Bibliography
This is an automatically generated bibliography describing the content of this study carrel.
- cord-009476-4emc4o6n
- author: Madani, Tariq A
- title: Case definition and management of patients with MERS coronavirus in Saudi Arabia
- date: 2014-09-22
- words: 1014
- flesch: 20
- summary: More eff ective and wider partnerships based on equity and best ethical practice, across governments, health care, academia, industry, and with the public, are essential to eff ectively galvanise economic, political and scientifi c measures required to develop core capacities, including legislation, national focal points, and pandemic planning to reduce risk of global spread and reduce the burden of respiratory tract infectious diseases. 15 An important priority for control of infectious disease is to ensure that scientifi c and technological advances in molecular diagnostics and bioinformatics are well integrated into public health.
- keywords: algorithm; care; case; clinical; confi; control; coronavirus; cov; eff; health; home; infection; management; mers; middle; new; nition; patients; public; respiratory; rmed; studies; syndrome; tract
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-015503-j99cgsjt
- author: Tang, Xiaolu
- title: On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-03-03
- words: 5255
- flesch: 52
- summary: Our results suggest that the development of new variations in functional sites in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike seen in SARS-CoV-2 and viruses from pangolin SARSr-CoVs are likely caused by mutations and natural selection besides recombination. For each annotated ORF in the reference genome of SARS-CoV-2 (NC_045512), we extracted the orthologous sequences in human SARS-CoV, four bat SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV: RaTG13, ZXC21, ZC45, and BM48-31), one Pangolin SARSr-CoV from Guangdong (GD)
- keywords: aggressive; aligned; analysis; bat; china; codon; coronavirus; cov-2; data; different; divergence; evolution; evolutionary; fig; frequency; functional; genome; genomic; haplotype; higher; human; identical; major; molecular; mutations; natural; ncov; new; nonsynonymous; novel; number; orf1ab; orf8; origin; pangolin; phylogenetic; protein; ratg13; recent; recombination; related; s type; sars; selection; sequence; sites; snps; spike; strains; study; synonymous; table; type; usage; value; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-019048-29wzpwvr
- author: Franks, Teri J.
- title: Coronavirus
- date: 2013-08-26
- words: 2807
- flesch: 38
- summary: Since July 2003, SARS infection has been documented on several occasions. 13.4 Acute-phase DAD in SARS patient.
- keywords: acute; alveolar; animal; cases; cell; chest; common; coronavirus; cov; dad; days; development; diagnosis; duration; envelope; et al; fig; glycoprotein; human; identifi; ifn; illness; infection; infl; initial; international; interstitial; isolation; laboratory; levels; like; lung; mers; non; patients; person; phase; pneumonia; respiratory; risk; sars; severe; species; spike; surveillance; syndrome; tract; transmission; vaccine; viral; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-024133-zv0ysi8m
- author: Saxena, Shailendra K.
- title: Current Insight into the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- date: 2020-04-30
- words: 2227
- flesch: 39
- summary: pii: eaba9757 Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Illinois COVID-19 Investigation Team (2020) First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Identification of coronavirus isolated from a patient in Korea with COVID-19 Structural, glycosylation and antigenic variation between 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19 Ye F (2020b) Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis Safety and immunogenicity study of 2019-nCoV vaccine (mRNA-1273) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection Veesler D (2020) However, extensive measures have been implemented by outstanding public health action to reduce person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 ( Fig. 1.2 ).
- keywords: acute; addition; centre; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; detection; diagnosis; disease; effective; genome; health; individuals; infected; infection; measures; novel; organization; patients; person; personal; prevention; protective; respiratory; sars; severe; spike; spread; syndrome; transmission; use; vaccine; world
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-024317-w1ep0wq8
- author: Ku, Zhiqiang
- title: Antibody therapies for the treatment of COVID-19
- date: 2020-04-30
- words: 2223
- flesch: 34
- summary: The New England journal of medicine 2016 Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong. Figure angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Fc: crystallizable fragment; ADE: antibody-dependent enhancement; PK: Pharmacokinetics; PD: pharmacodynamics; IL-6: Interleukine 6. SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses The spike protein of SARS-CoV--a target for vaccine and therapeutic development Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins.
