# bib

id: cord-279175-2j1mmoht
author: Des Jarlais, Don C.
title: Social Factors Associated with AIDS and SARS
date: 2005-11-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1262
sentence: 61
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-279175-2j1mmoht.txt
txt: txt/cord-279175-2j1mmoht.txt
summary:
  The stigmatization of persons with or at risk for AIDS has persisted despite public information about the disease (4). P ublic reaction to emerging infectious diseases is a critical factor in controlling the diseases.


id: cord-284128-3obc5k5u
author: Ahmed, Ali
title: Concerns of HIV-positive migrant workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action
date: 2020-09-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1455
sentence: 56
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-284128-3obc5k5u.txt
txt: txt/cord-284128-3obc5k5u.txt
summary:
  Some countries, such as Thailand and Spain have ensured equal access to health care for all legal and illegal WHO need to issue advisory to all the countries for timely access of antiretroviral therapy to HIV positive migrants regardless of their legal status. Studies conducted in Australia and Europe respectively show that migrants are behind in fulfilling the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target (a strategy where 90% of HIV patients should be aware of their HIV status, receive sustained antiretroviral therapy and achieve viral suppression by the year 2020) and more prone to being lost to follow-up ART treatment when compared to non-migrant population [11, 12] .


id: cord-275880-d53xe5oh
author: Halepas, Steven
title: A Pinch of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure: Proactive Dentistry in the Wake of COVID-19.
date: 2020-04-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1296
sentence: 71
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt
txt: txt/cord-275880-d53xe5oh.txt
summary:
  Concentrating on emergency dental care will allow us to care for our emergency patients and alleviate the burden that dental emergencies would place on hospital emergency departments. If a patient is suspected to have COVID-19 and emergency dental care is indicated, it is recommended to perform the dental treatment in a negative pressure room or airborne infection isolation room.


id: cord-332396-nattdect
author: Ejima, K.
date: 2020-10-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3636
sentence: 153
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-332396-nattdect.txt
txt: txt/cord-332396-nattdect.txt
title:
  HIV testing by public health centers and municipalities, and new HIV cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

summary:
  The number of HIV tests (9,584 vs. 35,908 in the year-before period) and consultations (11,689 vs. 32,565) performed by public health centers significantly declined in the second quarter of 2020, while the proportion of HIV cases with AIDS diagnosis among all HIV cases (36.2% vs. 26.4%) significantly increased after removing the trend and seasonality effects. Evidence before this study 25 Before this study, we searched PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar on Oct 12, 2020, for articles 26 investigated the number of HIV test and HIV cases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, using the 27 search terms novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2, and HIV or AIDS, and Japan, with no time 28 restrictions.


id: cord-301506-q2a5aogo
author: Sun, Xinhua
title: Evolution of information-driven HIV/AIDS policies in China
date: 2010-12-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3942
sentence: 178
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-301506-q2a5aogo.txt
txt: txt/cord-301506-q2a5aogo.txt
summary:
  We also discuss gaps in policy implementation, and challenges ahead as China continues its efforts to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care services. Secondly, China's 'Four Frees and One Care' policy to increase access to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) was announced in late 2003 and had greatly facilitated implementation of HIV prevention, treatment and care and support.


id: cord-341503-3cvtoc2j
author: Jaiswal, J.
date: 2020-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2556
sentence: 87
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt
txt: txt/cord-341503-3cvtoc2j.txt
title:
  Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism

summary:
  USA Today Tuskegee always looms in our minds: some fear black Americans, hardest hit by coronavirus, may not get vaccine Study: nearly a third of Americans believe a conspiracy theory about the origins of the coronavirus Medical apartheid: the dark history of medical experimentation on black Americans from colonial times to the present Ubiquitous yet unclear: a systematic review of medical mistrust Medical mistrust and PrEP perceptions among transgender women: a cluster analysis The association of cultural and structural factors with perceived medical mistrust among young adult Latinos in rural Oregon Medical mistrust, racism, and delays in preventive health screening among African-American men Does discrimination breed mistrust? Much of the evidence needed to fully inform clinical and public health responses is not yet available, making COVID-19 uniquely vulnerable to a proliferation of disinformation, misinformation, and medical mistrust, including what are often called conspiracy beliefs [6, 7] .


id: cord-322581-v96k4yxg
author: Mockiene, Vida
date: 2011-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4351
sentence: 175
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-322581-v96k4yxg.txt
txt: txt/cord-322581-v96k4yxg.txt
title:
  Nurses' willingness to take care of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) — does a teaching intervention make a difference?

summary:
  However, little research has focused on adapting the education interventions to target new behaviours associated with HIV, such as increasing nurses' engagement in HIV health care and supportive services. It is therefore important to focus on improving nurse education, and basic educational support should be a priority for those working with PLHIV.


id: cord-300467-zht8olyh
author: Nkengasong, John N.
title: Laboratory Systems and Services Are Critical in Global Health: Time to End the Neglect?
date: 2010-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3070
sentence: 93
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-300467-zht8olyh.txt
txt: txt/cord-300467-zht8olyh.txt
summary:
  The Maputo Declaration on strengthening of laboratory systems Critical role of developing national laboratory strategic plans as a guide to strengthen laboratory health systems in resource-poor settings Outbreak news: avian influenza Responding to the global human resources crisis Public-private partnerships to build human capacity in low income countries: findings from the Pfizer program The United States President's emergency plan for AIDS relief: BD and PEPFAR collaborate to strengthen laboratory systems in fight against HIV/AIDS and TB Corporate volunteerism as a pilot approach to strengthening laboratory infrastructures in Mbeya region Abstract MoPeG4165 International health partnership: a welcome initiative Health in Africa Fund holds first close on $57m United States. Laboratory plans should also be considered a key component of implementing the WHO IHR, which is a legally binding agreement of all member states of WHO to help the international community ❚Figure 1❚ Core cross-cutting elements of laboratory health systems that should be strengthened to support multiple diseases of public health importance.


id: cord-312194-1jiaghrb
author: Brondani, M.
title: The HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Parallel in Dentistry from the Perspectives of the Oral Health Care Team
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4770
sentence: 165
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt
txt: txt/cord-312194-1jiaghrb.txt
summary:
  Future studies should include oral health care providers across Canada, as well as the patients receiving oral health care during this pandemic. M. Brondani, contributed to conception, design, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation, drafted and critically revised the manuscript; L. Donnelly, contributed to data analysis and interpretation, critically revised the manuscript. Future studies should include other providers across Canada, as well the patients receiving oral health care during this pandemic.


id: cord-264699-l8db5gll
author: Kino, Tomoshige
title: Virus-mediated modulation of the host endocrine signaling systems: clinical implications
date: 2007-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4737
sentence: 177
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-264699-l8db5gll.txt
txt: txt/cord-264699-l8db5gll.txt
summary:
  By contrast, ACE2 [53] converts ANG I and ANG II into angiotensin (1-9) and angiotensin (1-7), respectively lymphoma independent of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 tax expression Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy Metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy Metabolic disorders among HIV-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors: a review HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome? Endocrine and metabolic evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with evidence of protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: evidence for direct stimulatory effect of glucocorticoid on cell proliferation Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Vpr induces transcription of the HIV-1 and glucocorticoid-responsive promoters by binding directly to p300/CBP coactivators The HIV-1 virion-associated protein vpr is a coactivator of the human glucocorticoid receptor HIV-1 protein Vpr suppresses IL-12 production from human monocytes by enhancing glucocorticoid action: potential implications of Vpr coactivator activity for the innate and cellular immunity deficits observed in HIV-1 infection CBP/ A different view of smallpox and vaccination HIV/AIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor Immunology of viral infections Molecular mimicry and immune-mediated diseases The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation Effectiveness of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome: the right drug, the right way? Immune modulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection Adenovirus E1A: remodelling the host cell, a life or death experience AIDS-related lipodystrophy/insulin resistance syndrome Hypercalcemia, parathyroid hormone-related protein expression and human T-cell leukemia virus infection HIV gp120 inhibits the somatotropic axis: a possible GH-releasing hormone receptor mechanism for the pathogenesis of AIDS wasting Perturbation of in vitro HIV pathogenic effects by peptides showing sequence similarities with the C2 conserved domain of gp120 Vasoactive intestinal peptide 1-12: a ligand for the CD4 (T4)/human immunodeficiency virus receptor Nucleotide and amino acid homology between the human thyrotropin receptor and the HIV-1 Nef protein: identification and functional analysis Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid resistance/hypersensitivity syndromes Constitutive expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein gene in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers and adult T cell leukemia patients that can be transactivated by HTLV-1 tax gene Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide, and their receptors Molecular mechanisms of cellular transformation by HTLV-1 Tax Interaction of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax, Ets1, and Sp1 in transactivation of the PTHrP P2 promoter Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy: severe combined immunodeficient/beige mouse model of adult T-cell ACE converts angiotensin I (ANG I) into ANG II, which acts as a vasopressor and a mitogen for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts through the angiotensin 1 (AT1) receptor.


id: cord-270726-w59fu9c9
author: Dikman, Andrew E.
date: 2015-03-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5195
sentence: 243
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-270726-w59fu9c9.txt
txt: txt/cord-270726-w59fu9c9.txt
title:
  Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Diarrhea: Still an Issue in the Era of Antiretroviral Therapy

summary:
  The etiology of noninfectious diarrhea in patients with HIV is multifactorial and includes ART-associated diarrhea and gastrointestinal damage related to HIV infection (i.e., HIV enteropathy). The GI tract is targeted during all phases of HIV infection, but the effects of HIV on the mucosal immune system are most apparent in the acute infection period.


