Zoodiversity_06_2021.indb UDC 595.771 NEW RECORDS OF SCIARID SPECIES (DIPTERA, SCIARIDAE) FROM UKRAINE. III A. I. Babytskiy1,2*, O. O. Bezsmertna3,4 1Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, vul. B. Khmelnytskogo, 15, Kyiv, 01030 Ukraine 2National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, vul. Heroiv Oborony, 13, Kyiv, 03041 Ukraine 3Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, vul. Volodymyrska, 60, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine 4Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, vul. Nezalezhnosti, 18, Kivertsi town, Volyn Region, 45200 Ukraine *Corresponding author E-mail: andriybabytskiy@gmail.com A. I. Babytskiy (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2758-0319) New Records of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine. III. Babytskiy, A. I., Bezsmertna, O. O. — Five species of black fungus gnats Corynoptera furcifera Mohrig & Mamaev, 1987, Cratyna (Cratyna) fulvicauda (Felt, 1898), Lycoriella lundstromi (Frey, 1948), Pseudolycoriella paludum (Frey, 1948) and Xylosciara (Xylosciara) heptacantha Tuomikoski, 1957 are recorded from Ukraine for the fi rst time. Distributions of these species are summarized and diagnoses of the species are provided. K e y w o r d s : biodiversity, black fungus gnats, distribution, Europe, morphology, Sciaroidea. Introduction Black fungus gnats are small (imago up to 8 mm in length), mainly dark coloured fl ies (Diptera) of the family Sciaridae Billberg, 1820. Sciarid larvae usually develop in rotting plant material permeated by fungal hyphae and play an important role as detritivores, facilitating the decay of wood and decaying leaf-litter, but larvae of some sciarid species also develop in fungal fruiting bodies or living plant tissues and cause signifi cant damage to cultivated fungi and crops in greenhouses (Babytskiy et al., 2019 a). Th e sciarid fauna of Ukraine remains poorly studied. Our knowledge of the species that occur in Ukraine is mainly derived from three collections: Wierzejski’s from Podolia (the second half of the 19th century) (Winnertz, 1868), Bukowski’s from Crimea (the beginning of 20th century) (Bukowski & Lengersdorf, 1936), Krivosheina and Mamaev’s from Transcarpathia (the second half of the 20th century) (Mohrig et al., 1985; 1989 a, b; 1990). According to the literature, 67 sciarid species from 17 genera have been recorded from Ukraine. Th is paper is the latest in a series to present new records of sciarids from Ukraine, based upon our collections which started in 2012 (see Babytskiy et al., 2019 b; 2020). Here we report fi ve new records of sciarid species, belonging to fi ve genera: Corynoptera Winnertz, 1867, Cratyna Winnertz, 1867, Lycoriella Frey, 1942, Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 and Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957. Zoodiversity, 55(6): 493–504, 2021 DOI 10.15407/zoo2021.06.493 494 A. I. Babytskiy, O. O. Bezsmertna Material and methods Material was collected during expeditions and excursions between 2013 and 2018. Adult males were collected with a Malaise trap, by sweep-netting, or directly from the substrate with an aspirator. Collected gnats were stored in 5 ml vials containing 70 % ethanol. During preparation in the laboratory, the specimens were dehydrated in absolute ethanol and then mounted on slides in Euparal. Th e specimens were studied with MBS-9 and Biolam D11 microscopes equipped with Nikon D90 cameras; images were processed using NKRemote Version 2.2.1, AxioVision Version 4.6.3 and Photoshop CC 2018 programs; and stacked using Helicon Focus 6.7.1 open-source soft ware. All of the material that was examined as part of this study is kept in Andriy Babytskiy’s private collection, Kyiv (PABK) and publicly available data is on the Ukrainian Biodiversity Information Network, UkrBIN (Babytskiy, 2018). Individual catalogue numbers of the vouchers in the UkrBIN are given (e. g., UkrBIN-795906). PABK collection numbers are also provided for all of the specimens (e. g., No. 210). Th e names of the morphological structures follow the handbook of Palaearctic sciarids by Menzel & Mohrig (1997). Th e nomenclature and systematics follow the revision of Palaearctic Sciaridae (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). Diagnoses of the discussed species are generally based on examined specimens from Ukraine, in consideration of the keys, original descriptions, and re-descriptions by Frey (1948), Tuomikoski (1957, 1960), Mohrig et al. (1987; 2013), Rudzinski (2000) and Menzel & Mohrig (2000). Results Corynoptera Winnertz, 1867 Corynoptera furcifera Mohrig & Mamaev, 1987 (fi gs 1–4) Synonym: vitella Rudzinski & Drissner, 1992 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96230° N, 025.83071° E, ca. 205 m a. s. l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 210, UkrBIN-795906); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Sokyrychi, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.87516° N, 25.51393° E, ca. 210 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with an admixture of pine and old larches, sweeping, 28.06.2017, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 