takuri Takahashi,a Yuzo Arima,a Hitomi Kinoshita,a Kazuhiko Kanou,a Takehito Saitoh,a Tomimasa Sunagawa,a Hiroaki Ito,a Atsuhiro Kanayama,a Ayako Tabuchi,a Kazutoshi Nakashima,a Yuichiro Yahata,a Takuya Yamagishi,a Tamie Sugawara,a Yasushi Ohkusa,a Tamano Matsui,a Satoru Arai,a Hiroshi Satoh,a Keiko Tanaka-Taya,a Katsuhiro Komase,b Makoto Takedab and Kazunori Oishia a Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Ongoing increase in measles cases following importations, Japan, March 2014: times of challenge and opportunity.
keywords: cases; health; japan; march; measles
cache: wpsar-255.htm
plain text: wpsar-255.txt
item: #136 of 447
id: wpsar-256
author: None
title: wpsar-256
date: None
words: 2550
flesch: 51
summary: In a recent study in the highlands of the country, Shigella was isolated from 22% of patients (adults and children) presenting to an urban clinic or hospital outpatients with diarrhoea/dysentery; with S. flexneri the most common species detected.9 Similarly, a molecular-based study detected Shigella as the most common pathogen in children (less than five years old) hospitalized with acute watery diarrhoea in the same setting.10 An outbreak of shigellosis, attributed to S. flexneri serotype 3, was reported in a remote region of Papua New Guinea in 2009, complicated by a concurrent outbreak of H3N2 influenza.11 These findings are of great importance given the lack of a vaccine to prevent infection with Shigella and the increasing antibiotic resistance of Shigella globally, including Papua New Guinea.9,12 In this study, the low isolation and detection rates of Shigella from outbreak samples were probably due to the extended time between sample collection and laboratory testing (more than a week). Concurrent influenza and shigellosis outbreaks, Papua New Guinea, 2009.
keywords: cases; guinea; health; new; outbreak; papua; shigella; shigellosis
cache: wpsar-256.htm
plain text: wpsar-256.txt
item: #137 of 447
id: wpsar-257
author: None
title: wpsar-257
date: None
words: 3100
flesch: 51
summary: Invasive meningococcal disease case notifications were at their lowest rates since case notification began in 1991. Number and rate per 100 000 population of case notifications for selected vaccine-preventable diseases, New South Wales, Australia, 1991 to 2012 Click to download Table 1. jpg, 815kb NN, not notifiable; ID, incomplete data.
keywords: cases; disease; health; notifications; nsw; vaccine; years
cache: wpsar-257.htm
plain text: wpsar-257.txt
item: #138 of 447
id: wpsar-259
author: None
title: wpsar-259
date: None
words: 3054
flesch: 52
summary: During the same period the Viet Nam NTP focused on improving TB case finding by engaging private and public facilities outside the NTP; improving chest X-ray (CXR) availability and quality; introducing activities to reach presumptive TB cases in remote areas; and through advocacy, communication and social mobilization activities. These data support the hypothesis that the difference in TB notification rates in males and females in Viet Nam reflects a true difference in disease occurrence rather than a difference in access to diagnosis and treatment as previous studies have suggested.11 The higher male-to-female ratio in the prevalence survey compared to the notification data suggests lower case detection in males compared with females.
keywords: cases; nam; notification; smear; viet
cache: wpsar-259.htm
plain text: wpsar-259.txt
item: #139 of 447
id: wpsar-260
author: None
title: wpsar-260
date: None
words: 3334
flesch: 47
summary: Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007:1–28. Dejpichai R et al. Seroprevalence of antibodies to avian influenza virus A(H5N1) among residents of villages with human cases, Thailand, 2005. Seroprevalence survey of avian influenza A(H5N1) among live poultry market workers in northern Viet Nam, 2011 Original Research Tham Chi Dung,a Pham Ngoc Dinh,a Vu Sinh Nam,b Luong Minh Tan,a Nguyen Le Khanh Hang,a Le Thi Thanha and Le Quynh Maia a National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam. b Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam. Correspondence to Le Quynh Mailom9@nihe.org.vn or lom9@hotmail.com).
keywords: a(h5n1; avian; human; influenza; nam; pmws; poultry; viet; viruses
cache: wpsar-260.htm
plain text: wpsar-260.txt
item: #140 of 447
id: wpsar-262
author: None
title: wpsar-262
date: None
words: 1920
flesch: 47
summary: Introduction Campylobacter spp. have been recognized as gastrointestinal pathogens in both developed and developing countries and are ubiquitous in food animals such as poultry, cattle, pigs, sheep, ostriches and shellfish and in pets such as cats and dogs.1 Patients with campylobacteriosis present with symptoms similar to those seen in other enteric infections, and while symptoms are usually self-limiting, in severe cases symptoms may last for 5 to 7 days.2 Data on campylobacteriosis not exist in many developing countries due to the lack of surveillance programmes for Campylobacter infections. It has been reported that Campylobacter infections in developing countries are more frequently reported in children under five years of age and often regarded as a paediatric disease.3 Based upon current studies, the rates of campylobacteriosis in the general population are an estimated 90 cases per 100 000 population in both developing and developed countries.3 Diarrhoeal disease is notifiable in Fiji; approximately 22 753 diarrhoeal cases and 281 cases of diarrhoea with blood were reported by the Ministry of Health in Fiji in 2011.4 Salmonella typhi infections, classified as enteric fever, were detected in 404 of these cases;4 however, no other pathogen-specific data were reported.
keywords: campylobacter; fiji; laboratories; pcr; samples; study
cache: wpsar-262.htm
plain text: wpsar-262.txt
item: #141 of 447
id: wpsar-263
author: None
title: wpsar-263
date: None
words: 3305
flesch: 37
summary: PSE are key information for advocacy, setting targets for prevention, service delivery and estimating resource needs at national and subnational levels.1 To help countries measure key population sizes, global guidelines were updated in 2011 to reflect new technical developments and recent field experiences in applying these methods.2 National-level PSE are essential for epidemic models used to project the magnitude and trends of HIV epidemics and are key to building indicators required for programme M&E. Other countries (e.g. Viet Nam and Nepal) used key population survey data on the proportion of respondents who were not reached by interventions as the inflation factor.
keywords: countries; hiv; key; men; populations; pse; sex; size; table
cache: wpsar-263.htm
plain text: wpsar-263.txt
item: #142 of 447
id: wpsar-264
author: None
title: wpsar-264
date: None
words: 3232
flesch: 34
summary: Consequence of infection Although generally self-limiting, adverse outcomes in the elderly as a result of Campylobacter infection do occur. Population-attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection, Australia.
keywords: animal; campylobacter; control; facility; health; infection; puppy; residents; risk; transmission
cache: wpsar-264.htm
plain text: wpsar-264.txt
item: #143 of 447
id: wpsar-266
author: None
title: wpsar-266
date: None
words: 1927
flesch: 43
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.2.011 The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC) through its Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) programme provides a model for field epidemiology training programmes (FETPs) and has spawned FETPs worldwide.1 The unique training provided by FETPs equips graduates to respond to public health emergencies in the field, including establishing surveillance and investigating outbreaks of disease. Infectious diseases such as measles, vector-borne diseases and cholera have a potential to spread rapidly and are a challenge in the Region.3,4 Natural disasters and the regional response capacity Over the last decade, the Western Pacific Region has faced various natural disasters resulting in public health emergencies affecting both developed and developing countries.
keywords: arm; capacity; health; national; network; response
cache: wpsar-266.htm
plain text: wpsar-266.txt
item: #144 of 447
id: wpsar-274
author: None
title: wpsar-274
date: None
words: 4724
flesch: 60
summary: Between 2008 and 2013 the total number of malaria cases detected annually decreased by 86.5%, Pf by 96.7% and Pv by 65.3%. Conclusion: The decline in malaria cases in the AAH catchment area has been spectacular, particularly for Pf.
keywords: aah; api; area; cases; data; health; islands; malaria; solomon; table
cache: wpsar-274.htm
plain text: wpsar-274.txt
item: #145 of 447
id: wpsar-275
author: None
title: wpsar-275
date: None
words: 1468
flesch: 39
summary: As such, it is essential that laboratory capacity be in place for the detection of MERS-CoV. Several laboratories worldwide established molecular detection of MERS-CoV by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) early in the outbreak. The survey was administered after nearly two years of activities aimed at building laboratory capacity for MERS-CoV detection and sought to determine preparedness of countries for MERS-CoV testing.
keywords: cov; laboratories; mers; testing
cache: wpsar-275.htm
plain text: wpsar-275.txt
item: #146 of 447
id: wpsar-276
author: None
title: wpsar-276
date: None
words: 2357
flesch: 44
summary: This has since been used within the Communicable Diseases Control section of ACT Health for other public health issues.12 The World Health Organization has published guidelines for the rapid assessment of public health events,13 and these are expected to be a useful framework for risk assessment to inform public health decision-making. Risk assessment methodology To inform the risk assessment, published literature on HEV was reviewed.
keywords: food; health; hev; public; risk; transmission
cache: wpsar-276.htm
plain text: wpsar-276.txt
item: #147 of 447
id: wpsar-277
author: None
title: wpsar-277
date: None
words: 4047
flesch: 48
summary: In New South Wales from 2010 to 2013, there were 323 measles notifications with large outbreaks occurring in both 2011 and 2012.2 There were 168 cases in the 2012 measles outbreak in New South Wales,3 with most cases occurring in south-western and western Sydney with an overrepresentation among people of Pacific island descent.3 The 2011 measles outbreak in western Sydney also disproportionally affected the Pacific island population, with 46% of the 26 cases being of Pacific island descent.4 “Pacific island population” refers to people from the islands of Melanesia, the Federated States of Micronesia and Polynesia,5 although populations from these different regions are heterogeneous with diverse cultures, languages and religions.5 Australia has sizable Pacific island communities in Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane.6 The Blacktown Local Government Area is the largest in New South Wales by population with 312 479 residents7 and is multicultural with 38% of all residents reporting they were born overseas and 37% of residents speaking a primary language other than English.8 Samoan is the fifth most common language spoken at home9 and is ranked as the 12th (4624 people) most common ancestry, followed by Fijian at 13th (4105) and Maori at 15th (3282).10 Using ancestry, which is the cultural association and ethnic background of an individual going back three generations, provides a more accurate reflection of Pacific island population size than country of birth.6 To date, very little research has been undertaken into immunization among Pacific island communities in Australia. Methods: Interviews were conducted with Pacific island community members (N = 12) and health professionals connected with the Pacific island community (N = 7) in 2013.
keywords: church; clinics; community; health; immunization; island; new; pacific; sydney
cache: wpsar-277.htm
plain text: wpsar-277.txt
item: #148 of 447
id: wpsar-279
author: None
title: wpsar-279
date: None
words: 3945
flesch: 53
summary: Reported cases of acute febrile illness per week by affected island, 5 August to 4 November 2012, Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia (n = 168) Click to download Figure 2. jpg, 348kb Clinical features The age and sex distribution of cases with symptom information (n = 55) was similar to the age and sex distribution in all cases (n = 168). Due to the increase of and concern over concurrent dengue outbreaks in other Federated States of Micronesia states, clinicians commenced filling in patient encounter forms for suspected dengue cases using a case definition of: acute fever of at least 38 °C with two or more of the following: nausea, vomiting, severe headaches, orbital pain, joint pain, rash, haemorrhage, signs of leucopoenia.
keywords: cases; chuuk; clinical; dengue; health; island; micronesia; outbreak; pain; states; symptoms
cache: wpsar-279.htm
plain text: wpsar-279.txt
item: #149 of 447
id: wpsar-283
author: None
title: wpsar-283
date: None
words: 4055
flesch: 55
summary: The median incubation period from turtle consumption to illness was two days (range = 2 hours to 13 days) (Figure 3). Residents were not aware of any hazard associated with consuming sea turtles.
keywords: case; consumption; figure; hawksbill; illness; micronesia; murilo; october; states; turtle
cache: wpsar-283.htm
plain text: wpsar-283.txt
item: #150 of 447
id: wpsar-285
author: None
title: wpsar-285
date: None
words: 1755
flesch: 48
summary: While the most competent mosquito species for dengue virus transmission is believed to be Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus is also a competent vector present in much of Japan during the warmer months. Autochthonous dengue virus infection in Japan imported into Germany, September 2013.
keywords: cases; dengue; health; japan; tokyo
cache: wpsar-285.htm
plain text: wpsar-285.txt
item: #151 of 447
id: wpsar-286
author: None
title: wpsar-286
date: None
words: 1996
flesch: 53
summary: TG participants reported younger age at sexual debut compared to MSM (16 or younger (P P Table 1). Interviews were conducted in the local language; the questionnaire included items about socio-demographics, sexual risk behaviours, previous diagnoses of any STI, prior STI symptoms and treatment-seeking behaviour.
keywords: men; msm; pacific; sex; vanuatu
cache: wpsar-286.htm
plain text: wpsar-286.txt
item: #152 of 447
id: wpsar-287
author: None
title: wpsar-287
date: None
words: 3105
flesch: 51
summary: In the Asia subregion, both the notification rate and the absolute number of reported dengue cases were highest in the Philippines (Table 1). Number of reported dengue cases and case fatality rates in the Western Pacific Region, 2000 to 2012* Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 304kb Source: World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific.
keywords: cases; dengue; pacific; region; surveillance; table; western
cache: wpsar-287.htm
plain text: wpsar-287.txt
item: #153 of 447
id: wpsar-288
author: None
title: wpsar-288
date: None
words: 1209
flesch: 39
summary: This highlights the importance of enterovirus surveillance for detection of the importation of new genotypes such as EV-C105, thus allowing a better understanding of the roles they play in disease. The aims of this network are (1) to identify the circulation patterns of enterovirus genotypes and predominant strains; (2) to describe clinical diseases associated with circulating genotypes; (3) to detect enterovirus outbreaks to assist with public health intervention; and finally (4) to supplement the national poliovirus surveillance programme.
keywords: c105; enterovirus; new; zealand
cache: wpsar-288.htm
plain text: wpsar-288.txt
item: #154 of 447
id: wpsar-289
author: None
title: wpsar-289
date: None
words: 3457
flesch: 44
summary: In 2013, the total number of TB notifications in children was 6916 (17.7% of all notified TB cases), of which 87.0% and 12.1% were extrapulmonary and smear-negative, respectively. Scatterplot of TB case notification rate in adults and children by province, Cambodia, 2013 Click to download Figure 8. jpg, 375kb Red dots represent provinces with routine childhood TB services available in 2013 while, blue dots represent provinces with routine childhood TB services unavailable in 2013.
keywords: cambodia; case; figure; population; rate; smear
cache: wpsar-289.htm
plain text: wpsar-289.txt
item: #155 of 447
id: wpsar-290
author: None
title: wpsar-290
date: None
words: 2528
flesch: 48
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.4.006 Abstract Objective: A cluster of suspected hepatitis A cases was notified to the Fiji Ministry of Health on 22 October 2013. The significant majority (93%) of hepatitis A cases were Fijians of Indian descent.
keywords: cases; fiji; health; hepatitis; outbreak; subdivision; water
cache: wpsar-290.htm
plain text: wpsar-290.txt
item: #156 of 447
id: wpsar-291
author: None
title: wpsar-291
date: None
words: 4684
flesch: 54
summary: Of these, 2379 were reported among new TB cases, representing 4% of the estimated 53 000 MDR-TB cases among TB new cases; 5664 were reported among previously treated TB cases, representing 31% of the estimated 18 000 MDR-TB among previously treated TB cases. MDR-TB cases can either be previously treated TB cases that develop resistance due to inadequate, incomplete or poor treatment quality (secondary drug resistance) or newly diagnosed TB cases infected with a drug-resistant TB strain (primary drug resistance).
keywords: cases; countries; mdr; pacific; region; treatment; western
cache: wpsar-291.htm
plain text: wpsar-291.txt
item: #157 of 447
id: wpsar-292
author: None
title: wpsar-292
date: None
words: 3613
flesch: 53
summary: The highest notification rates were reported in Northern New South Wales LHD where vaccination coverage rates are the lowest in New South Wales.7 The number of notified cases of invasive meningococcal disease has declined significantly since the National Meningococcal C Immunization Programme commenced in 2003.8 Serogroup B remains predominant in New South Wales; however, the largest serogroup-specific reduction in meningococcal notifications in 2013 compared to 2012 was for serogroup B notifications in the absence of vaccination.9 The death in an elderly person due to serogroup Y is a reminder of increased mortality in the elderly, particularly for this serogroup.10 New South Wales annual vaccine-preventable disease report, 2013 Surveillance Report Alexander Rosewell,a Paula Spokesa and Robin Gilmoura a Health Protection Unit, New South Wales, North Sydney, Australia.
keywords: cases; disease; health; new; south; vaccine; wales; years
cache: wpsar-292.htm
plain text: wpsar-292.txt
item: #158 of 447
id: wpsar-293
author: None
title: wpsar-293
date: None
words: 4867
flesch: 54
summary: The test was developed by WHO consultants and piloted on RITM medical and nursing staff; the RITM evaluation form is used routinely for all workshops, and the EVD-specific evaluation form was a modification of the Johns Hopkins Hospital form used for EVD training workshops. Ebola virus disease cases among health care workers not working in ebola treatment units - Liberia, June-August, 2014.
keywords: disease; ebola; evd; health; hospitals; knowledge; participants; philippines; post; table; training; virus; workshop
cache: wpsar-293.htm
plain text: wpsar-293.txt
item: #159 of 447
id: wpsar-294
author: None
title: wpsar-294
date: None
words: 3263
flesch: 38
summary: Analysis was conducted for all countries and separately for Asian countries and Pacific island countries. Asian countries and Pacific island countries differed in their overall responses, with the Pacific island countries registering lower than their Asian counterparts in every component.
keywords: countries; evd; health; island; pacific; western
cache: wpsar-294.htm
plain text: wpsar-294.txt
item: #160 of 447
id: wpsar-295
author: None
title: wpsar-295
date: None
words: 4615
flesch: 49
summary: Methods: This was a descriptive study of incident TB cases reported annually by Pacific island national TB programmes to WHO. A relapse TB patient was defined as one who was previously treated for TB, declared cured and has a recurrent episode of TB.14 Treatment success was calculated by summing TB cases who were cured and who completed treatment and dividing by the total number of notified cases for that particular year.
keywords: countries; data; guinea; health; island; new; pacific; papua
cache: wpsar-295.htm
plain text: wpsar-295.txt
item: #161 of 447
id: wpsar-297
author: None
title: wpsar-297
date: None
words: 2186
flesch: 40
summary: We continued medical surveillance after the contacts had returned to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and provided risk communications to Hong Kong Special Administrative Region general public. International Health Regulations (2005) facilitate communication for in-flight contacts of a Middle East respiratory syndrome case, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 2014 Case Report Poon Kwok-ming,ab Wong Miu-ling,ab Leung Yiu-hong,a Sin Ka-wai,a To May-kei Lizaa and Chuang Shuk-kwana a Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
keywords: administrative; health; hong; region; special
cache: wpsar-297.htm
plain text: wpsar-297.txt
item: #162 of 447
id: wpsar-298
author: Shield, Jennifer; Aland, Kieran; Kearns, Therese; Gongdjalk, Glenda; Holt, Deborah; Currie, Bart; Provic, Paul
title: Intestinal parasites of children and adults in a remote Aboriginal community of the Northern Territory, Australia, 1994–1996
date: 2015-03-06
words: 5390
flesch: 55
summary: Intestinal parasite infections in Western Australian Aborigines. The prevalence of hookworm infection, iron deficiency and anaemia in an aboriginal community in north-west Australia.
keywords: aboriginal; australia; children; community; health; hookworm; infection; parasites; percentage; species; stercoralis; trichiura
cache: wpsar-298.pdf
plain text: wpsar-298.txt
item: #163 of 447
id: wpsar-299
author: None
title: wpsar-299
date: None
words: 2110
flesch: 58
summary: Dose-dependent relationship was noted between amount of turtle meat consumed and the risk of illness. In the cohort study, consumption of turtle meat and turtle meat soup were associated with illness.
keywords: cases; meat; philippines; sea; turtle
cache: wpsar-299.htm
plain text: wpsar-299.txt
item: #164 of 447
id: wpsar-301
author: None
title: wpsar-301
date: None
words: 2158
flesch: 54
summary: We interviewed cases and controls using a standard questionnaire which included information on water sources, hygiene and sanitation practices and other environmental factors. Water sources from the most affected villages and the Level III water system were assessed.
keywords: cases; cholera; health; nabua; outbreak; water
cache: wpsar-301.htm
plain text: wpsar-301.txt
item: #165 of 447
id: wpsar-302
author: None
title: wpsar-302
date: None
words: 2164
flesch: 51
summary: As a result of this outbreak, dinoflagellate and saxitoxin surveillance was established, and since the outbreak, there have been no harmful algal blooms event or PSP case reported since. The Philippines has the highest number of PSP cases reported in Asia5 with 2124 PSP cases and 120 deaths reported from 1983 to 2002.
keywords: cases; green; mussel; outbreak; poisoning; psp; shellfish
cache: wpsar-302.htm
plain text: wpsar-302.txt
item: #166 of 447
id: wpsar-303
author: None
title: wpsar-303
date: None
words: 1944
flesch: 46
summary: Investigation of chikungunya fever outbreak in Laguna, Philippines, 2012 Outbreak Investigation Report Julius Erving Ballera,ab Ma Justina Zapanta,ab Vikki Carr de los Reyes,b Ma Nemia Sucalditob and Enrique Tayagb a Field Epidemiology Training Program, Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Sta Cruz, Manila, Philippines. Philippines: Team sent to investigate chikungunya outbreak.
keywords: cases; chikungunya; city; investigation; outbreak; philippines
cache: wpsar-303.htm
plain text: wpsar-303.txt
item: #167 of 447
id: wpsar-304
author: None
title: wpsar-304
date: None
words: 2365
flesch: 46
summary: A range of food samples and environmental swabs were collected including samples of boiled rice remaining from the tour group’s breakfast. Food samples were assessed in accordance with the Food Standards Australia New Zealand Ready to Eat Guidelines.7 Environmental swabs were collected and cultured for the presence of Escherichia coli, S. aureus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella spp.
keywords: aureus; food; health; outbreak; poisoning; staphylococcal
cache: wpsar-304.htm
plain text: wpsar-304.txt
item: #168 of 447
id: wpsar-305
author: None
title: wpsar-305
date: None
words: 3440
flesch: 42
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.1.009 Abstract Objective: To assess the public health risk posed by the ongoing Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in West Africa to Pacific island countries and areas and to highlight priority risk management actions for preparedness and response. Method: The likelihood of EVD importation and the magnitude of public health impact in Pacific island countries and areas were assessed to determine overall risk.
keywords: areas; assessment; countries; ebola; evd; health; island; pacific; risk; virus
cache: wpsar-305.htm
plain text: wpsar-305.txt
item: #169 of 447
id: wpsar-306
author: None
title: wpsar-306
date: None
words: 1884
flesch: 56
summary: Discussion Despite many local officials speculating that seafood and water were the sources of this outbreak, the results show that men who drank toddy were more likely to be hepatitis A cases. Univariate analysis of case control study, Manjung, Perak, Malaysia, October 2012 Click to download Table 1. jpg, 878kb CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
keywords: cases; food; health; hepatitis; investigation; toddy
cache: wpsar-306.htm
plain text: wpsar-306.txt
item: #170 of 447
id: wpsar-307
author: None
title: wpsar-307
date: None
words: 3655
flesch: 46
summary: Two data sets were employed for our analysis: a line listing of confirmed cases obtained from conventional public health information channels and case information from Weibo posts. We envisage significant potential for social media surveillance to be incorporated into mainstream disease surveillance and response systems.
keywords: a(h7n9; cases; health; information; media; public; social; surveillance; weibo
cache: wpsar-307.htm
plain text: wpsar-307.txt
item: #171 of 447
id: wpsar-310
author: None
title: wpsar-310
date: None
words: 4618
flesch: 57
summary: This is the first report of HIV knowledge and of people’s intentions to access HIV services at AAH in East Malaita. Although results provided local evidence for local response, ongoing health system challenges and little local HIV transmission meant HIV services remain rudimentary.
keywords: aah; community; health; hiv; islands; kwaio; people; research; services; solomon; study
cache: wpsar-310.htm
plain text: wpsar-310.txt
item: #172 of 447
id: wpsar-316
author: None
title: wpsar-316
date: None
words: 4610
flesch: 50
summary: The use of a single faecal sample will underestimate the prevalence of STH.36 The lack of funds and time and difficulties for village residents to provide samples when using open forest or coastal areas for defaecation limited the survey to a single sample per participant. Abitona, Na’au and Sifilo are typical Solomon Islands rural villages within five kilometres of Atoifi (Figure 1).
keywords: abitona; atoifi; east; health; hookworm; islands; kwaio; na’au; prevalence; residents; solomon; sth; tropical; villages
cache: wpsar-316.htm
plain text: wpsar-316.txt
item: #173 of 447
id: wpsar-317
author: None
title: wpsar-317
date: None
words: 4579
flesch: 40
summary: Characteristics of modules used in EQA of dengue diagnostics, WHO Western Pacific Region, 2013 Click to download Table 1. jpg, 370kb * B2013-S01 and B2013-S02 were the same sample collected from a recently recovered dengue patient used to assess the reproducibility of laboratory results. Quantitative data (RT-PCR cycle threshold values and ELISA values) submitted were used for reference and for assessing reproducibility of laboratory results.
keywords: anti; dengue; denv; eqa; health; laboratories; laboratory; national; pacific; region; results; samples; western
cache: wpsar-317.htm
plain text: wpsar-317.txt
item: #174 of 447
id: wpsar-319
author: None
title: wpsar-319
date: None
words: 1617
flesch: 41
summary: Complementary to more traditional methods, social media trends can help to quantify changes in disease awareness,14 and sentiments towards treatments and preventive interventions.15 Reaction to public health campaigns and messages Analyses of social media data pertaining to specific health-promotion events can provide useful insights to public health professionals as they evaluate their campaigns.16 Strengths and limitations of social media data In societies where penetration of social media is high, analyses of social media data can be compared to large-scale observational population-based epidemiologic studies. There could also be observer effects, as the awareness of Internet surveillance and the fear of retribution may render social media users unwilling to share epidemiologic information, especially in countries where real-name registration of social media is required.17 The balance between sharing public health information and protecting citizens’ privacy remains an ethical challenge for public health agencies.
keywords: data; disease; health; media; social; surveillance
cache: wpsar-319.htm
plain text: wpsar-319.txt
item: #175 of 447
id: wpsar-322
author: None
title: wpsar-322
date: None
words: 2819
flesch: 51
summary: Methodology: Medical records of neonatal tetanus cases from 17 hospitals over a 13-year period (2000–2012) were reviewed for potential risk factors. Neonatal tetanus cases diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012 were identified from the medical records departments; all diagnoses were made and recorded by clinical doctors from the hospitals.
keywords: birth; china; delivery; factors; hospital; neonatal; risk; tetanus; wenzhou
cache: wpsar-322.htm
plain text: wpsar-322.txt
item: #176 of 447
id: wpsar-327
author: None
title: wpsar-327
date: None
words: 711
flesch: 47
summary: Case distribution after consuming turtle meat or soup, Sorsogon, Philippines, 8 to 10 October 2014 (n = 6) Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 210kb According to the investigation results, we did not find any association between dose of turtle meat ingested and probability of survival. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2015, 6(2):90–91. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.1.021 Recently, a chelonitoxism (turtle poisoning) outbreak in Arteche, Eastern Samar, Philippines was featured by the Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal (WPSAR) describing the dangers of turtle meat consumption.1
keywords: chelonitoxism; philippines; turtle
cache: wpsar-327.htm
plain text: wpsar-327.txt
item: #177 of 447
id: wpsar-328
author: None
title: wpsar-328
date: None
words: 3591
flesch: 45
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.1.022 Abstract Introduction: Influenza B viruses circulate throughout Viet Nam, and their activities vary by region. There have been two antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses co-circulating in the past 20 years; however, only one lineage is selected as a component of contemporary trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines.
keywords: influenza; isolates; lineages; nam; strains; surveillance; vaccine; viet; viruses; yamagata
cache: wpsar-328.htm
plain text: wpsar-328.txt
item: #178 of 447
id: wpsar-329
author: None
title: wpsar-329
date: None
words: 2535
flesch: 56
summary: Number of measles cases presented to AAH, July to December 2014 Click to download Figure 2. Measles cases attending the hospital were provided with a separate entrance and cared for in an isolation ward with restricted visitor numbers.
keywords: cases; health; islands; kwaio; measles; outbreak; solomon
cache: wpsar-329.htm
plain text: wpsar-329.txt
item: #179 of 447
id: wpsar-330
author: None
title: wpsar-330
date: None
words: 2848
flesch: 56
summary: For EBS, the community health extension workers (HEWs) instructed HDAs to report any communicable disease outbreaks and unusual health events to health posts (HPs) and HCs, particularly events with multiple deaths from unknown causes. Of the 126 rumours that were reported, 81 (64%) were verified and found to be true public health events, 16 (13%) were ruled out and 29 (23%) did not have records on the results of investigation.
keywords: community; hcs; health; rumours; study; surveillance
cache: wpsar-330.htm
plain text: wpsar-330.txt
item: #180 of 447
id: wpsar-332
author: None
title: wpsar-332
date: None
words: 5043
flesch: 53
summary: In the future, researchers can also investigate how photo and video links in Weibo posts may attract more attention and determine the characteristics of Weibo users who are more likely to repost health communication messages. The purpose of this study is to provide a qualitative content analysis of Weibo posts that helps generate hypotheses about social media health promotion.
keywords: analysis; china; chinese; data; ghd; global; handwashing; health; media; posts; promotion; public; social; table; weibo
cache: wpsar-332.htm
plain text: wpsar-332.txt
item: #181 of 447
id: wpsar-335
author: None
title: wpsar-335
date: None
words: 2516
flesch: 44
summary: Introduction Disasters challenge the capacity of surveillance systems in a variety of ways, including damage to communication infrastructure, closure of health-care facilities, unavailability of surveillance staff, loss of laboratory facilities and distractions by other prioritized response activities. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group.
