        item: #1 of 48
          id: cord-001274-vz0qvp01
      author: Chitray, M.
       title: Genetic heterogeneity in the leader and P1-coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A and O in Africa
        date: 2013-11-13
       words: 6324
      flesch: 45
     summary: These could be grouped into three major restricted genotypes, i.e., Euro-South America, Asia and Africa, based on 1D phylogeny (this study only included FMDV A viruses from Euro-South America and Africa) Similarly, based on 1D phylogeny, type O viruses were divided into three groups: those originating from Asia, Europe-South America and the Far East
    keywords: african; disease; disease virus; fmdv; foot; isolates; mouth disease; regions; sequence; serotype; virus; viruses
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        item: #2 of 48
          id: cord-002222-rgqwm3vb
      author: Olarte-Castillo, Ximena A.
       title: Divergent Sapovirus Strains and Infection Prevalence in Wild Carnivores in the Serengeti Ecosystem: A Long-Term Study
        date: 2016-09-23
       words: 7547
      flesch: 39
     summary: Information on sapovirus infection of wildlife is limited and is currently lacking for any free-ranging wildlife species in Africa. The likelihood of sapovirus infection decreased with increasing hyena group size, suggesting an encounter reduction effect, but was independent of socially mediated ano-genital contact, or the extent of the area over which an individual roamed.
    keywords: clan; days; hyenas; individuals; infection; likelihood; prevalence; range; samples; sapovirus; serengeti; size; species; strains; study; years
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        item: #3 of 48
          id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
      author: None
       title: Section II: Poster Sessions
        date: 2017-12-01
       words: 83566
      flesch: 48
     summary: The CHIP framework drives the complex inter-relationships between community-hospital engagement, reciprocal capacity-building, integration initiatives, and community-based research and evaluation, to create an interconnected network of health care services. Those living in urban centers should have the best ava1l~b1hty, chmce, and access to a variety of health care services because of the distribution of health care services, fac1lmes, and health professionals in concentrated in urban centers.
    keywords: access; address; age; aids; analysis; approach; areas; barriers; canada; cancer; care services; care system; case; child health; children; cities; city; clients; clinic; communities; community health; community services; conclusion; conditions; current; data; demographic; depression; development; disease; drug; education; effects; environmental; ethnic; experience; factors; family; findings; focus; food; government; group; health care; health centre; health education; health information; health insurance; health issues; health needs; health outcomes; health policy; health problems; health promotion; health research; health services; health status; health survey; health system; healthcare; help; hiv; homeless; hospital; housing; immigrants; impact; income; individuals; information; interventions; interviews; introduction; issues; key; knowledge; lack; level; life; living; low; medical; methods; model; mortality; national; neighborhood; new; non; number; paper; participants; patients; people; physical; poor; population; population health; poster; poverty; prevalence; prevention; primary; process; program; project; provide; providers; public; quality; rates; relationship; research; residents; resources; results; risk; role; sample; self; sessions; sexual; social; strategies; street; street health; studies; study; substance; support; survey; system; time; toronto; treatment; urban; use; users; women; work; workers; years; youth
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        item: #4 of 48
          id: cord-002994-1zjrunzc
      author: Faye, Martin
       title: Full-Genome Characterization and Genetic Evolution of West African Isolates of Bagaza Virus
        date: 2018-04-13
       words: 11503
      flesch: 38
     summary: Furthermore, the evolutionary rates (µ) and the highest posterior densities (HPD with 95% of confidence interval) were 1.226 × 10 Evidence of BAGV adaptation to human house-keeping genes was analyzed by calculating CAI indices using complete coding polyprotein sequences of West African BAGV isolates and BAGV sequences available from Spain, in comparison to other MBFVs such as DENV, USUV, WNV, ZIKV and YFV, NKV flaviviruses (ModV and RBV) and ISFs (CxFV and AeFV). Interestingly, CAI values of West African isolates were also significantly higher than those obtained for other MBFVs well known to infect human such as USUV (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p-value < 6.796 × 10 −9 ), WNV (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p-value < 2.718 × 10 −10 ), ZIKV (Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, p-value < 1.67 × 10 −8 ) and ISFs (means CAI: 1.0015 and 1.0006 and median CAI: 1.0015 and 1.0006 for CxFV and AeFV, respectively) which showed low evidence Evidence of BAGV adaptation to human house-keeping genes was analyzed by calculating CAI indices using complete coding polyprotein sequences of West African BAGV isolates and BAGV sequences available from Spain, in comparison to other MBFVs such as DENV, USUV, WNV, ZIKV and YFV, NKV flaviviruses (ModV and RBV) and ISFs (CxFV and AeFV).
    keywords: adaptation; african; bagv; cai; codon; conserved; flaviviruses; genome; human; isolates; protein; recombination; rna; selection; sequences; sites; structural; value; virus; west
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        item: #5 of 48
          id: cord-018764-02l423mk
      author: Clark, Ian A.
       title: The molecular basis of paediatric malarial disease
        date: 2007
       words: 10015
      flesch: 31
     summary: Severe falciparum malaria is an acute systemic disease that can affect multiple organs, including those in which few parasites are found. Metabolic acidosis, often associated with hyperlactataemia, has been described in African children with severe falciparum malaria [111, 112] .
    keywords: acidosis; blood; cell; cerebral; children; cytokines; disease; factor; falciparum; human; infection; lactate; malaria; patients; plasmodium; sepsis; tnf
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        item: #6 of 48
          id: cord-021655-ojfm5rt3
      author: Langan, Jennifer N.