id: cord-309489-ubf55eux
author: Carvalho, John J.
date: 2009-02-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5292
sentence: 164
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-309489-ubf55eux.txt
txt: txt/cord-309489-ubf55eux.txt
title:
  OUR COMMON ENEMY: COMBATTING THE WORLD'S DEADLIEST VIRUSES TO ENSURE EQUITY HEALTH CARE IN DEVELOPING NATIONS

summary:
  Although HIV/AIDS is considered the most pressing worldwide concern for scientists, dengue virus is also alarming. Given the possibility for severe disease in infected individuals and the ease by which dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes, the spread of dengue virus could be considered one of the most dangerous emerging threats facing the world.


id: cord-300793-tuq8z6gm
author: Weiss, Robin A
title: Social and environmental risk factors in the emergence of infectious diseases
date: 2004
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5855
sentence: 213
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-300793-tuq8z6gm.txt
txt: txt/cord-300793-tuq8z6gm.txt
summary:
  A better understanding of the evolving social dynamics of emerging infectious diseases ought to help us to anticipate and hopefully ameliorate current and future risks. Emerging infectious diseases in humans comprise the following: first, established diseases undergoing increased incidence or geographic spread, for example, Tuberculosis and Dengue fever; second, newly discovered infections causing known diseases, for example, hepatitis C and Helicobacter pylori; and third, newly emerged diseases, for example, HIV/AIDS and SARS.


id: cord-308467-fzq5t31x
author: Kern, P.
date: 1985
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2311
sentence: 97
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-308467-fzq5t31x.txt
txt: txt/cord-308467-fzq5t31x.txt
title:
  Detection of coronavirus-like particles in homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency and related lymphadenopathy syndrome

summary:
  Detailed clinical, parasitological, serological and immunologic data were available from 35 homosexually or bisexually active males originating from Germany and from one African male whose feces were screened for the presence of virus particles. The specimens were negative stained with sodium-silico-tungstate and screened for the presence of virus particles using a Philips EM 301 elecrron microscope.


id: cord-297257-lzybfwc2
author: Savarino, Andrea
title: Chloroquine and beyond: exploring anti-rheumatic drugs to reduce immune hyperactivation in HIV/AIDS
date: 2015-06-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4916
sentence: 186
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-297257-lzybfwc2.txt
txt: txt/cord-297257-lzybfwc2.txt
summary:
  Not surprisingly for a drug effective against an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, auranofin may as well be beneficial in terms of reduction of cell activation. The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group Increased numbers of primed activated CD8+ CD38+ CD45RO+ T cells predict the decline of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients T cell activation is associated with lower CD4+ T cell gains in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with sustained viral suppression during antiretroviral therapy Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy Immune activation and HIV persistence: considerations for novel therapeutic interventions Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases?


id: cord-274061-ynqxgyw6
author: Epstein, Jay S.
title: Blood system changes since recognition of transfusion‐associated AIDS
date: 2013-10-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6257
sentence: 205
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-274061-ynqxgyw6.txt
txt: txt/cord-274061-ynqxgyw6.txt
summary:
  Improving Blood Safety and Supply in the U.S The efficiency of HIV p24 antigen screening of US blood donors: projections versus reality Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection from blood donors who later developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by blood transfusions before the implementation of HIV-1 antibody screening Guidelines for counseling persons with human T-lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) and Type II (HTLV-II) Jaundice occurring one to four months after transfusion of blood or plasma: report of seven cases A serologic follow-up of the 1942 epidemic of post-vaccination hepatitis in the United States Army A new antigen in leukemia sera Australia antigen and acute viral hepatitis Immunologic distinction between infectious and serum hepatitis Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection Posttransfusion hepatitis after open-heart operations Serum hepatitis from transfusions of blood Posttransfusion hepatitis after exclusion of the commercial and hepatitis B antigen positive donor Hepatitis A: detection by immune electron microscopy of a virus-like antigen associated with acute illness Transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis: physiochemical properties of two distinct agents Inactivation of hepatitis B virus and non-A, non-B virus by chloroform Determining the size of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus by filtration The chronic sequelae of non-A, non-B hepatitis Serum alanine aminotransferase of donors in relation to the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis in recipients: the transfusion-transmitted virus study The relationship of donor transaminase (ALT) to recipient hepatitis: impact on blood transfusion services Hepatitis C virus and eliminating post-transfusion hepatitis Hepatitis B virus antibody in blood donors and the occurrence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in transfusion recipients: an analysis of the Transfusion-Transmitted Virus Study Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen as a paradoxical marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis agents in donated blood Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of non-A, non-B hepatitis Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and update on West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusions West Nile Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002 As West Nile virus season heats up, blood safety testing lags behind West Nile virus among blood donors in the United States Screening the blood supply for West Nile virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing Triggers for switching from minipool testing by nucleic acid technology to individual-donation nucleic acid testing for West Nile virus: analysis of 2003 data to inform 2004 decision making Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Estimation of epidemic size and incubation time based on age characteristics of vCJD in the United Kingdom Uncertainty due to model choice in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease projections Guidance for industry: revised preventive measures to reduce the possible risk of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) by blood and blood products Transfusion transmission of human prion diseases Transfusion-associated Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: implications for transfusion medicine in the United States Guidance for industry: use of serological tests to reduce the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in whole blood and blood components intended for transfusion Trypanosoma cruzi in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors: impact of evolving donor demographics on seroprevalence and implications for transfusion transmission Epidemiological and laboratory findings from 3 years of testing United States blood donors for Trypanosoma cruzi The United States Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Study: evidence for vector-borne transmission of the parasite that causes Chagas disease among United States blood donors Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management.


id: cord-355635-fan0sf48
author: Thacker, Stephen B.
date: 2011-12-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6499
sentence: 253
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-355635-fan0sf48.txt
txt: txt/cord-355635-fan0sf48.txt
title:
  Epidemic Assistance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Role of the Epidemic Intelligence Service, 1946–2005

summary:
  They reviewed Epi-Aid reports and EIS Bulletins, contacted current and former Epidemic Intelligence Service staff, and systematically searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Although the CDC (now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) works with health agencies throughout the world in multiple ways, the term Epi-Aid refers to investigations of serious and urgent public health problems in response to formal requests for rapid assistance from states, federal agencies (e.g., the Indian Health Service, the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, and the US Department of Defense), international organizations (e.g., the World Health Organization), and ministries of health from other countries.


id: cord-332856-96z48gpg
author: Ruocco, Eleonora
date: 2013-06-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6878
sentence: 233
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-332856-96z48gpg.txt
txt: txt/cord-332856-96z48gpg.txt
title:
  Kaposi’s sarcoma: Etiology and pathogenesis, inducing factors, causal associations, and treatments: Facts and controversies

summary:
  Subsequently, HHV-8 has been documented in more than 95% of KS patients of all four types of KS. 13 HHV-8, found in saliva and semen, may spread through contact with saliva and kissing, as well as sexual activity, similarly to what occurs with other herpesviruses. 113 Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), constitutively overexpressed in KS cells, are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in the degradation of collagen IV, the major component of basement membranes, that facilitate tumor invasion and metastases.


id: cord-294441-nehorqhi
author: O’Brien, Stephen J.
title: Plagues and adaptation: Lessons from the Felidae models for SARS and AIDS
date: 2006-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6772
sentence: 228
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-294441-nehorqhi.txt
txt: txt/cord-294441-nehorqhi.txt
summary:
  Recognition that FIV causes AIDS-like disease in domestic cat and that this is a natural model for HIV in humans, has led to extensive surveillance of FIV in other species (Biek et al., 2006; Biek et al., 2003; Carpenter et al., 1996; Carpenter and O'Brien, 1995; Olmsted et al., 1992; Troyer et al., 2004; Troyer et al., 2005) , an essential step in determining the genetic diversity of the pathogen. Western blot screening of antibodies against FIV in free-ranging non-domestic cat species (Fig. 4) revealed that several were exposed to the virus (Carpenter and O'Brien, 1995; Olmsted et al., 1989; Olmsted et al., 1992; Troyer et al., 2005) .


id: cord-258792-4lakgpxp
author: Yoon, Sung‐Won
date: 2008-04-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7935
sentence: 283
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt
txt: txt/cord-258792-4lakgpxp.txt
title:
  Sovereign Dignity, Nationalism and the Health of a Nation: A Study of China's Response in Combat of Epidemics

summary:
  The official narrative of modern China is generally a tragic tale of its fall from being the 'centre of the Universe' beginning with the Opium Wars, to the incursion of Western powers into imperial China, to the grand finale of the invasion of China by the Japanese. This sort of mentality belies a negotiated basis of existence behind the modern Chinese nation -as if to say that there are no problems that modern China cannot handle or solve.


id: cord-316904-g7dli0a8
author: Chang, Hernan R.
title: Role of cytokines in AIDS wasting
date: 1998-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8304
sentence: 303
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-316904-g7dli0a8.txt
txt: txt/cord-316904-g7dli0a8.txt
summary:
  However, subsequent studies failed to show high-serum TNF levels in most AIDS patients, and no correlation appeared to exist between serum TNF levels and the magnitude of weight loss in AIDS patients. In AIDS patients with anorexia and weight loss, conversion of thyroxine to T3 is decreased (euthyroid sick syndrome) as well as the levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), whereas in stable HIV patients T3 levels are normal.


id: cord-259846-oxbmtend
author: Naik, Parvaiz Ahmad
date: 2020-06-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8471
sentence: 377
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-259846-oxbmtend.txt
txt: txt/cord-259846-oxbmtend.txt
title:
  Global dynamics of a fractional order model for the transmission of HIV epidemic with optimal control

summary:
  [34] provided a class of fractional order differential models of biological systems with memory, such as dynamics of tumor-immune system and dynamics of HIV infection of CD4 + T cells. The purpose of dealing with fractional order systems is the memory and hereditary properties which are the complex behav-ioral patterns of biological systems gives us more realistic way to model HIV/AIDS systems.