keywords: disease; epidemiology; haiyan; health; reporting; surveillance; system
cache: wpsar-335.htm
plain text: wpsar-335.txt
item: #182 of 447
id: wpsar-338
author: None
title: wpsar-338
date: None
words: 2191
flesch: 52
summary: Rapid health assessments of evacuation centres in areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan Field Investigation Report Ruth Alma Ramos,ab Vikki Carr de los Reyes,b Ma Nemia Sucalditob and Enrique Tayagb a Field Epidemiology Training Program, Epidemiology Bureau, Department of Health, Sta Cruz, Manila, Philippines. Rapid health assessments of evacuation centres in areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan.
keywords: centres; evacuation; health; number; services; water
cache: wpsar-338.htm
plain text: wpsar-338.txt
item: #183 of 447
id: wpsar-339
author: None
title: wpsar-339
date: None
words: 1913
flesch: 52
summary: The Bureau of Fire Protection in Tacloban City was in charge of retrieving dead bodies which were originally placed in trenches in the public cemetery. Department of Health's algorithm for the management of dead bodies after Typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines, 20131,5 Click to download Figure 1.
keywords: bodies; body; collection; dead; identification; management
cache: wpsar-339.htm
plain text: wpsar-339.txt
item: #184 of 447
id: wpsar-340
author: None
title: wpsar-340
date: None
words: 3653
flesch: 45
summary: c Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka and Madang, Papua New Guinea. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria: baseline data from three sites in Papua New Guinea, 2010–2012 Original Research Serej Ley,abc Robyn Carter,d Korai Millan,c Suparat Phuanukoonnon,c Sushil Pandey,d Christopher Coulter,d Peter Sibac and Hans-Peter Beckab a Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. b University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
keywords: cases; culture; disease; guinea; mycobacterium; new; ntm; papua; samples; study; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-340.htm
plain text: wpsar-340.txt
item: #185 of 447
id: wpsar-342
author: None
title: wpsar-342
date: None
words: 2165
flesch: 56
summary: This observation was similar to several previous studies.5,7,8,10,11 More injuries happened on the street than at home, similar to a study from the Islamic Republic of Iran.5 Also, our findings indicate that almost half of fireworks injuries occurs in the group aged 5–14 years, echoing findings in some previous studies.7,11 We found the most affected anatomical site of fireworks injuries was hands, which was consistent with previous studies,5,12 although one study showed that eyes followed by hands was most common.13 Despite legislation and awareness campaigns conducted by various government agencies in the Philippines, the main cause of firework-related death and severe injuries is illegal fireworks.
keywords: cases; fireworks; injuries; injury; philippines; surveillance
cache: wpsar-342.htm
plain text: wpsar-342.txt
item: #186 of 447
id: wpsar-343
author: None
title: wpsar-343
date: None
words: 1095
flesch: 40
summary: As a key outcome of the meeting, Pacific island countries and development partners agreed to support the three priority IHR (2005) core capacity-building areas mentioned above; to work collaboratively for strengthening the PSSS, including enhancement of the event-based surveillance component of the system; and to continue to develop, test and refine national public health emergency preparedness and response plans. WHO reiterated that the risk of EVD importation to the Pacific was low, however emphasized that the impact, if imported, would potentially be devastating and hence pre-emptive preparedness was encouraged.4 Further, discussion about the emergence of Zika and chikungunya viruses, and the re-emergence of dengue virus in the Pacific islands in recent years was held.5 Pacific island countries and areas were advised to prepare for ongoing transmission of all three arboviruses over the coming two to five years.
keywords: health; ihr; meeting; pacific
cache: wpsar-343.htm
plain text: wpsar-343.txt
item: #187 of 447
id: wpsar-344
author: None
title: wpsar-344
date: None
words: 2336
flesch: 56
summary: In January 2014, a team from the Department of Health conducted a mortality assessment to identify risk factors for deaths that occurred during Typhoon Haiyan. We conducted a 1:1 unmatched case-control study to identify risk factors associated with mortality from Typhoon Haiyan.
keywords: cases; haiyan; risk; storm; study; typhoon
cache: wpsar-344.htm
plain text: wpsar-344.txt
item: #188 of 447
id: wpsar-345
author: None
title: wpsar-345
date: None
words: 4530
flesch: 45
summary: Discussion To our knowledge, this is the largest multihospital study to describe the epidemiology of infectious GI illnesses in NSW, Australia. Descriptive epidemiology of infectious gastrointestinal illnesses in Sydney, Australia, 2007–2010 Original Research Stephanie Fletcher,ab David Sibbritt,b Damien Stark,cd John Harkness,cd William Rawlinson,ef David Andresen,g Sebastian Van Hal,h Juan Merife and John Ellisd a Public Health Unit, South Western Sydney Local Health District.
keywords: australia; cases; health; hospitals; new; pathogens; south; spp; study; sydney; wales; years
cache: wpsar-345.htm
plain text: wpsar-345.txt
item: #189 of 447
id: wpsar-346
author: None
title: wpsar-346
date: None
words: 3934
flesch: 48
summary: An assessment of measles vaccine effectiveness, Australia, 2006–2012 Original Research Alexis Pillsburyab and Helen Quinnac a National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead and the University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. To cite this article: Pillsbury A and Quinn H. An assessment of measles vaccine effectiveness, Australia, 2006–2012.
keywords: australia; cases; effectiveness; health; measles; status; vaccination; vaccine; years
cache: wpsar-346.htm
plain text: wpsar-346.txt
item: #190 of 447
id: wpsar-350
author: None
title: wpsar-350
date: None
words: 2525
flesch: 37
summary: One month after Haiyan, the Strategic Response Plan was released by the United Nations Humanitarian Coordination Team detailing the health sector’s priorities to provide life-saving measures, immediate access to water, sanitation, hygiene and to re-establish health services to prevent increased morbidity and mortality.7 The Government, through NEDA, issued Reconstruction Assistance on Yolanda (RAY), a strategic plan to guide the recovery and reconstruction of areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) over the short (2013 to 2014) to medium term (2015 and beyond).8 The health priorities of RAY were repair and reconstruction of public facilities to their pre-disaster state; risk reduction and community resilience, support for health services; mental health and psychosocial support; and governance strengthening.
keywords: august; emergency; haiyan; health; philippines; recovery; response; typhoon
cache: wpsar-350.htm
plain text: wpsar-350.txt
item: #191 of 447
id: wpsar-353
author: None
title: wpsar-353
date: None
words: 2358
flesch: 49
summary: jpg, 862kb Note: Green colour indicates that DOTS facilities in municipalities were physically damaged, but TB treatment services were available. Red colour indicates that TB treatment service was not available.
keywords: dots; haiyan; health; patients; treatment
cache: wpsar-353.htm
plain text: wpsar-353.txt
item: #192 of 447
id: wpsar-355
author: None
title: wpsar-355
date: None
words: 1603
flesch: 54
summary: Death of TB patients from disaster Seven TB patients died during the disaster (five from PHC D, one from PHC G and one from PHC H). Mortality of TB patients (7.3%) was higher than that of the general population (1.3%) in these areas.
keywords: areas; disaster; japan; patients
cache: wpsar-355.htm
plain text: wpsar-355.txt
item: #193 of 447
id: wpsar-357
author: None
title: wpsar-357
date: None
words: 3252
flesch: 27
summary: Additional improvements included rehabilitation services with provision of assistive devices at the regional hospital, development of a directory of disability services in the region and advocacy through community-based rehabilitation. Rehabilitation services were limited in the area of the Philippines that was affected by Typhoon Haiyan.
keywords: disabilities; disability; haiyan; health; people; region; rehabilitation; services
cache: wpsar-357.htm
plain text: wpsar-357.txt
item: #194 of 447
id: wpsar-358
author: None
title: wpsar-358
date: None
words: 2481
flesch: 45
summary: While LGU teams should continue their water quality monitoring and risk assessment activities as part of a water safety programme, action to rectify problems (such as fixing broken pipes or chlorination) should be undertaken to improve protection of water supply systems from contamination. This descriptive study reports on an assessment of water quality in drinking-water supply systems in areas affected by Typhoon Haiyan immediately following and 10 months after the typhoon.
keywords: assessment; drinking; haiyan; quality; risk; samples; water
cache: wpsar-358.htm
plain text: wpsar-358.txt
item: #195 of 447
id: wpsar-360
author: None
title: wpsar-360
date: None
words: 2744
flesch: 47
summary: Continued surveillance and investigation of fever and vesicular rash cases is necessary to monitor for severe health outcomes and reassess the need for varicella vaccination programmes. However, there is some evidence of higher rates of complications in varicella outbreaks among rural South-East Asian populations with largely naïve populations.15 In the following three months after this outbreak, at least 16 additional fever and vesicular rash outbreaks were documented with no reported deaths in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (unpublished data).
keywords: cases; democratic; measles; outbreak; rash; republic; vaccination; varicella
cache: wpsar-360.htm
plain text: wpsar-360.txt
item: #196 of 447
id: wpsar-361
author: None
title: wpsar-361
date: None
words: 2112
flesch: 41
summary: Medicines management in the Philippine public sector during the response to Haiyan. This descriptive study documented existing policies for medicines management in the Philippines and then assessed these in the public sector response post-Haiyan.
keywords: facilities; haiyan; health; management; medicines; philippines
cache: wpsar-361.htm
plain text: wpsar-361.txt
item: #197 of 447
id: wpsar-362
author: None
title: wpsar-362
date: None
words: 1229
flesch: 50
summary: Its origin was a single imported case after the patient travelled to endemic countries.1 Together with Ebola and avian influenza epidemics, MERS has presented yet another threat to global health security.2 Risk communication is one of the core capacities identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005).3 According to WHO outbreak communication guidelines, the five key points for outbreak communication are: (1) build, maintain or restore trust, (2) announce early, (3) be transparent, (4) understand the public, and (5) incorporate risk communication into preparedness planning.4 As the MERS outbreak in the Republic of Korea has now apparently subsided and probably will end soon, we believe that the lessons learnt about outbreak communication will help the Republic of Korea and other countries better prepare for any future imported cases of MERS and other emerging diseases.
keywords: health; hong; korea; mers; outbreak
cache: wpsar-362.htm
plain text: wpsar-362.txt
item: #198 of 447
id: wpsar-365
author: None
title: wpsar-365
date: None
words: 2287
flesch: 44
summary: Number of social media followers on WHO accounts by month after Typhoon Haiyan, November 2013 to January 2015 Click to download Figure 1. Social media as a risk communication tool following Typhoon Haiyan.
keywords: health; media; public; response; social; typhoon
cache: wpsar-365.htm
plain text: wpsar-365.txt
item: #199 of 447
id: wpsar-366
author: None
title: wpsar-366
date: None
words: 2719
flesch: 51
summary: Characteristics of non-registered FMTs deployed during Typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines, 10 November 2013 to 30 June 2014 Click to download Table 2. Because non-registered FMTs had fewer than the required number of staff, the quality of service delivery was questionable.
keywords: fmts; haiyan; health; philippines; response; teams; type
cache: wpsar-366.htm
plain text: wpsar-366.txt
item: #200 of 447
id: wpsar-367
author: None
title: wpsar-367
date: None
words: 1219
flesch: 50
summary: That two thirds of respondents were aware that WPSAR is indexed on PubMed is encouraging, as is the 2000 times a month WPSAR articles are accessed through PubMed.3 A wide range of article types is included in WPSAR such as outbreak investigations, surveillance reports and evaluations and lessons from the field. In mid-2014, four years after the first issue of WPSAR, an online survey of WPSAR subscribers was conducted to assess the impact, network and visibility of WPSAR in the region to determine if these objectives had been met.
keywords: journal; pacific; survey; wpsar
cache: wpsar-367.htm
plain text: wpsar-367.txt
item: #201 of 447
id: wpsar-368
author: None
title: wpsar-368
date: None
words: 2172
flesch: 47
summary: Disease surveillance systems by reported operational status and week post-Haiyan, the Philippines, 2013–2014 Click to download Table 1. jpg, 530kb ESR, Event-based Surveillance and Response; PIDSR, Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response; and SPEED, Surveillance in Post Extreme Emergencies and Disasters. Acknowledgements We express our gratitude for the full support and cooperation of all PIDSR-ESR surveillance officers, Health Emergency Management Bureau and SPEED coordinators as well as all the health managers/officers from the national, regional and local government health offices in making this post-incident evaluation of disease surveillance systems possible.
keywords: haiyan; post; speed; surveillance; systems
cache: wpsar-368.htm
plain text: wpsar-368.txt
item: #202 of 447
id: wpsar-370
author: None
title: wpsar-370
date: None
words: 2391
flesch: 50
summary: Timeline of events, MERS case, the Philippines, 2015 Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 345kb KSA, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; PHL, Philippines; RT-PCR, real time-polymerase chain reaction. The European Centre for Disease Control recommends tracing the entire plane or at least seven rows on either side of the case;9 tracing those within two rows of a case was recommended by WHO for MERS case investigations.8,10 This investigation has some limitations as 34% of close contacts were unable to be traced, most of whom were passengers from the same flight as the confirmed case.
keywords: case; category; contacts; health; mers; philippines
cache: wpsar-370.htm
plain text: wpsar-370.txt
item: #203 of 447
id: wpsar-371
author: None
title: wpsar-371
date: None
words: 3446
flesch: 45
summary: We recommend determining if the magnitude of alcohol problems in Tacloban City is the same elsewhere in the Philippines and institutionalizing community-based alcohol intervention programmes as well as developing local referral systems for alcohol intervention services. Outcome: The alcohol screening found 26 (22%) of those attending healthcare facilities would benefit from some form of alcohol intervention.
keywords: alcohol; care; city; community; health; intervention; problems; tacloban; treatment; use
cache: wpsar-371.htm
plain text: wpsar-371.txt
item: #204 of 447
id: wpsar-382
author: None
title: wpsar-382
date: None
words: 3096
flesch: 49
summary: Introduction The Philippines is working towards universal health coverage (UHC), aiming to achieve equity of access to health care without its population suffering financial hardship. Currently, these policies only apply to the poor and vulnerable identified by the Department of Social Welfare and Development or by the hospitals’ social welfare offices.3 Disasters and emergencies, such as Typhoon Haiyan that struck the central Philippines in November 2013, increase poverty and the vulnerability of the poor.4 High out-of-pocket expenses for health care post-disaster can lead to poverty as observed in the Philippines.5,6 Poverty incidence among families in Region 8 where Haiyan had the greatest impact was already 37% (2012).7 The government had previously established provisions to strengthen social services to protect people from financial risk in emergencies.
keywords: care; costs; expenses; health; philhealth; pocket; september; us$
cache: wpsar-382.htm
plain text: wpsar-382.txt
item: #205 of 447
id: wpsar-383
author: None
title: wpsar-383
date: None
words: 1819
flesch: 49
summary: Although the sex ratio among MERS cases appeared biased towards males, there was some evidence – as shown below – that more females were exposed. For visitors, while most of the younger cases were males, the age group wuth the highest number of female cases was 60–69 years.
keywords: cases; health; korea; mers; republic; sex
cache: wpsar-383.htm
plain text: wpsar-383.txt
item: #206 of 447
id: wpsar-384
author: None
title: wpsar-384
date: None
words: 3286
flesch: 41
summary: Effect of antiviral prophylaxis on influenza outbreaks in aged care facilities in three local health districts in New South Wales, Australia, 2014 Original Research Tony Merritt,a Kirsty Hope,b Michelle Butler,a David Durrheim,a Leena Gupta,c Zeina Najjar,c Stephen Conaty,d Leng Boonwattd and Stephanie Fletcherd a Hunter New England Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia. Effect of antiviral prophylaxis on influenza outbreaks in aged care facilities in three local health districts in New South Wales, Australia, 2014.
keywords: australia; care; group; health; influenza; outbreaks; prophylaxis; treatment
cache: wpsar-384.htm
plain text: wpsar-384.txt
item: #207 of 447
id: wpsar-385
author: None
title: wpsar-385
date: None
words: 1561
flesch: 45
summary: In July 2011, Hong Kong SAR was verified by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific as having successfully achieved the goal of hepatitis B control.4 Liver cancer was the third leading cause of cancer death in Hong Kong SAR in 2012,5 and evidence showed that 75–80% of liver cancer cases were related to chronic HBV infection.6 Methods Viral hepatitis has been a statutorily notifiable disease since 1974 in Hong Kong SAR.
keywords: data; hepatitis; hong; kong
cache: wpsar-385.htm
plain text: wpsar-385.txt
item: #208 of 447
id: wpsar-386
author: None
title: wpsar-386
date: None
words: 106
flesch: 56
summary: To cite this article: Western Pacific Surveillance and Response editorial team. Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2015, 6(3).
keywords: surveillance
cache: wpsar-386.htm
plain text: wpsar-386.txt
item: #209 of 447
id: wpsar-387
author: None
title: wpsar-387
date: None
words: 3046
flesch: 45
summary: The standard case definitions for dengue cases with warning signs and probable dengue cases were used.6 However, post-Haiyan probable dengue cases also included those cases who had a positive rapid antigen-antibody test. In the Philippines, an outbreak is considered when the number of reported dengue cases exceeds the epidemic threshold, i.e. the average number of cases reported in the previous five years.
keywords: cases; control; dengue; haiyan; health; philippines; response; surveillance; vector
cache: wpsar-387.htm
plain text: wpsar-387.txt
item: #210 of 447
id: wpsar-388
author: None
title: wpsar-388
date: None
words: 2156
flesch: 48
summary: The affiliations of lead and corresponding authors were more often internal when the country affected was a high-income country, whereas in low-income countries there were more external authors. Author classification and average publication by affected country and per capita GDP, top 10 emergencies or disasters (events) per year, 2009 to 2013 Click to download Table 2.
keywords: countries; country; events; health; income
cache: wpsar-388.htm
plain text: wpsar-388.txt
item: #211 of 447
id: wpsar-389
author: None
title: wpsar-389
date: None
words: 1760
flesch: 43
summary: The Philippine Department of Health (DOH) has several health information systems and registries. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2015.6.3.HYN_020 Disasters complicate the management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) by disrupting access to and delivery of health care, including medicines.
keywords: haiyan; health; ncds; post; surveillance; system
cache: wpsar-389.htm
plain text: wpsar-389.txt
item: #212 of 447
id: wpsar-390
author: None
title: wpsar-390
date: None
words: 2898
flesch: 44
summary: This highlights the importance of collecting routine data on vector populations as well as conducting pre- and post-control surveillance of targeted vectors. Interventions were primarily focused on larger evacuation centres due to limited resources.
keywords: centres; control; dengue; evacuation; honiara; islands; malaria; solomon; vector
cache: wpsar-390.htm
plain text: wpsar-390.txt
item: #213 of 447
id: wpsar-392
author: None
title: wpsar-392
date: None
words: 2233
flesch: 51
summary: All five cases (100%) had strong-positive IgG responses to ST (titre ≥ 1:512) which were consistent with a recent acute infection and were considered as confirmed cases of ST. The inlay map shows the distribution of cases in the current 2014 outbreak.
keywords: cases; fever; infections; islands; outbreak; rickettsial; solomon; typhus
cache: wpsar-392.htm
plain text: wpsar-392.txt
item: #214 of 447
id: wpsar-395
author: None
title: wpsar-395
date: None
words: 1473
flesch: 47
summary: Number of ACFs (and cases) reporting and not reporting influenza outbreaks to the South Western Sydney Local Health District PHU for laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza (age 65 years or above), Australia, 2014 Click to download Table 1. Nonetheless, delays in identification and notification of influenza outbreaks in ACFs have led to difficulties in containing the spread of influenza.
keywords: acfs; cases; health; influenza; outbreaks
cache: wpsar-395.htm
plain text: wpsar-395.txt
item: #215 of 447
id: wpsar-396
author: None
title: wpsar-396
date: None
words: 1567
flesch: 46
summary: We assessed records from GSM on two core functions that have a direct effect on disaster responses – staff and consultant contracts and goods procurements. By contrast, within days of Haiyan’s landfall in November 2013, additional staff from across all levels of WHO assisted the WHO Representative Office in the Philippines, including administrative staff from various technical divisions of the Western Pacific Regional Office.
keywords: office; philippines; representative; response; staff
cache: wpsar-396.htm
plain text: wpsar-396.txt
item: #216 of 447
id: wpsar-397
author: None
title: wpsar-397
date: None
words: 820
flesch: 42
summary: Hospitals were responsible for case treatment and infection control; China CDC was responsible for epidemiologic investigation, field disinfection, public risk communication and cooperating with the immigration and security department for close contacts tracing and quarantine. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67508-3 pmid:16214586 The technical guideline for MERS case control and prevention.
keywords: case; china; mers
cache: wpsar-397.htm
plain text: wpsar-397.txt
item: #217 of 447
id: wpsar-398
author: None
title: wpsar-398
date: None
words: 1324
flesch: 40
summary: After Haiyan, PEN implementation in primary health care facilities became a priority, with Region 8 chosen as a pilot site for using PEN implementation for health system recovery post-disaster. The key areas for PEN implementation included using the PEN approach to restore service delivery and management in primary health care facilities in Region 8, training health workers on PEN implementation and providing required materials and PEN implementation tools.
keywords: care; facilities; health; pen; region
cache: wpsar-398.htm
plain text: wpsar-398.txt
item: #218 of 447
id: wpsar-399
author: None
title: wpsar-399
date: None
words: 1562
flesch: 40
summary: it was estimated that there would be 95 270 pregnant women within the affected areas and 480 000 pregnancies in the year following.2 The disruption of access to reproductive health care after Haiyan meant that prenatal care, birth attendance, postpartum care and family planning services were urgently required as part of the response. This new protocol provided simple, cost-effective intrapartum and newborn care interventions for skilled health professionals that improved neonatal and maternal care.
keywords: care; guidelines; health; newborn; philippines; training
cache: wpsar-399.htm
plain text: wpsar-399.txt
item: #219 of 447
id: wpsar-400
author: None
title: wpsar-400
date: None
words: 1396
flesch: 48
summary: While effective outbreak communication focuses on five key points: trust, early announcement, transparency, understanding the public and planning, it is essential to build, maintain and restore the public’s trust during outbreak situations.9 Establishing a hotline system has proved to be effective for building trust with the public.10 This report gives evidence that dedicated English language MERS websites and multi-language hotlines were useful to share information with the international community for outbreak communications, although it is difficult to quantify the impact and effectiveness of these efforts. For the MERS portal website, there were 25 press releases, 14 statistics postings and 27 postings of other MERS information.
keywords: english; health; mers; website
cache: wpsar-400.htm
plain text: wpsar-400.txt
item: #220 of 447
id: wpsar-401
author: None
title: wpsar-401
date: None
words: 1541
flesch: 42
summary: The Republic of Korea and WHO also jointly organized the 2015 International Symposium on MERS to share experience and new knowledge from recent MERS outbreaks and to discuss how to strengthen public health systems in response to future MERS outbreaks and other threats.12 Several limitations of the joint missions were noted, most related to the timing. The situation was compounded by the unique health-care settings in the Republic of Korea, including crowded emergency departments and large numbers of hospital visitors seeking care at multiple hospitals.3 To assist with the outbreak response, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of the Republic of Korea hosted several international joint missions that provided valuable information and recommendations for MERS control and prevention of future outbreaks.
keywords: health; korea; mers; outbreak; republic
cache: wpsar-401.htm
plain text: wpsar-401.txt
item: #221 of 447
id: wpsar-404
author: None
title: wpsar-404
date: None
words: 2162
flesch: 49
summary: Responding to Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines Editorial Michelle McPherson,a Megan Counahanb and Julie Lyn Halla a Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, Division of Health Security and Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. To cite this article: McPherson M, Counahan M. Responding to Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines.
keywords: 6(suppl; haiyan; journal; pacific; response; surveillance; western
cache: wpsar-404.htm
plain text: wpsar-404.txt
item: #222 of 447
id: wpsar-406
author: None
title: wpsar-406
date: None
words: 2197
flesch: 42
summary: Caring for CRS cases is a challenge in resource-poor settings. The following case definitions were used to identify and classify CRS cases.
keywords: cases; congenital; crs; islands; rubella; solomon
cache: wpsar-406.htm
plain text: wpsar-406.txt
item: #223 of 447
id: wpsar-407
author: None
title: wpsar-407
date: None
words: 1603
flesch: 44
summary: This study aims to estimate the incidence of CRS in Australia and the sensitivity of CRS case ascertainment in the NNDSS. Methods The two-source capture–recapture method5 was used to estimate the incidence of CRS and to evaluate the sensitivity of case ascertainment by the NNDSS.
keywords: australia; cases; crs; health; rubella
cache: wpsar-407.htm
plain text: wpsar-407.txt
item: #224 of 447
id: wpsar-412
author: None
title: wpsar-412
date: None
words: 2480
flesch: 56
summary: This confirms that increased exposure to measles cases also increases the likelihood to develop the disease.10 Also, measles viruses remain contagious in the air or on infected surfaces for up to two hours.11 The living conditions hastened the transmission through suspended droplets that are easily inhaled in closed areas. Methods: Measles case data with symptom onset from 2 February to 27 May 2013 were obtained from official sources and verified on site.
keywords: cases; coverage; health; measles; philippines; vaccination; vaccine
cache: wpsar-412.htm
plain text: wpsar-412.txt
item: #225 of 447
id: wpsar-413
author: None
title: wpsar-413
date: None
words: 4226
flesch: 44
summary: Methods: The likelihood of importation of MERS cases and the magnitude of the public health impact in Singapore were assessed to determine overall risk. In view of the air traffic between Singapore and MERS-affected areas, importation of MERS cases into Singapore is possible.
keywords: cases; cov; health; infection; korea; mers; outbreak; republic; risk; singapore
cache: wpsar-413.htm
plain text: wpsar-413.txt
item: #226 of 447
id: wpsar-415
author: None
title: wpsar-415
date: None
words: 2985
flesch: 51
summary: TB notification rates The overall TB notification rates in foreign students are shown in Figure 2 with an increasing trend from 104 to 140 per 100 000 population between 2011 and 2014. TB notification rates for foreign students were highest in students from the Philippines (675/100 000 person years
keywords: countries; foreign; japan; notification; rates; students
cache: wpsar-415.htm
plain text: wpsar-415.txt
item: #227 of 447
id: wpsar-416
author: None
title: wpsar-416
date: None
words: 3903
flesch: 53
summary: TB case notifications, treatment outcomes and information on TB/HIV coinfection are analysed descriptively. Descriptive analysis of TB case notifications in the Region and by country and area was done.
keywords: cases; countries; new; pacific; region; western
cache: wpsar-416.htm
plain text: wpsar-416.txt
item: #228 of 447
id: wpsar-420
author: None
title: wpsar-420
date: None
words: 4866
flesch: 44
summary: assay.18,19 The presence of NS1 antigen in DENV samples was confirmed using commercial dengue NS1 assays (Panbio Dengue Early NS1 antigen capture ELISA The most commonly performed EQA component was anti-DENV IgM detection with 18/23 (78.3%)
keywords: assays; chikv; dengue; denv; detection; eqa; health; laboratories; pacific; pcr; samples; virus
cache: wpsar-420.htm
plain text: wpsar-420.txt
item: #229 of 447
id: wpsar-422
author: None
title: wpsar-422
date: None
words: 2679
flesch: 57
summary: Methods The approach that SPC takes for ESS systems for mass gatherings has three stages: (1) preparation, (2) operation and (3) sustainability. The total daily number of syndrome cases peaked eight times throughout the surveillance period (Fig. 1); four peaks occurred during the FOPA.
keywords: ess; islands; mass; pacific; solomon; surveillance; system
cache: wpsar-422.htm
plain text: wpsar-422.txt
item: #230 of 447
id: wpsar-424
author: None
title: wpsar-424
date: None
words: 4352
flesch: 51
summary: Methods Study design Focus group analysis was used to gain qualitative data on audience perceptions, feelings and opinions about health information provided during the outbreak.10,11 Prior to the interviews, participants were also requested to complete a short self-administered questionnaire which collected demographic information, awareness of H7N9 and major channels through which the participants received or sought H7N9 information. Most participants received H7N9 information via television and the Internet.
keywords: china; communication; h7n9; health; information; media; outbreak; participants; public; risk; study
cache: wpsar-424.htm
plain text: wpsar-424.txt
item: #231 of 447
id: wpsar-425
author: None
title: wpsar-425
date: None
words: 2048
flesch: 37
summary: Preparedness for Zika virus testing in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Regional Analysis Raynal C Squiresa and Frank Koningsa on behalf of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific Zika Incident Management Team a Emerging Disease Surveillance and Response Unit, Division of Health Security and Emergencies, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. To cite this article: Preparedness for Zika virus testing in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal, 2016, 7(1):44–47.
keywords: countries; health; pacific; virus; western; zikv
cache: wpsar-425.htm
plain text: wpsar-425.txt
item: #232 of 447
id: wpsar-428
author: None
title: wpsar-428
date: None
words: 3355
flesch: 54
summary: Uchimura K. Evaluation of the quality of Japan TB Surveillance System using TB mortality data [in Japanese] (Kekkaku shibou kara no kekkaku sabeiransu touroku Treatment costs for most TB patients who require hospitalization, including those foreign-born, are subsidized by the Japanese government.
keywords: figure; foreign; japan; japanese; patients; proportion
cache: wpsar-428.htm
plain text: wpsar-428.txt
item: #233 of 447
id: wpsar-43
author: None
title: wpsar-43
date: None
words: 4828
flesch: 49
summary: [CI]: 1.39–6.62) compared with all pregnancies in 2009 and 2010 (excluding NTD births). Moreover, women who undergo ART may be different in other ways that affect NTD risk apart from the requirement for ART.
keywords: australia; births; data; defects; health; neural; notifications; ntd; pregnancies; south; tube; women
cache: wpsar-43.htm
plain text: wpsar-43.txt
item: #234 of 447
id: wpsar-430
author: None
title: wpsar-430
date: None
words: 4314
flesch: 46
summary: Although teachers have no obligations for school vaccination programme education,8 a student resource, such as an advice card with appropriate language and graphics explaining the importance of the vaccine, is recommended. Key areas discussed were pre-programme planning, implementation, resources, consent materials, media activity and future directions for school vaccination programme delivery.
keywords: consent; health; measles; new; participants; phu; programme; school; sia; students; vaccination; vaccine
cache: wpsar-430.htm
plain text: wpsar-430.txt
item: #235 of 447
id: wpsar-431
author: None
title: wpsar-431
date: None
words: 3977
flesch: 53
summary: In addition to improving timely recognition and diagnosis of measles cases, control of the 2012 outbreak could have benefited from consistent and standardized infection control measures.14 Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using measles case data obtained from metropolitan Sydney local health districts in NSW in 2012.