- keywords: ace2; antibodies; antibody; binding; cells; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; covid-19; development; disease; domain; entry; epitope; figure; fusion; glycoprotein; host; human; immune; infection; membrane; mers; neutralization; neutralizing; patients; plasma; protein; receptor; respiratory; sars; severe; spike; structure; subunit; target; therapies; treatment; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-025119-201ac32t
- author: Salman, Saad
- title: Virtual screening of immunomodulatory medicinal compounds as promising anti-SARS-COV-2 inhibitors
- date: 2020-05-21
- words: 3148
- flesch: 32
- summary: It was observed that, among these medicinal compounds, only six compounds showed promising interaction with the active site of SARS proteins as summarized in Table 1 and molecularly represented in Figure 1 and Supplementary Figures 1, 3 , 5 and 7, respectively. Among these agents, medicinal compounds are promising drug candidates for SARS-COV-2, as they are known for their antiviral and immunomodulatory activity since medieval times and some of them are well studied
- keywords: absorption; acid; active; activity; acute; analysis; antiviral; arzanol; bonds; chemical; class; clinical; compounds; cov-2; covid-19; database; different; disease; docking; drug; effects; energy; ferulic; genistein; hydrogen; immunomodulatory; inhibitors; interaction; ligand; low; medicinal; molecular; novel; pharmacokinetic; potential; promising; proteins; replication; residues; respiratory; results; resveratrol; rna; sars; screening; site; spike; structure; study; syndrome; thymohydroquinone; toxicity; value; viral; virtual
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-029112-u507i0t0
- author: Smith, Keisha
- title: A Phase 3 Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenously Administered Ravulizumab Compared with Best Supportive Care in Patients with COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia, Acute Lung Injury, or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- date: 2020-07-13
- words: 20949
- flesch: 39
- summary: While the Investigator is not obligated to actively seek this information in former study patients, he or she may learn of an SAE through spontaneous reporting. key: cord-029112-u507i0t0 authors: Smith, Keisha; Pace, Amy; Ortiz, Stephan; Kazani, Shamsah; Rottinghaus, Scott title: A Phase 3 Open-label, Randomized, Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenously Administered Ravulizumab Compared with Best Supportive Care in Patients with COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia, Acute Lung Injury, or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial date: 2020-07-13 journal: Trials DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04548-z sha: doc_id: 29112 cord_uid: u507i0t0 OBJECTIVES:
- keywords: acceptable; activation; acute; additional; administration; aes; age; alexion; alternative; alxn1210; amendment; analyses; antibodies; applicable; appropriate; ards; assessment; associated; available; baseline; best; blood; bsc; care; case; change; clinical; clinical study; complement; confirmed; consent; contraception; coronavirus; cov-305; covid-19; criteria; data; date; day; days; designee; disease; documents; dose; drug; duration; ecrf; effect; effective; efficacy; endpoint; evaluation; event; exclusion; expected; factor; failure; female; female patients; final; fio2; following; free; global; group; health; hospitalization; hours; iec; immunogenicity; incidence; inclusion; infection; inflammatory; information; informed; infusion; inhibition; injury; intervention; investigational; investigator; irb; jun; laboratory; life; local; lung; mechanical; medical; medications; meningococcal; method; mg ravulizumab; mice; months; number; open; outcomes; oxygen; participation; patients; period; physical; pneumonia; potential; pregnancy; primary; prior; procedures; progression; protocol; randomization; randomized; ravulizumab; ravulizumab treatment; reactions; records; regulations; regulatory; related; reporting; representative; requirements; respiratory; results; review; risk; sae; saes; safety; samples; sars; score; screening; secondary; section; sensitivity; serum; severe; sf-12; significant; signs; site; soa; sofa; source; spo2; status; studies; study; study day; study drug; study intervention; summary; supportive; survival; symptoms; syndrome; system; table; test; therapies; time; total; treatment; use; vaccination; ventilation; visit; weeks; weight
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- cord-029547-9ei1ram3
- author: Li, Jingwei
- title: The epidemiology and therapeutic options for the COVID-19
- date: 2020-05-28
- words: 7859
- flesch: 39
- summary: Then, the quantity of COVID-19 patients increased rapidly after Chinese New Year. According to the data collected in January 2020, the incubation stage of COVID-19 patients ranges between 2 and 14 days, and its average is about 5 days (95% credible interval: 4.2-6.0) when implementing the best-fit lognormal distribution.
