# bib

id: cord-333580-tw9cehxv
author: Ferrario, Carlos M.
date: 2020-07-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 579
sentence: 22
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-333580-tw9cehxv.txt
txt: txt/cord-333580-tw9cehxv.txt
title:
  Commentary on “angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic”

summary:
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 Effect of angiotensin II blockade on a new congenic model of hypertension derived from transgenic Ren-2 rats Increased expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in conjunction with reduction of neointima by angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade Angiotensin II AT1 receptors regulate ACE2 and angiotensin-(1-7) expression in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats Role of the vasodilator peptide angiotensin-(1-7) in cardiovascular drug therapy. key: cord-333580-tw9cehxv authors: Ferrario, Carlos M. title: Commentary on “angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic” date: 2020-07-24 journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.041 sha: doc_id: 333580 cord_uid: tw9cehxv nan Dear Sir: I wish to clarify the accuracy of certain conclusions advanced in a recently published commentary by Cure and Cure


id: cord-318358-glbr8kxh
author: Naik, George O A
title: COVID-19 and the RAAS
date: 2020-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 716
sentence: 39
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-318358-glbr8kxh.txt
txt: txt/cord-318358-glbr8kxh.txt
summary:
  Changes in circulating Ang II concentration alter renin secretion through a negative feedback loop, Figure 1 (a), as Ang II decreases renin secretion increases and consequently affect renin concentration and plasma renin activity (PRA). Ang II changes would also affect aldosterone stimulation and angiotensin IV (Ang IV) production.


id: cord-317888-ei598viq
author: Sarzani, Riccardo
title: Antagonizing the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in the era of COVID-19
date: 2020-05-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1327
sentence: 40
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-317888-ei598viq.txt
txt: txt/cord-317888-ei598viq.txt
summary:
  Renin-angiotensin system blockers and statins are associated with lower in-hospital mortality in very elderly hypertensives Losartan prevents sepsis-induced acute lung injury and decreases activation of nuclear factor kappaB and mitogen-activated protein kinases Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure The renin-angiotensin system: going beyond the classical paradigms Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized With COVID-19 Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients In another small sample of COVID-19 patients, ACE-I and ARB therapy affected both IL-6 and peripheral T cell levels and was associated with lower rates of severe disease [6] .


id: cord-322212-8xrehbd1
author: Wang, Hanyin
date: 2020-04-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1475
sentence: 78
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-322212-8xrehbd1.txt
txt: txt/cord-322212-8xrehbd1.txt
title:
  Unexpected BP Sensitivity to Angiotensin II in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019, ARDS, and Septic Shock

summary:
  World Health Organization Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease in 2019 in China An update of the role of renin angiotensin in cardiovascular homeostasis Angiotensin II for the treatment of vasodilatory shock Sensitivity to angiotensin II dose in patients with vasodilatory shock: a prespecified analysis of the ATHOS-3 trial Pulmonary capillary endothelium-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in acute lung injury Endogenous angiotensin II levels and the mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonists Intravenous angiotensin II for the treatment of high-output shock (ATHOS trial): a pilot study The use of angiotensin II in distributive shock A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Angiotensin II up-regulates angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), but down-regulates ACE2 via the AT1-ERK/p38 MAP kinase pathway Angiotensin II mediates angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 internalization and degradation through an angiotensin II type I receptor-dependent mechanism Angiotensin II for the treatment of COVID-19-related vasodilatory shock Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury La Jolla Pharmaceutical company to provide GIAPREZAÔ (angiotensin II) in Italy for compassionate use in patients with septic shock associated with COVID-19 Financial/nonfinancial disclosures: Q10 None declared. In the patient, we did not observe worsening ARDS with Ang-2 treatment.


id: cord-317472-6ese0c0e
author: Zisman, Lawrence S.
title: ACE and ACE2: a tale of two enzymes
date: 2005-02-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1505
sentence: 67
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-317472-6ese0c0e.txt
txt: txt/cord-317472-6ese0c0e.txt
summary:
  The authors found a marked increase in ACE2 gene expression in the border/infarct zone as well as in viable myocardium in the post-myocardial infarction rat heart. How such processes lead to an increase in ACE2 gene expression remains to be elucidated.


id: cord-291137-09a3tblt
author: Chow, Jonathan H.
title: Angiotensin II for the Treatment of COVID-19–Related Vasodilatory Shock
date: 2020-04-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1553
sentence: 66
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-291137-09a3tblt.txt
txt: txt/cord-291137-09a3tblt.txt
summary:
  Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak Angiotensin I and angiotensin II concentrations and their ratio in catecholamine-resistant vasodilatory shock Sensitivity to angiotensin II dose in patients with vasodilatory shock: a prespecified analysis of the ATHOS-3 trial Effect of disease severity on survival in patients receiving angiotensin II for vasodilatory shock ATHOS-3) Outcomes in patients with vasodilatory shock and renal replacement therapy treated with intravenous angiotensin II Baseline angiotensin levels and ACE effects in patients with vasodilatory shock treated with angiotensin II The acute respiratory distress syndrome Angiotensin converting enzyme defects in shock: implications for future therapy Reversal of vasodilatory shock: current perspectives on conventional, rescue, and emerging vasoactive agents for the treatment of shock Renin as a marker of tissue-perfusion and prognosis in critically ill patients Bradykinin, angiotensin-(1-7), and ACE inhibitors: how do they interact?


id: cord-330558-autprmr4
author: Burrell, Louise M.
title: ACE2, a new regulator of the renin–angiotensin system
date: 2004-05-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2872
sentence: 107
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-330558-autprmr4.txt
txt: txt/cord-330558-autprmr4.txt
summary:
  To date, there have been no published studies on cardiac ACE2 in the context of ischaemic heart disease. ACE2 and the heart Evidence of the biological role of ACE2 in angiotensin peptide degradation comes from studies in Ace2-knockout mice, which lack ACE2 protein [17] .


id: cord-307894-pfsztifl
author: Clarke, Nicola E.
title: Chapter 100 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2
date: 2013-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2806
sentence: 121
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-307894-pfsztifl.txt
txt: txt/cord-307894-pfsztifl.txt
summary:
  ACE2 is not inhibited by inhibitors of ACE or CP-A and specifically designed ACE2 inhibitors such as MLN-4760 do not inhibit ACE. (ACE2) by site-directed mutagenesis Residues affecting the chloride regulation and substrate selectivity of the angiotensinconverting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) identified by site-directed mutagenesis Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but not ACE, is preferentially localized to the apical surface of polarized kidney cells Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.


id: cord-339157-wj47xeqj
author: Zhang, Chao
date: 2018-05-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3081
sentence: 134
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-339157-wj47xeqj.txt
txt: txt/cord-339157-wj47xeqj.txt
title:
  Involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the progression of severe hand-foot-and-mouth disease

summary:
  Previous studies have indicated that serum Ang II levels in patients with H7N9 infection were related to the severity of infection. Previous studies have indicated that serum Ang II levels in patients withH7N9 infection were higher than controls and were related to the severity of infection


id: cord-325610-n3zb36am
author: Postlethwait, John H.
date: 2020-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2699
sentence: 77
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-325610-n3zb36am.txt
txt: txt/cord-325610-n3zb36am.txt
title:
  An intestinal cell type in zebrafish is the nexus for the SARS-CoV-2 receptor and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System that contributes to COVID-19 comorbidities

summary:
  To exploit zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a disease model to understand mechanisms regulating the RAAS and its relationship to COVID-19 comorbidities, we must first identify zebrafish orthologs and co-orthologs of human RAAS genes, and second, understand where and when these genes are expressed in specific cells in zebrafish development. Results showed that, like humans and other mammals, zebrafish liver cells express Angiotensinogen.


id: cord-278265-hgggkr5y
author: Hisatake, Shinji
date: 2020-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3614
sentence: 148
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-278265-hgggkr5y.txt
txt: txt/cord-278265-hgggkr5y.txt
title:
  The serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) concentrations after optimal therapy for acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

summary:
  In the acute phase, the serum Ang-(1-7) concentration was statistically significantly lower and the serum ACE2 concentration was statistically significantly higher in heart failure patients than the healthy individuals (2.40 + − 1. At 1 month after OT, there was no significant difference in the serum ACE2 concentration between heart failure patients and the healthy individuals.


id: cord-332716-1d89j7jh
author: Choi, Marcelo
title: El SRAA y el SARS-CoV-2: el acertijo a resolver
date: 2020-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3340
sentence: 114
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt
txt: txt/cord-332716-1d89j7jh.txt
summary:
  En términos de beneficios en la evolución de la enfermedad por COVID-19, el estudio de Mehra MR y cols. Existe un gran interés en dilucidar la función de ECA2 en la enfermedad cardiovascular, tanto el de la enzima transmembrana como también el de la forma soluble.


id: cord-273136-hrgtaunt
author: Rabelo, Luiza A.
title: Animal Models with a Genetic Alteration of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas Axis
date: 2015-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3901
sentence: 140
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-273136-hrgtaunt.txt
txt: txt/cord-273136-hrgtaunt.txt
summary:
  In order to study this function, transgenic mouse models have been generated by several groups that overexpress human ACE2 using the mouse ACE2 promoter, 33 the cytomegalovirus promoter, 36, 37 or the cytokeratin 18 promoter specific for the airway and other epithelia. When rat Mas is overexpressed in the retina of transgenic mice using the opsin promoter, degeneration of photoreceptors is the consequence, which is probably induced by proliferative signaling pathways activated in these cells due to the constitutively active Mas protein.


id: cord-326223-q6e60nf8
author: Gembardt, Florian
title: Organ-specific distribution of ACE2 mRNA and correlating peptidase activity in rodents
date: 2005-02-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3961
sentence: 181
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt
txt: txt/cord-326223-q6e60nf8.txt
summary:
  It was also shown that ACE2 expression can be upregulated by blockade of AT 1 -receptors [27] . The expression in mouse was most pronounced higher than in rat in kidney (∼31.9-fold), colon (∼18.6-fold), and ileum (∼12.0-fold) (Fig. 3) , whereas in bladder (∼2.5-fold) and ventricle (∼2.1-fold) ACE2 expression in rat exceeded the mouse.


id: cord-259933-ggx4v0bz
author: Dalan, Rinkoo
title: The ACE-2 in COVID-19: Foe or Friend?
date: 2020-04-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4207
sentence: 174
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-259933-ggx4v0bz.txt
txt: txt/cord-259933-ggx4v0bz.txt
summary:
  The presence of higher expression of ACE-2 receptors or its upregulation although initially thought to be a risk factor for infection is unlikely the case. tioning that ACE-2 receptor upregulation due to angiotensin receptor blockers that are commonly used in hypertension could be considered to be risk factor for increased transmission of SARS-Cov-2 .


id: cord-342271-m9tn3qu0
author: Lambert, Daniel W.
title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and new insights into the renin–angiotensin system
date: 2008-02-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4299
sentence: 159
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-342271-m9tn3qu0.txt
txt: txt/cord-342271-m9tn3qu0.txt
summary:
  In this study, however, no change was observed in ACE2 levels following arterial ligation. In addition, ACE2 levels are elevated in the kidneys of young diabetic mice in parallel with reduced ACE expression [47] .