keywords: care; cases; health; measles; nsw; outbreak; presentations; source; south; time; transmission
cache: wpsar-431.htm
plain text: wpsar-431.txt
item: #236 of 447
id: wpsar-432
author: None
title: wpsar-432
date: None
words: 1669
flesch: 50
summary: Recent reports indicated that factors associated with syphilis among MSM were low educational attainment, sex with casual partners without a condom and coinfection with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).5,6 Using mobile phone applications and the Internet to seek sex partners has also been reported as potential risk factors for STIs, including syphilis, among MSM.7,8 There has been no study regarding potential predictors for syphilis acquisition in Japan. Responding to the syphilis outbreak in Japan: piloting a questionnaire to evaluate potential risk factors for incident syphilis infection among men who have sex with men in Tokyo, Japan, 2015 Brief Report Masahiro Ishikane,abc Yuzo Arima,d Ichiro Itoda,e Takuri Takahashi,d
keywords: japan; men; questionnaire; sex; syphilis; tokyo
cache: wpsar-432.htm
plain text: wpsar-432.txt
item: #237 of 447
id: wpsar-433
author: None
title: wpsar-433
date: None
words: 3493
flesch: 57
summary: Methods: Eighty clusters of TB cases were selected using a probability-proportion-to-size approach. We aimed to determine the prevalence of XDR-TB among all MDR-TB cases detected in the Fourth National Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam. Methods Study subjects, sample size and sampling The full details of the study design, sampling strategy, sample size calculation and analysis of the Fourth National Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Survey in Viet Nam are described elsewhere.5 Briefly, it was a cross-sectional survey that used a probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling approach based on notifications of new smear-positive TB cases to assess the prevalence of MDR-TB among TB cases in Viet Nam.
keywords: cases; drug; mdr; nam; resistance; tuberculosis; viet; xdr
cache: wpsar-433.htm
plain text: wpsar-433.txt
item: #238 of 447
id: wpsar-443
author: None
title: wpsar-443
date: None
words: 1884
flesch: 52
summary: Ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean islands and Western Atlantic. Ciguatera fish poisoning: treatment, prevention and management.
keywords: barracuda; cases; cfp; ciguatera; ctx; fish; poisoning; seafarers
cache: wpsar-443.htm
plain text: wpsar-443.txt
item: #239 of 447
id: wpsar-448
author: None
title: wpsar-448
date: None
words: 2209
flesch: 53
summary: jpg, 386kb Discussion Our results showed that on average there were 1700 deaths per year in addition to the PHS data of drowning deaths when cataclysm and maritime accidents deaths data retrieved from other sources were included. Epidemiology of drowning deaths in the Philippines, 1980 to 2011 Surveillance Report Rammell Eric Martinez,a John Juliard Go,a Jonathan Guevarrab a Office of the WHO Representative in the Philippines, Sta.
keywords: data; deaths; drowning; health; philippines
cache: wpsar-448.htm
plain text: wpsar-448.txt
item: #240 of 447
id: wpsar-449
author: None
title: wpsar-449
date: None
words: 3194
flesch: 54
summary: guidelines.4 IBS case-based data and LAOEWARN aggregated data for AWD IBS passively collects aggregated and case-based reports of AWD cases from a total of 1115 health-care facilities nationwide. Weekly, information of AWD cases is first reported from 949 health centres and 142 hospitals to their district health offices by fax, telephone or in person and compiled into a line list.
keywords: awd; cases; data; health; lao; people; republic; rotavirus
cache: wpsar-449.htm
plain text: wpsar-449.txt
item: #241 of 447
id: wpsar-458
author: None
title: wpsar-458
date: None
words: 2114
flesch: 50
summary: The application of GIS to routine surveillance enabled the detection of geospatial clustering of STm cases with an identical MLVA pattern in NSW in September 2015. In 2008, a study conducted by OzFoodNet found that the costs averted from successful outbreak investigations was between Aus$ 85 000 and Aus$ 1.3 million due to early identification and removal of contaminated food from the food supply chain.1 Early identification and removal of these foods in this outbreak was critical in minimizing the costs associated with further cases.
keywords: bakery; cases; food; health; mlva; salmonella; stm
cache: wpsar-458.htm
plain text: wpsar-458.txt
item: #242 of 447
id: wpsar-469
author: None
title: wpsar-469
date: None
words: 3742
flesch: 48
summary: Other outbreaks have demonstrated that the optimal time period for Q fever vaccination is two weeks before possible occupational exposure.14,21 SafeWork NSW guidelines indicate an employer must implement safe work practices to minimize risk and notify SafeWork NSW if one of their employees has Q fever.14 This case investigation concluded that despite abattoir management being aware of several employees with Q fever symptoms, not even the death of an employee linked to Q fever prompted appropriate notification. Q fever cases can present as either acute or chronic clinical manifestations; however, approximately 60% of Q fever infections are asymptomatic.5-7 During the acute phase, symptoms are generally limited to a febrile illness with associated headaches, fatigue and chills.1-3 Diagnosis of Q fever is predominantly through serological testing.1,3 In Australia, human infection with Q fever has been largely attributed to close contact with cattle, sheep and goats, particularly their reproductive organs and secretions.
keywords: abattoir; cases; fever; health; investigation; nsw; outbreak; phu; review; risk; staff; vaccination
cache: wpsar-469.htm
plain text: wpsar-469.txt
item: #243 of 447
id: wpsar-473
author: None
title: wpsar-473
date: None
words: 2469
flesch: 51
summary: Abstract Objective: This study examined measles vaccine wastage during an outbreak response in Madang Province of Papua New Guinea from June 2014 to March 2015. This paper reports on measles vaccine wastage and the reasons for this wastage during the 2014-2015 measles outbreak in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.
keywords: centres; health; outbreak; province; vaccine; wastage
cache: wpsar-473.htm
plain text: wpsar-473.txt
item: #244 of 447
id: wpsar-480
author: None
title: wpsar-480
date: None
words: 4751
flesch: 49
summary: There have been five documented RESTV outbreaks in animals epidemiologically linked to the Philippines.6,7 RESTV was detected in non-human primates (NHPs) in the periods 1989–1990, 1992–1993 and 1996;6,8 in pigs in 2008–2009;6,9,10 and again in NHPs in 2015.7 These NHPs were cynomolgus macaques used for preclinical research, drug development, disease modelling, experimental infections, and biological production, with breeders being collected from wildlife trapping areas mostly in southern Philippines.6 Four of of the five outbreaks were investigated by the Philippines Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP).7–12 There is concern in the Philippines that RESTV will continue to occur in animals with spillover into humans and could one day become pathogenic to humans.1,10,12,13 It has been hypothesized that ongoing, undetected RESTV infections and replication in pigs and other animals could result in the emergence of more pathogenic viruses in humans and/or In humans, there have been no deaths or illness attributed to RESTV infection; rather, infection results in a very mild illness.6,8–11 Therefore, RESTV does not pose the same public health threat as the African Ebola virus subtypes.11,27
keywords: animals; assessment; bats; ebola; health; humans; nhps; outbreaks; pathogenicity; philippines; pigs; reston; restv; risk; virus
cache: wpsar-480.htm
plain text: wpsar-480.txt
item: #245 of 447
id: wpsar-482
author: None
title: wpsar-482
date: None
words: 4549
flesch: 51
summary: Abstract Background: Rotavirus vaccines were introduced in Japan in November 2011. The coverage of one dose of rotavirus vaccine in Tsu City was 56.5% in 2014.
keywords: cases; children; city; coverage; gastroenteritis; hospitalization; japan; rotavirus; rotavirus gastroenteritis; rotavirus vaccine; study; tsu; vaccine; years
cache: wpsar-482.htm
plain text: wpsar-482.txt
item: #246 of 447
id: wpsar-483
author: None
title: wpsar-483
date: None
words: 2757
flesch: 55
summary: Of the 390 cases that occurred in the age groups that are followed up by PHUs (0–4 year age group or 50 years or over), 16 (4%) were notified in Aboriginal people, among whom case notification rates were higher than in non-Aboriginal people (26.4 and 12.6 per 100 000, respectively, p=0.010). Ethics This work involved the use of NSW disease notification data and was collected as part of standard public health action; as such, no ethics approval was required.
keywords: age; cases; disease; health; notifications; nsw; vaccine
cache: wpsar-483.htm
plain text: wpsar-483.txt
item: #247 of 447
id: wpsar-491
author: None
title: wpsar-491
date: None
words: 2546
flesch: 49
summary: Discussion: Assessing risk, educating participants, enhancing surveillance and sharing timely information among related countries are significant for prevention and response against invasive meningococcal disease outbreaks at mass gatherings. On 14 August, MHLW requested the Scout Association of Japan to advise WSJ participants to visit hospitals as soon as possible if they developed symptoms of meningococcal disease.
keywords: cases; disease; health; japan; meningococcal; participants; scout; wsj
cache: wpsar-491.htm
plain text: wpsar-491.txt
item: #248 of 447
id: wpsar-494
author: None
title: wpsar-494
date: None
words: 2874
flesch: 52
summary: In March 2015, the island country was hit by Cyclone Pam.5,6 There were several outbreaks and public health events after the cyclone that led to important changes and improvements in syndromic surveillance, including: an increased number of trainings on syndromic surveillance from the SPC; an increase in the number of sentinel surveillance sites to 11 by June 2015; better appreciation from front-line health workers of the importance of syndromic surveillance; a re-design of the sentinel site paper-based collection forms to record daily consultations (these data were not previously collected) and for ease in recording core syndromes; introduction of a new weekly reporting template for use by the central unit, based on WHO surveillance reports;7 introduction of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria, dengue and leptospirosis; and algorithms for sentinel sites to collect and send blood samples to the central unit for polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) diagnosis which is done overseas. Syndromic surveillance in Vanuatu since Cyclone Pam: a descriptive study.
keywords: core; health; pacific; sentinel; surveillance; syndromes; vanuatu
cache: wpsar-494.htm
plain text: wpsar-494.txt
item: #249 of 447
id: wpsar-496
author: None
title: wpsar-496
date: None
words: 1609
flesch: 58
summary: Potential reasons, such as stress of pregnancy or immigration of female workers, warrant further studies.11 Overall, the impact of population ageing on TB rates seems substantial in Hong Kong SAR. When ageing progresses together with a decline in TB rates, the former would partially cancel out the progress by slowing down the reduction of TB rates as observed in Japan after the 1980s.12 In Hong Kong SAR, the epidemiologic transition may take several decades in line with the demographic changes.
keywords: age; hong; kong; sar
cache: wpsar-496.htm
plain text: wpsar-496.txt
item: #250 of 447
id: wpsar-497
author: None
title: wpsar-497
date: None
words: 3176
flesch: 49
summary: Identifying the mismatched laboratory sample collection to syndrome case activity can be used to demonstrate to sentinel sites the importance of more regular sample collection as an effective tool to support public health surveillance (i.e. matching sample collection to syndrome activity). Understanding the data: Health indicators in disease surveillance.
keywords: cases; data; encounters; games; health; pohnpei; sentinel; state; surveillance; syndrome
cache: wpsar-497.htm
plain text: wpsar-497.txt
item: #251 of 447
id: wpsar-498
author: None
title: wpsar-498
date: None
words: 3122
flesch: 40
summary: Here we describe the SIDS conference surveillance implemented by the Samoa MoH and SPC, highlighting lessons that may be helpful to public health planners in preparation for disease surveillance for mass gatherings. Purpose of the mass gathering enhanced surveillance system There were three primary purposes for the enhanced surveillance: (1) to provide a simple surveillance system for rapidly detecting and responding to disease episodes or outbreaks in a timely and effective manner; (2) to disseminate strategic epidemiological information throughout the Pacific region; and (3) to sustainably improve disease surveillance in Samoa beyond the mass gathering event.
keywords: conference; disease; gathering; health; mass; pacific; sids; surveillance; syndrome; system
cache: wpsar-498.htm
plain text: wpsar-498.txt
item: #252 of 447
id: wpsar-500
author: None
title: wpsar-500
date: None
words: 3437
flesch: 54
summary: Although HFMD patients were reported throughout the year, the number of HFMD cases increased from April through May and September through October (Fig. 2), accounting for about 50% of total HFMD cases. This study sought to describe the occurrence of HFMD and its associated meteorological factors in Dak Lak province, Viet Nam. Methods: Monthly data on HFMD cases were collected from all commune health stations in Dak Lak province from 2012 through 2013.
keywords: cases; disease; factors; foot; hand; hfmd; mouth; number; study; temperature; viet
cache: wpsar-500.htm
plain text: wpsar-500.txt
item: #253 of 447
id: wpsar-510
author: None
title: wpsar-510
date: None
words: 3468
flesch: 41
summary: Electronic immunization registers have been increasingly adopted to assist with the monitoring of vaccine coverage; however, there is limited literature about the use of electronic registers in low- and middle-income countries such as Mongolia. In addition, conducting such studies requires expertise to prevent selection or information bias.1 To facilitate the monitoring of vaccination coverage, countries around the world are increasingly adopting electronic immunization registers that are defined as computerised, population-based systems that collect individual-level vaccination data.2
keywords: accuracy; completeness; coverage; data; health; immunization; records; register; table; vaccination; vaccine
cache: wpsar-510.htm
plain text: wpsar-510.txt
item: #254 of 447
id: wpsar-517
author: None
title: wpsar-517
date: None
words: 1529
flesch: 44
summary: However, the number of reported measles cases surged in the middle of August 2016. The number of reported measles cases in Japan has declined markedly from 11 013 in 2008 to 35 in 2015.3 The D5 genotype strain of MV, which was endemic in Japan, has not been detected since May 2010; however, limited local transmission following importation of MV has been observed, as in 2014.4 Common exposure to H1 genotype MV at an international airport In 2016, although measles activity remained at the lowest level since 2008, the number of reported measles cases surged in epidemiological week 33.5 Surveillance officers and Field Epidemiology Training Program fellows noted five measles cases (Table 1, cases 1-5) with close onset dates reported from different prefectures that seemingly did not have any common exposure history.
keywords: cases; japan; kix; measles
cache: wpsar-517.htm
plain text: wpsar-517.txt
item: #255 of 447
id: wpsar-518
author: None
title: wpsar-518
date: None
words: 6486
flesch: 48
summary: In the present study based on the WHO method for establishing seasonal and alert influenza thresholds, we explored a range of thresholds for three readily available parameters and established practical influenza thresholds for Cambodia. Establishing specific influenza thresholds at the national level for season onset and intensity levels could provide timely triggers for public health measures, such as awareness-raising for prevention, upscaling control measures and resource allocation.
keywords: cambodia; data; health; href="http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov; ili; influenza; pmid:10.1056/NEJMoa0905498 pmid:20042753
doi:10.1073/pnas.0601266103 pmid:16585506
Glass LM, Glass RJ.
keywords: activities; cases; contacts; influenza; pandemic; ph1n1; school; social; students; transmission
cache: wpsar-605.htm
plain text: wpsar-605.txt
item: #291 of 447
id: wpsar-606
author: None
title: wpsar-606
date: None
words: 3657
flesch: 52
summary: Specifically, the Government intensified multisectoral coordination and collaboration; strengthened surveillance, vector monitoring and risk assessment; enhanced clinical management of yellow fever cases; conducted vector control activities; carried out public risk communication activities; and deployed a medical team to Angola to provide yellow fever vaccination to unvaccinated Chinese nationals.11 Discussion We describe the 11 cases of imported yellow fever in China, most of which were discovered within two weeks after the peak of the outbreak in Angola in 2016. Evaluating the importation of yellow fever cases into China in 2016 and strategies used to prevent and control the spread of the disease Surveillance Report Chao Li,a Dan Li,a Shirley JoAnn Smart,b Lei Zhou,a,c Peng Yang,d Jianming Ou,e Yi He,f Ruiqi Ren,a Tao Ma,g Nijuan Xiang,a Haitian Sui,a Yali Wang,a Jian Zhao,a Chaonan Wang,a Yeping Wang,a Daxin Ni,a Isaac Chun-Hai Fung,b Dexin Li,h Yangmu Huang,i and Qun Li, a Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
keywords: angola; cases; china; chinese; control; countries; disease; fever; health; prevention
cache: wpsar-606.htm
plain text: wpsar-606.txt
item: #292 of 447
id: wpsar-609
author: None
title: wpsar-609
date: None
words: 1736
flesch: 44
summary: doi:10.5365/wpsar.2018.9.5.000 In 1918, near the close of the First World War, pandemic influenza swept across the world. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2018.9.5.005 van Gemert G, McBryde ES, Bergeri I, Sacks-Davis R, Vally H, Spelman T, et al. Description of social contacts among student cases of pandemic influenza during the containment phase, Melbourne, Australia, 2009.
keywords: health; influenza; pacific; pandemic; response; surveill; west
cache: wpsar-609.htm
plain text: wpsar-609.txt
item: #293 of 447
id: wpsar-614
author: None
title: wpsar-614
date: None
words: 1659
flesch: 40
summary: While the current Australian pandemic plan highlights the need for equity and two-way communication with Aboriginal people, there are no recommendations on how to achieve this, and, therefore, the plan inadequately addresses the needs of Aboriginal communities.11 Aboriginal people continue to be the subject of health service delivery and policy without the opportunity to be part of the decision-making about their health.12 Given the historical factors and complexities of contemporary Aboriginal health, a one-size-fits-all approach to pandemic influenza is unlikely to work.13–15 Measures to reduce the risk of public health emergencies in Aboriginal communities need to be developed with and led by communities to maximize their acceptance, impact and effect. Infectious disease emergency plans developed without respectful and meaningful engagement is identified as a barrier to acceptance and implementation.13 Specific localized plans for Aboriginal communities are needed13 that are culturally centred, reflect the diverse socio-cultural practices and that can be reassessed and updated in collaboration with public health emergency leaders to meet the changing needs of the community.16 Infectious disease emergency planners must, with Aboriginal peoples, develop a robust understanding of the issues, be culturally safe, appropriate, inclusive and responsive in the development of disease control strategies.
keywords: aboriginal; australia; communities; health; influenza; new; pandemic; people
cache: wpsar-614.htm
plain text: wpsar-614.txt
item: #294 of 447
id: wpsar-615
author: None
title: wpsar-615
date: None
words: 1420
flesch: 36
summary: Example lesson plan for a three-day training of trainers employed in Japan and Mongolia, 2017, for building the training capacity of Field Epidemiology Training Programme trainees and supervisors Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 1121kb In March 2017, FETP Japan led a ToT on this approach in Ulaanbaatar for Mongolian FETP trainees, graduates and supervisors. FETP Japan trainees have used this approach to improve workshop design and facilitation for the annual Rapid Response Training of Surveillance Officers in local public health centres across the country.
keywords: approach; fetp; health; learning; trainees; training
cache: wpsar-615.htm
plain text: wpsar-615.txt
item: #295 of 447
id: wpsar-616
author: Chugh, Hitesh; Samaan, Gina; Resnikoff, Tatiana; Bergeri, Isabel; Barragan, Jennifer; Dueger, Erica
title: The Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework: strengthening laboratory and surveillance capacities in the Western Pacific Region, 2014–2017
date: 2020-12-28
words: 2258
flesch: 28
summary: Between 2014 and 2017, in addition to other agen- cies’ contributions for influenza capacity building, US$8.6 million of PIP-PC funds was invested in the Region5 for improving laboratory and surveillance capacities through detection of respiratory diseases due to a novel virus, monitoring influenza trends including through sentinel surveillance systems and strengthening GISRS and global collaboration through information and virus sharing. Influenza surveillance reports with integrated data published in the public domain (country self-report) 2 3 7. Consistently5 reported virological data to WHO FluNET during the influenza season (WHO database) 4 5 8.
keywords: geneva; health; influenza; organization; pip; surveillance; world
cache: wpsar-616.pdf
plain text: wpsar-616.txt
item: #296 of 447
id: wpsar-618
author: None
title: wpsar-618
date: None
words: 3040
flesch: 55
summary: Methods Epidemiological characteristics of fatal cases Data on fatal TBE cases were documented by the National Center for Zoonotic Diseases (NCZD), which has registered tick-borne diseases since 2005.5 We used data of all cases that were confirmed at the National Reference Laboratory of NCZD by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Epidemiological characteristics of fatal TBE cases in Mongolia, 2008–2017 Click to download Table 1.
keywords: bulgan; cases; encephalitis; fatal; mongolia; province; selenge; tbe; tbev; tick
cache: wpsar-618.htm
plain text: wpsar-618.txt
item: #297 of 447
id: wpsar-620
author: None
title: wpsar-620
date: None
words: 1617
flesch: 33
summary: Influenza virus detection has helped drive the development of diagnostic and virology laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region over the last 10–15 years, at the same time strengthening their capacity to detect and respond to infectious threats beyond influenza. The traditional method of influenza virus detection by isolation in eggs or cell culture followed by antigenic typing is labour-intensive and time-consuming, particularly in the context of an outbreak.
keywords: detection; health; influenza; pacific; virus; western
cache: wpsar-620.htm
plain text: wpsar-620.txt
item: #298 of 447
id: wpsar-621
author: None
title: wpsar-621
date: None
words: 2030
flesch: 29
summary: Several initiatives have been established in response to the World Health Assembly goal set in 2003 of reaching 75% influenza vaccination in persons ≥65 years by 2010.3 In 2006, the Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP) (2006–16 strategy) aimed to increase the use of seasonal influenza vaccines, increase vaccine production capacity and promote research and development for improved vaccines and vaccine production technologies.3 In 2012, the Partnership for Influenza Vaccine Introduction (PIVI)6 – a collaboration between the Global Health Task Force, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, various ministries of health and pharmaceutical and technology industry partners – also supported increased pandemic readiness by expanding national seasonal influenza vaccination programmes in several countries in the Region, including the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia and Viet Nam. Production of influenza vaccines The process and logistics required to manufacture and produce seasonal influenza vaccines can be used for possible pandemic strains when quick action is required on a large scale.2 The capacity for an effective and timely pandemic vaccine response remains limited by the time required to manufacture pandemic vaccines and by global vaccine production capacity.7 Strong systems for detection of new influenza variants are also critical.
keywords: health; influenza; pandemic; response; vaccination; vaccine; western; world
cache: wpsar-621.htm
plain text: wpsar-621.txt
item: #299 of 447
id: wpsar-622
author: None
title: wpsar-622
date: None
words: 1688
flesch: 34
summary: Successful country response efforts to avian influenza A(H7N9) in China and influenza A(H5N6) in the Philippines exemplify the importance of strong multisectoral collaboration for zoonotic diseases at both national and regional levels. The Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases and Public Health Emergencies (APSED III) and the tripartite zoonoses guide will continue to assist countries in Asia and the Pacific to maintain and improve coordination between the human, animal and environmental health sectors for rapid and effective response efforts to emergent zoonotic influenza viruses.
keywords: animal; avian; health; human; influenza; pacific
cache: wpsar-622.htm
plain text: wpsar-622.txt
item: #300 of 447
id: wpsar-625
author: None
title: wpsar-625
date: None
words: 3599
flesch: 43
summary: Public health surveillance is an essential component of WHO’s role in health emergencies, enabling the early detection, assessment and response to public health events, whether their impact is at the national, regional or global level. doi:10.5365/wpsar.2018.9.5.009 In the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Region, event-based surveillance has been conducted for more than a decade to rapidly detect and assess public health events.
keywords: assessment; events; health; pacific; regional; surveillance; system; western
cache: wpsar-625.htm
plain text: wpsar-625.txt
item: #301 of 447
id: wpsar-626
author: None
title: wpsar-626
date: None
words: 3518
flesch: 44
summary: The percentage of VicSPIN influenza cases typed as A(H3N2) was highest in the ≥ 65 years age group compared to A(H1). Notified cases of influenza A were older than influenza B cases with 25% compared to 17% aged more than 65 years, respectively.
keywords: australia; cases; ili; influenza; laboratory; season; surveillance; vicspin; victoria
cache: wpsar-626.htm
plain text: wpsar-626.txt
item: #302 of 447
id: wpsar-627
author: None
title: wpsar-627
date: None
words: 4428
flesch: 39
summary: Compared to the hospitalization rates we estimated for older Cambodian adults, those reported for Zambia and Rwanda were lower (57 and 34/100 000 population >65 years).21,22 The combined burden of influenza hospitalizations across all age-groups estimated for Cambodia (56/100 000 population) is similar to that reported for Zambia (44)21 but higher than Rwanda (35)22 and Indonesia (19).23 Influenza hospitalization burden likely varies both within and between countries. Recent estimates for the south-eastern Asian region indicate a considerable burden of influenza (>100 000 deaths per year).6 Effective prevention and control strategies for influenza are assisted by routine seasonal influenza burden estimates based on local data.
keywords: age; associated; burden; cambodia; data; disease; health; influenza; national; sari; sentinel; sites; surveillance
cache: wpsar-627.htm
plain text: wpsar-627.txt
item: #303 of 447
id: wpsar-630
author: None
title: wpsar-630
date: None
words: 7567
flesch: 54
summary: Analyses of avian influenza virus infections in humans and outbreaks in birds can provide a basis for multisectoral risk assessments. Between November 2003 and September 2017, WHO received reports of 1838 human infections with avian influenza viruses A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H6N1), A(H7N9), A(H9N2) and A(H10N8) in the Western Pacific Region.
keywords: a(h5n1; a(h7n9; avian; cases; china; health; human; infections; influenza; influenza virus; pacific; poultry; region; september; virus; viruses; western
cache: wpsar-630.htm
plain text: wpsar-630.txt
item: #304 of 447
id: wpsar-631
author: None
title: wpsar-631
date: None
words: 1822
flesch: 35
summary: PanStop exercises on influenza pandemic responses in the Western Pacific Region, 2007–2018 Click to download Figure 1. jpg, 1523kb A table-top exercise comprises the same stakeholders, but a facilitator guides a discussion about a simulated series of events that prompts discussion of response actions from participants. PanStop exercises typically involve artificial but realistic scenarios where human infections of a novel influenza A virus are reported from a Member State.
keywords: exercises; office; pacific; pandemic; panstop; western
cache: wpsar-631.htm
plain text: wpsar-631.txt
item: #305 of 447
id: wpsar-632
author: None
title: wpsar-632
date: None
words: 1934
flesch: 46
summary: We thank Dr Bryan Inho Kim at KCDC for sharing useful websites for infectious diseases surveillance and reliable domestic media sources in the Republic of Korea. Infectious disease surveillance system in Japan, 2018.
keywords: disease; games; health; host; korea; mass
cache: wpsar-632.htm
plain text: wpsar-632.txt
item: #306 of 447
id: wpsar-634
author: None
title: wpsar-634
date: None
words: 3406
flesch: 52
summary: 1. Age, sex and vaccination history of measles cases in Japan and Taiwan, China, March–May, 2018 Click to download Table 1. Jun 5;35(25):3309–17. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.011 pmid:28501456 [On the occurrence of measles cases associated with Okinawa prefecture (up to 19 April 2018)].
keywords: cases; china; generation; index; japan; measles; number; outbreak; taiwan
cache: wpsar-634.htm
plain text: wpsar-634.txt
item: #307 of 447
id: wpsar-635
author: None
title: wpsar-635
date: None
words: 3297
flesch: 53
summary: Assessing the changing burden of diseases at the primary health care level in rural Papua New Guinea. Port Moresby: UNICEF Papua New Guinea.
keywords: diarrhoea; disease; guinea; health; new; papua; pathogens; samples; spp; surveillance
cache: wpsar-635.htm
plain text: wpsar-635.txt
item: #308 of 447
id: wpsar-636
author: None
title: wpsar-636
date: None
words: 4472
flesch: 49
summary: The lifetime risk of TB reactivation is 5–10%, with most developing active TB in the first five years after infection.5 Treating LTBI decreases the risk of active TB by 60–90%.6 The most commonly used treatments for LTBI are six- or nine-month courses of isoniazid.7 The World Health Organization (WHO) set the goal of TB elimination by 2050 and initiated the End TB strategy in 2014.8 In Australia, the National Tuberculosis Advisory Committee (NTAC) guidelines assist TB services with achieving programme targets. One person was diagnosed with active TB.
keywords: aboriginal; acchs; health; igra; ltbi; participants; positive; ray; screening; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-636.htm
plain text: wpsar-636.txt
item: #309 of 447
id: wpsar-637
author: None
title: wpsar-637
date: None
words: 4881
flesch: 46
summary: Methods: We designed an online, semi-structured stakeholder questionnaire to collect information on global outbreak surveillance sources and limitations from participants who use epidemic intelligence and outbreak alert services in their work in government and nongovernment organizations in the Asia–Pacific region. The survey questions pertained to respondents’ employment characteristics (organization location and type, occupation and position level) and global outbreak surveillance sources (automated outbreak alerts, reasons for following outbreak news services, types of sources and services accessed, limitations of outbreak sources, timeliness and adequacy of outbreak news sources, types of journals accessed at least once a month and preferred format to receive information).
keywords: diseases; epidemic; event; global; health; intelligence; internet; news; outbreak; pacific; respondents; sources; surveillance; survey; systems
cache: wpsar-637.htm
plain text: wpsar-637.txt
item: #310 of 447
id: wpsar-639
author: None
title: wpsar-639
date: None
words: 3980
flesch: 45
summary: The epidemiology of malaria cases in Singapore was analysed. The process of risk assessment included relevant literature review, epidemiological analysis of malaria cases in Singapore, analysis of the air travel volume between Singapore and countries reporting artemisinin resistance, an assessment of the vulnerability and receptivity of Singapore, and the preparedness of Singaporean health authorities to a potential (case/introduction/outbreak) of ART-R malaria.
keywords: artemisinin; assessment; cases; countries; falciparum; gms; health; malaria; public; resistance; risk; singapore
cache: wpsar-639.htm
plain text: wpsar-639.txt
item: #311 of 447
id: wpsar-640
author: None
title: wpsar-640
date: None
words: 1544
flesch: 40
summary: In the wake of SARS, risk communication was included as a core capacity required of Member States under the International Health Regulations (2005).5 Guidance on how to implement and build risk communication capacity has also been part of the Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases (APSED) since the first 2005 edition.6 This article discusses the lessons learnt in risk communication during the response to recent outbreaks in the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Region.