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; aged; antibody; antiviral; arbidol; associated; asymptomatic; basic; binding; cases; cells; characteristics; china; chinese; chloroquine; clinical; combination; control; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; critical; data; days; diagnosis; disease; drugs; effect; epidemiological; epidemiology; evidence; features; fusion; group; high; higher; host; human; immunity; immunogenicity; important; inactivated; infected; infection; inhibitors; interval; lopinavir; low; medical; medicines; membrane; mers; model; mortality; ncov; necessary; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleic; number; outbreak; patients; pcr; penetration; people; period; pneumonia; positive; potential; prevention; protein; rate; receptor; remdesivir; replication; research; respiratory; ritonavir; rna; safety; sars; sensitivity; sequence; severe; specific; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; therapeutic; therapy; time; transmission; treatment; trial; typical; vaccine; viruses; world; wuhan
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- cord-029813-o2uzcuai
- author: Rusconi, Stefano
- title: COVID-19: studying the global pandemic – foreword
- date: 2020-07-27
- words: 2727
- flesch: 36
- summary: All SARS- CoV-2 five key proteins have a large homology with SARS-CoV from bats, although the lowest homology was with the S protein, which showed the highest amino acid homology with bat SARS RaTG13 reaching 97.71%. Tan et al. discuss the critical public health issue of the extent to which asymptomatically infected persons are transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to others and contrast the currently available data with the epidemiologic findings in SARS and MERS
- keywords: animal; antiviral; asymptomatic; authors; bat; bats; case; cell; clinical; coronaviruses; course; cov-2; covid-19; detection; different; drug; effects; fecal; high; homeless; host; humans; illness; infection; issue; like; molecular; pandemic; patients; persons; point; populations; protein; ratg13; rbd; receptor; report; respiratory; risks; rna; rutin; samples; sars; special; species; studies; testing; tract; transmission; viral; virus
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- cord-030934-t7akdu6x
- author: Bahrami, Afsane
- title: Genetic and pathogenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2: a review
- date: 2020-08-26
- words: 6490
- flesch: 36
- summary: SARS-CoV-2 shares 80% nucleotide identity to SARS-CoV. The S, E, M, N and ORF3a genes of SARS-CoV-2 are predicted to be 3822, 228, 669, 1260 and 828 nucleotides in length, respectively.
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; antiviral; bat; binding; care; cases; cells; characteristics; chest; china; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cytokine; d614; development; diagnosis; disease; early; effective; entry; enzyme; findings; genetic; genome; glycoprotein; host; hsa; human; hydroxychloroquine; identity; imaging; immune; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; laboratory; like; load; lower; lpv; lung; main; major; mers; monocytes; mutation; ncov; nlrp3; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleotide; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; pcr; plasma; pneumonia; potential; present; protease; protein; rbd; recent; receptor; related; replication; respiratory; response; results; review; rna; role; sars; sequence; severe; shedding; single; site; specific; specimens; spike; stages; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; systematic; target; time; transmission; treatment; vaccines; viral; virion; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-031079-9lxhvyyb
- author: Chen, Li
- title: The effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on ACE2 related coronavirus pathology and the cardiovascular system: An evidence based review
- date: 2020-07-27
- words: 5678
- flesch: 37
- summary: A virus replication by chloroquine Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases? It was reported that relative delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling promoted inflammatory monocyte-macrophage accumulation in BALB/c mice infected with SARS-CoV. 43 Consequently, these accumulated mononuclear macrophages produce more monocyte chemoattractants through activating the IFN-α/β receptors and mononuclear macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, induce apoptosis of T cells. signaling or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-death receptor 5 (DR5) signaling.
- keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; angiotensin; apoptosis; avian; binding; block; cardiomyopathy; cardiovascular; cause; cells; chloroquine; cholesterol; clinical; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; diabetes; disease; drug; effective; effects; endosomal; endosomes; entry; enzyme; erythematosus; evidence; expression; function; furin; fusion; glycosylation; h5n1; hcq; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; infected; infection; influenza; inhibit; inhibition; injury; insulin; like; lung; lupus; lysosomes; mechanism; mice; monocyte; naadp; novel; patients; pneumonia; potential; protein; ras; rbd; receptor; related; respiratory; review; risk; role; sars; severe; signaling; spike; studies; study; syndrome; system; systemic; tmprss2; treatment; type; viral; vitro; wei; zhu
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- cord-031289-uxoz0xhk
- author: Coccolini, Federico
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Is Present in Peritoneal Fluid in COVID-19 Patients
- date: 2020-05-18
- words: 1330
- flesch: 47
- summary: As no information exist about the virus passage to peritoneal cavity and fluids, present data may suggest that potentially all people even those with mild to moderate respiratory symptoms by SARS-CoV-2 could present viral load in peritoneal fluid, thus increasing the exposure and contagion risks for the entire surgical staff. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in peritoneal fluid at a higher concentration than in respiratory tract.