id: cord-252193-pgr07l9b
author: Sato, Teruki
title: Loss of Apelin Augments Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Pathological Remodeling
date: 2019-01-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4719
sentence: 182
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-252193-pgr07l9b.txt
txt: txt/cord-252193-pgr07l9b.txt
summary:
  Consistently, mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and Tgfb2 were upregulated by Ang II treatment, whereas apelin-13 significantly decreased the elevated expression of BNP, ANF, and Tgfb2 in Ang II-treated cells to the To determine whether Apelin antagonizes Ang II effects in vitro, we treated the isolated primary cardiomyocytes with Ang II, apelin-13, or both peptides. On the other hand, after Ang II treatment, Apelin KO mice showed a trend of decreased expression of ACE2 in the heart, but this did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 2B ).


id: cord-337678-vh6dpf4e
author: Calò, Lorenzo A
date: 2020-08-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4942
sentence: 175
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-337678-vh6dpf4e.txt
txt: txt/cord-337678-vh6dpf4e.txt
title:
  Are the Clinical Presentations (Phenotypes) of Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes Gene Mutations Driven by Their Effects on Intracellular pH, Their “pH” Enotype?

summary:
  We think that either ion transport issues or chronic state of metabolic alkalosis in GS/BS patients, jointed with the blunted/reduced intracellular calcium signaling due to reduced second messenger induced intracellular calcium release [1] , drive changes in the pH of the TGN/endosome system and result in altered ACE2 protein glycosylation (Figure 2 ). Looking at all the above-mentioned reports led us to think about some of the effects noted and we were specifically struck by the blood pressure effects and the noted changes in ACE2 glycosylation.


id: cord-340581-ngwgb3y0
author: Abassi, Zaid
title: ACE2, COVID-19 Infection, Inflammation, and Coagulopathy: Missing Pieces in the Puzzle
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4657
sentence: 140
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-340581-ngwgb3y0.txt
txt: txt/cord-340581-ngwgb3y0.txt
summary:
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme is expressed on the plasma membranes of various cell types, including alveolar and intestinal epithelia, vascular endothelial cells in the heart, kidney, and testis, and on macrophages, where it catalyzes the production of Ang 1-7 and its likely paracrine activity (Crackower et al., 2002; Hamming et al., 2007; Santos et al., 2008; Clarke and Turner, 2012; Abassi et al., 2020c) . While intestinal homing is clinically more pronounced in children, manifested by gastrointestinal symptoms, the lungs conceivably serve as the principal port of entry, with viral attachment to type II alveolar cells (AT2), and to alveolar macrophages coated by membranal ACE2 (Abassi et al., 2020c,d) .


id: cord-303394-iqepytyd
author: Han, Su-Xia
date: 2010-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5149
sentence: 195
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-303394-iqepytyd.txt
txt: txt/cord-303394-iqepytyd.txt
title:
  Losartan attenuates chronic cigarette smoke exposure-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats: Possible involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2

summary:
  To determine the effect of chronic cigarette smoking and losartan treatment on rat pulmonary arteries, we first examined the histopathology and hemodynamics of rat lungs. Consistent with these findings, in the present study, 6 months of smoke exposure induced a marked medial wall thickening in rat pulmonary arteries and significantly increased RVSP in rats.


id: cord-335076-mmpox655
author: Izumi, Yasukatsu
title: Angiotensin II Peptides
date: 2013-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5339
sentence: 217
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-335076-mmpox655.txt
txt: txt/cord-335076-mmpox655.txt
summary:
  In the early 1970s, polypeptides either inhibiting the formation of Ang II or blocking Ang II receptors were discovered, but these were not orally active. Furthermore, losartan (Dup 753), an orally active, highly selective and potent nonpeptide Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), was developed in 1988, and the cloning of Ang II receptors, type 1 (AT 1 R) and type 2 (AT 2 R) was accomplished in the early 1990s.


id: cord-299960-ounktxxv
author: Varagic, Jasmina
title: New angiotensins
date: 2008-04-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5362
sentence: 193
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-299960-ounktxxv.txt
txt: txt/cord-299960-ounktxxv.txt
summary:
  I Evidence for Mas-mediated bradykinin potentiation by the angiotensin-(1-7) nonpeptide mimic AVE 0991 in normotensive rats Potentiation of bradykinin by angiotensin-(1-7) on arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats studied in vivo Angiotensin 1-7 induces bradykinin-mediated relaxation in porcine coronary artery Synergistic effect of angiotensin-(1-7) on bradykinin arteriolar dilation in vivo Bradykinin potentiation by angiotensin-(1-7) and ACE inhibitors correlates with ACE C-and N-domain blockade Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Effects of renin angiotensin system blockade on renal angiotensin-(1-7) forming enzymes and receptors Effect of angiotensin II blockade on a new congenic model of hypertension derived from transgenic Ren-2 rats Effects of captopril related to increased levels of prostacyclin and angiotensin-(1-7) in essential hypertension Characterization of angiotensin-(1-7) in the urine of normal and essential hypertensive subjects Comparison of inhibitory effects of irbesartan and atorvastatin treatment on the renin angiotensin system (RAS) in veins: a randomized double-blind crossover trial in healthy subjects Role of the vasodilator peptide angiotensin-(1-7) in cardiovascular drug therapy Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors Cardiac angiotensin-(1-7) in ischemic cardiomyopathy Prevention of angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by angiotensin Isoproterenolinduced impairment of heart function and remodeling are attenuated by the nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) analogue Hence, in recent years, it became apparent that the balance between the two opposing effector peptides, angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7), may have a pivotal role in determining different cardiovascular pathophysiologies.


id: cord-346281-sma6e891
author: Maldonado, Valente
date: 2020-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5721
sentence: 193
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt
txt: txt/cord-346281-sma6e891.txt
title:
  Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19

summary:
  At the same time, Ang II is considered to function as a growth factor that regulates cell proliferation/apoptosis and fibrosis, as well as a mediator that attracts inflammatory cells to sites of tissue injury [19] . By contrast, Tregs attenuate the activation, proliferation, and effector functions of a wide range of immune cells for the maintenance of auto-tolerance and immune homeostasis


id: cord-334717-zg9f19p8
author: Chung, Mina K.
title: SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2: The biology and clinical data settling the ARB and ACEI controversy
date: 2020-08-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6060
sentence: 225
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-334717-zg9f19p8.txt
txt: txt/cord-334717-zg9f19p8.txt
summary:
  In these models lung ACE2 is decreased and ACE-dependent Ang II production is increased, implicating loss of ACE2 protective effects. The early availability of sequence information of virus isolates facilitated structural studies confirming the binding of SARS CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2.


id: cord-318327-9sh2eksm
author: Garg, M.
date: 2012-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7228
sentence: 243
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-318327-9sh2eksm.txt
txt: txt/cord-318327-9sh2eksm.txt
title:
  Review article: the pathophysiological roles of the renin–angiotensin system in the gastrointestinal tract

summary:
  Cloning and functional expression as a captoprilinsensitive carboxypeptidase Differential tissue and enzyme inhibitory effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat in the rat Intestinal renin-angiotensin system is stimulated after deletion of Lkb1 Angiotensin II induced contraction of rat and human small intestinal wall musculature in vitro Angiotensin II-induced contractions in human jejunal wall musculature in vitro Angiotensin receptors and angiotensin I-converting enzyme in rat intestine Autoradiographic characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in rat intestine Characterisation of AT1 angiotensin receptors on cultured rat intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells Identification of a previously unrecognized production site of human renin Involvement of an enterocyte reninangiotensin system in the local control of SGLT1-dependent glucose uptake across the rat small intestinal brush border membrane Angiotensinogen gene is expressed and differentially regulated in multiple tissues of the rat Plasma and tissue levels of proangiotensin-12 and components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) following low-or high-salt feeding in rats Angiotensin II type 2 receptormediated duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion in the rat Interactions between angiotensin peptides and the sympathetic nervous system mediating intestinal sodium and water absorption in the rat Response of isolated rat jejunum to angiotensin peptides Response of rat jejunum to angiotensin III: pharmacology and mechanism of action Regulation of jejunal sodium and water absorption by angiotensin subtype receptors Regulation of intestinal fluid transport by angiotensin II: mechanisms and physiological significance Compartmentalization of extracellular cGMP determines absorptive or secretory responses in the rat jejunum Rat intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme: purification, properties, expression, and function Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine A protein complex in the brushborder membrane explains a Hartnup disorder allele Immunohistochemical localization of angiotensin II receptor and local renin-angiotensin system in human colonic mucosa Stimulatory action of angiotensin II on water and electrolyte transport by the proximal colon of the rat The action of angiotensin on the human colon in vitro Increased colonic mucosal angiotensin I and II concentrations in Crohn's colitis A marker of microvascular complications Angiotensin II stimulates interleukin-6 release from cultured mouse mesangial cells Signal transduction mechanisms of the angiotensin II type AT-receptor: looking beyond the heterotrimeric G protein paradigm Potential roles of angiotensin receptor-activating autoantibody in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney Angiotensin receptor blockers and angiogenesis: clinical and experimental evidence Recent advances in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis Angiotensin III increases MCP-1 and activates NF-kappaB and AP-1 in cultured mesangial and mononuclear cells Angiotensin III stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal gland partially via angiotensin II type 2 receptor but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor Stimulation of different subtypes of angiotensin II receptors, AT1 and AT2 receptors, regulates STAT activation by negative crosstalk Direct angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation acts anti-inflammatory through epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB Angiotensin II stimulates thick ascending limb


id: cord-339752-o6atz33c
author: Xiao, Li
date: 2020-04-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3976
sentence: 186
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-339752-o6atz33c.txt
txt: txt/cord-339752-o6atz33c.txt
title:
  ACE2: The Key Molecule for Understanding the Pathophysiology of Severe and Critical Conditions of COVID-19: Demon or Angel?

summary:
  As SARS-CoV-2 reduces ACE2 expression, there is not enough ADAM17-shed circulating ACE2 against the Ang II signaling-induced inflammatory injuries, and inflammation is accelerated until the immune system is overwhelmed. As SARS-CoV-2 reduces ACE2 expression, there is not enough ADAM17-shed circulating ACE2 against the Ang II signaling-induced inflammatory injuries, and inflammation is accelerated until the immune system is overwhelmed.