id: cord-104491-uu2rbtem
author: Andiman, Warren A.
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8103
sentence: 372
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-104491-uu2rbtem.txt
txt: txt/cord-104491-uu2rbtem.txt
title:
  Where Have All the “AIDS Babies” Gone? A Historical Memoir of the Pediatric AIDS Epidemic in New Haven and its Eventual Eradication

summary:
  Despite these gains, our pre-eminent wish remained unshaken, i.e. to eradicate MTCT of HIV, a goal that would prevent the life-long morbidities and suffering that accompany pediatric HIV infection and its attendant limitations and stigma. HIV care and obstetric care were linked.


id: cord-332610-t99l3zii
author: Mayer, J.D.
title: Emerging Diseases: Overview
date: 2008-08-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9597
sentence: 424
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-332610-t99l3zii.txt
txt: txt/cord-332610-t99l3zii.txt
summary:
  However, it is impossible to say when the terms 'emerging infection' or 'emerging infectious diseases' were first used to describe new infectious diseases, or diseases that meet the criteria that are described in this article. In discussions of emergence, both 'emerging infections' and 'emerging infectious diseases' are commonly found.


id: cord-329890-wg23sa1u
author: Quah, Stella R.
title: Public image and governance of epidemics: Comparing HIV/AIDS and SARS
date: 2007-02-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9741
sentence: 356
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-329890-wg23sa1u.txt
txt: txt/cord-329890-wg23sa1u.txt
summary:
  In: Plenary address by Director of HIV/AIDS, WHO at the seventh international congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific World Health Organization [WHO] position statement on condoms and HIV prevention The politics of emerging and resurgent infectious diseases. I test two related assumptions: (1) a higher perception of disease severity and personal susceptibility to SARS as compared to HIV/AIDS, contributed to the higher effectiveness of SARS prevention efforts; (2) the second assumption is two-fold: (a) in contrast to SARS, the overall negative social 'image' of HIV/AIDS as a disease associated with particular types of individuals tends to weaken people's perception of susceptibility; (b) correspondingly, low perceived susceptibility tends to discourage public support for robust preventive efforts at the community level.


id: cord-323261-1of5ertf
author: Lo, Catherine Yuk-ping
title: Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?
date: 2018-05-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9434
sentence: 355
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-323261-1of5ertf.txt
txt: txt/cord-323261-1of5ertf.txt
summary:
  The body China AIDS Fund For Non-Governmental Organizations Making Turkey's transformation possible: claiming securityspeak-not Desecuritization! Having said that the Chinese government realized the impacts health problems or infectious diseases could have on its economic and social development, the previous work cannot explain why a high degree of political recognition was observed solely in HIV/ AIDS NGOs, instead of other health NGOs, such as TB or cancer NGOs in China.


id: cord-295290-hs5ntlok
author: Atlan, H.
title: Mechanisms of autoimmunity and AIDS: prospects for therapeutic intervention
date: 1994-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9839
sentence: 286
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-295290-hs5ntlok.txt
txt: txt/cord-295290-hs5ntlok.txt
summary:
  The interactions between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the immune system leading to the development of autoimmune disease HIV infection: facts and hypotheses Approaches to AIDS therapy Association of human immunodeficiency virus infection and autoimmune phenomena Antibodies to CD4 in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Harming and protecting responses to HIV T cells can present antigens such as HIV gp120 targeted to their own surface molecules Determinant spreading and the dynamics of the autoimmune T-cell repertoire Therapeutic vaccination against adjuvant arthritis using autoimmune T-lymphocytes treated with hydrostatic pressure Anti-idiotypic network induced by T-cell vaccination against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Control of experimental autoinimune encephalomyelitis by T cells responding to activated T cells Influence of host genotype on progression to AIDS among HIVinfected men Human T-cell lymphotropic virus 111s glycoprotein (gp120) bound to CD4 determinants on normal lymphocytes and expressed by infected cells serves as target for immune attack AIDS research turned upside down Immunological consequences of HIV infection: advantage of being low responder casts doubts on vaccine development New insights on the mechanisms of CD4+ lymphocytes depletion in AIDS AIDS virus infection and autoimmunity : a perspective of the clinical, immunological, and molecular origins of the autoallergic pathologies associated with HIV disease Graft-vs-host reaction limited to a class II MHC difference results in a selective deficiency in L3T4+ but not in Lyt-2+ T helper cell function T-cell receptor peptide therapy triggers autoregulation of experimental encephalomyelitis Identification of HIV-l envelope glycoprotein in the serum of AIDS and ARC patients Autoantibodies against liver cell membrane detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in acute and chronic liver disease Protection from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis conferred by a monoclonal antibody directed against a shared idiotype on rat T-cell receptors specific for myelin basic protein The immunopathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection V-region connectivity in T cell repertoires HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes IgM, IgG and IgA rheumatoid factors and circulating immune complexes in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex with serological abnormalities Major histocompatibility gene products and human immunodeficiency virus infection Prevention of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis through the antiidiotypic network A lectin-binding soluble factor released by CD8+CD57+ lymphocytes from AIDS patients inhibits T-cell cytotoxicity Prospects for the control of AIDS by immunizing seropositive individuals A strategy for prophylactic vaccination against HIV A novel HIV vaccine strategy Human immunodeficiency virus infection and autoimmune phenomena Shedding and interspecies type seroreactivity of the envelope glycopolypeptide gp120 of the human immunodeficiency virus The reservoir for HIV-l in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4 Acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) : a consequence of allogeneic Ia-antigen recognition AIDS: an autoimmune pathologic model for the destruction of a subset of helper T lymphocytes T helper cell immune dysfunction in asymptomatic, HIV-l seropositive individuals: the role of THl-TH2 cross-regulation Analysis of host-virus interactions in AIDS with anti-gpl20 T-cell clones : effect of HIV sequence variation and a mechanism for CD4+ cell depletion Determinants of HIV disease progression : six-year longitudinal study in the Edinburgh haemophilia/HIV cohorts Unexplained opportunistic infections and CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia without HIV infection. Schematically, effector T cells specific for self-antigens exist normally, but their activity is modulated and prevented by networks of regulatory T cells.


id: cord-252039-732z92dd
author: Valdiserri, Ronald O.
title: Responding to Pandemics: What We’ve Learned from HIV/AIDS
date: 2020-04-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2076
sentence: 78
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-252039-732z92dd.txt
txt: txt/cord-252039-732z92dd.txt
summary:
  The 1918 influenza epidemic in New York City: a review of the public health response Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic Changing perceptions of pandemic influenza and public health responses How the 1918 Flu Pandemic Revolutionized Public Health. To wit, during a pandemic the goal of public health is to protect the health of the entire population, not just to prevent or treat disease among specific individuals.


id: cord-009096-3c5t70an
author: Frankish, Helen
title: New WHO chief promises greater commitment to HIV/AIDS
date: 2003-07-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1378
sentence: 42
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-009096-3c5t70an.txt
txt: txt/cord-009096-3c5t70an.txt
summary:
  Together, learning from the past, we can change the future of global health. Mentored by senior WHO staff, these young professionals will form part of the next generation of international health leaders, he said.


id: cord-293379-c4qdmkw5
author: Weiss, Robin A
title: HIV and AIDS: looking ahead
date: 2003
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3594
sentence: 121
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-293379-c4qdmkw5.txt
txt: txt/cord-293379-c4qdmkw5.txt
summary:
  structural and antigenic relatedness with equine infectious anaemia virus Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS HIV and AIDS: 20 years of science HIV-1 pathogenesis 20 years of therapy for HIV-1 infection Slim disease: a new disease in Uganda and its association with HTLV-III infection Multicentre study on factors determining differences in rate of spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and prevalence of HIV infection Let it be sexual: how health care transmission of AIDS in Africa was ignored The injection century: massive unsterile injections and the emergence of human pathogens Expert group stresses that unsafe sex is primary mode of HIV transmission in Epidemiology: sexual transmission of HIV in Africa Accomplishments in HIV prevention science: implications for stemming the epidemic Male circumcision and risk of HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis Male circumcision: current epidemiological and field evidence HIV-1 transmission, acute infection, and the quest for strategies to prevent infection Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton Multiply infected spleen cells in HIV patients Cellular inhibitors with Fv1-like activity restrict human and simian immunodeficiency virus tropism Restriction of multiple divergent retroviruses by Lv1 and Ref1 Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 Cultivation of visna virus in tissue culture Lentivirus tropism and pathogenesis Are RNA viruses adapting or merely changing? Evolutionary and immunological implications of contemporary HIV-1 variation Modelling viral and immune system dynamics Timing the ancestor of the HIV-1 pandemic strains Tracing the origin and history of the HIV-2 epidemic AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 intergroup (M/O) recombination in Cameroon Nonreciprocal packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 RNA: a possible role for the p2 domain of Gag in RNA encapsidation Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1 Rapid evolution of the neutralizing antibody response to HIV type 1 infection Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein The effect of genetic variation in chemokines and their receptors on HIV transmission and progression to AIDS Global survey of genetic variation in CCR5, RANTES, and MIP-1α: impact on the epidemiology of the HIV-1 pandemic 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults: double-blind, randomised and placebo controlled trial Smallpox vaccination and patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Disseminated vaccinia in a military recruit with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease AIDS-related malignancies Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection in herpes simplex virus type 2-seropositive persons: a meta-analysis Interactions between herpes simplex virus type 2 and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in African women: opportunities for intervention Infection with GB virus C and reduced mortality among HIV-infected patients Effect of coinfection with GB virus C on survival among patients with HIV infection HIV-1 suppression during acute scrub-typhus infection Decrease in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 load during acute dengue fever Catastrophic ape decline in western equatorial Africa Vaccine for AIDS and Ebola virus infection HIV and AIDS in relation to other pandemics There is much concern over the risk of reintroducing smallpox vaccination to people infected with HIV 47 because disseminated vaccinosis may ensue, as has been reported in an HIV-positive military recruit 48 . HIV HIV 6 yea 6 yea 10% 10% C C J G D Figure 2