- keywords: article; bowel; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; different; fact; fluid; health; intestinal; level; load; medical; nasal; patients; peritoneal; positive; presence; present; respiratory; rna; sars; surgical; swab; viral; virus
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- cord-032222-i6gfp4me
- author: Xue, Ling
- title: A quick look at the latest developments in the COVID-19 pandemic
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 2885
- flesch: 41
- summary: Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic Preliminary studies have suggested that the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that of SARS-CoV. Both viruses bind to the cell surface receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in human airway epithelial cells via the S protein on the envelope and enter the host cell.
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; cases; cell; characteristics; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnosis; disease; drugs; effects; epithelial; hcov; host; human; infection; influenza; mers; ncov; novel; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenic; patients; pneumonia; potential; protein; receptor; remdesivir; respiratory; safety; sars; severe; specific; spike; study; symptoms; syndrome; therapeutic; therapy; transmission; treatment; vaccine; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-032751-pmclolvh
- author: Head, Katharine J.
- title: A National Survey Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Intentions: Implications for Future Public Health Communication Efforts
- date: 2020-09-23
- words: 5100
- flesch: 38
- summary: Of note for communication scholars, these findings suggest that social normative messaging could capitalize on the high level of vaccine intention. Importantly, because vaccine intent and/or need may be different for people who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and perceived threat variables (discussed below) are usually only measured for future threats, only participants who answered no to the question do you believe that you've had COVID-19 are included in the current study (n = 3,159).
- keywords: adults; altruism; available; behavior; belief; care; cdc; communication; covid-19; disease; et al; factors; future; health; hesitancy; high; higher; hpv; important; individual; influenza; information; intentions; item; level; likelihood; likely; lower; model; national; norms; participants; personal; point; previous; provider; public; recommendation; ref; regression; related; research; sample; sars; scale; social; sociodemographic; states; step; study; survey; threat; type; u.s; united; uptake; vaccination; vaccine; variables; women; work; worry
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- cord-033551-eojpkxz9
- author: Shekh, Shamasoddin
- title: In silico allicin induced S-thioallylation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease
- date: 2020-09-16
- words: 3915
- flesch: 46
- summary: Inhibition of the function of SARS-CoV-2 M pro has a direct impact on the formation of functional polypeptides which are critical in the assembly of new viruses thereby attenuating the replication and proliferation of coronavirus. Attempts have been made through a structure-based drug design approach to identify the inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 M pro to attenuate coronavirus infection [8] .
- keywords: acid; active; allicin; allium; allyl; allyl disulfide; binding; bonds; coronavirus; covalent; covid-19; crystal; cys-145; cys-156; cys-85; cysteine; disease; disulfide; docking; energy; figure; form; formation; free; functional; garlic; hydrogen; infection; inhibitor; ligand; m(pro; main; non; pro; product; protease; proteins; px-12; reaction; reactive; replication; residue; results; sars; sativum; schrödinger; screening; site; software; structure; sulfenic; sulfur; thioallylation; thiol
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- cord-033780-184e64tr
- author: Smith, Rasheid
- title: Implications of current and future approaches to coronavirus disease 2019 testing
- date: 2020-10-13
- words: 3269
- flesch: 36
- summary: Emerging technologies such as graphene field-effect transistors have been used to detect as low as 1 fg/ml of SARS CoV-2 spike protein in transport medium for nasopharyngeal swabs and detect SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples with readings obtained within 1 min Other cytokines and proteins can be implemented which are associated with increased severity of COVID-19 cases such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, G-CSF, IP-10 and cardiac troponin among others [13] .