id: cord-311099-59pnm4fn
author: Lubel, John S
title: Liver disease and the renin–angiotensin system: Recent discoveries and clinical implications
date: 2008-06-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7737
sentence: 285
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-311099-59pnm4fn.txt
txt: txt/cord-311099-59pnm4fn.txt
summary:
  A study in the isolated perfused rat liver Hemodynamic and antifibrotic effects of losartan in rats with liver fibrosis and/or portal hypertension Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists as therapy in chronic liver disease Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on portal pressure in cirrhosis Randomized comparison of long-term losartan versus propranolol in lowering portal pressure in cirrhosis Chronic administration of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is not effective in reducing portal pressure in patients with preascitic cirrhosis Hemodynamic effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension The levels of renin activity, angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II in cirrhotic patients with ascites undergoing portacaval shunt Effects of captopril on renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites Acute effects of captopril on systemic and renal hemodynamics and on renal function in cirrhotic patients with ascites Clinical usefulness of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy Effects of captopril on hepatic venous pressure and blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis Captopril reduces portal pressure effectively in portal hypertensive patients with low portal venous velocity Haemodynamic effects of enalaprilat on portal hypertension in patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis Effect of enalapril treatment and sclerotherapy of esophageal varices on hepatic hemodynamics in portal hypertension Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study A1166C angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism may predict hemodynamic response to losartan in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in the progression of human liver fibrosis Hepatic chymase level in chronic hepatitis: colocalization of chymase with fibrosis Renin-angiotensin system inhibition: how much is too much of a good thing Endogenous angiotensin II levels and the mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonists aldosterone and renal haemodynamics in cirrhosis with ascites Hepatic hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis Diagnostic significance of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in biochemical tests with special reference of chronic liver diseases Liver fibrosis: a balance of ACEs? The renin-angiotensin system in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis: evidence for a protective role of Angiotensin Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme Converting enzyme determines plasma clearance of angiotensin-(1-7) Pathways for angiotensin-(1-7) metabolism in pulmonary and renal tissues Angiotensin 1-7 reduces bile duct proliferation and hepatic fibrosis in the bile duct ligated rat Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a negative regulator of chronic liver injury Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function Upregulation of the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in the bile duct ligation (BDL) model of hepatic fibrosis does not affect hepatic sinusoidal resistance Hepatic conversion of angiotensin I and the portal hypertensive response to angiotensin II in normal and regenerating liver Angiotensin-(1-7)-stimulated nitric oxide and superoxide release from endothelial cells Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis Influence of caveolin on constitutively activated recombinant eNOS: insights into eNOS dysfunction in BDL rat liver Reactive hyperreninemia is a major determinant of plasma angiotensin II during ACE inhibition Gradual reactivation of vascular angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion during chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus Determinants of increased angiotensin II levels in severe chronic heart failure patients despite ACE inhibition How often are angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations raised during chronic ACE inhibitor treatment in cardiac failure? Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in human cirrhotic livers: Its relation to fibrosis and portal hypertension Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on renal angiotensin-(1-7) forming enzymes and receptors Divergent regulation of circulating and intrarenal renin-angiotensin systems in response to long-term blockade Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to the antihypertensive effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system The role of Ang (1-7) in mediating the chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in normal rats Vasodepressor actions of angiotensin-(1-7) unmasked during combined treatment with lisinopril and losartan Evidence that prostaglandins mediate the antihypertensive actions of angiotensin-(1-7) during chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensin system Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors Pharmacological effects of AVE 0991, a nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) receptor agonist Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and new insights into the renin-angiotensin system Dr John Lubel is a recipient of an Australia National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) scholarship, and Peter Angus and Louise Burrell hold an NHMRC project grant (509315). The regulatory role of AT 1 receptor on activated HSCs in hepatic fibrogenesis: effects of RAS inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system attenuates liver enzyme-altered preneoplastic lesions and fibrosis development in rats Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II antagonist, on secondary biliary cirrhosis Effect of losartan on early liver fibrosis development in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker inhibits fibrosis in rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Effects of six months losartan administration on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients: a pilot study AT1 receptor antagonist Candesartan in selected cirrhotic patients: effect on portal pressure and liver fibrosis markers Effect of angiotensin receptor antagonist on liver fibrosis in early stages of chronic hepatitis C Combined effect of an ACE inhibitor, perindopril, and interferon on liver fibrosis markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C Beneficial effect of angiotensin-blocking agents on graft fibrosis in hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation Therapeutic efficacy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Inhibitory effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonist on hepatic stellate cell activation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Development, structure and function of the liver Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis Angiotensin II induces contraction and proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells Upregulation of hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-(1-7) levels in experimental biliary fibrosis Vasoactive agents in intrahepatic portal hypertension and fibrogenesis: implications for therapy Differential response of normal and cirrhotic liver to vasoactive agents.


id: cord-006553-0rmuvb5i
author: Lew, Rebecca A.
title: Characterization of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) in Human Urine
date: 2006-05-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2944
sentence: 88
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-006553-0rmuvb5i.txt
txt: txt/cord-006553-0rmuvb5i.txt
summary:
  It is not yet known which part of the renal tubular system is the source of urinary ACE2 activity. Immunoblot analysis of urinary ACE2 revealed an immunoreactive band at approximately 110 kDa in each of two individual urine samples (Figure 3 ).


id: cord-314102-8jf3fnqe
author: Wu, Jie
title: Advances in research on ACE2 as a receptor for 2019-nCoV
date: 2020-08-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8459
sentence: 320
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-314102-8jf3fnqe.txt
txt: txt/cord-314102-8jf3fnqe.txt
summary:
  Although HCoV-NL63, 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV all invade host cells via ACE2 receptors, only the latter two viruses share homology and similarity in their genome sequences [23, 24] . 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV are both β CoVs, sharing the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.7%) across their whole genomes [25] . Therefore, it is speculated that like SARS-CoV, 2019-nCoV infects host cells via the mediating effects of its S protein and ACE2 receptors on the surfaces of human cells.


id: cord-342478-2k2eb1rk
author: Ogunlade, Blessing
title: The Actin Bundling Protein Fascin-1 as an ACE2-Accessory Protein
date: 2020-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4850
sentence: 169
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-342478-2k2eb1rk.txt
txt: txt/cord-342478-2k2eb1rk.txt
summary:
  Overexpression of fascin-1 attenuates the effects of Ang-II on ACE2 activity. In untransfected HEK293T cells, ACE2 activity was below detection limit (328 ± 645 a.u., n = 6).


id: cord-326405-3446eyi3
author: Wysocki, Jan
title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: Possible role in hypertension and kidney disease
date: 2008-02-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5667
sentence: 255
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-326405-3446eyi3.txt
txt: txt/cord-326405-3446eyi3.txt
summary:
  ACE2 expression and activity are initially increased in the SHR kidney at birth, but with the onset of hypertension, the tubular expression of ACE2 falls in SHR compared with WKY Association of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 gene A/G polymorphism and elevated blood pressure in Chinese patients with metabolic syndrome Association study of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene (ACE2) polymorphisms and essential hypertension in northern Han Chinese Polymorphisms of ACE2 gene are associated with essential hypertension and antihypertensive effects of Captopril in women No association of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene (ACE2) polymorphisms with essential hypertension Association of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene polymorphisms with parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy in men. Studies using models of ACE2 ablation and the pharmacologic administration of an ACE2 inhibitor suggest that decreased ACE2 activity alone or in combination with increased ACE activity may play a role in both diseases.


id: cord-277766-rxmpi61o
author: Guang, Cuie
date: 2012-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9525
sentence: 382
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-277766-rxmpi61o.txt
txt: txt/cord-277766-rxmpi61o.txt
title:
  Three key proteases – angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2 and renin – within and beyond the renin-angiotensin system

summary:
  Here, we review three critical proteases (ACE, ACE2 and renin) within and beyond the RAS and thus intend to find new connections between natural plant and/or food resources and the RAS. Occurrence, gene encoding and structure of ACE ACE (EC 3.4.15.1) is a monomeric glycoprotein that is distributed in many tissues and biological fluids. ACE2 activity is also regulated by chloride ions; it has been proposed that chloride binding induces subtle changes in the conformation of the active site, which either facilitate or hinder substrate binding [6] .


id: cord-309619-glb2y82u
author: Domingo, Pere
title: The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)
date: 2020-07-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9372
sentence: 396
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt
txt: txt/cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt
summary:
  Front Immunol 2020 Relationships among lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and the pulmonary inflammation index in coronavirus (COVID-19) infected patients Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP2 protects against pulmonary tissue necrosis during influenza virus infection to promote host survival T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Adaptive immune cells temper initial innate responses Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): infection, immunological response, and vaccine development Bcl-xL inhibits T-cell apoptosis induced by expression of SARS coronavirus E protein in the absence of growth factors SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion Cell pyroptosis, a potential pathogenic mechanism of 2019-nCoV Infection (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Viroporin 3a activates the NLRP3 inflammasome Caspase-1-dependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Antibody responses against SARS coronavirus are correlated with disease outcome of infected individuals The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin Kidneys and fluids in pressure regulation. COVID-19 patients have high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage SARS-CoV-2 infects primarily type II pneumocytes through binding to the ACE2 receptor.


id: cord-001961-0ic7twhy
author: Ding, Dan
date: 2015-09-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4337
sentence: 180
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-001961-0ic7twhy.txt
txt: txt/cord-001961-0ic7twhy.txt
title:
  Vaccination against type 1 angiotensin receptor prevents streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy

summary:
  The ratio of kidney weight/body weight in diabetic groups was significantly increased compared with that in control group, substantial to the presence of renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Furthermore, ATRQβ-001 vaccination suppressed renal Ang II-AT1R activation and abrogated the downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-Ang (1–7), similar to olmesartan treatment, while no obvious feedback activation of circulating or local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was only observed in vaccine group.


id: cord-343225-8nxsrod5
author: Marquez, Alonso
title: An update on ACE2 amplification and its therapeutic potential
date: 2020-05-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6104
sentence: 243
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-343225-8nxsrod5.txt
txt: txt/cord-343225-8nxsrod5.txt
summary:
  That kidney over-expressed ACE2 can ameliorate glomerular injury in diabetic animals was also suggested by a study using adenoviral kidney ACE2 (Ad-ACE2) overexpression in STZ rats 63 . 65 Urinary ACE2 activity and kidney ACE2, however, did not Increase despite the profound augmentation of ACE2 in plasma.


id: cord-343736-htwlfqos
author: Liu, Qiang
title: miRNA-200c-3p is crucial in acute respiratory distress syndrome
date: 2017-06-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5522
sentence: 228
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-343736-htwlfqos.txt
txt: txt/cord-343736-htwlfqos.txt
summary:
  Additionally, the ACE2 protein expression levels were downregulated in A549 cells (Supplementary Figure S1e) and HEK293T cells (Supplementary Figure S1f) after infection with H5N1 influenza virus, which were consistent with our previous observations in the H5N1-infected mice lung tissues Here we show that avian influenza virus H5N1 induced the upregulation of miR-200c-3p, which was then demonstrated to target the 3′-untranslated region of ACE2.


id: cord-320331-wtxja5i9
author: Cabbab, Iris Louise N.
date: 2020-10-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10078
sentence: 314
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt
txt: txt/cord-320331-wtxja5i9.txt
title:
  Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: Current Knowledge and Potential Effects on Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection

summary:
  Hence, the reduction in prostaglandin E 2 and I 2 syntheses is the main mechanism by which NSAIDs directly contribute to increased ACE2 expression, which can be utilized by SARS-CoV-2 (Fig. 2) . This may suggest the promotion of coronavirus replication secondary to immunosuppression, or of increased ACE2 expression secondary to osmotic diuresis, which we hypothesized earlier above (Fig. 4) .