224A, UkrBIN-795921); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Zhabka, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.81919° N, 25.43038° E, ca. 210 m a. s. l., old arboretum with domination of oak, hornbeam and pine, sweeping, 29.06.2017, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  232, UkrBIN-795929). D i s t r i b u t i o n : Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece (mainland), Russia (Central European part; Southern Siberia), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (new record), United Kingdom (Heller et al., 2009; Hippa et al., 2010; Vilkamaa, 2014; Heller & Menzel, 2017; this study). D i a g n o s i s . Males reach 2.0–2.3 mm in length. Head. Eye bridge consists of 3 rows of ommatidia (facets). Face fi ne, long with light vestiture. Maxillary palp relatively short, bright, consists of 3 palpomeres. Basal palpomere (p1) thickened and slightly raised, with an outer bristle and a fl at-edged sensory area. Sensilla long and curved. Terminal palpomere (p3) about as long as p1; p2 short and ovoid, about 2/3 as long as p3. Flagellum long, slightly roughened and brownish. Scape, pedicel and the base of the fi rst fl agellomere whitish-yellow, clearly lighter than the remaining fl agellomeres; the 4th fl agellomere is 2.2–3.0 times as long as wide (the fl agellomeres that follow are a bit longer), with coarse and protruding vestiture, setae about as long as the fl agellomere width (fi g. 3). Neck part of fl agellomeres short, brown and sharply separated. Body with sparse, long and dark brown vestiture. Th orax and abdomen yellowish- brown, gonocoxae and legs light yellow. Postpronotum bare. Mesonotum yellow, with some coarse and brownish setae, long lateral and central bristles. Scutellum with 2 conspicuously long and robust bristles. Katepisternum high and triangular. Fore tibia with spines among basal bristles. Wing wide, membrane brownish, with well-developed anal lobe; posterior wing veins indistinct and like the wing membrane without macrotrichia; stM a little longer than M-fork; M-fork broad, short-arched and wide open; c/w = 0.6–0.8; y longer than x or x = 1.0–1.4 y, both naked, stCuA very short, makes 1/3– 1/2 x, R1 = R or R1 shorter, makes 2/3 R and falls into C in front of the base of M-fork; R5 long, with dorsal and ventral macrotrichia. Haltere short and brownish. Legs long and slim, light-coloured. Femur of forelegs (f1) not 495New Records of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine. III noticeably thickened. Fore tibial organ (t1) with fi ne and dense irregular bristle spot with no curved border (fi g. 4). Tibial end of t2 and t3 both with 2 slim and equally long spurs. Tarsal claws without teeth. Abdomen with sparse light brown vestiture. Hypopygium about as long as wide, light brown to yellowish (fi g. 1). Gonocoxites strong and compact, inside with short and fi ne setae; ventral genital base without basal lobe or basal group of bristles. Gonostylus long and ovoid (about 2.0 times as long as wide), without cavities or deep margins inside. Th e tip of the gonostylus narrowed, broadly rounded on the outside and without an apical tooth, upper quarter of gonostylus with 3 or 4 subapical, hyaline fi nger-shaped megasetae and light bristles; all megasetae about equal in length and turn inwards and downwards (fi g. 2). Hippa, Vilkamaa & Heller indicated the presence of a little beak-like apical tooth on the gonostylus, but it is very hard to fi nd it among the megasetae in ventral view (Hippa et al., 2010). Tegmen clearly wider than long, membranous, and broadly rounded apically. Th e fi eld of teeth about as long as wide, with each tooth short and terminating in a single-point. Aedeagus short and fi ne (Mohrig et al., 1987; Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). Corynoptera Winnertz, 1867 is one of the most speciose genera in the family Sciaridae, containing approximately 250 species (Pape & Th ompson, 2019). However, the systematic position of species within the genus is not yet resolved. In this paper, we follow Menzel & Mohrig’s (2000) concept of Corynoptera s. l., which includes 16 species groups. Corynoptera furcifera belongs to the C. boletiphaga group with 14 species, which diff er from other Corynoptera by having tibial organ t1 without a comb-like row of bristles and a curved margin, but instead with a patch of bristles at the apex; gonostylus without an apical tooth; ventral base of hypopygium with a wide emargination, and a membranous tegmen (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). Also C. furcifera is similar to C. arboris Fritz, 1982 and C. saccata Tuomikoski, 1960, but diff ers by having a yellow antennal scapus and pedicellus, paler than the fl agellum (Hippa et al., 2010). M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e . Males reach 1.5 mm in length; the wing is 1.7–1.8 mm long and 0.6–0.7 mm wide; x and y both bare. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/ length of wing = 0.38–0.40; stM/M-fork = 1.05–1.19; R1/R = 0.69–0.84; x/y = 0.61–1.42; stCuA/x = 0.28–0.48; c/w = 0.71–0.72. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 1.21–1.46, leg Figs 1–4. Corynoptera furcifera, male: 1 — hypopygium, ventral view; 2 — gonostylus, ventral view; 3 — fourth fl agellomere, lateral view; 4 — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm. 496 A. I. Babytskiy, O. O. Bezsmertna 2 = 1.48–1.99; leg 3 = 1.28–2.03. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.47–0.50, leg 2 = 0.42–0.44, leg 3 = 0.43–0.45. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 1.25–1.31. In the previous C. furcifera descriptions there are some discrepencies in relation to wing venation measurements. On one hand, Mohrig et al., 1987 stated that y is longer than x, but Menzel & Mohrig (2000) indicated x = 1.0–1.4 y. In the studied specimens we have found both variants: the specimens No. 210 and 224A has x shorter than y and x/y = 0.61–0.71, but in the specimen No. 232 x is longer than y and x/y = 1.25–1.42. On the other hand, R1 is specifi ed as equal to R (Mohrig et al., 1987) or shorter, at 2/3 R (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). In the studied specimens R1 is shorter than R and R1/R = 0.69–0.84. Th e number of gonostylar megasetae diff ers in previous descriptions too: 3 (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000) or 4 (Mohrig et al., 1987). In the studied specimens we found 3 megasetae–the upper one is a bit thinner than the 2 lowers (fi g. 2). Genus Cratyna Winnertz, 1867 Subgenus Cratyna Winnertz, 1867 s. str. Cratyna (Cratyna) fulvicauda (Felt, 1897) (fi gs 5–8) Synonym: gilva Rudzinski, 2000 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . Ukraine, Cherkasy Region: Kaniv Nature Reserve, 49.72672° N, 31.51717° E, ca. 180 m a. s. l., maple-hornbeam forest, mass development, collected with aspirator from rotten wood, 01.07.2016, 24 {, 4 } (A. Babytskiy) (No.148-9, UkrBIN-795849-50); Ukraine, Cherkasy Region: Yablunivka and Samoridnia, 49.43762° N, 31.18949° E, ca. 160 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, mass development, collected with aspirator from the trunk of Khmelnytskii’s Oak, 02.07.2016, 15 {, 9 } (A. Babytskiy) (No. 61, 150, UkrBIN-795786, 795851); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: outskirts of Bilohorodka, 50.42609° N, 30.23636° E, ca. 150 m a. s. l., maple-linden-oak forest, collected with aspirator from dead fruit body of Fomes fomentarius (L.) J. J. Kickx, 1867 which laid on the forest road, 16.07.2016, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 99, UkrBIN-795814); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Kasperivtsi, Dniester Canyon National Nature Park, the left bank of Kasperivtsi Reservoir on Seret River, 48.67661° N, 25.85291° E, ca. 200 m a. s. l., coastal hornbeam forest on the steep slope, near the spring, sweeping, 22.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 658); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Kasperivtsi, Dniester Canyon National Nature Park, the left bank of Kasperivtsi Reservoir on Seret River, 48.68012° N, 25.85049° E, ca. 190 m a. s. l., coastal hornbeam forest on the steep slope, outcrop of siliceous rocks, sweeping, 22.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 660); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Kasperivtsi, Dniester Canyon National Nature Park, the left bank of Kasperivtsi Reservoir on Seret River, 48.67120° N, 25.85270° E, ca. 170 m a. s. l., meadowy wood glade on the edge of forest tract, collected with aspirator in the car, 23.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 664). D i s t r i b u t i o n : Czech Republic, Germany, Greece (mainland), Ukraine (new record), USA (New Jersey) (Mohrig et al., 2013; Heller & Menzel, 2017; this study). D i a g n o s i s . Males reach 2.5–3.5 mm in length. Head. Compound eyes very sparsely haired. Eye bridge wide, consisting of 5 rows of ommatidia. Prefrons with 8 short bristles. Clypeus bare. Maxillary palps light, white-brownish, consisting of 3 palpomeres (fi g. 7); p1 thickened, ca. 120 μm in length, dorsally with extensive sensory area, 1 long and 46 short bristles; p2 small and rounded, ca. 60 μm in length, with 12 long and 45 short bristles; p3 short oval, ca. 40 μm in length. Scapus and pedicel light yellow, sharply contrasting with colour of fl agellomeres. Flagellomeres dark brown with light, dense and protruding setae. Length/width of the 4th fl agellomere 1.7 (fi g. 8). Th e neck of fl agellomere dark brown, relatively short — 0.3 of fl agellomere width. Th orax primarily brown, with yellow sides and katepisternum. Mesonotum with strong dark brown bristles. Dorsocentral and acrostichal bristles strong; 6–8 long lateral bristles. Scutellum with 6–8 long apical and several short distal bristles. Postpronotum bare. Wing 2.0 mm in length, with brownish membrane; anal lobe well developed; c/w = 0.80; R and R1 with macrotrichia (14–16 in total), R1/R = 1.10, R1 falls into C before the base of M-fork; x and y about equal in length, x with 2–3 macrotrichia, y bare; stCuA short, makes half of x. Haltere brown. Coxae and legs light, yellow-brownish; bristles on coxae dark brown. Tibial organ t1 with 1 spur and dense, multi-row bristle patch, proximally pyramid shaped, which is diff erent from the tibial vestiture with stronger and darker bristles on the edge of the patch (fi g. 6); t2 and t3 both with 2 spurs; t3 with well-developed dorsal row of spines. Abdomen brown with dense dark brown bristles. 