# bib

id: cord-258150-ezatw341
author: Vilakati, Phesheya Ndumiso
title: The neglected role of Faith-based Organizations in prevention and control of COVID-19 in Africa
date: 2020-08-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1295
sentence: 40
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt
txt: txt/cord-258150-ezatw341.txt
summary:
  In Africa, faith-based organizations (FBOs)-the values of which are based on religious and faith beliefs-which manage a vast number of health facilities in many low-income countries (for instance, approximately 40% of total health services and more than 1000 hospitals are managed by Catholic FBOs in Africa), 3-6 play an essential role in providing healthcare and prevention services, community education, and financing. Despite efforts of African Governments to promptly establish mitigating measures, rural areas, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, risk being neglected.


id: cord-024081-19wk56an
author: Kalla, Ismail S.
title: COVID-19: The Concept of Herd Immunity – Is It A Strategy for South Africa?
date: 2020-04-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1761
sentence: 69
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt
txt: txt/cord-024081-19wk56an.txt
summary:
  This phased approach may also help us to mitigate against the potential of the 're-emergence phenomenon', where there is a sudden spike in the incidence of new COVID-19 cases (Figure 1).(13,14) Furthermore, in a study of 44,672 confirmed COVID-19 cases of adults and children from China, South Korea, Italy and Spain (as on 11 February 2020), a total of 965 (2.2%) deaths were recoded, with only 1 death in the 10-19-year age group and no deaths in the 0-9-year age group.(9,10)


id: cord-003657-asclastg
author: Kenmoe, Sebastien
date: 2019-05-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2032
sentence: 103
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-003657-asclastg.txt
txt: txt/cord-003657-asclastg.txt
title:
  Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in people with acute respiratory tract infections in Africa: the VARIAFRICA systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

summary:
  CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in healthcare: centers for reviews and dissemination Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement Meta-analysis of prevalence Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test The combination of estimates from different experiments This protocol has been reported following the recommendations for preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses for protocol (Additional file 1: Table S1 )


id: cord-001401-f29y8vh5
author: Nelson, Martha I.
title: Multiyear Persistence of 2 Pandemic A/H1N1 Influenza Virus Lineages in West Africa
date: 2014-07-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2514
sentence: 93
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-001401-f29y8vh5.txt
txt: txt/cord-001401-f29y8vh5.txt
summary:
  key: cord-001401-f29y8vh5 authors: Nelson, Martha I.; Njouom, Richard; Viboud, Cecile; Niang, Mbayame N. D.; Kadjo, Hervé; Ampofo, William; Adebayo, Adedeji; Tarnagda, Zekiba; Miller, Mark A.; Holmes, Edward C.; Diop, Ousmane M. title: Multiyear Persistence of 2 Pandemic A/H1N1 Influenza Virus Lineages in West Africa date: 2014-07-01 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu047 sha: doc_id: 1401 cord_uid: f29y8vh5 Our understanding of the global ecology of influenza viruses is impeded by historically low levels of viral surveillance in Africa. Our understanding of the global ecology of influenza viruses is impeded by historically low levels of viral surveillance in Africa.


id: cord-258669-ubw6mdzi
author: Colebunders, Robert
date: 2020-08-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2517
sentence: 74
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt
txt: txt/cord-258669-ubw6mdzi.txt
title:
  A call for strengthened evidence on targeted, non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 for the protection of vulnerable individuals in sub-Saharan Africa

summary:
  We suggest investigating the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of distributing COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease. One strategy could be to distribute COVID-19 prevention kits to households with persons at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease.


id: cord-350456-lter7hy2
author: Lewis, Shantel
title: Diagnostic radiographers’ experience of COVID-19, gauteng south africa
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2820
sentence: 148
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt
txt: txt/cord-350456-lter7hy2.txt
summary:
  The study information letter outlined the purpose of the study as well as provided the opportunity for radiographers to express their experiences of COVID-19 without The demographic data of participants is presented in Radiographers' responses to the question How has your experience been during COVID-19? were read and reread to obtain a general sense of the data. Diagnostic radiographers in Gauteng providing chest CT, chest radiograph and MRI services are frontline workers experiencing these unprecedented times.


id: cord-266415-8w5elfro
author: Tambo, Ernest
date: 2014-08-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2999
sentence: 91
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-266415-8w5elfro.txt
txt: txt/cord-266415-8w5elfro.txt
title:
  Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countries

summary:
  For the purposes of this paper, five have been identified: (i) the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa; (ii) the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic, anxiety, psychosocial trauma, isolation and dignity impounding, stigmatisation, community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences; (iii) limited financial resources, human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses, practices and management; (iv) inadequate leadership and coordination; and (v) the lack of development of new strategies, tools and approaches, such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing, controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease. Therefore, the following actions are recommended: (i) national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings, as well as critical human resources development, must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses; (ii) harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding, collaboration, communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses, as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges; (iii) more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines; and (iv) understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning, as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions.


id: cord-017667-6k4vw25d
author: Georgiev, Vassil St.
title: NIAID International Research Programs: Global Impact
date: 2009
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3104
sentence: 141
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-017667-6k4vw25d.txt
txt: txt/cord-017667-6k4vw25d.txt
summary:
  Neglected diseases such as filariasis and schistosomiasis are receiving renewed attention, with NIAID projects in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa. Kenya is a major site of NIAID funding, with 29 recently funded activities.


id: cord-076081-ue9azoyf
author: Hardon, Anita
date: 2008-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3403
sentence: 140
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-076081-ue9azoyf.txt
txt: txt/cord-076081-ue9azoyf.txt
title:
  Alternative medicines for AIDS in resource-poor settings: Insights from exploratory anthropological studies in Asia and Africa

summary:
  They do so for economic reasons: alternative medicines are big business, but they also do so for ideological reasons: neo-traditional medicines reflect an attractive hybrid of modernity and national heritage, providing a sense of national identity in the globalized health economy [10] . [6] presented findings on the supply of what they label neo-traditional medicines to refer to the boundary-crossing nature of these treatments in West Africa.


id: cord-007701-23847ggw
author: Lane, J. M.
title: Mass Vaccination and Surveillance/Containment in the Eradication of Smallpox
date: 2006
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3784
sentence: 158
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-007701-23847ggw.txt
txt: txt/cord-007701-23847ggw.txt
summary:
  A study of a village outbreak Assessment of vaccination coverage, vaccination scar rates, and smallpox scarring in five areas of West Africa A study of intrafamilial transmission of smallpox Control of yaws and other endemic trepanematoses: implementation of vertical and/or integrated programs Smallpox in Sierra Leona II: the 1968-69 eradication program The persistence of smallpox in remote unvaccinated villages during eradication programme activities Emergency repose to a smallpox attack: The case of mass vaccination Induction of human T cell-mediated immune responses after primary and secondary smallpox vaccination Evaluation of 21st-century risks of smallpox vaccination and policy options Modeling responses to a smallpox epidemic taking into account uncertainty Smallpox in Europe 1950-1971 A different view of smallpox and vaccinia Epidemiology of smallpox in West Pakistan I acquired immunity and the distribution of disease Effectiveness of postexposure vaccination for the prevention of smallpox: results of a Delphi analysis Modeling potential responses to smallpox as a bioterrorist weapon Response of Volta children to live attenuated measles vaccine Status of eradication of smallpox (and control of measles) in West and Central Africa Smallpox vaccination by intradermal jet injection. Simultaneous childhood measles and universal smallpox vaccination was started in 1967, using collection-point mass vaccination with jet injector guns as the main strategy.


id: cord-266225-mqbud21t
author: Tambo, Ernest
date: 2016-05-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3653
sentence: 111
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt
txt: txt/cord-266225-mqbud21t.txt
title:
  Can free open access resources strengthen knowledge-based emerging public health priorities, policies and programs in Africa?

summary:
  Fee free open access to health data and information for all generations offers a new public health paradigm shift and opportunities to meet the knowledge, lessons learnt and experiences gaps and needs in Africa. Previous literature reviews have shown that open access data and information are of great importance and valuable assets in information sharing, education exchanges and capacity development.


id: cord-206145-snkdgpym
author: Ackermann, Klaus
title: Object Recognition for Economic Development from Daytime Satellite Imagery
date: 2020-09-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4011
sentence: 169
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-206145-snkdgpym.txt
txt: txt/cord-206145-snkdgpym.txt
summary:
  Our study is a proof-of-concept exercise to show that combining daytime satellite imagery, open source ground truth data and machine learning tools can translate unstructured image data into valuable insights about local economic development at an unprecedented scale. The Quarterly Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic statistics The View from Above: Applications of Satellite Data in Economics Equitable development through deep learning: The case of subnational population density estimation A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning VIIRS night-time lights A global poverty map derived from satellite data Evaluating the relationship between spatial and spectral features derived from high spatial resolution satellite data and urban poverty in Colombo, Sri Lanka Deep residual learning for image recognition Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space Regional favoritism Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty Tile2Vec -Unsupervised Representation Learning for Spatially Distributed Data Statistical tragedy in Africa?


id: cord-020203-dtqjuemu
author: Calitz, Andre P.
title: The Influence of Culture on Women’s IT Career Choices
date: 2020-03-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4399
sentence: 209
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-020203-dtqjuemu.txt
txt: txt/cord-020203-dtqjuemu.txt
summary:
  In societies such as India and the Soviet Union, women participate in IT careers in higher numbers when compared to men [17] . • H0 2 : Culture and societal attitudes regarding IT career exert no influence on females remaining in the field of IT.


id: cord-261533-73721b24
author: Mok, Chris Ka Pun
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4834
sentence: 173
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-261533-73721b24.txt
txt: txt/cord-261533-73721b24.txt
title:
  T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study

summary:
  Our findings suggest that the incidence of MERS infections taking place in Africa is underestimated. key: cord-261533-73721b24 authors: Mok, Chris Ka Pun; Zhu, Airu; Zhao, Jingxian; Lau, Eric H Y; Wang, Junxiang; Chen, Zhao; Zhuang, Zhen; Wang, Yanqun; Alshukairi, Abeer N; Baharoon, Salim A; Wang, Wenling; Tan, Wenjie; Liang, Weiwen; Oladipo, Jamiu O; Perera, Ranawaka A P M; Kuranga, Sulyman A; Peiris, Malik; Zhao, Jincun title: T-cell responses to MERS coronavirus infection in people with occupational exposure to dromedary camels in Nigeria: an observational cohort study date: 2020-10-06 journal: Lancet Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30599-5 sha: doc_id: 261533 cord_uid: 73721b24 BACKGROUND:


id: cord-270143-muxrxvyo
author: Markotter, Wanda
title: Paramyxo- and Coronaviruses in Rwandan Bats
date: 2019-07-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4903
sentence: 191
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-270143-muxrxvyo.txt
txt: txt/cord-270143-muxrxvyo.txt
summary:
  Host gene sequences were subsequently compared to bat sequences available in the public domain (on the NCBI GenBank and BOLD databases), results were interpreted and compared with the respective morphological field identifications. In addition to morphological identification of bat species, we also did molecular confirmation of species identities, contributing to the known genetic database available for African bat species.


id: cord-325931-9gqonmf5
author: Nguimkeu, Pierre
date: 2020-10-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5977
sentence: 205
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-325931-9gqonmf5.txt
txt: txt/cord-325931-9gqonmf5.txt
title:
  Why is the Number of COVID-19 Cases Lower Than Expected in Sub-Saharan Africa? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Role of Demographic and Geographic Factors

summary:
  Given that population density and urbanization rates remain relatively low in sub-Saharan Africa countries (see Figure 2 ), these countries thus have an important advantage in coping with the virus spread compared to other parts of the world from a spatial perspective. We conclude that differences in demographic and geographic characteristics help understand the relatively low progression of the pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa as well as the gap in the number of active cases between this region and the rest of the World.


id: cord-330204-guhrtz1h
author: Cleaveland, Sarah
title: Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism
date: 2017-12-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5490
sentence: 185
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-330204-guhrtz1h.txt
txt: txt/cord-330204-guhrtz1h.txt
summary:
  International Companion Animal Management Coalition Population dynamics of owned, free-roaming dogs: implications for rabies control Bringing together emerging and endemic zoonoses surveillance: shared challenges and a common solution Cost-effectiveness evaluation of a novel integrated bite case management program for the control of human rabies Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis Evaluation of a direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) for rapid diagnosis of rabies in animals and humans Comparison of biotinylated monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an evaluation of a direct rapid immunohistochemical test for the routine diagnosis of rabies in southern Africa A simple and rapid immunochromatographic test kit for rabies diagnosis Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based rapid immunochromatographic test for direct detection of rabies virus in the brain of humans and animals Validation of a rapid rabies diagnostic tool for field surveillance in developing countries Evaluation of six commercially available rapid immunochromatographic tests for the diagnosis of rabies in brain material Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance Mobile phones as surveillance tools: implementing and evaluating a large-scale intersectoral surveillance system for rabies in Tanzania Comparison of vaccination strategies for the control of dog rabies in Machakos District Optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa Analysis of rabies in China: transmission dynamics and control Heterogeneity in the spread and control of infectious disease: consequences for the elimination of canine rabies Comparing methods of assessing dog rabies vaccination coverage in rural and urban communities in Tanzania. Local understandings and responses to mass dog vaccination in Kilombero and Ulanga districts Operational performance and analysis of two rabies vaccination Elimination of dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030: needs assessment and alternatives for progress based on dog vaccination The road to dog rabies control and elimination: what keeps us from moving faster?


id: cord-273605-vzmn6zep
author: Mougeni, F.
title: The potential effect of the African population age structure on COVID-19 mortality
date: 2020-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1102
sentence: 45
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-273605-vzmn6zep.txt
txt: txt/cord-273605-vzmn6zep.txt
summary:
  In comparison, Latin American and Asian populations have a higher proportion in younger age groups, but the effect is still clear when compared to Africa, with a reduction of around 50%. . It is useful to quantify the isolated effect of the African age-structure on potential COVID-19 mortality for illustrative and communication purposes, keeping in mind the importance of public health measures that have been shown to be effective in reducing cases and deaths.


id: cord-011855-0vetk6jd
author: Shayo, Elizabeth
date: 2020-07-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2198
sentence: 95
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-011855-0vetk6jd.txt
txt: txt/cord-011855-0vetk6jd.txt
title:
  Ethical issues in intervention studies on the prevention and management of diabetes and hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa

summary:
  However, the standardisation would have inhibited HIV research in Africa and was opposed by global health researchers. Where Ministries of Health cannot achieve a reliable supply, even with the support of research programmes, then research in those settings may not be feasible.