id: cord-342076-3a6aky7i
author: Zhang, Lei
date: 2012-09-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3999
sentence: 161
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-342076-3a6aky7i.txt
txt: txt/cord-342076-3a6aky7i.txt
title:
  Describing the Chinese HIV Surveillance System and the Influences of Political Structures and Social Stigma

summary:
  An evaluation of HIV surveillance systems by Loo et al., indicated that although the Chinese HIV surveillance system obtained high scores for flexibility and timeliness across in its surveillance activities, representativeness and completeness of data are poor in its case reporting [34] . China CDC & National Sentinel Surveillance Group Injection drug use and HIV/AIDS transmission in China Systematic review of HIV and HCV infection among drug users in China Situations and trends of HIV and syphilis infections among drug users in China Surveillance of AIDS among female sex workers in China Improving HIV surveillance systems: Country experiences and a proposal for evaluation framework Quantitatively monitoring AIDS policy implementation in China Living with HIV/AIDS in China Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China The SARS Epidemic and its Aftermath in China: A Political Perspective Evaluation of the Guangdong HIV/AIDS surveillance system, China Building a Better Infectious Disease Surveillance System for China: An evaluation from a political perspective Discrimination against people with HIV persists in China Disclosure of HIV status: cultural issues of Asian patients Disclosure of HIV status is a family matter: field notes from China Help-seeking in a context of AIDS stigma: understanding the healthcare needs of people with HIV/AIDS in China HIV/STD stigmatization fears as health-seeking barriers in China The China Stigma Index Report Evaluation of effect of community-based HIV/AIDS interventions among men who have sex with men in eighteen cities, China Which Chinese men who have sex with men miss out on HIV testing? Investigation on the Infection of HIV, HCV, Syphilis and HBV among MSM in Dalian City in 2008 Possible increase in HIV and syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou, China: results from a respondent-driven sampling survey Surveillance on the high risk behaviors among 239 men who have sex with men Prevalence and correlates of HIV and syphilis infections among men who have sex with men in Chongqing Municipality Survey of the knowledge, attitude, and practice on aids among MSM population in Urumchi The next era of HIV in China: rapidly spreading epidemics among men who have sex with men The authors confirm that this article content has no conflicts of interest.


id: cord-000130-dqqcajjd
author: Smith?, Robert J
title: The OptAIDS project: towards global halting of HIV/AIDS
date: 2009-11-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2388
sentence: 113
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-000130-dqqcajjd.txt
txt: txt/cord-000130-dqqcajjd.txt
summary:
  Mathematical models of the economy tell us whether a decrease in income tax will result in an increase in investment or an increase in imported consumer goods. Mathematical models of the atmosphere tell us what the effects of carbon dioxide emissions or of nuclear wars may be.


id: cord-256459-6h358si5
author: Sharpstone, D
title: Gastrointestinal manifestations of HIV infection
date: 1996-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3646
sentence: 145
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-256459-6h358si5.txt
txt: txt/cord-256459-6h358si5.txt
summary:
  6 In the last review some of the included trials were Acute HIV infection presenting with painful swallowing and esophageal ulcers Natural history and prognosis of diarrhoea of unknown cause in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Effects of zidovudine treatment on the small intestinal mucosa in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus Intestinal absorptive capacity, intestinal permeability and jejunal histology in HIV and their relation to diarrhoea T-cell activation can induce either mucosal destruction or adaptation in cultured human fetal small intestine Intestinal mucosal inflammation associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection Human immunodeficiency virus detected in bowel epithelium from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms Duodenal mucosal T cell subpopulation and bacterial cultures in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Association of gastric hypoacidity with opportunistic enteric infections in patients with AIDS Decreased gastric acid secretion and bacterial colonisation of the stomach in severely malnourished Bangladeshi children Prevalance of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Infectious diarrhea in patients with AIDS Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: relevance of infective agents isolated from gastrointestinal tract Prevalence of intestinal protozoans in French patients infected with AIDS Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected individuals referred for gastroenterological evaluation Faecal tumour necrosis factor-alpha in HIV-related diarrhoea The diagnosis of AIDS-related chronic diarrhoea: a prospective study in 155 patients Light and electron microscopic appearances of pathological changes in HIV gut infection Enterotoxic effect of stool supernatant of Cryptosporidium-infected calves on human jejunum Jejunal water and electrolyte transport in AIDS-related cryptosporidiosis Small bowel transit in HIVseropositive individuals Autonomic denervation in jejunal mucosa of homosexual men infected with HIV Loss of mucosal CD4 lymphocytes is an early feature of HIV infection Mechanisms of innate and acquired resistance to Cryptosporidium parvum infection in SCID mice Cryptosporidium infection in an adult mouse model: independent roles for IFN-â�¥ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in protective immunity Faecal tumour necrosis factor-alpha and faecal alpha-one-antitrypsin in HIV infection Diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients: no evidence of cytokine-mediated inflammation in jejunal mucosa An algorithm for the investigation of diarrhoea in HIV infection Use of the fluorochrome Calcofluor white in the screening of stool specimens for spores of microsporidia Salmonella, campylobacter and shigella in HIV positive patients Gastrointestinal viral infections in homosexual men who were symptomatic and seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus Efficient management of diarrhea in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): a medical decision analysis Cytomegalovirus in AIDS: presentation in 44 patients and a review of the literature Spectral and sequence similarity between vasoactive intestinal peptide and the second conserved region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (gp 120): possible consequences on prevention and therapy of AIDS Elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in AIDS patients with refractory idiopathic diarrhea: effects of treatment with octreotide Octreotide therapy of large volume refractory AIDS-associated diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial Treatment with albendazole for intestinal disease due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in patients with AIDS Thalidomide for microsporidiosis Atrovaquone is effective treatment for the symptoms of gastrointestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-1 infected patients Paromomycin for cryptosporidiosis in AIDS: a Health Information Research Unit Intestinal function and injury acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related cryptosporidiosis Infective dose size studies on Cryptosporidium parvum using gnotobiotic lambs However, there is a consistent increase in small-bowel permeability in HIV-seropositive individuals; 5 this functional abnormality and the minor structural abnormalities of the small bowel mucosa may be due to the immunological changes produced by HIV infection of lamina propria lymphocytes.


id: cord-350569-dtxtjtfo
author: Kasoka, Kasoka
date: 2020-06-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13925
sentence: 498
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-350569-dtxtjtfo.txt
txt: txt/cord-350569-dtxtjtfo.txt
title:
  Autonomy in HIV testing: a call for a rethink of personal autonomy in the HIV response in sub-Saharan Africa

summary:
  For example, the current COVID-19 lockdown and social distancing rules indicate that human autonomy is not absolute. I agree with Crittenden's theory of social autonomy, even though there are issues which arise from a further reading of his account which I do not necessarily agree with.


id: cord-076081-ue9azoyf
author: Hardon, Anita
date: 2008-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3403
sentence: 140
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-076081-ue9azoyf.txt
txt: txt/cord-076081-ue9azoyf.txt
title:
  Alternative medicines for AIDS in resource-poor settings: Insights from exploratory anthropological studies in Asia and Africa

summary:
  They do so for economic reasons: alternative medicines are big business, but they also do so for ideological reasons: neo-traditional medicines reflect an attractive hybrid of modernity and national heritage, providing a sense of national identity in the globalized health economy [10] . [6] presented findings on the supply of what they label neo-traditional medicines to refer to the boundary-crossing nature of these treatments in West Africa.


id: cord-104490-t42eccng
author: Frimpong, Shadrack
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4116
sentence: 171
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-104490-t42eccng.txt
txt: txt/cord-104490-t42eccng.txt
title:
  A Case for Girl-child Education to Prevent and Curb the Impact of Emerging Infectious Diseases Epidemics

summary:
  This alignment is especially important because many such rural communities still do not prioritize girl-child education due to persisting cultural beliefs; (3) Community education -the community should be reminded continually of the components, their role in the project's successes, and challenges. For instance, during the HIV/AIDS and recent EVD outbreaks, many young girls had to drop out of school to provide and care for their families who were sick and dying, consequently increasing their risk of exposure to these lethal viruses [13] .


id: cord-251939-dvbua4pf
author: Nepal, Binod
title: AIDS denial in Asia: Dimensions and roots
date: 2007-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4951
sentence: 214
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-251939-dvbua4pf.txt
txt: txt/cord-251939-dvbua4pf.txt
summary:
  key: cord-251939-dvbua4pf authors: Nepal, Binod title: AIDS denial in Asia: Dimensions and roots date: 2007-12-31 journal: Health Policy DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.04.011 sha: doc_id: 251939 cord_uid: dvbua4pf Abstract AIDS denial has long been viewed as the obstacle to forging effective response in many Asian countries. AIDS denial is not a new and isolated phenomenon but the one shaped by the global and historical institutions.


id: cord-280823-i1n8mu8b
author: Callaghan, Chris
title: Pseudoscience in medicine: cautionary recommendations
date: 2019-12-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5405
sentence: 194
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-280823-i1n8mu8b.txt
txt: txt/cord-280823-i1n8mu8b.txt
summary:
  The problems of dogmatic empiricism are also, however, highlighted, to demonstrate the pervasiveness of medical pseudoscience as a problem that cannot be simplistically argued away with reference to notions of scientific evidence. Medical pseudoscience, as discussed here, falls outside of Kuhn's classes of problem.


