07_Azimov-1.indd UDC 598.2: 595.122(575.1) NEW TREMATODE COLLYRICLUM FABA (PLAGIOCHIIDA, COLLYRICLIDAE) DETECTED IN THE BIRDS OF UZBEKISTAN D. A. Azimov, F. D. Akramova, U. A. Shakarbaev, N. N. Azimov Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 232 Bogishamol st., Tashkent, 100053 Uzbekistan E-mail: ushakarbaev@gmail.com F. D. Akramova (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7662-3605) U. A. Shakarbaev (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-2583) New Trematode Collyriclum faba (Plagiochiida, Collyriclidae) Detected in the Birds of Uzbekistan. Azimov, D. A., Akramova, F. D., Shakarbaev, U. A., Azimov, N. N. — Mature forms of Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831) were identifi ed in subcutaneous cysts in the mountain whitethroat — Sylvia althaea Hume, 1878 (Passeriformes, Sylviidae) during a research expedition in an area adjacent to the Surkhan State Reserve in Surkhandarya Province of Uzbekistan on 18 June 2017. In the period between 10 and 18 June 2017, we examined a total of 29 mature birds and detected a skin trematode in one individual. Th e trematode was identifi ed as C. Faba, and this was the fi rst fi nd in Uzbekistan. Th e mountain whitethroat was identifi ed as a new host of this trematode. K e y w o r d s : trematodes, Collyriclum faba, parasites, fauna, Sylvia althaea, Uzbekistan. Introduction Th e unique species Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831) has been studied since quite long ago (Cole, 1911; Riley, 1931; Riley, Kernkamp, 1924; Farner and Morgan, 1944; Buttner, 1951). Th e authors of this article recorded it in a number of Passeriformes and Galliformes species. Within CIS, Collyriclum faba was recorded in Russia — in the common chaffi nch (Fringilla coelebs), common starling (Sturnus vulgaris), and white wagtail (Motacilla alba) (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, 1953), and in Armenia in the rock bunting (Emberiza cia) (Akhumyan, 1954). Th ese data are everything that has been obtained in the territory of CIS. Recent research has considerably broadened the range of defi nitive hosts for Collyriclum faba (Canaris, 1966., Kibler, 1968; Stunkard, 1971; Blankespооr et al., 1982, 1985; Kirmse, 1987; Grove et al., 2005; Literak et al., 1997, 2003, 2006, 2011, Heneberg et al., 2011, 2013; Mete et al., 2017). Th ese trematodes have been recorded in a number of passerine species in Europe (Heneberg, Literak, 2013). Th e distribution geography of C. faba is also broadening. Currently, C. faba is recorded in wild and domestic birds in North, South and Central America, Europe and Asia. According to the authors of the abovementioned works, subcutaneous cysts concentrate in various parts of the body of an infected bird: at the base of the lower mandible, chin or throat, around the cloaca, belly or breast. Regardless of their location, trematodes Collyriclum faba in a cyst pose a serious threat to wild and domestic birds. Zoodiversity, 55(4): 339–342, 2021 DOI 10.15407/zoo2021.04.339 Parasitology 340 D. A. Azimov, F. D. Akramova, U. A. Shakarbaev, N. N. Azimov Material and methods Cysts with mature trematodes from the family Collyriclidae Ward, 1917 collected from the skin of a mountain whitethroat (Sylvia althaea) in the Surkhan State Nature Reserve in Sukhandarya Province of Uzbekistan were used as research materials. Between 10 and 18 July 2017, 29 individuals of the mountain whitethroat were caught and examined using commonly accepted parasitological methods (Skrjabin, 1928; Ginetsinskaya, 1968). One of the 29 individuals proved infected with subcutaneous cysts. Extracted cysts were put in a 70° alcohol. Trematodes from the cysts were identifi ed in the General Parasitology Laboratory, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. In total, 80 individuals of the trematode were studied. Traditional helminthological research methods were used to identify species. Results and discussion As we were studying birds in the mountainous area of the Surkhan State Reserve in Surkhandarya Province of Uzbekistan, we were attracted by an individual of the mountain whitethroat sitting on a boulder. It could not move or fl y and did not react to our approaching. We had no diffi culties to take it with the hand. Aft er a short examination we discovered numerous cysts on its skin. Th e cysts, 4–8 mm in size each, were located on the bird’s belly and back. Th ere were about 40 cysts. Th e bird died on 19 June 2017 through generalised infection with the skin trematode. Dissection of the belly skin and cloaca revealed some mature oval-shaped trematodes. Each cyst contained two mature individuals of trematode which were yellow colour. Helminthological dissection showed that the bird was extremely exhausted; the area of skin between the belly and cloaca was randomly deprived of plumage and had on it numerous individual cysts and their conglomerations which immobilised the bird’s legs. Th e integrity of the abdominal part of the body and the cloaca was completely broken. Th e oval-shaped cysts had transparent walls. Each cyst contained 2 mature individuals of the trematode C. faba, which were oval in shape. Since the mountain whitethroat — Sylvia althaea Hume, 1878 (Passeriformes, Sylvi- idae) — proved a new host for the trematode Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831), we thought it reasonable to provide an original description of this species (fi g. 1). Family Collyriclidae Ward, 1917 Genus Collyriclum Kossack, 1911 Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831) H o s t : mountain whitethroat — Sylvia althaea Hume, 1878. L o c a l i s a t i o n : skin (the parasite was enclosed in cysts). Fig. 1. A mountain whitethroat (Sylvia althaea) with cysts infected with the trematode Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831). Surkhan State Reserve, Surkhandarya Province, south of Uzbekistan, June 2017 (photo by N. N. Azimov). 