id: cord-002632-6he8sjpf
author: Goldstein, Benjamin
date: 2017-07-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4234
sentence: 137
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-002632-6he8sjpf.txt
txt: txt/cord-002632-6he8sjpf.txt
title:
  Alterations in Gene Expression of Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Its Related Enzymes in Lung Cancer

summary:
  AGTR1, ACE, ENPEP, MME, and PRCP, which encode the AT(1) angiotensin II receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, aminopeptidase N, neprilysin, and prolylcarboxypeptidase, respectively, were also underexpressed. Consistent with an oncogenic activity of the RAS in lung, AT 1 receptor inhibition decreases the metastasis of lung cancer cells [31] .


id: cord-352004-0mdh1jmo
author: Tamanna, Sonia
title: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Small for Gestational Age
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5475
sentence: 206
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-352004-0mdh1jmo.txt
txt: txt/cord-352004-0mdh1jmo.txt
summary:
  ACE2 activity was positively correlated with ACE2 levels (r = 0.215, P = 0.041). However, the ratio between ACE2 activity and ACE2 levels was significantly decreased in women with SGA pregnancies compared with normal pregnancies (P = 0.005; Figure 4G) , this was significant at 13, 18, and 30 weeks of gestation but not at 36 weeks.


id: cord-274259-voyzq05n
author: De Mello, Walmor C.
date: 2014-06-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2797
sentence: 111
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-274259-voyzq05n.txt
txt: txt/cord-274259-voyzq05n.txt
title:
  Regulation of cell volume and water transport – An old fundamental role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system components at the cellular level

summary:
  key: cord-274259-voyzq05n authors: De Mello, Walmor C. title: Regulation of cell volume and water transport – An old fundamental role of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system components at the cellular level date: 2014-06-16 journal: Peptides DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.06.003 sha: doc_id: 274259 cord_uid: voyzq05n The expression and the role of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) components on regulation of cell volume and water transport on vertebrates and invertebrates were reviewed. It is then conceivable, that the improvement of cardiac function and decreased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during ischemia/reperfusion elicited by Ang (1-7), be related, at least in part, to the decrease of heart cell volume.


id: cord-344012-npob20n0
author: Gheblawi, Mahmoud
date: 2020-05-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10498
sentence: 351
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt
txt: txt/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt
title:
  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2

summary:
  Ang II can regulate ACE2 expression through the AT 1 R. Healthy hearts and kidneys are characterized by high levels of ACE2 mRNA and protein expression, with moderate expression of ACE. Pharmacological RAS blockade agents, ARBs, in particular, are capable of modulating both systemic and tissue RAS, and simultaneously increasing ACE2 expression and activity in experimental models.


id: cord-006302-pnnkfid0
author: Ioakeimidou, A.
date: 2017-04-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2947
sentence: 138
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-006302-pnnkfid0.txt
txt: txt/cord-006302-pnnkfid0.txt
title:
  Increase of circulating endocan over sepsis follow-up is associated with progression into organ dysfunction

summary:
  Community-and healthcareassociated infections in critically ill patients: a multicenter cohort study The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3) Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: from cellular dysfunctions to immunotherapy Angiopoietins in angiogenesis and beyond Endocan is a novel chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan that promotes hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor mitogenic activity SIS international sepsis definitions conference The international sepsis forum consensus definitions of infections in the intensive care unit Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) according to four DIC guidelines Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1/endocan: diagnostic and prognostic value in patients suffering from severe sepsis and septic shock Identification of a 14kDa fragment generated by cathepsin G, a novel circulating biomarker in sepsis Endocan, a new endothelial marker in human sepsis Characteristics of serum endocan levels in infection Lower serum endocan levels are associated with the development of acute lung injury after major trauma Evaluation of endothelial biomarkers as predictors of organ failures in septic shock patients Endocan is a useful biomarker of survival and severity in sepsis Endocan levels in peripheral blood predict outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome Inhibition of caspase-1 activation in gram-negative sepsis and experimental endotoxemia Reversal of immunoparalysis in humans in vivo: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot study Endocan and Ang-2 were the only parameters that were significantly increased among patients who worsened.


id: cord-007267-r3gfr1gk
author: Kondo, Masateru
date: 2018-10-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3443
sentence: 153
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-007267-r3gfr1gk.txt
txt: txt/cord-007267-r3gfr1gk.txt
title:
  Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition by Febuxostat in Macrophages Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Fibrosis

summary:
  XO expression and activity were induced by Ang II stimulation alone but not by Ang II + FEB in RAW. The mice were divided into 4 groups: control, Ang II, FEB, and Ang II + FEB (n = 10-15).


id: cord-277669-uujny2dm
author: Lumpuy-Castillo, Jairo
date: 2020-09-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7451
sentence: 322
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt
txt: txt/cord-277669-uujny2dm.txt
title:
  Cardiovascular Damage in COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

summary:
  The Science Underlying COVID-19: Implications for the Cardiovascular System SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues A Suspicious Role of Interferon in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 by Enhancing Expression of ACE2 Structural Variations in Human ACE2 May Influence Its Binding With SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein ACE2 Receptor Polymorphism: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, Hypertension, Multi-Organ Failure, and COVID-19 Disease Outcome ACE2 Gene Variants May Underlie Interindividual Variability and Susceptibility to COVID-19 in the Italian Population The Expression and Polymorphism of Entry Machinery for COVID-19 in Human: Juxtaposing Population Groups, Gender, and Different Tissues Molecular Simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to Pangolin ACE2 or Human ACE2 Natural Variants Reveals Altered Susceptibility to Infection Human ACE2 Receptor Polymorphisms Predict SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility. In addition, the presence of ACE2 receptors on the myocardium provides a theoretical mechanism for direct SARS-CoV-2 infection [23, 54] (Figure 1 ).


id: cord-000570-0qkzd2w4
author: Ferreira, Anderson J.
date: 2012-01-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6284
sentence: 255
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-000570-0qkzd2w4.txt
txt: txt/cord-000570-0qkzd2w4.txt
title:
  New Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin-(1–7)/Mas Receptor Axis

summary:
  Lisinopril attenuates acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in humans The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease Angiotensin II is mitogenic for human lung fibroblasts via activation of the type 1 receptor Pulmonary capillary endothelium-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in acute lung injury The tissue reninangiotensin system and intracellular signalling Vascular and cardiac benefits of angiotensin receptor blockers Reninangiotensin-aldosterone system blockade for cardiovascular diseases: current status Renin-angiotensinaldosterone blockade for cardiovascular disease prevention Compared evolution of plasma fibronectin and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in septic ARDS Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of angiotensin-(1-7), an endogenous antiangiogenic hormone The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiogenesis-(1-7)/Mas axis confers cardiopulmonary protection against lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension Regulation of alveolar epithelial cell survival by the ACE-2/angiotensin 1-7/Mas axis Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to the antihypertensive effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system Effect of angiotensin-(1-7) and bradykinin in patients with heart failure treated with an ACE inhibitor Role of angiotensin-(1-7) in the modulation of the baroreflex in renovascular hypertensive rats The role of ACE2 in cardiovascular physiology Functional angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is expressed in human cardiac myofibroblasts Regulation of ACE2 in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activation protects against hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis involving extracellular signal-regulated kinases Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Mineralocorticoid receptor blocker increases angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 activity in congestive heart failure patients Olmesartan improves left ventricular function in pressure-overload hypertrophied rat heart by blocking angiotensin II receptor with synergic effects of upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function Altered blood pressure responses and normal cardiac phenotype in ACE2-null mice Deletion of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 accelerates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing local angiotensin II Primary role of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 in cardiac production of angiotensin-(1-7) in transgenic Ren-2 hypertensive rats Loss of angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 accelerates maladaptive left ventricular remodeling in response to myocardial infarction Prevention of angiotensin II-mediated renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in ren-2 hypertensive rats Protection from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by systemic lentiviral delivery of ACE2 in rats ACE2 gene transfer attenuates hypertension-linked pathophysiological changes in the SHR Cardiac overexpression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 protects the heart from ischemia-induced pathophysiology ACE2 overexpression ameliorates left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in a rat model of myocardial infarction Converting enzyme activity and angiotensin metabolism in the dog brainstem Release of vasopressin from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by angiotensin-(1-7) heptapeptide Cardiac angiotensin-(1-7) in ischemic cardiomyopathy Impairment of in vitro and in vivo heart function in angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas knockout mice Production of angiotensin-(1-7) by human vascular endothelium Angiotensin-(1-7): cardioprotective effect in myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion Mas receptor axis is expressed in sinoatrial node cells of rats Enalapril, irbesartan, and angiotensin-(1-7) prevent atrial tachycardiainduced ionic remodeling Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates the development of heart failure after myocardial infarction in rats Angiotensin-(1-7) improves the post-ischemic function in isolated perfused rat hearts Effects of genetic deletion of angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas on cardiac function during ischemia/reperfusion in the isolated perfused mouse heart Interplay of angiotensin II and angiotensin(1-7) in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases of human cardiocytes Angiotensin-(1-7) ameliorates myocardial remodeling and interstitial fibrosis in spontaneous hypertension: role of MMPs/TIMPs Molecular mechanisms involved in the angiotensin Mas signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes Angiotensin-(1-7) prevents cardiomyocyte pathological remodeling through a nitric oxide/guanosine 3 ,5 -cyclic monophosphate-dependent pathway Angiotensin-(1-7) inhibits growth of cardiac myocytes through activation of the Mas receptor Angiotensin-(1-7) has a dual role on growth-promoting signalling pathways in rat heart in vivo by stimulating STAT3 and STAT5a/b phosphorylation and inhibiting angiotensin II-stimulated ERK1/2 and Rho kinase activity ACE2, a new regulator of the renin-angiotensin system Angiotensin-(1-7) through receptor Mas mediates endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation via Akt-dependent pathways Angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor as a potential targets for new cardiovascular drugs Endothelial dysfunction and elevated blood pressure in Mas gene-deleted mice ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of vascular growth by angiotensin Therapeutic implications of the vasoprotective axis of the reninangiotensin system in cardiovascular diseases Angiotensin-(1-7) dilates canine coronary arteries through kinins and nitric oxide Release of nitric oxide by angiotensin-(1-7) from porcine coronary endothelium: implications for a novel angiotensin receptor Angiotensin-(1-7) causes endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine middle cerebral artery Comparative effects of angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin II on piglet pial arterioles Differential responses to angiotensin-(1-7) in the feline mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds Vasodilator action of angiotensin-(1-7) on isolated rabbit afferent arterioles Synergistic effect of angiotensin-(1-7) on bradykinin arteriolar dilation in vivo Potentiation of bradykinin by angiotensin-(1-7) on arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats studied in vivo Effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on forearm circulation in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension 1A-779 attenuates angiotensin-(1-7) depressor response in salt-induced hypertensive rats Angiotensin-(1-7) augments bradykinin-induced vasodilation by competing with ACE and releasing nitric oxide Angiotensin-(1-7) acts as a vasodepressor agent via angiotensin II type 2 receptors in conscious rats Evidence for a new angiotensin-(1-7) receptor subtype in the aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats Signal transduction mechanisms involved in angiotensin-(1-7)-stimulated arachidonic acid release and prostanoid synthesis in rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells Nonpeptide AVE 0991 is an angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas agonist in the mouse kidney Shortterm angiotensin(1-7) receptor Mas stimulation improves endothelial function in normotensive rats Angiotensin-(1-7) is a modulator of the human renin-angiotensin system Inhibition of PKC and ERK1/2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells by angiotensin The counterregulating role of ACE2 and ACE2-mediated angiotensin 1-7 signaling against angiotensin II stimulation in vascular cells Infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) reduces glomerulosclerosis through counteracting angiotensin II in experimental glomerulonephritis Evidence for Mas-mediated bradykinin potentiation by the angiotensin-(1-7) nonpeptide mimic AVE 0991 in normotensive rats Angiotensin(1-7) potentiates bradykinin-induced vasodilatation in man Potentiation of the hypotensive effect of bradykinin by short-term infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) in normotensive and hypertensive rats Angiotensin-(1-7) potentiates the coronary vasodilatatory effect of bradykinin in the isolated rat heart Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 confers endothelial protection and attenuates atherosclerosis Transgenic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 overexpression in vessels of SHRSP rats reduces blood pressure and improves endothelial function Structure-based identification of small-molecule angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activators as novel antihypertensive agents Haemodynamic and hormonal effects of captopril in primary pulmonary hypertension Antifibrotic effect of captopril and enalapril on paraquat-induced lung fibrosis in rats Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 is protective but downregulated in human and experimental lung fibrosis Evidence for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a therapeutic target for the prevention of pulmonary hypertension Prevention of pulmonary hypertension by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene transfer Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Role of the reninangiotensin system in control of sodium excretion and arterial pressure Kidneys and fluids in pressure regulation: small volume but large pressure changes Angiotensin-(1-7): an update The pulmonary renin-angiotensin system Role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and proinflammatory mediators in cardiovascular disease Purification and properties of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in human lung and its role on the metabolism of vasoactive peptides in pulmonary circulation A memorial to Robert Tiegerstedt: the centennial of renin discovery Recent advances in angiotensin II signaling Biological functions of angiotensin and its receptors Localization and function of angiotensin AT1 receptors Molecular and cellular mechanisms of angiotensin II-mediated cardiovascular and renal diseases Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system Angiotensin type 2 receptor dephosphorylates Bcl-2 by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 and induces apoptosis Role of AT2 receptors in angiotensin II-stimulated contraction of small mesenteric arteries in young SHR Angiotensin-(1-7) and the rat aorta: modulation by the endothelium Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous ligand for the G proteincoupled receptor Mas Expression of an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein produces cardioprotective effects in rats Prevention of angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodeling by angiotensin Angiotensin(1-7) blunts hypertensive cardiac remodeling by a direct effect on the heart Reduced isoproterenol-induced reninangiotensin changes and extracellular matrix deposition in hearts of TGR(A1-7)3292 rats Attenuation of isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis in transgenic rats harboring an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein in the heart Lifetime overproduction of circulating angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensioninduced cardiac dysfunction and remodeling Vascular relaxation, antihypertensive effect, and cardioprotection of a novel peptide agonist of the Mas receptor Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzymerelated carboxypeptidase A human homolog of angiotensinconverting enzyme: cloning and functional expression as a captopril-insensitive carboxypeptidase A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9 The renin-angiotensin system: importance in physiology and pathology