id: cord-306701-hs9cfdsu
author: Gona, Philimon N.
date: 2020-06-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6043
sentence: 257
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-306701-hs9cfdsu.txt
txt: txt/cord-306701-hs9cfdsu.txt
title:
  Burden and changes in HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality in Southern Africa Development Community Countries, 1990–2017

summary:
  SADC HIV and AIDS strategic framework Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) What is required to end the AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030? The Cost and Impact of the Fast-Track Approach PEPFAR funding and reduction in HIV infection rates in 12 focus sub-Saharan African countries: a quantitative analysis Side effects' are 'central effects' that challenge retention in HIV treatment programs in six sub-Saharan African countries: a multicountry qualitative study Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy Sexual activity without condoms and risk of HIV transmission in sero-different couples when the HIVpositive partner is using suppressive antiretroviral therapy HIV Transmission in Male Serodiscordant Couples in Australia, Thailand and Brazil Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.


id: cord-010175-p2py9wau
author: Winter, Harland
title: GASTROINTESTINAL AND NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND AIDS
date: 1996-04-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4340
sentence: 166
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-010175-p2py9wau.txt
txt: txt/cord-010175-p2py9wau.txt
summary:
  HeIicobacter pylari in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Disseminated histoplasmosis as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness in an infant Intestinal parasites and HIV infection in Tanzanian children with chronic diarrhea Centers for Disease Control: Some of these same agents, such as the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-a), are upregulated by HIV infection, affect intermediate metabolism, and cause malnutrition by increasing nutrient requirements.


id: cord-324056-cvvyf3cb
author: Kelley, Patrick W.
title: Global Health: Governance and Policy Development
date: 2011-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5955
sentence: 261
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-324056-cvvyf3cb.txt
txt: txt/cord-324056-cvvyf3cb.txt
summary:
  It describes the massive increases in bilateral and multilateral investments in global health and it highlights the current global and US architecture for performing global health programs. Few other actors were engaged in global health.


id: cord-005033-voi9gu0l
author: Xuan, Huiyu
title: A CA-based epidemic model for HIV/AIDS transmission with heterogeneity
date: 2008-06-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6569
sentence: 324
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-005033-voi9gu0l.txt
txt: txt/cord-005033-voi9gu0l.txt
summary:
  Ignoring the mobility of agents in epidemic models would jeopardize the creditability of the results obtained. Classical epidemic models divide the closed population into three subgroups: susceptible, infective, and recovered (removed).


id: cord-017831-anadq4j9
author: Lai, Yi-Horng
title: Network Analysis of Comorbidities: Case Study of HIV/AIDS in Taiwan
date: 2015-07-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3199
sentence: 137
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-017831-anadq4j9.txt
txt: txt/cord-017831-anadq4j9.txt
summary:
  There are no clear boundaries between many diseases, as diseases can have multiple causes and can be related in several dimensions. This study indicates the directionality of disease progression, as observed in our dataset, and finds out that more central disease in the PDN are more likely to occur after other diseases and that more peripheral diseases tend to precede other illnesses.


id: cord-333405-ji58jbct
author: Morens, David M.
title: The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
date: 2004-07-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6423
sentence: 227
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-333405-ji58jbct.txt
txt: txt/cord-333405-ji58jbct.txt
summary:
  Germs and Genocide in Hawai'i Agents of Apocalypse: Epidemic Disease in the Colonial Philippines Measles in Fiji, 1875: thoughts on the history of emerging infectious diseases Die Aetiologie der Milzbrand-Krankheit, begründet auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus Anthracis. Microbial Threats to Health in the United States: Emergence, Detection and Response Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: a multidisciplinary perspective Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases Infectious history Emerging infectious diseases in the 21st century Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease The origins of acquired immune deficiency viruses: where and when?


id: cord-000333-4prvgmvt
author: Darbyshire, Philip
title: Nursing heroism in the 21(st )Century'
date: 2011-02-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5168
sentence: 226
flesch: 59
cache: cache/cord-000333-4prvgmvt.txt
txt: txt/cord-000333-4prvgmvt.txt
summary:
  Such nurses are described as loyal, beautiful, peaceful, healing, comforting, reliable, devoted, and courageous in the face of hardship. Is heroism a legitimate part of nursing, or are nurses simply 'just doing their job' even when facing extreme personal danger?


id: cord-007188-tcq8lnwg
author: Cunningham, Anthony L.
date: 1988-08-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2270
sentence: 95
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-007188-tcq8lnwg.txt
txt: txt/cord-007188-tcq8lnwg.txt
title:
  Gastrointestinal Viral Infections in Homosexual Men Who were Symptomatic and Seropositive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

summary:
  In this study we showed that patients with AIDS or ARC may present with acute diarrhea or exacerbations of chronic diarrhea and that in patients with symptomatic HIV infection and diarrhea, >50% excreted gastrointestinal viruses. Fecal specimens were collected early in the course of acute diarrhea, during exacerbations of chronic diarrhea, or on several occasions during persistent chronic diarrhea.


id: cord-017224-naromr0a
author: McLeish, Caitriona
title: Evolving Biosecurity Frameworks
date: 2016-12-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6006
sentence: 173
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt
txt: txt/cord-017224-naromr0a.txt
summary:
  What was previously seen as two separate domains – public health and national security – have, through various events and disease outbreaks in the last 15 years, become intertwined and as a result biosecurity policies now need to address a spectrum of disease threats that encompass natural outbreaks, accidental releases and the deliberate use of disease as weapons. The UN High Level Panel report quoted above also alludes to another vulnerability that was exposed during the SARS outbreak, namely the deficiencies in the contemporary reporting system for infectious disease outbreaks.


id: cord-004986-en7taikk
author: Nagy, Nathalie
title: Infections gastro-intestinales chez le patient immunocompromis
date: 2002
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6150
sentence: 349
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-004986-en7taikk.txt
txt: txt/cord-004986-en7taikk.txt
summary:
  Certaines 6tudes rapportent des strongyloidoses diss6min6es chez des patients immunocompromis. Bien avant les 6pid6mies de sida, le toxoplasme 6tait reconnu comme protozoaire responsable d'infections opportunistes chez les patients immunocompromis.


id: cord-017506-t86v3zw3
author: Knox, Tamsin A.
title: Alcohol, HIV/AIDS, and Liver Disease
date: 2012-04-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7651
sentence: 242
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-017506-t86v3zw3.txt
txt: txt/cord-017506-t86v3zw3.txt
summary:
  Alcohol use, in moderate or hazardous amounts, has been associated with increased acquisition of HIV infection, progression of HIV infection, deleterious effects on HIV treatment, and acceleration in the comorbidities of HIV infection [4–9]. Alcohol use, in moderate or hazardous amounts, has been associated with increased acquisition of HIV infection, progression of HIV infection, deleterious effects on HIV treatment, and acceleration in the comorbidities of HIV infection [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] .


id: cord-302403-kahi8cbc
author: Miller, Robert F.
title: Pulmonary Infections
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18178
sentence: 832
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-302403-kahi8cbc.txt
txt: txt/cord-302403-kahi8cbc.txt
summary:
  The course of HIV infection can be divided clinically into several distinct periods: Acquisition of the virus Seroconversion, with or without a clinical illness (primary HIV infection) Tuberculosis HIV infection is associated with at least a 40-fold increased risk of an individual having active tuberculosis develop compared with noninfected subjects.


id: cord-268712-rxdw553c
author: Sawyer, Alexandra
title: Posttraumatic growth and adjustment among individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS: A meta-analysis
date: 2010-03-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8823
sentence: 312
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt
txt: txt/cord-268712-rxdw553c.txt
summary:
  Categories of positive psychological adjustment did not significantly moderate the relationship between PTG and positive mental health (p N .05). Time emerged as a significant moderator of positive psychological adjustment (Î² = .005, p b .001), implying the longer the time since the event, the stronger the relationship between PTG and positive mental health.


id: cord-009561-pg4jmvw4
author: Johnson, Richard T.
title: The virology of demyelinating diseases
date: 2004-10-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3607
sentence: 130
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-009561-pg4jmvw4.txt
txt: txt/cord-009561-pg4jmvw4.txt
summary:
  Production by a viral temperature sensitive mutant Biology and pathogenesis of lentiviruses Measles antibodies in multiple sclerosis Epstein-Barr virus infection and antibody synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis Viral antibodies in multiple sclerosis Intrathecal antibody synthesis to virus antigens in multiple sclerosis Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis react with human T cell lymphouopic virus-I gag proteins but not env proteins-westem blotting analysis Antibodies against the paramyxovirus SV5 in the cerebrospinal fluids of some multiple sclerosis patients Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Progressive multifocal leukoencephaloparhy: a burnt-out case Prolonged survival and partial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Particles resembling papovavirus in human cerebral demyelinating disease pova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Papovavirus of JC type in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Etiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-identification of papovavirus Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: JC virus detection by in situ hybridization compared with immunohistochemisuy Slow virus infections of rhe central nervous system Postinfectious encephalomyelitis Postinfectious encephalomyelitis A quantitation of myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein loss in different demyelinating diseases Measles: summary of worldwide impact Das verhalten der kutanen tuberkulin-reaktion wahrend der Masern Cellular immune responses during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections of man Peripheral blood mononuclear cells during nacural measles virus infection: cell surface phenotypes and evidence for activation Prospective study of the magnitude and duration of changes in tuberculin reactivity during complicated and uncomplicated measles Development of antibody to measles virus polypeptides during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections Immune activation during measles Spontaneous proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells in natural measles virus infection: identification of dividing cells and correlation with mitogen responsiveness Changes in plasma IgE levels during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections Changes in serum C-reactive protein during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections Immune activation during measles. In this disease an indirect mechanism may be operative, and if an anale gous mechanism occurred in multiple sclerosis virus would need to be sought in lymphoid tissues prior to the clinical manifestations of the demyelinating disease.