- keywords: accurate; acute; antibody; approaches; cases; centralized; chest; children; clinical; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; detection; diagnosis; disease; effect; elisas; fda; gene; high; immunoassays; individuals; infected; infection; issues; manifestations; medical; nanowire; patients; pcr; poc; presentation; protein; public; reaction; real; respiratory; response; results; review; rna; saliva; samples; sars; sensitivity; severe; severity; silicon; spread; symptoms; syndrome; testing; tests; time; transmission; viral
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- cord-034354-4xu97je3
- author: Wang, Hongye
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Proteome Microarray for Mapping COVID-19 Antibody Interactions at Amino Acid Resolution
- date: 2020-10-21
- words: 3694
- flesch: 44
- summary: This represents a significant decrease in time compared to the standard ∼18 h using protein microarrays. Comprehensive profiling of humoral antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) proteins is essential in understanding the host immunity and in developing diagnostic tests and vaccines.
- keywords: ace2; amino; analysis; antibodies; antibody; axis; binding; catalogue; cell; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; epitopes; figure; high; human; humoral; igg; igm; infection; information; intensity; length; median; microarray; min; neutralizing; novel; orf1ab; patients; peptides; potential; proteins; proteome; rbd; receptor; residue; response; sars; score; serum; signal; structural; table; targets; terminal
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- cord-104500-m0kfom0x
- author: Kyriakopoulos, Anthony M.
- title: The Potential Role of Super Spread Events in SARS-COV-2 Pandemic; a Narrative Review
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 6850
- flesch: 31
- summary: Lessons from SARS epidemic taught us that the key to control is minimizing the time from the diagnosis of infection to prompt hospital isolation and diminishing the probability Table 3 : Key clinical and laboratory screening functions to appropriately forecast, prevent, and confront SARS! SARS epidemic taught us that control programs were inefficient in controlling the epidemic within a population, and failed to identify and provide a targeted infection diagnosis in groups causing potential SSEs (5, 17) .
- keywords: acute; analysis; animals; articles; associated; authors; case; cell; china; chronic; clinical; communion; community; complex; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; cup; current; data; diagnosis; disease; double; economic; epidemic; epidemiology; events; evidence; future; general; genetic; global; groups; hbv; health; hepatitis; holy; hong; hosts; human; identification; immune; immunity; impact; important; inactivated; individuals; infected; infection; infectivity; investigation; kong; like; literature; manuscript; measures; mers; new; non; novel; number; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; patients; population; possible; potential; prevention; priests; process; protein; recent; receptor; related; research; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; rna; role; saliva; sars; screening; selection; severe; social; sources; species; spread; spreading; sses; studies; study; super; syndrome; table; targeted; transmission; understanding; vaccination; vaccine; viral; viruses
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- cord-124012-5zxkd2jy
- author: Schwab, Patrick
- title: predCOVID-19: A Systematic Study of Clinical Predictive Models for Coronavirus Disease 2019
- date: 2020-05-17
- words: 5102
- flesch: 24
- summary: Here, we study clinical predictive models that estimate, using machine learning and based on routinely collected clinical data, which patients are likely to receive a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, require hospitalisation or intensive care. The adoption of clinical predictive models that accurately predict who is likely to require testing, hospitalisation and intensive care from routinely collected clinical data could potentially further reduce peak demand by ensuring resources are prioritised to those individuals with the highest risk ( Figure 1 ).
- keywords: admission; analysis; best; blood; care; clinical; clinical predictive; cohort; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; critical; data; demographic; development; disease; evaluation; features; fold; healthcare; hospital; hospitalisation; hyperparameter; icu; iii; importance; input; intensive; learning; likely; machine; measurements; missing; missingness; models; mortality; order; outcomes; patients; performance; positive; positive patients; positive sars; predictive; predictive models; presented; results; risk; sars; selection; sensitivity; set; specificity; study; systematic; tasks; test; training; validation; xgb
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- cord-150183-zzzyewjb
- author: Phillips, J. C.
- title: Synchronized Attachment and the Darwinian Evolution of Coronaviruses CoV-1 and CoV-2
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 2486
- flesch: 51
- summary: However, to implement this idea in practice with protein sequences, one needs to compress the existing vast array of three-dimensional structural data into a one-dimensional form. Now that we are in the genomic age, with a very large sequence data base available for many proteins and many species, the discovery of these 20 fractals [5, 13] opens a new biophysics field of accurate thermodynamic analysis of small but medically important evolutionary differences.