id: cord-012747-s4wf0pix
author: Prehn, Jochen H M
title: Angiogenin and tRNA fragments in Parkinson’s disease and neurodegeneration
date: 2020-03-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3479
sentence: 144
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-012747-s4wf0pix.txt
txt: txt/cord-012747-s4wf0pix.txt
summary:
  Delivery of angiogenin protein reduces neurodegeneration and delays disease progression in in vitro and in vivo models of ALS and in vitro models of PD. Many of the reported PD ANG variants were predicted to impair angiogenin protein function [38] .


id: cord-016335-z2movens
author: Ferrario, Carlos M.
date: 2010-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5768
sentence: 161
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-016335-z2movens.txt
txt: txt/cord-016335-z2movens.txt
title:
  Regulation of Cardiovascular Control Mechanisms by Angiotensin-(1–7) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

summary:
  Braz Angiotensin-(1-7) is a modulator of the human renin-angiotensin system Effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on the release of [ 3 H]norepinephrine from rat atria Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors Angiotensin-(1-7) formation in the intact human heart: in vivo dependence on angiotensin II as substrate Renin-angiotensin system as a therapeutic target in managing atherosclerosis Angiotensin-(1-7) reduces smooth muscle growth after vascular injury Inhibition of early atherogenesis by losartan in monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia Mechanisms linking angiotensin II and atherogenesis Renin-angiotensin system expression in rat bone marrow haematopoietic and stromal cells Effect of reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme gene expression and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on angiotensin and bradykinin peptide levels in mice Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function Effects of omapatrilat on the renin-angiotensin system in salt-sensitive hypertension Evidence for the formation of angiotensin-(1-7) and the inhibitory actions of the peptide on Na + , K + -ATPase activity in rat proximal tubules Omapatrilat treatment is associated with increased ACE-2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in spontaneously hypertensive rats Novel aspects of the renal renin-angiotensin system: angiotensin-(1-7), ace2 and blood pressure regulation Regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II in hypertension Why are angiotensin concentrations so high in the kidney? In contrast, blockade of Ang II receptors increases blood and tissue levels of Ang-(1-7) by: (i) increasing Ang I substrate availability through the dis-inhibition of Ang II-mediated renin release, and (ii) augmenting the rate of Ang II conversion into Ang-(1-7) via increased ACE2 expression and activity.


id: cord-002307-gk84fnb9
author: Kehoe, Patrick Gavin
date: 2016-11-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6487
sentence: 254
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-002307-gk84fnb9.txt
txt: txt/cord-002307-gk84fnb9.txt
title:
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is reduced in Alzheimer’s disease in association with increasing amyloid-β and tau pathology

summary:
  b Bar chart showing that ACE-2 activity varied according to ACE1 indel polymorphism (P < 0.05), with a trend towards reduced ACE-2 activity in ACE-1 II homozygotes. We assessed ACE-2 activity in relation to CAA severity and found, as for ACE-1 activity [4] , a tendency, although not significant, towards increased ACE-2 activity in cases with moderate to severe CAA compared with absent to mild CAA (P = 0.08) (Fig. 2c) .


id: cord-000072-2ygb80sc
author: van Meurs, Matijs
title: Bench-to-bedside review: Angiopoietin signalling in critical illness – a future target?
date: 2009-03-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6891
sentence: 337
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-000072-2ygb80sc.txt
txt: txt/cord-000072-2ygb80sc.txt
summary:
  ABIN-2 protects endothelial cells from death and has a role in the antiapoptotic effect of angiopoietin-1 Roles of reactive oxygen species in angiopoietin-1/tie-2 receptor signaling Differential function of Tie2 at cell-cell contacts and cell-substratum contacts regulated by angiopoietin-1 Angiopoietin-2 displays VEGFdependent modulation of capillary structure and endothelial cell survival in vivo Differential response of lymphatic, venous and arterial endothelial cells to angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 Biological action of angiopoietin-2 in a fibrin matrix model of angiogenesis is associated with activation of Tie2 Angiogenesis and inflammation face off Innate immunity and angiogenesis Transcriptional regulators of angiogenesis Extracellular matrix mediates a molecular balance between vascular morphogenesis and regression The Tie-2 ligand angiopoietin-2 destabilizes quiescent endothelium through an internal autocrine loop mechanism Angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor induce expression of inflammatory cytokines before angiogenesis Recombinant angiopoietin-1 restores higher-order architecture of growing blood vessels in mice in the absence of mural cells Contextual role for angiopoietins and TGFbeta1 in blood vessel stabilization Angiopoietin-1 is an apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells Direct actions of angiopoietin-1 on human endothelium: evidence for network stabilization, cell survival, and interaction with other angiogenic growth factors Angiopoietin-1 inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis via the Akt/survivin pathway Cyclic strain regulates the Notch/CBF-1 signaling pathway in endothelial cells: role in angiogenic activity Expression of Tie-2 by human monocytes and their responses to angiopoietin-2 Transcriptional and post-translation regulation of the Tie1 receptor by fluid shear stress changes in vascular endothelial cells Chemotactic properties of angiopoietin-1 and -2, ligands for the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 Obligatory participation of macrophages in an angiopoietin 2-mediated cell death switch Angiopoietin-2 causes inflammation in vivo by promoting vascular leakage Expressional regulation of the angiopoietin-1 and -2 and the endothelial-specific receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 in adrenal atrophy: a study of adrenocorticotropin-induced repair Angiopoietins: a link between angiogenesis and inflammation Angiopoietin-1 decreases plasma leakage by reducing number and size of endothelial gaps in venules Angiopoietin-1 protects the adult vasculature against plasma leakage Angiopoietin-1 negatively regulates expression and activity of tissue factor in endothelial cells Angiopoietin-1 is an antipermeability and anti-inflammatory agent in vitro and targets cell junctions Angiopoietin-1 reduces VEGF-stimulated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by reducing ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin expression Angiopoietin-1 inhibits endothelial permeability, neutrophil adherence and IL-8 production Angiopoietin 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor modulate human glomerular endothelial cell barrier properties Angiopoietin-2 sensitizes endothelial cells to TNF-alpha and has a crucial role in the induction of inflammation Hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor acutely up-regulate angiopoietin-1 and Tie2 mRNA in bovine retinal pericytes Hypoxic regulation of angiopoietin-2 expression in endothelial cells Regulation of angiopoietin expression by bacterial lipopolysaccharide Angiogenic growth factors in the pathophysiology of a murine model of acute lung injury Prevention of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing angiopoietin 1 Sequential induction of angiogenic growth factors by TNFalpha in choroidal endothelial cells Tumor necrosis factoralpha upregulates angiopoietin-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells Regulation of tie2 expression by angiopoietin-potential feedback system Osteoprotegerin upregulates endothelial cell adhesion molecule response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with induction of angiopoietin-2 Angiopoietin-mediated endothelial P-selectin translocation: cell signaling mechanisms Ang-2 and PDGF-BB cooperatively stimulate The role of adherens junctions and VE-cadherin in the control of vascular permeability VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction as a mechanical transducer in vascular endothelial cells Opposing effect of angiopoietin-1 on VEGF-mediated disruption of endothelial cell-cell interactions requires activation of PKC beta Angiopoietin-1 prevents VEGFinduced endothelial permeability by sequestering Src through mDia Stable interaction between alpha5beta1 integrin and Tie2 tyrosine kinase receptor regulates endothelial cell response to Ang-1 Elevated serum angiopoietin-2 correlates with degree of arteriosclerosis in CKD V patients Emerging roles of the angiopoietin-Tie and the ephrin-Eph systems as regulators of cell trafficking Endothelial immunogenicity: a matter of matrix microarchitecture Vascular bed origin dictates flow pattern regulation of endothelial adhesion molecule expression Angiogenesis: potentials for pharmacologic intervention in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation Angiogenesis treatment, new concepts on the horizon Inhibition of Tie-2 signaling induces endothelial cell apoptosis, decreases Akt signaling, and induces endothelial cell expression of the endogenous anti-angiogenic molecule, thrombospondin-1 Kerbel RS: Tumor angiogenesis Coadministration of angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor enhances collateral vascularization Combined angiopoietin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer restores cavernous angiogenesis and erectile function in a rat model of hypercholesterolemia Inhibitors of growth factor receptors, signaling pathways and angiogenesis as therapeutic molecular agents Biomedical significance of endothelial cell specific growth factor, angiopoietin Angiopoietin-2: modulator of vascular permeability in acute lung injury COMP-Ang1: a designed angiopoietin-1 variant with nonleaky angiogenic activity Renoprotective effect of COMP-angiopoietin-1 in db/db mice with type 2 diabetes Critical role of angiopoietins/Tie-2 in hyperglycemic exacerbation of myocardial infarction and impaired angiogenesis Vascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy increases survival, promotes lung angiogenesis, and prevents alveolar damage in hyperoxia-induced lung injury: evidence that angiogenesis participates in alveolarization Protective role of angiopoietin-1 in endotoxic shock Angiopoietin-1 prevents hypertension and target organ damage through its interaction with endothelial Tie2 receptor Angiopoietin 2 concentrations in infants developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia: attenuation by dexamethasone Inhibition of in vivo tumor angiogenesis and growth via systemic delivery of an angiopoietin 2-specific RNA aptamer Therapeutic application of RNAi: is mRNA targeting finally ready for prime time? Angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway influences smooth muscle hyperplasia in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension Relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 in asthmatics before and after inhaled beclomethasone therapy Normalization of the serum angiopoietin-1 to angiopoietin-2 ratio reflects response in refractory/resistant multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib Serum angiopoietin-2 as a clinical marker for lung cancer Angiopoietin-2 predicts disease-free survival after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in patients with high-risk myeloid malignancies The full cycle Angiopoietin 2 is a potential mediator of high-dose interleukin 2-induced vascular leak Angiopoietin-2 serum levels are elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma


id: cord-275676-fsumpj4n
author: Kintscher, Ulrich
date: 2020-09-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1246
sentence: 53
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-275676-fsumpj4n.txt
txt: txt/cord-275676-fsumpj4n.txt
title:
  Plasma Angiotensin Peptide Profiling and ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme)-2 Activity in COVID-19 Patients Treated With Pharmacological Blockers of the Renin-Angiotensin System

summary:
  In addition, increased ACE2 activity has been identified in multiple cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, CAD, and CHF, which are usually treated with ACE inhibitor. The data published so far on plasma ACE2 activity and Ang-(1-7) levels in patients without COVID treated with ACE inhibitor or ARBs are controversial.


id: cord-001982-arczqdza
author: Khajah, Maitham A.
title: Anti-Inflammatory Action of Angiotensin 1-7 in Experimental Colitis
date: 2016-03-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6231
sentence: 242
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-001982-arczqdza.txt
txt: txt/cord-001982-arczqdza.txt
summary:
  This suggest that the antiinflammatory properties of Ang 1-7 are in part mediated through reduction of Ang II levels. Ang II expression determined by immunoblotting was increased at days 4 and 6 post-colitis induction compared to UT mice (Fig 2A) , as was ACE2.


id: cord-287207-z6ddajd6
author: Shenoy, Vinayak
date: 2015-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3281
sentence: 138
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-287207-z6ddajd6.txt
txt: txt/cord-287207-z6ddajd6.txt
title:
  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis: Emerging Pharmacological Target for Pulmonary Diseases

summary:
  Also, inhibition/silencing of pulmonary ACE2 in rodents was associated with excessive lung collagen accumulation, suggesting that decreased ACE2 levels play a causal role in lung fibrogenesis. In vivo experimental studies revealed that lung ACE2 expression is markedly decreased upon SARS-CoV infection, which consequently leads to respiratory failure and death.


id: cord-005931-iggkxbbf
author: Phillips, M. Ian
title: Brain renin angiotensin in disease
date: 2008-04-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4351
sentence: 208
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-005931-iggkxbbf.txt
txt: txt/cord-005931-iggkxbbf.txt
summary:
  Brain RAS has neuronal effects far beyond cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis and may be developed for therapies for neurological dysfunctions The discovery of renin 100 years ago Angiotensin-forming enzyme in brain tissue A micromethod for the measurement of renin in brain nuclei: its application in spontaneously hypertensive rats The cerebral ventricles as the avenue for the dipsogenic action of intracranial angiotensin Subfornical organ: a dipsogenic site of action of angiotensin II Angiotensin II in central nervous system physiology Specific angiotensin II receptive neurons in the cat subfornical organ Lowering of hypertension by central saralasin in the absence of plasma renin Antisense inhibition of AT1 receptor mRNA and angiotensinogen mRNA in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces hypertension of neurogenic origin Wide distribution of immunoreactive renin in nerve cells of human brain Renin-like immunocytochemical activity in the rat and mouse brain Angiotensin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat Angiotensin synthesis in the brain and increased turnover in hypertensive rats Angiotensin II in rat brain comigrates with authentic angiotensin II in blood pressure liquid chromatography Presence of renin in primary neuronal and glial cells from rat brain Localization of angiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in the rat brain Identification of renin and angiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in rat brain Astrocytes synthesize angiotensinogen in brain Autoradiographic localization of angiotensin II receptors in rat brain Visualization of specific angiotensin II binding sites in the brain by fluorescent microscopy Functions of angiotensin in the central nervous system Preliminary biochemical characterization of two angiotensin II receptor subtypes Identification of angiotensin II receptor subtypes Germ-line transformation of mice Generation of transgenic mice with elevated blood pressure by introduction of the rat renin and angiotensinogen genes Studies on the regulation of renin genes using transgenic mice High blood pressure in transgenic mice carrying the rat angiotensinogen gene Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene The brain reninangiotensin system in transgenic mice carrying a highly regulated human renin transgene Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor Antisense inhibition of hypertension: a new strategy for renin-angiotensin candidate genes A decrease in angiotensin receptor binding in rat brain nuclei by antisense oligonucleotides to the angiotensin AT1 receptor Antisense oligonucleotide to AT1 receptor mRNA inhibits central angiotensin induced thirst and vasopressin The brain renin-angiotensin system contributes to the hypertension in mice containing both the human renin and human angiotensinogen transgenes Divergent functions of angiotensin II receptor isoforms in the brain Targeted viral delivery of the Cre recombinase induces conditional gene deletion in cardiovascular circuits of the mouse brain Localization of renin expressing cells in the brain using a REN-eGFP transgenic model Efficient liver-specific deletion of the floxed human angiotensinogen transgene by adenoviral delivery of the Cre recombinase in vivo Potentiation of cholinergic transmission in the rat hippocampus by angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin-7 A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. It activates behavioral effects by selective activation of ANG II receptor subtypes in different locations.


id: cord-006439-q7m4srvp
author: Nakagawa, Pablo
date: 2020-01-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6460
sentence: 215
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-006439-q7m4srvp.txt
txt: txt/cord-006439-q7m4srvp.txt
title:
  The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Central Nervous System and Its Role in Blood Pressure Regulation

summary:
  Then, novel translatable strategies to attenuate the upregulation of brain RAS activity in human resistant hypertension will be also discussed. These findings resulted in considerable advances in utilizing brain RAS blockade or RAS modulation as a therapeutic strategy to treat diseases beyond neurogenic hypertension.


id: cord-006082-x1kankxd
author: Romero, Cesar A.
title: Novel RAAS agonists and antagonists: clinical applications and controversies
date: 2015-02-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8437
sentence: 330
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt
txt: txt/cord-006082-x1kankxd.txt
summary:
  Abbreviations: AT1, type-1 angiotensin II receptor; AT2, type-2 angiotensin II receptor; IRAP, leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (also known as insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase or insulin-responsive aminopeptidase); MAS1, proto-oncogene Mas; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Ang, angiotensin; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARN, angiotensin receptorneprilysin; AT1, type-1 angiotensin II receptor; AT2, type-2 angiotensin II receptor; IRAP, leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (also known as insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase or insulin-responsive aminopeptidase); MAS1, proto-oncogene Mas; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.


id: cord-017585-0llgr357
author: Chappell, Mark C.
title: Role of ACE, ACE2 and Neprilysin in the Kidney
date: 2007
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7586
sentence: 205
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-017585-0llgr357.txt
txt: txt/cord-017585-0llgr357.txt
summary:
  Braz Enhanced renal immunocytochemical expression of ANG-(1-7) and ACE2 during pregnancy Elevated blood pressure and heart rate in human renin receptor transgenic rats Angiotensin II and its receptors in the diabetic kidney Effect of reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme gene expression and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on angiotensin and bradykinin peptide levels in mice Effects of neutral endopeptidase inhibition and combined angiotensin converting enzyme and neutral endopeptidase inhibition on angiotensin and bradykinin peptides in rats Differential regulation of angiotensin peptide levels in plasma and kidney of the rat Newly recognized components of the Renin-Angiotensin system: potential roles in cardiovascular and renal regulation Prolyl oligopeptidase is involved in release of the antifibrotic peptide Ac-SDKP Angiotensin-(1-7) is an endogenous peptide in the rat brain: evidence for differential processing of angiotensin peptides Processing of angiotensin peptides by NG108-15 neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell line Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin converting enzyme Angiotensin-(1-7) in hypertension Release of angiotensin-(1-7) from the rat hindlimb: influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition Pathways of angiotensin-(1-7) metabolism in the kidney Omapatrilat treatment is associated with increased ACE-2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in spontaneously hypertensive rats Estrogen or the AT1 antagonist olmesartan reverses the development of profound hypertension in the congenic mRen2.Lewis rat Novel aspects of the renal renin-angiotensin system: angiotensin-(1-7), ACE2 and blood pressure regulation Estrogen and salt sensitivity in the female mRen(2).Lewis rat Hydrolysis of angiotensin peptides by human angiotensin I-converting enzyme and the resensitization of B 2 kinin receptors Angiotensin-(1-7) downregulates the angiotensin II type 1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells Angiotensin-(1-7) reduces renal angiotensin II receptors through a cylocoxygenase dependent pathway Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is an essential regulator of heart function N-domain specific substrate and C-domain inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme ACE2 gene transfer attenuates hypertension-linked pathophysiological changes in the SHR RXP 407, a phosphinic peptide, is a potent inhibitor of angiotensin I converting enzyme able to differentiate between its two active sites A novel angiotensin-converting enzymerelated carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9 New mass spectrometric assay for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity Potentiation of bradykinin by angiotensin-(1-7) on arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats studied in vivo Characterization of angiotensin-(1-7) in the urine of normal and essential hypertensive subjects Effects of omapatrilat on the renin angiotensin system in salt sensitive hypertension Vasopeptidase inhibition and angiotensin-(1-7) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme 2 -7) forming enzymes and receptors Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in the regulation of cardiovascular function Distinct roles for Ang II and ANG-(1-7) in the regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in rat astrocytes Roles of the two active sites of somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme in the cleavage of angiotensin I and bradykinin: insights from selective inhibitors Membrane-associated zinc peptidase families: comparing ACE and ACE2 Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme Potential mechanisms and physiologic actions of intracellular angiotensin II Intrarenal AT 1 receptor and ACE binding in ANG II-induced hypertensive rats Postovariectomy hypertension is linked to increased renal AT1 receptor and salt sensitivity Angiotensin I-converting enzyme isoforms (high and low molecular weight) in urine of premature and full-term infants Renin increases mesangial cell transforming growth factor-B1 matrix proteins through receptormediated, angiotensin II-independent mechanisms Angiotensin II AT1 receptors regulate ace2 and angiotensin-(1-7) expression in aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats Contribution of angiotensin II internalization to intrarenal angiotensin II levels in rats Angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to the antihypertensive effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system Evidence that prostaglandins mediate the antihypertensive actions of angiotensin-(1-7) during chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensin system Effect of angiotensin II blockade on a new congenic model of hypertension derived from transgenic Ren-2 rats Mineralocorticoid receptor blocker increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activity in congestive heart failure patients ACE2 activity is increased in monocytederived macrophages from prehypertensive subjects Aldosterone enhances renin expression in juxtaglomerular cells Expression of angiotensinogen mRNA and protein in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension CK2 phosphorylates the angiotensinconverting enzyme and regulates its retention in the endothelial cell plasma membrane Omapatrilat and Enalapril in Patients With Hypertension: The Omapatrilat Cardiovascular Treatment vs. Enalapril (OCTAVE) Trial Differential tissue and enzyme inhibitory effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat in the rat Tumor necrosis factor-a convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-Co-V) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) Moreover, in an animal model of tissue-depleted ACE that preserves circulating levels of the enzyme, renal Ang II is significantly reduced (Modrall et al 2003) .