id: cord-255927-0tp4ig4o
author: Hayman, David T S
title: African Primates: Likely Victims, Not Reservoirs, of Ebolaviruses
date: 2019-11-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2073
sentence: 78
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-255927-0tp4ig4o.txt
txt: txt/cord-255927-0tp4ig4o.txt
summary:
  Ebola virus disease-Democratic Republic of the Congo Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus EDITORIAL COMMENTARY • jid 2019:220 (15 November) • 1549 disease in Guinea Situation report: Ebola virus disease Filoviruses in bats: current knowledge and future directions Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of Côte d'Ivoire Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa Identifying reservoirs of infection: a conceptual and practical challenge Morbidity and mortality of wild animals in relation to outbreaks of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Gabon Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo Clinical management of patients and deceased during the Ebola outbreak from Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory Preliminary report: isolation of Ebola virus from monkeys imported to USA Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines Molecular evidence of Ebola Reston virus infection in Philippine bats Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus A hitherto unknown infectious disease contracted from monkeys Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human infection Large serological survey showing cocirculation of Ebola and Marburg viruses in Gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in Rousettus aegyptiacus Spatial and temporal patterns of Zaire ebolavirus antibody prevalence in the possible reservoir bat species Long-term survival of an urban fruit bat seropositive for Ebola and Lagos bat viruses Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates Ebola and Rift Valley fever virus antibodies in East African primates Isolates of Zaire ebolavirus from wild apes reveal genetic lineage and recombinants Extensive serological survey of multiple African nonhuman primate species reveals low prevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies to 4 Ebolavirus species Specimen collection: an essential tool Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels Isolation of a novel 1550 • jid 2019:220 (15 November) • A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze Age to the medieval period Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960 An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic Wavelike spread of Ebola Zaire Recent common ancestry of Ebola Zaire virus found in a bat reservoir Field investigations of an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: arthropod studies Search for the Ebola virus reservoir in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: reflections on a vertebrate collection Undiscovered bat hosts of filoviruses Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa Spatiotemporal fluctuations and triggers of Ebola virus spillover Trigger events: enviroclimatic coupling of Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence The nexus between forest fragmentation in Africa and Ebola virus disease outbreaks


id: cord-011903-zqt6vu6d
author: Duby, Zoe
date: 2020-07-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7228
sentence: 231
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-011903-zqt6vu6d.txt
txt: txt/cord-011903-zqt6vu6d.txt
title:
  “As a Young Pregnant Girl… The Challenges You Face”: Exploring the Intersection Between Mental Health and Sexual and Reproductive Health Amongst Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa

summary:
  Child Care Pract Depression and its psychosocial risk factors in pregnant Kenyan adolescents: a cross-sectional study in a community health Centre of Nairobi It's better for me to drink, at least the stress is going away: perspectives on alcohol use during pregnancy among South African women attending drinking establishments Mapping a syndemic of psychosocial risks during pregnancy using network analysis The syndemic effects of intimate partner violence, HIV/AIDS, and substance abuse on depression among low-income urban women Understanding the role played by parents, culture and the school curriculum in socializing young women on sexual health issues in rural South African communities Associations between depressive symptoms, sexual behaviour and relationship characteristics: a prospective cohort study of young women and men in the Eastern Cape, South Africa Mental health and HIV sexual risk behaviour among University of Limpopo students Psychological and behavioral interventions to reduce HIV risk: evidence from a randomized control trial among orphaned and vulnerable adolescents in South Africa Anxiety and depression strongly associated with sexual risk behaviors among networks of young men in Dar es Salaam Depression and anxiety as risk factors for delayed careseeking behavior in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in South Africa Qualitative data analysis for health services research: developing taxonomy, themes, and theory Thematic analysis: striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria Theme development in qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis Double disclosure bind: complexities of communicating an hiv diagnosis in the context of unintended pregnancy in Durban What is the relevance of mental health to HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs in developing countries? In addition to age-related factors and socio-economic factors, gender-related factors, including sexual and reproductive biology, also play a role in contributing to mental health risks.


id: cord-022161-quns9b84
author: Cui, Shunji
title: China in the Fight Against the Ebola Crisis: Human Security Perspectives
date: 2018-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7851
sentence: 288
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt
txt: txt/cord-022161-quns9b84.txt
summary:
  Additionally, to help Sierra Leone improve lab testing, China sent a laboratory team of 59 (thirty doctors and twenty-nine laboratory technicians) to work at the Sierra Leone-China Friendship Hospital (China Daily, September 17, 2014). The UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon acknowledged 'the speed and breadth' of China's response and emphasized the commitment and dedication made by Chinese medical staff to fighting Ebola (China Daily, February 15, 2015) .


id: cord-259754-7skgb6eu
author: Chowell, Gerardo
title: Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD): a review
date: 2014-10-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8285
sentence: 335
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-259754-7skgb6eu.txt
txt: txt/cord-259754-7skgb6eu.txt
summary:
  Figure 6 illustrates the role of the size of spillover events (for example, the number of infectious cases initially introduced in the population) in triggering Ebola epidemics in naive populations by showing that the probability that a major epidemic occurs rapidly increases as a function of the initial number of Ebola cases. A review of key epidemiological parameters of EVD and our current understanding of the transmission dynamics and the effect of basic control interventions against this disease would be useful for guiding and assessing the potential effectiveness of control interventions during Ebola outbreaks.


id: cord-003838-u8zjzqbr
author: Demos, Terrence C.
date: 2019-08-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7812
sentence: 318
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-003838-u8zjzqbr.txt
txt: txt/cord-003838-u8zjzqbr.txt
title:
  Molecular phylogenetics of the African horseshoe bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae): expanded geographic and taxonomic sampling of the Afrotropics

summary:
  In the capensis species group, five newly sequenced R. gorongosae specimens and three R. rhodesiae specimens differed from R. simulator clade 1 by only 1.4 and 1%, respectively, in Rhinolophus rhodesiae is likewise nested within R. simulator clade 2 that includes sequences from DRC, Botswana, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.


id: cord-016403-id6fjgye
author: Djikeng, Appolinaire
title: Implications of Human Microbiome Research for the Developing World
date: 2011-10-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8150
sentence: 267
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-016403-id6fjgye.txt
txt: txt/cord-016403-id6fjgye.txt
summary:
  The nonresident microbiota contains known and unknown microbes that cause a wide range of human diseases, most of which remain to be effectively controlled in both the developed and the developing world. As an example, recent human microbiome studies have led to the discovery of a novel virus of the Cosavirus genus and its association with acute diarrhea in a child in Australia (Holtz et al., 2008) .


id: cord-022176-hprwqi4n
author: Löscher, Thomas
title: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
date: 2009-07-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8292
sentence: 318
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt
txt: txt/cord-022176-hprwqi4n.txt
summary:
  Since then, several outbreaks of Nipah virus infections have been observed in Asian countries: Singapore in 1999, India 2001 , and Bangladesh since 2003 (WHO 2004a Harit et al. 2006) . WHO Regional Office for Europe Altitudinal distribution limit of the tick Ixodes ricinus shifted considerably towards higher altitudes in central Europe: results of three years monitoring in the Krkonose Mts Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey Outbreak of West Nile virus infection Novel chikungunya virus variant in travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis Infection with Chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region Waldarbeiter-Studie Berlin-Brandenburg 2000 zu zeckenübertragenen und andere Zoonosen Risikofaktoren für Lyme-Borreliose: Ergebnisse einer Studie in einem Brandenburger Landkreis übertrifft die Infektionszahlen der Vorjahre Zahl der Hantavirus-Erkrankungen erreichte 2007 in Deutschland einen neuen Höchststand Prevalence and determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection in preschool children: a population-based study from Germany Hantaviruses: a global disease problem Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine Tick-borne diseases in the United States The National Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit (NCJDSU) Marburg virus infection detected in a common African bat Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence Multiple exposures during a norovirus outbreak on a river-cruise sailing through Europe Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in Hamburg blood donors Nipah virus outbreaks in Bangladesh Revision of the International Health regulations Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24 179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study Large outbreak of norovirus: The baker who should have known better Epidemiology of drugresistant malaria Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia


id: cord-018239-n7axd9bq
author: Rusoke-Dierich, Olaf
title: Travel Medicine
date: 2018-03-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8534
sentence: 551
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt
txt: txt/cord-018239-n7axd9bq.txt
summary:
  If diarrhoea contains blood or mucus in combination of high fever for more than 2 days, more thorough assessment is required. Severe cases show high fever, neck stiffness, photophobia, headache, disorientation, coma, convulsions, spastic paralysis or death.


id: cord-017490-p8mbiq2z
author: Dawson, Simon
title: Bushmeat
date: 2017-07-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2721
sentence: 133
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-017490-p8mbiq2z.txt
txt: txt/cord-017490-p8mbiq2z.txt
summary:
  to obtain bushmeat species native to their homeland. There are many concerns regarding bushmeat consumption including eradication of species (John et al. 2002) , poor hygiene (Federal Department of Home Affairs, 2014), inhumane slaughtering (Humane Society International 2015), and spread of tropical diseases (FDHA 2014; Subramanian 2012; Greger 2007) .


id: cord-016322-dyjpfvvf
author: Gardner, Anthony Luzzatto
title: Foreign Aid and Humanitarian Assistance
date: 2019-12-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9075
sentence: 312
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-016322-dyjpfvvf.txt
txt: txt/cord-016322-dyjpfvvf.txt
summary:
  Moreover, US foreign aid is sometimes used as a tool to open global markets to US exports and is often tied to the purchase of US 7 The United Nations has urged countries to spend at least 0.7% of their GDP on foreign aid, a target met by Sweden, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. US foreign aid policy is often shaped by national security concerns, especially during major wars, and devotes significant resources to military and non-military security assistance (concentrated in Afghanistan, Israel, Egypt, and Iraq).


id: cord-260565-cdthfl5f
author: Burkle, Frederick M.
date: 2020-04-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8816
sentence: 390
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt
txt: txt/cord-260565-cdthfl5f.txt
title:
  Declining Public Health Protections within Autocratic Regimes: Impact on Global Public Health Security, Infectious Disease Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics

summary:
  China Environment Series Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally Research: Virus did not originate at Wuhan market China's engagement with global health diplomacy: was SARS a watershed The SARS Epidemic and its Aftermath in China: A Political Perspective Disappearing the coronavirus truth tellers SARS was a watershed for China public health domestically but not globally Negotiating and Navigating Global Health: Case Studies in Global Health Diplomacy The Guardian Weekly. All autocratic regimes define public health along economic and political imperatives that are similar across borders and cultures.


id: cord-023488-jf2xl3vl
author: Le Duc, James W.
title: Emerging Viral Diseases: Why We Need to Worry about Bats, Camels, and Airplanes
date: 2016-02-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9387
sentence: 399
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-023488-jf2xl3vl.txt
txt: txt/cord-023488-jf2xl3vl.txt
summary:
  Even though the era of modern virology has been well established for more than 65 years, virus diseases continue to appear or reemerge. Ebola virus disease in West Africa-The first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections Gene loss and adaptation to hominids underlie the ancient origin of HIV-1 Sharp PM AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications Nef proteins of epidemic HIV-1 group O strains antagonize human tetherin Vif proteins from diverse primate lentiviral lineages use the same binding site in APOBEC3G The origins of AIDS Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic


id: cord-345067-kummh0g7
author: Nachega, Jean B.
title: Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?
date: 2020-05-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1180
sentence: 48
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt
txt: txt/cord-345067-kummh0g7.txt
summary:
  How USSD Code Is Breaking Grounds in Ghana -Part COVID-19: Our Response in Senegal South Africa Is Hunting Down Coronavirus with Thousands of Health Workers Mobile phone-delivered reminders and incentives to improve childhood immunisation coverage and timeliness in Kenya (M-SIMU): a cluster randomised controlled trial A hybrid mobile approach for populationwide HIV testing in rural east Africa: an observational study Controlling ebola through mHealth strategies COVID-19 AND MOBILE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY IN AFRICA [4] [5] [6] The Global System for Mobile Communication Association reports that 50% of Africans own mobile phones and that 39% are internet-connected, numbers which are rapidly increasing, and approach 80% access when phone-sharing is considered.


id: cord-327106-drwvzw5l
author: Eyawo, Oghenowede
title: Rethinking the Central Role of Equity in the Global Governance of Pandemic Response
date: 2020-08-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2623
sentence: 71
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt
txt: txt/cord-327106-drwvzw5l.txt
summary:
  We maintain that this requires us to rethink how we can strengthen the role equity plays in guiding the global governance of pandemic preparedness and response, and its wider potential impact for global health governance more generally. COVID-19 provides an opportunity to reset the structure, function, and aims of global health governance.


id: cord-259673-z7kvf8n8
author: Rogerson, Stephen J.
title: Identifying and combating the impacts of COVID-19 on malaria
date: 2020-07-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4070
sentence: 170
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt
txt: txt/cord-259673-z7kvf8n8.txt
summary:
  World Health Organization Spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria Evolution and expansion of multidrug-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia: a genomic epidemiology study Determinants of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment failure in Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam: a prospective clinical, pharmacological, and genetic study The antimalarial pipeline Malaria elimination in remote communities requires integration of malaria control activities into general health care: an observational study and interrupted time series analysis in Myanmar Signatories from c. COVID-19 and risks to the supply and quality of tests, drugs, and vaccines Demand for coronavirus tests raises concerns over HIV and malaria The Guardian Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mitigation steps provide a blueprint for malaria control and elimination Effectiveness of reactive focal mass drug administration and reactive focal vector control to reduce malaria transmission in the low malaria-endemic setting of Namibia: a cluster-randomised controlled, open-label, two-by-two factorial design trial Civil Society for Malaria Elimination Nonessential research in the new normal: the impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) From aspiration to action: what will it take to end malaria? Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations The ACREME Investigators who contributed to this article include Prof Nicholas Anstey, Menzies School Authors' contributions SJR and JGB conceived the article. Recent successes in malaria control and elimination have reduced the global malaria burden, but these gains are fragile and progress has stalled in the past 5 years.


id: cord-024570-jfm4yvef
author: Moodley, Prevan
title: A discourse analysis of Ebola in South African newspapers (2014–2015)
date: 2019-08-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5326
sentence: 220
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-024570-jfm4yvef.txt
txt: txt/cord-024570-jfm4yvef.txt
summary:
  Common images about social, psychological, and national threats have been used in Ebola discourse. [T]he Ebola outbreak is attracting conspiracy theories, with claims ranging from the unsubstantiated to the downright crazy . . .


id: cord-022141-yxttl3gh
author: Siegel, Frederic R.
title: Progressive Adaptation: The Key to Sustaining a Growing Global Population
date: 2014-08-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11118
sentence: 453
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-022141-yxttl3gh.txt
txt: txt/cord-022141-yxttl3gh.txt
summary:
  Initially, and for many years thereafter, the added greenhouse gases were taken up by vegetation for photosynthesis and was also absorbed by the oceans and other water bodies. For smaller waterways that flow through cities, municipalities may invest in deepening, widening, and straightening channels as well as erecting walls so that more water can flow through the area more rapidly without coming out of a channel.


id: cord-275487-87763q62
author: Malherbe, Petrus
date: 2020-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4952
sentence: 232
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-275487-87763q62.txt
txt: txt/cord-275487-87763q62.txt
title:
  Guidance we can trust? The status and quality of prehospital clinical guidance in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review

summary:
  [7] excluded any other form of guidance documents such as algorithms, patient care pathways or clinical care protocols, potentially missing prehospital guidance documents that do not conform to the strict definition of a CPG, as set by the Institute of Medicine [10] . A scoping review was chosen as the method of choice, as it allows the authors to map the spectrum of prehospital guidance documents available in SSA.


id: cord-257358-uoek1pba
author: Peset, José L.
title: Plagues and Diseases in History
date: 2015-03-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5048
sentence: 194
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-257358-uoek1pba.txt
txt: txt/cord-257358-uoek1pba.txt
summary:
  Paleopathology enables us to discover the high incidence of diseases in the early inhabitants of the Earth, especially where such diseases left their mark on bones. It is thus possible to detect remnants of tumors, infections, necrosis, osteoporosis, and malformations, as also traumatisms, dental alterations, rickets, rheumatism, and other diseases of the bones.


id: cord-335117-p03svmfr
author: Mehtar, Shaheen
title: Limiting the spread of COVID-19 in Africa: one size mitigation strategies do not fit all countries
date: 2020-04-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1705
sentence: 57
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt
txt: txt/cord-335117-p03svmfr.txt
summary:
  However, the majority of COVID-19 cases currently being identified and reported from African countries are due to local transmission. As lockdowns and physical distancing measures are eased, proactive surveillance, case detection, and contact tracing with isolation will be required to prevent a dramatic resurgence of COVID-19 cases.


id: cord-009934-f4moopcc
author: Eggermont, Hilde
date: 2006-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12384
sentence: 475
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-009934-f4moopcc.txt
txt: txt/cord-009934-f4moopcc.txt
title:
  ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Taxonomy and diversity of Afroalpine Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) on Mount Kenya and the Rwenzori Mountains, East Africa

summary:
  This study examines the biodiversity of Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) communities in these scarce Afroalpine lake systems, in order to determine their uniqueness in relation to lowland African lakes and alpine lakes in temperate regions, and to evaluate the potential of Afroalpine Chironomidae as biological indicators to monitor future changes in the ecological integrity of their habitat. Eleven of these 16 are not known to occur in African lakes at lower elevation, and eight taxa (or 50% of total species richness) appear restricted to the specific habitat of cold lakes above 3900 m, where night‐time freezing is frequent year‐round.