keywords: communication; health; influenza; pacific; public; risk
cache: wpsar-640.htm
plain text: wpsar-640.txt
item: #312 of 447
id: wpsar-642
author: None
title: wpsar-642
date: None
words: 4274
flesch: 51
summary: On a measure of lack of fit in time series models. Time-series modelling of dengue incidence in the Mekong Delta region of Viet Nam using remote sensing data Original Research Nga TT Pham,a Cong T Nguyena and Maria Ruth B Pineda-Cortelb a Vietnam National Space Center, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.
keywords: arima; climate; correlation; data; dengue; incidence; model; nam; provinces; region; remote; sensing; series; time; variables; viet
cache: wpsar-642.htm
plain text: wpsar-642.txt
item: #313 of 447
id: wpsar-643
author: None
title: wpsar-643
date: None
words: 3411
flesch: 51
summary: Comparison of influenza surveillance data from the Republic of Korea, selected northern hemisphere countries and Hong Kong SAR (China) from 2012 to 2017 Surveillance Report Bryan Inho Kim,a Ok Park,a Sangwon Lee,b a Division of Risk Assessment and International Cooperation, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea. To cite this article: Kim BI, Park O, Lee S. Comparison of influenza surveillance data from the Republic of Korea, selected northern hemisphere countries and Hong Kong SAR (China) from 2012 to 2017.
keywords: china; countries; data; ili; influenza; japan; korea; republic; surveillance
cache: wpsar-643.htm
plain text: wpsar-643.txt
item: #314 of 447
id: wpsar-645
author: None
title: wpsar-645
date: None
words: 4270
flesch: 50
summary: The first year of ZIKV surveillance in southern Viet Nam provided critical evidence that will inform surveillance and response efforts in Viet Nam and other countries, and offered important lessons in optimizing ZIKV surveillance systems. In 2016, the Viet Nam Ministry of Health issued an initial and a revised official case definitions guided by the international outbreak situation and local data from Viet Nam, as listed in Table 1. Table 1. ZIKV surveillance case definitions used in Viet Nam, February–December 2016 Click to download Table 1.
keywords: cases; disease; health; nam; quarter; surveillance; system; viet; virus; zika; zikv
cache: wpsar-645.htm
plain text: wpsar-645.txt
item: #315 of 447
id: wpsar-652
author: None
title: wpsar-652
date: None
words: 4246
flesch: 53
summary: Our findings show higher mortality compared to other endemic and hyperendemic countries in South-East Asia and South America where dengue mortality during outbreak and non-outbreak years ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 per 100 000 population.28,29 Literature suggests dengue deaths have increased over the last few decades in some countries and regions.28–30 Increased mortality has also been attributed to greater health-seeking behaviour and increased sensitivity of surveillance for detecting dengue deaths.28 We aimed to characterize the demographic features of affected individuals and to determine dengue mortality during the outbreak.
keywords: age; cases; deaths; dengue; fiji; health; incidence; laboratory; mortality; outbreak; pacific; population; public; years
cache: wpsar-652.htm
plain text: wpsar-652.txt
item: #316 of 447
id: wpsar-654
author: None
title: wpsar-654
date: None
words: 3025
flesch: 48
summary: Both conventional RT–PCR and real-time RT–PCR assays are rapid, sensitive methods for detecting the genetic material of influenza viruses. However, the mutation at position 295 in HA1 protein has minor impact on RT–PCR performance; therefore, conventional RT–PCR may be the best assay to use for influenza A(H1)pdm09 detection where a new probe is being modified or developed.18 Molecular assays, such as RT–PCR, have been accepted as the gold standard diagnostic tool for the detection of influenza viruses, and real-time RT–PCR has been a key development in PCR-based technology, significantly increasing the sensitivity and reducing the turnaround time compared with conventional PCR.
keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09; influenza; isolates; nam; pcr; time; time rt; viet; viruses
cache: wpsar-654.htm
plain text: wpsar-654.txt
item: #317 of 447
id: wpsar-656
author: None
title: wpsar-656
date: None
words: 3087
flesch: 33
summary: Quality microbiological diagnostics and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, an essential component of antimicrobial resistance surveillance and control efforts in Pacific island nations. PROBLEM Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human health.1,2 Patients with sepsis who are treated with an antimicrobial for which the causative pathogen is non-susceptible have an increased risk of mortality.2 The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Antimicrobial Surveillance System prioritizes the following bacterial pathogens, commonly associated with resistance, for surveillance: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Salmonella, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.3 Resistance to these pathogens is associated with poor response to treatment, prolonged hospitalization and excess mortality.4 Knowledge of bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) patterns is the cornerstone of an effective clinical and public health response to AMR.
keywords: amr; antimicrobial; ast; blood; culture; health; island; laboratory; nations; pacific; susceptibility; testing
cache: wpsar-656.htm
plain text: wpsar-656.txt
item: #318 of 447
id: wpsar-658
author: None
title: wpsar-658
date: None
words: 1784
flesch: 52
summary: Kim CJ, Choi WS, Jung Y, Kiem S, Seol HY, Woo HJ, et al. Surveillance of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) infection in healthcare workers after contact with confirmed MERS patients: incidence and risk factors of MERS-CoV seropositivity. As the transmissibility of MERS is unclear,3 it is possible that responders were infected by being exposed to MERS patients.
keywords: contact; health; korea; mers; patients; republic; seoul
cache: wpsar-658.htm
plain text: wpsar-658.txt
item: #319 of 447
id: wpsar-660
author: None
title: wpsar-660
date: None
words: 4706
flesch: 51
summary: Recent studies in Viet Nam documented high HCV infection prevalence among PWID, with up to 80% of PWID exposed to the virus.7,8 More recently, injection drug use also correlated with HCV infection among Vietnamese men who have sex with men (MSM).9 There is an assumption that female sex workers (FSW) have an elevated risk for blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections, potentially through dual sexual and drug use transmission pathways, but there is limited information on HCV in this population globally, including in Viet Nam. In contrast to most population or risk group–based estimates of HCV infection, the inclusion of HCV core antigen testing provided data on active HCV infection.
keywords: drug; exposure; fsw; hbv; hcv; health; hepatitis; hiv; infection; nam; prevalence; risk; sex; use; viet
cache: wpsar-660.htm
plain text: wpsar-660.txt
item: #320 of 447
id: wpsar-662
author: None
title: wpsar-662
date: None
words: 3139
flesch: 52
summary: Multivariate analysis showed that females have higher private health care use than males (P P P Table 3. Analysis of demographic profile with use of private compared with public health-care facilities Click to download Table 3. jpg, 416kb Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the pattern of health facility use among dengue patients in Malaysia. This may also explain why the urban population has higher use of private health care.
keywords: care; dengue; facilities; health; klang; malaysia; patients; use; valley
cache: wpsar-662.htm
plain text: wpsar-662.txt
item: #321 of 447
id: wpsar-663
author: None
title: wpsar-663
date: None
words: 4661
flesch: 52
summary: Results Description of syphilis cases and controls During the study period, a total of 123 participants (41 cases and 82 controls) agreed to participate and were enrolled in the study. However, this clinic reported the largest number of syphilis cases in Tokyo, representing 18% (76/417 cases) of cases notified from Tokyo in 2013.26 The clinic-based controls also accounted for biases associated with health care–seeking behaviours and helped ensure that cases and controls arose from the same population.
keywords: cases; controls; hiv; infection; japan; men; positive; sex; study; syphilis; tokyo
cache: wpsar-663.htm
plain text: wpsar-663.txt
item: #322 of 447
id: wpsar-672
author: Zhang, Tinglu; Li, Zhentao; Luo, Peiliang; Sun, Qingjun
title: An accidental household outbreak of paliperidone palmitate poisoning via pancake consumption in Lianyungang, China
date: 2020-12-28
words: 2956
flesch: 56
summary: Confirmed cases were defined as those probable cases in which blood, stool or vomitus specimens tested positive for paliperidone palmitate and/or its metabolites. The poisoning substance was suspected to be paliperidone palmitate based on the patients’ symptoms and epidemiological findings.
keywords: cases; china; food; lianyungang; paliperidone; palmitate; patients; poisoning
cache: wpsar-672.pdf
plain text: wpsar-672.txt
item: #323 of 447
id: wpsar-674
author: None
title: wpsar-674
date: None
words: 3615
flesch: 47
summary: This regional analysis presents an evaluation of the extent and function of IHR event communication in the WHO Western Pacific Region as informed by email records of the WPRO IHR CP and experiences from IHR Exercises Crystal. IHR event communication has also been used for sharing information with WHO on events that do not constitute a PHEIC.
keywords: communication; health; ihr; nfps; pacific; western; wpro
cache: wpsar-674.htm
plain text: wpsar-674.txt
item: #324 of 447
id: wpsar-675
author: None
title: wpsar-675
date: None
words: 4275
flesch: 39
summary: Qualitative data included written feedback from the survey and a focus group discussion (FGD) conducted with FETP supervisors at the 8th South-East Asia and Western Pacific Bi-regional TEPHINET Conference. However, none of the literature captures the particular needs and expectations of FETP supervisors.
keywords: epidemiology; fetp; field; health; programme; skills; supervision; supervisors; survey; trainees; training
cache: wpsar-675.htm
plain text: wpsar-675.txt
item: #325 of 447
id: wpsar-679
author: None
title: wpsar-679
date: None
words: 5040
flesch: 49
summary: Building the hospital event-based surveillance system in Viet Nam: a qualitative study to identify potential facilitators and barriers for event reporting. In this study, we showed that an enabling environment is critical for timely event reporting.
keywords: event; health; hospital; medicine; nam; public; reporting; sector; staff; study; system; viet
cache: wpsar-679.htm
plain text: wpsar-679.txt
item: #326 of 447
id: wpsar-681
author: None
title: wpsar-681
date: None
words: 5104
flesch: 54
summary: The objectives of this study were to conduct a detailed analysis of patient delay in Japan, investigate the risk factors for patient delay and discuss implications for social protection measures for TB patients, especially in a country where UHC was achieved decades ago. Farah MG, Rygh JH, Steen TW, Selmer R, Heldal E, Bjune G. Patient and health care system delays in the start of tuberculosis treatment in Norway.
keywords: care; delay; factors; health; insurance; japan; japanese; patients; people; risk; study; symptoms; treatment; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-681.htm
plain text: wpsar-681.txt
item: #327 of 447
id: wpsar-682
author: None
title: wpsar-682
date: None
words: 4148
flesch: 55
summary: Methods: Information about TB patients was obtained from the BDH TB patient register for the period 26 April 2013 to 25 February 2017. The locations of TB patients were mapped, and the spatial scan statistic was used to identify high- and low-rate TB clusters in the BDH catchment area.
keywords: balimo; clusters; gogodala; guinea; health; new; papua; patients; population; rate; region; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-682.htm
plain text: wpsar-682.txt
item: #328 of 447
id: wpsar-683
author: None
title: wpsar-683
date: None
words: 6055
flesch: 48
summary: For chlamydia, prevalence data were additionally adjusted for prevalence decline with age.10 To obtain the prevalence for those aged 15–49 years, prevalences from studies that sampled only younger populations (aged 15–24 years) were multiplied by 0.60, and data points from exclusively older populations (aged ≥25 years) were multiplied by 1.39. Similar to syphilis, prevalence data for gonorrhoea and chlamydia were increased by 10% to account for higher-risk populations not represented or underrepresented in general population surveys.13 Each data point was assigned a weight to reflect its representativeness.
keywords: chlamydia; countries; data; estimates; fiji; gonorrhoea; health; new; png; prevalence; spectrum; sti; syphilis; trends; women
cache: wpsar-683.htm
plain text: wpsar-683.txt
item: #329 of 447
id: wpsar-684
author: Flood, Louise; McConnell, Matthew; Molchanoff, Luda; Dodd, Zell; Sisnowski, Jana; Fidock, Melissa; Miller, Tina; Borresen, Karli; Vogt, Hannah; Lane, Andrew
title: Lessons from a community vaccination programme to control a meningococcal disease serogroup W outbreak in remote South Australia, 2017
date: 2021-03-08
words: 3601
flesch: 38
summary: As meningococcal ACWY vaccination has been funded under the National Immunisation Program from July 2018 for infants and April 2019 for adolescents, there may not be a need for ad hoc community vaccina- Fig. Number and overall coverage estimates of meningococcal ACWY vaccination by suburb and postcode, South Australia, 2017 Location Vaccination events (n) Population denominatora Estimated coverage Total No. in target suburbs and case contactsb 3180 4000–4500 71–80% Ceduna 1584
keywords: aboriginal; australia; cases; ceduna; community; health; meningococcal; programme; south; vaccination
cache: wpsar-684.pdf
plain text: wpsar-684.txt
item: #330 of 447
id: wpsar-688
author: None
title: wpsar-688
date: None
words: 3086
flesch: 55
summary: Additionally, syphilis age groups were adjusted from five-year to 10-year age groups ( 45) for sample size, while other STI age groups are compared to those 30+ years. Older age groups (aged 45 and above) were more likely to have a positive syphilis test in both 2014 and 2017 when compared to those aged 15–24 years.
keywords: age; chlamydia; hepatitis; odds; samoa; syphilis; testing; years
cache: wpsar-688.htm
plain text: wpsar-688.txt
item: #331 of 447
id: wpsar-691
author: None
title: wpsar-691
date: None
words: 3656
flesch: 46
summary: Respondents who believed in the protective nature of vaccines were less likely to report vaccine hesitancy and were nine times less likely to refuse vaccination for their children because of negative media exposure. The Working Group Matrix (“Matrix”) is more comprehensive and aims to categorize the determinants of vaccine hesitancy into three major groups: contextual influences (influences arising due to historic, sociocultural, environmental, health system/institutional, economic or political factors); individual and group influences (influences arising from personal perception of the vaccine or influences of the social/peer environment); and vaccine/vaccination-specific issues (issues directly related to vaccines or vaccination).12,13
keywords: children; dengvaxia; health; hesitancy; information; manila; media; philippines; respondents; study; vaccination; vaccine
cache: wpsar-691.htm
plain text: wpsar-691.txt
item: #332 of 447
id: wpsar-693
author: None
title: wpsar-693
date: None
words: 2254
flesch: 54
summary: Cross-border communication of measles outbreaks involving other airports might have provided data to plug the loophole and better reflect the actual outbreak situation. We demonstrated that early recognition of an outbreak and prompt control measures, especially vaccination for a potentially exposed population, can quickly control measles outbreaks.
keywords: airport; cases; hong; measles; outbreak; workers
cache: wpsar-693.htm
plain text: wpsar-693.txt
item: #333 of 447
id: wpsar-696
author: None
title: wpsar-696
date: None
words: 1685
flesch: 34
summary: Area 2: Laboratory diagnostic capacity Gaps in laboratory diagnostic capacity were assessed against the following criterion: Each country should ideally have at least one laboratory at the reference laboratory level with additional expertise available through a regional reference laboratory and the WHO reference centre when required. Key topics covered in the survey included: diptheria surveillance; laboratory capacity and diagnostic services; laboratory training, external quality assurance (EQA) and support needs; serology and population immunity screening; and public health (i.e. use of guidelines/manuals for diagnostics and case management, and availability of antitoxin).
keywords: countries; diphtheria; laboratory; surveillance; western
cache: wpsar-696.htm
plain text: wpsar-696.txt
item: #334 of 447
id: wpsar-697
author: None
title: wpsar-697
date: None
words: 1409
flesch: 56
summary: The last outbreak occurred in 2012–2013, with more than 17 000 cases of rubella and 45 cases of CRS.4 From 2013 to mid-2018, only sporadic or imported cases of rubella were reported in Japan.4,5 However, an upsurge of rubella cases was observed between July and August 2018 in the south Kanto region (Chiba, Kanagawa and Tokyo prefectures), and epidemics were subsequently reported in regions of Japan.6 In 2018, 2917 cases of rubella were reported, marking the second largest epidemic since 2008, when rubella was classified as a notifiable disease in Japan.6 During the first half 2019, 1935 cases of rubella and three cases of CRS were reported.7 The characteristics of rubella epidemics in Osaka prefecture are described in this text. The number of rubella cases related to importation from South-eastern and East Asia doubled in Japan in 2018, compared with the number over the past four years.10 We believe that the epidemic may be in part attributable to immunization strategies that left a susceptible population in Japan as well as potential introduction of rubella virus from other countries.
keywords: cases; epidemic; japan; osaka; rubella
cache: wpsar-697.htm
plain text: wpsar-697.txt
item: #335 of 447
id: wpsar-702
author: None
title: wpsar-702
date: None
words: 4880
flesch: 47
summary: Methods: We used generalized additive time series models to estimate the association between the proportion of respiratory tests positive for influenza infection in Singapore reported to the World Health Organization every week, and the population rate of polyclinic attendances in Singapore for physician-diagnosed URTI, which includes influenza-like illness (ILI), for six years from 2012 through 2017. Recent global estimates of influenza-associated mortality are in the range of 290 000–650 000 deaths every year.1 Availability of hospital admission and vital statistics databases on mean hospitalizations or deaths attributable to influenza are most often studied.2 However, influenza infections leading to health care for relatively mild symptoms often go unobserved at the population level.
keywords: attendances; chickenpox; dengue; fever; health; infections; influenza; model; number; polyclinic; singapore; time; urti; week
cache: wpsar-702.htm
plain text: wpsar-702.txt
item: #336 of 447
id: wpsar-704
author: See, Wanhan; Ng, Yi Kai; Cui, Lin; Kita, Yuske; Ooi, Steven Peng-Lim; Lee, Vernon; Heng, Derrick Mok Kwee; Lin, Raymond Tzer Pin
title: Singapore's efforts to achieve measles elimination in 2018
date: 2021-07-12
words: 4625
flesch: 59
summary: This documentation was collated by the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the period of 2015 to 2017, in consultation with Singapore’s National Verification Committee, and included descriptions of the national immunization schedule, surveillance system and laboratory testing protocols as well as analysis of immunization coverage, the incidence and epidemiology of measles cases, and molecular analysis. In the 1990s, when the global numbers of measles cases were high and transmission occurred even in countries with high immunization rates, many countries, including Singapore, adopted a two-dose schedule.11,12 The timeline of changes to Singapore’s measles immunization schedule is summarized in Table 1. Surveillance system Measles became a notifiable disease under the Infec- tious Diseases Act (1976) in October 1980.
keywords: cases; dose; elimination; group; health; immunization; import; measles; singapore; vaccination
cache: wpsar-704.pdf
plain text: wpsar-704.txt
item: #337 of 447
id: wpsar-705
author: Lee, Alice Unah; Jackson, Kathy; Tekoaua, Rosemary; Lee, Caroline; Huntley, Margaret Sue; Hilmers, David Carl
title: A programme to treat chronic hepatitis B in Kiribati: progress and challenges
date: 2020-09-30
words: 3048
flesch: 50
summary: Discussions are also under way to implement treatment programmes to interrupt maternal-to-child transmission in these countries. Although there is not a cure, its effects can be ameliorated by the implementation of proven prevention strategies and national treatment programmes using effective antiviral therapy for those already infected.
keywords: chb; health; hepatitis; kiribati; laboratory; pacific; patients; programme; treatment; viral
cache: wpsar-705.pdf
plain text: wpsar-705.txt
item: #338 of 447
id: wpsar-706
author: O'Connor, Stephanie A.; Hancock, W. Thane; Ada, Estelle; Anzures, Edlen; Baza, Christine; Aguon, Annette L.; Cruz, Doris; Johnson, Eliaser; Mallari, Allan J.; McCready, Jill A.; Niedenthal, Jack; Pobutsky, Ann; Santos, Anne Marie; Santos, Jose Villagomez; Sasamoto, Jeremy; Tomokane, Portia; Villagomez, Warren; White, Paul
title: Emergence of influenza B/Victoria in the Micronesian US-affiliated Pacific Islands, spring 2019
date: 2021-10-27
words: 5039
flesch: 56
summary: During weeks 1–20, only 5% of influenza cases reported by the US to GISRS were caused by influenza B viruses.7 The Oceania–Melanesia– Polynesia influenza transmission zone, of which all US-affiliated Pacific Islands are members, had similarly low levels of influenza B cases, according to the global reporting system.7 Patterns of confirmed influenza cases in the broader WHO Western Pacific Region, driven in large part by data from China, were similar to those noted for states other than Pohnpei, the number of ILI cases in Yap exceeded the threshold indicating heightened ILI activity during weeks 14–16. Republic of the Marshall Islands Influenza cases were reported in RMI later than in the other US-affiliated Pacific Islands and exceeded the expected ILI threshold only on the main island of Majuro. In mid- February, influenza B cases began to increase in China, and comprised 82% of cases by week 20.7 Influenza B began appearing around the same time in the Republic of Korea, increasing to account for more than 90% of confirmed influenza cases during weeks 18–20.7
keywords: cases; data; guam; health; ili; influenza; islands; pacific; week; years
cache: wpsar-706.pdf
plain text: wpsar-706.txt
item: #339 of 447
id: wpsar-709
author: Hodgetts, Andrew; Massey, Peter; Redman-MacLaren, Michelle; Bainbridge, Roxanne
title: Community first responders: A missing key to reducing the impact of injury and illness in low- and middle-income countries in the Western Pacific?
date: 2021-06-22
words: 1431
flesch: 54
summary: Sick or injured children can lose valuable time away from education, T he higher burdens of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Western Pacific Region (WPR) could be reduced if there were community first responders qualified in first aid and trained according to the local context. In the WPR, the leading causes of death of people aged 5–49 years are violence and injury, which claim the lives of 1 million people each year.1 Emerging data highlight the burden of violence and injury in the Region,1 but there are no reliable data to indicate the potential benefits of having community first responders.
keywords: aid; community; health; injury; pacific; responders
cache: wpsar-709.pdf
plain text: wpsar-709.txt
item: #340 of 447
id: wpsar-718
author: Jamoralin, Jr, Manuel C.; Argimon, Silvia; Lagrada, Marietta L.; Villamin, Alfred S.; Masim, Melissa L.; Gayeta, June M.; Boehme, Karis D.; Olorosa, Agnettah M.; Sia, Sonia B.; Hufano, Charmian M.; Cohen, Victoria; Hernandez, Lara T.; Jeffrey, Benjamin; Abudahab, Khalil; Stelling, John; Holden, Matthew T.G.; Aanensen, David M.; Carlos, Celia C.
title: Genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Philippines, 2013–2014: N. gonorrhoeae surveillance in the Philippines
date: 2021-02-26
words: 5075
flesch: 47
summary: This first genomic survey of N. gonorrhoeae isolates collected by ARSP will be used to contextualize prospective surveillance. Number of N. gonorrhoeae isolates analysed by ARSP and referred to the reference labo- ratory during 2013 and 2014, isolates sub- mitted for WGS and high-quality N. gonor- rhoeae genomes obtained, by sentinel site and AMR profile CVM:
keywords: amr; center; cip; genomes; genomic; gonorrhoeae; isolates; medical; pen; philippines; resistance; surveillance; susceptibility
cache: wpsar-718.pdf
plain text: wpsar-718.txt
item: #341 of 447
id: wpsar-719
author: Chilam, Jeremiah; Argimon, Silvia; Limas, Marilyn T.; Masim, Melissa L.; Gayeta, June M.; Lagrada, Marietta L.; Olorosa, Agnettah M.; Cohen, Victoria; Hernandez, Lara T.; Jeffrey, Benjamin; Abudahab, Khalil; Hufano, Charmian M.; Sia, Sonia B.; Holden, Matthew T.G.; Stelling, John; Aanensen, David M.; Carlos, Celia C.
title: Genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines, 2013-2014: P. aeruginosa surveillance in the Philippines
date: 2021-04-28
words: 9080
flesch: 54
summary: 1A-C. Annual resistance rates to nine antibiotics of P. aeruginosa isolates referred to the ARSP, 2005–2014 AMK: amikacin; CAZ: ceftazidime; CIP: ciprofloxacin; FEP: cefepime; GEN: gentamicin; IPM: imipenem; LVX: levofloxacin; MEM: meropenem; TZP: piperacillin-tazobactam. Total number of P. aeruginosa isolates analysed by the ARSP and referred to the ARSRL during 2013 and 2014, isolates submitted for WGS, and high-quality P. aeruginosa genomes obtained, discriminated by sentinel site and AMR profile Number of isolates 2013 2014 Total Total ARSP 3591 4286 7877 Referred to ARSRL 443 283 726 Submitted for WGS 89 90 179 High-quality genomes 87 89 176 By sentinel site * BGH 2 4 6 BRH 0 5 5 CMC 0 1 1 CVM 2 3 5 DMC 5 2 7 EVR 2 2 4 FEU 2 2 4 GMH 4 4 8 JLM 2 5 7 MMH 3 5 8 NKI 10 16 26 NMC 3 8 11 RMC 2 0 2 SLH 0 1 1 STU 5 4 9 VSM 32 16 48 By AMR profile **
keywords: aeruginosa; caz; caz fep; cip; d lof; fep; fep ipm; gen; genomes; ipm; ipm mem; isolates; mem; mem tzp; nalc; oprd lof; philippines; resistance; st235; tob; tzp; wpsar
cache: wpsar-719.pdf
plain text: wpsar-719.txt
item: #342 of 447
id: wpsar-722
author: Lam, Ho Yeung; Lam, Tsz Sum; Wong, Chi Hong; Lam, Wing Hang; Leung, Chi Mei Emily; Lam, Chau Kuen Yonnie; Lau, Tin Wai Winnie; Ho, Chi Hin Billy; Wong, Ka Hing; Chuang, Shuk Kwan
title: A superspreading event involving a cluster of 14 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections from a family gathering in Hong Kong SAR (China)
date: 2020-11-13
words: 3018
flesch: 45
summary: In Hong Kong SAR (China), family gatherings involv- ing relatives from other extended families and friends are quite common during major festivities (e.g. Chinese New Year) and are considered an important local tradition. He worked as a sales representative and denied having any contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases.
keywords: cases; china; covid-19; family; gathering; onset; patient; positive; sars
cache: wpsar-722.pdf
plain text: wpsar-722.txt
item: #343 of 447
id: wpsar-724
author: Koh, David SQ; Wong, Sheena XM; Wong, Justin
title: Testing for COVID-19 cases in ASEAN
date: 2020-11-13
words: 1803
flesch: 50
summary: Valid data describing the number and distribution of COVID-19 cases are critical for the design and implementation of containment strategies; however, timely and accurate measurement of disease incidence continues to pose challenges.1 To obtain an accurate picture of the scale of the outbreak, we reviewed the count of cases and tests, as well as the testing rate and the proportion of positive tests, in Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The number of COVID-19 cases reported in a country is dependent on its surveillance sensitivity and laboratory testing capacity.
keywords: asean; cases; countries; covid-19; number; testing
cache: wpsar-724.pdf
plain text: wpsar-724.txt
item: #344 of 447
id: wpsar-725
author: Amit, Arianna Maever L; Pepito, Veincent Christian F; Dayrit, Manuel M
title: Early response to COVID-19 in the Philippines
date: 2021-02-05
words: 2156
flesch: 47
summary: Published: 5 February 2021 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.1.014 THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH SYSTEM AND THE THREAT OF PUBLIC HEALTH EMER- GENCIES D espite improvements during the past decade, the Philippines continues to face challenges in responding to public health emergencies because of poorly distributed resources and capacity. Inadequate, poorly distributed resources and ca- pacity nationally and subnationally have made it difficult to respond adequately to public health emergencies in the past, as in the case of typhoon Haiyan in 2013.6
keywords: capacity; community; covid-19; government; health; philippines; response; testing
cache: wpsar-725.pdf
plain text: wpsar-725.txt
item: #345 of 447
id: wpsar-743
author: Salva Villarama, Eumelia; Lopez, Edmundo; Sayo, Ana Ria; Seposo, Xerxes; Ariyoshi, Koya; Smith, Chris
title: COVID-19 is moving to high-density, poor residential areas in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines
date: 2021-01-08
words: 1203
flesch: 56
summary: We support these observations with data from San Lazaro Hospital, the national infectious diseases hospital, which serves a low-income population in Manila City, the most densely populated city within Metropolitan Manila (Fig. 1). Confirmed cases of COVID-19 San Lazaro Hospital < 14 000 14 001 to 28 000 28 001 to 42 000 42 001 to 57 000 > 57 000 Population density (persons per square kilometre) N u m b e r o f c a s e s + 6 5 4 3 2 Date 1 0 25 /0
keywords: cases; covid-19; hospital; manila
cache: wpsar-743.pdf
plain text: wpsar-743.txt
item: #346 of 447
id: wpsar-748
author: Lam, Tsz-sum; Wong, Chi-hong; Lam, Wing-hang; Lam, Ho-yeung; Lam, Yonnie Chau-kuen; Leung, Emily Chi-mei; Chuang, Shuk kwan
title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak during a Chinese New Year dinner in a restaurant, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region SAR (China), 2020
date: 2021-02-16
words: 1500
flesch: 43
summary: Epidemic curve of Chinese New Year restaurant dinner COVID-19 outbreak WPSAR Vol 12, No 1, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.2.006https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 COVID-19 outbreak during a Chinese New Year dinner in a restaurant, Hong Kong SAR (China)Lam et al 2. RESULTS Patient 1 was home based, had no recent travel history outside Hong Kong SAR (China) and denied having any contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases.
keywords: covid-19; health; hong
cache: wpsar-748.pdf
plain text: wpsar-748.txt
item: #347 of 447
id: wpsar-759
author: Khamphaphongphane, Bouaphanh; Chiew, May; Mott, Joshua; Khamphanoulath, Sombandith; Khanthamaly, Viengphone; Vilivong, Keooudomphone; Sisouk, Thongchanh; Bell, Leila; Dueger, Erica; Sullivan, Sheena; Iuliano, Angela Daniella; Tsuyuoka, Reiko; Keosavanh, Onechanh
title: Estimating the national burden of hospitalizations for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2016
date: 2021-06-22
words: 5277
flesch: 39
summary: Advances in measuring influenza burden of disease. Vol 12, No 2, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.2.001 https://ojs.wpro.who.int/2 Khamphaphongphane et alNational burden of influenza in Lao People’s Democratic Republic Data sources SARI influenza surveillance system for hospitalized patients In Lao PDR, patients are identified as having SARI if they have a history of subjective or measured fever of ≥38 °C and cough, with onset occurring within the last 7 days, and if they required hospitalization.