497New Records of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine. III IX tergite narrow pyramidal shaped. Hypopygium very bright, brownish-yellow, clearly brighter than abdomen (fi g. 5). Gonocoxae almost twice as wide as long, with thick bristles on the ventral base. Tegmen relatively small, trapezoidal. Aedeagus very short. Gonostylus bloated, apically slightly tapered with long bristles. Th ere are 4 bright pairs of megasetae on the inner side of the gonostylus (Rudzinski, 2000; Mohrig et al., 2013). Cratyna Winnertz, 1867 s. l. separates from other Sciaridae by having short palps with a strong tendency to reduction of the palpomeres, especially p2, which is sometimes wartlike in form. According to Menzel & Mohrig (2000), Cratyna is divided into 4 subgenera — Cratyna Winnertz, 1867 s. str., Spathobdella Frey, 1948, Peyerimhoffi a Kieff er, 1903 and Diversicratyna Menzel & Mohrig, 1998, but some authors consider Peyerimhoffi a to be a separate genus (Vilkamaa & Hippa, 2005; Babytskiy et al., 2018). Cratyna fulvicauda belongs to the subgenus Cratyna s. str., which includes about 30 species in the Palaearctic and diff ers from other subgenera by the absence of an apical tooth on the gonostylus. Cratyna fulvicauda is similar to Cr. ambigua (Lengersdorf, 1934), Cr. subalpina (Mohrig & Mamaev, 1990) and Cr. alpina (Mohrig & Menzel, 1992), but can be easily separated by the structure of the gonostylus, yellow sides of the thorax and bright gonocoxae (Rudzinski, 2000; Mohrig et al., 2013). According to Mohrig et al. (2013), Cr. fulvicauda was not collected in Central Europe before 1989 and they suggested that the species may have been introduced from North America, where it has been known for at least a century. In Ukraine we have found Cr. fulvicauda inhabiting natural biotopes such as the broadleaf forests of the Kaniv Nature Reserve and Dniester Canyon National Nature Park (see material examined). In early July 2016, we recorded the mass development and swarming of Cr. fulvicauda imagoes in Cherkasy Region. In the 1st of July we observed the mass fl ight of imagoes above a rotten hornbeam trunk in the maple-hornbeam forest in Kaniv Nature Reserve and in the 2nd of July we recorded the same phenomenon in the oak-hornbeam forest above an ancient (ca. 800 years old) very rotten oak tree, the so-called “Khmelnytskii’s Oak” (now completely lost). In both cases male and female imagoes copulated immediately aft er eclosion, when they were still in a teneral state and completely white in color. Figs 5–8. Cratyna fulvicauda, male: 5 — hypopygium, ventral view; 6 — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view; 7 — maxillary palp, lateral view; 8 — fourth fl agellomere, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm. 498 A. I. Babytskiy, O. O. Bezsmertna M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e . Males reach 4.0 mm in length, with a wing measuring 2.5– 2.7 mm long and 1.0–1.1 mm wide; x bare, y with 5–7 macrotrichia. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/length of wing = 0.39–0.44; stM/M-fork = 0.83–1.05; R1/R = 1.20– 1.44; x/y = 0.74–1.10; stCuA/x = 0.36–0.63; c/w = 0.76–0.83. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 1.05–1.36, leg 2 = 1.61–2.17; leg 3 = 1.63–2.00. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.54–0.58, leg 2 = 0.47–0.49, leg 3 = 0.43–0.49. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 1.21–1.36. Genus Lycoriella Frey, 1942 Lycoriella lundstromi (Frey, 1948) (fi gs 9–13) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96447° N, 25.77727° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of Betula pendula Roth. and three trees of Betula obscura А. Kotula, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 2 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 201-2, Ukr- BIN-795898-9); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96230° N, 25.83071° E, ca. 205 m a. s . l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 3 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  209, 211, 213, UkrBIN-795905, 795907, 795909); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: Nastasiv, 49.41884° N, 25.51873° E, ca. 325 m a. s. l., bank of artifi cial pond near the vegetable gardens, sweeping above coastal shrubs and weeds, 19.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 632); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Myshko- vytska Dacha” tract, 49.40665° N, 25.61123° E, ca. 340 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest near the country side, sweeping, 20.