id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2
author: Albrecht, Harro
title: Global Health. Die Gesundheit der Welt in der internationalen Politik
date: 2008-10-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2683
sentence: 166
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt
txt: txt/cord-021121-qgqzr6n2.txt
summary:
  Also suchte Annans Berater mit seinen Kollegen nach Themen, die von möglichst allen 147 Staatsoberhäuptern akzeptiert werden würden. Handelsschranken und den internationalen Massenverkehr ist zum ersten Mal in der Geschichte der Menschheit die Gesundheit jedes Einzelnen relevant für die Gesundheit aller anderen.


id: cord-005819-fp5khzd5
author: Bonatz, K.
title: Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia with secondary aspergillosis in an AIDS patient
date: 1991
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1656
sentence: 94
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-005819-fp5khzd5.txt
txt: txt/cord-005819-fp5khzd5.txt
summary:
  fungal infections Oral corticosteroids prevent acute respiratory failure in AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (abstract) Bacterial infections in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome Opportunistic infections and malignancies in 231 Danish AIDS patients Bacterial infections in AIDS patients Aspergillus findings in AIDS patients suffering from cryptococcosis Value of necropsy in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Aspergillus infection of the central nervous system in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome The cases of AIDS patients with invasive aspergillosis described in the literature therefore had neutropenia related to zidovudine or to ganciclovir therapy, increased exposure to aspergillus by marijuana smoking, underlying pulmonary disease, or corticosteroid use as predisposing factors.


id: cord-016572-6fu5s89c
author: Hage, Chadi A.
title: Endemic mycosis
date: 2005
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9006
sentence: 517
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-016572-6fu5s89c.txt
txt: txt/cord-016572-6fu5s89c.txt
summary:
  In fact, most cases of PDH now occur in AIDS patients, and most occur in highly endemic areas [22] , [23] . In AIDS patients with PDH, the density of organisms is higher than in other immunosuppressed patients, and blood cultures are particularly useful, yielding a diagnosis in up to 90% of cases.


id: cord-254187-dcdc6sqi
author: Kimball, AM
title: “What, me worry?” Businesses and AIDS at Davos
date: 2005-04-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1837
sentence: 89
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-254187-dcdc6sqi.txt
txt: txt/cord-254187-dcdc6sqi.txt
summary:
  2 -as it does in many of South Africa's mining companies which, not surprisingly, have pioneered inhouse AIDS treatment. The corporate sector is shouldering more responsibility for the health of its workforce than it ever has in the past, says Bernie Clark of the health-care consulting team of Alexander Forbes, a firm that advises businesses on employee benefits and has helped several companies to develop AIDS policies (Clark B, Alexander Forbes, Johannesburg, South Africa, personal communication).


id: cord-009338-zc88lsls
author: Fulginiti, Vincent A.
title: What's in store for 1984?
date: 2007-01-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2082
sentence: 82
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-009338-zc88lsls.txt
txt: txt/cord-009338-zc88lsls.txt
summary:
  Antibodies against HTLV have been found in a proportion of AIDS patients and very rarely among control individuals. There are some features of HTLV which do not parallel the features of AIDS giving rise to scepticism as to whether this agent is, in fact, a cause of AIDS or simply one of the many agents with which AIDS patients can become infected.


id: cord-005335-u04cxiej
author: Podder, C. N.
date: 2011-05-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5747
sentence: 234
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-005335-u04cxiej.txt
txt: txt/cord-005335-u04cxiej.txt
title:
  Mathematical Analysis of a Model for Assessing the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy, Voluntary Testing and Condom Use in Curtailing the Spread of HIV

summary:
  Individuals aware of their infection status progress through the various infection stages at the same rate (σ i ; i = 1, 2, 3) as those who are not (in other words, it is assumed that knowledge of HIV infection status does not alter the progression rate among untreated infected individuals). These notably include the staged-progression aspect, where a typical HIV-infected individual passes through several infection stages, being highly infectious during the pre-antibody phase (characterized by high viremia with over 10 million viral copies per ml), maintaining low infectivity during the asymptomatic phase and becoming highly infectious as s/he progresses toward AIDS (i.e., the AIDS stage of HIV infection)


id: cord-316534-ep7ezoko
author: Gamble, Lena J
title: Current progress in the development of a prophylactic vaccine for HIV-1
date: 2010-12-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11976
sentence: 422
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-316534-ep7ezoko.txt
txt: txt/cord-316534-ep7ezoko.txt
summary:
  148, 253 In an effort to develop HIV-1 vaccines, researchers within this same group generated combinatorial libraries of HRV capsid-incorporated HIV-1 gp41 epitope. 149 Commercial and clinical Ad development of HIV-1 vaccines have progressed preferentially more than vector systems such as HRV because the flexibility of Ad generally exceeds current rhinovirus systems.


id: cord-018137-rmtyrbg0
author: Saad, Farouk Tijjani
title: Global Stability Analysis of HIV+ Model
date: 2018-12-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2933
sentence: 136
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-018137-rmtyrbg0.txt
txt: txt/cord-018137-rmtyrbg0.txt
summary:
  This implies one HIV positive individual in Turkey can be able to transfer the disease to almost 2 individuals, hence there is going to be HIV epidemic in Turkey. Second, HIV prevalence at low prevalence levels become less sensitive to changes in the dynamics of HIV epidemic because it is overpowered by demographic changes especially the recruitment of susceptibles.


id: cord-017061-vk55gm0j
author: Selgelid, Michael J.
title: TB Matters More
date: 2008
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6090
sentence: 230
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-017061-vk55gm0j.txt
txt: txt/cord-017061-vk55gm0j.txt
summary:
  Bioethics should examine the extent of risk involved with treating TB patients; the nature and extent of health care workers' duties to face such risks; possible means (and ethical justification) for reducing such risks through improvement of infection control in health care settings; and the propriety of rewarding health workers willing to face greater risks (Savulescu, in discussion) and/or the propriety of compensating those who actually become infected on the job (University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics 2005). There have been reports of prescription practices in poor countries where health workers decide to exclude TB patients from treatment in cases where it is believed that the patient is unlikely to complete therapy (Singh et al. 2002) .


id: cord-023729-dipjubn7
author: Serlin, Michael H.
title: Gastrointestinal Disorders in HIV
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5864
sentence: 237
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-023729-dipjubn7.txt
txt: txt/cord-023729-dipjubn7.txt
summary:
  Pneumocystis jiroveci (PCP) can also be seen as the cause of diarrhea in HIV patients, but is very uncommon, especially in the setting of PCP prophylaxis for AIDS patients; treatment is with antipneumocystis therapy, 38 generally with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Patients can have both dysphagia and odynophagia, and because they also may have more than one illness concurrently, it is imperative to pursue a thorough investigation as to the etiology of esophageal complaints in HIV patients.


id: cord-005882-iodfgzjf
author: Kaufmann, Stefan H E
title: Annulling a dangerous liaison: vaccination strategies against AIDS and tuberculosis
date: 2005-04-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9677
sentence: 381
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-005882-iodfgzjf.txt
txt: txt/cord-005882-iodfgzjf.txt
summary:
  Could AIDS and tuberculosis vaccines be given together? In contrast, experience with tuberculosis vaccine trials is marginal and currently only a few phase 1 trials have been initiated.


id: cord-021742-sdz6d1r5
author: Karnik, Ankur A.
title: Pneumothorax and Barotrauma
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13485
sentence: 584
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-021742-sdz6d1r5.txt
txt: txt/cord-021742-sdz6d1r5.txt
summary:
  A multicenter, prospective, randomized pilot study Simple aspiration versus chest-tube insertion in the management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax: A systematic review Chest tubes: indications, techniques, management and complications Recurrent re-expansion pulmonary edema Chest tube removal: End-inspiration or end-expiration? Delayed pulmonary perforation: A rare complication of the tube thoracostomy Complications of percutaneous dart therapy in management of pneumothorax Treatment of pneumothoraces utilizing small caliber chest tubes Role of small caliber chest tube drainage for iatrogenic pneumothorax Pigtail tube drainage in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax The thoracic vent: Clinical experience with a new device for treating simple pneumothorax Use of a pleural catheter for the management of simple pneumothorax Spontaneous pneumothorax Spontaneous pneumothorax in Norfolk Management of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Effects on recurrence and lung transplantation complications Persistent air leak in spontaneous pneumothorax-clinical course and outcome A prospective algorithm for the management of air leaks after pulmonary resection Autologous blood patch pleurodesis for persistent pulmonary air leak Autologous blood patch pleurodesis for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax with persistent air leak Intrapleural administration of a large amount of diluted fi brin glue for intractable pneumothorax Medical management and therapy of bronchopleural fi stulas in the mechanically ventilated patient Pectoral myoplasty for recurrent pneumothorax: An extrathoracic solution to an intrathoracic problem The treatment of refractory pneumothorax in diffuse panbronchiolitis by intravenous administration of coagulation factor XIII concentrate Closure of a bronchopleural fi stula using bronchoscopic placement of an endobronchial valve designed for the treatment of emphysema Acute pulmonary edema following treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with excessive negative intrapleural pressure Clinical analysis of reexpansion pulmonary edema Unilateral pulmonary edema resulting from treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax Experimental pulmonary edema following re-expansion of pneumothorax Evidence for increased permeability in reexpansion pulmonary edema Changes in pulmonary microvascular permeability accompanying re-expansion oedema:


id: cord-009269-6fs0f4b7
author: Youde, Jeremy
title: Is universal access to antiretroviral drugs an emerging international norm?
date: 2008-12-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10464
sentence: 419
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-009269-6fs0f4b7.txt
txt: txt/cord-009269-6fs0f4b7.txt
summary:
  With the failure of Health for All by 2000, international health norms largely fell off the global agenda. Finally, I tie the specifics of universal ARV access' history to our broader understanding of norm evolution, showing how it illustrates the need to reconsider the factors that promote the acceptance of international norms.