id: cord-006087-hynkb0a8
author: Acharya, K. Ravi
title: Ace revisited: A new target for structure-based drug design
date: 2003
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8159
sentence: 269
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-006087-hynkb0a8.txt
txt: txt/cord-006087-hynkb0a8.txt
summary:
  Interestingly, ACE2 is not inhibited by ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril, captopril and enalaprilat. has been attributed to a direct vascular protective and anti-atherogenic effect of ACE inhibitors, because it has been observed even in normotensive individuals 69 .


id: cord-304976-egbl3ljp
author: Allen, A.M.
title: Neuronal Angiotensin
date: 2008-11-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3670
sentence: 142
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-304976-egbl3ljp.txt
txt: txt/cord-304976-egbl3ljp.txt
summary:
  Subsequent N-terminal cleavage of Ang II produces the heptapeptide Ang III, which is equipotent at Ang II receptors and may be an important ligand in some tissues. However, in support of the veracity of the maps of Ang II distribution, there is a very high concordance in the distributions of Ang II-like immunoreactive nerve terminals and Ang II AT 1 receptors throughout the brain.


id: cord-273595-fkk4ry62
author: Jing, Yan
title: Potential influence of COVID-19/ACE2 on the female reproductive system
date: 2020-05-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4134
sentence: 100
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-273595-fkk4ry62.txt
txt: txt/cord-273595-fkk4ry62.txt
summary:
  Evidence has been accumulating that besides lung injury, 2019-nCoV also damages the human heart Zheng et al., 2020) , liver (Chen et al., 2020c; Zhang et al., 2020b) , kidney (Chen et al., 2020c; Huang et al., 2020; and nervous system (Li et al., 2020c; Mao et al., 2020) . 2019-nCoV infection poses a great threat to pregnant women and fetuses, causing premature birth (20.8%, 25/120), fetal distress (26.7%, 12/45), premature rupture of fetal membranes (13.0%, 10/77) and cesarean section (92.6%, 63/68) Chen et al., 2020b; Ferrazzi et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020a; Liu et al., 2020; Zeng et al., 2020; Zhu et al., 2020) .


id: cord-026680-ksacxsdk
author: Shoieb, Sherif M.
date: 2020-06-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6437
sentence: 237
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-026680-ksacxsdk.txt
txt: txt/cord-026680-ksacxsdk.txt
title:
  Resveratrol attenuates angiotensin II-induced cellular hypertrophy through the inhibition of CYP1B1 and the cardiotoxic mid-chain HETE metabolites

summary:
  We investigated the effect of low and high concentrations of resveratrol on mRNA and protein expression levels of CYP1B1 in RL-14 and H9c2 cells and the results showed that while Ang II (10 μM) had no significant effect on CYP1B1 mRNA level in comparison to control group in both cell lines, co-treatment with Ang II and resveratrol (2, 10 or 50 μM) or resveratrol alone (2, 10 or 50 μM) significantly decreased the transcription level of CYP1B1, compared to Ang II group, in both cell lines (Figs. 3a, 4a) . In RL-14 cells, low and high concentrations of resveratrol (2, 10 or 50 μM) in combination with Ang II significantly decreased CYP1B1 protein expression by approximately 19%, 28% or 58%, respectively, compared to Ang II group.


id: cord-028640-kxrmzyo8
author: Wei, Wen-Ying
date: 2020-07-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5125
sentence: 227
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-028640-kxrmzyo8.txt
txt: txt/cord-028640-kxrmzyo8.txt
title:
  Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 prevents pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

summary:
  To validate the critical effects of sFRP2 overexpression on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mouse cardiac hypertrophy, LiCl (1 mmol/kg per day) was intraperitoneally injected into cardiac hypertrophy mice two weeks before sacrifice. We observed that compared with baseline levels, cardiac sFRP2 expression was increased by approximately 3.5 fold in AAV9-sFRP2-infected mice after 8 weeks (Fig. 2a-c) .


id: cord-291146-f3e5ynhu
author: Sarangarajan, Rangaprasad
date: 2020-09-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4330
sentence: 142
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt
txt: txt/cord-291146-f3e5ynhu.txt
title:
  Ethnic Prevalence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion (D) Polymorphism and COVID-19 Risk: Rationale for Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

summary:
  The study objective was to describe a biological framework associating ethnic prevalence of ACE deletion polymorphism to COVID-19 comorbidities providing rationale for therapeutic utility of ACE-I/ARBs to improve outcomes. The figure describes the increased activation of ACE and generation of Ang-II as a consequence of COVID-19-mediated reduction in ACE2 in the presence of ACE deletion polymorphism.


id: cord-297178-moxhk2e0
author: Novaes Rocha, Vinicius
date: 2020-10-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3277
sentence: 115
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-297178-moxhk2e0.txt
txt: txt/cord-297178-moxhk2e0.txt
title:
  Viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 could be self-limitative - the role of the renin-angiotensin system on COVID-19 pathophysiology

summary:
  Therefore individuals with greater expression of tissue ACE, and consequently, greater production of Ang II, will present a decrease in tissue ACE2 and an increase in soluble ACE2 (systemic), due to greater activation of ADAM17 and ACE2 cleavage. Thus, due to higher levels of circulating ACE2, men may present a lower level of tissue ACE2, becoming more vulnerable to local SARS imbalance after SARS-Cov-2 infection.


id: cord-291595-8241pjpe
author: Mahmudpour, Mehdi
title: COVID-19 cytokine storm: The anger of inflammation
date: 2020-05-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5861
sentence: 245
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt
txt: txt/cord-291595-8241pjpe.txt
summary:
  The first case of COVID-19 treated with the complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101 Angiotensin II stimulates canonical TGF-β signaling pathway through angiotensin type 1 receptor to induce granulation tissue contraction COVID-19: a case for inhibiting IL-17? Principles of separation: indications and therapeutic targets for plasma exchange Roles of angiotensin peptides and recombinant human ACE2 in heart failure Recombinant human ACE2: acing out angiotensin II in ARDS therapy Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 inhibits lung injury induced by respiratory syncytial virus Prosper, Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinicalgrade soluble human N-methylacetamide, fumarate (LF22-0542), a novel nonpeptidic bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist From bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists to orally active and selective bradykinin B1 receptor antagonists Discovery and development of the complement inhibitor eculizumab for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria Many drugs for many targets: novel treatments for complement-mediated glomerular disease Soluble CR1 therapy improves complement regulation in C3 glomerulopathy Increased activity of the RAAS system occurs in the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm. It is a state of out-of-control release of a variety of inflammatory cytokines.


id: cord-349445-yh6ndtgm
author: Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar
title: Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost
date: 2020-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11864
sentence: 406
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt
txt: txt/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt
summary:
  As well, NEP could not affect lung Ang (1-7) metabolism because it was involved in the metabolism of Ang (1-7) within tissues other than pulmonary tissues, as renal cortex. Subsequently, RAS exhibits two main axes based on two distinct enzymes responsible for cleavage of Ang I into angiotensin (Ang) II or Ang 1-7 [51] , First axis involves generation of Ang II as the main effector via the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and named the classical vasopressor axis ACE/ Ang II/ Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1)


id: cord-310124-3bc8zeww
author: Ratajczak, Mariusz Z.
date: 2020-07-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5172
sentence: 202
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-310124-3bc8zeww.txt
txt: txt/cord-310124-3bc8zeww.txt
title:
  SARS-CoV-2 Entry Receptor ACE2 Is Expressed on Very Small CD45(−) Precursors of Hematopoietic and Endothelial Cells and in Response to Virus Spike Protein Activates the Nlrp3 Inflammasome

summary:
  But at the same time, while expressed on the surface of human cells, ACE2 is the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 may i) directly infect human cells and lead to their lysis or damage or ii) upregulate mediators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which may eliminate cells in a Nlrp3 inflammasome hyperactivation-mediated manner by pyroptosis


id: cord-313664-qq0h68vc
author: Fyhrquist, F.
title: Renin‐angiotensin system revisited
date: 2008-08-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5949
sentence: 260
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-313664-qq0h68vc.txt
txt: txt/cord-313664-qq0h68vc.txt
summary:
  Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism predicts blood pressure response to angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist treatment in hypertensive patients Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism predicts response to losartan and angiotensin II Genetic variants of angiotensin II receptors and cardiovascular risk in hypertension Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor Anxiety-like behavior in mice lacking the angiotensin II type-2 receptor AGTR2 mutations in X-linked mental retardation A unique exonic splice enhancer mutation in a family with X-linked mental retardation F. Fyhrquist & O. Saijonmaa | Review: Renin-angiotensin system ª Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene Six truisms concerning ACE and the renin-angiotensin system deduced from the genetic analysis of mice Mice lacking endothelial ACE: normal blood pressure with elevated angiotensin II Blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists and the incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus: an emerging theme Novel therapies blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the management of hypertension and related disorders Novel drugs targeting hypertension: renin inhibitors and beyond Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in chronic kidney disease Telmisartan, ramipril or both in patients at high risk for vascular events Antidiabetic mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme: new class of orally active antihypertensive agents Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: a new paradigm Angiotensin II infusion decreases plasma adiponectin level via its type 1 receptor in rats: an implication for hypertension-related insulin resistance Renal and vascular hypertension-induced inflammation: role of angiotensin II Direct regulation of insulin secretion by angiotensin II in human islets of Langerhans Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade improves beta-cell function and glucose tolerance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes Studies of the interaction between glucagon and alpha-adrenergic agonists in the control of hepatic glucose output Angiotensin II type


id: cord-298490-p1msabl5
author: Obukhov, Alexander G.
date: 2020-07-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6509
sentence: 238
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-298490-p1msabl5.txt
txt: txt/cord-298490-p1msabl5.txt
title:
  SARS-CoV-2 Infections and ACE2: Clinical Outcomes Linked With Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes

summary:
  Increasing gut ACE2 by engineering probiotic species such as Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) to express this recombinant protein was a strategy used to prevent microvascular complications in diabetic mice. LP expressing the secretable ACE2 fused with the nontoxic subunit B of cholera toxin (which acts as a carrier to facilitate transmucosal transport), showed increased ACE2 activities in serum and tissues, and reduced diabetic complications (49) .