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 634). D i s t r i b u t i o n : Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France (mainland), Germany, Hungary, Italy (mainland), Luxembourg, Romania, Russia (Southern and Western Siberia), Slovakia, Spain (mainland), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (new record), United Kingdom (Gerbachevskaja-Pavluchenko, 1986; Mohrig et al., 2001 [as L. subterranea]; Menzel, 1998; Komarov, 2011; Heller & Weber, 2013; Heller & Menzel, 2017; Kolcsár & Heller, 2019; Menzel et al., 2020; this study). D i a g n o s i s . Males reach 1.5–1.7 mm in length. Head. Compound eyes sparsely haired or almost bare. Eye bridge consists of 2–4 (2 in Menzel & Mohrig, 2000, 3 in Tuomikoski, 1960 and 4 in Frey, 1948) rows of ommatidia. Maxillary palps yellowish, 3 segmented, basal palpomere with brown sensory pit (fi g. 13). Flagellum of male imago is slim, 1.45 mm in length, Figs 9–13. Lycoriella lundstromi, male: 9  — hypopygium, ventral view; 10  — gonostylus, ventral view; 11  — fourth fl agellomere, lateral view; 12  — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view; 13  — maxillary palp, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm. 499New Records of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine. III middle fl agellomeres about three times as long as wide. Th e base of the fi rst fl agellomere is yellow. Flagellomeres with protruding hairy setae, also the clearly recognizable blunt-tipped sensilla present, they are not much shorter than the ordinary setae. Th e 4th fl agellomere is 2.5 times as long as wide, the neck 1/6 of fl agellomere body length (fi g. 11). Body dark with light bristles. Notum with short yellow bristles. Wing wide, 2.5–2.6 times as long as wide, wing length = 1.5–1.9 mm, wing width = 0.7 mm; c slightly longer than 2/3 w; Sc makes a half of R length; R/R1 = 1.3; R1 falls into C well before the base of M-fork; x = 1.3–2.0 y, both bare; M-fork as long as the stM; stCuA is about 1/2 x; CuA1 and CuA2 clearly bent down apically. Haltere with a light stem and dark knob. Legs yellow. Tarsus from the distal half of the metatarsus is dark. Tibial organ of t1 with patch of bristles and indistinct arcuate emargination (fi g. 12). Spurs in t2 and t3 short. Hindleg = 0.6 mm; hindtibia = 0.8 mm; hindmetatarsus = 0.3 mm; hindtarsus = 0.7 mm. Hypopygium without basal lobe (fi g. 9). Th e ventral base of gonocoxae with only scattered setae. Gonostylus long and narrow, almost awl-shaped (fi g. 10); inner side of the gonostylus with a pair of megasetae in the middle, near the ventral margin and whiplash seta on the basal part (Frey, 1948; Tuomikoski, 1960). Lycoriella Frey, 1942 s. l. according to Menzel & Mohrig (2000) included 3 subgenera: Lycoriella Frey, 1942 s. str., Hemineurina Frey, 1942 and Coelostylina Tuomikoski, 1960. Later, the preoccupied name Coelostylina Tuomikoski was replaced by Stenacanthella Vilkamaa & Menzel, the former subgenera Hemineurina and Stenacanthella (= Coelostylina) were elevated to genera, and the genus Trichocoelina Vilkamaa & Menzel was established for the members of the Hemineurina species group of L. vitticollis (Vilkamaa & Menzel, 2019). Lycoriella s. str. includes 34 species in the Palaearctic which diff er from related genera and subgenera by the presence of a dark, deep sensory area on the basal palpomere, absence of spines on t1, narrow and strongly tapered at apex gonostyles, and the presence of an ascending whiplash seta on the basal part of the gonostyles (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). Lycoriella lundstromi diff ers from related species by lacking a basal lobe on the ventral base of the gonocoxae, and having shorter fl agellomeres with a combination of long, curved sensilla and long hairs that stick out clearly. Lycoriella lundstromi is similar to L. subterranea (Märkel, 1844), but L. lundstromi can be distinguished by the position of lower megasetae on the gonostylus, which are close together and cross over each other, as in fi gure 9 (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e . Males reach 1.5–2.0 mm in length, wing is 1.5–1.9 mm long and 0.6–0.8 mm wide; x and y both bare. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/ length of wing = 0.39–0.43; stM/M-fork = 0.92–1.03; R1/R = 0.59–0.72; x/y = 0.94–1.74; stCuA/x = 0.31–0.81; c/w = 0.65–0.72. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 0.87–1.13, leg 2 = 0.88–1.40; leg 3 = 1.05–1.32. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.47–0.54, leg 2 = 0.41–0.45, leg 3 = 0.41–0.45. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 1.06–1.26. Th e eye bridge of our specimens consists of three rows of ommatidia. Th e ommatidia of the upper row are not as close to each other as the ommatidia of the two lower rows, giving the impression that there are only two rows. Genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 Pseudolycoriella paludum (Frey, 1948) (fi gs 14–18) Synonyms: leucocera (Mohrig & Menzel, 1990); polliciformis (Freeman, 1990) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . Ukraine, Ternopil Region: between Luchka and Volia, “Zapust” tract, 49.40572° N, 25.61362° E, ca. 340 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, wet ravine overgrown by hornbeam, sweeping on the edge of ravine, 03.07.2015, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 50); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96483° N, 25.77776° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of birch, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 196, UkrBIN-795893); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96447° N, 