keywords: burden; catchment; health; hospital; influenza; lao; patients; people; population; provincial; sari; sentinel; years
cache: wpsar-759.pdf
plain text: wpsar-759.txt
item: #348 of 447
id: wpsar-761
author: Choo, Sanny Zi Lung; Shafri, Hazirah; Johan, Fatimah Al-Zahara; Basir, Norwani; Chong, Pui Lin; Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Tan, Jackson; Thottacherry, Dilip Joseph; Ahmad, Muhammad Ady Adillah; Chong, Vui Heng
title: Screening of hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam
date: 2021-04-21
words: 1988
flesch: 55
summary: Patients were interviewed according to the usual contact-tracing protocol, and family members and Screening of hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam Sanny Zi Lung Choo,a Hazirah Shafri,a Fatimah Al-Zahara Johan,a Norwani Basir,a Pui Ling Chong,a Muhammad Syafiq Abdullah,a,b Rosmonaliza Asli,a Jackson Tan,a,b Dilip Joseph Thottacherry,c Mohammad Ady Adillah Ahmadd and Vui Heng Chonga,b Correspondence to Vui Heng Chong (vuiheng.chong@moh.gov.bn) WPSAR The areas that would improve the screening pro- gramme include: rapid dissemination and implementa- tion of revised criteria and other relevant documents to front-line health-care workers; maintaining open communication among team members in various de- partments; and continuous audits of screened patients to improve the screening process.
keywords: brunei; covid-19; days; hospital; patients; screening
cache: wpsar-761.pdf
plain text: wpsar-761.txt
item: #349 of 447
id: wpsar-762
author: Williams, Wendy; van Gemert, Caroline; Mariasua, Joanne; Iavro, Edna; Fred, Debbie; Nausien, Johnny; Manwo, Obed; Atua, Vincent; Pakoa, George Junior; Tassiets, Annie; Knox, Tessa B; Buttsworth, Michael; Clark, Geoff; Cornish, Matthew; Tapo, Posikai Samuel; Tarivonda, Len; Guyant, Philippe
title: Challenges to implementation and strengthening of initial COVID-19 surveillance in Vanuatu: January–April 2020
date: 2021-04-05
words: 4268
flesch: 41
summary: b Vanuatu Health Program, Port Vila, Vanuatu. Enhancement for COVID-19 surveillance Among reports submitted from seven private clinics in the general practitioners’ sentinel surveillance system between EW14 and EW18, there were also fluctuations in the number of consultations for ILI (range: 6–45), and a sustained increase was not observed (Table 3).
keywords: april; cases; covid-19; data; health; january; nc nc; public; surveillance; system; testing; vanuatu
cache: wpsar-762.pdf
plain text: wpsar-762.txt
item: #350 of 447
id: wpsar-763
author: Thamtono, Yoser; Moa, Aye; MacIntyre, Chandini Raina
title: Using open-source intelligence to identify early signals of COVID-19 in Indonesia
date: 2021-02-17
words: 3213
flesch: 45
summary: Meanwhile, other provinces may have underdetection of COVID-19 cases; for example, Bali notified a low number of confirmed COVID-19 cases compared with the Epi- WATCH-reported cases of pneumonia of unknown cause. Methods: Using open-source data on pneumonia of unknown cause in Indonesia between 1 November 2019 and 31 March 2020 (extracted from EpiWATCH, an open-source epidemic observatory), a descriptive analysis was performed to identify the trend of pneumonia of unknown cause in Indonesia before official notification of COVID-19 cases.
keywords: cases; cause; covid-19; epiwatch; health; indonesia; march; pneumonia
cache: wpsar-763.pdf
plain text: wpsar-763.txt
item: #351 of 447
id: wpsar-764
author: Lee, Alice Unah; Mair, Luke; Kevin, Bob; Gandi, Lily; Tarumuri, Olive; Lee, Caroline; Huntley, Sue; Hilmers, David Carl
title: Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in Oro Province, Papua New Guinea
date: 2020-12-16
words: 2264
flesch: 51
summary: Vol 11, No 4, 2020 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.001https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in Papua New GuineaHilmers et al education, community HBsAg screening and birth-dose vaccination, which have been prioritized in Oro Province, must be implemented nationwide to achieve the WHO goal of elimination of hepatitis B by 2030. Volunteers from Hepatitis B Free (HBF), an Austral- ian non-profit organization, were invited by community leaders and provincial health officials in Oro Province in PNG to address the gap in vaccination against hepatitis B in remote villages.
keywords: age; chb; health; hepatitis; prevalence; years
cache: wpsar-764.pdf
plain text: wpsar-764.txt
item: #352 of 447
id: wpsar-769
author: Tran, Duong Nhu; Le, Quynh Mai Thi; Nguyen, Hien Tran; Ngu, Nghia Duy; Nguyen, Khoa Trong; Nguyen, Tuan Hai; Tran, Tu Anh; Ngo, Tu Huy; Hoang, Mai Phuong Vu; Dang, Anh Duc
title: The first community outbreak of COVID-19 in Viet Nam: description and lessons learned
date: 2021-04-27
words: 5809
flesch: 53
summary: Shortly thereafter, a clus- ter of COVID-19 cases was detected among Vietnamese workers returning to the northern province of Vinh Phuc after 3 months of corporate training in Wuhan. Featuring COVID-19 cases via screening symptomatic patients with epidemiologic link during flu season in a medical center of central Taiwan.
keywords: cases; community; contacts; covid-19; nam; outbreak; viet
cache: wpsar-769.pdf
plain text: wpsar-769.txt
item: #353 of 447
id: wpsar-770
author: Natoli, Lisa; Gaysuren, Narangoo; Odkhuu, Densmaa; Bell, Veronica
title: Mongolia Red Cross Society, influenza preparedness planning and the response to COVID-19: the case for investing in epidemic preparedness
date: 2020-11-13
words: 1326
flesch: 28
summary: 1WPSAR Vol 11, No 4, 2020 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.2.013 Perspective a Australian Red Cross, Melbourne, Australia b Mongolian Red Cross Society, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Published: 13 November 2020 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.2.013 G lobally, seasonal influenza contributes to approximately 291 000 to 645 000 deaths each year.1 The burden of annual influenza epidemics can be particularly high in low- and middle-income countries1 such as Mongolia,2 which experienced a nationwide epidemic of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 in the winter of 2018–2019. the preparedness plan set out actions for MRCS to contribute to mitigating the threat of seasonal influenza, including annual training of volunteers, pre-positioning of health communication materials and hand sanitizer, and strengthening planning and collabora- tion with local authorities and stakeholders.
keywords: covid-19; health; influenza; mrcs; preparedness; response
cache: wpsar-770.pdf
plain text: wpsar-770.txt
item: #354 of 447
id: wpsar-772
author: Chong, Vui Heng; Wong, Justin; Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Momin, Riamiza Natalie; Ahmed, Siti Nabilah; Tamin, Norhasyimah; Mani, Babu Ivan; Chong, Pui Lin
title: COVID-19 patients with negative results on initial screening: Experience of Brunei Darussalam
date: 2022-01-06
words: 2267
flesch: 58
summary: Case 7 (spouse of case 6) had two negative tests: initially as a contact of the index case and then when case 6 retested positive. At the time this study was conducted, Brunei Darussalam had remained at WHO stage 1 of transmission (imported cases only) for over one year,7,8 Case (cluster) Age/ sex Number of initial negative tests for SARS- CoV-2 Number of days be- tween index positive confirmation and testing Number of days between negative test and positive test Indication for re- peat testing (days after initial test) Disease severity Possible source of infection 1 (A) 45/F 1 1 3 Symptoms (3) Mild All cases were contacts of the index case (spouse of case 5) who had returned from an overseas trip 2 (A) 33/M 1 1 4 Symptoms (3) Mild 3 (A) 50/F 1 1 4 Symptoms (4) Moderate 4 (A) 51/F 1 1 4 Symptoms (4) Mild 5 (A) 72/M 1 0 6 Asymptomatic, family request Mild 6 (A) 43/M 1 0 6 Symptoms (5) Mild 7 (A) 36/F 2 1 7 10 Spouse (case 6) tested positive Symptoms (7) Mild 8 (B) 40/F 1 0 7 Symptoms (7) Mild Contact of two confirmed cases: spouse (admitted 7 days earlier) and daughter (admitted 5 days earlier) 9 (C) 28/M 1 0 8 Symptoms (4) Mild Sibling was a confirmed case 10 (D) 39/F 1 2 1 Persistent symptoms (1) Mild Contact of two confirmed cases: spouse (admitted 3 days earlier) and son (admit- ted 2 days earlier) Table 1.
keywords: cases; covid-19; darussalam; negative; quarantine; symptoms; testing
cache: wpsar-772.pdf
plain text: wpsar-772.txt
item: #355 of 447
id: wpsar-778
author: Seposo, Xerxes Tesoro
title: Dengue at the time of COVID-19 in the Philippines
date: 2021-05-07
words: 1226
flesch: 56
summary: The renewed rise of COVID-19 cases and the roll-out of COVID-19 vac- cinations may have an impact on dengue cases in the latter part of 2021. In the Philippines, an enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) took effect on 15 March 2020 in an effort to flatten the epidemic curve.2 ECQ involves placing stringent limitations on people’s mobility and strict regulations on various industry operations, all of which are enforced by uniformed personnel.3 In spite of the ECQ, active infections have been steadily increasing in the country, at 611 618 total cases and 12 694 deaths as of 13 March 2021.1 In 2020, the Philippines recorded a substantial decrease in the number of dengue cases, with a reduc- tion in notified cases of about 70–90% during the rainy season4 specifically from epidemiological weeks 28 to 40.5 Apart from existing control and prevention measures implemented in the country – such as the establishment of dengue centres of excellence in tertiary hospitals and the creation of dengue fast lanes – the decrease in the number of cases during the COVID-19 pandemic may be largely due to the reduced mobility of the population.
keywords: cases; covid-19; dengue; measures; philippines
cache: wpsar-778.pdf
plain text: wpsar-778.txt
item: #356 of 447
id: wpsar-784
author: Rodzlan Hasani, Wan Shakira; Ganapathy, Shubash Shander; Zhuo Lin, Chong; Mat Rifin, Halizah; Bahari, Mohammad Nazaruddin; Ghazali, Muhammad Haikal; Lodz, Noor Aliza; Ramli, Muhammad Hafizuddin Taufik; Ab Majid, Nur Liana; Miaw Yn, Jane Ling; Mohd Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Suleiman, Anita; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Balan, Venugopalan; Ngadiman, Sha’ari
title: Comorbidities and clinical features related to severe outcomes among COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia
date: 2021-02-16
words: 3791
flesch: 58
summary: Published: 16 February 2021 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.007 Comorbidities and clinical features related to severe outcomes among COVID-19 cases in Selangor, Malaysia Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani,a Shubash Shander Ganapathy,a Chong Zhuo Lin,a Halizah Mat Rifin,a Mohammad Nazarudin Bahari,b Muhammad Haikal Ghazali,b Noor Aliza Lodz,a Muhd Hafizuddin Taufik Ramli,a Nur Liana Ab Majid,a Miaw Yn Jane Ling,a Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff,a Noor Ani Ahmad,a Anita Suleiman,c Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff,d Venugopalan Balanb and Sha’ari Ngadimanb Correspondence to Wan Shakira Rodzlan Hasani (email: shaki_iera@yahoo.com or wshakira@moh.gov.my) Background: Pre-existing comorbidities can predict severe disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission among COVID-19 cases.
keywords: cases; comorbidities; covid-19; disease; health; hypertension; intubation; malaysia; patients; ventilation
cache: wpsar-784.pdf
plain text: wpsar-784.txt
item: #357 of 447
id: wpsar-786
author: Suleiman, Anita; Ngadiman, Shaari; Ramly, Mazliza; Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi; Yusof, Mohamed Paid
title: Use of movement restrictions during an outbreak of COVID-19 in Selangor, Malaysia
date: 2021-06-22
words: 2919
flesch: 57
summary: Results: During the study period, 1395 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported to the Selangor Health Department, of which 15.8% were imported, 79.5% were linked and 4.7% were unlinked cases. RESULTS As of 28 April 2020, 1395 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported to Selangor Health Department.
keywords: cases; contact; covid-19; health; malaysia; mco; measures; selangor
cache: wpsar-786.pdf
plain text: wpsar-786.txt
item: #358 of 447
id: wpsar-791
author: Darmaa, Oyungerel; Burmaa, Alexanderyn; Gantsooj, Baataryn; Darmaa, Badarchiin; Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn; Sullivan, Sheena; Fielding, James
title: Influenza epidemiology and burden of disease in Mongolia, 2013–2014 to 2017–2018
date: 2021-06-07
words: 5569
flesch: 57
summary: Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/274263/ WER9334.pdf 6. Lee VJ, Ho ZJM, Goh EH, Campbell H, Cohen C, Cozza V, et al. Advances in measuring influenza burden of disease. Evaluating influenza disease burden during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 influenza seasons in Mongolia.
keywords: 2013–2014; burden; cases; children; disease; ili; influenza; mongolia; population; rates; sari; years
cache: wpsar-791.pdf
plain text: wpsar-791.txt
item: #359 of 447
id: wpsar-794
author: Allen, Keeley; Parry, Amy Elizabeth; Glass, Kathryn
title: Early reports of epidemiological parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic
date: 2021-05-11
words: 11100
flesch: 65
summary: Balla M, Merugu GP, Patel M, Koduri NM, Gayam V, Ada- pa S, et al. COVID-19, modern pandemic: A systematic re- view from front-line health care providers’ perspective. Although this study focuses on estimates from the early stages of the outbreak, when most of the population were susceptible WPSAR Vol 12, No 2, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2020.11.3.011https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 Early reports of epidemiological parameters of the COVID-19 pandemicAllen et al from returned travellers from Hubei province in China, using their last day of travel as their date of exposure.29 One study’s mean estimate of 9.9 days was calculated from a series of 14 cases in Viet Nam.33 A further 22 estimates of the incubation period were summarized by their median.
keywords: april; articles; china; coronavirus; covid-19; days; estimates; et al; february; health; incubation; infect; interval; january; mainland; march; med; model; number; outbreak; parameters; period; reproduction; studies; study; transmission
cache: wpsar-794.pdf
plain text: wpsar-794.txt
item: #360 of 447
id: wpsar-795
author: Morikane, Keita; Satoh, Naohito; Hatano, Kanji; Kanouchi, Kazunori; Kakehata, Seiji; Satoh, Shinya; Uyeki, Timothy; Ueno, Yoshiyuki
title: Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, Yamagata, Japan, June 2020
date: 2021-02-01
words: 1453
flesch: 57
summary: In one Chinese study, SARS-CoV-2-specific immu- noglobulin IgG and IgM were detected in serum samples from most patients (asymptomatic or symptomatic) who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR.2 This finding implies that seroepidemiological studies can be used to estimate the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in a population. Estimating the point prevalence of SARS- CoV-2 infections might be helpful in assessing popula- tion susceptibility, and in balancing public health control measures with the reopening of social and economic activities.
keywords: cov-2; population; sars; seroprevalence; study; yamagata
cache: wpsar-795.pdf
plain text: wpsar-795.txt
item: #361 of 447
id: wpsar-798
author: Han, Su Myat; Por, Ir; Samley, Keo; Bunreth, Voeurng; Smith, Chris; Ariyoshi, Koya; Dousset, Jean-Philippe; Le Paih, Mickeal
title: Costing analysis of field implementation of hepatitis C case detection in rural Maung Russey operational district, Cambodia
date: 2021-07-12
words: 4240
flesch: 59
summary: An MSF project for HCV screening and treatment was launched with existing Ministry of Health services, which included 13 health centres and a referral hospital covering the entire Maung Russey district. Our screening programme did not include health promotion; however, information on HCV screening and treatment was provided to all eligible patients during their health centre visit.
keywords: cambodia; cases; cost; district; hcv; health; hepatitis; people; screening; viraemic; years
cache: wpsar-798.pdf
plain text: wpsar-798.txt
item: #362 of 447
id: wpsar-806
author: Morishita, Fukushi; Viney, Kerri; Lowbridge, Chris; Elsayed, Hend; Oh, Kyung Hyun; Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh; Marais, Ben; Islam, Tauhid
title: Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Western Pacific Region: Progress towards the 2020 milestones of the End TB Strategy
date: 2020-12-28
words: 8388
flesch: 57
summary: Major challenges include: (1) wide variation in the geographical distribution and rate of TB incidence among countries; (2) a substantial proportion (23%) of TB cases that remain unreached, undiagnosed or unreported; (3) insufficient coverage of drug susceptibility testing (51%) for bacteriologically confirmed cases and limited use of WHO-recommended rapid diagnostics (11 countries reported <60% coverage); (4) suboptimal treatment outcomes of TB (60% of countries reported <85% success), of TB/HIV co-infection (79%) and of multidrug- or rifampicin-resistant TB (59%); (5) limited coverage of TB preventive treatment among people living with HIV (39%) and child contacts (12%); and (6) substantial proportions (35–70%) of TB-affected families facing catastrophic costs. TB case notifications The number of case notifications in the Region rose sharply between 2000 and 2007, mainly reflecting increased reporting from China, but has since remained stable, with 1 416 729 new and relapse cases noti- The decreasing trends in TB incidence and mortal- ity observed in the Region are broadly in line with global trends and are driven mainly by improvements in TB control in China.
keywords: cases; countries; estimated; health; hiv; incidence; new; pacific; range; rate; region; treatment; tuberculosis; western
cache: wpsar-806.pdf
plain text: wpsar-806.txt
item: #363 of 447
id: wpsar-808
author: Dirlikov, Emilio; Zhou, Suizan; Han, Lifeng; Li, Zhijun; Hao, Ling; Millman, Alexander; Marston, Barbara
title: Use of public data to describe COVID-19 contact tracing in Hubei Province and non-Hubei provinces in China between 20 January and 29 February 2020
date: 2021-08-12
words: 3358
flesch: 49
summary: Future investigations should better define the role of COVID-19 contact tracing and quarantine, including timeliness, prioritization of contacts who are more likely to be associated with transmission and the effectiveness of contact tracing in contexts that differ epidemiologi- cally, socially and with respect to resource availability. Contact tracing has been used in China and several other countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region as part of the COVID-19 response.
keywords: case; china; contacts; covid-19; data; health; hubei; number; province; week
cache: wpsar-808.pdf
plain text: wpsar-808.txt
item: #364 of 447
id: wpsar-811
author: Saipen, Angyap Lyn; Demot, Bernard; De Leon, Lowella
title: Dengue-COVID-19 coinfection: the first reported case in the Philippines
date: 2021-03-10
words: 2864
flesch: 57
summary: A suspicion of dengue fever was considered after a comprehensive his- tory had been taken from the patient, as she stated that dengue cases were present in her neighbourhood, with the latest case occurring one week before her symptoms commenced. To avoid missing the diagnosis, we recom- mend testing for dengue infection once there is a high level of suspicion of dengue fever.
keywords: case; covid-19; day; dengue; fever; igg; igm; infection; patient
cache: wpsar-811.pdf
plain text: wpsar-811.txt
item: #365 of 447
id: wpsar-818
author: Morishita, Fukushi; Yamanaka, Takuya; Islam, Tauhid
title: Intensified research on tuberculosis in the Western Pacific Region: a bibliometric analysis, 2000-2019
date: 2021-01-06
words: 4237
flesch: 54
summary: The Region ac- counted for 18% of global TB incidence in 2018.1 The Regional Framework for Action on Implementation of the End TB Strategy in the Western Pacific 2016–2020,12 in line with the End TB Strategy, also emphasized the importance of increasing capacity for research on TB for the development, uptake and optimum use of new interventions and proposed actions such as expanding national TB research networks, developing national TB research plans and priorities, building capacity for TB research and increasing TB research funding. The Moscow declaration to end TB (2017) and the political declaration of the United Nations high-level meeting on TB (2018) also made bold commitments for action on TB research and innovation.3 In 2020, WHO Member States adopted the Global Strategy for TB Research and Innovation for action to meet these commitments.3 Intensified TB research, unlike routine TB surveil- lance and programme activities, is difficult to monitor and evaluate quantitatively.
keywords: countries; health; number; pacific; publications; region; research; tuberculosis; western
cache: wpsar-818.pdf
plain text: wpsar-818.txt
item: #366 of 447
id: wpsar-820
author: Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh; Yuen, Tracy; Oh, Kyung Hyun; Kato, Seiya; Liu, Yuhong; Lijie, Zhang; Gao, Jingtao; Li, Liang; Chen, Zi; Kim, Cheon Tae; Amarzaya, Sarankhuu; Morishita, Fukushi; Islam, Tauhid
title: Tuberculosis outbreaks in schools: Experiences from the Western Pacific Region
date: 2021-01-25
words: 3126
flesch: 48
summary: Reports of TB outbreaks among schoolchildren have been increasing recently. Moreover, TB outbreaks in schools and among children attract intense media and community at- tention and increase scrutiny of TB programmes.
keywords: case; control; health; investigation; outbreak; schools; students; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-820.pdf
plain text: wpsar-820.txt
item: #367 of 447
id: wpsar-822
author: Ahmed Khan, Shahmshad; Webb, Cameron Ewart; Abu Kassim, Nur Faeza
title: Prioritizing mosquito-borne diseases during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
date: 2021-05-07
words: 1329
flesch: 50
summary: Malaria and dengue control programmes in developing countries mainly focus on vector control by residual spraying of insecticides (other strategies include biological control of vectors and use of personal insect repellents and long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets).5 Between 2000 and 2015, malaria-endemic countries achieved remarkable success in malaria con- trol, seeing about 60% reduction in malaria deaths and 37% reduction in cases. However, disrupting factors (e.g. war) can weaken malaria control programmes and result in a resurgent burden of malaria.6 Currently, there is uncertainty about the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on existing malaria and dengue control programmes.
keywords: control; countries; covid-19; dengue; malaria
cache: wpsar-822.pdf
plain text: wpsar-822.txt
item: #368 of 447
id: wpsar-829
author: Đỗ, Thái Hùng; Nguyễn, Văn Thành; Đinh, Thế Hùng; Lê, Xuân Huy; Nguyễn, Quang Chiêu; Lê, Văn Quân; Nguyễn, Bảo Triệu; Nguyễn,, Ngọc Bích Ngân; Nguyễn, Thị Ngọc Phúc; Huỳnh, Kim Mai; Trịnh, Hoàng Long; Lê, Thị Kim Trang; Diệp, Thùy Dung; Đỗ, Thủy Thị Thu; Bùi, Hiền Thị Thu; Finlay, Alyssa M.; Nguyễn, Quốc Việt; Gould, Philip L
title: Environmental sampling for SARS-CoV-2 at a reference laboratory and provincial hospital in central Viet Nam, 2020
date: 2021-07-12
words: 4588
flesch: 52
summary: Methods: Environmental samples were collected from patient and staff areas at the hospital and various operational and staff areas at the laboratory. At the general hospital, staff collected environmental samples during 6 days, between 26 and 31 March, from all 3 rooms (each with a separate bathroom) used to isolate COVID-19 cases, 2 staff rooms used by health care workers caring for COVID-19 cases and one control room where internal medicine patients were treated who had no signs and symptoms of or known epidemiological risk factors for COVID-19, in accordance with
keywords: cov-2; environmental; hospital; institute; laboratory; march; pasteur; patients; samples; sampling; sars; specimens; staff
cache: wpsar-829.pdf
plain text: wpsar-829.txt
item: #369 of 447
id: wpsar-830
author: Tapo, Posikai Samuel; Knox, Tessa B; van Gemert, Caroline; Manwo, Obed; Iavro, Edna; Williams, Wendy; Maurice, Rosaria ; Harrison, Griffith; Cornish, Matthew; Benjamin, Michael; Atua, Vincent; Obed, Jimmy; Clark, Geoff; Guyant, Philippe; Leodoro, Basil; Tarivonda, Len
title: Lessons from COVID-19-free Vanuatu: intensive health operations for Phase 1 of repatriation and quarantine, May–July 2020
date: 2021-03-10
words: 4502
flesch: 37
summary: Check-in to quarantine facilities Data from passenger health declaration forms were later entered into a database; this process led to delays in data availability and constrained use of the data for quarantine operations. The AAR strongly recommended limiting the number of arriving repatriates and those in quarantine to a manageable number, based on staff numbers and availability of quarantine facilities.
keywords: aar; covid-19; health; information; july; moh; operations; phase; quarantine; repatriates; support; vanuatu
cache: wpsar-830.pdf
plain text: wpsar-830.txt
item: #370 of 447
id: wpsar-831
author: Migriño, Julius; Batangan, Ani Regina U.
title: Using machine learning to create a decision tree model to predict outcomes of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines: Decision tree for COVID-19 cases
date: 2021-09-14
words: 5356
flesch: 58
summary: The raw data set comprised 197 164 cases, which represented all reported COVID-19 cases with at CFR (%)= number of reported COVID-19 deaths number of reported COVID-19 cases x 100 WPSAR Vol 12, No 3, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.3.831https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 Decision tree for COVID-19 cases in the PhilippinesMigriño et al Disaggregation of male and female cases showed similar patterns of cases by age group (Table 2). Decision tree model Naïve Bayes model WPSAR
keywords: age; cases; covid-19; data; decision; disease; health; learning; machine; model; philippines; region; set; study; tree; years
cache: wpsar-831.pdf
plain text: wpsar-831.txt
item: #371 of 447
id: wpsar-833
author: Nguyen, Hang Khanh Le; Nguyen, Son Vu; Hoang, Phuong Mai Vu; Le, Thanh Thi; Tran, Huong thi Thu; Nguyen, Long Hai Pham; Pham, Thai Quang; Nguyen, Thuy Thanh; Dang, Anh Duc; Nguyen, Anh Phuong; Le, Mai thi Quynh
title: Virological characteristics of cases of COVID-19 in northern Viet Nam, January–May 2020
date: 2021-12-22
words: 3609
flesch: 60
summary: Epidemiological features of confirmed cases of COVID-19, northern Viet Nam, January–May 2020 Dates Source of suspected cases No. of suspected cases Gender, n (%) Eighty-nine (56%) of these were detected among suspected cases imported from other countries and the remaining 69 (44%) among community contacts of confirmed cases (Table 2).
keywords: cases; cov-2; covid-19; nam; positive; samples; sars; viet
cache: wpsar-833.pdf
plain text: wpsar-833.txt
item: #372 of 447
id: wpsar-834
author: Sia, Sonia B.; Lagrada, Marietta L.; Gayeta, June M.; Masim, Melissa Ana L.; Abad, Jaywardeen P.; Magbanua, Mariane A.; Ablola, Ferissa Buensalida
title: Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Philippines, 2012–2018
date: 2021-11-29
words: 4383
flesch: 55
summary: The threat of emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among S. pneumoniae serotypes worldwide was recognized as early as the 1980s. This study therefore describes the distribution and AMR of S. pneumoniae serotypes in the Philippines from 2012 to 2018.
keywords: age; isolates; pcv13; penicillin; philippines; pneumoniae; resistance; serotypes; study; years
cache: wpsar-834.pdf
plain text: wpsar-834.txt
item: #373 of 447
id: wpsar-836
author: Shimouchi, Akira; Tsuda, Yuko; Komukai, Jun; Matsumoto, Kenji; Yoshida, Hideki; Ohkado, Akihiro
title: Factors associated with mortality among patients with culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the urban poor population of Osaka City, Japan
date: 2021-09-16
words: 5176
flesch: 58
summary: To achieve this, the annual decrease in the estimated global incidence rate of TB (110 per 100 000 population in 2015) should be accelerated from 2%/year in 2015 to 10%/year in 2025, and the case fatality rate among TB patients should be reduced from 15% in 2015 to 6.5% in 2025.1 There were two foreign-born patients. and medical staff at the Public Health Office have monthly meetings at each hospital where TB patients are treated to discuss and agree on the cause of each TB patient’s death (TB or non-TB) for official records.
keywords: airin; analysis; city; deaths; health; japan; mortality; osaka; patients; ptb; study; treatment; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-836.pdf
plain text: wpsar-836.txt
item: #374 of 447
id: wpsar-839
author: Jafri, Faridah; Omar, Mardiana; Kusnin, Faridah ; Mohamad, Masitah
title: COVID-19 outbreak at an aged-care facility in Selangor, Malaysia, March–April 2020
date: 2022-01-25
words: 2673
flesch: 53
summary: Discussion: Prevention and control measures must be aggressively implemented in high-risk sites to significantly reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality during COVID-19 outbreaks. COVID-19 outbreaks on 30 March.
keywords: care; covid-19; facility; fever; outbreak; residents; staff
cache: wpsar-839.pdf
plain text: wpsar-839.txt
item: #375 of 447
id: wpsar-841
author: Krishna Supramanian, Rama; Sivaratnam, Lavanyah; Rahim, Arifah Abd; Abidin, Noor Dalila Inche Zainal; Richai, Ong; Zakiman, Zazarida; Md Taib, Salina; Soo, Lee; Jamalullai, Syed Hafeez Syed Ibrahim; Khirusalleh, Muhammad Nur Asraf; Yusof, Mohamed Paid
title: Descriptive epidemiology of the first wave of COVID-19 in Petaling District, Malaysia: Focus on asymptomatic transmission
date: 2021-04-21
words: 4064
flesch: 57
summary: The inclusion criteria for this study were confirmed COVID-19 cases according to the case definition notified to the Petaling DHO between 1 February 2020 and 26 June 2020. Furthermore, the clusters of COVID-19 cases in Petaling District involved gatherings, further spreading the virus in the community.20 In this outbreak, about 32% of cases had an epidemiological link to an asymptomatic case.