id: cord-015859-5kt59ose
author: Esch, Joep H.M. Van
title: Local Angiotensin Generation and AT(2) Receptor Activation
date: 2007
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9892
sentence: 338
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-015859-5kt59ose.txt
txt: txt/cord-015859-5kt59ose.txt
summary:
  Murine double nullizygotes of the angiotensin type 1A and 1B receptor genes duplicate severe abnormal phenotypes of angiotensinogen nullizygotes Angiotensin II type 2 receptor overexpression activates the vascular kinin system and causes vasodilation The angiotensin-converting enzyme gene family: genomics and pharmacology Identification of a highly specific chymase as the major angiotensin II-forming enzyme in the human heart Transendothelial transport of renin-angiotensin system components AT(2) receptor-mediated vasodilation in the mouse heart depends on AT(1A) receptor activation Selective angiotensin-converting enzyme C-domain inhibition is sufficient to prevent angiotensin I-induced vasoconstriction Adrenal angiotensin: origin and site of generation Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated accumulation of angiotensin II in tissues and its intracellular half-life in vivo Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevent cardiac remodeling in pigs after myocardial infarction: role of tissue angiotensin II Renal microvascular actions of angiotensin II fragments Vascular damage without hypertension in transgenic rats expressing prorenin exclusively in the liver Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase Angiotensin-(1-7) acts as a vasodepressor agent via angiotensin II type 2 receptors in conscious rats Differential regulation of in vivo angiogenesis by angiotensin II receptors The two homologous domains of human angiotensin I-converting enzyme are both catalytically active Expression and characterization of recombinant human angiotensin I-converting enzyme. We now know that the biological actions of Ang II in man are mediated by at least two types of Ang II receptors: Ang II type 1 (AT 1 ) and AT 2 receptors (Fig. 3 ).


id: cord-007707-c38fu1jv
author: Lu, Chen-Chen
title: Role of Podocyte Injury in Glomerulosclerosis
date: 2019-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14178
sentence: 470
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-007707-c38fu1jv.txt
txt: txt/cord-007707-c38fu1jv.txt
summary:
  Nestin protects mouse podocytes against high glucose-induced apoptosis by a Cdk5-dependent mechanism Roles of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger type 1 and intracellular pH in angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species generation and podocyte apoptosis Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy: fact or fiction? Rac1/PAK1 signaling promotes epithelialmesenchymal transition of podocytes in vitro via triggering beta-catenin transcriptional activity under high glucose conditions The unfolding tale of the unfolded protein response Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on glomerular basement membrane permeability and distribution of zonula occludens-1 in MWF rats Expression of toll-like receptor 9 in renal podocytes in childhood-onset active and inactive lupus nephritis Podocyte antigens, dendritic cells and T cells contribute to renal injury in newly developed mouse models of glomerulonephritis Stress signal network between hypoxia and ER stress in chronic kidney disease Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits angiotensin II-induced podocyte autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/PI3 K pathway Renin-angiotensin system within the diabetic podocyte Renal lipotoxicity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance affects actin cytoskeleton organization in podocytes Chylomicron remnants are increased in the postprandial state in CD36 deficiency Metabolism, energetics, and lipid biology in the podocyte-cellular cholesterol-mediated glomerular injury Cyclodextrin protects podocytes in diabetic kidney disease Glomerular-specific protein kinase C-beta-induced insulin receptor substrate-1 dysfunction and insulin resistance in rat models of diabetes and obesity Structure and function of podocytes: an update Podocyte injury underlies the glomerulopathy of Dahl salt-hypertensive rats and is reversed by aldosterone blocker Salt-induced nephropathy in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats via paradoxical activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor: role of oxidative stress Podocyte injury and its consequences Progressive podocyte injury and globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) accumulation in young patients with Fabry disease Glomerular filtration into the subpodocyte space is highly restricted under physiological perfusion conditions Angiotensin II contributes to podocyte injury by increasing TRPC6 expression via an NFAT-mediated positive feedback signaling pathway Regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT1) gene expression by angiotensin II in mesangial cells: involvement of HB-EGF and EGF receptor transactivation Another piece of the puzzle of podocyte B7-1 expression: lupus nephritis Any value of podocyte B7-1 as a biomarker in human MCD and FSGS? Fetuin-A aggravates lipotoxicity in podocytes via interleukin-1 signaling Presecretory oxidation, aggregation, and autophagic destruction of apoprotein-B: a pathway for late-stage quality control Roles of the podocyte in glomerular function Cell biology of the glomerular podocyte Anti-NEP and anti-PLA2R antibodies in membranous nephropathy: an update Membrane aberrancy and unfolded proteins activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor Ire1 in different ways Human podocyte depletion in association with older age and hypertension Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy in diabetes rats induced by streptozotocin by regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress inflammatory response Mixed organic solvents induce renal injury in rats Expression of agrin, dystroglycan, and utrophin in normal renal tissue and in experimental glomerulopathies Selective release of human adipocyte fatty acids according to molecular structure Cellular responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis An HIV-1 transgenic rat that develops HIV-related pathology and immunologic dysfunction Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and podocyte loss in diabetic kidney disease The glomerular slit diaphragm is a modified adherens junction Induction of B7-1 in podocytes is associated with nephrotic syndrome TRPC6 is a glomerular slit diaphragm-associated channel required for normal renal function A cell-type specific ganglioside of glomerular podocytes in rat kidney: an O-acetylated GD3 Angiotensin II induces nephrin dephosphorylation and podocyte injury: role of caveolin-1 Parathyroid hormone-related protein induces hypertrophy in podocytes via TGF-beta(1) and p27(Kip1): implications for diabetic nephropathy Molecular pathomechanisms of membranous nephropathy: from Heymann nephritis to alloimmunization Target antigens and nephritogenic antibodies in membranous nephropathy: of rats and men Mechanisms and treatment of CKD Nephrin is specifically located at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes Angiotensin II as a morphogenic cytokine stimulating renal fibrogenesis Angiotensin II upregulates RAGE expression on podocytes: role of AT2 receptors Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a complication of hepatitis B virus infection Aliskiren inhibits intracellular angiotensin II levels without affecting (pro)renin receptor signals in human podocytes Podocytes as a target of prorenin in diabetes Globotriaosylsphingosine actions on human glomerular podocytes: implications for Fabry nephropathy Lipid-protein interactions along the slit diaphragm of podocytes Localization of the GLUT8 glucose transporter in murine kidney and regulation in vivo in nondiabetic and diabetic conditions The microinflammatory state of uremia Podocin, a raft-associated component of the glomerular slit diaphragm, interacts with CD2AP and nephrin Gene expression profiling in a model of D-penicillamine-induced autoimmunity in the Brown Norway rat: predictive value of early signs of danger The podocyte's response to injury: role in proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis Podocyte as the target for aldosterone: roles of oxidative stress and Sgk1 Minimal change disease: a two-hit podocyte immune disorder? Toll-like receptor 3 ligands induce CD80 expression in human podocytes via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway Free Fatty acids and their metabolism affect function and survival of podocytes Regulation of podocyte survival and endoplasmic reticulum stress by fatty acids Involvement of lipid rafts in nephrin phosphorylation and organization of the glomerular slit diaphragm Curcumin decreases renal triglyceride accumulation through AMPK-SREBP signaling pathway in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats Glucose specifically regulates TRPC6 expression in the podocyte in an AngII-dependent manner Glomerular endothelial fenestrae in vivo are not formed from caveolae Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy Poly(ADP-ribose) The chloride intracellular channel 5A stimulates podocyte Rac1, protecting against hypertension-induced glomerular injury Epidemiology of hypertensive kidney disease Characterization of reninangiotensin system enzyme activities in cultured mouse podocytes Systemic and renal lipids in kidney disease development and progression Podocyte loss in human hypertensive nephrosclerosis oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in glomerular podocytes: role of IFN-gamma, CXCL16, and ADAM10 Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte is critical for normal kidney function A mutation in the TRPC6 cation channel causes familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Kip1) Knockout mice are protected from diabetic nephropathy: evidence for p27(Kip1) haplotype insufficiency PTEN inhibits high glucose-induced phenotypic transition in podocytes Angiotensin II receptor blocker inhibits p27Kip1 expression in glucose-stimulated podocytes and in diabetic glomeruli Inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid-mediated renal injury in ApoE/CD36/SRA triple knockout mice ANG II promotes autophagy in podocytes Epithelialmesenchymal transition as a potential explanation for podocyte depletion in diabetic nephropathy Decreased glomerular expression of agrin in diabetic nephropathy and podocytes, cultured in high glucose medium Induction of apoptosis during development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis Activation of the renin-angiotensin system within podocytes in diabetes Podocytespecific chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 overexpression mediates diabetic renal injury in mice Podocyte-specific overexpression of GLUT1 surprisingly reduces mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy in mice Dysregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor contributes to podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy Inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid accumulation and podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy Dysregulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway is involved in lipid disorder-mediated organ injury HIV-1 genes vpr and nef synergistically damage podocytes, leading to glomerulosclerosis Acknowledgements


id: cord-276192-sgts963l
author: Simões e Silva, Ana Cristina
date: 2020-09-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13098
sentence: 575
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-276192-sgts963l.txt
txt: txt/cord-276192-sgts963l.txt
title:
  2020 update on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in pediatric kidney disease and its interactions with coronavirus

summary:
  Results from 175 participants showed that obesity was associated with high BP, increased Ang II, and reduced Ang-(1-7) both in circulation and in the kidney Ang II effects on cardiac structure and function are well established.


id: cord-023225-5quigar4
title: Posters
date: 2012-08-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 70555
sentence: 3043
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-023225-5quigar4.txt
txt: txt/cord-023225-5quigar4.txt
summary:
  Aim of this study is the introduction, in the type 1' β turn peptide structure, of the sugar moiety specific for anti-gangliosides antibody recognition by synthesizing specific building blocks. Peptide synthesis was used to verify the accuracy of the determined sequence and to prepare sufficient peptide amount for biological activity studies.


# ent

id: cord-332716-1d89j7jh
sid: 63
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  la eca2 interactúa con el receptor at1 formando un complejo que dificultaría la interacción de la eca2 con la proteína s


id: cord-332716-1d89j7jh
sid: 64
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  la ang ii al unirse al receptor at1 disminuye los niveles de expresión de eca2 al promover su internalización en lisosomas


id: cord-332716-1d89j7jh
sid: 66
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  por un lado la persistencia del complejo eca2-at1 que dificulta la interacción entre el virus y la eca2


id: cord-277766-rxmpi61o
sid: 9
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  l'activation de l'ac2 et l'inhibition de l'ace de la rénine ont été considérées comme au centre de la régulation du système rénine-angiotensine