25.77727° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of Betula pendula Roth. and three trees of Betula obscura А. Kotula, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 5 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  197, 199, 203-4, UkrBIN-795894, 795896, 795900-01); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96522° N, 25.77657° E, ca. 215 m a. s. l., hornbeam-birch forest with overgrowth of Vinca minor L., sweeping, 27.06.2017, 2 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 205, 500 A. I. Babytskiy, O. O. Bezsmertna UkrBIN-795902); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Klubochyn, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.96230° N, 25.83071° E, ca. 205 m a. s. l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping, 27.06.2017, 2 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  208, 214, UkrBIN-795904, 795910); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Sokyrychi, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, 50.87516° N, 25.51393° E, ca. 210 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of pines and old larches, sweeping, 28.06.2017, 5 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  221-2, 226, UkrBIN-795917-8, 795923); Ukraine, Volyn Region: between Berestiane and Kholonevychi, Tsumanska Puscha National Nature Park, “Piilo” tract, 50.99890° N, 25.93088° E, ca. 175 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of aspen, sweeping, 28.06.2017, 8 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 227-8, UkrBIN-795924-5); Ukraine, Volyn Region: outskirts of Turiisk, 51.06977° N, 24.54502° E, ca. 180 m a. s. l., broadleaved hornbeam forest with admixture of ash, larch and oak, sweeping, 05.07.2017, 2 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  301-2); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37381° N, 30.50764° E, ca. 160 m a. s. l., broadleaved maple-hornbeam forest, sweeping above the rotten trunk, 15.06.2017, 31 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 322-332, 334-344, 346-354); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37384° N, 30.50781° E, ca. 170 m a. s. l., broadleaved maple-hornbeam forest, sweeping above grass, 15.06.2017, 29 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 356-384); Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37382°N, 30.50782°E, ca. 170 m a. s. l., broadleaved maple-hornbeam forest, sweeping above rotten birch trunk and nearest grass, 15.06.2017, 15 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  385-399); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40420° N, 25.61105° E, ca. 325 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, western edge of the tract, sweeping above the litter and rotten woods, 18.06.2018, 3 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 566-7, 569); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40447° N, 25.61140° E, ca. 330 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping above the litter, 18.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 571); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40451° N, 25.61254° E, ca. 340 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping above the litter without grass, 18.06.2018, 5 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 581-2, 588, 592, 597); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, near “Zorepad” camp, 49.33839° N, 25.63538° E, ca. 355 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest, sweeping, 19.06.2018, 3 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 612-3, 616); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, near “Zorepad” camp, 49.33638° N, 25.63387° E, ca. 370 m a. s. l., hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping above litter and rotten trunks and stumps overgrown by mosses, 19.06.2018, 7 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 623, 625-6, 628-31); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40443° N, 25.61215° E, ca. 335 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping, 27.06.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 688); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Luchka, “Zapust” tract, 49.40638° N, 25.61746° E, ca. 350 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, wet ravine–old channel of spring, sweeping above thick vegetation of Aegopodium podagraria L., 27.06.2018, 2 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 690-1); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Druzhba, 49.34654° N, 25.66220° E, ca. 370 m a. s. l., hornbeam forest with admixture of birch and merry, sweeping, 28.06.2018, 3 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  695, 697-8); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, 49.34376° N, 25.62999° E, ca. 410 m a. s. l., Figs 14–18. Pseudolycoriella paludum, male: 14  — hypopygium, ventral view; 15  — gonostylus, medial view; 16 — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view; 17 — maxillary palp, lateral view; 18 — fourth fl agellomere, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm. 501New Records of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine. III hornbeam-oak forest, sweeping