       title: Overview of African Wild Dog Medicine
        date: 2018-09-28
       words: 3879
      flesch: 38
     summary: Vaccination strategies to conserve the endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) Serum antibody levels before and after administration of live canine distemper vaccine to the wild dog (Lycaon pictus) Canine distemper in African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) -possibly vaccine induced Vaccine-associated canine distemper infection in a litter of African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) Comparison of oral and intramuscular recombinant canine distemper vaccination in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Humoral immune response of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) to novel canine distemper vaccines in Proceedings of the Attempts to reintroduce African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) into Etosha National Park, Namibia Single versus double dose rabies vaccination in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Immunization and antibody persistence to canine distemper and rabies vaccination in captive african wild dogs (Lycaon pictus Rabies in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti region Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) and sympatric domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Maasai Mara An investigation into the health status and diseases of wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Kruger National Park A survey of internal parasites in free-ranging African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus Distemperlike disease and encephalitozoonosis in wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) Molecular detection of Babesia rossi and Hepatozoon sp. in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) and spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia Multilobular tumor of bone in an African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) Seasonal changes in steroid hormone profiles, body weight, semen quality and the reproductive tract in captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa Naturally occurring and melengestrol acetate-associated reproductive tract lesions in zoo canids Retrospective study of mortality of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in a French zoo Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra in three captive African hunting dogs (Lycaon pictus) Control of reproduction and sex related behaviour in exotic wild carnivores with the GnRH analogue deslorelin: preliminary observations Induction of contraception in some African wild carnivores by downregulation of LH and FSH secretion using the GnRH analogue deslorelin Immobilization of wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) with a tiletamine hydrochloride/ zolazepam hydrochloride combination and subsequent evaluation of selected blood chemistry parameters Anesthesia of captive African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using a medetomidine-ketamineatropine combination Zoo animal and wildlife immobilization and anesthesia Chemical restraint and immobilization of wild canids Immobilization of freeranging African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) using a ketamine/ xylazine/atropine combination Lycaon pictus, no selection by gender, all ages combined, 2013 CD.html in ISIS Physiological Reference Intervals for Captive Wildlife: A CD-ROM Resource African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) endangered by a canine distemper epizootic among domestic dogs near the Masai Mara National Reserve Canine distemperrelated mortality among wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Chobe National Park Fatal canine distemper infection in a pack of African wild dogs in the Serengeti ecosystem Contact with domestic dogs increases pathogen exposure in endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus)
    keywords: african; animals; canine; distemper; dogs; females; lycaon; lycaon pictus; pack; pictus; pups; wild
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        item: #7 of 48
          id: cord-029480-3md13om6
      author: Meix-Cereceda, Pablo
       title: Educational Values in Human Rights Treaties: UN, European, and African International Law
        date: 2020-07-21
       words: 10800
      flesch: 46
     summary: When discussing child education and values, other considerations seem to take precedence. Secondly, some critical contestations of international cultural human rights are outlined, as well as certain arguments to justify the importance of this model.
    keywords: achpr; african; case; charter; child; court; development; education; importance; law; para; respect; rights; rights education; values
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        item: #8 of 48
          id: cord-030370-89n13hml
      author: Brown, Colin S.
       title: Ebola Virus Disease in the Obstetric Population
        date: 2019-04-11
       words: 17490
      flesch: 44
     summary: The risk of fluid overload must be balanced with the propensity of EVD patients to be fluid depleted and anuric. Given the overwhelming benefit to breastfeeding, particularly in resource-poor settings, current CDC guidelines support routine breastfeeding of the neonate born to EVD survivors, with case-by-case evaluation to neonates born to suspect or confirmed EVD patients [73] .
    keywords: african; care; case; children; delivery; disease; ebola; ebola virus; epidemic; evd; health; infection; leone; management; outbreak; patient; red; risk; screening; sierra; staff; symptoms; treatment; virus; west; zone
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        item: #9 of 48
          id: cord-031316-yvid6qps
      author: Bisimwa, Patrick N.
       title: First detection of African swine fever (ASF) virus genotype X and serogroup 7 in symptomatic pigs in the Democratic Republic of Congo
        date: 2020-09-03
       words: 5414
      flesch: 50
     summary: Phylogeographic analysis of African swine fever virus Evolution in Europe of African swine fever genotype II viruses from highly to moderately virulent Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus Pig empire under infectious threat: risk of African swine fever introduction into the People's Republic of China EMPRES Watch: African swine fever in the Caucasus Epidemiology of African swine fever in Poland since the detection of the first case African swine fever virus replication and genomics Identification of a new genotype of African swine fever virus in domestic pigs from Ethiopia Genotyping field strains of African swine fever virus by partial p72 gene characterization Genetic characterization of African swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks at the wildlife/domestic interface in Mozambique and identification of a novel genotype Comparative analysis of African swine fever virus genotypes and serogroups African swine fever virus CD2v and C-type lectin gene loci mediate serological specificity EMBOSS: the European molecular biology open software suite Antigenic diversity of African swine fever viruses Processing and localization of the African swine fever virus CD2v transmembrane protein African swine fever virus African Swine fever. Analyzing the intergenic region between I73R and I329L genes revealed that the strains were identical but contained a deletion of a 33-nucleotide internal repeat sequence compared to ASFV strain Kenya 1950.
    keywords: african; asfv; fever; genotype; kivu; p72; pigs; south; strains; study; swine; virus
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        item: #10 of 48
          id: cord-032552-rjuug7er
      author: Umviligihozo, Gisele
       title: Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists
        date: 2020-07-08
       words: 5931
      flesch: 38
     summary: However, a comparison of the early phases of the pandemic in some African and European countries has shown a positive impact of early interventions initiated by SSA countries resulting in distinct disease trajectories, For example a comparison of the infection dynamics in the United States, United Kingdom, Italy and Spain vs South Africa and Cameroon has shown a continual exponential peak in non-African countries but slow and gradual increase in both of the SSA countries 85 . There, consistent with the recent study by M. Njenga et al 3 which investigated the causes of low morbidity and low mortality of COVID-19 in African countries, we also suggest that other factors such as a warm climate, young population, pre-existing cross-reactive immunity may have considerably contributed to the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in SSA countries.
    keywords: african; countries; cov-2; covid-19; health; interventions; pandemic; response; sars; ssa; ssa countries
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        item: #11 of 48
          id: cord-102874-6z5f2gz3
      author: Barreiro, Luis B.
       title: The Heritage of Pathogen Pressures and Ancient Demography in the Human Innate-Immunity CD209/CD209L Region
        date: 2005-11-30
       words: 9870
      flesch: 39
     summary: Numerous studies have sought the genetic imprint of natural selection imposed by pathogen pressures in human genes involved in immune response or, more generally, in host-pathogen interactions (Vallender and Lahn 2004) . Geijtenbeek et al. 2000b
    keywords: african; alleles; cd209; diversity; et al; genes; human; model; neck; non; nucleotide; number; population; region; selection; sign; variation
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        item: #12 of 48
          id: cord-151532-mpv2wegm
      author: Peng, Kerui
       title: Diversity in immunogenomics: the value and the challenge
        date: 2020-10-20
       words: 2797
      flesch: 10
     summary: Therefore, increasing population diversity in immunogenomics studies can lead to improvements in a wide range of applications, including drug discovery and development, vaccine design and development. Extraction of population immunogenomics information from existing genomic datasets could be an effective strategy, as well as carefully embracing non-targeted sequencing data (eg. RNA-seq) to focus on genetic diversity of samples.
    keywords: data; diversity; human; immune; immunogenomics; populations; receptor; research; seq; sequencing
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        item: #13 of 48
          id: cord-253466-7gpije5d
      author: Netherton, Christopher
       title: A Guide to Viral Inclusions, Membrane Rearrangements, Factories, and Viroplasm Produced During Virus Replication
        date: 2007-08-31
       words: 26447
      flesch: 32
     summary: Ultrastructural studies and sequential development of virus isolated from normal and tumor tissue Acidic C terminus of vaccinia virus DNAbinding protein interacts with ribonucleotide reductase Formation of DNA replication structures in herpes virus-infected cells requires a viral DNA binding protein Comparison of the intranuclear distributions of herpes simplex virus proteins involved in various viral functions Origin-independent plasmid replication occurs in vaccinia virus cytoplasmic factories and requires all five known poxvirus replication factors MHC I-dependent antigen presentation is inhibited by poliovirus protein 3A Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity Poliovirus 3A protein limits interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and beta interferon secretion during viral infection Inhibition of cellular protein secretion by poliovirus proteins 2B and 3A Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traffic by poliovirus protein 3A: These initially appear close to the nuclear envelope, possibly at sites where the genome first enters the nucleus following capsid disassembly at nuclear pores (Everett and Murray, 2005) , and are then seen throughout the nucleus (Everett et al., 2004) .
    keywords: asfv; assembly; bodies; capsid; cells; complex; contain; cytoplasmic; dna; dna replication; early; electron; et al; expression; factories; factory; fever; formation; gene; genome; golgi; herpes; host; inclusions; infection; localization; membrane; nuclear; nucleus; poliovirus; polymerase; protein; replicase; replication; replication complex; rna; role; sites; structures; swine; type; vaccinia; vaccinia virus; vesicles; viral; virus; virus factories; virus replication; viruses
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        item: #14 of 48
          id: cord-256195-1hmzgwrw
      author: Izzy, Saef
       title: Characteristics and outcomes of Latinx patients with COVID-19 in comparison to other ethnic and racial groups
        date: 2020-09-01
       words: 4110
      flesch: 37
     summary: 15, 26 Our firsthand clinical experience with COVID-19 patients indicate that in addition to African American patients, a higher percentage of COVID-19 Latinx patients required hospitalization and critical care admission. 10, 11 Hypertension, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes are common comorbidities associated with hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.
    keywords: african; american; comorbidities; covid-19; disease; hospitalization; latinx; patients
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        item: #15 of 48
          id: cord-259852-skhoro95
      author: Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo
       title: Beyond SARS-CoV-2: Lessons That African Governments Can Apply in Preparation for Possible Future Epidemics
        date: 2020-08-18
       words: 1662
      flesch: 34
     summary: COVID-19 scientific and public health policy update Insight into 2019 novel coronavirus -an updated interim review and lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Ebola virus disease (EVD): an unprecedented major outbreak in West Africa Infectious disease outbreaks in the African region: overview of events reported to the World Health Organization Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report -26 Update on clarification of flight restriction into Nigeria due to COVID-19 pandemic Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study Quagmire of epidemic disease outbreaks reporting in Nigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. For instance, issues have emerged regarding the responsiveness of African countries in closing international borders to limit trans-continental transmission of the virus.
    keywords: countries; disease; epidemic; health; sars
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        item: #16 of 48
          id: cord-260305-pl2ditn7
      author: Nyika, Aceme
       title: The ethics of improving African traditional medical practice: Scientific or African traditional research methods?
        date: 2009-11-30
       words: 5289
      flesch: 38
     summary: Preventing emerging infectious diseases: a strategy for the 21st century International ethical guidelines for biomedical research involving human subjects Community based trials and informed consent in rural north India Zulu ritual immunisation in perspective Ethical consideration in African traditional medicine: a response to Nyika Ethical and regulatory issues surrounding African traditional medicine in the context of HIV The effect of relationships on decisionmaking process of women in Harare Bridging the gap: potential for a health care partnership between African traditional healers and biomedical personnel in South Africa How not to compare Western Scientific Medicine with African traditional medicine Intellectual property rights and traditional medicines: policy dilemmas at the interface Republic of South Africa Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine: a worldwide view Traditional Medicine Fact Sheet Number 134 Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects I am grateful to The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation for Grant ID #37350 awarded to AMANET for Building Institutional Capacities in Health Research Ethics in Africa. Whereas one school of thought supports the idea of improving medicines, be they traditional or Western, through scientific research, an opposing school of thought argues that subjecting African traditional medicines to scientific research would be tantamount to some form of colonization and imperialism.
    keywords: african; atm; countries; medical; medicines; patients; research; traditional
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        item: #17 of 48
          id: cord-266027-1xrq8cg9
      author: Barrington, Debbie S.
       title: Socioeconomic Correlates of Obesity in African-American and Caribbean-Black Men and Women
        date: 2020-07-04
       words: 5266
      flesch: 35
     summary: The association between public assistance and the increasing odds of obesity among Caribbean-Black men is consistent with a previous report showing that participation in public assistance programs increased the risk of adult obesity [30] . Paper 2: prevention of unhealthy weight gain and obesity by physical activity: an analysis of the evidence The female-male disparity in obesity prevalence among black American young adults: contributions of sociodemographic characteristics of the childhood family White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President.
    keywords: african; american; caribbean; level; men; neighborhood; obesity; sep; women
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        item: #18 of 48
          id: cord-270425-1ughypnx
      author: Louis-Jean, James
       title: Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Racial Disparities: a Perspective Analysis
        date: 2020-10-06
       words: 3738
      flesch: 46
     summary: Many African Americans infected with syphilis were promised treatment from the Public Health Department. Program Limitations in the use of race in the study of disease causation Seeking causal explanations in social epidemiology Socio-ecological stress, suppressed hostility, skin color, and black-white male blood pressure: Detroit Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 -United States Vital signs: racial disparities in age-specific mortality among blacks or African Americans -United States At the dark end of the street: black women, rape, and resistance-a new history of the civil rights movement from Rosa parks to the rise of black power From slavery to freedom: a history of African Americans Who is Homeless?
    keywords: african; americans; communities; covid-19; health; healthcare; pandemic; usa; virus
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        item: #19 of 48
          id: cord-273275-f7rbn88x
      author: Alkhatib, Ala L.
       title: BMI is Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Unit Admission in African Americans
        date: 2020-08-04
       words: 2011
      flesch: 40
     summary: This study aims to identify the risk factors for severe COVID‐19 disease in African American patients. This was a retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of African American patients with COVID‐19 treated between March 12 and April 9, 2020, at a single tertiary center.
    keywords: african; covid-19; disease; patients; risk
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        item: #20 of 48
          id: cord-273965-ma1rwkdq
      author: Omonzejele, Peter F.
       title: Preserving Bodily Integrity of Deceased Patients From the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in West Africa
        date: 2020-11-09
       words: 3077
      flesch: 56
     summary: Since this is the most probable case for escapes from isolation centres, governments in the West African region should, perhaps, engage with the WHO to seek technical expertise in the decontamination of deceased people from COVID-19 isolation centres, and then make such corpses available to their families for traditional burial rites. This is the most probable reason patients continue to escape from COVID-19 isolation centres.
    keywords: african; burial; centres; covid-19; isolation; rites; west
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        item: #21 of 48
          id: cord-276067-3io0xux2
      author: Kanmounye, Ulrick Sidney
       title: COVID-19 and Neurosurgical Education in Africa: Making lemonade from lemons
        date: 2020-05-21
       words: 712
      flesch: 49
     summary: While the post-COVID surprised and tested our health systems, post-COVID African neurosurgical education must reinvent itself and transform its potential into achievements. This unfortunate event presents an innovative opportunity for neurosurgical education in Africa.
    keywords: education; neurosurgeons
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        item: #22 of 48
          id: cord-279011-arjzx85c
      author: Ibrahimi, Sahra
       title: COVID-19 Devastation of African American Families: Impact on Mental Health and the Consequence of Systemic Racism
        date: 2020-09-16
       words: 1349
      flesch: 35
     summary: COVID-19 health and economic consequences have a detrimental effect on mental health, 2 particularly among African Americans. Systemic racism exacerbates the adverse impacts of social determinants of health, causing racial health disparities in African Americans.
    keywords: african; covid-19; health
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        item: #23 of 48
          id: cord-297103-f3jdbv47
      author: Longino, Kevin
       title: Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Kidney Disease, and COVID-19: A Call to Action
        date: 2020-07-21
       words: 1215
      flesch: 43
     summary: The NKF is also advocating to address areas of concern for people with kidney disease in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, including prioritizing kidney patients' and clinicians' access to personal protective equipment; preserving access to essential kidney-related surgical procedures (e.g., organ transplantation, vascular access); and fighting policies that discriminate against kidney patients. A Call to Action date: 2020-07-21 journal: Kidney Med DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.07.001 sha: doc_id: 297103 cord_uid: f3jdbv47 nan Kevin Longino, MBA, Holly Kramer, MD, MPH As the nation once again turns its attention to the Black Lives Matter movement, we must ask ourselves how the movement applies to our community of kidney patients and the professionals who care for them.
    keywords: disease; kidney; patients
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        item: #24 of 48
          id: cord-301856-71syce4n
      author: Domínguez-Andrés, Jorge
       title: Impact of Historic Migrations and Evolutionary Processes on Human Immunity
        date: 2019-11-27
       words: 8211
      flesch: 26
     summary: Genetic variants conferring resistance to the disease have spread through human populations over time, including several abnormal hemoglobins that protect against malaria but usually cause erythrocyte-associated diseases in the populations where these adaptations are prevalent. To assign changes in the genetic landscape of human populations to certain diseases is an extraordinary challenge.
    keywords: african; diseases; european; evolution; genes; genetic; human; immune; individuals; infection; malaria; pathogens; populations; pressure; responses; selection; variants
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        item: #25 of 48
          id: cord-304909-3wmrjlhy
      author: Wicker, L. V.
       title: Potential Pathogens Reported in Species of the Family Viverridae and Their Implications for Human and Animal Health
        date: 2016-06-30
       words: 8010
      flesch: 29
     summary: (Casanova et al., 2000; Su et al., 2013) ; and Spirometra erinaceieuropaei and Diplobothrium sp. (Colon and Patton, 2013; Su et al., 2013) ; Eimeria spp.
    keywords: animals; canine; carnivores; civet; disease; et al; health; hosts; human; organisms; palm; potential; species; spp; su et; table; transmission; virus; viverrids; wild; wildlife; zoonotic
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        item: #26 of 48
          id: cord-304935-8gcmqh4e
      author: Chiriboga, Gonzalo
       title: Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of biofuels in Ecuador
        date: 2020-06-28
       words: 6339
      flesch: 47
     summary: The scenarios vary the proportions of feedstock to estimate energy consumption through linear regression models. -S4 (50%) with energy consumption in the industrial stage equal to 13.85 MJ/kg bioethanol, which is higher than industrial plants in Argentina 11.91 MJ/kg, U.S. 11.80 MJ/ kg, and Chile 12.29 MJ/kg.
    keywords: african; analysis; biodiesel; biofuels; consumption; ecuador; energy; eroi; ethanol; oil; palm; production; return; use
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        item: #27 of 48
          id: cord-305026-t4wkv89b
      author: Treadwell, Henrie M.
       title: The Pandemic, Racism, and Health Disparities Among African American Men
        date: 2020-08-07
       words: 1533
      flesch: 40
     summary: Positively, the prospective HEROES Act (Section 30110) would allow Medicaid to cover health services in the last 30 days pre-release. key: cord-305026-t4wkv89b authors: Treadwell, Henrie M. title: The Pandemic, Racism, and Health Disparities Among African American Men date: 2020-08-07 journal: Am J Mens Health DOI: 10.1177/1557988320949379 sha: doc_id: 305026 cord_uid: t4wkv89b nan The coronavirus pandemic has amplified health disparities by race and gender, perhaps most notably among African American men.
    keywords: american; care; health; men
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        item: #28 of 48
          id: cord-305103-g0ndggwc
      author: Sood, Lakshay
       title: Being African American and Rural: A Double Jeopardy from Covid‐19
        date: 2020-05-03
       words: 1754
      flesch: 42
     summary: Furthermore, why may rural African Americans be at even greater risk than urban African Americans? Given that about a quarter of rural hospitals may shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic, 12,13 mostly in the southeast and lower Great Plains, rural African Americans will have difficulty accessing preventive and therapeutic services.
    keywords: african; americans; covid-19; health; rural
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        item: #29 of 48
          id: cord-308165-pk8d48hs
      author: Olu, Olushayo Oluseun
       title: Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic
        date: 2020-10-28
       words: 3719
      flesch: 34
     summary: In this article, we review the relevant scientific literatures on the COVID-19 pandemic, and synthesize the relevant evidence that could potentially change the game in Africa's fight against the disease; finally we propose strategic recommendations for prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission in the Africa continent specifically. WHO recommends that all laboratory confirmed cases should be isolated and managed in health facility settings but where this is not possible priority should be given to cases with the probability of poor outcomes such as those aged above 60 years and with underlying medical conditions which put them at higher risk [35] . Recommendations for COVID-19 strategy development specific for the Africa continent Putting the above scientific evidences on the characteristics and dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, prevention and control into perspective against the backdrop of the social, cultural and economic context in Africa, we deduce several lessons which could guide African countries to better prepare for and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic on the continent.
    keywords: african; control; countries; covid-19; disease; health; prevention; transmission; virus
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        item: #30 of 48
          id: cord-309327-eham6trt
      author: Lor, Aun
       title: Key Ethical Issues Discussed at CDC-Sponsored International, Regional Meetings to Explore Cultural Perspectives and Contexts on Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response
        date: 2016-05-17
       words: 7756
      flesch: 36
     summary: Meeting participants stressed that emergency plans should take into account the diversity of population, must be transparent, and favor equal distribution of resources. Although meeting participants acknowledged the importance of social distancing as a tool to limit disease transmission, they also recognized the difficulties associated with this measure.
    keywords: countries; differences; ethics; health; healthcare; influenza; issues; meetings; pandemic; participants; public; resources; response; workers
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        item: #31 of 48
          id: cord-310058-tp42rgmv
      author: Zhu, Yuan-Shou
       title: Multiplex and visual detection of African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) based on Hive-Chip and direct loop-mediated isothermal amplification
        date: 2020-10-08
       words: 5614
      flesch: 50
     summary: The current methods for ASFV detection can be generally divided into two types: 1) As a gold standard for ASFV detection in the laboratory, PCR requires thermal cycling instruments and skilled operators, which is not ideal for J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f resource-limited situations.
    keywords: african; asfv; chip; detection; fever; gene; hive; lamp; samples; swine; virus
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        item: #32 of 48
          id: cord-310315-w4rgjsbl
      author: Belhadi, Amine
       title: Infectious Waste Management Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: an Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Sustainable Technologies
        date: 2020-10-23
       words: 8484
      flesch: 38
     summary: As for infectious WW treatment alternatives, UF (WW4) is economically the best alternative, although the low job creation due to the simplicity of processes compared to the other methods. Regarding infectious SW treatment alternatives, acceptable advantage, the cond.1 in Step 5 is satisfied among line SW3 (Q 3 = 0.102) and SW1 (Q 1 = 0.498).
    keywords: alternatives; countries; covid-19; criteria; decision; disinfection; et al; evaluation; infectious; ivf; management; pandemic; study; treatment; waste; ww treatment
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        item: #33 of 48
          id: cord-311423-8yvu9xhw
      author: Betson, D. N.
       title: Disproportionate COVID-19 Related Mortality Amongst African Americans in Four Southern States in the United States
        date: 2020-06-12
       words: 1661
      flesch: 40
     summary: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20124297 doi: medRxiv preprint ACE2 polymorphisms), the emerging data strongly suggests that African American communities face an array of social and economic inequities that impact their baseline health status and access to healthcare, and is likely driving the course of the pandemic in this population 6 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20124297 doi: medRxiv preprint We have read with great interest the recent series of commentaries in CDC on disparities in hospitalization and death rates amongst African American populations compared to Caucasians 1-3 .
    keywords: african; american; covid-19
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        item: #34 of 48
          id: cord-312183-zkoj5d8c
      author: Frydman, Galit H.
       title: Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19
        date: 2020-07-24
       words: 4486
      flesch: 25
     summary: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis COVID19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Cross talk pathways between coagulation and inflammation COVID-19 and African Americans Racial differences in venous thromboembolism SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa Influenza and SARScoronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19 The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of Covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases Thrombosis and vascular inflammation in diabetes: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets Coagulation takes center stage in inflammation Contact pathway of coagulation and inflammation New insights into the role of adipose tissue in thrombosis Coagulation and inflammation in long-term cancer survivors: results from the adult population Cancer-associated thrombosis: an overview of mechanisms, risk factors, and treatment Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans Placental pathology in COVID-19 positive mothers: preliminary findings Placental pathology in COVID-19 Venous thrombosis among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients on CT angiography and relationship to D-dimer levels Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: awareness of an increased prevalence Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. key: cord-312183-zkoj5d8c authors: Frydman, Galit H.; Boyer, Edward W.; Nazarian, Rosalynn M.; Van Cott, Elizabeth M.; Piazza, Gregory title: Coagulation Status and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in African Americans: A Potential Risk Factor in COVID-19 date: 2020-07-24 journal: Clin Appl
    keywords: african; americans; coagulation; covid-19; differences; disease; patients; risk; studies; thromboembolism; thrombosis
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        item: #35 of 48
          id: cord-313574-8t5y9gqq
      author: Roy, Siddhartha
       title: Systematic Review of Interventions to Increase Stool Blood Colorectal Cancer Screening in African Americans
        date: 2020-06-24
       words: 5841
      flesch: 41
     summary: Cancer Causes and Control Increasing colon cancer screening in primary care among African Americans An intervention study to increase colorectal cancer knowledge and screening among community elders Aidassisted decision making and colorectal cancer screening: A randomized controlled trial Systematic review of mammography screening educational interventions for hispanic women in the United States Urban-rural disparities in colorectal cancer screening: Cross-sectional analysis of 1998-2005 data from the Centers for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Study FOBT completion in FQHCs: Impact of physician recommendation, FOBT information, or receipt of the FOBT kit Colorectal cancer screening among low-income African Americans in East Harlem: A theoretical approach to understanding barriers and promoters to screening Increasing colorectal cancer screening at an urban FQHC Using iFOBT and patient navigation A randomized controlled trial of the impact of targeted and tailored interventions on colorectal cancer screening A randomized trial of two print interventions to increase colon cancer screening among first-degree relatives. However, in the included studies, there were larger samples of women than men, which might partially explain these findings, as well as highlight the challenges of recruiting African American men to cancer screening studies.
    keywords: african; american; blood; cancer; colorectal; crc; increase; screening; stool; studies; study
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        item: #36 of 48
          id: cord-316209-juvmabdq
      author: Rutayisire, Erigene
       title: What works and what does not work in response to COVID-19 prevention and control in Africa
        date: 2020-06-12
       words: 2337
      flesch: 46
     summary: Since the last brief on May 26 th from Africa CDC, the number of COVID-19 cases has increased by 32% (37096 cases), this shows the burden COVID-19 could impose on African countries. If the cases continue to increase, many African countries will not be able to manage those cases; there is a need for international cooperation to reduce the burden this disease will impose on African countries.
    keywords: africa; cases; countries; covid-19; health; measures
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        item: #37 of 48
          id: cord-317640-61crnh6a
      author: Zhu, Zhaozhong
       title: Homologous recombination shapes the genetic diversity of African swine fever viruses
        date: 2019-08-10
       words: 5463
      flesch: 47
     summary: African swine fever virus multigene family 360 genes affect virus replication and generalization of infection in Ornithodoros porcinus ticks Comparison of the genome sequences of non-pathogenic and pathogenic African swine fever virus isolates Epidemiology of African swine fever virus Phylogenomic analysis of 11 complete African swine fever virus genome sequences African swine fever virus replication and genomics Poxviruses deploy genomic accordions to adapt rapidly against host antiviral defenses OrthoFinder: solving fundamental biases in whole genome comparisons dramatically improves orthogroup inference accuracy Antibody-mediated neutralization of African swine fever virus: myths and facts Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Evolution of African swine fever virus genes related to evasion of host immune response Frequent ectopic recombination of virulence factor genes in telomeric chromosome clusters of P-falciparum African swine fever virus: a review Phylogeographic analysis of African swine fever virus Molecular characterization of African swine fever virus, China Genetic Information Research Institute Human enterovirus 71 protein interaction network prompts antiviral drug repositioning Dendroscope: an interactive viewer for large phylogenetic trees MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability The intracellular proteome of African swine fever virus Clustal W and clustal X version 2.0 Simple sequence repeat variations expedite phage divergence: mechanisms of indels and gene mutations RDP: detection of recombination amongst aligned sequences Comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of African swine fever virus: proposal for a new classification and molecular dating of the virus Homologous RNA recombination in brome mosaic virus: AU-rich sequences decrease the accuracy of crossovers Genetic characterization of African swine fever virus isolates from soft ticks at the wildlife/domestic interface in Mozambique and identification of a novel genotype R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. The suids include domestic pigs and wild boars, and were reported as the natural hosts of the virus (Sanchez-Cordon et al., 2018; Costard et al., 2013) .