id: cord-000808-pxryt8wn
author: Leroy, Eric
date: 2012-09-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2872
sentence: 99
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-000808-pxryt8wn.txt
txt: txt/cord-000808-pxryt8wn.txt
title:
  Filovirus Research in Gabon and Equatorial Africa: The Experience of a Research Center in the Heart of Africa

summary:
  In this multi-emergence hypothesis, Ebola virus disease outbreaks would occur episodically during certain ecological conditions caused by habitat disturbances or climatic phenomena. Since the reemergence of Ebola virus in Central Africa, the CIRMF “Emerging Viral Disease Unit” developed diagnostic tools and epidemiologic strategies and transfers of such technology to support the response of the National Public Health System and the World Health Organization to epidemics of Ebola virus disease.


id: cord-018364-b06084r1
author: LaBrunda, Michelle
title: The Emerging Threat of Ebola
date: 2019-06-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13506
sentence: 710
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt
txt: txt/cord-018364-b06084r1.txt
summary:
  Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients Interim guidance for healthcare workers providing care in West African countries affected by the Ebola outbreak: limiting heat burden while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) Viral bioterrorism: learning the lesson of Ebola virus in West Africa CDC announces active post-arrival monitoring for travelers from impacted countries Enhanced Ebola screening to start at five U.S. airports and new tracking program for all people entering U.S. from Ebola-affected countries History of quarantine Enhanced Ebola screening to start at five U.S. airports and new tracking program for all people entering U.S. from Ebola-affected countries History of quarantine Protecting borders: the road to zero Severe meningoencephalitis in a case of Ebola virus disease: a case report Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus -Liberia Persistence of Ebola virus in various body fluids during convalescence: evidence and implications for disease transmission and control The world's ten largest megacities Ebola virus-related encephalitis Survey of Ebola viruses in frugivorous and insectivorous bats in Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo Transmissibility and pathogenicity of Ebola virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of household secondary attack rate and asymptomatic infection Ebola RNA persistence in semen of Ebola virus disease survivors -final report Demographia world urban areas: 14th annual edition Epidemiology and risk factors for Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone -23 Ebola in Nigeria and Senegal: stable -for the moment (n.d.) Retrieved December Infection prevention and control measures for Ebola virus disease Transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease and intervention effectiveness in Sierra Leone Use of viremia to evaluate the baseline case fatality ratio of Ebola virus disease and inform treatment studies: a retrospective cohort study Air trafic by the numbers Ebola haemorrhagic fever Variability in intrahousehold transmission of Ebola virus, and estimation of the household secondary attack rate The discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses Confronting the threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies Cultural context of Ebola in northern Ugands Clinical presentation, biochemical, and haematological parameters and their association with outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease: an observational cohort study Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in U Interim Guidance for Management of Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report Disability among Ebola survivors and their close contacts in Sierra Leone: a retrospective case-controlled cohort study Monitoring of prognostic laboratory markers in Ebola virus disease Lethal experimential infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure Experimental inoculation of Egyptian Rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with viruses of the ebolavirus and Marburgvirus genera An overview of Ebola virus disease Some airports have a new security routine: taking your temperature The worship of God in African traditional religion a Nigerian perspective The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Democreatic Republic of the Congo, 1995, Commission de Lutte Contre les Epidemies a Kikwit Ebola virus disease in health care workers -Sierra Leone Some airports have a new security routine: taking your temperature.


id: cord-011023-eahx37cy
author: Fleischack, Anne
date: 2019-06-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6801
sentence: 233
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-011023-eahx37cy.txt
txt: txt/cord-011023-eahx37cy.txt
title:
  The Conundrums of Counselling Women in Violent Intimate Partner Relationships in South Africa: Implications for Practice

summary:
  A clear micro-narrative that emerged in the interviews concerned the emotional labour that goes into providing counselling for IPV clients. For example, anthropological research in South Africa has described violence in interpersonal relationships as being understood by those involved as a demonstration of love, depth of feeling, or emotional investment in the relationship, with women victims of IPV consequently downplaying the harm caused (Wood et al. 2008) .


id: cord-029728-fwzm6c61
author: Omorogiuwa, Tracy BE
date: 2020-07-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1855
sentence: 60
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-029728-fwzm6c61.txt
txt: txt/cord-029728-fwzm6c61.txt
title:
  COVID-19 and older adults in Africa: Social workers’ utilization of mass media in enforcing policy change

summary:
  Before considering how social workers can 'activate' this powerful but often overlooked tool, we examine the grievous effects of the pandemic on older adults in Africa. It is against this background that social workers must be at the vanguard of promoting policy change in the context of the challenges faced by older adults in Africa, through the instrumentality of the mass media.


id: cord-032252-8usagw86
author: Muntingh, Lukas M
title: Africa, Prisons and COVID-19
date: 2020-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3736
sentence: 134
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-032252-8usagw86.txt
txt: txt/cord-032252-8usagw86.txt
summary:
  Many are familiar with the devastation that AIDS brought to Africa's prisons and with underlying health conditions such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and general poor nutrition, COVID-19 does conjure up images of an unprecedented prisons health crisis, as both the infection rate (the proportion of people infected) and the infection fatality rate (the proportion of infected persons who die) may be higher in prisons than that which may occur among the general population outside prison. It is predominantly the poor who find themselves in prisons, but since the state cannot provide all the resources, prisoners are dependent on outside support (when they have such support) to make life in prison more bearable.


id: cord-020199-rm0c2vu9
author: Odusanya, Kayode
title: Exploring the Determinants of Internet Usage in Nigeria: A Micro-spatial Approach
date: 2020-03-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3947
sentence: 159
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-020199-rm0c2vu9.txt
txt: txt/cord-020199-rm0c2vu9.txt
summary:
  Using geo-referenced information of an inventory of broadband network infrastructure, we employ a more appropriate micro-spatial measure of internet infrastructure based on 3G/4G network equipment at the local level alongside a range of explanatory variables to explain internet adoption in Nigeria. In comparison to the cited studies, we take a different approach by employing a true measure of internet infrastructure that is based on the prevalence of wireless network equipment (i.e. towers and radios).


id: cord-327139-u5rzp2h4
author: Barrett, Claire L.
date: 2020-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1693
sentence: 79
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-327139-u5rzp2h4.txt
txt: txt/cord-327139-u5rzp2h4.txt
title:
  Primary healthcare practitioners and patient blood management in Africa in the time of coronavirus disease 2019: Safeguarding the blood supply

summary:
  Understanding the missing gap and responding to present and future challenges Towards the future of blood transfusion -The South African National blood service's perspectives on cellular therapeutic services and products The essential role of patient blood management in a pandemic: A call for action Anesth Analg Global forum for blood safety: Patient Blood Management (PBM) structured observations The three-pillar matrix of patient blood management -An overview Patient blood management -A new paradigm for transfusion medicine? Multimodal patient blood management program based on a three-pillar strategy: A systematic review and meta-analysis A systematic analysis of global anemia burden from 1990 to 2010 Alternatives to blood transfusion. Keywords: Blood supply; patient blood management; Africa; COVID-19; resilience; transfusion.


id: cord-329953-8nq7fvfh
author: Le Grange, Lesley
title: Covid-19 pandemic and the prospects of education in South Africa
date: 2020-10-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6256
sentence: 236
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt
txt: txt/cord-329953-8nq7fvfh.txt
summary:
  Access to any form of online learning for the majority of school learners remains a pipedream; thus, the Covid-19 pandemic has likewise laid bare the severity of the digital divide in South Africa (Davids 2020) . Such schools lack basic sanitation and water infrastructure; moreover, their inferior facilities will make physical distancing a challenge.


id: cord-350380-4yardtss
author: Jephcott, Freya L.
date: 2017-07-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3498
sentence: 140
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt
txt: txt/cord-350380-4yardtss.txt
title:
  Facility-based surveillance for emerging infectious diseases; diagnostic practices in rural West African hospital settings: observations from Ghana

summary:
  Such a process distorts doctors' perceptions of local epidemiology by skewing disease surveillance data towards already common conditions and further prejudicing them against unusual or less well-established diagnoses. The processes of identifying and labelling diseases via clinical diagnosis therefore make facility-based surveillance unsuitable as a primary source of EID surveillance.


id: cord-332610-t99l3zii
author: Mayer, J.D.
title: Emerging Diseases: Overview
date: 2008-08-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9597
sentence: 424
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-332610-t99l3zii.txt
txt: txt/cord-332610-t99l3zii.txt
summary:
  However, it is impossible to say when the terms 'emerging infection' or 'emerging infectious diseases' were first used to describe new infectious diseases, or diseases that meet the criteria that are described in this article. In discussions of emergence, both 'emerging infections' and 'emerging infectious diseases' are commonly found.


id: cord-336168-hvp13ell
author: Yazdanbakhsh, Maria
title: Influenza in Africa
date: 2009-12-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1706
sentence: 68
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-336168-hvp13ell.txt
txt: txt/cord-336168-hvp13ell.txt
summary:
  To this end proper surveillance systems should be set up in already existing and well-established clinical research centers to understand the epidemiology of influenza in Africa, which in turn may help the processes of decision making regarding influenza vaccination on the continent, which may have a high impact on health in Africa. Seasonality of influenza in Brazil: a traveling wave from the Amazon to the subtropics Influenza-associated hospitalization in a subtropical city Seasonality of influenza in the tropics: a distinct pattern in northeastern Brazil Global patterns in seasonal activity of influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B from 1997 to 2005: viral coexistence and latitudinal gradients The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses Etiology of serious infections in young Gambian infants Epidemiological and virological influenza survey in Dakar, Senegal: 1996-1998 Influenza virus strains in Nairobi, Kenya Results of two-year surveillance of flu in Abidjan Cellular and humoral responses to influenza in Gabonese children living in rural and semi-urban areas Influenza A (H1N1) -update 20 Interim report on pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infections in South Africa Introduction and transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) Virus-Kenya Mortality rates from malaria in children under 5 fall sharply in 10 countries The limits and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum transmission: implications for malaria control and elimination worldwide Amodiaquine-artesunate versus amodiaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in African children: a randomised, multicentre trial Community acquired pneumonia in children in Lambarene, Gabon Time to move from presumptive malaria treatment to laboratory-confirmed diagnosis and treatment in African children with fever A variety of respiratory viruses found in symptomatic travellers returning from countries with ongoing spread of the new influenza A(H1N1)v virus strain Immune regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms Upregulation of TGF-beta, FOXP3, and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells correlates with more rapid parasite growth in human malaria infection A phase II, randomized study on an investigational DTPw-HBV/Hib-MenAC conjugate vaccine administered to infants in Northern Ghana The epidemiology of influenza in a tropical (Gambian) environment Weaker Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses to influenza virus antigens were seen in vaccinated rural children compared to the semi-urban vacinees.


id: cord-252947-giijfhbz
author: Khubone, Thokozani
date: 2020-05-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3617
sentence: 138
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt
txt: txt/cord-252947-giijfhbz.txt
title:
  Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review

summary:
  A three-country qualitative study was conducted in southern Africa on the sustainability of health information systems which revealed; more government commitment in funding EHIS such as printer ink, IT infrastructure, recruitment of personnel and running costs [23] . In National Center for Research Resources Basic Components of Electronic Health Record Stakeholder engagement: A key component of integrating genomic information into electronic health records Clinical Information Systems: A Component-Based Approach General Components of an EHR System E-health technologies show promise in developing countries Scaling-up health information systems to improve HIV treatment: An assessment of initial patient monitoring systems in Mozambique Implementing an Integrated Pharmaceutical Management Information System for Antiretrovirals and Other Medicines: Lessons From Namibia Barriers and facilitators to health information exchange in low-and middle-income country settings: A systematic review Progress of childhood immunization information management system in China Sustainability of health information systems: A three-country qualitative study in southern Africa.


id: cord-347261-d6012uem
author: Hatefi, Shahrokh
date: 2020-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 915
sentence: 44
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-347261-d6012uem.txt
txt: txt/cord-347261-d6012uem.txt
title:
  COVID-19 in South Africa: lockdown strategy and its effects on public health and other contagious diseases

summary:
  The Lancet Global Health Three lessons for the COVID-19 response from pandemic HIV. key: cord-347261-d6012uem authors: Hatefi, Shahrokh; Smith, Farouk; Abou-El-Hossein, Khaled; Alizargar, Javad title: COVID-19 in South Africa: lockdown strategy and its effects on public health and other contagious diseases date: 2020-06-19 journal:


id: cord-016946-p883xjq5
author: Bindenagel Šehović, Annamarie
title: Introducing Ebola (EVD): An Unnecessary Surprise
date: 2017-05-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4679
sentence: 227
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-016946-p883xjq5.txt
txt: txt/cord-016946-p883xjq5.txt
summary:
  18 Resolution 2177 (2014) placed the onus for Ebola response on the national state. 10 One advantage of Ebola infection is that those who have become ill, and infectious, are visibly sick.


id: cord-347109-vgubi2k8
author: Okoi, Obasesam
title: How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2326
sentence: 82
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt
txt: txt/cord-347109-vgubi2k8.txt
summary:
  key: cord-347109-vgubi2k8 authors: Okoi, Obasesam; Bwawa, Tatenda title: How health inequality affect responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-07-10 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105067 sha: doc_id: 347109 cord_uid: vgubi2k8 The COVID-19 outbreak has infected millions of people across the world, caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, and collapsed national economies. Various governments have developed policies to address health inequality and its social determinants (Owusu-Addo, Renzaho & Smith, 2020).


id: cord-023993-rncleqqy
author: Ramírez, J. Martín
title: Long-Lasting Solutions to the Problem of Migration in Europe
date: 2020-03-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11279
sentence: 381
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-023993-rncleqqy.txt
txt: txt/cord-023993-rncleqqy.txt
summary:
  (c) the Visegrad countries (V4) -Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakiaplus Baltics (Latvia and Lithuania) and some recent addings (at least, Austria, and partially Italy), call for reform, and refuse to consider any binding sharing 15 In 2017, Germany received 222.560 applications, almost double that of any other EU country, requesting the return of 64.267 refugees to other EU countries, but only managed to execute 15% of the returns of asylum seekers requesting from the EU. By way of example, there is a positive counter-terrorism cooperation carried out by several EU countries working closely with Northern Africa on security, providing training and equipment for counter-terrorism and conducting some joint operations.


id: cord-005233-bm54jqqf
author: Mokgolodi, Neo C.
title: Ziziphus mucronata: an underutilized traditional medicinal plant in Africa
date: 2011-08-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4588
sentence: 215
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cord-005233-bm54jqqf.txt
txt: txt/cord-005233-bm54jqqf.txt
summary:
  In rural areas, the termite resistant timber from Z. mucronata trees is used for a variety of household items such as tables, chairs, spoons and dishes (Palmer and Pitman, 1972) . We examined a related common species widely distributed in Africa, Z. mucronata, whose economic value has not, as yet, been explored.


id: cord-355343-dtdsd8j2
author: Buonsenso, Danilo
title: Social consequences of COVID-19 in a low resource setting in Sierra Leone, West Africa
date: 2020-06-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1272
sentence: 37
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-355343-dtdsd8j2.txt
txt: txt/cord-355343-dtdsd8j2.txt
summary:
  We drafted a survey in order to urgently address the social impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the rural village of Bureh Town, Sierra Leone, West Africa (figure 1) and quickly implement corrective measures. key: cord-355343-dtdsd8j2 authors: Buonsenso, Danilo; Cinicola, Bianca; Raffaelli, Francesca; Sollena, Pietro; Iodice, Francesco title: Social consequences of COVID-19 in a low resource setting in Sierra Leone, West Africa date: 2020-06-01 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.104 sha: doc_id: 355343 cord_uid: dtdsd8j2 Economical and psychological consequences of the lockdown in low-resource setting in rural Africa are unknown.


id: cord-027859-citynr6c
author: P. Shetty, Nandini
title: Epidemiology of Disease in the Tropics
date: 2020-06-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9154
sentence: 403
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt
txt: txt/cord-027859-citynr6c.txt
summary:
  As most patients with such diseases live in developing countries and are too poor to pay for drugs, the pharmaceutical industry has traditionally ignored these diseases. The worldwide eradication of smallpox and the near-eradication of polio from many countries provide excellent examples of the role of immunization in disease control.


id: cord-016357-s5iavz3u
author: Ali, Harris
date: 2015-09-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6294
sentence: 226
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-016357-s5iavz3u.txt
txt: txt/cord-016357-s5iavz3u.txt
title:
  The Social and Political Dimensions of the Ebola Response: Global Inequality, Climate Change, and Infectious Disease

summary:
  Devex Global health governance: crisis, institutions and political economy Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health DfID has learned 'a lot' in Ebola response. But as former WHO staffer Akong Charles Ndika notes, the desperate state of most African health-care systems enables the threat posed by Ebola outbreaks to be maintained, and these inequities will continue in [the] future to manufacture new and re-emerging epidemics like Ebola . . .


id: cord-356304-lepsuyns
author: Braimoh, Ademola
title: Building Resilient Food Systems in Africa
date: 2020-09-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2068
sentence: 85
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-356304-lepsuyns.txt
txt: txt/cord-356304-lepsuyns.txt
summary:
  Food system resilience is an unfinished agenda in Africa, compounded by the coronavirus pandemic. A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation Unbreakable: Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters Second biennial review report of the African Union Commission on the implementation of the Malabo Declaration on accelerated agricultural growth and transformation for shared prosperity and improved livelihoods (African Union The (evolving) role of agriculture in poverty reduction: an empirical perspective Growing Africa: unlocking the potential of agribusiness Resources, policies, and agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa Future of food: harnessing digital technologies to improve food system outcomes Jobs for youth in Africa: catalyzing youth opportunity across Africa 2019 Mobile Industry Impact Report: Sustainable Development Goals (GSMA) Future of food: shaping the food system to deliver jobs Future of food: maximizing finance for development in agricultural value chains Making climate finance work in agriculture


id: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3
author: Den Boon, Saskia
date: 2018-03-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8416
sentence: 365
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt
txt: txt/cord-002885-dhdyxnr3.txt
title:
  Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak

summary:
  However, through comments from health workers it became clear that they indeed cope with discomfort because the PPE makes them feel safe and we have added the following sentence to the discussion: Health workers accept a certain degree of discomfort in return for the protection provided by PPE. key: cord-002885-dhdyxnr3 authors: Den Boon, Saskia; Vallenas, Constanza; Ferri, Mauricio; Norris, Susan L. title: Incorporating health workers’ perspectives into a WHO guideline on personal protective equipment developed during an Ebola virus disease outbreak date: 2018-03-09 journal: F1000Res DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.12922.2 sha: doc_id: 2885 cord_uid: dhdyxnr3 Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) health facility transmission can result in infection and death of health workers.


id: cord-278011-15t6gyy7
author: John, Nitin Ashok
title: Implications of COVID-19 infections in sickle cell disease
date: 2020-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1259
sentence: 54
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-278011-15t6gyy7.txt
txt: txt/cord-278011-15t6gyy7.txt
summary:
  There is increased mortality risk in sickle cell disease patients in Africa due to associated complications such as acute chest syndrome, asthma, pulmonary emboli and sepsis. Nearly 2/3(rd) of the global burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) is found to be in sub-Saharan Africa.


id: cord-337730-mqcgqwrb
author: Leroy, Gregoire
date: 2020-08-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5060
sentence: 155
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-337730-mqcgqwrb.txt
txt: txt/cord-337730-mqcgqwrb.txt
title:
  Food securers or invasive aliens? Trends and consequences of non-native livestock introgression in developing countries

summary:
  Failures generally relate to limited adaptedness of exotic livestock breeds, poor infrastructure and technical capacity, lack of long-term commitment of institutional partners, and limited preparatory involvement of the small-scale livestock keepers (Lemke et al., 2007; Leroy et al., 2016a) . On the other hand, outcomes of the many initiatives to replace and/ or crossbreed local livestock breeds have been variable (Madalena et al., 2002; Marshall, 2014) .


id: cord-282073-738h46g0
author: Ogunkola, Isaac Olushola
title: Rural communities in Africa should not be forgotten in responses to COVID‐19
date: 2020-08-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1623
sentence: 83
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-282073-738h46g0.txt
txt: txt/cord-282073-738h46g0.txt
summary:
  Rural areas are typified by certain challenges which may serve as limitations to the provision of resources and tools for COVID‐19 responses in these areas. Rural areas in Africa make up a large proportion of the continent.


id: cord-023884-etkhrgxp
author: Meremikwu, Martin
title: Malaria in Women and Children
date: 2009-05-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8525
sentence: 334
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-023884-etkhrgxp.txt
txt: txt/cord-023884-etkhrgxp.txt
summary:
  The role of chemotherapy in malaria control through primary healthcare: constraints and future prospects Cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage antigen 1 vary in rainy and dry seasons in highland Kenya Measurement of trends in childhood malaria mortality in Africa: an assessment of progress toward targets based on verbal autopsy Malaria attributable to the HIV-1 epidemic, sub-Saharan Africa HIV infection, malaria, and pregnancy: a prospective cohort study in Kigali Malaria in adolescence: burden of disease, consequences, and opportunities for intervention Insecticide-treated bednets and curtains for preventing malaria Effective delivery methods for malaria treatment. 5 What are the challenges of community delivery of malaria treatment through existing primary healthcare systems?


id: cord-272991-opvs2ejd
author: Masiira, Ben
date: 2020-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3496
sentence: 161
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-272991-opvs2ejd.txt
txt: txt/cord-272991-opvs2ejd.txt
title:
  Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019

summary:
  key: cord-272991-opvs2ejd authors: Masiira, Ben; Antara, Simon N; Kazoora, Herbert B; Namusisi, Olivia; Gombe, Notion T; Magazani, Alain N; Nguku, Patrick M; Kazambu, Ditu; Gitta, Sheba N; Kihembo, Christine; Sawadogo, Bernard; Bogale, Tatek A; Ohuabunwo, Chima; Nsubuga, Peter; Tshimanga, Mufuta title: Building a new platform to support public health emergency response in Africa: the AFENET Corps of Disease Detectives, 2018–2019 date: 2020-10-13 journal: BMJ Glob Health DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002874 sha: doc_id: 272991 cord_uid: opvs2ejd Public health emergency (PHE) response in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by inadequate skilled public health workforce and underfunding. ► Public health emergency response in sub-Saharan Africa is still constrained by underfunding.


id: cord-016057-efc6msf4
author: Blumberg, Lucille
title: Severe Malaria: Manifestations, diagnosis, chemotherapy, and management of severe malaria in adults
date: 2005
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4792
sentence: 217
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-016057-efc6msf4.txt
txt: txt/cord-016057-efc6msf4.txt
summary:
  The prognostic and pathophysiologic role of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in severe malaria The treatment of malaria Blood examination and prognosis in acute falciparum malaria Intraleucocytic malaria pigment and prognosis in severe malaria Diagnosis of malaria by detection of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigen with a rapid dipstick antigen-capture assay African malaria vector in European aircraft Quinine loading dose in cerebral malaria Pharmacokinetics of quinine in obesity Clindamycin in combination with chloroquine or quinine is an effective therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children from Gabon Pharmacokinetics and toxicity in cerebral and uncomplicated falciparum malaria Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and plasma protein binding of quinine in falciparum malaria Quinine and severe falciparum malaria in late pregnancy The effects of antimalarial drugs on ventricular repolarization Treatment of severe malaria in the United States with a continuous infusion of quinidine gluconate and exchange transfusion An overview of the clinical use of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of falciparum malaria in Vietnam Overview of clinical studies on artemisinin derivatives in Thailand Strategies for the prevention of antimalarial drug resistance: rationale for combination therapy for malaria The disposition of intramuscular artemether in children with cerebral malaria: a preliminary study An open randomized comparison of intravenous and intramuscular artesunate in severe falciparum malaria Case report and review Exchange transfusion as an adjunct therapy in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A meta-analysis What is the future of exchange transfusion in severe malaria? Predictors of mortality in severe malaria: A two-year experience in a non-endemic area


id: cord-293620-rliv7hms
author: Naicker, Saraladevi
title: Nephrology in Africa: forgotten no more
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1659
sentence: 75
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-293620-rliv7hms.txt
txt: txt/cord-293620-rliv7hms.txt
summary:
  The unique pattern of glomerulonephritis in Africa was described by Yakoob Seedat and Rajendra Bhimma S8 (South Africa). S2 Africa has the youngest (median age, 18 years) and most rapidly growing (annual growth rate, 2.5%) population in the world.


id: cord-263371-1ozoq3hb
author: Togun, Toyin
title: Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes
date: 2020-05-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4025
sentence: 168
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt
txt: txt/cord-263371-1ozoq3hb.txt
summary:
  TB control will focus on TB disease rather than prevention (such as the management of latent, non-transmissible TB infection). IPT works, and given that the under 5 year olds are particularly at risk of progressing to TB disease in its absence, the number of cases of childhood TB will most likely rise as a consequence.


id: cord-016826-oatjcmy0
author: Arata, Andrew A.
title: Old and New Pestilences
date: 2005
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7129
sentence: 282
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt
txt: txt/cord-016826-oatjcmy0.txt
summary:
  And we wonder why new diseases emerge? The virus (first described in 1933) has been isolated in numerous locations, but human disease is known only from Europe and the Americas.


id: cord-009765-v20r44lr
author: Vasan, Aditya
title: Medical Devices for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Directions for Development
date: 2020-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5876
sentence: 227
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-009765-v20r44lr.txt
txt: txt/cord-009765-v20r44lr.txt
summary:
  The WHO estimates that 70% of medical equipment coming from developed countries does not work in hospitals in developing countries [68, 111] due to lack of trained personnel, limitations with infrastructure, and the lack of spare parts or support for equipment. Poor quality healthcare extends beyond LMIC to underserved communities in developed countries.


id: cord-347778-b2ufs25y
author: Ebigbo, Alanna
title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in Africa
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2117
sentence: 92
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt
txt: txt/cord-347778-b2ufs25y.txt
summary:
  key: cord-347778-b2ufs25y authors: Ebigbo, Alanna; Karstensen, John Gásdal; Bhat, Purnima; Ijoma, Uchenna; Osuagwu, Chukwuemeka; Desalegn, Hailemichael; Oyeleke, Ganiyat K.; Gebru, Rezene B.; Guy, Claire; Antonelli, Giulio; Vilmann, Peter; Aabakken, Lars; Hassan, Cesare title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gastrointestinal endoscopy in Africa date: 2020-08-07 journal: As with all other fields of medical practice, gastrointestinal endoscopy has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-334763-3dfob3wi
author: Estrada, Alejandro
date: 2020-08-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11151
sentence: 368
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-334763-3dfob3wi.txt
txt: txt/cord-334763-3dfob3wi.txt
title:
  Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation

summary:
  In 2018, the world human population was estimated at ca 8bn people, ca 60% of which were found in primate range countries. These results stress that improving the well-being, health, and security of the current and future human populations in primate range countries are of paramount importance if we are to move forward with effective policies to protect the world’s primate species and promote biodiversity conservation.


id: cord-354590-vipfgvgh
author: Sylvester, Steven P.
date: 2020-10-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7316
sentence: 292
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-354590-vipfgvgh.txt
txt: txt/cord-354590-vipfgvgh.txt
title:
  Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata

summary:
  macra holotype is on the shorter side with regards most inflorescence characters when compared with F. caprina var. caprina, with shorter spikelets, lemmas, awns and anthers according to the protologue. data) , F. caprina var.


id: cord-269362-pne9qolr
author: Yassi, Annalee
date: 2011-11-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4467
sentence: 158
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt
txt: txt/cord-269362-pne9qolr.txt
title:
  Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact

summary:
  Ironically, perhaps, worker health and safety has not received greater attention in the healthcare sector than in other economic sectors [4] , despite the fact that health workers constitute the largest workforce in the world, with an estimated 59 million worldwide [31] . key: cord-269362-pne9qolr authors: Yassi, Annalee; Bryce, Elizabeth A; Breilh, Jaime; Lavoie, Marie-Claude; Ndelu, Lindiwe; Lockhart, Karen; Spiegel, Jerry title: Collaboration between infection control and occupational health in three continents: a success story with international impact date: 2011-11-08 journal: BMC Int Health Hum Rights DOI: 10.1186/1472-698x-11-s2-s8 sha: doc_id: 269362 cord_uid: pne9qolr Globalization has been accompanied by the rapid spread of infectious diseases, and further strain on working conditions for health workers globally.


id: cord-355074-u5s3uzp6
author: Bamgboye, Ebun L.
title: COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Africa Different?
date: 2020-11-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3831
sentence: 157
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt
txt: txt/cord-355074-u5s3uzp6.txt
summary:
  Case numbers, mortality, number of tests performed, and demographic data were summarized and compared by continents, regions, and countries within the continent of Africa. The busiest international airports in the continent are located in South Africa which also has the highest numbers on the continent, followed by Egypt which is also second in case numbers ( Figure 4A ).


id: cord-278881-bj5ebk2s
author: Binagwaho, Agnes
date: 2020-08-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2416
sentence: 89
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt
txt: txt/cord-278881-bj5ebk2s.txt
title:
  Changing the COVID-19 Narrative in Africa: Using an Implementation Research Lens to Understand Successes and Plan for Challenges Ahead

summary:
  Implementation science methods can serve to develop knowledge at a country and regional level on how to identify, utilize, and address these and other contextual factors, and inform relevant evidence-based interventions and implementation strategies. Implementation science methods can serve to develop knowledge at a country and regional level on how to identify, utilize, and address these and other contextual factors, and inform relevant evidence-based interventions and implementation strategies.


id: cord-018639-0g1ov96t
author: Kurpiers, Laura A.
title: Bushmeat and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons from Africa
date: 2015-09-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14565
sentence: 411
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-018639-0g1ov96t.txt
txt: txt/cord-018639-0g1ov96t.txt
summary:
  Humans have hunted wild animals for consumption and to protect their crops for millennia (Shipman et al. 1981 ; Grubb et al. 1998 ; Davies et al. 2007 ) , and it remains an important source of food and income security among rural communities today (de Merode et al. 2004 ; Brashares et al. 2011 ) . amplifi er hosts from which spillovers to humans have been documented (Childs et al. 2007 ; Daszak et al. 2007 ) .


id: cord-286975-id5dn795
author: Carlitz, Ruth D.
title: Life Under Lockdown: Illustrating Tradeoffs in South Africa’s Response to COVID-19
date: 2020-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5101
sentence: 233
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt
txt: txt/cord-286975-id5dn795.txt
summary:
  In contrast to the United States, where partisanship has been shown to be a key determinant of mobility reductions and other efforts to contain the spread of disease (Grossman et al., 2020; Adolph et al., 2020) , party politics do not seem to feature prominently when it comes to explaining variation in mobility in South Africa. key: cord-286975-id5dn795 authors: Carlitz, Ruth D.; Makhura, Moraka N. title: Life Under Lockdown: Illustrating Tradeoffs in South Africa’s Response to COVID-19 date: 2020-08-28 journal: World Dev DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105168 sha: doc_id: 286975 cord_uid: id5dn795 This research note sheds light on the first three months of the COVID-19 outbreak in South Africa, where the virus has spread faster than anywhere else in the region.


id: cord-287247-vv0zc0gd
author: Gutman, Julie R.
title: Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19?
date: 2020-06-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4251
sentence: 161
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt
txt: txt/cord-287247-vv0zc0gd.txt
summary:
  Susceptibility to malaria in highly endemic areas differs by age: younger children are more vulnerable to malaria infections and at a higher risk for severe malaria. Importantly, malaria infections in endemic areas frequently result in chronic, afebrile disease in older children and adults.


id: cord-289312-3vehcvhc
author: Akintayo, Richard O
title: COVID-19 and African rheumatology: progress in adversity
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1173
sentence: 38
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt
txt: txt/cord-289312-3vehcvhc.txt
summary:
  key: cord-289312-3vehcvhc authors: Akintayo, Richard O; Kalla, Asgar; Adebajo, Adewale title: COVID-19 and African rheumatology: progress in adversity date: 2020-09-30 journal: Lancet Rheumatol DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(20)30347-7 sha: doc_id: 289312 cord_uid: 3vehcvhc nan The pandemic of COVID-19, the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hit Africa later than much of Asia, Europe, and North America. However, the cataclysm of COVID-19 has taught us major lessons and incited the potential for rapid growth in African rheumatology after the pandemic subsides.


id: cord-288403-m6qe57he
author: Abbas, K. M.
date: 2020-05-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7121
sentence: 309
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt
txt: txt/cord-288403-m6qe57he.txt
title:
  Benefit-risk analysis of health benefits of routine childhood immunisation against the excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa

summary:
  key: cord-288403-m6qe57he authors: Abbas, K. M.; Procter, S. R.; van Zandvoort, K.; Clark, A.; Funk, S.; LSHTM CMMID Covid-19 Working Group,; Mengistu, T.; Hogan, D.; Dansereau, E.; Jit, M.; Flasche, S. title: Benefit-risk analysis of health benefits of routine childhood immunisation against the excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa date: 2020-05-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.19.20106278 sha: doc_id: 288403 cord_uid: m6qe57he Background: National immunisation programmes globally are at risk of suspension due to the severe health system constraints and physical distancing measures in place to mitigate the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim is to compare the health benefits of sustaining routine childhood immunisation in Africa against the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infections through visiting routine vaccination service delivery points.


id: cord-264348-n551lttt
author: Balsari, Satchit
title: Climate Change, Migration, and Civil Strife
date: 2020-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7742
sentence: 277
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-264348-n551lttt.txt
txt: txt/cord-264348-n551lttt.txt
summary:
  UN Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction Human mobility in the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction Agenda for Humanity The Platform on Disaster Displacement From the Nansen initiative to the platform on disaster displacement: shaping international approaches to climate change, disasters and displacement Declaration for Refugees and Migrants Global Compact for Migration UN Refugees and Migrants Global compact on refugees: how is this different from the migrants' pact and how will it help Wet Feet Marching: climate justice and sustainable development for climate displaced nations in the South Pacific Protecting climate refugees: the case for a global protocol Confronting a rising tide: a proposal for a convention on climate change refugees Towards a convention for persons displaced by climate change: key issues and preliminary responses 6 The ethical implications of sea-level rise due to climate change Let's talk about climate migrants, Not Climate Refugees. In this article, we examine the intersection of human migration and climate change.


id: cord-291234-rozpps6v
author: Faye, C.
date: 2020-05-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6829
sentence: 276
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt
txt: txt/cord-291234-rozpps6v.txt
title:
  A DISSYMMETRY IN THE FIGURES RELATED TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE WORLD: WHAT FACTORS EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AFRICA AND THE REST OF THE WORLD?

summary:
  The objective of this study is to relate the situation of Covid-19 in African countries with those of the countries most affected by the pandemic. The objective of this study is to relate the situation of Covid-19 in African countries with those of the countries most affected by the pandemic.


id: cord-296888-z5x6zkht
author: Hailay, Abrha
date: 2020-09-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2766
sentence: 120
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt
txt: txt/cord-296888-z5x6zkht.txt
title:
  The burden, admission, and outcomes of COVID-19 among asthmatic patients in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

summary:
  Describe planned method of extracting data from reports (e.g., piloting forms, done independently, in duplicate), any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators Data items 12 List and define all variables for which data will be sought (e.g., PICO items, funding sources), any pre-planned data assumptions and simplifications Outcomes and prioritization 13 List and define all outcomes for which data will be sought, including prioritization of main and additional outcomes, with rationale Risk of bias in individual studies 14 Describe anticipated methods for assessing risk of bias of individual studies, including whether this will be done at the outcome or study level, or both; state how this information will be used in data synthesis Describe criteria under which study data will be quantitatively synthesized 15b If data are appropriate for quantitative synthesis, describe planned summary measures, methods of handling data, and methods of combining data from studies, including any Studies that have not clarified the requirements for the COVID-19 outcome level; studies that have not been conducted in humans, qualitative studies, studies that lack valid data required to determine the outcome will not be included. A tool developed by Hoy et al. for prevalence studies will be used to evaluate the likelihood of bias and quality of studies included in this review [20] .


id: cord-354972-nc496v6s
author: Margolin, Emmanuel
title: Prospects for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines in Africa
date: 2020-09-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10934
sentence: 331
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt
txt: txt/cord-354972-nc496v6s.txt
summary:
  The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: balancing virus clearance and immunopathology Virus-specific memory CD8 T cells provide substantial protection from lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Disappearance of antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus after recovery Two-year prospective study of the humoral immune response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Positive RT-PCR test results in patients recovered from COVID-19 Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Immunization with inactivated Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge Molecular mechanism for antibodydependent enhancement of coronavirus entry Medical countermeasures analysis of 2019-nCoV and vaccine risks for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) Several strategies may improve the magnitude and durability of vaccine responses in individuals infected with HIV-1, such as higher doses, booster immunizations and/or the use of adjuvants 127 .


id: cord-286548-7or373vf
author: Ayebare, Rodgers
title: Leveraging investments in Ebola preparedness for COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa
date: 2020-03-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1981
sentence: 83
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-286548-7or373vf.txt
txt: txt/cord-286548-7or373vf.txt
summary:
  Although challenges remain, African countries that have been supported for EVD preparedness in ongoing and past EVD outbreaks have capacities that can be enhanced for the COVID-19 preparedness and response. Biological differences between Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 in the mode of transmission and case presentation will limit some benefits of EVD preparedness.


id: cord-280331-iu2e14jo
author: Taboe, Hémaho B.
title: Predicting COVID-19 spread in the face of control measures in West-Africa
date: 2020-07-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6965
sentence: 266
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt
txt: txt/cord-280331-iu2e14jo.txt
summary:
  Combining two or more measures is better for disease control, e.g., if asymptomatic cases are contact traced or identified and isolated in less than 8 days, only about 29% reduction in the disease transmission rate is required for disease elimination. Thus, disease control is more difficult if it takes long to contact trace and isolate asymptomatic humans.


id: cord-287949-243xlmep
author: Onovo, A. A.
date: 2020-05-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4906
sentence: 193
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt
txt: txt/cord-287949-243xlmep.txt
title:
  Using Supervised Machine Learning and Empirical Bayesian Kriging to reveal Correlates and Patterns of COVID-19 Disease outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory Data Analysis

summary:
  Our study indicates, the doubling time in new coronavirus cases was 3 days. The trend in new coronavirus cases appears to be doubling in South Africa at every time increment compared to the other countries demonstrating an exponential trend.


id: cord-356074-kw8c2fgk
author: Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo
date: 2020-08-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1656
sentence: 62
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-356074-kw8c2fgk.txt
txt: txt/cord-356074-kw8c2fgk.txt
title:
  Translation of genomic epidemiology of infectious pathogens: Enhancing African genomics hubs for outbreaks

summary:
  key: cord-356074-kw8c2fgk authors: Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo; Omoleke, Semeeh Akinwale; Ajibola, Olumide; Manneh, Jarra; Kanteh, Abdoulie; Sesay, Abdul-Karim; Amambua-Ngwa, Alfred title: Translation of genomic epidemiology of infectious pathogens: Enhancing African genomics hubs for outbreaks date: 2020-08-13 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.08.027 sha: doc_id: 356074 cord_uid: kw8c2fgk BACKGROUND: Union rolls out Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing Rapid outbreak sequencing of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone identifies transmission chains linked to sporadic cases Strengthening Africa ' s ability to ' decode ' the coronavirus The 100,000 Genomes Project Protocol v3 Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study Nanopore sequencing as a rapidly deployable Ebola outbreak tool Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Quagmire of epidemic disease outbreaks reporting in Nigeria Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance The cost and cost trajectory of whole-genome analysis guiding treatment of patients with advanced cancers WHO ramps up preparedness for novel coronavirus in the African region WHO.


id: cord-279401-eehb5yny
author: Haffejee, Sadiyya
title: ‘When will I be free’: Lessons of COVID-19 for Child Protection in South Africa
date: 2020-09-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6644
sentence: 229
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt
txt: txt/cord-279401-eehb5yny.txt
summary:
  One of the participants aptly summarises the range of emotions she is experienced during this period, many of which were echoed by other The image (Image 3) below by Child 2 and her explanation reflects the complex relationship that children in care have with parents. Speaking of her concern for her mum, [INSERT Image 3: Child 2 articulates her concern about her mother] In their concern, children and youth in care demonstrated an awareness of the 'I also think about school, when I will go back to school also if I will repeat a grade because I don't want to repeat.'


id: cord-345662-vm5btiue
author: Walwyn, David R.
date: 2020-10-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9316
sentence: 320
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-345662-vm5btiue.txt
txt: txt/cord-345662-vm5btiue.txt
title:
  Turning points for sustainability transitions: Institutional destabilization, public finance and the techno-economic dynamics of decarbonization in South Africa

summary:
  In summary, historical institutionalism has two specific advantages when used to understand sustainability transitions, firstly its focus on meso-level institutions and policy regimes, and secondly the recognition that power struggles between political collectives or groups over scarce resources lie at the centre of politics and are critical to policy change [36, 37] . Policy changes rarely seem to take place in response to opportunities.


id: cord-291768-68xr2ycm
author: Bankole, Taofik Olatunji
date: 2020-10-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5960
sentence: 215
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt
txt: txt/cord-291768-68xr2ycm.txt
title:
  Low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African sub-region: mitigating healthcare delivery system or a matter of time?

summary:
  However, while the highest number of reported COVID-19 cases was recorded in Tn+1 (1000%), the lowest growth in the spread of the infection was reported in Tn+4 (54.1%). In fact, as of April 18, 2020, with the exception of South Africa, no country in the sub-region has yet reached 2000 reported COVID-19 cases since the outbreak in December 2019.


id: cord-335404-s48psqth
author: Mukandavire, Zindoga
date: 2020-07-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3578
sentence: 131
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt
txt: txt/cord-335404-s48psqth.txt
title:
  Quantifying early COVID-19 outbreak transmission in South Africa and exploring vaccine efficacy scenarios

summary:
  Cumulative data for COVID-19 cases reported in South Africa from the 5 th March to 11 th April 2020 is shown in S1 Table. Following a similar approach in [37] , we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) within a Bayesian framework (in R FME package [38] ) to fit the model to the cumulative data of confirmed COVID-19 cases in South Africa and estimate the magnitude of the epidemic using the basic reproductive number and quantify required vaccines' attributes to stem similar outbreaks.


id: cord-025998-1qawjquv
author: Lara, R.J.
title: Aquatic Ecosystems, Human Health, and Ecohydrology
date: 2012-03-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 27057
sentence: 993
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-025998-1qawjquv.txt
txt: txt/cord-025998-1qawjquv.txt
summary:
  Previously, the population in the basin generally lived away from the main watercourses because of the threat from water borne diseases. Main waterborne diseases, mostly affecting developing countries and relevant in terms of water management and changes in land use, such as malaria, schistosomiasis, or cholera, are discussed stressing links to the global water crisis.


id: cord-293160-v28rnvpg
author: Orunmuyi, Akintunde T
date: 2020-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4199
sentence: 190
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-293160-v28rnvpg.txt
txt: txt/cord-293160-v28rnvpg.txt
title:
  Underutilisation of nuclear medicine scans at a regional hospital in Nigeria: need for implementation research

summary:
  Patients travelled from 32 of Nigeria’s 36 states, and the majority (65%) travelled more than 100 km to obtain NM scans. Subsequently, the distance travelled to obtain NM scans was estimated.


id: cord-286139-27domp9w
author: Dramé, Moustapha
title: Coping with the COVID-19 crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: let us not leave older people behind!
date: 2020-04-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 887
sentence: 34
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-286139-27domp9w.txt
txt: txt/cord-286139-27domp9w.txt
summary:
  key: cord-286139-27domp9w authors: Dramé, Moustapha; Godaert, Lidvine; Callixte, Kuate Tegueu; Ecarnot, Fiona; Simo-Tabue, Nadine; Tabue Teguo, Maturin title: Coping with the COVID-19 crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa: let us not leave older people behind! These measures, while necessary and effective (on condition that they are properly implemented and respected), actually barely affect older people, who travel less than their younger counterparts and less frequently participate in large cultural or sports-related gatherings.


id: cord-303933-vb3hygtv
author: Elder, Laurent
title: Past, present and future: experiences and lessons from telehealth projects
date: 2007-12-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2948
sentence: 101
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt
txt: txt/cord-303933-vb3hygtv.txt
summary:
  Further goals were to disseminate health information and build a continuing medical education program. Hence the assumption is that, as access to mobile telephony and the Internet rises in Africa, so will the number of people accessing health information through these technologies.


id: cord-290347-q6r6g7ue
author: Williams, Lloyd B.
title: Impact and Trends in Global Ophthalmology
date: 2020-06-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5150
sentence: 191
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-290347-q6r6g7ue.txt
txt: txt/cord-290347-q6r6g7ue.txt
summary:
  OneHealth Tool will be adding eye care to its healthcare planning interventions in 2020 and we look forward to seeing its effectiveness in assisting eye care planning particularly in the setting of detecting and intervening early in cataract blindness. There is expected to be an increasing demand for global eye care due to an aging population, changing lifestyles (leading to increased lifestyle-related blindness (e.g., diabetes)), and population growth.


id: cord-303966-z6u3d2ec
author: Shears, P.
date: 2007-10-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3375
sentence: 115
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-303966-z6u3d2ec.txt
txt: txt/cord-303966-z6u3d2ec.txt
title:
  Poverty and infection in the developing world: Healthcare-related infections and infection control in the tropics

summary:
  From the viewpoint of hospital infection control, the concern is how hospital and healthcarerelated infections affect poorer communities of the developing world, and what can be done to begin to make a contribution to reducing the associated morbidity and mortality. A visit to a sub-Saharan African country, where I had been looking at laboratory services and hospital infection control, left two particular memories.


id: cord-275334-0689o76n
author: Amewu, Sena
title: The Economic Costs of COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from a Simulation Exercise for Ghana
date: 2020-10-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7076
sentence: 244
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt
txt: txt/cord-275334-0689o76n.txt
summary:
  For this reason, government stimulus programs and social support packages should ideally complement social distancing and economic lockdown measures. Accra: Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) Rebased 2013-2019 annual gross domestic product Ghana COVID-19 monitoring dashboard Ghana Statistical Services (GSS), Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)


id: cord-340194-ibli36rq
author: To, Kelvin K.W.
title: Ebola virus disease: a highly fatal infectious disease reemerging in West Africa
date: 2014-11-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8875
sentence: 409
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-340194-ibli36rq.txt
txt: txt/cord-340194-ibli36rq.txt
summary:
  Are bats spreading Ebola across sub-Saharan Africa? Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo The survival of filoviruses in liquids, on solid substrates and in a dynamic aerosol Ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine A case of Ebola virus infection Russian scientist dies after Ebola lab accident Viral haemorrhagic fevers in healthcare settings Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: lessons from bats and birds Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats Reston Ebolavirus antibodies in bats, the Philippines Serological evidence of ebolavirus infection in bats, China Coexistence of different genotypes in the same bat and serological characterization of Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 belonging to a novel Betacoronavirus subgroup Recent transmission of a novel alphacoronavirus, bat coronavirus HKU10, from Leschenault's rousettes to pomona leaf-nosed bats: first evidence of interspecies transmission of coronavirus between bats of different suborders Identification and complete genome analysis of three novel paramyxoviruses, Tuhoko virus 1, 2 and 3, in fruit bats from China Reston virus in domestic pigs in China Serological evidence of Ebola virus infection in Indonesian orangutans Current perspectives on the phylogeny of Filoviridae Characterization of filoviruses based on differences in structure and antigenicity of the virion glycoprotein A new Ebola virus nonstructural glycoprotein expressed through RNA editing Mutational analysis of the putative fusion domain of Ebola virus glycoprotein A new player in the puzzle of filovirus entry Ebola virus enters host cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis Small molecule inhibitors reveal Niemann-Pick C1 is essential for Ebola virus infection Structural rearrangement of ebola virus VP40 begets multiple functions in the virus life cycle Recovery of infectious Ebola virus from complementary DNA: RNA editing of the GP gene and viral cytotoxicity Identification of the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury Ebola virus glycoprotein: proteolytic processing, acylation, cell tropism, and detection of neutralizing antibodies Antigenic subversion: a novel mechanism of host immune evasion by Ebola virus Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane Ebola virus glycoproteins Evidence against Ebola virus sGP binding to human neutrophils by a specific receptor Effects of Ebola virus glycoproteins on endothelial cell activation and barrier function sGP serves as a structural protein in Ebola virus infection Molecular Basis for ebola virus VP35 Suppression of human dendritic cell maturation Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on Karyopherin alpha 5 to Selectively compete with Nuclear Import of Phosphorylated STAT1 How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system Human fatal zaire ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis Ebola haemorrhagic fever Analysis of human peripheral blood samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of Ebola (Sudan) hemorrhagic fever: cellular responses, virus load, and nitric oxide levels Pathogenesis of the viral hemorrhagic fevers Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/ macrophages is a key event Host response dynamics following lethal infection of rhesus macaques with Zaire ebolavirus Transcriptional correlates of disease outcome in anticoagulant-treated non-human primates infected with ebolavirus Ebola hemorrhagic Fever: novel biomarker correlates of clinical outcome Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Distinct patterns of IFITM-mediated restriction of filoviruses, SARS coronavirus, and influenza A virus Defective humoral responses and extensive intravascular apoptosis are associated with fatal outcome in Ebola virusinfected patients Persistent immune responses after Ebola virus infection Protective efficacy of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in a nonhuman primate model of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Delayed treatment of Ebola virus infection with plant-derived monoclonal antibodies provides protection in rhesus macaques Successful treatment of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp Therapeutic intervention of Ebola virus infection in rhesus macaques with the MB-003 monoclonal antibody cocktail Immune parameters correlate with protection against ebola virus infection in rodents and nonhuman primates Antibodies are necessary for rVSV/ZEBOV-GPmediated protection against lethal Ebola virus challenge in nonhuman primates Role of natural killer cells in innate protection against lethal ebola virus infection Induction of humoral and CD8þ T cell responses are required for protection against lethal Ebola virus infection Surfactant protein B gene polymorphism is associated with severe influenza A functional variation in CD55 increases the severity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance Late ophthalmologic manifestations in survivors of the 1995 Ebola virus epidemic in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo What Obstetrician-Gynecologists should Know about ebola: a Perspective from the centers for disease control and prevention Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome Detection of Ebola virus in oral fluid specimens during outbreaks of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of Congo UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) Limitations of the indirect immunofluorescence slide test for antibody screening in Africa Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria World Health Organization.


id: cord-269702-20sldbte
author: Nkengasong, John N
title: Response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
date: 2018-06-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2452
sentence: 94
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-269702-20sldbte.txt
txt: txt/cord-269702-20sldbte.txt
summary:
  key: cord-269702-20sldbte authors: Nkengasong, John N; Onyebujoh, Philip title: Response to the Ebola virus disease outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo date: 2018-06-14 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31326-6 sha: doc_id: 269702 cord_uid: 20sldbte nan The unfolding outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) dominated discussions at last month's World Health Assembly (WHA) in Geneva, Switzerland. On May 8, 2018, the DRC Government declared an outbreak of Ebola virus disease, initially in a remote area of the Equateur Province (figure).


id: cord-305394-wwabxlgr
author: Venter, W D Francois
title: COVID-19: First data from Africa
date: 2020-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1471
sentence: 46
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-305394-wwabxlgr.txt
txt: txt/cord-305394-wwabxlgr.txt
summary:
  Sadly, South Africa has not learnt from other African countries and their epidemics (2) . Key strengths of the paper include a dataset covering over 3 million healthcare users in the Western Cape Province, and the use of both hospitalized and nonhospitalized cases and deaths Davies' data shows similar mortality risk factors, including age, sex, diabetes (especially uncontrolled diabetes), hypertension and renal disease to other cohorts from richer countries.


id: cord-002757-upwe0cpj
author: Sullivan, Kathleen E.
date: 2017-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 24227
sentence: 1159
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-002757-upwe0cpj.txt
txt: txt/cord-002757-upwe0cpj.txt
title:
  Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies

summary:
  Importantly, after a novel PIDD has been described, subsequent reports often reveal a wider variation in associated infections and cellular findings, often without clear genotype-phenotype correlations [320] [321] Human infection, called Cat Scratch Disease, is assumed to involve inoculation of Bartonella-infected flea feces into the skin during a cat scratch.


id: cord-280030-neqycg6v
author: Sewlall, Nivesh H.
title: Clinical Features and Patient Management of Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever
date: 2014-11-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6568
sentence: 294
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-280030-neqycg6v.txt
txt: txt/cord-280030-neqycg6v.txt
summary:
  I. Clinical description and pathological findings A prospective study of the epidemiology and ecology of Lassa fever Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review An outbreak of Lassa fever on the Jos plateau Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice Lassa fever in France Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Novel Biomarker Correlates of Clinical Outcome 389: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Treatment of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers: a strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines under outbreak conditions Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock Treatment of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever with intravenous ribavirin Brief report: treatment of a laboratory-acquired Sabia virus infection Treatment of Argentine hemorrhagic fever Review of the literature and proposed guidelines for the use of oral ribavirin as postexposure prophylaxis for Lassa fever Mechanism of action and value of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of early and late acetaminophen poisoning: a critical review The effect of N-acetylcysteine on nuclear factor-kappa B activation, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in patients with sepsis The activation of factor X and prothrombin by recombinant factor VIIa in vivo is mediated by tissue factor Efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIIa for treatment of severe bleeding: a systematic review Low-dose recombinant factor VIIa for trauma patients with coagulopathy Simvastatin decreases nitric oxide overproduction and reverts the impaired vascular responsiveness induced by endotoxic shock in rats Highvolume hemofiltration as salvage therapy in severe hyperdynamic septic shock Severe hemorrhagic fever in strain 13/N guinea pigs infected with Lujo virus New opportunities for field research on the pathogenesis and treatment of Lassa fever Lassa fever in Guinea: I. Epidemiology of human disease and clinical observations Some distinctive features of LHF relative to typical Lassa fever were the abrupt disease onset (typically indolent in Lassa fever) and the presence of DIC, which is generally not considered to be part of the pathogenesis of Lassa fever, although the matter has not been extensively studied [9] .


id: cord-283812-ocfjj79v
author: Blumberg, Lucille
date: 2016-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2836
sentence: 96
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-283812-ocfjj79v.txt
txt: txt/cord-283812-ocfjj79v.txt
title:
  Hosting of mass gathering sporting events during the 2013–2016 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa: experience from three African countries

summary:
  European Football Championship Finals: planning for a health legacy Olympic and Paralympic Games: public health surveillance and epidemiology Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatherings Communicable diseases as health risks at mass gatherings other than Hajj: what is the evidence? Ebola virus diseases outbreak Rapid spread of Zika virus in the Americas-implications for public health preparedness for mass gatherings at the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games Yellow fever cases in Asia: primed for an epidemic Why is the yellow fever outbreak in Angola a 'threat to the entire world'?


id: cord-298763-u5xn392m
author: Mutala, Timothy Musila
title: Radiology practice in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 outbreak: points to consider
date: 2020-09-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3102
sentence: 146
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt
txt: txt/cord-298763-u5xn392m.txt
summary:
  Role of radiology in COVID-19: radiology plays a significant role in management of COVID-19 patients, especially chest CT and chest X-ray Therefore, it is prudent that designated imaging facilities be the ones that handle COVID-19 patients to save on this scarce resource.


id: cord-325300-wawui0fd
author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
title: 4 Communicable Diseases
date: 2000-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 31283
sentence: 1557
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt
txt: txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt
summary:
  EIS officers are assigned to state health departments, other public health units, and research centers as part of their training, carrying out epidemic investigation and special tasks in disease control. In disease control, individual immunity may also protect another individual.


id: cord-278022-sc02fyqs
author: Ogundiran, Akin
title: On COVID-19 and Matters Arising
date: 2020-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3217
sentence: 121
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt
txt: txt/cord-278022-sc02fyqs.txt
summary:
  It is noteworthy that as early as February 2020, many African countries were at the forefront of proactive actions to stem the spread of the pandemic at the very time that many countries in the global north were in denial and foot-dragging about the disease. As many as two million people in sub-Saharan Africa possibly died from the pandemic (Patterson 1983, p. 501) .


id: cord-303700-rrwy3osd
author: Neiderud, Carl-Johan
title: How urbanization affects the epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases
date: 2015-06-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7087
sentence: 295
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt
txt: txt/cord-303700-rrwy3osd.txt
summary:
  Even if it is not always the urban population who is at the front of new encounters with wildlife, it can still have an effect on urban health. The rapid influx of residents is however not universal and the developed countries are already urban, but the big rise in urban population in the next 30 years is expected to be in Asia and Africa.


id: cord-301225-h178zpb3
author: Gautret, Philippe
title: Fever in Returned Travelers
date: 2018-11-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6387
sentence: 290
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-301225-h178zpb3.txt
txt: txt/cord-301225-h178zpb3.txt
summary:
  5, 9, 10 While, overall, malaria is the most common specific infection causing systemic febrile illness, dengue fever, mononucleosis, rickettsial infections, and enteric fever are also important infections. For example, dengue fever typically has an incubation of 3-14 days.


id: cord-296816-mzd1499c
author: Huang, Yanzhong
title: China's Response to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa
date: 2017-01-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5357
sentence: 188
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-296816-mzd1499c.txt
txt: txt/cord-296816-mzd1499c.txt
summary:
  Ebola Virus Disease Time for the Reckoning The National Interest Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Federal Republic of Nigeria Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Guinea Science Insider [WWW Document East China likely to handle Ebola transfer cases, China Daily (Beijing) (accessed Renmin zhengxie bao (CPPCC News) There were also reports that by mid-October China had sent enough of the experimental anti-Ebola drug (jk-05) to West Africa to treat 10 000 people.


id: cord-277446-0e6akcjf
author: Liu, Peilong
title: China's distinctive engagement in global health
date: 2014-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6236
sentence: 294
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt
txt: txt/cord-277446-0e6akcjf.txt
summary:
  Figure 3 shows China health aid to Africa with countries shaded according to density of medical team coverage and demarcated by aided facilities and malaria control. Figure 4 shows four scatter-plots of China health aid and African trade.


id: cord-304282-om2xc4bs
author: Berhan, Yifru
title: Will Africa be Devastated by Covid-19 as Many Predicted? Perspective and Prospective
date: 2020-05-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5349
sentence: 204
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt
txt: txt/cord-304282-om2xc4bs.txt
summary:
  Therefore, as the very recently confirmed case reports showed, the assumption is that the virus carriers are already within the community, and probably in many other African countries too. The case load curves of many African countries are also waxing and waning type; a steady type of increment is not yet observed in the last 2-3 months, which is against with an exponential spread.


id: cord-304748-ddwawfv2
author: Mendelsohn, Andrea S.
date: 2020-04-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1501
sentence: 64
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-304748-ddwawfv2.txt
txt: txt/cord-304748-ddwawfv2.txt
title:
  COVID-19 and Antiretroviral Therapies: South Africa’s Charge Towards 90–90–90 in the Midst of a Second Pandemic

summary:
  AIDS Behav DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-02898-y sha: doc_id: 304748 cord_uid: ddwawfv2 nan The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred panic in South Africa, a country with the highest number of HIV patients in the world and a persistent TB epidemic. In preparation for a future swell of COVID-19 patients, the Western Cape Department of Health (WC DoH) implemented a plan to de-escalate healthcare services to reduce the spread of infection and increase capacity to accommodate COVID-19 patients [2] .


id: cord-325001-5zd6fydo
author: Sinkala, M.
title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: Predictions using the SIR Model Indicate the Cases are Falling
date: 2020-06-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1966
sentence: 83
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt
txt: txt/cord-325001-5zd6fydo.txt
summary:
  Our results also reveal that of the 51 countries with reported COVID-19 cases, only nine, including South Africa, Egypt and Ethiopia, are likely to report higher monthly COVID-19 cases in June 2020 than those reported in the previous months. This assertion remains valid even when we consider the number of reported COVID-19 cases as a per cent for each of the country's population size (Figure 4b) . .


id: cord-268716-lbxmteyn
author: Erokhin, Vasilii
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13015
sentence: 551
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt
txt: txt/cord-268716-lbxmteyn.txt
title:
  Impacts of COVID-19 on Trade and Economic Aspects of Food Security: Evidence from 45 Developing Countries

summary:
  The choice well correlates with the recommendations of Huseynov [53] , who used exchange rate, inflation rate, and food trade as variables to identify short-term and long-term effects on food security. From a mere health issue, the pandemic has turned into an economic threat to food security globally in the forms of lockdowns, economic decline, food trade restrictions, and rising food inflation.


id: cord-314489-e5r5s5ee
author: Katsidzira, Leolin
title: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Zimbabwe: Quo vadis?
date: 2020-05-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1950
sentence: 87
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-314489-e5r5s5ee.txt
txt: txt/cord-314489-e5r5s5ee.txt
summary:
  A potential source of higher than anticipated mortality from COVID-19 disease in sub-Saharan Africa is the high burden of HIV infection [5] . Thus, it is reasonable to anticipate a much lower mortality from COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to Europe and North America, where there is a much larger proportion of older people.


id: cord-302813-963ypqow
author: Tegally, H.
title: Major new lineages of SARS-CoV-2 emerge and spread in South Africa during lockdown.
date: 2020-10-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3543
sentence: 135
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-302813-963ypqow.txt
txt: txt/cord-302813-963ypqow.txt
summary:
  Our analysis therefore shows that a number of SARS-CoV-2 lineages, each with unique mutations, emerged within localized epidemics during lockdown even as the introduction of new lineages from outside South Africa was being curbed. key: cord-302813-963ypqow authors: Tegally, H.; Wilkinson, E.; Lessells, R. J.; Giandhari, J.; Pillay, S.; Msomi, N.; Mlisana, K.; Bhiman, J.; Allam, M.; Ismail, A.; Engelbrecht, S.; Van Zyl, G.; Preiser, W.; Williamson, C.; Pettruccione, F.; Sigal, A.; Gazy, I.; Hardie, D.; Hsiao, M.; Martin, D.; York, D.; Goedhals, D.; San, E. J.; Giovanetti, M.; Lourenco, J.; Alcantara, L. C. J.; de Oliveira, T. title: Major new lineages of SARS-CoV-2 emerge and spread in South Africa during lockdown.


id: cord-335191-rxypdzri
author: Umaru, Farouk A.
date: 2020-05-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 895
sentence: 38
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-335191-rxypdzri.txt
txt: txt/cord-335191-rxypdzri.txt
title:
  Scaling up testing for COVID-19 in Africa: Responding to the pandemic in ways that strengthen health systems

summary:
  While developed countries like the United States, Italy and Spain have struggled to cope with large-scale testing on multiple devices, many countries in Africa are disproportionately hit by the need for testing because of severe limitations in testing technologies. What role will manufacturers play in initiating long-term evaluation procedures for COVID-19 technologies?


id: cord-353185-aapg75af
author: Tambo, Ernest
title: The value of China-Africa health development initiatives in strengthening “One Health” strategy
date: 2019-09-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6745
sentence: 196
flesch: 19
cache: cache/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt
txt: txt/cord-353185-aapg75af.txt
summary:
  Greater commitment to strengthen local and regional operationalization of integrated disease surveillance and response, public health systems and core capacities have been documented to critically address public health emergencies, biosecurity and disaster risk across the continent. The US CDC looks forward to engaging in this partnership for many years to come to advance public health across Africa and global health security


id: cord-024078-d34e31zd
author: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel
title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan
date: 2020-04-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4351
sentence: 149
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt
txt: txt/cord-024078-d34e31zd.txt
summary:
  Institute for Research in the Social Sciences COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidelines for South Africa -draft V1. key: cord-024078-d34e31zd authors: Baldwin-Ragaven, Laurel title: Social Dimensions of COVID-19 in South Africa: A Neglected Element of the Treatment Plan date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.18772/26180197.2020.v2nsia6 sha: doc_id: 24078 cord_uid: d34e31zd nan Mandela's triumphant release from prison 30 years ago, those halcyon weeks in 2010 when we were hosts to the Soccer World Cup, or more recently Siya Kolisi's diverse team of players overcoming enormous odds to achieve a global rugby victory -the unity and transcendence of the rainbow nation largely have eluded us.


id: cord-293379-c4qdmkw5
author: Weiss, Robin A
title: HIV and AIDS: looking ahead
date: 2003
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3594
sentence: 121
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-293379-c4qdmkw5.txt
txt: txt/cord-293379-c4qdmkw5.txt
summary:
  structural and antigenic relatedness with equine infectious anaemia virus Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS HIV and AIDS: 20 years of science HIV-1 pathogenesis 20 years of therapy for HIV-1 infection Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection Multicentre study on factors determining differences in rate of spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and prevalence of HIV infection Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored The injection century: massive unsterile injections and the emergence of human pathogens Expert group stresses that unsafe sex is primary mode of HIV transmission in Epidemiology: sexual transmission of HIV in Africa Accomplishments in HIV prevention science: implications for stemming the epidemic Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis Male circumcision: current epidemiological and field evidence HIV-1 transmission, acute infection, and the quest for strategies to prevent infection Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton Multiply infected spleen cells in HIV patients Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1 Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Cultivation of visna virus in tissue culture Lentivirus tropism and pathogenesis Are RNA viruses adapting or merely changing? Evolutionary and immunological implications of contemporary HIV-1 variation Modelling viral and immune system dynamics Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains Tracing the origin and history of the HIV-2 epidemic AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 intergroup (M/O) recombination in Cameroon Nonreciprocal packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 RNA: a possible role for the p2 domain of Gag in RNA encapsidation Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1 Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein The effect of genetic variation in chemokines and their receptors on HIV transmission and progression to AIDS Global survey of genetic variation in CCR5, RANTES, and MIP-1α: impact on the epidemiology of the HIV-1 pandemic 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial Smallpox vaccination and patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Disseminated vaccinia in a military recruit with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease AIDS-related malignancies Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in herpes simplex virus type 2-seropositive persons: a meta-analysis Interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in African women: opportunities for intervention Infection with GB virus C and reduced mortality among HIV-infected patients Effect of coinfection with GB virus C on survival among patients with HIV infection HIV-1 suppression during acute scrub-typhus infection Decrease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load during acute dengue fever Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa Vaccine for AIDS and Ebola virus infection HIV and AIDS in relation to other pandemics There is much concern over the risk of reintroducing smallpox vaccination to people infected with HIV 47 because disseminated vaccinosis may ensue, as has been reported in an HIV-positive military recruit 48 . HIV HIV 6 yea 6 yea 10% 10% C C J G D Figure 2


id: cord-304610-6o3hydg6
author: Odeyemi, Festus Ayotunde
title: Gauging the laboratory responses to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in Africa
date: 2020-08-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2320
sentence: 85
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt
txt: txt/cord-304610-6o3hydg6.txt
summary:
  The critical roles of laboratory testing cannot be overemphasised in the prevention and management of infectious diseases outbreak (Bedford et al., 2020) . NCDC also developed a framework for incorporation of up to high throughput HIV molecular testing laboratories, which are capable of raising national capacity to a minimum of 5,000 tests per day (NCDC, 2020a) .


id: cord-320127-55h4hhm3
author: Mazingi, Dennis
title: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa
date: 2020-06-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2671
sentence: 100
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt
txt: txt/cord-320127-55h4hhm3.txt
summary:
  13 16 There is a risk of healthcare resources being diverted away from surgical care, potentially impeding progress towards global surgery goals for 2030. New York: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division COVID-19 preparedness within the surgical, obstetric and anesthetic ecosystem in sub Saharan Africa Correspondence from northern Italy about our experience with COVID-19 From the editors: the COVID-19 crisis and its implications for pediatric surgeons Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic Global surgery 2030: evidence and solutions for achieving health, welfare, and economic development Letter to the editor: cancellation of elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic SSZ COVID-19 Subcommittee.


id: cord-324929-yw6uqfw6
author: Amadasun, Solomon
title: Covid-19 palaver: Ending rights violations of vulnerable groups in Africa
date: 2020-06-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1159
sentence: 34
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-324929-yw6uqfw6.txt
txt: txt/cord-324929-yw6uqfw6.txt
summary:
  They are riding around the country hunting the poor and vulnerable ZADHR condemns human rights violations during lockdown Tackling Kenya's domestic violence amid COVID-19 crisis: Lockdown measures increase risks for women and girls South Africans urged to 'respect human rights' amid COVID-19 pandemic UN raises alarm about police brutality in COVID-19 lockdowns Women: COVID-19 and Ending Violence against Women and Girls GBV in emergencies: Emergency responses to public health outbreaks Children in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at Risk from Killer Measles, Cholera Epidemics: COVID-19 latest challenge facing battered health services International human rights law in Africa On their part, social work professionals-given their longstanding insistence on social justice and respect for human rights (Amadasun, 2020a) can form alliance with African Human Rights Commission to challenge human rights abuses across the continent.


id: cord-299315-s43gw24k
author: Capps, Benjamin
title: One Health, Vaccines and Ebola: The Opportunities for Shared Benefits
date: 2015-09-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10084
sentence: 384
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt
txt: txt/cord-299315-s43gw24k.txt
summary:
  We argue that, along with efforts to test Ebola vaccines in humans, existing vaccines that have been proven safe and efficacious in primates should already be deployed in order to protect both species. Currently, several types of Ebola vaccines have been proven effective and safe in primates, but none has been approved in humans yet (see below).


id: cord-309931-cpzp33b3
author: Zawawi, Ayat
title: The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on malaria elimination
date: 2020-10-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4189
sentence: 180
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt
txt: txt/cord-309931-cpzp33b3.txt
summary:
  The overuse of CQ in India might lead to a shortage of CQ and thus might increase the number of morbidity and mortality due to malaria infection during COVID-19 crisis. Severe malaria infection is usually associated with multi-organ failure in adults and respiratory distress in children, presenting what is commonly seen in COVID-19 infected patients [41] .


id: cord-286411-7sgr29xx
author: Zhou, Zibanai
title: Critical shifts in the global tourism industry: perspectives from Africa
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12279
sentence: 419
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-286411-7sgr29xx.txt
txt: txt/cord-286411-7sgr29xx.txt
summary:
  The fact that the BRICS, ageing population, terrorism and trophy hunting issues are taking root in the marketplace it is about time that emerging tourist destinations tourism starts a serious conversation to establish the implications of these dynamics on the tourism system. Key interview informants were qualified as tourism experts on the basis of their extensive working experience directly in various sub-sectors of the tourism industry at regional and international level, that is, hotels, tour operations, conventions, NTO as regional and international tourism markets, tourism attachés in charge of overseas tourism markets, tourism market development, planning and forecasting.


id: cord-312954-pnmycagi
author: Tola, Monday
date: 2020-10-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3279
sentence: 136
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-312954-pnmycagi.txt
txt: txt/cord-312954-pnmycagi.txt
title:
  Molecular detection of drug resistant polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Southwest, Nigeria

summary:
  The PfATPase6 S769 SNP we detected has been widely reported as a potential molecular marker for P. falciparum resistance to artemether Molecular surveillance of drug resistance associated mutations, especially to ACTs is particularly relevant in Africa which bears > 90% of the deaths globally.


id: cord-023168-cd7adns8
author: Thachil, Jecko
title: Haematological Diseases in the Tropics
date: 2013-10-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 30246
sentence: 1248
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt
txt: txt/cord-023168-cd7adns8.txt
summary:
  WHD/3 Information sheet for clinicians Development and evaluation of a new paediatric blood transfusion protocol for Africa Electrocardiographic ST-segment changes during acute, severe isovolemic hemodilution in humans Use of clinical judgement to guide administration of blood transfusions in Malawi Giving tranexamic acid to reduce surgical bleeding in sub-Saharan Africa: an economic evaluation Autologous transfusion techniques: a systematic review of their efficacy Intraoperative autologous blood management Artificial O2 carriers: status in 2005 Red blood cell transfusions in acute paediatrics Survival and haematological recovery of children with severe malaria transfused in accordance to WHO guidelines in Kilifi Intermittent preventive therapy for malaria with monthly artemether-lumefantrine for the post-discharge management of severe anaemia in children aged 4-59 months in southern Malawi: a multicentre, randomised, placebocontrolled trial Bacterial contamination of pediatric whole blood transfusions in a Kenyan hospital Bacterial contamination of blood and blood components in three major blood transfusion centres in Accra, Ghana Access the complete references online at www.expertconsult.com Causes and outcomes of the acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease The acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: incidence and risk factors Acute chest syndrome in sickle-cell disease Bronchoalveolar lavage in adult sickle cell patients with acute chest syndrome: value for diagnostic assessment of fat embolism Secretory phospholipase A(2) predicts impending acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease Serum C-reactive protein parallels secretory phospholipase A2 in sickle cell disease patients with vasoocclusive crisis or acute chest syndrome Cerebrovascular accidents in sickle cell disease: rates and risk factors Pathophysiology and treatment of stroke in sicklecell disease: Present and future Lesion burden and cognitive morbidity in children with sickle cell disease Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography Silent infarction as a risk factor for overt stroke in children with sickle cell anemia: A report from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease Nocturnal hypoxaemia and central-nervoussystem events in sickle-cell disease Natural history of blood pressure in sickle cell disease: Risks for stroke and death associated with relative hypertension in sickle cell anemia Prophylaxis with oral penicillin in children with sickle cell anemia.


id: cord-312759-py2d4rjq
author: Thiaw, Ibrahima
title: Archaeology of Two Pandemics and Teranga Aesthetic
date: 2020-08-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2981
sentence: 107
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt
txt: txt/cord-312759-py2d4rjq.txt
summary:
  This was reflected in many early western discourses, French in particular, about the pandemic in Africa. Building on archaeology’s multiple contributions to Africa’s past and observed practices of resilience in Senegal by ordinary people in the face of the spread of COVID-19, this essay reflects on the relevance of the archives, including the archaeological record, as usable resources for managing the problems of our times.


id: cord-326642-kc85pev4
author: Cohen, Adam L.
date: 2015-09-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4063
sentence: 153
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-326642-kc85pev4.txt
txt: txt/cord-326642-kc85pev4.txt
title:
  Parainfluenza Virus Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children and Adults Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in South Africa, 2009–2014

summary:
  A preliminary study of pneumonia etiology among hospitalized children in Kenya Severe influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infection in a high HIV-prevalence setting-South Africa Severe lower respiratory tract infections associated with human parainfluenza viruses 1-3 in children infected and non-infected with HIV type 1 An investigation into the prevalence and outcome of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit with viral respiratory tract infections in Cape Town, South Africa Respiratory viral coinfections identified by a 10-plex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness-South Africa Epidemiology of severe acute respiratory illness among adults and children aged ≥5 years in a high HIV-prevalence setting Epidemiology of viral-associated acute lower respiratory tract infection among children <5 years of age in a high HIV prevalence setting Evaluation and improvement of real-time PCR assays targeting lytA, ply, and psaA genes for detection of pneumococcal DNA Population-based incidence of severe acute respiratory virus infections among children aged <5 years in rural Bangladesh Viral etiologies of hospitalized acute lower respiratory infection patients in China Hospitalization due to human parainfluenza virus-associated lower respiratory tract illness in rural Thailand Etiology and epidemiology of viral pneumonia among hospitalized children in rural Mozambique: a malaria endemic area with high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus Incidence and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in rural Thailand Interaction between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae in severe pneumonia Association between respiratory syncytial virus activity and pneumococcal disease in infants: a time series analysis of US hospitalization data Seasonal trends of human parainfluenza viral infections: United States Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Cameroon Progress in the development of human parainfluenza virus vaccines In our second analysis, univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with HIV infection among patients with PIV-associated SARI from January 2009 to December 2014 at all SARI sites.


id: cord-329964-reoa8kcw
author: Botreau, Hélène
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 19430
sentence: 740
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-329964-reoa8kcw.txt
txt: txt/cord-329964-reoa8kcw.txt
title:
  Gender inequality and food insecurity: A dozen years after the food price crisis, rural women still bear the brunt of poverty and hunger

summary:
  It is also forecast to increase food prices, most of all in West Africa and India; people's purchasing power is expected to decline by nearly 12% in West Africa and 6.2% in India (FAO, 2018). Food prices in Nigeria have trended upwards since 2003 (Samuels et al., 2011) , reaching a peak in 2010 that negatively affected poor consumers' access to food.


id: cord-268177-byjyqisn
author: Asiedu, Edward
date: 2020-10-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10256
sentence: 402
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-268177-byjyqisn.txt
txt: txt/cord-268177-byjyqisn.txt
title:
  Aid to Africa’s agriculture towards building physical capital: Empirical evidence and implications for post-COVID-19 food insecurity

summary:
  Thus, in both regression models in Table 3 , we find a significant positive association between agricultural aid agricultural fixed capital formation. For completeness, we also examine the long-term impact of agricultural aid, One of the ways to still be on track towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of No poverty and Zero hunger in the midst of a pandemic and climate change is to aggressively increase access and use of agricultural machinery, in order to increase food production.


id: cord-311240-o0zyt2vb
author: Motayo, Babatunde Olarenwaju
title: Evolution and Genetic Diversity of SARSCoV-2 in Africa Using Whole Genome Sequences
date: 2020-07-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3104
sentence: 115
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-311240-o0zyt2vb.txt
txt: txt/cord-311240-o0zyt2vb.txt
summary:
  There has been paucity of data on the genetic evolution of SARSCoV-2 sequences from Africa, despite the increasing number of genome sequence submissions into the GISAID database from Africa; there were 97 whole genome sequences available in the GISAID database as at 24 th April 2020. Results from our analysis showed recombination signals between the AfrSARSCoV-2 sequences and reference sequences within the N and S genes.


id: cord-322244-3en3yey1
author: Nkengasong, John N
title: Looming threat of COVID-19 infection in Africa: act collectively, and fast
date: 2020-02-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1271
sentence: 43
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt
txt: txt/cord-322244-3en3yey1.txt
summary:
  Because mitigating the potential spread of COVID-19 in Africa will require rapid detection and containment, the laboratory work streams of AFTCOR, Africa CDC, and WHO are working closely to expeditiously scale up diagnostic testing capacity linked to enhanced surveillance and monitoring-eg, at the beginning of February, only two countries in Africa had the diagnostic capacity to test for COVID-19. Lastly, the capacity-building training efforts that Africa CDC and WHO are conducting must be implemented and cascaded immediately down the health system pyramid in each country.


id: cord-321240-f6qh4fva
author: Adekunle, Ibrahim Ayoade
title: Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2249
sentence: 110
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt
txt: txt/cord-321240-f6qh4fva.txt
summary:
  In Europe, Italy, with 159,516 confirmed cases and 20,465 deaths although relatively less compared to confirmed cases in Spain with 169,496 with 17,489 deaths remains the hardest hit because of their superior coronavirus reported death cases. We constructed spatial variations of clusters that examined the nexus between COVID-19 attributable deaths and confirmed cases.


id: cord-330779-mso2zfom
author: Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba
date: 2020-09-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4164
sentence: 133
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-330779-mso2zfom.txt
txt: txt/cord-330779-mso2zfom.txt
title:
  Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies?

summary:
  key: cord-330779-mso2zfom authors: Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Korboe, Harriet Mateko; Abu, Mahamuda; Kizildeniz, Tefide title: Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies? date: 2020-09-09 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142298 sha: doc_id: 330779 cord_uid: mso2zfom Governments across the globe are currently besieged with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study unearthed the likely sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems (mainly wastewater) in Africa through a holistic review of published works.


id: cord-306741-3ibprszo
author: Fitchett, Jennifer M
date: 2020-11-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6587
sentence: 208
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-306741-3ibprszo.txt
txt: txt/cord-306741-3ibprszo.txt
title:
  Exploring public awareness of the current and future malaria risk zones in South Africa under climate change: a pilot study

summary:
  Despite over-estimating the region of malaria risk, the respondents reveal an alarming lack of caution when travelling to malaria areas. The National Guidelines for the Prevention of Malaria in South Africa comprise five key components which are summarized as the ABC of malaria prevention, namely Awareness and Assessment of malaria risk, avoidance of mosquito Bites, Compliance with Chemoprophylaxis when indicated, early Detection of malaria disease, and Effective treatment (NDOH 2018a; Baker 2018; Schmidt 2019a, b) .


id: cord-309509-ftwpys3y
author: Ondoa, Pascale
title: COVID-19 testing in Africa: lessons learnt
date: 2020-07-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1108
sentence: 38
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt
txt: txt/cord-309509-ftwpys3y.txt
summary:
  To address these challenges, Africa CDC launched the Partnership to Accelerate COVID-19 Testing on request from AU heads of states, with the following key strategic areas: (1) organising all AU member states as one large customer and coordinating the continuous supply of test kits and commodities at a negotiated price and based on accurate forecast of needs; (2) decentralising COVID-19 testing through strategic planning that can guarantee laboratory quality, biosafety, and the establishment of robust sample referral systems; e104 www.thelancet.com/microbe key: cord-309509-ftwpys3y authors: Ondoa, Pascale; Kebede, Yenew; Loembe, Marguerite Massinga; Bhiman, Jinal N; Tessema, Sofonias Kifle; Sow, Abdourahmane; Sall, Amadou Alpha; Nkengasong, John title: COVID-19 testing in Africa: lessons learnt date: 2020-07-03 journal: Lancet Microbe DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(20)30068-9 sha: doc_id: 309509 cord_uid: ftwpys3y nan www.thelancet.com/microbe


id: cord-323676-sp8kys0n
author: Valensisi, Giovanni
title: COVID-19 and Global Poverty: Are LDCs Being Left Behind?
date: 2020-10-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7126
sentence: 231
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt
txt: txt/cord-323676-sp8kys0n.txt
summary:
  Focusing on the US$3.20 per day poverty line, South Asia is likely to suffer by far the largest slump, entailing a rise of nearly 4 percentage points in the headcount ratio, equivalent to 74 million additional poor, compared with what would have occurred if the pre-COVID-19 growth forecasts had materialized (Fig. 4) . Finally, our estimates suggest that the pandemic will exert a more visible and widespread impact on global poverty measures according to the US$5.50 per day poverty line.


id: cord-311601-w2jqmpww
author: Muzemil, Abdulazeez
title: African perspectives: modern complexities of emerging, re-emerging, and endemic zoonoses
date: 2018-10-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1768
sentence: 71
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-311601-w2jqmpww.txt
txt: txt/cord-311601-w2jqmpww.txt
summary:
  Some studies have also suggested that major climate change will influence water resource use, natural resources management and biodiversity, human health, food security, resettlement and infrastructure re-allocation, and desertification Recent review had indicated that endemic infections associated with antimicrobial resistance requires a particular attention because such diseases are linked with approximately 44 to 77% of all annual human deaths in Africa


id: cord-297077-p604vvbi
author: Tai, Dar‐In
date: 2017-11-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3147
sentence: 111
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-297077-p604vvbi.txt
txt: txt/cord-297077-p604vvbi.txt
title:
  A global perspective on hepatitis B‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms and evolution during human migration

summary:
  Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review of data published between Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Taiwan: studies of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum Effects of sex and generation on hepatitis B viral load in families with hepatocellular carcinoma Trained immunity in newborn infants of HBV-infected mothers Relative roles of HBsAg seroclearance and mortality in the decline of HBsAg prevalence with increasing age A genome-wide association study identifies variants in the HLA-DP locus associated with chronic hepatitis B in Asians A genome-wide association study of chronic hepatitis B identified novel risk locus in a Japanese population New loci associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Han Chinese Genome-wide association study confirming association of HLA-DP with protection against chronic hepatitis B and viral clearance in Japanese and Korean A genome-wide association study identified new variants associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B Association between HLA variations and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi Arabian patients A genome-wide association study on chronic HBV infection and its clinical progression in male Han-Taiwanese Genetic variants in five novel loci including CFB and CD40 predispose to chronic hepatitis B Association of CD40 -1C/T polymorphism in the 5 0 -untranslated region with chronic HBV infection Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C Impaired induction of interleukin 28B and expression of interferon k 4 associated with nonresponse to interferon-based therapy in chronic hepatitis C Selection on a variant associated with improved viral clearance drives local, adaptive pseudogenization of interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) Genome-wide association study reveals multiple nasopharyngeal carcinoma-associated loci within the HLA region at chromosome 6p21.3 Evaluation of human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A), other non-HLA markers on chromosome 6p21 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma The principal genetic determinants for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China involve the HLA class I antigen recognition groove Genomes Project Consortium A global reference for human genetic variation Timing the first human migration into eastern Asia Late Pleistocene climate drivers of early human migration To understand the evolution of HBV‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to correlate these SNPs with chronic HBV infection among different populations, we conducted a global perspective study on hepatitis‐related SNPs.


id: cord-305327-hayhbs5u
author: Gonzalez, Jean-Paul
title: Global Spread of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Predicting Pandemics
date: 2017-09-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10217
sentence: 383
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt
txt: txt/cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt
summary:
  The smallpox pandemic of Smallpox: 12,000 years from plagues to eradication: a dermatologic ailment shaping the face of society Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21st century SARS: an emerging global microbial threat Predicting epidemic risk from past temporal contact data Ebola control: effect of asymptomatic infection and acquired immunity Shedding of Ebola virus in an asymptomatic pregnant woman Understanding the emergence of Ebola virus disease in sierra leone: stalking the virus in the threatening wake of emergence Perspectives on West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak Aedes alpobictus and the world trade in used tires, 1988-1995: the shape of things to come? Men, primates, and germs: an ongoing affair Seewis virus: phylogeography of a Shrew-Borne hantavirus in Siberia Coevolution of rodent and viruses: arenaviruses and hantaviruses The arenavirus and rodent coevolution process: a global view of a theory Bats worldwide carry hepatitis E virus-related viruses that form a putative novel genus within the family Hepeviridae VHF such as Ebola Virus Disease, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, or Marburg virus disease are highly contagious and deadly diseases, with potential to become pandemics.


id: cord-306748-i9ndb71n
author: Kobia, Francis
title: COVID-19: Are Africa’s diagnostic challenges blunting response effectiveness?
date: 2020-04-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3221
sentence: 126
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt
txt: txt/cord-306748-i9ndb71n.txt
summary:
  COVID-19 diagnostic testing is recommended for individuals that satisfy the suspect case definition (Leitmeyer et al., 2020). Here, based on the African situation, we discuss COVID-19 diagnostic challenges and how they may blunt responses.


id: cord-321340-hwds5rja
author: Sun, H.
title: Importations of COVID-19 into African countries and risk of onward spread
date: 2020-05-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4572
sentence: 163
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-321340-hwds5rja.txt
txt: txt/cord-321340-hwds5rja.txt
summary:
  The resulting estimates were subsequently used in the simulations of the onward spread 148 of SARS-CoV-2 to get our estimates of case numbers over time. key: cord-321340-hwds5rja authors: Sun, H.; Dickens, B. L.; Cook, A. R.; Clapham, H. E. title: Importations of COVID-19 into African countries and risk of onward spread date: 2020-05-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.22.20110304 sha: doc_id: 321340 cord_uid: hwds5rja Background The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 has caused widespread transmission around the world.


id: cord-329293-jlrzu0wl
author: Ayanlade, Ayansina
date: 2020-09-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4108
sentence: 139
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt
txt: txt/cord-329293-jlrzu0wl.txt
title:
  COVID-19 and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: implications of lockdown during agricultural planting seasons

summary:
  Despite the increase in rice crop production in recent years, many SSA countries still import rice and the countries majorly earn their total foreign exchange revenue from agriculture. Vulnerability of SSA is attributed to several factors including; poor health facilities in many SSA countries and low capacity for testing, timely detection and response to COVID-19 cases 1,2 .


id: cord-309587-xc4jaw31
author: Lembo, Tiziana
title: The Feasibility of Canine Rabies Elimination in Africa: Dispelling Doubts with Data
date: 2010-02-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5989
sentence: 228
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-309587-xc4jaw31.txt
txt: txt/cord-309587-xc4jaw31.txt
summary:
  As a result, not only has dog rabies declined, but human rabies deaths have also been eliminated, or cases remain highly localized [5] . The contrast with the situation in Africa and Asia is striking; here, the incidence of dog rabies and human rabies deaths continue to escalate, and new outbreaks have been occurring in areas previously free of the disease (e.g. the islands of Flores and Bali in Indonesia -


id: cord-283756-ycjzitlk
author: Simons, Robin R. L.
title: Potential for Introduction of Bat-Borne Zoonotic Viruses into the EU: A Review
date: 2014-05-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14416
sentence: 557
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-283756-ycjzitlk.txt
txt: txt/cord-283756-ycjzitlk.txt
summary:
  As some viruses such as coronaviruses can survive for long periods in water [157] , bat guano or even dead bats transported in bilge waters of ships could, in theory, serve as route of transport of bat viruses around the world. It should also be noted that migration could pose a risk for other bat viruses which may be present on these migration routes.


id: cord-323913-v32c2vda
author: Istúriz, Raul E.
title: Global Distribution of Infectious Diseases Requiring Intensive Care
date: 2006-07-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7134
sentence: 345
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-323913-v32c2vda.txt
txt: txt/cord-323913-v32c2vda.txt
summary:
  Prostration is common in severe disease and may progress to stupor and coma. The excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza epidemics and the increased hospitalization costs are secondary to severe cases of the disease [28] .


id: cord-300605-gozt5aur
author: Tambo, Ernest
date: 2014-10-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6856
sentence: 209
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-300605-gozt5aur.txt
txt: txt/cord-300605-gozt5aur.txt
title:
  Acquired immunity and asymptomatic reservoir impact on frontline and airport ebola outbreak syndromic surveillance and response

summary:
  Technological advances in disease surveillance and detection that have benefited public health surveillance such as rapid, automated, and sensitive biosensors; portable sampling and assay systems; and DNA-based diagnostic tools remain to be adapted to track animal diseases. The different types of public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks include: (1)Early warning systems in the region, disease control policies to restrict border crossings, as well as sales and accustomed consumption of bush meats, which have been ineffective implemented and sustained in diseases or outbreak surveillance and response.


id: cord-322364-uo49h1ku
author: Button, Kenneth
title: The economics of Africa's floriculture air-cargo supply chain
date: 2020-07-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9970
sentence: 426
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-322364-uo49h1ku.txt
txt: txt/cord-322364-uo49h1ku.txt
summary:
  Fig. 1 stylizes the stages in air cargo supply chains. The success of air cargo chains, however, depend as much on the quality of surface modes serving various “last mile” access and egress functions, as well as efficient nodal interchange points and the availability of suitable airport and airline capacity.


id: cord-314205-6d5yloxp
author: Tambo, Ernest
date: 2016
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8038
sentence: 295
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-314205-6d5yloxp.txt
txt: txt/cord-314205-6d5yloxp.txt
title:
  China-Africa Health Development Initiatives: Benefits and Implications for Shaping Innovative and Evidence-informed National Health Policies and Programs in Sub-saharan African Countries

summary:
  Chinese aid and investment in Africa health development have made substantial contributions to the continent's development over the last 15 years. China health expenditure increased more than 30fold and accounted for 5.1% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2011.


id: cord-306798-f28264k3
author: Walsh, Geraldine M.
title: Blood-Borne Pathogens: A Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation Symposium
date: 2016-02-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 15316
sentence: 603
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-306798-f28264k3.txt
txt: txt/cord-306798-f28264k3.txt
summary:
  The 2003 SARS and 2014 Ebola outbreaks illustrate the potential of epidemics unlikely to be transmitted by blood transfusion but disruptive to blood systems. Dr Turner began by mentioning some milestones in the history of blood transfusion, highlighting a number of events that took place in his adopted home city of Edinburgh, Scotland.


id: cord-331714-2qj2rrgd
author: Lvov, Dimitry Konstantinovich
title: Single-Stranded RNA Viruses
date: 2015-05-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 64305
sentence: 2657
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-331714-2qj2rrgd.txt
txt: txt/cord-331714-2qj2rrgd.txt
summary:
  Influenza virus A/Anas acuta/Primorie/730/76(H3N2) isolated from wild ducks in the Maritime Territory Isolation of influenza strains identical to influenza virus A/Anglia/42/72 from semisynanthropic bird species in Rovno Province, the Ukrainian SSR Human and avian viruses of the Hong Kong series Isolation of an influenza virus from a tree sparrow and the infection rate of the virus in wild birds in the mid-Dnieper Region A new avian influenza virus from feral birds in the USSR: recombination in nature? Isolation of influenza A viruses from wild migratory waterfowl in the north of Europian part of the USSR Incidence of influenza virus infection in black-headed gulls Isolation of influenza virus with the antigenic formula Hav4 Nav2 and Hav5 Transmission of infectious pneumonia and its differentiation from swine influenza Investigations on a virus pneumonia of long duration prevalent in pigs Studies on the HVJ (Hemagglutinating virus of Japan) newly isolated from the swine Multiplication and cytopathogenic effect of the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) in swine kidney tissue culture Discussion on virus infections of the upper respiratory tract Resemblance of a strain of swine influenza virus to human A-prime strains Investigation of swine respiratory diseases in Lithuania SSR Bulletin of scientific-technical information.


# url

id: cord-016403-id6fjgye
domain: www.gatesfoundation.org
url:
  http://www.gatesfoundation.org/pressreleases/pages/child-malnutrition-microbial-cells-study-090331.aspx


id: cord-016322-dyjpfvvf
domain: www.kff.org
url:
  https://www.kff.org/globalhealth-policy/poll-finding/data-note-americans-views-on-the-u-s-role-in-global-health/


id: cord-288403-m6qe57he
domain: measlesrubellainitiative.org
url:
  https://measlesrubellainitiative.org/measles-news/more-than-117-million-children-at-risk-ofmissing-out-on-measles-vaccines-as-covid-19-surges


id: cord-325001-5zd6fydo
domain: www.mathworks.com
url:
  https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/76435-covid-19predictions-in-africa-using-the-sir-model


id: cord-329964-reoa8kcw
domain: policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk
url:
  https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/missing-out-onsmall-is-beautiful-the-eus-failure-to-deliv-er-on-policy-commitme-620288


id: cord-286548-7or373vf
domain: stoppneumonia.org
url:
  https://stoppneumonia.org/open-letter-to-leaders-of-the-global-coronavirus-response-on-access-to-medical-oxygen


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