along forest road, 30.06.2018, 3 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 701, 710, 725); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Strusiv, 49.33495° N, 25.63931° E, ca. 380 m a. s. l., young birch-hornbeam- oak forest, sweeping, 30.06.2018, 2 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  741, 744); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Hrabyna” tract, 49.38887° N, 25.62857° E, ca. 375 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping, 02.07.2018, 14 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 750-6, 758-61, 764, 767, 769); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Hrabyna” tract, 49.38776° N, 25.62919° E, ca. 360 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, southern edge of the tract, sweeping on ecotone, 02.07.2018, 13 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 772-3, 776, 779-84, 786-90); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Hrabyna” tract, 49.38776° N, 25.62919° E, ca. 360 m a. s. l., light and wet northern edge of the oak- hornbeam forest dominated by hornbeam and pine and admixture of Acer platanoides L., sweeping above thick vegetation, 02.07.2018, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  792); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Volia, “Zapust” tract, 49.40038° N, 25.62152° E, ca. 350 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest, sweeping along forest road on the edge of the tract, 02.07.2018, 6 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 794, 800, 803-4, 817, 820). D i s t r i b u t i o n : Czech Republic, Finland, France (Corsica), Germany, Greece (mainland), Norway, Romania, Russia (North European part), Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (new record); United Kingdom (Heller & Menzel, 2017; Kolcsár & Heller, 2019; Menzel et al., 2020; this study). D i a g n o s i s . Dark brown species. Head. Compound eyes long haired. Eye bridge consists of 2–3 rows of ommatidia. Clypeus with 3–4 short setae. Maxillary palps darkened, consist of three palpomeres, all of them are about the same length, only p2 is slightly shorter — about twice as long as thick. Basal palpomere without sensory pit and with 2–3 setae (fi g. 17). Scape and pedicel of antenna (also sometimes the basal part of the 1st fl agellomere) yellow, contrasting in color with the remaining fl agellomeres. Flagellum slim, 1.3 mm in length; the 4th fl agellomere 2.5 times as long as wide, with a neck 1/5 of the body length (fi g. 18). Th orax dark brown. Notum weakly sclerotized, covered with sparce short setae. Scutellum with 2 longer setae and 3 shorter setae on both sides. Wing brownish with dark veins, 1.8 mm in length, 0.7 mm in width, 2.6–2.8 times as long as wide; c = 2/3 w; R/R1 = 1.5; R1 with 4–6 macrotrichia, falls into C opposite the end of CuA2 and well before the base of stM; R5 barely curved, ventrally bare, ends a little before the end of M2; x = y, both bare; stM longer than M1, easily recognizable in the specimen; M-fork quite broad, 2.7 times as long as wide in the middle; M1 sharply bent, so the whole fork appears to be bent down and the cell above it is greatly expanded apically; stCuA1 long — as long or almost as long as x; CuA1 and CuA2 curved. Haltere dark with a light stem and about 8 dorsal short setae. Legs weak, brownish- yellow; coxae not shortened, brownish. Tibial organ t1 with irregular row of bristles with curved margin at apex (fi g. 16). Hindleg = 0.63 mm; hindtibia = 0.86 mm; hindmetatarsus = 0.37 mm; hindtarsus = 0.75 mm. Hypopigium. Ventral base of genitalia without central basal lobe, only with scattered setae. Gonocoxae well developed, longer than gonostyles, covered with long and thin setae (fi g. 14). Gonostyles narrow and attenuated, apex widely rounded with dense, fur-like setae and apical whiplash seta. Apex of gonostyles with only spines among dense bristles, without tooth (fi g. 15). Apex of tegmen widely rounded, without fi nger-like central process (Tuomikoski, 1960; Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 includes about 30 species in the Palaearctic, divided into 3 groups – the P. bruckii Group, the P. morenae Group and the P. horribilis Group (Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). A specifi c characteristic of the genus Pseudolycoriella is the presence of a whiplash seta on the gonostylus, but in contrast to Lycoriella, the whiplash seta of Pseudolycoriella is usually located apically and directed downward. Pseudolycoriella paludum belongs to the richest P. bruckii Group and diff ers from related species by having yellow basal antennal segments — scapus, pedicel and sometimes part of the 1st fl agellomere. M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e . Th e body length of studied male imagoes reach 2.2–2.3 mm, wing is 1.8–2.3 mm long and 0.8–0.9 mm wide; x and y both bare or y with 1–3 macrotrichia. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/length of wing = 0.39–0.45; stM/M-fork = 0.86–0.99; R1/R = 0.45–0.72; x/y = 0.82–1.63; stCuA/x = 0.63–1.03; c/w = 0.63–0.70. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 1.02–1.43, leg 2 = 1.17–1.52; leg 3 = 0.90–1.44. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.45–0.58, leg 2 = 0.40–0.52, leg 3 = 0.40–0.51. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 1.08–1.43. 502 A. I. Babytskiy, O. O. Bezsmertna Genus Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 Subgenus Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 s. str. Xylosciara (Xylosciara) heptacantha Tuomikoski, 1957 (fi gs 19–23) M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d . Ukraine, Kyiv Region: Kyiv City, Holosiivskyi National Nature Park, 50.37199° N, 30.50525° E, ca. 180 m a. s. l., oak-hornbeam forest with admixture of maple, sweeping above rotten trunk, 10.06.2015, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No.  40); Ukraine, Ternopil Region: outskirts of Stinka, Dniester Canyon National Nature Park, 48.91482° N, 25.23508° E, ca. 200 m a. s. l., left bank of Seret River, coastal beech- hornbeam forest, sweeping, 09.08.2016, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 74); Ukraine, Ivano-Frankivsk Region: between Nezvysko and Luka, 48.78303° N, 25.25203° E, ca. 200 m a. s. l., right bank of Seret River, coastal beech forest, sweeping around spring, 10.08.2016, 1 { (A. Babytskiy) (No. 57). D i s t r i b u t i o n : Austria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Norway, Russia (Southern Siberia; Far East: Kuril Islands), Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Th e Netherlands, Ukraine (new record), United Kingdom (Gerbachevskaja- Pavluchenko, 1986; Menzel et al., 2006; Heller, 2011 (in part); Komarov, 2011; Heller & Weber, 2013; Heller & Menzel, 2017; Menzel et al., 2020; this study). D i a g n o s i s . Dark brown species. Head capsule is rounded-ovoid. Maxillary palps short and swollen, yellow, consisting of two palpomeres. Basal palpomere short and club-like, with a fi eld of sensilla and 3 setae (fi g. 21). Antennae brown; fl agellomeres with protruding bristles, as long as the fl agellomere width; the 4th fl agellomere 2 times as long as wide, neck 1/4 of the body length (fi g. 22). Th orax brown. Katepisternum large, fl at and wedge shaped, pointing backwards. Mesonotum and scutellum very fl at and attenuated. Abdomen long and attenuated, accounting for most of the body length. Wing 2.3 mm long, with a large anal area. M-fork long and curved, approximately the same length as stM. R1 clearly shorter than R, y in some specimens is very short, doesn`t exceed half-length of x; stCuA sometimes indistinct. Haltere light brown, concolorous with abdomen; with long stem. Legs slender and attenuated, paler than body and thorax, brownish-yellow. Spurs short, shorter than tibial width. Tibial organ t1 with sparse bristles, not arranged in a row or patch (fi g. 23). Hypopigium wider than long, the base of gonocoxae without diff erentiation or bristle group (fi g. 19). Gonostylus oval, with a whiplash seta and 5–7 strong spines on Figs 19–23. Xylosciara heptacantha, male: 19 — hypopygium, ventral view; 20 — gonostylus, ventral view; 21 — maxillary palp, lateral view; 22  — fourth fl agellomere, lateral view; 23  — anterior apex of fore tibia (t1) with tibial organ, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.10 mm. 503New Records of Sciarid Species (Diptera, Sciaridae) from Ukraine. III raised sockets — 4–6 apical and 1 mesial, located clearly far from the other (fi g. 20). Apex of tegmen with short central bridge, genital apodeme short (Tuomikoski, 1957, 1960; Gerbachevskaja, 1969; Menzel & Mohrig, 2000). Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 s. l. is divided into 2 subgenera — Protoxylosciara Tuomikoski, 1960 with only 2 species and Xylosciara Tuomikoski, 1957 s. str., which includes about 20 mainly xylophilic species in the Palaearctic. From related species, X. heptacantha can be distinguished by the large mesial megaseta lying isolated more basally than the other megasetae on the gonostylus. Xylosciara heptacantha is similar to X. acanthaformis Mohrig & Mamaev, 1983, but the latter species has a more attenuated gonostylus and a larger number of aedeagal teeth on the tegmen — ca. 50, compared with 30 in X. heptacantha (Hippa & Vilkamaa, 2004). M o r p h o l o g i c a l n o t e . Th e body length of studied male imagoes reach 1.8–2.0 mm, wing is 1.1–1.4 mm long and 0.5 mm wide; x and y both bare. Biometric indexes of studied specimens: width/length of wing = 0.37–0.44; stM/M-fork = 0.92–1.10; R1/R = 0.53–0.68; x/y = 1.12–2.81; stCuA/x = 0.32–0.46; c/w = 0.60–0.72. Length of spur/width of tibia: leg 1 = 0.75–0.99, leg 2 = 0.61–0.86; leg 3 = 0.56–0.90. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: leg 1 = 0.43–0.48, leg 2 = 0.39–0.40, leg 3 = 0.33–0.37. Length of tibia 3/length of thorax is 0.77–0.97. We consider it our pleasant obligation to express sincere gratitude to our colleagues and friends, who supported our work, among them, Valery Korneyev (I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine) for his ongoing help, scientifi c guidance and valuable advice, and Frank Menzel (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany) for his kind help in identifi cation of the specimens. Special thanks are due to Igor S. 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