id: cord-015831-s78omm53
author: Kaufman, Joan
title: Civil Society Involvement in National HIV/AIDS Programs
date: 2019-05-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6398
sentence: 216
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-015831-s78omm53.txt
txt: txt/cord-015831-s78omm53.txt
summary:
  An important group working on the frontlines of stigma against PLWH has been AIDS Care China. AIDS Care China and its founder and leader, Thomas Cai, received the Red Ribbon Award from the UN for work supporting care and treatment of PLWH.


id: cord-017782-dtveihrj
author: Fong, I. W.
title: Litigations for HIV Related Complications
date: 2010-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6298
sentence: 256
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-017782-dtveihrj.txt
txt: txt/cord-017782-dtveihrj.txt
summary:
  The GP(general practitioner) then initiated a regimen consisting of didanosine, lamivudine, and saquinavir for HIV infection. Specific charges were: (1) the GP should have repeated the HIV serology to confirm that the plaintiff was HIV infected, (2) the defendant was negligent in starting treatment for HIV infection without proof of disease, (3) the physician lacked knowledge of HIV infection and should have referred the patient to a specialist or HIV clinic, (4) treatment of toxic medications were given for several years without any clear indication, and (5) the GP did not adequately inform the patient on the pros and cons of therapy, nor explain the potential toxicities and side-effects.


id: cord-016718-cxn1ewfw
author: Anderson, Virginia
date: 2017-11-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5864
sentence: 230
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-016718-cxn1ewfw.txt
txt: txt/cord-016718-cxn1ewfw.txt
title:
  Performing Interventions: The Politics and Theatre of China’s AIDS Crisis in the Early Twenty-First Century

summary:
  [It] explores the theme of AIDS from social, family, ethic [sic] and moral perspectives, cautioning people to keep away from AIDS and calling for social concern for AIDS patients' (State Council 2001) . Documentaries such as The Blood of Yingzhou District (Lennon and Yang 2007) , The Epic of Central Plains (Ai 2007), Together (Zhao 2010) Understanding HIV-Related Stigma and Discrimination in a Blameless A Joint Assessment Report of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China The Main Melody Campaign in Chinese Spoken Drama 26 Companies of the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS (GBC) Announce Immediate Commitments to Fight AIDS in China HIV and AIDS Stigma and Discrimination in China:


id: cord-001079-v01vwu00
author: Thoden, J.
date: 2013-09-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12704
sentence: 614
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-001079-v01vwu00.txt
txt: txt/cord-001079-v01vwu00.txt
title:
  Therapy and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected patients: a guideline by the German and Austrian AIDS societies (DAIG/ÖAG) (AWMF 055/066)

summary:
  The review presented here is a translation of a short version of the German–Austrian Guidelines of opportunistic infections in HIV patients. Results of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study prove that consequent isoniazid (INH)-prophylaxis in HIV patients with latent TB significantly reduces the risk of a relapse [22] .


id: cord-016829-37i1bn9m
date: 2008
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13456
sentence: 488
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-016829-37i1bn9m.txt
txt: txt/cord-016829-37i1bn9m.txt
title:
  Bilateral and Multilateral Financing of HIV/AIDS Programs: The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Global Fund, Bilateral Donors and the Private Sector

summary:
  With Product RED, the world's leading companies made a commitment to channel a portion of their profits from sales of speciallydesigned products to the Global Fund to support AIDS programs for women and children in Africa. These lapses in political leadership highlight the need to incorporate political leadership into AIDS programs that are funded by multilateral, bilateral and private sector donors.


id: cord-018070-js9vvsud
author: Hayes, Anna Marie
title: Human Insecurity in the People’s Republic of China: The Vulnerability of Chinese Women to HIV/AIDS
date: 2011-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9384
sentence: 305
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-018070-js9vvsud.txt
txt: txt/cord-018070-js9vvsud.txt
summary:
  While China was, traditionally, very much a society whereby passivity was expected of women in sexual matters, after 1949 this situation was widely believed to have altered because of Mao's proclamations about female equality as well as the belief that the 'smashing' of class 7 Surveys conducted in Africa reveal that 60-80% of HIV positive women, who contracted HIV from sexual intercourse, reported that their only sexual partner was their husband. Another study, which was conducted in India, another region where HIV/AIDS is growing at an alarming rate, reveals that 91% of HIV positive women surveyed, who had contracted HIV from sexual intercourse, also reported that their only sexual partner was their husband (Feinstein and Prentice 2000 : 22) .


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
title: KAPITEL 13 Infektionskrankheiten
date: 2008-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 26587
sentence: 1981
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-340489-yo3cp5vs.txt
txt: txt/cord-340489-yo3cp5vs.txt
summary:
  ASL spielt in der Diagnostik des rheumatischen Fiebers nur eine geringe Rolle, ADB hat in der Diagnostik der akuten Glomerulonephritis größere Bedeutung. Antikörpernachweisverfahren (Mikroagglutination, ELISA, Westernblot) spielen in der Diagnostik der akuten Enterokolitiden keine wesentliche Rolle.


id: cord-263438-9ra94uda
author: Snowden, Frank M.
title: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective
date: 2008-09-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14396
sentence: 502
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt
txt: txt/cord-263438-9ra94uda.txt
summary:
  key: cord-263438-9ra94uda authors: Snowden, Frank M. title: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective date: 2008-09-19 journal: Immunol Rev DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00677.x sha: doc_id: 263438 cord_uid: 9ra94uda Summary: Between mid‐century and 1992, there was a consensus that the battle against infectious diseases had been won, and the Surgeon General announced that it was time to close the book. The increasing virulence of dengue fever with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome disproved the theory of the evolution toward commensalism, and the discovery of the microbial origins of peptic ulcer demonstrated the reach of infectious diseases.


id: cord-017885-cz19y60u
author: Maziarz, Eileen K.
title: Cryptococcosis
date: 2014-11-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10664
sentence: 413
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-017885-cz19y60u.txt
txt: txt/cord-017885-cz19y60u.txt
summary:
  Once a relatively uncommon cause of human disease, cryptococcal infection can develop in apparently immunocompetent hosts and has emerged as an important opportunistic infection in humans over the past several decades as immunocompromised populations expand in the setting of HIV/AIDS, organ transplantation, malignancies, and treatment for other conditions. Early case reports of cryptococcal infections were primarily associated with cancer, autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and receipt of corticosteroids as these immunocompromised populations expanded [4] .


id: cord-325300-wawui0fd
author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
title: 4 Communicable Diseases
date: 2000-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 31283
sentence: 1557
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt
txt: txt/cord-325300-wawui0fd.txt
summary:
  EIS officers are assigned to state health departments, other public health units, and research centers as part of their training, carrying out epidemic investigation and special tasks in disease control. In disease control, individual immunity may also protect another individual.


id: cord-022521-r72jtoso
author: Miller, Tracie L.
title: Gastrointestinal Complications of Secondary Immunodeficiency Syndromes
date: 2010-12-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13743
sentence: 609
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-022521-r72jtoso.txt
txt: txt/cord-022521-r72jtoso.txt
summary:
  Ganciclovir: an update of its use in the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in transplant recipients Safety and efficacy of prolonged cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with intravenous ganciclovir in pediatric and young adult lung transplant recipients Hepatitis B in the HIV-coinfected patient Hepatitis B or hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus infection Influence of HIV infection on the response to interferon therapy and the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B Effect of duration of hepatitis B virus infection on the association between human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and hepatitis B viral replication Hepatitis B virus infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Adolescent human immunodeficiency virus infection and gastrointestinal disease Effect of HIV co-infection on mutation patterns of HBV in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis Hepatitis B in HIV patients: What is the current treatment and what are the challenges? Diagnosis and management of hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfection Hepatitis C in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: diagnosis, natural history, meta-analysis of sexual and vertical transmission, and therapeutic issues Maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis C virus and HIV infections: A possible interaction Coinfection with HIV-1 and HCV -a one-two punch HIV and hepatitis C coinfection Protection against persistence of hepatitis C Later, in 1984, 4 HIV-1 was determined to be the causative agent, and HIV-1 infection was recognized as a spectrum of disease, ranging from asymptomatic infection to full-blown AIDS.


id: cord-017675-in9r33ww
title: The Way Forward: Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights
date: 2008
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18425
sentence: 671
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt
txt: txt/cord-017675-in9r33ww.txt
summary:
  HIV treatment and prevention should be integrated, in HIV prevention strategies fall into four general categories: (1) prevention of sexual transmission; (2) prevention of blood-borne transmission: (3) prevention of mother-to-child transmission; and (4) social strategies. In Ghana cases fell by an eighth and Based on these results, the WHO believes that a 5-year campaign that distributes well for HIV prevention.


id: cord-016690-3gsq724l
author: Li, Hongjun
title: HIV/AIDS Related Respiratory Diseases
date: 2013-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 26773
sentence: 1417
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-016690-3gsq724l.txt
txt: txt/cord-016690-3gsq724l.txt
summary:
  Pathogens of HIV related pulmonary infections include parasites, fungi, mycobacteria, viruses, bacteria and toxoplasma gondii. In this section, the clinical manifestations and imaging findings of HIV related pulmonary infections are analyzed and discussed, which provide effective diagnosis basis, so as to reduce the incidence of HIV-related pulmonary infections.