keywords: asymptomatic; cases; contacts; covid-19; district; february; health; malaysia; outbreak; petaling; transmission
cache: wpsar-841.pdf
plain text: wpsar-841.txt
item: #376 of 447
id: wpsar-842
author: Chong, Zhuo Lin; Lodz, Noor Aliza ; Abdul Mutalip, Mohd Hatta; Lim, Yin Cheng; Mahjom, Maznieda ; Ahmad, Noor Ani
title: Preparing for and conducting the National Health and Morbidity Survey in Malaysia amid the COVID-19 pandemic: balancing risks and benefits to participants and society
date: 2021-09-03
words: 3559
flesch: 48
summary: Measures undertaken before data collection included: • adding COVID-19 seroprevalence and facial anthropometric studies (to develop a respirator fit test panel); • reducing the level of statistical analysis (from subnational to national) and reducing the overall survey target sample size from 12 000 to 6000 participants; • shortening the duration of data collection, from 3 months to 2 months; • downsizing the data collection team from 22 teams to 12 teams, with 7 data collectors each, comprising one experienced field supervisor from the Institute for Public Health, 5 research assistants and 1 phlebotomist; • changing the data collection method from exclusively face-to-face interviews to mostly self-administered questionnaires and computer- assisted telephone interviews; • recruiting well-trained and experienced health staff as phlebotomists; • ensuring pre-training or pre-deployment SARS- CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) screening for all trainers and data collectors; • limiting the number of trainers and data collec- tors attending in-person training, which included a session on COVID-19 prevention, with training for phlebotomists delivered virtually; • ensuring that attendees at in-person training practised physical distancing and hand hygiene, and wore a face mask as their minimum personal protective equipment (PPE); • printing standard operating procedures for all staff. The house- to-house data collection, planned to occur from June to WPSAR Vol 12, No 3, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.3.842https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey amidst the COVID-19 pandemicChong et al Measures undertaken during data collection included: • limiting initial visits to selected homes to only 10 minutes and only for the purpose of recruiting eligible participants and distributing self-adminis- tered questionnaires; • collecting data in a public place within a com- munity or at the nearest health facility to simplify compliance with additional infection prevention measures, such as: ◦ making appointments to avoid crowding among participants; ◦ providing a face mask (if the participant was not wearing one) and hand sanitizer upon arrival; ◦ screening participants for fever and symptoms upon arrival at the registration counter; ◦ providing a separate entrance and exit, with participants moving through the area in only one direction; ◦ ensuring physical distancing between partici- pants and data collectors, except during blood draws; ◦ providing PPE for data collectors that followed standard droplet precautions, including a single- use face mask, face shield and long-sleeve gown; ◦ limiting interaction to 15 minutes at each station (registration, interview and blood draw); ◦ ensuring that data collectors and phlebotomists implemented hand hygiene and surface sanitiza- tion after interactions with each participant; ◦ ensuring that clinical waste was properly man- aged; • screening data collectors with SARS-CoV-2 RT- PCR or a rapid antigen test kit every 2 weeks during the survey; • ensuring that compliance was monitored by the field supervisor and audited by Institute for Public Health researchers during regular visits.
keywords: collectors; covid-19; data; health; malaysia; national; pandemic; participants; survey
cache: wpsar-842.pdf
plain text: wpsar-842.txt
item: #377 of 447
id: wpsar-843
author: Durand, Andre Mark; Cash, Haley L; Durand, Zoe
title: Progress and strength of response against non-communicable diseases in the US-affiliated Pacific Island jurisdictions, 2010-2021: Progress against NCDs in USAPI, 2010-2021
date: 2022-02-18
words: 6487
flesch: 54
summary: Noncommunicable disease intervention scores versus change in corresponding health indicators, US-affiliated Pacific Islands, 2010–2020 ‐0.5 ‐0.4 ‐0.3 ‐0.2 ‐0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Lo g R el at iv e Ch an ge Response Score NCD Response scores vs. change in corresponding health indicators, USAPI, 2010‐ 2020 Log Relative Change Predicted Log Relative Change Data points are the log of the relative changes in health indicators versus corresponding composite intervention indicators at the jurisdiction level (i.e. each tobacco indicator versus the jurisdiction’s tobacco intervention score, alcohol indicators versus the jurisdiction’s alcohol intervention score, etc.). Composite jurisdiction noncommunicable disease intervention scores versus relative change in health indicators, US-affiliated Pacific Islands, 2010–2020 -0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Lo g Re la � ve C ha ng e Response Score Log Rela�ve Change Predicted Log Rela�ve Change RMI Yap Pohnpei Chuuk Kosrae Palau CNMI AS Guam WPSAR Vol 13, No 1, 2022 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.1.887 https://ojs.wpro.who.int/10 Durand et alProgress against NCDs in USAPI, 2010-2021 4.
keywords: alcohol; baseline; change; health; indicators; intervention; islands; ncd; pacific; prevalence; risk; survey; tobacco; usapi; years; youth
cache: wpsar-843.pdf
plain text: wpsar-843.txt
item: #378 of 447
id: wpsar-844
author: Togami, Eri; Lowbridge, Christopher; Chinnayah, Thilaka; Kato, Masaya; Fukusumi, Munehisa; Gwack, Jin; Matsui, Tamano; Olowokure, Babatunde; Li, Ailan
title: Strengthening national, regional and global health capacity through the WHO Western Pacific Region's Field Epidemiology Fellowship Programme: Strengthening health capacity though the WHO Field Epidemiology Fellowship Programme
date: 2021-10-27
words: 4885
flesch: 42
summary: A total of 135 Regional Fellows from 12 Member States participated in the Western Pacific Region’s Field Epide- miology Fellowship Programme, of whom 20% (27/135) participated during 2006–2010, 37% (50/135) during 2011–2014 and 42% (57/135) during 2015–2018; for <1% (1/135) the year of participation was unknown. Field Epidemiology Training Programmes (FETP) and modified Field Epidemiology Training (FET) are implemented by countries, depending on a Member State’s situation, capacity and needs.4 The WHO Western Pacific Region’s Field Epidemiology Fellowship Programme is an applied epidemiology training programme provided by WHO’s Regional Office for the Western Pacific; for simplicity, participants are referred to throughout this paper as Regional Fellows.
keywords: epidemiology; fellows; fet; field; health; pacific; programme; regional; western
cache: wpsar-844.pdf
plain text: wpsar-844.txt
item: #379 of 447
id: wpsar-852
author: Cortez, Karen Joyce C.; Demot, Bernard A.; Bartolo, Samantha S.; Feliciano, Dexter D.; Ciriaco, Verna Moila P.; Labi, Imari Irish E.; Viray, Denzelle Diane M.; Casuga, Jenna Charise M.; Camonayan-Flor, Karol Anne B.; Gomez, Precious Mae A.; Velasquez, Marie Ellaine N.; Cajulao, Thea Pamela T.; Nigos, Jovy E.; De Leon, Maria Lowella F.; Solimen, Domingo P.; Go, Angelita G.; Pizarro, Francis M.; Haya Jr., Larry C.; Aswat, Ray P.; Mangati, Virginia B.; Palaganas, Caesar Noel I.; Genuino, Mylene N.; Cutiyog-Ubando, Kimberley M.; Tadeo, Karen C.; Longid, Marienelle L.; Catbagan, Nowell Benedict C.; Bongotan, Joel B.; Dominguez-Villar, Beverly Anne T.; Dalao, Joeffrey B.
title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Baguio City, Philippines
date: 2021-11-11
words: 6148
flesch: 59
summary: Vol 12, No 4, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.4.852https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital in Baguio City, PhilippinesCortez et al Table 1A. Demographic characteristics of adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center from 1 March to 27 October 2020 Clinical characteristics Total, n (%) Recovered, n (%) Died, n (%) P Total number of patients 280 267 13 Age, years Mean ± SD 48.4 ± 18.5 47.7 ± 18.5 62.2 ± 13.5 0.71 18–44 131 (46.8) 129 (48.3) 2 (15.3) 0.01 45–59 44 (15.7) 43 (16.1) 1 (7.7) 60–79 98 (35.0) 88 (33.0) 10 (76.9) ≥80 7 (2.5) 7 (2.6) - Sex Female 179 (64.0) 174 (65.2) 5 (38.5) 0.05 Male 101 (36.1) 93 (34.8) 8 (61.5) Comorbidities 161 (57.5) 148 (55.4) 13 (100) <0.01 Hypertension 124 (44.3) 114 (42.7) 10 (76.9) 0.02 Diabetes mellitus 47 (17.0) 45 (16.9) 2 (15.4) 0.62 Cardiovascular disease 34 (12.1) 26 (9.7) 8 (61.5) <0.01 Bronchial asthma 17 (6.1) 16 (6.0) 1 (7.7) 0.57 Malignancy 12 (4.3) 12 (4.5) - Chronic kidney disease 4 (1.4) 1 (0.4) 3 (23.1) <0.01 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3 (1.1) 3 (1.1) - Number of comorbidities 0 119 (42.5) 119 (44.6) - <0.01 1 68 (24.3) 65 (24.3) 3 (23.1) 2 66 (23.6) 59 (22.1) 7 (53.9) >2 27 (9.6) 24 (9.0) 3 (23.1) Patient reported symptoms 164 (58.6) 153 (57.3) 11 (84.6) 0.04 Cough 111 (39.6) 101 (37.8) 10 (76.9) <0.01 Cold 49 (17.5) 48 (18.0) 1 (7.7) 0.30 Fever 40 (14.3) 35 (13.1) 5 (38.5) 0.03 Malaise 37 (13.2) 31 (11.6) 6 (46.2) <0.01 Dyspnoea 35 (12.5) 28 (10.5) 7 (53.9) 0.27 Sore throat 26 (9.3) 26 (9.7) - Headache 24 (8.6) 24 (9.0) - Anosmia 17 (6.1) 17 (6.4) - Dysgeusia 14 (5.0) 14 (5.2) - Anorexia 12 (4.3) 10 (3.8) 2 (15.4) 0.10 Diarrhoea 11 (3.9) 11 (4.1) - Chills 4 (1.4) 2 (0.8) 2 (15.4) 0.01 Seizure 2 (0.7) 2 (0.8) - Disease severity at admission based on national COVID-19 case definitions Asymptomatic 43 (15.4) 43 (16.1) - Results: The mean age of COVID-19 patients was 48.4 years and the female-to-male ratio was 1.8:1.
keywords: admission; baguio; cases; characteristics; city; covid-19; covid-19 patients; disease; hospital; kidney; mortality; outcomes; patients; philippines; study
cache: wpsar-852.pdf
plain text: wpsar-852.txt
item: #380 of 447
id: wpsar-856
author: Bashir, Aieman; Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Momin, Natalie Raimiza; Chong, Pui Lin; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Mani, Babu Ivan; Chong, Vui Heng
title: Prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam: Prevalence of primary bacterial co-infection in COVID-19
date: 2021-09-08
words: 3469
flesch: 54
summary: We report our nationwide experience in screening for primary bacterial co-infection among patients treated for COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam. METHODS The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary bacterial co-infections among patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam.
keywords: admission; bacterial; covid-19; disease; infection; patients; study; symptoms
cache: wpsar-856.pdf
plain text: wpsar-856.txt
item: #381 of 447
id: wpsar-857
author: Hoang, Ngoc-Anh; Pham, Thai Quang; Quach, Ha-Linh; Nguyen, Khanh Cong; Colquhoun, Samantha; Lambert, Stephen; Duong, Huy Luong; Tran, Dai Quang; Phung, Cong Dinh; Tran, Nhu Duong; Ngu, Duy Nghia; Tran, Anh Tu; Nguyen, Hue Bich Thi; Dang, Duc-Anh; Vogt, Florian
title: Re-positive testing, clinical evolution and clearance of infection: results from COVID-19 cases in isolation in Viet Nam: Re-positive testing, clinical evolution and clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection
date: 2021-12-13
words: 7250
flesch: 62
summary: ¢ ª ª ª ª è C28 ¢ ª ª ª ª ª è C29 ¢ª ª ª ª ª è C30 ¢ ª ª ª è C31 ¢ ª ª è C32 ¢ ª ª ª è C33 ¢ª ª R R ª è C34 ¢ ª ª ª è C35 ¢ ª ª ª ª è C36 ¢ ª ª ª ª ª ª ª è C37 ¢ ª ª ª R R ª è C38 ¢ ª R ª ª ª è C39 ¢ ª ª ª ª ª ª R ª è C40 ¢ª ª ª ª ª ª ª R R R ª ª ¢ ª ª ª ª è C28 ¢ ª ª ª ª ª è C29 ¢ª ª ª ª ª è C30 ¢ ª ª ª è C31 ¢ ª ª è C32 ¢ ª ª ª è C33 ¢ª ª R R ª è C34 ¢ ª ª ª è C35 ¢ ª ª ª ª è C36 ¢ ª ª ª ª ª ª ª è C37 ¢ ª ª ª R R ª è C38 ¢ ª R ª ª ª è C39 ¢ ª ª ª ª ª ª R ª è C40 ¢ª ª ª ª ª ª ª R R R ª ª
keywords: cases; cov-2; covid-19; infection; positive; pre; sars; symptomatic; symptoms; test; viet; ª postive; ª r; ª ª; ª è; ¢; ª
cache: wpsar-857.pdf
plain text: wpsar-857.txt
item: #382 of 447
id: wpsar-858
author: Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh; Morishita, Fukushi; Oh, Kyung Hyun; Islam, Tauhid
title: Epidemiological review of leprosy in WHO’s Western Pacific Region: 1991–2019
date: 2021-08-23
words: 5910
flesch: 58
summary: The number of new leprosy cases among children in the Region decreased by 65%, from 1240 cases in 1997 to 424 cases in 2019 (Fig. 8a). Proportion of new leprosy cases occurring among children in countries in the WHO Western Pacific Region with the highest number of new cases, by year, (a) 1997–2019 and (b) 2019 1.3 27.2 67.7 31.9 31.2 4.7 10.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 China Kiriba� Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Papua New Guinea Philippines Western Pacific Region % o f n ew c as es a m on g ch ild re n 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 % o f n ew c as es a m on g ch ild re n Year China Kiriba� Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Papua New Guinea Philippines 1.3 27.2 67.7 31.9 31.2 4.7 10.6 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 China Kiriba� Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Papua New Guinea Philippines Western Pacific Region % o f n ew c as es a m on g ch ild re n 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 19 97 19 98 19 99 20 00 20 01 20 02 20 03 20 04 20 05 20 06 20 07 20 08 20 09 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 20 17 20 18 20 19 % o f n ew c as es a m on g ch ild re n Year China Kiriba� Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Papua New Guinea Philippines (a) (b) WPSAR
keywords: cases; countries; fig; leprosy; number; pacific; region; western
cache: wpsar-858.pdf
plain text: wpsar-858.txt
item: #383 of 447
id: wpsar-859
author: Takahashi, Shuko; Kawachi, Ichiro
title: How Iwate Prefecture in Japan maintained a low COVID-19 infection rate
date: 2021-10-27
words: 2039
flesch: 60
summary: After declaration of the first national state of emergency in late April 2020, many companies ex- perienced financial difficulties; however, as of late July 2020, only two companies in Iwate had closed due to WPSAR Vol 12, No 4, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.4.859https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 How Iwate Prefecture in Japan maintained a low COVID-19 infection rateTakahashi et al References 1. After a national state of emergency was declared on 16 April 2020, the transient population of Morioka City, the capital of Iwate, decreased by 30–60%.2 During the national Golden Week holiday in 2020, held at the end of April, for example, travel on trains to major train stations in Iwate was 70-80% lower than in 2019.3 A survey showed that two thirds of Iwate residents did not want contact with people from other prefectures,4 and people from other prefectures avoided going to Iwate to avoid discrimination.
keywords: cases; covid-19; government; iwate; japan; prefecture; september
cache: wpsar-859.pdf
plain text: wpsar-859.txt
item: #384 of 447
id: wpsar-860
author: Rajakrishnan, Sudeash; Ismail, Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz; Jamalulail, Syed Hafeez; Alias, Norazmalia; Ismail, Hassan; Md Taib, Salina; Cheng, Lee Soo; Zakiman, Zazarida; Richai, Ong; Silverdurai, Rubaan Raj; Yusof, Mohamad Paid
title: Investigation of a foodborne outbreak at a mass gathering in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia: Mass gathering foodborne outbreak in Petaling District, Malaysia
date: 2022-02-10
words: 2797
flesch: 59
summary: The samples from suspected food, food handlers and the environment were positive for Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus or coliforms. S. aureus is a Gram-positive, sphere-shaped bacteria that is part of the normal flora of human skin and mucous membranes.7 Poor hygiene practices by food handlers can increase the possibility of transferring S. aureus to prepared food,7 causing it to release entero- toxins that lead to the symptoms seen in this report.8
keywords: cases; cereus; district; food; foodborne; gathering; health; mass; outbreak
cache: wpsar-860.pdf
plain text: wpsar-860.txt
item: #385 of 447
id: wpsar-863
author: Chilam, Jeremiah; Argimon, Silvia; Limas, Marilyn T; Masim, Melissa L; Gayeta, June M; Lagrada, Marietta L; Olorosa, Agnettah M; Cohen, Victoria; Hernandez, Lara T; Jeffrey, Benjamin; Abudahab, Khalil; Hufano, Charmian M; Sia, Sonia B; Holden, Matthew TG; Stelling, John; Aanensen, David M; Carlos, Celia C
title: Genomic surveillance of Acinetobacter baumannii in the Philippines, 2013–2014: A. baumannii surveillance in the Philippines
date: 2021-10-28
words: 8286
flesch: 52
summary: Total number of A. baumannii isolates analysed by the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program (ARSP) and referred to the Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Reference Laboratory (ARSRL) during 2013 and 2014, isolates submitted for whole-genome sequencing, and high-quality A. baumannii genomes obtained, discriminated by sentinel site and AMR profile. was the organism most frequently isolated in ventilator-associated pneumonia,2 while in recent years the Philippines Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program (ARSP) has consistently reported A. baumannii as the second and third most commonly isolated organism from, respectively, cerebrospinal fluid and respiratory specimens.3 During the past two decades, A. baumannii has become increasingly resistant to carbapenems worldwide, with resistance rates of >40% reported across several countries in the Asia–Pacific area, which is the highest prevalence of carbapenem resistance among important nosocomial Gram-negative
keywords: amk; baumannii; blaampc; blaoxa-23; caz; caz cro; cip; cro; cro ipm; gen; ipm; ipm sam; isaba1; isolates; parc_s84l; philippines; resistance; sam tzp; sxt; tzp; tzp gen
cache: wpsar-863.pdf
plain text: wpsar-863.txt
item: #386 of 447
id: wpsar-870
author: Pham, Dem Van; Do, Hai Hoang; Nguyen, Anh Viet; Nguyen, Nam Thanh ; Hoang, Ngoc Van; Hoang, Ngoc-Anh Thi
title: The first newborn patient with SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 identified in Viet Nam: treatment and care practices: Newborn with B1.1.7 variant in Viet Nam
date: 2021-08-16
words: 3339
flesch: 59
summary: Zhu H, Wang L, Fang C, Peng S, Zhang L, Chang G et al. 109/L 8.2 × 109/L 6.2 × 109/L 4–10 × 109/L Neutrophils 3.1 × 109/L 2.4 × 109/L 3.4 × 109/L 1.9–7.8 × 109/L Lymphocytes 7.2 × 109/ L 4.8 × 109/L 2.2 × 109/L 0.9–5.2 × 109/L Platelets 528 × 109/L 311.4 × 109/L 278 × 109/L 140–440 × 109/L MCHC 123 g/L 107.1 g/L 117.1 g/L 117.1 g/L Haematocrit 38.9% 30.7% 34.7% 34–487% Fasting blood sugar 5.5 mmol/L 5.7 mmol/L 5.7 mmol/L 3.6–6.4 mmol/L C-reative protein 1.2 mg/L 1.5 mg/L 1.5 mg/L < 5 mg/L Pro-calcitonin 0.01 mg/L 0.02 mg/L 0.02 mg/L < 0.05 mg/L Lactate dehydrogenase 217 U/L 314 U/L 314 U/L < 450 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase 23 U/L 28 U/L 28 U/L < 50 U/L Alanine aminotransferase 32 U/L 31 U/L 29 U/L < 50 U/L Urea 2.8 mmol/L 2.1 mmol/L 3.1 mmol/L 2.8–8.0 mmol/L Creatinine 24 µmol/L 34 µmol/L 24 µmol/L < 120 µmol/L Na+ 137 mmol/L 136 mmol/L 138 mmol/L 135–145 mmol/L K+ 3.4 mmol/L 3.7 mmol/L 3.5 mmol/L 3.5–5.0 mmol/L Cl- 103 mmol/L 102 mmol/L 101 mmol/L 98–106 mmol/L Fibrinogen 3.2 g/L 2.8 g/L 3.6 g/L 2.0–4.0 g/L WPSAR Vol 12, No 3, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.3.870https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 5 Newborn with the B.1.1.7 variant in Viet NamPham et al Funding
keywords: b.1.1.7; cov-2; nam; patient; sars; variant; viet
cache: wpsar-870.pdf
plain text: wpsar-870.txt
item: #387 of 447
id: wpsar-871
author: Govindasamy, Laksmi; Zheng, Anthony; Chen, Ming; Chia, Debbie; Garcia, Paola; Yapa, Chaturangi; Smith, Tara
title: Fieldwork for public health responses during pandemics: lessons from the New South Wales Health experience with COVID-19: Lessons from fieldwork for COVID-19
date: 2022-04-08
words: 3932
flesch: 45
summary: At NSW Health, public health fieldwork is typically undertaken by PHUs. There are currently no publications exploring the benefits and challenges of public health fieldwork and optimal processes for such fieldwork.
keywords: covid-19; fieldwork; health; nsw; protocol; public; risk; staff; support
cache: wpsar-871.pdf
plain text: wpsar-871.txt
item: #388 of 447
id: wpsar-873
author: Marcato, Adrian; Fielding, James E; Crooks, Kristy; Massey, Peter D; Le, Linh-Vi; Bergeri, Isabel; McVernon, Jodie
title: The ongoing value of first few X studies for COVID-19 in the Western Pacific Region: FFX studies for COVID-19
date: 2022-03-24
words: 1908
flesch: 47
summary: FFX studies and the broader suite of UNITY stud- ies remain incredibly useful in the current regional and global context, and they could provide ongoing robust and comparable evidence of COVID-19 epidemiology in low- and middle-income countries as the pandemic evolves. FFX studies provide a platform to compare epidemi- ology between waves and jurisdictions and can be used to inform targeted and context-specific public health interventions.
keywords: australia; covid-19; data; ffx; health; influenza; studies; unity
cache: wpsar-873.pdf
plain text: wpsar-873.txt
item: #389 of 447
id: wpsar-874
author: Douangboupha, Vannida; Binns, Philippa L; Khamphaphongphane, Bouaphanh; Som Oulay, Virasack; Sengsaiya, Khanxay; Boupphaphanh, Thounchay; Xangsayarath, Phonepadith
title: Factors contributing to a measles outbreak in a hard-to-reach rural village in Xaisomboun Province, Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Measles outbreak in Xaisomboun, Lao PDR
date: 2022-08-03
words: 4726
flesch: 53
summary: Published: 3 August 2022 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.874 Objective: An increase in measles cases was reported in the northwest of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic beginning in January 2019, with outbreaks quickly spreading throughout the country. The retrospective nature of the study, relying on voluntarily self-reported informa- tion from participants, means that recall bias and an underestimation of reported cases are likely.
keywords: cases; health; investigation; laboratory; lao; measles; outbreak; pdr; people; province; rash; village; xaisomboun
cache: wpsar-874.pdf
plain text: wpsar-874.txt
item: #390 of 447
id: wpsar-878
author: Stephens, Nicola; McPherson, Michelle; Cooley, Louise; Vanhaeften, Rob; Wilmot, Mathilda; Lane, Courtney; Harlock, Michelle; Lodo, Kerryn; Castree, Natasha; Seemann, Torsten; Sait, Michelle; Ballard, Susan; Horan, Kristy; Veitch, Mark; Johnston, Fay; Sherry, Norelle; Howden, Benjamin
title: COVID-19: Integrating genomic and epidemiological data to inform public health interventions and policy in Tasmania, Australia: Integrating COVID-19 genomic and epidemiological data
date: 2021-12-22
words: 5391
flesch: 54
summary: Characteristics of COVID-19 genomic clusters, Tasmania, 2020 Genomic cluster ID (number of cases) Onset date range (duration in days) Methods: Epidemiological data collected on COVID-19 cases notified in Tasmania between 2 March and 15 May 2020, and positive samples of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or RNA extracted from the samples were included.
keywords: cases; cluster; cov-2; covid-19; cruise; data; genomic; health; hospital; outbreak; overseas; public; sars; tasmania
cache: wpsar-878.pdf
plain text: wpsar-878.txt
item: #391 of 447
id: wpsar-883
author: Haw, Nel Jason L.; Cañal, Eugenia Mercedes; Zuasula Jr., Juanito; Loreche, Mary Jean; Bernadas, Jaime
title: Epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant (P.3) in the Central Visayas region, Philippines, 30 October 2020–16 February 2021
date: 2022-02-09
words: 1774
flesch: 56
summary: 1WPSAR Vol 13, No 1, 2022 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.1.883 COVID-19: Brief Report T he Theta variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in the Central Visayas region, Philippines, in January 2021. Comparison of Theta variant and non-Theta variant SARS-CoV-2 cases in the Central Visayas region, Philippines, 30 October 2020–16 February 2021 Characteristic Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Alla (N = 317) Theta variant (N = 68) Non-Theta variant (N = 249) Female, n (%) 142 (44.8) 30 (44.1) 112 (45.0)
keywords: cases; city; health; specimens; theta; variant
cache: wpsar-883.pdf
plain text: wpsar-883.txt
item: #392 of 447
id: wpsar-884
author: Johnston, Fay H; Anderson, Tara; Harlock, Michelle ; Castree, Natasha; Parry, Louise; Marfori, Therese; McPherson, Michelle; Veitch, Mark; Smith, Kylie J; Stephens, Nicola
title: Lessons learnt from the first large outbreak of COVID-19 in health-care settings in Tasmania, Australia: A COVID-19 outbreak in Tasmanian health-care settings
date: 2021-12-22
words: 4096
flesch: 49
summary: Epidemic curve of COVID-19 cases associated with the northwest outbreak in Tasmania, Australia, March to May 2020 Table 1. This hindered the rapid identification of new cases and may have resulted in asymptomatic cases going undetected, potentially adding to transmission.
keywords: australia; care; cases; contacts; covid-19; hcws; health; hospital; outbreak; staff; tasmania
cache: wpsar-884.pdf
plain text: wpsar-884.txt
item: #393 of 447
id: wpsar-885
author: Pooransingh, Shalini; Yoosuf, Abdul Azeez; Moosa, Sheena; Ahmed, Nishan; Jankie, Satish ; Pinto Pereira, Lexley
title: Early COVID-19 response in two small island developing states: Maldives and Trinidad and Tobago: COVID-19 early response in Maldives and Trinidad and Tobago
date: 2022-03-31
words: 3592
flesch: 52
summary: Epidemic curve of COVID-19, Maldives, 7 March to 31 May 2020 Measures Maldives Trinidad and Tobago Date No. of cases Date No. of cases First case detected 7 March (imported) 1 12 March (imported) 1 Closure of cinemas 16 March 13 16 March 5 Closure of all educational institutions 22 March 13 16 March 5 Borders closed 27 March (suspension of on-arrival visas) This contrasts with Trinidad and Tobago where enforce- ment of public health measures accompanied lockdown early in the epidemic (18 days after the first case), with citizens allowed outside only to visit supermarkets, phar- macies and hardware stores.
keywords: cases; countries; covid-19; health; maldives; march; public; response; tobago; trinidad
cache: wpsar-885.pdf
plain text: wpsar-885.txt
item: #394 of 447
id: wpsar-886
author: Parry, Amy Elizabeth ; Colquhoun, Samantha M ; Field, Emma; Kirk, Martyn; Durrheim, David; Housen, Tambri
title: How can we better support the public health emergency response workforce during crises? Public health emergency response workforce support
date: 2021-11-23
words: 1502
flesch: 48
summary: 1WPSAR Vol 12, No 4, 2021 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.4.886 Perspective T he public health emergency response workforce has experienced unrelenting pressure during the past decade. Countries in the Western Pacific Region have responded to significant outbreaks of avian influenza, Zika virus disease, Middle East respiratory syndrome, vaccine-derived poliovirus, measles and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as natural disasters; they also supported the response to Ebola virus disease in West Africa during 2014–2016.1 For public health responses to be effective, we must continue to identify optimal mechanisms to support people working in challenging public health responses.
keywords: emergency; health; public; response; support; workforce
cache: wpsar-886.pdf
plain text: wpsar-886.txt
item: #395 of 447
id: wpsar-887
author: Ho, Tinh Huu; Nguyen, Ha Phan Ai; Le, Nhan Dinh Trong; Hoang, Phuong Hoai; Ha, Ninh Thi; Dang, Chinh Van
title: An outbreak of type B botulism in southern Viet Nam, 2020: Foodborne botulism outbreak
date: 2022-01-06
words: 4215
flesch: 63
summary: In Taiwan (China), two outbreaks have been recorded, one caused by type A botulism in nine patients who con- sumed preserved peanuts in 19869 and another caused by type B botulism in five cases related to consumption of fermented food in 2006.10 In China, two type A BoNT outbreaks were caused by consumption of smoked ribs by two patients in 201311 and of vacuum-packaged salted fish and ham in four cases in 2021.12 Liquid herbal tea was found to be the main source of a type A botulism outbreak in two elderly people in the United States in 2017.13 No outbreaks of botulism had been reported in Viet Nam before the recent outbreak in the southern provinces in July 2020.14 An outbreak of type B botulism in southern Viet Nam, 2020 Tinh Huu Ho,a Ha Phan Ai Nguyen,a Nhan Dinh Trong Le,a Phuong Hoai Hoang,a Ninh Thi Haa and Chinh Van Danga Correspondence to Tinh Huu Ho (email: hohuutinh@iph.org.vn) WPSAR
keywords: botulinum; botulism; cases; food; investigation; nam; outbreak; pâté; type; viet
cache: wpsar-887.pdf
plain text: wpsar-887.txt
item: #396 of 447
id: wpsar-889
author: Ninomiya, Kota ; Kanamori, Mariko; Ikeda, Naomi; Jindai, Kazuaki; Ko, Yura ; Otani, Kanako; Furuse, Yuki; Akaba, Hiroki; Miyahara, Reiko ; Saito, Mayuko; Suzuki, Motoi; Oshitani, Hitoshi
title: Integration of publicly available case-based data for real-time coronavirus disease 2019 risk assessment, Japan: Publicly available patient data for real-time coronavirus disease 2019
date: 2022-03-31
words: 3199
flesch: 46
summary: DATABASE DEVELOPMENT The new database used publicly available data from daily press releases published on local government websites.9 Each local government releases anonymized individual case data and aggregated daily case numbers on their website. Also, local governments were publishing anonymized data on confirmed COVID-19 cases on their official websites as daily press releases.