    keywords: asfv; elements; et al; fig; gene; genetic; genomes; indels; recombination; virus
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        item: #38 of 48
          id: cord-318593-ni84gzg5
      author: Wolf, Jayanthi
       title: Applying lessons from the Ebola vaccine experience for SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemic pathogens
        date: 2020-06-15
       words: 4095
      flesch: 32
     summary: This report outlines the main lessons learned by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA (MSD) during development of an Ebola Zaire vaccine (ERVEBO®) and looks ahead to critical lessons beyond vaccine development. These vaccine candidates were not taken into clinical development prior to the West African outbreak for several reasons, which included the inability to demonstrate clinical efficacy in the absence of an ongoing outbreak and lack of interest by the public health and vaccine development community to invest in the lengthy and costly process of vaccine development without a clear demand for an Ebola vaccine 2 .
    keywords: african; countries; data; development; ebola; health; manufacturing; outbreak; trials; vaccine
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        item: #39 of 48
          id: cord-319706-2e9jrv0s
      author: Ebinger, Joseph E.
       title: Pre-existing traits associated with Covid-19 illness severity
        date: 2020-07-23
       words: 4912
      flesch: 32
     summary: For the total sample of Covid-19 patients, we used parametric tests to compare normally distributed continuous variables and non-normally distributed or categorical variables, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In our healthcare system, greater Covid-19 illness severity is seen in patients who are older, male, African American, obese, with diabetes, and with greater overall comorbidity burden.
    keywords: age; care; covid-19; illness; intubation; male; patients; risk; severity; sex
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        item: #40 of 48
          id: cord-322649-c99lszcu
      author: Miao, Faming
       title: Rapid and Sensitive Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined With Lateral Flow Strip for Detecting African Swine Fever Virus
        date: 2019-05-15
       words: 3404
      flesch: 43
     summary: African swine fever (ASF) is a severe viral disease that manifests clinical symptoms of hemorrhagic fever caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) and can result in case fatality rates of up to 100% in domestic pigs, depending on the virus strain (Galindo and Alonso, 2017) . Highly sensitive PCR assay for routine diagnosis of African swine fever virus in clinical samples A new approach for diagnosis of bovine coronavirus using a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay Chimeric DNA/LNA-based biosensor for the rapid detection of African swine fever virus African swine fever virus: a new old enemy of Europe Molecular diagnosis of African swine fever by a new realtime PCR using universal probe library Development of cross-priming amplification for direct detection of the African swine fever virus, in pig and wild boar blood and sera samples African swine fever virus: a review Cross-priming amplification combined with immunochromatographic strip for rapid on-site detection of African swine fever virus Rapid detection of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus using recombinase polymerase amplification assays Recombinase polymerase amplification: emergence as a critical molecular technology for rapid, low-resource diagnostics Detection of African swine fever virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification Development of a TaqMan PCR assay with internal amplification control for the detection of African swine fever virus African swine fever in China Overcoming the challenges of pen-side molecular diagnosis of African swine fever to support outbreak investigations under field conditions Comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of African swine fever virus: proposal for a new classification and molecular dating of the virus On a form of swine fever occurring in British East Africa (Kenya Colony) Thirty-five-year presence of African swine fever in Sardinia: history, evolution and risk factors for disease maintenance Virological diagnosis of African swine fever-comparative study of available tests African swine fever virus biology and vaccine approaches Challenges for African swine fever vaccine developmentperhaps the end of the beginning African swine fever virus isolate, Georgia Development of a novel lateral flow assay for detection of African swine fever in blood On the situation of African swine fever and the biological characterization of recent virus isolates Rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus using reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick A recombinase polymerase amplification-based assay for rapid detection of African swine fever virus Polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (PCLSR) for detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in pigs and wild boars Development and application of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) for detection and investigation of African swine fever virus Development and evaluation of a rapid and sensitive EBOV-RPA test for rapid diagnosis of ebola virus disease Emergence of African swine fever in China Preclinical diagnosis of African swine fever in contact-exposed swine by a real-time PCR assay
    keywords: asfv; assay; detection; fever; rpa; swine; virus
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        item: #41 of 48
          id: cord-323966-vj9za3cx
      author: Collier, Karole T.
       title: COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race
        date: 2020-05-20
       words: 1380
      flesch: 46
     summary: In this moment, our response to African American COVID disparities is critical and signifies our call to action for all vulnerable populations affected. Looking back to the not so distant past, the AIDS epidemic gave us a clear framework of this relationship and the lasting consequences of novel epidemics to African American health.
    keywords: covid-19; disparities; health; race
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        item: #42 of 48
          id: cord-326027-58whwspe
      author: Hernaez, Bruno
       title: Visualization of the African swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera
        date: 2006-06-20
       words: 7955
      flesch: 38
     summary: African swine fever virus protein p54 interacts with the microtubular motor complex through direct binding to light-chain dynein Assembly of African swine fever virus: role of polyprotein pp220 African swine fever virus is enveloped by a two-membraned collapsed cisterna derived from the endoplasmic reticulum African swine fever virus protease, a new viral member of the SUMO-1-specific protease family Repression of African swine fever virus polyprotein pp220-encoding gene leads to the assembly of icosahedral core-less particles Electron microscopic observation of African swine fever virus development in Vero cells Characterization of African swine fever virion proteins j5R and j13L: immunolocalization in virus particles and assembly sites Design and construction of African swine fever virus chimeras incorporating foreign viral epitopes Purification and properties of African swine fever virus Vaccinia virus cores are transported on microtubules Association of African swine fever virus with the cytoskeleton The major structural protein of African swine fever virus, p73, is packaged into large structures, indicative of viral capsid or matrix precursors, on the endoplasmic reticulum African swine fever virus interaction with microtubules The preparation of orthopoxvirus DNA Two-dimensional analysis of African swine fever virus proteins and proteins induced in infected cells Tracking fluorescence-labeled rabies virus: enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged phosphoprotein P supports virus gene expression and formation of infectious particles Inducible gene expression from African swine fever virus recombinants: analysis of the major capsid protein p72 Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein Microtubule-independent motility and nuclear targeting of adenoviruses with fluorescently labeled genomes Improvement of African swine fever virus neutralization assay using recombinant viruses expressing chromogenic marker genes Aggresomes resemble sites specialized for virus assembly The African swine fever virus dynein-binding protein p54 induces infected cell apoptosis Switching on and off the cell death cascade: Total cell lysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and the kinetics of synthesis of virus proteins were assessed (Fig. 3a ).
    keywords: asfv; assembly; b54gfp-2; cells; egfp; et al; fever; infection; p54; particles; protein; swine; virus
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        item: #43 of 48
          id: cord-331058-ou6vqp7n
      author: Chireh, Batholomew
       title: Leveraging best practices: protecting sub-Saharan African prison detainees amid COVID-19
        date: 2020-06-24
       words: 1650
      flesch: 48
     summary: Similar conditions are common and conducive for COVID-19 spread in most African prisons given the poor infrastructure of prisons in the region. Health data from African prisons differed by regional blocks.
    keywords: covid-19; health; prisoners; prisons
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        item: #44 of 48
          id: cord-342588-berrojmq
      author: Burri, Christian
       title: Sleeping Sickness at the Crossroads
        date: 2020-04-08
       words: 5882
      flesch: 42
     summary: The need for a lumbar puncture was, for over 50 years, a characteristic of HAT treatment, a source of patient distress, stigma and technical limitation of treatment. The changes and significant impact on funding were later summarized in the landmark publication the new landscape of neglected disease drug development [12] .
    keywords: african; control; development; disease; drug; elimination; gambiense; hat; patients; sickness; treatment; trypanosomiasis
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        item: #45 of 48
          id: cord-343962-12t247bn
      author: Cori, Anne
       title: Key data for outbreak evaluation: building on the Ebola experience
        date: 2017-05-26
       words: 9871
      flesch: 36
     summary: In particular, it is critical to know the proportion of cases for whom clinical outcome is unknown or has not been recorded, which is typically easier to assess using detailed case data rather than aggregated case counts However, the decentralization of the response meant that intervention data were not systematically reported or collated and these data were not shared widely with the research community.
    keywords: african; analyses; case; data; disease; ebola; ebola epidemic; epidemic; health; impact; information; interventions; outbreak; population; time; transmission; west
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        item: #46 of 48
          id: cord-349786-12lc3342
      author: Acquah, Samuel
       title: Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic on Evolution of Diabetes in Malaria-Endemic African Region
        date: 2020-10-08
       words: 3437
      flesch: 37
     summary: This is premised upon mild inflammation associated with mild cases of COVID-19 infection, which can cause insulin resistance and increase the risk for development of T2DM. Use of ACE2 by the COVID-19 virus induces inflammation and oxidative stress, which can lead to insulin resistance.
    keywords: angiotensin; covid-19; diabetes; insulin; malaria; pandemic; region; resistance
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        item: #47 of 48
          id: cord-352670-21r0cwsc
      author: Muyingo, Rajab Idd
       title: Coronavirus in the era of digital connectivity: Opportunities and challenges
        date: 2020-08-02
       words: 665
      flesch: 31
     summary: We conclude that digital connectedness enabled African countries to access; share and implement globally suggested mechanisms aimed at controlling the spread of the COVID‐19 epidemic. We conclude that digital connectedness enabled African countries to access; share and implement globally suggested mechanisms aimed at controlling the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic.
    keywords: african; connectedness; coronavirus
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        item: #48 of 48
          id: cord-355737-o0y4rn0z
      author: Ng, Melinda
       title: Filovirus receptor NPC1 contributes to species-specific patterns of ebolavirus susceptibility in bats
        date: 2015-12-23
       words: 8969
      flesch: 40
     summary: Rather, we used a diverse set of bat NPC1 sequences, only one of which is from African straw-colored fruit bats, to show that a number of codons, including residue 502, have evolved under recurrent positive selection. In this study, we uncover a pattern of virus and host species specificity in the filovirus susceptibility of bat cells, which can be explained by eLife digest Ebola virus and other filoviruses can cause devastating diseases in humans and other apes.
    keywords: bats; binding; cells; data; domain; ebola; ebov; ehnpc1; entry; et al; figure; filovirus; fruit; fruit bat; host; human; infection; npc1; receptor; sequence; species; straw; virus
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