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
title: Section II: Poster Sessions
date: 2017-12-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 83566
sentence: 3777
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
txt: txt/cord-002774-tpqsjjet.txt
summary:
  The CHIP framework drives the complex inter-relationships between community-hospital engagement, reciprocal capacity-building, integration initiatives, and community-based research and evaluation, to create an interconnected network of health care services. Those living in urban centers should have the best ava1l~b1hty, chmce, and access to a variety of health care services because of the distribution of health care services, fac1lmes, and health professionals in concentrated in urban centers.


# url

id: cord-017224-naromr0a
domain: www.nti.org
url:
  www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/global-partnership-against-spread-weaponsand-materials-mass-destruction-10-plus-10-over-10-program


id: cord-306701-hs9cfdsu
domain: ghdx.healthdata.org
url:
  http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool?params=gbd-api-2017permalink/088010c34dc209c6b1667f763c2626f2


id: cord-306701-hs9cfdsu
domain: ghdx.healthdata.org
url:
  http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool?params=gbdapi-2017-permalink/02aea83bf5cff055c91deb613a168a4b


# ent

id: cord-355635-fan0sf48
sid: 78
eid: 7
type: DATE
entity:
  a year 1946-1951-1956-1961-1966-1971-1976-1981-1986-1991-1996-2001-1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000


id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2
sid: 30
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  weil die public health-idee sich aus überlegungen des deutschen arztes und politikers rudolf virchow aus dem 19


id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2
sid: 64
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  der begriff ist zum synonym geworden für gesundheitsbezogene entwicklungshilfe vor allem durch die usa


id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2
sid: 71
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  wie sie rudolf virchow vorschwebte und wie sie auch an vielen amerikanischen schools of public health


id: cord-021121-qgqzr6n2
sid: 96
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  jedoch nach gravierenden fällen von korruption weitere geldzusagen zurück -eine aufsehen erregende maßnahme


id: cord-017224-naromr0a
sid: 153
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  www.nti.org/treaties-and-regimes/global-partnership-against-spread-weaponsand-materials-mass-destruction-10-plus-10-over-10-program/


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 4
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  kenntnis und richtige einschätzung dieser faktoren sind entscheidend für diagnostik und therapie dieser erkrankungen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 19
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  nahezu alle infektionserreger haben charakteristische zeitintervalle zwischen exposition und erkrankung


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 29
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  der rationale einsatz von serologischen untersuchungen wie auch die aufbewahrung von serumproben zur


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 95
eid: 5
type: ORG
entity:
  toxinbildung und immunevasion von bakterien wichtige pathogene mechanismen von bakterien sind adhäsion an epithelien oder die bildung von toxinen und immunevasion


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 112
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  es muss mit sehr hoher wahr-scheinlichkeit eine durch bakterien verursachte infektionskrankheit vorliegen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 160
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  ineffektivität einer antibiotikatherapie kann natürlich auch durch einen wechsel des ätiologisch bedeutsamen erregers


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 182
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  sie sind für ihre vermehrung vollständig auf die energiegewinnung und syntheseleistung ihrer wirtszelle angewiesen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 229
eid: 4
type: ORG
entity:
  der freisetzung des ribonukleoproteins aus intrazytoplasmatischen vesikeln und des uncoatings durch blockade


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 241
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  virusspezifische funktionen ergeben sich während der transkription der viralen genetischen information


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 250
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  viele andere viruskodierte polymerasen von dna-viren unterscheiden sich von zellulären isoenzymen hinsichtlich


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 252
eid: 3
type: WORK_OF_ART
entity:
  antisense"-oligonukleotide ist eine vom konzept her sehr elegante und naturgemäß spezifische möglichkeit


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 264
eid: 10
type: ORG
entity:
  jahren der erforschung dieses phänomens wurde ein gewaltiges netzwerk von interaktoren und interaktionen aufgedeckt.


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 322
eid: 7
type: PERSON
entity:
  die gefahr einer konnatalen infektion des neugeborenen mit der folge einer unbehandelt oft tödlich verlaufenden hsv-sepsis


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 344
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  sehr effektiv und waren für etliche jahre einzige standardtherapeutika bei der behandlung der chronischen hepatitis b. dies


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 360
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  der erprobung befindlichen antiretroviralen nukleosidanaloga auch hinsichtlich ihrer hbv-wirksamkeit und kreuzresistenzen geprüft werden.


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eid: 3
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  ist über einzelne erfolge bei der behandlung von pneumonien immunsupprimierter mit ribavirin berichtet


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 482
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  neben der infektion lymphatischer zellen werden auch frühzeitig langlebige makrophagen und gliazellen des zns befallen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 487
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  wegen der klinischen ähnlichkeit mit der mononukleose wird das krankheitsbild auch als "mononukleoseähnliches


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 538
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  daher muss eine einmal begonnene und effektive antiretrovirale therapie unbegrenzt fortgeführt werden


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 572
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  bei drogenabhängigen konzentrieren sich präventive strategien auf die suchttherapie sowie auf die kontrollierte verabreichung von ersatzdrogen


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sid: 643
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  bei sehr weit fortgeschrittenem immundefekt (cd4 + -zellen < 50/μl) auf und betreffen v. a. gastrointestinaltrakt und auge


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 648
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  bei der cmv-proktitis sind defäkationsschmerzen und blutbeimengungen im stuhl die führenden symptome.


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 697
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  wichtigste maßnahme zur verhütung von resistenzbildungen ist eine konsequente und effektive therapie


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 775
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  dabei gibt es verschiedenartige verläufe von der vollständigen rückbildung bis hin zur weiteren progredienz der veränderungen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 844
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  dass patienten mit supprimierter viruslast ein sehr niedriges risiko für opportunistische infektionen aufweisen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 888
eid: 6
type: ORG
entity:
  der klassischen venerischen infektionen durch ihre schmerzhaftigkeit von der lues abzugrenzen sind und einen belegten


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 894
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  und infektionen immunsupprimierter können sehr rasch zu lebensbedrohlichen erkrankungen führen und müssen daher


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 899
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  eine assoziation des burkitt-lymphoms mit ebv ist aufgrund molekularbiologischer und seroepidemiologischer daten gesichert


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sid: 955
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  fetale infektionen nach reaktivierter infektion bei der mutter führen sehr selten zu klinischen manifestationen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
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eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  wie vorsichtig man bei der ätiologischen verknüpfung des nachweises eines ubiquitären virus mit spezifischen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1003
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  kaposi-sarkome bestehen typischerweise aus einem gemisch proliferierender spindel-und endothelzellendie zur entstehung führenden mechanismen sind noch ungeklärt.


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1061
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  häufigkeit masernpneumonie (als direkte folge der maserninfektion oder als folge einer bakteriellen superinfektion des geschädigten flimmerepithels


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sid: 1102
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  diagnostik bei klinischem verdacht kann der erreger leicht elektronenmikroskopisch als quadervirus aus der


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1129
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  der differentialdiagnose der zerebralen non-hodgkin-lymphome und anderer demyelinisierender erkrankungen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1151
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  durch die intrazelluläre entwicklung innerhalb des nervensystems kommt es erst sehr spät zum effektiven kontakt mit dem immunsystem


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1196
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  sie kommen mit ähnlichen erscheinungsformen als subakute enzephalopathien bei menschen und anderen wirbeltieren


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1204
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  die assoziation von prionprotein als wesentlichem bestandteil des infektiösen agens ist zweifelsfrei bewiesen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1226
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  dass sich verschiedene klinisch definierte phänotypen von cjd verschiedenen fragmentierungsmustern nach


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1263
eid: 8
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  und dura mater von verstorbenen sowie nach der verwendung von aus leichen gewonnenem humanem wachstumshormon


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1288
eid: 3
type: PERSON
entity:
  des gss-spezifischen prnp-gens sollte nicht als übertragung eines krankheitserregers bezeichnet werden


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1307
eid: 2
type: PERSON
entity:
  verletzungen während des eröffnens des leichnams und damit verbundene hautkontaminationen sowie konjunktivale und


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1308
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  die krankheit beginnt mit unspezifischen beschwerden und führt nach neurologischen ausfällen mit ataxie


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1318
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  mit zunehmendem verständnis der pathogenitätsmechanismen ergeben sich hinweise auf mögliche therapiestrategien


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1334
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  sie wird durch wechselwirkungen zwischen kohlenhydrat-und proteinstrukturen der pilzzellwand und der wirtszelle verursacht


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1398
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  wichtigste mikrobiologisch-diagnostische maßnahme ist der erregernachweis aus blutkultur und abstrich-und punktionsmaterialien


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1551
eid: 7
type: PERSON
entity:
  zur aktivierung des immunsystems mit erregerspezifischer bei einzelnen impfungen sind antikörpergrenzwerte für


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1671
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  oder durch geschlechtsverkehr.klinische bilder krankheitsbilder bei infektionen mit den serovaren d-k sind v. a. infektionen des genitaltrakts


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1680
eid: 7
type: PRODUCT
entity:
  immunsupprimierten ist eine c.-trachomatis-pneumonie möglich.als komplikation nach einer c.-trachomatis


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1687
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  alle haben einen obligat intrazellulären lebenszyklus und werden mit ausnahme von coxiella bumetii durch arthropoden übertragen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1756
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  epidemiologischen verbreitung unterschiedlicher serotypen ein erheblicher rückgang von invasiven pneumokokken-infektionen durch


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1761
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  der polysaccharidimpfstoff gegen pneumokokken ist wegen seiner zum teil erheblichen lokalen nebenwirkungen (schmerzen


id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs
sid: 1765
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  den letzten jahren u. a. in großbritannien ein meningokokken-konjugat-impfstoff gegen die serogruppe c erprobt und so eine


id: cord-002774-tpqsjjet
sid: 3320
eid: 12
type: ORG
entity:
  caracterizandolos y diferenciandolos en tanto constitutivos de identidades socia les que condicionan la implementaci6n del programas de reduccion de daiios.resultados:


