        item: #1 of 25
          id: cord-023989-d6c1is5s
      author: Williams, Richard Allen
       title: Conclusion and Afterword
        date: 2020-04-25
       words: 2412
      flesch: 48
     summary: One might speculate that the co-morbidities that predominate in black communities such as high rates of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, cancer, and other disorders, combined with a high incidence of the socioeconomic determinants of health make the black population particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Defined as the number of maternal or pregnancy-related deaths in a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same period, the maternal mortality rate has been rising for American women in general but much more so for black women, who experience more than three times the rate that white women do.
    keywords: african; american; black; community; health; medical; medicine
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        item: #2 of 25
          id: cord-031396-cb97rcbk
      author: Saratha, S. R.
       title: Solving Black–Scholes equations using fractional generalized homotopy analysis method
        date: 2020-09-04
       words: 3413
      flesch: 47
     summary: The application of FGHAM can also be extended to analyze complicated non-linear differential equations and fractional differential equations that arise in different fields of science and engineering. However, it is worth to mention that the presence of fractional parameter α in the fractional B-S mathematical model has an advantage of memory-less property.
    keywords: equation; fractional; parameter
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        item: #3 of 25
          id: cord-031722-n5ja5oqw
      author: Fields, Errol L.
       title: Mind the Gap: HIV Prevention Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex with Men
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 6775
      flesch: 32
     summary: : peer navigator acceptability among minority MSM in Washington HIV prevention among diverse young MSM: research needs, priorities, and opportunities I am men's health: generating adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in young men of color who have sex with men Getting information about HIV prevention: a pilot study I always felt I had to prove my manhood: homosexuality, masculinity, gender role strain, and HIV risk among young Black men who have sex with men There's an app for that: using geosocial networking apps to access young Black gay, bisexual, and other MSM at risk for HIV Technology use and preferences for mobile phone-based HIV prevention and treatment among Black young men who have sex with men: exploratory research Viewpoint: why you should provide HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at your college health center HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis medication for adolescents and young adults: a position paper of the Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine Advancing independent adolescent consent for participation in HIV prevention research Minors' and young adults' experiences of the research consent process in a phase II safety study of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV Self-consent for HIV prevention research involving sexual and gender minority youth: reducing barriers through evidence-based ethics The influence of age, health literacy, and affluence on adolescents' capacity to consent to research Free testing and PrEP without outing myself to parents: motivation to participate in oral and injectable PrEP clinical trials among adolescent men who have sex with men I won't out myself just to do a survey: sexual and gender minority adolescents' perspectives on the risks and benefits of sex research Parent perspectives about sexual minority adolescent participation in research and requirements of parental permission Methodological considerations for advancing research on the health and wellbeing of sexual and gender minority youth A multicomponent approach to evaluating a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation program in five agencies in New York Sexual networks of racially diverse young MSM differ in racial homophily but not concurrency Individual and network factors associated with racial disparities in HIV among young men who have sex with men: results from the RADAR Cohort Study Explaining disparities in HIV infection among black and white men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis of HIV risk behaviors The effect of high rates of bacterial sexually transmitted infections on HIV incidence in a cohort of black and white men who have sex with men in The high risk of an HIV diagnosis following a diagnosis of syphilis: a population-level analysis of New York City men Human immunodeficiency virus diagnosis after a syphilis, gonorrhea, or repeat diagnosis among males including non-men who have sex with men: what is the incidence? Rising rates of HIV infection among young US men who have sex with men A data-driven simulation of HIV spread among young men who have sex with men: the role of age and race mixing, and STIs Rectal gonorrhea and chlamydia reinfection is associated with increased risk of HIV seroconversion Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States-2017 update: a clinical practice guideline The associations of resilience and HIV risk behaviors among Black gay, bisexual, other men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Deep South: the MARI study The impact of racism on child and adolescent health Racial and sexual identities as potential buffers to risky sexual behavior for Black gay and bisexual emerging adult men The relationship between gender role conflict and condom use among black MSM In the past decade, several major advances have emerged in HIV prevention.
    keywords: adolescent; black; care; health; hiv; men; prep; prevention; prophylaxis; risk; sex; testing; ybmsm; youth
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        item: #4 of 25
          id: cord-034084-b1biu6fm
      author: Tolia-Kelly, Divya
       title: Historical geographies of the 21st century: Challenging our praxis
        date: 2020-10-21
       words: 3002
      flesch: 41
     summary: We are left searching for the figures of historical geography that are outside the core, at perhaps the margins, or to be found in spaces where historical geography scholarship has flourished within a different disciplinary homes. key: cord-034084-b1biu6fm authors: Tolia-Kelly, Divya; Carvalho Cabral, Diogo de; Legg, Stephen; Lane, Maria; Thomas, Nicola title: Historical geographies of the 21st century:
    keywords: black; editorial; geography; historical; jhg; journal; scholarship
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        item: #5 of 25
          id: cord-035226-z25efnjh
      author: Kumar, Sumit
       title: Racial Disparities in Homicide Victimisation Rates: How to Improve Transparency by the Office of National Statistics in England and Wales
        date: 2020-11-10
       words: 2594
      flesch: 56
     summary: key: cord-035226-z25efnjh authors: Kumar, Sumit; Sherman, Lawrence W.; Strang, Heather title: Racial Disparities in Homicide Victimisation Rates: How to Improve Transparency by the Office of National Statistics in England and Wales date: 2020-11-10 journal: Camb J Evid Based Polic DOI: 10.1007/s41887-020-00055-y sha: doc_id: 35226 cord_uid: z25efnjh RESEARCH QUESTION: How much racial disparity in trends of homicide victimisation rates in England and Wales is obscured by the failure of official statistics to report rates of death per 100,000 people at risk? Far more damaging in terms of the life expectancy of racial minorities, however, is the widespread systemic racial difference in homicide victimisation rates.
    keywords: homicide; rates; statistics; victimisation; white
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        item: #6 of 25
          id: cord-102783-f8i20twx
      author: Jbaily, A.
       title: Inequalities in air pollution exposure are increasing in the United States
        date: 2020-07-15
       words: 4690
      flesch: 48
     summary: 5 and mortality in 207 us cities: modification by temperature and city characteristics Environmental inequality in exposures to airborne particulate matter components in the united states Temporal trends in air pollution exposure inequality in massachusetts Disparities in distribution of particulate matter emission sources by race and poverty status Making the environmental justice grade: the relative burden of air pollution exposure in the united states Process of reviewing the National Ambient Air Quality Standards National patterns in environmental injustice and inequality: outdoor no2 air pollution in the united states Incorporating concepts of inequality and inequity into health benefits analysis Exposure to air pollution and covid-19 mortality in the united states Racial Data Transparency -State COVID-19 data by race, John's Hopkins University and Medicine -Coronavirus Resource Center The Washington Post Assessing pm2. key: cord-102783-f8i20twx authors: Jbaily, A.; Zhou, X.; Liu, J.; Lee, T.-H.; Verguet, S.; Dominici, F. title: Inequalities in air pollution exposure are increasing in the United States date: 2020-07-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.13.20152942 sha: doc_id: 102783 cord_uid: f8i20twx Exposure to ambient air pollution contributes substantially to the global burden of disease, and in 2015, ambient exposure to PM2.5 (fine particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 m) was the fifth-ranking risk factor of mortality globally.
    keywords: groups; income; license; population; preprint; racial
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        item: #7 of 25
          id: cord-255064-u95pxed7
      author: Taylor, Kishana
       title: mSphere of Influence: That’s Racist—COVID-19, Biological Determinism, and the Limits of Hypotheses
        date: 2020-09-30
       words: 1135
      flesch: 37
     summary: Human genome findings practically erase race as a biological factor Racial health disparities and COVID-19 -caution and context Social determinants of health: know what affects health. With Black In Microbiology Week, we want to bring awareness to how the surface level analysis of infectious disease health disparities data often leads to racist hypotheses.
    keywords: black; data; health
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        item: #8 of 25
          id: cord-261907-y60yra4r
      author: Richardson, E. T.
       title: Reparations for Black American Descendants of Persons Enslaved in the U.S. and Their Estimated Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Transmission
        date: 2020-06-05
       words: 3112
      flesch: 40
     summary: As we demonstrate, a restitutive program targeted towards Black individuals would not only decrease COVID-19 risk for recipients of the wealth redistribution; the mitigating effects would be distributed across racial groups, benefitting the population at large. [32] [33] For example, Black workers are overrepresented in front-line sectors like food service and delivery, healthcare, and child-care, which places them at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
    keywords: covid-19; health; louisiana; medrxiv; population; preprint; reparations; risk
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        item: #9 of 25
          id: cord-266027-1xrq8cg9
      author: Barrington, Debbie S.
       title: Socioeconomic Correlates of Obesity in African-American and Caribbean-Black Men and Women
        date: 2020-07-04
       words: 5266
      flesch: 35
     summary: The association between public assistance and the increasing odds of obesity among Caribbean-Black men is consistent with a previous report showing that participation in public assistance programs increased the risk of adult obesity [30] . Paper 2: prevention of unhealthy weight gain and obesity by physical activity: an analysis of the evidence The female-male disparity in obesity prevalence among black American young adults: contributions of sociodemographic characteristics of the childhood family White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President.
    keywords: african; american; caribbean; level; men; neighborhood; obesity; sep; women
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        item: #10 of 25
          id: cord-266132-i57avso9
      author: Kirksey, Lee
       title: Pandemic Superimposed on Epidemic: Covid-19 Disparities in Black Americans
        date: 2020-08-01
       words: 1992
      flesch: 37
     summary: Accurate public reporting of tests administered, confirmed positive results and patient outcomes for Blacks will allow strategic planning and public health efforts to be effectively and equitably deployed and implemented. Defying public health recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic, where physical distancing has been mandated legislatively is not an option for these essential worker groups.
    keywords: covid-19; health; healthcare; population; public; testing
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        item: #11 of 25
          id: cord-271440-qiwixpai
      author: Ribeiro, Helena
       title: In the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, do brown lives matter?
        date: 2020-07-02
       words: 1248
      flesch: 45
     summary: We add to their findings that incidence rates were also higher in northern regions. 4 Speculation that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 would have milder transmission in low latitudes has delayed actions in northern regions.
    keywords: covid-19; health; pardo; regions
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        item: #12 of 25
          id: cord-283673-oyefmgl3
      author: Garcia, Marc A
       title: The Color of COVID-19: Structural Racism and the Pandemic’s Disproportionate Impact on Older Racial and Ethnic Minorities
        date: 2020-08-05
       words: 3861
      flesch: 35
     summary: Questions regarding which segments of U.S. society are at an elevated risk for severe illness and death from the coronavirus-and how and why-are central to understanding and addressing disparities in COVID-19 health outcomes. In order to understand racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 health outcomes among older adults, it is important to consider how social and historical contexts contribute to different levels of risks over time.
    keywords: adults; blacks; care; covid-19; health; latinxs; racism; risk
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        item: #13 of 25
          id: cord-288710-fweorzis
      author: Marchand, Aixa D.
       title: Contextual factors shaping diverse political action: A commentary on the special issue on adolescent political development
        date: 2020-10-14
       words: 4894
      flesch: 27
     summary: With awareness of these positive and negative contextual factors that influence rural Black adolescent outcomes, further exploration of how these factors may impact youth political participation will help delineate ways to foster their political engagement. The influence of adults on youth political socialization and development is only lightly covered in this special issue.
    keywords: action; development; engagement; issue; racial; work; youth
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        item: #14 of 25
          id: cord-295693-45etqt72
      author: McClure, Elizabeth S
       title: Racial Capitalism within Public Health: How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities
        date: 2020-07-03
       words: 3452
      flesch: 33
     summary: Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. When applying an algorithm to Black workers that is not race corrected, 94% of the Black workers would qualify for compensation.
    keywords: capitalism; compensation; covid-19; epidemiology; function; health; hearing; lung; race; workers
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        item: #15 of 25
          id: cord-299976-36r794ow
      author: O’Brien, Amornrat
       title: Characterizing replication kinetics and plaque production of type I feline infectious peritonitis virus in three feline cell lines
        date: 2018-12-01
       words: 6082
      flesch: 42
     summary: We show that Fcwf-4 CU cells are less responsive to exogenous type I interferon than Fcwf-4 cells from the ATCC and are permissive to infection by both biotypes of type II FCoV. To facilitate Cell-free titer was determined from cell-clarified supernatants; cell-associated titer was determined from suspended cell monolayers following three freeze-thaw cycles alternating between −80°C and 37 o C. Samples were taken at hours post-infection (hpi) just prior to, at, and following the maximum (max) virus titer for each cell type. Type I FIPV Black and both biotypes of type II FCoV formed uniform and enumerable plaques on Fcwf-4 CU cells.
    keywords: atcc; black; cells; et al; fcwf-4; feline; fipv; infection; type; virus
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        item: #16 of 25
          id: cord-301000-ozm5f5dy
      author: Naqvi, Zainab Batul
       title: A Wench’s Guide to Surviving a ‘Global’ Pandemic Crisis: Feminist Publishing in a Time of COVID-19
        date: 2020-09-04
       words: 8600
      flesch: 43
     summary: Our insistence that academic publishing, and feminist publishing in particular, be seen as a political endeavour drives a lot of our editorial policies including an emphasis on the importance of Global South scholarship, employing decolonising techniques in our editorial practice, our involvement in the recent Global South writing workshops (Naqvi et al. 2019 ) and our continuing support for early career researchers (ECRs), particularly those from marginalised or minoritised communities. The current paradigm, however, provides us with another opportunity to look at the mode of production operating in journal publishing, one that we at FLS are implicated in and have long been critical of (Fletcher et al. 2016
    keywords: access; collective; covid-19; disease; editorial; feminist; global; health; journal; pandemic; publishing; research; social; time; women; work
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        item: #17 of 25
          id: cord-304966-w2voi8en
      author: Cummings, Cori
       title: Blacks Are Less Likely to Present With Strokes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations From the Buckle of the Stroke Belt
        date: 2020-08-17
       words: 1585
      flesch: 49
     summary: There was no difference in baseline features; however, Black patients were less likely to present with strokes during the pandemic (13.9% versus 29%, P≤0.002). The impact seems to disproportionately affect Black patients.
    keywords: covid-19; pandemic; patients; stroke
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        item: #18 of 25
          id: cord-307753-p1htdvrp
      author: Haldon, John
       title: Lessons from the past, policies for the future: resilience and sustainability in past crises
        date: 2020-05-24
       words: 8271
      flesch: 40
     summary: A number of conclusions or lessons can be drawn from these examples, all of which involved states or societies that were complex, possessed institutional and ideological flexibility, and a degree of systemic redundancy, which is to say, overlapping institutional arrangements that in many instances could permit elements of one facet of social organization or state structure to fail without jeopardizing the system as a whole. In the following, we examine several cases in past societies where we can observe (1) both top-down and bottom-up responses to significant environmental challenges, how different sectors of society responded or reacted, and where we can detect positive as well as negative outcomes; (2) the differential costs of resilience when states are faced with substantial economic and political challenges; and (3) state-and society-level responses to pandemics and both planned and unintended consequences.
    keywords: antioch; case; century; eastern; elites; empire; government; ottoman; plague; resilience; resources; roman; society; state; system; term
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        item: #19 of 25
          id: cord-314538-l4ek54cu
      author: Lin, Peng
       title: Purification of melibiose‐binding lectins from two cultivars of Chinese black soybeans
        date: 2008-12-16
       words: 4706
      flesch: 46
     summary: Its hemagglutinating activity is preserved in the pH range 3−12 and in the temperature range 0−70 ºC. Little black soybean lectin is stable in the pH range 3−12 and in the temperature range 0−40 ºC. Yellow soybean lectin is active in the pH range 3−12 and in the temperature range 0−50 ºC. French bean lectin is stable in pH range 4−10 and in the temperature range 0−90 ºC As such, the biological activities of black soybean lectins are potentially exploitable in medicine.
    keywords: activity; buffer; cells; fraction; hemagglutinating; lectin; sepharose; soybean; soybean lectin
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        item: #20 of 25
          id: cord-329310-8viyz7me
      author: Schwartz, Stephan A.
       title: Police Brutality and Racism in America
        date: 2020-07-02
       words: 2694
      flesch: 67
     summary: Institute for Law and Justice, jointly published with the National Institute of Justice Risk of being killed by police use-of-force in the U.S. by age, race/ethnicity, and sex What we've learned about police shootings 5 years after Ferguson The Scale of Misdemeanor Justice In Norway, Iceland, New Zealand, Britain, and Ireland, police officers generally do not carry firearms.
    keywords: america; law; men; police; use; years
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        item: #21 of 25
          id: cord-332065-afq26621
      author: Ghanchi, Hammad
       title: Racial Disparity Amongst Stroke Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
        date: 2020-09-10
       words: 2861
      flesch: 39
     summary: Ethnic disparities in stroke: the scope of the problem Divergent poststroke outcomes for black patients: Lower mortality, but greater disability Racial-ethnic disparities in stroke care: the American experience: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on stroke patients. Given the recent pandemic and racial disparity among patients afflicted with SARS-CoV-2 and the possible link of this virus and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), we sought to analyze whether there was a disparity for stroke patients presenting to hospitals during this time using the Get with the Guidelines (GWTG) National Stroke Database.
    keywords: covid-19; hospitals; patients; population; sars; stroke
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        item: #22 of 25
          id: cord-346487-f16uwuzv
      author: Landis, Wayne G
       title: Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Microplastics, and COVID‐19: Will We Ever Learn?
        date: 2020-06-15
       words: 1276
      flesch: 47
     summary: Scientific studies are commissioned, investigation methods are devised, and work is conducted around the world. The fundamental question society faces today, and most certainly the scientific community, as a consequence of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, is not whether we have sufficient knowledge of the fate and effects of chemicals or plastics or even viruses on the environment and human health; it is whether we are able to connect scientific observation and theoretical study to real-life consequences.
    keywords: chemical; consequences; ladder; world
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        item: #23 of 25
          id: cord-346603-ooaur990
      author: Luterbacher, J.
       title: Past pandemics and climate variability across the Mediterranean
        date: 2020-09-19
       words: 5110
      flesch: 33
     summary: The Justinianic plague: origins and effects Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe Plague Dynamics are Driven by Climate Variation Genotypying Yersinia pestis in historical plague: evidence for long-term persistence of Y. pestis in Europe from the 14th to the 17th century Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2500 years Death by the Lake: mortality crisis in early fourteenthcentury Central Asia Historical Y. pestis genomes reveal the European Black Death as the source of ancient and modern plague pandemics Phylogeography of the second plague pandemic revealed through analysis of historical Yersinia pestis Famine and pestilence in the late Roman and early Byzantine empire: a systematic survey of subsistence crises and epidemics Volcanic dry fogs, climate cooling, and plague pandemics in Europe and the Middle East The alleged East African origins of many ancient plagues (Gilliam 1961 (Gilliam , 1996 Harper 2015; Allen 1979 ) may owe little more than to Greco-Roman prejudices and Thucydides' influence, but few Mediterranean plagues may have been limited to the Mediterranean region itself; some, like the Justinianic plague and Black Death, were more global in scope.
    keywords: climate; disease; et al; historical; late; mediterranean; outbreaks; pandemic; pestis; plague; region
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        item: #24 of 25
          id: cord-348848-js36pw2r
      author: Filut, Amarette
       title: Will Losing Black Physicians Be a Consequence of the COVID-19 Pandemic?
        date: 2020-07-28
       words: 1766
      flesch: 40
     summary: If nothing else, the COVID-19 pandemic must make academic health centers and health care systems recognize Black physicians as the precious resource they are and protect and reward them accordingly. If nothing else, the COVID-19 pandemic must make academic health centers and health care systems recognize Black physicians as the precious resource they are and protect and reward them accordingly.
    keywords: care; covid-19; health; physicians
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        item: #25 of 25
          id: cord-349664-p5j26lvd
      author: Cheng, Philip
       title: Racial discrimination as a mediator of racial disparities in insomnia disorder
        date: 2020-09-11
       words: 5450
      flesch: 27
     summary: This study examined the role of racial discrimination as a potential mechanism for racial sleep disparities in a large clinical sample comprising White and racial minority groups with DSM-5 insomnia. Racial discrimination remained a significant predictor of insomnia severity even after adjusting for race (pathway b: B = 0.08 § 0.03 SE, P < .05), but the relationship between race and insomnia severity was close to zero after accounting for racial discrimination (pathway c': B = 0.02 § 0.12 SE, P = .98).
    keywords: discrimination; disparities; effect; health; individuals; insomnia; race; racial; severity; sleep
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