YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 155 The Concept of State Defense in the Millennial Era and in the midst of the Pandemic Covid -19 According to the Foundation of State Defense in Article 27 Paragraph (3) and Article 30 Paragraph (1) of UUD 1945 (by PPWK activities National Insight Education Center) Ragil Ira Mayasari Faculty of Law, Mayjen Sungkono University, Mojokerto E-mail : maiaiga38@gmail.com ABSTRACT Based on Article 27 Paragraph (3) and Article 30 Paragraph (1) of UUD 1945 in increasing the sense of State Defense, Bakesbangpol Mojokerto City plays an active role among high school students in Mojokerto City with the PPWK activity "Education Center with National Insights"The method used in this research is using the juridical empirical method. What is meant by Juridical Empirical is that in analyzing problems, it is done by combining legal materials (which are secondary data) and primary data obtained from the field. As a scientific activity, this research is not based on reviewing only one discipline, but is based on the perspective of the relevant educational disciplines. However, although the research carried out uses the perspective of educational disciplines, it is still a legal research where in this study the perspective of the discipline of law is only used as a tool in its implementation. With the research conducted for ± 10 months, namely in February- November, significant results were obtained where the data was obtained from the comparison of the average student answers through the pre-test and post-test. So it can be concluded, that with the PPWK activity "National Insights Education Center" carried out in high schools in Mojokerto City, it can help realize the Concept of State Defense in the Millennial Era and in the midst of the Covid 19 Pandemic According to the Foundation of State Defense in Article 27 Paragraph (3) and Article 30 Paragraph (1) of UUD 1945. Keywords: Legal Basis,State Defense 1. INTRODUCTION The legal basis for implementing State Defense is contained in the Body of UUD 1945. Basically, the love of the Fatherland and being willing to sacrifice for the sake of the Nation and the State are attitudes that must be possessed by every citizen. Likewise with Indonesian citizens, where placing unity and integrity above personal and group interests is an absolute obligation that must be carried out. This is stated in Article 27 paragraph (3) which reads "Every citizen has the right and obligation to participate in efforts to defend the state" and Article 30 paragraph (1) mandates that "Every citizen has the right and obligation to participate in defense efforts and state security ”. Love and an attitude of self-sacrifice for the State and Nation itself have an important role in dealing with various conditions that occur within the country, namely in the form of TCOD (Threats, Challenges, Obstacles and Disturbances) both from within and from outside. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ mailto:maiaiga38@gmail.com YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 156 When Covid-19 pandemic, all Indonesian people remain and must always instill the character and spirit of Defending the Nation. The students in Indonesia are no exception, where during the Covid-19 pandemic that occurred in Indonesia and also hit almost all corners of the world, of course it had a big impact on various sectors of government, both in the economic, political, social, cultural and sectors. Education. With the enactment of the Local lockdown, it requires the government to take firm steps towards the world of education in Indonesia. Especially with the number of positive cases that are increasing day by day, the government is also implementing physical distancing to avoid viruses through physical contact. National movements that are usually carried out at the school level, such as flag ceremonies every Monday, Extra-curricular activities and other activities aimed at increasing the attitude of State Defense for students are reduced and it is feared that they will reduce the spirit of State Defense. Students in Indonesia. Where in accordance with the regulations of the Minister of Education and Culture (Mendikbud) Nadiem Makarim, who has established a learning policy to be a distance learning system since March 2020, where teaching and learning activities are carried out online or online from their respective homes. This is considering the high number of Indonesians exposed to the Covid-19 virus. The Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture also makes the Regional Government to take a firm stance on the possibility of new Covid-19 clusters in the education sphere, so that in Mayor Regulation Number 47 of 2020, third part of Article 15 paragraph 4, during the Covid pandemic -19 implemented through online learning / online. In the implementation of online / online learning, of course, it has many difficulties in its implementation and creates new problems, including students who do not have the necessary facilities, such as Android-based cellphones, difficulty in internet networks in remote areas, limitations in understanding and using technology, and things that might happen and are very dangerous, namely the decreased personal