341New Trematode Collyriclum faba Detected in the Birds of Uzbekistan L o c a t i o n : Uzbekistan (moun tainous area within the Surkhan State Nature Reserve, Surkhandarya Province). Species description (based on original materials, 15 individuals of the trematode). Gentle, yellowish trematodes, rounded in shape, 4.98– 5.68 mm (5.27 ± 0.07) long and 4.88–5.46 mm (5.19 ± 0.05) wide. Th e cuticle is covered in places with thin thorns. Th e dorsal surface has on it a well-developed oral sucker, 0.362–0.448 mm (0.399 ± 0.008) in diameter (fi g. 2). Th e yolk glands are composed of 6–8 follicles, arranged symmetrically in the front half of the body. Th e intestine occupies most of the body’s rear half. Th e seminal glands are oval, arranged symmetrically in the middle of the body, dorsally from the intestine’s branches. Th e heavily laciniate ovary is located in the front part of the body. Th e strongly developed womb lies in the rear part of the body and has the form of a broad sack at the end. Th e eggs are numerous, 0.0200–0.0220 mm (0.0214 ± 0.0001) long and 0.0140–0.018 mm (0.0162 ± 0.0004) wide. Th e trematode’s morphometric parameters allowed us to identify it as Collyriclum faba. Cysts and mature Collyriclum faba found in the mountain whitethroat (Sylvia althaea) and other bird species (Riley, 1931; Skrjabin, 1947; Stunkard, 1971; Blankespor et al., 1985; Kirmse, 1987; Literak et al., 2003, 2006, 2011; Mete et al., 2017) are almost identical throughout. The abovementioned slight variations may, probably, be attributed to the variability of some features depending on the host and geographical zone. Th us, the research helped identify the mountain whitethroat as a new host for the trematode C. faba, which is able to cause infection and subsequent death of heavily parasitised birds, which quite corresponds with the data published in earlier works (Cole, 1911; Riley, 1931; Riley, Kernkamp, 1924; Buttner, 1951; Grove et al., 2005; Mete et al., 2017). Th e presented material complement to a certain extent the available data on the trematode C. faba and expand its range. Th e study of this unique species, C. faba, has a long history. Although the systematic position of the family Collyriclidae has been in the focus of parasitologists for over 100 years, this problem has not yet been solved. Opinions diverge and oft en contradict each other. Th is is confi rmed by recently proposed trematode classifi cations, according to which the Collyriclidae are included in diff erent taxons (Bray et al., 2008; Taxonomy Browser, 2020). Th is situation has resulted mainly from insuffi ciency of data on the full cycle of development, the morphology and biology of parthenogenetic generations and C. faba’s morphological variability in diff erent hosts and geographic zones. Th ese and other issues together with the contradictory opinions of various specialists require further research. Fig. 2. Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831), extracted from subcutaneous cysts in an infected individual of Sylvia althaea Hume, 1878. 342 D. A. Azimov, F. D. Akramova, U. A. Shakarbaev, N. N. Azimov References Blankespoor, H. D., Wittrock, D. D., Aho, J. M., Esch, G. W. 1982. Host-parasite interface of the fl uke Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831) as revealed by light and electron microscopy. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde, 68, 191–199. Blankespoor, H. D., Esch, G. W., Johnson, W. C. 1985. Some observations on the biology of Collyriclum faba (Bremser in Schmalz, 1831). J. Parasitol, 71, 469–471. 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Received 13 February 2021 Accepted 1 July 2021 << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /None /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Error /CompatibilityLevel 1.4 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.0000 /ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 100 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness true /PreserveHalftoneInfo false /PreserveOPIComments true /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts true /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages true /ColorImageMinResolution 300 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False /CreateJDFFile false /Description << /ARA /BGR /CHS /CHT /CZE /DAN /DEU /ESP /ETI /FRA /GRE /HEB /HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke. 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