keywords: case; covid-19; data; database; health; japan; public; surveillance; time
cache: wpsar-889.pdf
plain text: wpsar-889.txt
item: #397 of 447
id: wpsar-894
author: Pham, Quang Duy; Prem, Kiesha; Le, Tuan Anh; Trang, Nguyen Van; Jit, Mark; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Cao, Van; Le-Ha, Tam-Duong; Chu, Mai Thi Ngoc; Le, Ly Thi Khanh; Toh, Zheng Quan; Brisson, Marc; Garland, Suzanne; Murray, Gerald; Bright, Kathryn; Dang, Duc Anh; Tran, Hau Phuc; Mulholland, Edward Kim
title: Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a cross-sectional study: Prevalence and risk factors for HPV among FSWs in Viet Nam
date: 2022-11-07
words: 6706
flesch: 67
summary: We surveyed and screened 699 FSWs aged ≥18 years for HPV infection and abnormal cytology. This includes having multiple sexual partners, early initial sexual intercourse and a compromised immune system.10,11 Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of HPV infection due to their having multiple sexual partners.
keywords: cancer; factors; fsws; hanoi; hcmc; health; hpv; hpv infection; human; infection; nam; prevalence; risk; risk hpv; sex; study; types; viet
cache: wpsar-894.pdf
plain text: wpsar-894.txt
item: #398 of 447
id: wpsar-896
author: Kawatsu, Lisa; Uchimura, Kazuhiro; Kaneko, Noriyo; Imahashi, Mayumi
title: Epidemiology of coinfection with tuberculosis and HIV in Japan, 2012–2020: TB and HIV coinfection in Japan
date: 2022-03-28
words: 4426
flesch: 65
summary: The proportion of those with unknown HIV testing status was consistently high, at approximately 60%, and the proportion of those who did not undergo HIV testing increased significantly, from 21.6% (4601/21 283) in 2012 to 33.7% (4292/12 739) in 2020. Although HIV testing is recom- mended for all people with TB in Japan,12 and questions about comorbidities are asked during the TB case inter- view, anecdotal evidence suggests that in practice, public health nurses are reluctant to counsel TB cases about HIV and offer testing.
keywords: cases; foreign; hiv; japan; proportion; testing; treatment; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-896.pdf
plain text: wpsar-896.txt
item: #399 of 447
id: wpsar-902
author: Nasaruddin, Nur Hamizah binti ; Ganapathy, Shubash Shander; Awaluddin, S. Maria; Anuar, Mohamad Fuad Mohamad; Nazirah binti Alias; Mang, Chan Yee; Wan-Fei, Khaw
title: Conducting verbal autopsy by telephone interview during the pandemic to support mortality surveillance: a feasibility study in Malaysia: Verbal autopsy telephone interview
date: 2022-07-01
words: 4460
flesch: 54
summary: During times when face-to-face interviews are not advisable, VA telephone interviews can be used for data collection for mortality surveillance. A total of 116 deceased cases were selected from across Malaysia, among which VA telephone interviews were at- tempted for 113 (97.4%).
keywords: care; data; death; face; health; interview; malaysia; study; telephone; workers
cache: wpsar-902.pdf
plain text: wpsar-902.txt
item: #400 of 447
id: wpsar-903
author: Kasamatsu, Ayu; Ota, Masayuki; Shimada, Tomoe; Fukusumi, Munehisa; Yamagishi, Takuya; Samuel, Anita; Nakashita, Manami; Ukai, Tomohiko; Kurosawa, Katsuki; Urakawa, Miho; Takahashi, Kensuke; Tsukada, Keiko; Futami, Akane; Inoue, Hideya; Omori, Shun; Kobayashi, Miho; Komiya, Hiroko; Shimada, Takahisa; Tabata, Sakiko; Yahata, Yuichiro; Kamiya, Hajime; Yoshimatsu, Fumi; Sunagawa, Tomimasa; Saito, Tomoya
title: Enhanced event-based surveillance for imported diseases during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games
date: 2021-12-22
words: 3917
flesch: 46
summary: Published: 22 December 2021 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2021.12.4.903 In 2021, the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan, undertook enhanced event-based surveillance (EBS) for infectious diseases occurring overseas that have potential for importation (excluding coronavirus disease 2019 Infectious disease surveillance system in Japan.
keywords: diseases; ebs; events; games; health; importation; japan; risk; sources; surveillance; system; tokyo
cache: wpsar-903.pdf
plain text: wpsar-903.txt
item: #401 of 447
id: wpsar-904
author: Alipon, SweetC B.; Takashima, Yoshihiro; Avagyan, Tigran; Grabovac, Varja; Aslam, Syeda Kanwal; Bayutas, Benjamin; Logronio, Josephine; Wang, Xiaojun; Shrestha, Achyut; Neupane, Sukadeo; Roces, Maria Concepcion; Apostol, Lea Necitas; Sucaldito, Nemia
title: Emergence of vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 after using monovalent type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine in an outbreak response, Philippines: Emergent VDPV2 after mOPV2 use in the Philippines
date: 2022-05-25
words: 4162
flesch: 50
summary: 1WPSAR Vol 13, No 2, 2022 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.2.904 Outbreak Investigation Report P oliomyelitis is an acute viral infection of the nervous system caused by poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3. Among the three Sabin strains in the OPV, before 2016 type 2 was estimated to cause 40% of all vaccine-associated paralytic polio and 90% of all cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV).2 In April 2016, the poliovirus type 2 Sabin strain was removed from the trivalent OPV during the global switch to bivalent OPV to stop the emergence of VDPV from poliovirus type 2.3 The inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) had been introduced, but it provided only limited a Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Immunization, Division of Programmes for Disease Control, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. b World Health Organization Representative Office for the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
keywords: changes; monovalent; monovalent type; opv; poliovirus; sabin; type; vaccine; vdpv2
cache: wpsar-904.pdf
plain text: wpsar-904.txt
item: #402 of 447
id: wpsar-906
author: Sakamoto, Naoya; Ota, Masayuki ; Takeda, Tomoko; Kosaka, Atsushi; Washino, Takuya; Iwabuchi, Sentaro; Beppu, Minako; Nishiduka, Itaru; Matsui, Tamano; Suzuki, Motoi; Nakamura-Uchiyama, Fukumi
title: Nosocomial outbreak of coronavirus disease in two general wards during the initial wave of the pandemic in 2020, Tokyo, Japan: Nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19
date: 2022-03-24
words: 3220
flesch: 60
summary: The epidemic curve of symptomatic cases suggests that the outbreak started in Ward A and spread to Ward B within a week (Fig. 1). Ward A is a general ward for patients with heart or renal disease, and Ward B is a general ward for surgery, gynaecology and gastrointestinal disease patients.
keywords: cov-2; covid-19; hcws; hospital; infection; outbreak; patients; sars; tokyo; ward
cache: wpsar-906.pdf
plain text: wpsar-906.txt
item: #403 of 447
id: wpsar-91
author: None
title: wpsar-91
date: None
words: 2195
flesch: 52
summary: Three cases of neonatal tetanus in Papua New Guinea lead to development of national action plan for maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination Case Series Siddharta Sankar Datta,a Roland Barnabas,b Adeline Sitther,c Laura Guarenti,a Steven Toikilik,d Grace Kariwigae and Gerard Pai Suid a World Health Organization Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Three cases of neonatal tetanus in Papua New Guinea lead to development of national action plan for maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination.
keywords: cases; guinea; health; neonatal; new; papua; tetanus
cache: wpsar-91.htm
plain text: wpsar-91.txt
item: #404 of 447
id: wpsar-911
author: Matsuda, Ayako; Asayama, Kei; Obara, Taku; Yagi, Naoto; Ohkubo, Takayoshi
title: Epidemiological survey to establish thresholds for influenza among children in satellite cities of Tokyo, Japan, 2014–2018: Influenza survey of children near Tokyo, Japan, 2014–2018
date: 2022-08-25
words: 4847
flesch: 58
summary: The epidemic order is in accordance with that observed in other influenza seasons in the northern hemisphere.20 Understanding the geographical and temporal patterns of seasonal influenza could help strengthen influenza surveillance for the early detection of epidemics.21 As Mosnier et al. reported,22 timely data on the circulation of influenza collected by influenza surveillance systems are essential for optimizing influenza prevention and control strategies.21,22 In accordance with the WHO method, we developed three thresholds (seasonal, high and alert thresholds) for children at each school level in two satellite cities of In our survey, approximately 40% of influenza cases in 2015 and 2017 were type B. If this survey data could be collected rou- tinely during the influenza season, then the thresholds may contribute to an early warning system; currently, they can only be used to assess influenza seasons after they have occurred.
keywords: children; influenza; japan; school; seasons; survey; thresholds; toda; tokyo; type; week
cache: wpsar-911.pdf
plain text: wpsar-911.txt
item: #405 of 447
id: wpsar-913
author: Rahman, Noor Affizan; Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Chong, Pui Lin; Mani, Babu Ivan; Chong, Vui Heng
title: Challenges during the second wave of COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam: National Isolation Centre to National COVID-19 Hospital: National Isolation Centre to National COVID-19 Hospital
date: 2022-07-22
words: 3612
flesch: 49
summary: Recorded number of COVID-19 cases admitted to the NIC from 13 August (day 7 of second wave) to 11 September 2021 by clinical category, Brunei Darrusalam 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 13 Aug Day 7 15 Aug Day 9 17 Aug Day 11 19 Aug Day 13 21 Aug Day 15 23 Aug Day 17 25 Aug Day 19 27 Aug Day 21 29 Aug Day 23 31 Aug Day 25 2 Sep Day 27 4 Sep Day 29 6 Sep Day 31 8 Sep Day 33 10 Sep Day 35 N o. o f c as es Dates and days of the second wave Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4 Category 5 Maximum capacity Preferred capacity a The solid line depicts the maximum capacity of the NIC (320 patients), and the dotted line depicts the preferred capacity (260 patients). ACTION Opening of supporting community isolation and quarantine centres An important step taken by the MoH was the identifica- tion and conversion of existing government facilities into isolation centres, which enabled the diversion of milder cases from the NIC.
keywords: aug; cases; centre; covid-19; day; isolation; national; nic; patients; wave
cache: wpsar-913.pdf
plain text: wpsar-913.txt
item: #406 of 447
id: wpsar-914
author: Healey, Sunita J Rebecca; Ghafournia, Nafiseh; Bolsewicz, Katarzyna; Andrich, Karinne; Massey, Peter D
title: The role of leadership among a Congolese community in Australia in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative study
date: 2022-06-24
words: 3318
flesch: 51
summary: Refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been subject to human rights violations related to the country’s history of intermittent armed conflict and political unrest.4,5 Most refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo crossing the border reach rural settlements or camps in neighbouring Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, where work and educational opportunities are limited.5 Additionally, basic humanitarian needs have been further compromised by multiple Ebola virus disease outbreaks since 2018.4 Many Congolese are multilingual, but it is estimated that less than 50% of Congolese refugees speak English, and only 10% report the ability to read and write English well.5 By listening to community leaders, we explored and gained insights into the concept of leadership among a newly emerging Congolese population in Australia, and how leadership is being enacted during the COVID-19 response. Similarly, the Congolese community in Australia has strong trust in community leaders.
keywords: community; congolese; covid-19; health; information; leaders; leadership; participants
cache: wpsar-914.pdf
plain text: wpsar-914.txt
item: #407 of 447
id: wpsar-915
author: Ghafournia, Nafiseh; Massey, Peter D; Healey, Sunita J Rebecca ; Ravindran, Bhavi
title: Culturally and linguistically diverse voices and views in COVID-19 pandemic plans and policies: CALD voices
date: 2022-05-02
words: 1802
flesch: 50
summary: We call for health plans and policies to be redeveloped to be inclusive, culturally responsive and based on consultation with CALD communities. It ex- plores whether the needs, expectations and challenges of CALD communities are represented in these plans.
keywords: cald; communities; covid-19; health; pandemic; plans
cache: wpsar-915.pdf
plain text: wpsar-915.txt
item: #408 of 447
id: wpsar-917
author: Boehme, Karis; Sia, Sonia B; Ablola, Ferissa; Gayeta, June; Alea, Ma Cecilia
title: Operational challenges of the Philippine Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the COVID-19 pandemic
date: 2022-08-25
words: 3292
flesch: 42
summary: The health status of frontline workers at ARSP sites was also affected, with some infected with COVID-19 and some experiencing anxiety because of the requirement Table 1. Laboratory personnel The majority (14/26, 53.9%) of sentinel sites reported being designated as COVID-19 referral hospitals during the pandemic and having to establish or expand their molecular biology facilities.
keywords: arsp; covid-19; data; laboratory; pandemic; sentinel; sites; surveillance
cache: wpsar-917.pdf
plain text: wpsar-917.txt
item: #409 of 447
id: wpsar-918
author: van Gemert, Caroline; Williams, Wendy; Mariasua, Joanne; Fred, Debbie; Cornish, Matthew; Tarivonda, Len; Tapo, Posikai Samuel; Atua, Vincent; Manwo, Obed; Guyant, Philippe; Iavro, Lola; Clark, Geoff
title: Comparison of strategies for daily surveillance of international travellers quarantined in Vanuatu, October–December 2020: Using SMS for COVID-19 quarantine monitoring in Vanuatu
date: 2022-07-01
words: 3912
flesch: 55
summary: During the in a variety of public health programmes aiming to control infectious diseases; for example, SMS has been used to send reminders for infant vaccinations,2,3 to send treatment reminders to improve adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis4 and tuberculosis treatment,5 and to send partner notifications for contact tracing for sexually transmitted infections.6 Limited studies have used SMS texts to record two-way information flow (that is, responses to questions that are recorded within the SMS), and none of these has been from a Pacific island country. There were several operational issues related to the use of SMS texts in Vanuatu, including challenges to ensuring that the SMS texts sent were received by participants.
keywords: control; covid-19; group; health; intervention; monitoring; participants; quarantine; sms; vanuatu
cache: wpsar-918.pdf
plain text: wpsar-918.txt
item: #410 of 447
id: wpsar-92
author: None
title: wpsar-92
date: None
words: 4074
flesch: 33
summary: Seasonal influenza vaccine use Of the 36 participating countries and areas in the Region, 26 (72%) reported that seasonal influenza vaccine was available through public funding, private market purchase or both (Table 2). All 18 countries and areas in the Region with public policies for seasonal influenza vaccination recommended vaccination for health-care workers and the elderly, which is consistent with reports from European countries18 and the global vaccination survey.14 Children were included in 15 (60%) country and area vaccination policies or recommendations in the Region, a much larger proportion than that reported by six (22%) of 27 European countries.18 A global study comparing 10 countries in 2006 showed that the highest vaccination coverage rates for children were from the three Asian countries in the study, suggesting that paediatric vaccination is important in the Asia.19 Persons at high risk of complications from influenza and/or those with chronic medical conditions were recommended for influenza vaccination in the policies of 18 (72%) countries and areas in the Region, higher than the proportions reported from European countries.18 Since 2006, there has been a global push to increase both the production and use of seasonal influenza vaccines through activities contained in the WHO Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines.20 As a result, the number of countries that produce seasonal influenza vaccine has increased both globally and in the Western Pacific Region.14,21,22 In 2008, WHO awarded grants to manufacturers in three countries in the Region, namely China, the Republic of Korea and Viet Nam.
keywords: areas; countries; health; influenza; pacific; recommendations; region; seasonal; vaccination; vaccine; western
cache: wpsar-92.htm
plain text: wpsar-92.txt
item: #411 of 447
id: wpsar-921
author: Duan, Mengjuan; Handcock, Mark S.; Blackburn, Bart; Kee, Fiona; Biaukula, Viema ; Matsui, Tamano; Olowokure, Babatunde
title: Tool for tracking all-cause mortality and estimating excess mortality to support the COVID-19 pandemic response: All-cause mortality calculator for COVID-19 response
date: 2022-05-25
words: 3477
flesch: 45
summary: Comparing mortality data between countries is also challenging, owing to differences in methods for reporting mortality. This study validated an ACM calculator to estimate excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.
keywords: acm; calculator; covid-19; data; death; health; mortality; pandemic
cache: wpsar-921.pdf
plain text: wpsar-921.txt
item: #412 of 447
id: wpsar-925
author: Malik, Muhammad Umer; Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Chong, Pui Lin; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Mani, Babu Ivan; Rahman, Nooraffizan; Momin, Natalie Riamiza; Lim, Chin Ann; Wong, Justin; Chong, Chee Fui; Chong, Vui Heng
title: Clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Brunei Darussalam: comparison between the first and second waves, 2020 and 2021: Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Brunei Darussalam
date: 2022-08-25
words: 4052
flesch: 60
summary: Cough, anosmia, sore throat and ageusia/dysgeusia were significantly more common in second wave cases, whereas myalgia and nausea/vomiting were more likely to be reported by first wave cases, albeit in small numbers. Comparison of symptoms reported at admission among COVID-19 cases in the first wave (n=141) and second wave (n=359), Brunei Darussalam, 2020–2021 other symptoms were as follows: fatigue, 39%; myalgia, 24%; dyspnoea, 24%; sore throat, 14%; headache, 14%; diarrhoea, 8%; rhinorrhoea, 7%; and nausea/vomiting, 6.5%.16
keywords: brunei; cases; covid-19; darussalam; disease; nic; patients; study; symptoms; wave
cache: wpsar-925.pdf
plain text: wpsar-925.txt
item: #413 of 447
id: wpsar-926
author: Rubel, Abdur Rahman; Kishore, Panduru Venkata; Hla Aye, May Thu; Hafneh, Nor Azian; Chong, Vui Heng
title: A rare presentation of Mycobacterium africanum after two decades: a case report from Brunei Darussalam: Mycobacterium africanum in Brunei Darussalam
date: 2022-07-22
words: 2335
flesch: 56
summary: Vol 13, No 3, 2022 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.926https://ojs.wpro.who.int/ 3 Mycobacterium africanum in Brunei DarussalamRubel et al sion to disease, showing the lower virulence of M. af- ricanum compared with M. tuberculosis. Clinical presentation and outcome of tuberculosis patients infected by M. africanum versus M. tuberculosis.
keywords: africanum; brunei; case; darussalam; diabetes; mycobacterium; tuberculosis
cache: wpsar-926.pdf
plain text: wpsar-926.txt
item: #414 of 447
id: wpsar-930
author: Salazar, Miguel Antonio; Dalmacio, Leslie Michelle M.; Orbecido, Aileen H.; Abanador, Ruth C.; Promentilla, Michael Angelo; Beltran, Arnel B.; Tanhueco, Renan Ma. T. ; Balolong, Marilen Parungao
title: Strengthening health systems resilience using environmental surveillance for COVID-19 and antimicrobial resistance in the Philippines: Environmental surveillance for emerging infectious diseases in the Philippines
date: 2022-06-23
words: 1843
flesch: 33
summary: Westhaus S, Weber FA, Schiwy S, Linnemann V, Brinkmann M, Widera M, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in Germany – suitability for COVID-19 surveillance and potential transmission risks. This article discusses how the strengthened monitoring and surveillance capacity developed for SARS-CoV-2 in the Philippines provides opportunities for environmental surveillance of emerging infectious diseases and AMR.
keywords: cov-2; department; health; manila; philippines; resistance; sars; surveillance
cache: wpsar-930.pdf
plain text: wpsar-930.txt
item: #415 of 447
id: wpsar-931
author: Boldoo, Tsolmon; Otero, Larissa; Uranchimeg, Borgil ; Purevdagva, Anuzaya; Enebish, Temuulen; Erdenee, Oyunchimeg; Islam, Tauhid; Morishita, Fukushi
title: Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Mongolia: analysis of surveillance data, 2015–2019
date: 2023-03-24
words: 5304
flesch: 58
summary: 1WPSAR Vol 14, No 1, 2023 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1.931 Surveillance Report I n 2021, there were an estimated 10.6 million cases and 1.4 million deaths from tuberculosis (TB) globally, with 14% of cases in the Western Pacific Region.1 The first national TB prevalence survey in Mongolia was conducted in 2014–2015; it estimated the pulmonary TB prevalence to be 441 per 100 000 population, and the prevalence of all forms of TB to be 757 per 100 000 population.2 Based on the newly available data, TB incidence was re-estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be 437 (uncertainty range: 224–719) per 100 000 population,3 ranking Mongolia among the 30 countries with the highest TB incidence in the world.1 Mongolia’s National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) surveillance system is a combination of a paper-based aggregated system and a digital case-based system that covers TB cases from screening through to completion of treatment. METHODS Description of the surveillance system In Mongolia, TB cases can be detected through passive case detection, in which symptomatic individuals attend- ing primary care facilities are screened for TB.
keywords: cases; mongolia; notifications; proportion; treatment; tuberculosis; ulaanbaatar
cache: wpsar-931.pdf
plain text: wpsar-931.txt
item: #416 of 447
id: wpsar-932
author: Zafar, Sumaira; Overgaard, Hans J; Pongvongsa, Tiengkham; Vannavong, Nanthasane; Phommachanh, Sysavanh; Shipin, Oleg; Rocklöv, Joacim; Paul, Richard E; Rahman, Md Siddikur; Mayxay, Mayfong
title: Epidemiological profile of dengue in Champasak and Savannakhet provinces, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2003–2020: Dengue epidemiological profile in southern Lao PDR
date: 2022-11-23
words: 5097
flesch: 57
summary: While the notification rate remained high in children and young adults (5–30 years), especially among students and farmers, a shift in the age structure of dengue cases was observed, with a greater proportion of notifications now occurring in those aged over 30 years. Population data, based on the 2005 and 2015 censuses, were acquired from the official web portal of the national department of statistics.5 National data on the temporal trends in dengue cases (2003–2020) were also used in the analysis.
keywords: cases; champasak; dengue; fig; health; lao; lao pdr; number; pdr; provinces; savannakhet; study
cache: wpsar-932.pdf
plain text: wpsar-932.txt
item: #417 of 447
id: wpsar-935
author: Arashiro, Ashley
title: Acknowledgement to WPSAR reviewers, 2020-2021
date: 2022-01-04
words: 497
flesch: 9
summary: Michaela Riddell, Olivier Ronveaux, Mika Saito, Timothy Sloan-Gardner, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Yat Hung Tam, Junko Tanaka, Jade LL Teng, Yoser Thamtono, John Turnidge, Mohammad Helal Uddin, Kerri Viney, Cecilia Xu, Rajpal Yadav, Takashi Yoshiyama, Joon Sup Yeom, Zaixing Zhang, Weigong Zhoua, Kathleen Gallagher, Jun Gao, Philippe Glaziou, Shoshanna Goldin, Philip Gould, Varja Grabovac, Jin Gwack, Jose Hagan, Riitta-Maija Hamalainen, James Heffelfinger, Einar Heldal, Claire Heney, Bonnie Henry, Lai Ming Ho, Andrew Hodgetts, Peter Hoejskov, Ben Howden, Masahiro Ishikane, Naoko Ishikawa, Tauhid Islam, Daiki Kanbayashi, Masaya Kato, Mariana Kikuti, Rama Krishna, Gary Kuniyoshi, Julia Latash, Eric Lau, Ben Lilley, Ying-Ru Lo, Heidi Lord, Christopher Lowbridge, L. Ulzii-Orshikh Luvsansharav, John MacArthur, John Mackenzie, Therese Marfori, Lisa McCallum, Charlotte McKercher, Lucy McNamara, Dubravka Selenic Minet, Cameron Moffatt, Daphne Moffett, Matthew Moore, Keita Morikane, David Muscatello, Karen Nahapetyan, Kien Nguyen, Tuan Hai Nguyen, Takeshi Nishijima, Shingo Nishiki, Juhwan Oh, Kyung Hyun Oh, Kazunori Oishi, Victoria Oluwabunmi Oladoyin, Masaki Ota, Satoko Otsu, Amy Parry, Bev Paterson, Johnette Agpoon Peñas, Quang Duy Pham, Phuc H Phan, Saraswathi Bina Rai, Salim Reza, Michaela Riddell, Olivier Ronveaux, Mika Saito, Timothy Sloan-Gardner, Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Yat Hung Tam, Junko Tanaka, Jade LL Teng, Yoser Thamtono, John Turnidge, Mohammad Helal Uddin, Kerri Viney, Cecilia Xu, Rajpal Yadav, Takashi Yoshiyama, Joon Sup Yeom, Zaixing Zhang, Weigong Zhou Our reviewers for articles finalised in 2020-2021 were: Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Stephen Aichele, Ananda Amarasinghe, Yuzo Arima, Yin Myo Aye, Darryl Wade Barrett, Nyambat Batmunkh, Leila Bell, Julie Bines, David Brett-Major, Simon Burggraaf, Hwang Ching Chan, Po-lin Chan, Norziha Che-Him, Young June Choe, Zhuo Lin Chong, Hitesh Chugh, Paula Couto, Adam Craig, Zoe Cutcher, Siddhartha Sankar Datta, Manuel Dayrit, Michael Desjardins, Ciao Hien Do, Marion Easton, Socorro Escalante, Anthony Eshofonie, Roger Evans, Emma Field, James Fielding, Shannon Fleck-Derderian, Christopher Fitzpatrick, Paula Fujiwara, Kathleen Gallagher, Jun Gao, Philippe Glaziou, Shoshanna Goldin, Philip Gould, Varja Grabovac, Jin Gwack, Jose Hagan, Riitta-Maija Hamalainen, James Heffelfinger, Einar Heldal, Claire Heney, Bonnie Henry, Lai Ming Ho, Andrew Hodgetts, Peter Hoejskov, Ben Howden, Masahiro Ishikane, Naoko Ishikawa, Tauhid Islam, Daiki Kanbayashi, Masaya Kato, Mariana Kikuti, Rama Krishna, Gary Kuniyoshi, Julia Latash, Eric Lau, Ben Lilley, Ying-Ru Lo, Heidi Lord, Christopher Lowbridge, L. Ulzii-Orshikh Luvsansharav, John MacArthur, John Mackenzie, Therese Marfori, Lisa McCallum, Charlotte McKercher, Lucy McNamara, Dubravka Selenic Minet, Cameron Moffatt, Daphne Moffett, Matthew Moore, Keita Morikane, David Muscatello, Karen Nahapetyan, Kien Nguyen, Tuan Hai Nguyen, Takeshi Nishijima, Shingo Nishiki,
keywords: ben; david; john; nguyen; reviewers
cache: wpsar-935.pdf
plain text: wpsar-935.txt
item: #418 of 447
id: wpsar-94
author: None
title: wpsar-94
date: None
words: 2593
flesch: 45
summary: Detection of influenza virus resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors by an enzyme inhibition assay. Oseltamivir resistance among influenza viruses: surveillance in northern Viet Nam, 2009–2012 Original Research Hoang Vu Mai-Phuong,a Nguyen Co Thach,a Nguyen Le Khanh Hang,a Nguyen Thi Kim Phuonga and Le Quynh Maia a National Influenza Center, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
keywords: a(h5n1; influenza; isolates; nam; oseltamivir; resistance; viet; viruses
cache: wpsar-94.htm
plain text: wpsar-94.txt
item: #419 of 447
id: wpsar-941
author: Tan, Shi Ying; Teo, Shyh Poh; Abdullah, Muhd Syafiq; Chong, Pui Lin; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Mani, Babu Ivan; Momin, Natalie Riamiza; Lim, Adrian Chin Ann; Rahman, Noor Affizan; Chong, Chee Fui; Chong, Vui Heng
title: COVID-19 symptom duration: associations with age, severity and vaccination status in Brunei Darussalam, 2021: COVID-19 symptom duration in Brunei Darussalam
date: 2022-11-07
words: 5479
flesch: 57
summary: Scatterplot of age and duration of COVID-19 symptoms for 548 cases admitted to the National Isolation Centre, 7–30 August 2021, Brunei Darussalam during the first 2 weeks of symptoms.15,16 Knowledge of symptom duration may be useful as a proxy measure for infectivity in patients, removing the need for laboratory testing. COVID-19 symptom duration: associations with age, severity and vaccination status in Brunei Darussalam, 2021 Shi Ying Tan,a,b Shyh Poh Teo,b Muhd Syafiq Abdullah,a-c Pui Lin Chong,a,b Rosmonaliza Asli,a,b Babu Ivan Mani,a Natalie Riamiza Momin,a,b Adrian Chin Ann Lim,a Noor Affizan Rahman,a Chee Fui Chonga and Vui Heng Chonga,b,c Correspondence to Shyh Poh Teo (email: shyhpoh.teo@moh.gov.bn) WPSAR
keywords: admission; age; cases; covid-19; days; disease; duration; group; study; symptoms; vaccination
cache: wpsar-941.pdf
plain text: wpsar-941.txt
item: #420 of 447
id: wpsar-942
author: Batsukh, Buyantogtokh; Khishigsaikhan, Bund-Ochir; Buyanbaatar, Dulamragchaa; Danzan, Gerelmaa; Munkhtur, Nansalmaa; Ochirpurev, Ariuntuya; Nishijima, Takeshi; Sobel, Howard; Zakoji, Masahiro
title: Urgent actions to save lives when ICU bed needs approach or exceed capacity: lessons from Mongolia: Urgent actions to save lives
date: 2022-09-09
words: 1961
flesch: 53
summary: Fig. 2. COVID-19 bed and ICU occupancy in Ulaanbaatar, 21 May–19 July 2021 3x4 table and bed management team Fig. 3 comparison 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 100 200 300 400 21 May 28 May 4 June 11 June 18 June 25 June 2 July 9 July 16 July O cc up an cy (% ) N um be r o f I CU b ed s Occupied ICU beds Available ICU beds ICU occupancy 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 21 May 28 May 4 June 11 June 18 June 25 June 2 July 9 July 16 July O cc up an cy (% ) N um be r o f C O VI D -1 9 be ds Occupied COVID-19 beds Available COVID-19 beds COVID-19 bed occupancy 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 15 30 15 31 15 31 15 28 15 31 15 30 15 31 15 30 15 31 Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July N um be r of c as es Date of infection Ulaanbaatar Provinces 3x4 table and bed management team WPSAR By early June, COVID-19 hospital bed and intensive care unit (ICU) bed occupancy in the capital of Ulaanbaatar exceeded total capacity (Fig. 2).