resilience of students in carrying out learning activities carried out online. With the decline in personal resilience experienced by these students will have a major impact on National Defense in the education sector.1 2. RESEARCH METHODS The method used in this research is using the juridical empirical method. What is meant by Juridical Empirical is that in analyzing problems, it is done by combining legal materials (which are secondary data) and primary data obtained from the field.2 The data taken, which came from respondents from the implementation of the PPWK activity "Education Center for National Insights" in 2020 organized by the National Unity and Political Body of Mojokerto City. 1Wahab, R. (2020). Tantangan dan Kesempatan Pendidikan Era Covid-19. https://arbaswedan.id/tantangan- dan-kesempatan-pendidikan-era-covid-19/ 237 Abdulkadir Muhammad, “ Hukum dan Penelitian Hukum” , Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 2004, hlm 134 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 157 As a scientific activity, this research is not based on reviewing only one discipline, but is based on the perspective of the relevant educational disciplines. However, although the research carried out uses the perspective of educational disciplines, it is still a legal research where in this study the perspective of the discipline of law is only used as a tool in its implementation. 2. FINDING AND DISCUSSION The online learning system certainly affects the time used in teaching and learning activities, where the time used is shorter and not the same as when learning in class. Attendance, lack of personal touch, and lack of interaction due to connectivity issues were found to be significant drawbacks of online learning.3 Based on the basic principles that form the basis for State Defense as stated in Article 27 Paragraph (3) and Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution which are applied, the PPWK Program which is implemented by Bakesbangpol Kota Mojokerto refers to the Kemhan Icon (Ministry of Defense), namely: The realization of a state defense awareness development system involving Ministries / Agencies, Regional Governments and Other National Components, by: a) Goals Increasing synergy between Ministries / Institutions, Regional Governments and Other National Components in fostering awareness of state defense. b) Strategy 1. Increasing cooperation and partnerships between Ministries / Institutions, Regional Governments and other national components in the implementation of awareness building for state defense. 2. Improved coordination between Ministries / Agencies, Regional Governments and other national components in fostering awareness of state defenseThe existence of an daring/online learning system, affects the time spent learning. The time used is shorter and is not the same as when studying in class. Attendance, lack of personal touch, and lack of interaction due to connectivity issues were found to be significant drawbacks of online learning.4 The rise of juvenile delinquency is also an indication of the weakening sense of State Defense among young people. This problem was felt by our educators during the Covid-19 Pandemic, namely the difficulty in teaching ethics, norms and morals to students. This is because there are difficulties in meeting face to face. With the problems that occur, it makes a separate concern for the future, where ethical discipline and having moral based on Pancasila are provisions 3Arora, A. K., & Srinivasan, R. (2020). Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the teaching –learning process: A study of higher education teachers. Prabadhan: Indian Journal of Management, 13(4) 4.Kemhan.go.id http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 158 for students to instill a sense of love for the country. This is also stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution which explains that one of the goals of national development is to educate the nation, so that quality, responsible, advanced and independent human resources can be created in accordance with the order of community life based on Pancasila. The concept of State Defense in the Millennial Era and in the midst of the Covid 19 Pandemic should indeed not come out and refer to the Foundation for State Defense in Article 27 Paragraph (3) and Article 30 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, where moral education or ethical values should be focused on moral thinking and moral action. The conception of morality itself needs to be integrated with the experience in the life of a student which is found in the basic elements of State defense which have cognitive and affective components that are indispensable in moral development. The cognitive aspect allows a person to make appropriate moral choices, while the affective aspect sharpens the sensitivity of the conscience, which provides an impetus for moral action. There are 10 aspects of moral degradation that afflict a country which are signs of the destruction of a nation. These ten signs (1) Increased violence in adolescents, (2) worsening use of words, (3) The influence of strong peer groups in acts of violence, (4) Increased use of drugs, alcohol and free sex, ( 5) Blurred moral boundaries of