keywords: care; covid-19; health; icu; june; patients
cache: wpsar-942.pdf
plain text: wpsar-942.txt
item: #421 of 447
id: wpsar-943
author: Kobayashi, Yusuke; Arashiro, Takeshi; Otsuka, Miyako; Tsuchihashi, Yuuki; Takahashi, Takuri; Arima, Yuzo; Ko, Yura K.; Otani, Kanako; Yamauchi, Masato; Kamigaki, Taro; Morita-Ishihara, Tomoko; Takahashi, Hiromizu; Uchikoba, Sana; Shimatani, Michitsugu; Takeshita, Nozomi; Suzuki, Motoi; Ohnishi, Makoto
title: Replacement of SARS-CoV-2 strains with variants carrying N501Y and L452R mutations in Japan: an epidemiological surveillance assessment
date: 2022-09-16
words: 5724
flesch: 52
summary: Rise in proportions of the (A) N501Y mutation and B.1.1.7 variant, January to May, and (B) L452R mutation and AY.29 (B.1.167.2) variant, May to September, Japan, 2021 Region N501Y L452R 8 March to 17 May 2021 7 June to 20 September 2021 A) Number of variant screening tests performed B) Number of COVID-19 cases reported A) to B) ratio A) Number of variant screening tests performed B) Number of COVID-19 cases reported A) to B) ratio Hokkaido 1955 11 302 17.3 6186 20 258 30.5 Tohoku 549 10 428 5.3 1896 19 351 9.8 Kanto-Koshin 19 369 81 471 23.8 183 315 477 227 38.4 Hokuriku 130 4187 3.1 860 13 053 6.6 Tokai 2157 21 987 9.8 14 038 90 442 15.5 Kinki 10 108 80 016 12.6 29 639 165 811 17.9 Chugoku 1023 8708 11.7 3293 22 470 14.7 Shikoku 232 4006 5.8 495 8915 5.6 Kyushu 1606 20 255 7.9 8496 65 259 13.0 Okinawa 694 5602 12.4 3565 30 322 11.8 Japan 37 823 247 962 15.3 251 783 913 108 23.6 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 J an 8 J an 15 J an 22 J an 29 J an 5 F eb 12 F eb 19 F eb 26 F eb 5 M ar 12 M ar 19 M ar 26 M ar 2 A pr 9 A pr 16 A pr 23 A pr 30 A pr 7 M ay 14 M ay 21 M ay 28 M ay Day P ro po rt io n Kanto-Koshin Kinki Japan Alpha (B.1.1.7) based on genomic surveillance 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1 M ay 8 M ay 15 M ay 22 M ay 29 M ay 5 J un 12 J un 19 J un 26 J un 3 J ul 10 J ul 17 J ul 24 J ul 31 J ul 7 A ug 14 A ug 21 A ug 28 A ug 4 S ep 11 S ep 18 S ep 25 S ep 2 O ct Day P ro po rt io n (A) (B) WPSAR Based on virological characteristics and epidemic status, the World Health Organization (WHO) and other agencies have designated variants of concern (VOC), variants of interest and variants under monitoring.1,2 By 18 October 2021, the Pango lineage B.1.1.7 and B.1.167.2 (WHO label: Alpha and Delta, respectively) were designated as VOC.
keywords: japan; koshin; l452r; mutation; n501y; region; sars; strains; variant; week
cache: wpsar-943.pdf
plain text: wpsar-943.txt
item: #422 of 447
id: wpsar-948
author: O'Neill, Genevieve; Taylor, Janette; Kok, Jen; Dwyer, Dominic E; Dilcher, Meik; Hua, Harry; Levy, Avram; Smith, David; Minney-Smith, Cara A; Wood, Timothy; Jelley, Lauren; Huang, Q Sue; Trenholme, Adrian; McAuliffe, Gary; Barr, Ian; Sullivan, Sheena G
title: Circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand, 2020–2021
date: 2023-07-27
words: 5972
flesch: 47
summary: In addition, it has been suggested that surgical face masks are not particularly effective at reducing the emission of rhinovirus particles (aerosols and droplets).15 Given that in both countries mandatory mask use was limited to times with stricter restrictions and only recommended at other times (Supplementary Table 1), it seems likely that at least some of the COVID-19 in- fection control measures may have been less effective against adenovirus and rhinovirus transmission and this allowed these viruses to continue to circulate despite the reintroduction of more restrictive PHSMs. Changes in the volume of, and in the way in which the public accessed, respiratory virus testing may also have played a role in the observed patterns of adenovirus and rhinovirus activity.16 We also described respiratory virus activity from January 2017 to August 2021.
keywords: activity; australia; covid-19; data; health; influenza; mobility; new; pandemic; regions; respiratory; restrictions; rsv; testing; viruses; week; zealand
cache: wpsar-948.pdf
plain text: wpsar-948.txt
item: #423 of 447
id: wpsar-949
author: Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq; Asli, Rosmonaliza; Chong, Pui Lin; Mani, Babu Ivan; Momin, Natalie Riamiza; Rahman, Noor Affizan; Chong, Chee Fui; Chong, Vui Heng
title: Post-COVID-19 health-care utilization: one year after the 2020 first wave in Brunei Darussalam
date: 2023-01-18
words: 5243
flesch: 58
summary: This retrospective observational study assesses the number of health-care visits before and after COVID-19 infection in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: COVID-19 cases from the first wave with 12 months of follow-up were included. Characteristics of COVID-19 cases by mean number of health-care visits 12 months before and 12 months after COVID-19 illness during the first wave,a Brunei Darussalam (N = 132) Characteristic N (%) Health-care visits 12 months before COVID-19 (mean ±SD)
keywords: brunei; care; care visits; cases; covid-19; darussalam; health; months; patients; post; study; symptoms; visits; wave
cache: wpsar-949.pdf
plain text: wpsar-949.txt
item: #424 of 447
id: wpsar-951
author: Wang, William T; Chan, Hwang Ching; Somani, Jyoti; Lim, See Ming
title: Mass COVID-19 testing of asymptomatic health-care workers in a tertiary hospital during an outbreak in another hospital in Singapore: an effective strategy? Mass COVID-19 testing of asymptomatic health-care workers
date: 2022-11-23
words: 1768
flesch: 46
summary: Any potential benefits would need to be weighed against any potential harms; for instance, a high proportion of negative tests may inadvertently result in complacency among hospital staff, leading to reduced compliance with infection control measures. Additionally, the pre- symptomatic and early symptomatic periods have been identified as times of considerable transmission risk, with one study suggesting that more than 40% of cases may be infectious in the pre-symptomatic period.3 The increased transmissibility of emerging variant strains of SARS-CoV-2 with shorter incubation periods adds further weight to the arguments in favour of employing HCW screening as a strategy to limit hospital transmission of COVID-19.4 In this relatively small, single-centre study, we did not detect a single case of COVID-19 in a group of 427 HCWs who submitted for PCR testing, despite the fact that 90.4% of participants reported possible exposure to someone from the source hospital.
keywords: covid-19; hospital; mass; source; testing
cache: wpsar-951.pdf
plain text: wpsar-951.txt
item: #425 of 447
id: wpsar-953
author: Quach, Ha-Linh; Nguyen, Khanh Cong; Vogt, Florian
title: After-action reviews for emergency preparedness and response to infectious disease outbreaks
date: 2023-03-22
words: 4260
flesch: 44
summary: We searched PubMed using different combinations of keywords such as “after action review”, “infectious disease”, “World Health Organization”, “epidemic”, “outbreak” and “emergency” (Table 1). No. of records 1 All after action review 49 2 All infectious disease 677 493 3 All epidemic OR outbreak OR emergency 549 053 4 All World Health Organization 98 489 5 All infectious disease OR epidemic OR outbreak OR emergency (searches 2 and 3 combined) 1 176 137 6 All after action review AND infectious disease OR epidemic OR outbreak OR emergency (searches 1 and 5 combined) 20 7 All after action review AND World Health Organization (searches 1 and 4 combined) 4 8 All after action review AND infectious disease OR epidemic OR outbreak OR emergency OR after action review AND World Health Organization (searches 6 and 7 combined) 22 9 Date of publication (2015[Date - Publication]: 2021[Date - Publication]) 8 222 679 10 All after action review AND infectious disease OR epidemic OR outbreak OR emergency OR after action review AND World Health Organization AND (2015[Date - Publication]: 2021[Date - Publication]) (searches 8 and 9 combined) 16 WPSAR
keywords: aar; aars; action; disease; evaluation; health; national; public; review
cache: wpsar-953.pdf
plain text: wpsar-953.txt
item: #426 of 447
id: wpsar-955
author: Ung, Trang thi Hong; Hoang, Phuong Vu Mai; Nguyen, Son Vu; Nguyen, Hang Le Khanh; Nguyen, Phuong thi Kim; Phan, Dan Tan; Le, Thanh Thi; Nguyen, Anh Phuong; Nguyen, Thach Co; Hasebe, Futoshi; Le, Mai thi Quynh
title: Occurrence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in northern Viet Nam in early 2022: Omicron variant in northern Viet Nam, early 2022
date: 2022-09-19
words: 2600
flesch: 61
summary: Until 15 March 2022, these samples were collected from international arrivals at quarantine centres and new community cluster infec- tions in order to monitor the genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in northern Viet Nam. We report on active whole-genome sequencing surveillance of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples collected at that time in northern Viet Nam from international arrivals and community clusters.
keywords: cov-2; nam; omicron; samples; sars; variant; viet; week
cache: wpsar-955.pdf
plain text: wpsar-955.txt
item: #427 of 447
id: wpsar-959
author: Yanagawa, Manami; Lorenzo, John Carlo; Fukusumi, Munehisa; Shimada, Tomoe; Kasamatsu, Ayu; Ota, Masayuki; Nakashita, Manami; Kobayashi, Miho; Yamagishi, Takuya; Samuel, Anita; Ukai, Tomohiko; Kurosawa, Katsuki; Urakawa, Miho; Takahashi, Kensuke; Tsukada, Keiko; Futami, Akane; Inoue, Hideya; Omori, Shun; Komiya, Hiroko; Shimada, Takahisa; Tabata, Sakiko; Yahata, Yuichiro; Kamiya, Hajime; Sunagawa, Tomimasa; Saito, Tomoya; Biaukula, Viema; Metcalf, Tatiana; Saulo, Dina; Matsui, Tamano; Olowokure, Babatunde
title: Use of Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources for global event-based surveillance of infectious diseases for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games
date: 2022-09-15
words: 3501
flesch: 50
summary: Published: 15 September 2022 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.3.959 The establishment of enhanced surveillance systems for mass gatherings to detect infectious diseases that may be imported during an event is recommended. While EIOS successfully captured media articles on infectious diseases with a likelihood of importation to and spread in Japan, a significant manual effort was required to assess the articles for duplicates and against the risk assessment criteria.
keywords: articles; diseases; eios; fever; games; health; information; media; public; signals; surveillance
cache: wpsar-959.pdf
plain text: wpsar-959.txt
item: #428 of 447
id: wpsar-96
author: None
title: wpsar-96
date: None
words: 1658
flesch: 48
summary: Following this outbreak, chikungunya cases were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from eight provinces of Papua New Guinea, with another three provinces having suspected outbreaks. The threat of chikungunya in Oceania Perspective Paul Horwood,a Grace Bande,a Rosheila Dagina,b Laurent Guillaumot,c John Aaskovd and Boris Pavline a Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
keywords: aedes; chikungunya; guinea; new; outbreak; papua
cache: wpsar-96.htm
plain text: wpsar-96.txt
item: #429 of 447
id: wpsar-960
author: Aranas, Denmarc R; Demot, Bernard A; Cajulao, Thea Pamela T
title: Outbreak of Ralstonia bacteraemia among chronic kidney disease patients in a haemodialysis unit in the Philippines: Ralstonia outbreak in a haemodialysis unit
date: 2022-12-27
words: 3384
flesch: 45
summary: DISCUSSION Three cases of Ralstonia insidiosa infection were de- tected within the haemodialysis unit and were linked to a contaminated faucet in the haemodialysis reprocessing machine. In other pub- lished outbreaks, most Ralstonia infections are treated with ciprofloxacin, amikacin piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem or a combination of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins with a good response.8–10 There are no current standard recommendations for drugs or duration of treatment of Ralstonia bacteraemia.
keywords: bacteraemia; case; disease; growth; haemodialysis; hours; incubation; insidiosa; machine; ralstonia; unit
cache: wpsar-960.pdf
plain text: wpsar-960.txt
item: #430 of 447
id: wpsar-964
author: Sharma, Nashika; Balak, Dashika; Prakash, Shaneel; Maguire, Julia
title: Descriptive analysis of deaths associated with COVID-19 in Fiji, 15 April to 14 November 2021: COVID-19 deaths in Fiji
date: 2022-11-23
words: 5258
flesch: 58
summary: However, the number and rate of COVID-19 deaths were highest in those aged ≥70 years, highlighting that COVID-19 mortality increases with age.11–13 Power T, Wilson D, Best O, Brockie T, Bourque Bearskin L, Millender E, et al. COVID-19 and indigenous peoples: an imperative for action.
keywords: age; care; covid-19; deaths; division; fiji; health; home; medical; mortality; people; study
cache: wpsar-964.pdf
plain text: wpsar-964.txt
item: #431 of 447
id: wpsar-965
author: Davis, Dwayne; Kern-Allely, Stephanie; Muldoon, Lily; Tudela, John M; Tudela, Jesse; Raho, Renea; Pangelinan, Heather S; Palacios, Halina; Tabaguel, John; Hinson, Alan; Lifoifoi, Guillermo; Villagomez, Warren; Fauver, Joseph R; Cash, Haley L; Muña, Esther; Casey, Sean T; Khan, Ali S
title: How the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands stalled COVID-19 for 22 months and managed its first significant community transmission
date: 2023-01-25
words: 5763
flesch: 55
summary: Methods: Data from COVID-19 case investigations, contact tracing, the Commonwealth’s immunization registry and whole genome sequencing were collated and analysed as part of this study. The epidemiology of COVID-19 in CNMI mirrors that observed in other jurisdictions around the world, with case rates highest among younger age groups and rates of severe disease, hospitalizations and deaths highest in those aged >50 years.17 Given the high transmissibil- ity of the Delta VOC18 and the CHCC’s limited capacity to monitor a large number of cases, CNMI’s leadership when formulating its response to the October 2021 outbreak made the decision to scale back its resource- intensive contact tracing, quarantine and isolation meas- ures.
keywords: cases; cnmi; commonwealth; community; covid-19; health; islands; outbreak; population; quarantine; rates; testing; vaccination; years
cache: wpsar-965.pdf
plain text: wpsar-965.txt
item: #432 of 447
id: wpsar-967
author: Hammad, Karen; Casey, Sean; Taito, Rigamoto; Demas, Sara W; Joshi, Mohita; Rita, Rashmi; Maisema, Anaseini
title: Implementation and use of a national electronic dashboard to guide COVID-19 clinical management in Fiji
date: 2023-02-22
words: 3561
flesch: 46
summary: Fazaeli S, Khodaveisi T, Vaklizadeh AK, Yousefi M, Ariafar A, Shokoohizadeh M, et al. Development, implementation, and user evaluation of COVID-19 dashboard in a third-level hospital in Iran. Can hospital dashboards provide visibility of information from bedside to board?
keywords: care; cases; covid-19; dashboard; data; fiji; health; hospital; information; management; use
cache: wpsar-967.pdf
plain text: wpsar-967.txt
item: #433 of 447
id: wpsar-97
author: None
title: wpsar-97
date: None
words: 1467
flesch: 41
summary: Vibrio cholerae antimicrobial drug resistance, Papua New Guinea, 2009–2011. Vibrio cholerae antimicrobial drug resistance, Papua New Guinea, 2009–2011 Brief Report Manoj Murhekar,a Samir Dutta,b Berry Ropa,c Rosheila Dagina,c Enoch Posanaic and Alexander Rosewella a World Health Organization, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
keywords: cholera; new; papua; resistance; vibrio
cache: wpsar-97.htm
plain text: wpsar-97.txt
item: #434 of 447
id: wpsar-972
author: Oh, Kyung Hyun; Quelapio, Maria Imelda; Morishita, Fukushi; Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh; Yanagawa, Manami; Islam, Tauhid
title: Progress on diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis in line with World Health Organization recommendations in six priority countries in the Western Pacific Region: Progress on diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB in the Western Pacific
date: 2022-12-19
words: 6434
flesch: 52
summary: Indicators to assess current diagnosis and treatment processes for DR-TB were based on recommendations in the latest WHO guidelines; they included: • use of Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) and Xpert MTB/XDR for diagnostic tests; • use of shorter all-oral bedaquiline-containing regimens; • discontinuation of kanamycin and capreomycin for MDR/RR-TB; and • use of a bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid (BPaL) regimen.6,8 Indicators to assess the progress of diagnosis and treatment for DR-TB were from the latest WHO global TB reports; they included: • percentage of TB patients tested for rifampicin resistance; WPSAR As a result, the number of people diagnosed with MDR/RR-TB and the percentage of TB patients tested for rifampicin resist- ance have also increased.
keywords: countries; diagnosis; mdr; mtb; new; people; priority; treatment; xpert
cache: wpsar-972.pdf
plain text: wpsar-972.txt
item: #435 of 447
id: wpsar-973
author: Togami, Eri; Chiew, May; Lowbridge, Christopher; Biaukula, Viema; Bell, Leila; Yajima, Aya; Eshofonie, Anthony; Saulo, Dina; Do, Hien Thi Hong; Otsu, Satoko; Tran Cong, Dai; Ngon, Mya Sapal; Lee, Chin-Kei; Tsuyuoka, Reiko; Tuseo, Luciano; Khalakdina, Asheena; Kab, Vannda; Abeyasinghe, Rabindra Romauld; Yadav, Rajendra Prasad; Esguerra, Princess; Casey, Sean; Soo, Chun Paul; Fukusumi, Munehisa; Matsui, Tamano; Olowokure, Babatunde
title: Epidemiology of dengue reported in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, 2013–2019
date: 2023-03-22
words: 10544
flesch: 54
summary: In 2019, the total number of reported dengue cases surpassed 1 million for the first time. The numbers of reported cases were low in 2017 and 2018.
keywords: cases; countries; data; deaths; dengue; dengue cases; denv-2; health; islands; laboratory; number; outbreak; pacific; predominant; region; regional; serotype; surveillance; western
cache: wpsar-973.pdf
plain text: wpsar-973.txt
item: #436 of 447
id: wpsar-974
author: Chhim, Srean; Wuddhika, In Vong; Pa, Kimsorn; Chhorn, Chanboroth; Housen, Tambri; Parry, Amy Elizabeth; Van Damme, Wim; Ir, Por; Chhea, Chhorvann
title: A descriptive assessment of the National Institute of Public Health’s role in supporting the COVID-19 response in Cambodia, 2020–2021
date: 2023-03-22
words: 3782
flesch: 42
summary: Vol 14, No 1, 2023 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1.974 https://ojs.wpro.who.int/2 Chhim et alNational Institute of Public Health’s role in COVID-19 response Therefore, the findings reflect an internal audit of the roles of and activities conducted by NIPH staff and should be interpreted with this in mind.
keywords: cambodia; covid-19; health; institute; national; niph; public; response; testing
cache: wpsar-974.pdf
plain text: wpsar-974.txt
item: #437 of 447
id: wpsar-977
author: Do, Hung; Nguyen, Trieu; Do, Thuy; Olmsted, Allison; Trinh, Long; Nguyen, Duy; Huynh, Mai; Bui, Hien; Nguyen, Van; Tran, Kiem; Vo, Trang; Nguyen, Duy; Ton, Thanh; Huynh, Dong; Gould, Philip L; Moore, Matthew R
title: Systematic sequencing of imported cases leads to detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant in central Viet Nam: Systematic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Viet Nam
date: 2022-11-23
words: 2262
flesch: 51
summary: Published: 23 November 2022 doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.977 As authorities braced for the arrival of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infrastructure investments and government directives prompted action in central Viet Nam to establish capacity for genomic surveillance sequencing. Systematic sequencing of imported cases leads to detection of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant in central Viet Nam Do Thai Hung,a Nguyen Bao Trieu,a Do Thi Thu Thuy,b Allison Olmsted,b Trinh Hoang Long,a Nguyen Duc Duy,a Huynh Kim Mai,a Bui Thi Thu Hien,b Nguyen Van Van,c Tran Van Kiem,d Vo Thi Thuy Trang,d Nguyen Truong Duy,d Ton That Thanh,e Huynh Van Dong,f Philip Gouldb and Matthew Mooreb Correspondence to Allison Olmsted (email: rzu9@cdc.gov) WPSAR
keywords: cases; cov-2; health; nam; omicron; sars; sequencing; viet
cache: wpsar-977.pdf
plain text: wpsar-977.txt
item: #438 of 447
id: wpsar-979
author: Parry, Amy Elizabeth; Law, Charlee; Pourmarzi, Davoud; Vogt, Florian; Field, Emma; Colquhoun, Samantha
title: Contribution of the Australian field epidemiology training workforce to the COVID-19 response, 2020: Australian FETP response to COVID-19
date: 2022-12-27
words: 2533
flesch: 46
summary: Such events have highlighted not just the vital role played by the field epidemiology workforce in rapidly and effectively managing a wide range of public health emergencies but also the need to continually train and invest in this workforce to ensure high levels of public health emergency preparedness.1–5 Health workforce strengthening is essential to achieving the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) core capacities.6 The Asia Pacific Strategy for Emerging Diseases and Public Health Emergencies (APSED III) also makes specific reference to the need for a skilled and experienced local public health workforce for preventing the escalation of public health emergencies.7 The Australian Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP), commonly known as the Master of Philosophy in Applied Epidemiology (MAE), is one of several public health training programmes in Australia. 1WPSAR Vol 13, No 4, 2022 | doi: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.979 Brief Report T he range of public health emergencies that occurred in Australia during 2020 illustrates the complexity of contemporary acute public health issues.
keywords: activities; alumni; australian; covid-19; epidemiology; fetp; health; response; workforce
cache: wpsar-979.pdf
plain text: wpsar-979.txt
item: #439 of 447
id: wpsar-981
author: Marsh, Celeste; Salmon, Sharon; Housen, Tambri; Flint, James; Taylor, Joanne; Hapolo, Emmanuel; Ortuzar, Maria Trinidad Velasco; Smaghi, Bernnedine; Eshofonie, Anthony; Ropa, Berry
title: Ready to respond: adapting rapid response team training in Papua New Guinea during the COVID-19 pandemic: Training for impact - field epidemiology training in Papua New Guinea
date: 2022-12-21
words: 3488
flesch: 42
summary: We present a model of RRT training and capacity strengthening being piloted in provinces across Papua New Guinea. LESSONS LEARNED As of June 2022, RRT initiation training (Phase 1) had been conducted in 11 provinces, training 190 RRT members.
keywords: guinea; health; national; new; papua; response; rrt; rrts; training
cache: wpsar-981.pdf
plain text: wpsar-981.txt
item: #440 of 447
id: wpsar-984
author: Migriño, Jr, Julius R; Bernardo-Lazaro, Ma Rosario
title: Using an online calculator to describe excess mortality in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic
date: 2023-03-22
words: 6027
flesch: 57
summary: Although the trend of excess deaths from both methods used in this study were consistent, the total number of excess deaths differed, suggesting that analysis of excess mortality data should take into account the method used to calculate the excess deaths. An assessment by the World Health Organization (WHO) of 133 countries in 2020 found that almost 40% of the world’s deaths were not registered.6 One method to standardize estimates of COVID-19 deaths is through measurement of excess mortality, defined as “the increase of all-cause mortality over the mortality expected based on historic trends”.7 P-score is an associated index of excess mortality and represents the percentage of excess deaths relative to the expected deaths.8
keywords: administrative; cause; covid-19; data; deaths; excess; health; mortality; pandemic; philippines; region; scores; study
cache: wpsar-984.pdf
plain text: wpsar-984.txt
item: #441 of 447
id: wpsar-985
author: Khairul Amin, Khairul Hafidz Alkhair; Bujang, Nur Nadiatul Asyikin; Abas, Siti Aishah; Zulkifli, Nadiatul Ima; Amir, Syuaib Aiman; Mohd Shah, Sharina; Ganesan, Veshny; Aziz, Nurul Fazilah; Jalaluddin, Muhammad Adli; Abd Wahil, Mohd Shahrol; Muhamad Hasani, Muhamad Hazizi; Mohd Ali, Noor Khalili; Yusof, Mohamad Paid
title: Epidemiology of COVID-19 cases and vaccination coverage in Seremban District, Malaysia, 2021
date: 2023-05-24
words: 3646
flesch: 57
summary: Methods: The demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 cases and the district’s vaccination coverage were described. Vaccination coverage was plotted against COVID-19 cases on the epidemic curve.
keywords: cases; category; coverage; covid-19; district; health; malaysia; seremban; unvaccinated; vaccination
cache: wpsar-985.pdf
plain text: wpsar-985.txt
item: #442 of 447
id: wpsar-987
author: Skufca, Jozica; Bell, Leila; Molino, J C Pal; Saulo, Dina; Lee, Chin-Kei; Otsu, Satoko; Co, Kim Carmela; Chiew, May; Leuangvilay, Phetdavanh; Patel, Sarika; Khalakdina, Asheena; Ieng, Vanra; Matsui, Tamano; Olowokure, Babatunde
title: An epidemiological overview of human infections with HxNy avian influenza in the Western Pacific Region, 2003–2022: Human infections with HxNy avian influenza in the Western Pacific Region
date: 2022-12-19
words: 4278
flesch: 63
summary: Accordingly, continued multi-sectoral col- laboration at the human–animal interface is needed for effective mitigation of the pandemic threat of AI. from 2014 to 2016 revealed that A(H5N6) replaced A(H5N1) as the dominant subtype in southern China, especially in ducks.15 Additional mammal-adapted mutations were also detected, indicating the viral adaptation process from birds to humans.13 However, although human A(H5N6) cases were reported from China from December 2021 to March 2022, no poultry/ bird outbreaks of A(H5N6) were notified to the World Organisation for Animal Health, which may suggest an underreporting of poultry outbreaks.2 The increase in reported human cases of A(H5N6) may also be due to enhanced diagnostic capacity for respiratory disease surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of generally increased awareness of respiratory illness across the public health This current report provides an update on human cases of A(HxNy) notified from 1 November 2003 to 31 July 2022.
keywords: a(hxny; avian; cases; china; health; human; infections; influenza
cache: wpsar-987.pdf
plain text: wpsar-987.txt
item: #443 of 447
id: wpsar-989
author: Flint, James A; Taylor, Joanne; Housen, Tambri; Ropa, Barry; Smaghi, Bernnie; Macfarlane-Berry, Laura; Marsh, Celeste; Pukienei, Alois; Bauri, Mathias; Durrheim, David N
title: Involvement and readiness of fellows from Papua New Guinea’s Field Epidemiology Training Programme in the COVID-19 response, 2020–2021
date: 2023-06-24
words: 3481
flesch: 44
summary: Ensure there is a provincial budget for COVID-19 response and outbreaks with programme-based budgeting • Establish processes at provincial level to facilitate rapid mobilization of financial and human resources in response to public health emergencies (with minimal impact on routine services) Flint J. Field Epidemiology Training Program of Papua New Guinea (FETPNG): advanced FETPNG fellows involvement and readiness for COVID-19 response – a FETPNG Intra Action Re- view Protocol, Version 1.0, February 2022:
keywords: covid-19; epidemiology; fellows; fetp; field; guinea; health; new; response; training
cache: wpsar-989.pdf
plain text: wpsar-989.txt
item: #444 of 447
id: wpsar-99
author: None
title: wpsar-99
date: None
words: 2645
flesch: 46
summary: Far more concerning is the fact that 28% of EBS events took more than 30 days to be investigated. The EBS system was established to complement the existing indicator-based surveillance systems operating in provincial hospitals, which, due to poor timeliness, were inappropriate for the early detection of public health events.
keywords: ebs; events; health; new; surveillance; system
cache: wpsar-99.htm
plain text: wpsar-99.txt
item: #445 of 447
id: wpsar-996
author: Yanagawa, Manami; Morishita, Fukushi; Oh, Kyung Hyun; Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh; Islam, Tauhidul Abm; Yadav, Subhash
title: Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the Pacific island countries and areas, 2000–2020
date: 2023-02-22
words: 5852
flesch: 54
summary: TB cases The number of reported TB cases (new and relapse) in the subregion has increased over the last two decades, ranging from 1229 in 2002 to 1991 in 2018 (Fig. 3). TB cases increased by 29% during 2000–2020, with 1746 cases in 2020 and a high proportion in children (19%).
keywords: cases; data; hiv; incidence; islands; number; pacific; pics; treatment
cache: wpsar-996.pdf
plain text: wpsar-996.txt
item: #446 of 447
id: wpsar-998
author: Raphael, Mark; Kelly-Hanku, Angela; Heslop, David; Hutchinson, Danielle; Kunasekaran, Mohana; Quigley, Ashley; MacIntyre, Raina
title: Early pandemic use of face masks in Papua New Guinea under a mask mandate
date: 2023-03-28
words: 4282
flesch: 44
summary: We aimed to determine the frequency of face mask wearing by the general public in Papua New Guinea under the mask mandate. Early pandemic use of face masks in Papua New Guinea under a mask mandate Mark Raphael,a Angela Kelly-Hanku,a,b David Heslop,c Danielle Hutchinson,d Mohana Kunasekaran,d Ashley Quigleyd and Raina MacIntyred,e Correspondence to Danielle Hutchinson (email: dani.hutchinson@protonmail.com) WPSAR
keywords: compliance; covid-19; face; gatherings; guinea; mask; new; pandemic; papua; people; photographs; wearing
cache: wpsar-998.pdf
plain text: wpsar-998.txt
item: #447 of 447
id: wpsar-999
author: Dominguez, Roanne J; Domingo-Cereno, Nicole A; Josue-Dominguez, Rosemarie T
title: Antimicrobial use in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study
date: 2023-06-24
words: 4418
flesch: 49
summary: Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to compare COVID-19 patients who were prescribed antibiotics with those who were not. Prescribing antibiot- ics for COVID-19 patients was based on the WHO interim guidelines to treat for possible bacterial infection.18,19 In two smaller studies from Jiangsu and Wuhan, antibiotics were prescribed to almost all patients.20,21 In a study conducted by Rawson et al.,14 72% of patients with COVID-19 received antimicrobial therapy, though only 8% of patients were reported to have bacterial coinfec- tion.
keywords: antibiotic; bacterial; blood; covid-19; hospital; infection; patients; ref; study; use
cache: wpsar-999.pdf
plain text: wpsar-999.txt