good and bad, (6) Decreased work ethic, (7) Low respect for parents and teachers, (8) Low sense of individual and citizen responsibility, (9) A culture of dishonesty, (10) mutual suspicion and hatred among each other.5 Bakesbangpol "National Unity and Political Organization" Mojokerto City which is located on Jl. Benteng Pancasila No.21B, Mergelo, Balongsari, Kec. Magersari, Mojokerto City, East Java has a superior program in cultivating and maintaining the love of the homeland in the ethics and morals of students based on Pancasila. The activity is called PPWK "National Insight Education Center", where the program refers to the Mayor's Decree Number: 188.45 / 102 / 417.111 / 2020 which reads: a. that in order to carry out the order of article 11 of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 71 of 2012 concerning Guidelines for National Insights Education, it is necessary to establish a National Education Center in Mojokerto City. b. that based on the considerations referred to in letter a, it is necessary to stipulate a Mojokerto Mayor's Decree regarding the "Education Center for National Insights" PPWK for Mojokerto City for the 2020-2023 Period6 The SHS targets were the focus of the Team in implementing PPWK "Education Center for National Insights", namely all SHS in Mojokerto, including: 5Sutawi, MP, 2010, Restorasi Keberadaan Bangsa melalui Pendidikan Karakter, Malang : Malang Post 6Keputusan Walikota Mojokerto, 2020, Pusat Pendidikan Wawasan Kebangsaan Kota Mojokerto Periode Tahun 2020-2023 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 159 Table 1. List of Schools’s Target NUMB TARGET SCHOOL ADDRESS 1 Public Senior High School 1 Mojokerto Jl.Jawa 2 Public Senior High School2 Mojokerto Jl. Raya Ijen 3 Public Senior High School3 Mojokerto Jl. Pemuda No.33 4 Public High School Major1 Mojokerto Jl. Kedungsari 5 Public High School Major2 Mojokerto JL. Raya Pulorejo 6 Senior High School Muhammadiyah Mojokerto Jl. Sinoman 7 High School MajorTaman Siswa Mojokerto Jl. Taman Siswa No. 30 8 High School Major Taman Siswa Mojokerto Jl. Panderman Wates 9 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Mojokerto Jl. Cinde 10 High School Major Raden Patah Mojokerto Jl. Mayjen Sungkono No 78 In its implementation, the PPWK Program "Education Center for National Insights" in 2020 starts for 10 months, namely in February-November. With the target of Senior High Schools (SHS) in the City of Mojokerto. For the time of delivering the material itself, it is carried out during the Monday Ceremony activities and is added to the Scout Extracurricular activities. This PPWK activity also involved speakers from several Mojokerto City Government Agencies, including: Table 2. Names of Speakers and Institutions of the 2020 Mojokerto City National Insights Education Working Group Working Group Team Numb Institution Name Name Position 1 Secretary of the City of Mojokerto Harlistyati, S.H., M.Si Chairman 2 Head of the National Unity and Political Organization of Mojokerto City Anang Fahruroji, S.Sos., M.Si Vice Chairman 3 Head of the Department of Ideology and National Insight at the National Unity and Political Organization of Mojokerto City Masruroh Agustin, S.T, M.T Secretary 4 Head of the Mojokerto City Development Planning Agency Agung Moelyono, S.H., M.H Member 5 The Territorial Section Officer of the 062 Military Resort Command / Citra Panca Yudha Jaya Mojokerto Komang Dharma Laksamana Member 6 Head of the Mojokerto City Police Community Development Unit Iptu Anang Leo Afera, S.H Member 7 Head of Mojokerto City Education Office Amin Wachid, S.Sos., M.Si Member 8 General Secretary of the Indonesian Ulema Council, Mojokerto City Drs. Moch Dahlan, M.M Member 9 Deputy Dean II, Faculty of Law / National Resilience& Security Lecturer, Major General Sungkono Mojokerto University's Pancasila & Citizenship Lecturer Ragil Ira Mayasari, S.Pd., M.Sc Member 10 1 (one) Executive Board of the Educational Institution of the Indonesian Teachers Association in Dra. Enny Rahmawati, M.S Member http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 160 Mojokerto City 11 Secretary of the Indonesian Teachers Association in Mojokerto Drs. J. Teguh Pribadi, M.Pd Member 12 Deputy Chairman of the Mojokerto City Education Council Ir. Drs. H. Soelistyo Pribadi, M.M Member 13 Secretary General of the Student Council of Tarbiyah Science High School Raden wijaya Mojokerto Muhammad Lutfi Hermansyah Member 14 Head of Sub Division of National Insight at the National Unity and Political Organization of Mojokerto City Ery Emy Budi Soelityo, S.H Member 15 Head of Sub Division of Ideology at the National Unity and Political Organization of Mojokerto City Maria Lucia Ansartin, S.Sos Member 16 Head of the Subag of Finance at the Mojokerto City Political and National Unity Agency Sa’adiah Nur’aini, S.E., M.M Member 17 1 (one) data processor in the field of ideology and national insight at the National Unity and Political Organization of Mojokerto City Eni Pujiastuti Member The presenters come from several background concentrations in accordance with the materials that have been prepared and will be used by Bakesbangpol in the implementation of the PPWK program "Education Center with National Insights" Picture 1. The Team of PPWK Program "Education Center for National Insights" in 2020 Implementation The main objective in implementing PPWK activities "Education Center for National Insights" at the SHS level in Mojokerto City, namely as a manifestation of the implementation of the basic principles of State Defense as stipulated in Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 30 paragraph (1). In this PPWK activity, there are several criteria, including National Insight, which is an insight into the archipelago which is nothing but a guideline for the national development process towards national goals. Meanwhile, national resilience is a condition that must be realized so that the process of achieving these national goals can run successfully. In summary, it can be http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 161 said that the insight of nationality and National Resilience are two basic conceptions that support each other as guidelines for the conduct of the life of the nation and state in order to remain victorious and develop continuously. There are score assessment criteria in measuring someone's national insight, namely: Source: Table 3. Score Criteria for National Insights Numb SCORE SCORE CRITERIA 1 0% - 20% Very Bad 2 21% - 40% Bad 3 41% - 60% Good Enough 4 61% - 80% Good 5 81% - 100% Very Good Source: Ridwan (2013:89) 7 So that with the score criteria it will make it easier to assess the level of national resilience of a person in their own personal resilience. a) Implementation of Activities Before the Covid-19 Pandemic In its implementation, namely in early February students are given several questions or what we usually call the Pre Test to find out the ability or initial knowledge of students regarding the National Insight before participating in the PPWK activity "Education Center for National Insights". After doing the Pre Test, the following data are obtained: Picture 2. Pre Test Result Data 7Riduwan, 2013. Belajar Mudah Penelitian Untuk Guru-Karyawan dan Penelitian Pemula. Bandung: Alfabeta SHS A SHS B SHS C SHS D SHS E SHS F SHS G SHS H SHS I SHS J Understand of Nationality 45% 56% 50% 54% 47% 30% 58% 42% 53% 60% a sense of nationality 50% 54% 52% 60% 61% 35% 62% 50% 55% 58% spirit of nationality 65% 50% 60% 62% 54% 45% 58% 51% 60% 85% Average 53% 53% 54% 59% 54% 37% 59% 48% 56% 68% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Pre Test Result data http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 162 From Picture 2 it can be concluded that there is a lack of understanding and a lack of national feeling and enthusiasm. The data is obtained from the highest percentage of answers, namely 58% (Good Enough) on the indicator of national understanding, 62% (Good) on the indicator of a sense of nationality and national spirit. After getting the data through the Pre Test, the PPWK Team began to refine the materials that would be given to students according to the needs and knowledge required from the lowest score obtained based on table 3.3. After perfecting the materials, the presenters began to provide material according to the concentration of each speaker with an implementation schedule that had been coordinated and determined by the respective schools. Implementation of activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic In the implementation of the "National Insights Education Center" in the 2nd month, namely March, the Team experienced problems in delivering material due to the Covid-19 pandemic, where the distance learning system policy began to be implemented in March 2020. Besides that, the impact felt in the future The Covid-19 pandemic has made many parties feel difficult in their activities, especially students with distance learning policies are applied. So that students are also required to maintain a sense of nationality, enthusiasm and personal resilience in studying. With the personal resilience possessed by students, it will become a basis for national insight, so that national resilience will be created in the education sector. So that the PPWK team itself has multiple tasks during the Covid-19 era, namely "how to grow and maintain the love of the country in the ethics and morals of students based on Pancasila during the Covid-19 pandemic". So that the team carries out PPWK activities by delivering material using the online method and it is still carried out every week with an allocation of time that has been determined by each school. After several meetings and the delivery of material according to their respective fields of study, the PPWK team also conducted a post test to find out the progress of students after receiving the material given. Thus, the following data are obtained: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 163 Picture 3. Post Test Result Data From Picture 2 it can be concluded that there has been an increase in understanding, feeling and national spirit. The data is obtained from the percentage of "very good" answers on the indicator of national understanding of 92% and "very good" on the indicator of a sense of nationality of 90% achieved by SHS J, while the indicator of national spirit is achieved by SHS A and SHS B. In addition, there is a positive relationship between national insight and personal resilience of students at SHS A, SHS B, SHS C, SHS D, SHS E, SHS F, SHS G, SHS H, SHS I, and SHS J with the strength of the relationship between variables, where resistance is Individuals are not only cultivated by the Pancasila moral which is the basis for national insight, but there is a need for other factors, namely the existence of operational guidelines for teachers, schools and national education curriculum developers to integrate the values of national insight.The following is a comparison of students' answers through the pre and post tests that were carried out: SHS A SHS B SHS C SHS D SHS E SHS F SHS G SHS H SHS I SHS J Understand of Nationality 80% 87% 85% 87% 90% 83% 90% 88% 90% 92% a sense of nationality 80% 84% 87% 88% 88% 82% 85% 78% 82% 90% spirit of nationality 90% 90% 88% 85% 90% 87% 85% 88% 87% 85% Average 83% 87% 87% 87% 89% 84% 87% 85% 86% 89% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Post Test Result data http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 164 Picture 4. Pre-Test and Post-Test Average Value From Picture 4, it can be seen that a significant increase in the personal resilience of high school students in Mojokerto City.With an increase in the sense of State Defense for the younger generation, it will reduce the level of delinquency and crime rates among adolescents and in the internalization of education with a national perspective, there is a need for educational facilities that support the development of the national character of students and there is a need for exemplary parents and teachers and increased cooperation with related institutions in order to instill awareness of the importance of national insight for the nation's future generations. As is the case with the PPWK Program "Center for National Insights Education" which is centered on developing the national character of students. 4. CONCLUSION With the PPWK activity "Education Center for National Insights" which was carried out in SMA in Mojokerto in ± 10 months, namely in February-November, significant results were obtained where the data was obtained from a comparison of the average student answers through the Pre and Post Test. Test performed. So it can be concluded, that the PPWK activity "National Insights Education Center" which was carried out in high schools in Mojokerto City could help realize the Concept of State Defense in the Millennial Era and in the midst of the Covid 19 Pandemic According to the Foundation of State Defense in Article 27 Paragraph (3) and Article 30 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Where the main purpose of this PPWK activity itself has indicators that must be achieved, including students' understanding of nationalism, a sense of nationality and national spirit can be maximally enhanced during the activity. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ YURISDIKSI Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains Universitas Merdeka Surabaya This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License 165 The advantages of this PPWK activity are that the related schools can be helped in increasing the personal resilience of students in learning activities during the Pandemic-Covid 19, so that students remain excited about studying despite the various constraints and limitations that exist. The shortcomings of the PPWK activity "National Insight Education Center" in 2020, namely with limitations in face to face face to face so that the interactions and field activities that the Team has prepared to maximize the theory rather than the material presented have been delayed and have not received an improvement evaluation. for implementation in the following year. Our hopes for the future are related to the development of the PPWK program "Education Center for National Insights" with different targets and with further refinement of materials and methods of implementation as well as possible. And can be a refinement in further research. REFERENCES Abdulkadir Muhamad, (2004). Hukum dan Penelitian Hukum, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung. Arora, A. K., & Srinivasan, R. (2020). Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the teaching –learning process: A study of higher education teachers. Prabadhan: Indian Journal of Management, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i4/151825 Keputusan Walikota Mojokerto, (2020). Pusat Pendidikan Wawasan Kebangsaan Kota Mojokerto Periode Tahun 2020-2023 “Pertanyaan dan Jawaban Terkait Coronavirus Disease, (2019). (COVID-19)” (http://stoppneumonia.id/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/qna_coronavirus_updated_06032020.p df, diakses pada 06 Maret 2020)Riduwan,2013. Belajar Mudah Penelitian Untuk Guru- Karyawan dan Penelitian Pemula. Bandung: Alfabeta Riduwan, (2013). Belajar Mudah Penelitian Untuk Guru-Karyawan dan Penelitian Pemula. Bandung: Alfabeta Sutawi, MP, (2010), Restoasi Keberadaan Bangsa Melalui Pendidikan Karakter, (Edisi 20), Malang, Malang Post. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, Batang Tubuh. Wahab, R. (2020). Tantangan dan Kesempatan Pendidikan Era Covid-19. https://arbaswedan.id/tantangan-dan-kesempatan-pendidikan-era-covid-19/\ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2020/v13i4/151825