- keywords: amino; attachment; cleavage; cov-1; criticality; darwinian; differences; evolution; evolutionary; extrema; feature; fig; fractals; hydropathic; hydrophilic; large; level; methods; minima; motion; mutations; networks; new; order; phase; proteins; region; sars; scale; scaling; second; self; sequences; site; small; spike; theory; ψ(aa
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- cord-158628-71n1tgrw
- author: Russo, Giulia
- title: In Silico Trial to test COVID-19 candidate vaccines: a case study with UISS platform
- date: 2020-05-05
- words: 5603
- flesch: 44
- summary: DC are able (through a mechanism known as nibbling process [46] ) to cross present the antigen complexed with MHC-I proteins to let adaptive immune response to recognize and kill virus infected cells. s the epicenter of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) and emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) spread is making its way across the world, global healthcare finds itself facing tremendous challenges.
- keywords: able; agent; agreement; antibodies; antibody; binding; case; cells; clinical; compartment; computational; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cpe; data; day; days; different; disease; dynamics; effective; efficacy; entities; figure; good; host; human; il-6; immune; immune system; infected; infection; latest; lep; literature; lung; mab; main; mechanism; mhc; mild; modeling; models; monoclonal; new; onset; panel; patients; platform; potential; present; process; question; receptor; respiratory; response; results; sars; severe; silico; simulation; specific; system; therapeutic; time; trial; uiss; vaccination; vaccine; viral; virus; wang
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- cord-193133-puqcbf8t
- author: Piplani, Sakshi
- title: In silico comparison of spike protein-ACE2 binding affinities across species; significance for the possible origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus
- date: 2020-05-13
- words: 3816
- flesch: 43
- summary: 29 The X-ray crystal structures of human ACE2 (recode 3SCI) and human SARS spike protein (refcode 5XLR) were retrieved from Protein Data Bank. The SARS-CoV spike protein was also docked with human ACE2 protein to obtain the docking pose for binding energy calculations.
- keywords: ace2; animals; bat; binding; cats; complex; complexes; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; different; docking; dogs; energies; energy; ferrets; figure; free; high; human; human ace2; infection; interaction; ligand; like; method; models; molecular; pandemic; pangolin; protein; quality; questions; ramachandran; range; rbd; receptor; residues; sars; sarscov2; scores; sequence; server; simulations; species; spike; spike protein; structures; studies; supplementary; susceptibility; system; table; time; viruses; zoonotic
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- cord-193489-u6ewlh16
- author: Wang, Rui
- title: Decoding SARS-CoV-2 transmission, evolution and ramification on COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine, and medicine
- date: 2020-04-29
- words: 6071
- flesch: 56
- summary: The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, or S protein, comprised of two subunits, S1 and S2, of very different properties [13] , see Fig. 5 . bioRxiv SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus The crystal structure of papain-like protease of sars cov-2 Structure of the rna-dependent rna polymerase from covid-19 virus Structural model of the sars coronavirus e channel in lmpg micelles Crystal structure of rna binding domain of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein from sars coronavirus 2.
- keywords: acid; amino; analysis; binding; cell; cluster; clustering; conservative; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; degenerate; development; diagnostic; different; discovery; disease; distance; drug; envelope; evolution; figure; genes; genome; genotyping; high; host; index; jaccard; january; like; main; means; mutations; n protein; non; nucleocapsid; number; papain; plpro; polymerase; protease; protein; ratio; regions; replication; residues; rna; s protein; sample; sars; snp; specific; spike; spread; structural; subtypes; table; target; tests; transmission; vaccines; variants; viral; world
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- cord-214854-ck61ja2t
- author: Zhong, Jing
- title: Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 with functionalized magnetic nanoparticles
- date: 2020-10-08
- words: 2063
- flesch: 36
- summary: The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2 Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Homogeneous biosensing based on magnetic particle labels Magnetic nanoparticle-based biomolecule imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer Binding assays with streptavidin-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles and biotinylated analytes using fluxgate magnetorelaxometry Magnetic susceptibility reduction method for magnetically labeled immunoassay Dependence of biomolecule detection on magnetic nanoparticle concentration Magnetic Nanoparticle Relaxation Dynamics-Based Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Rapid and Wash-Free Molecular Sensing Real-time measurement of Brownian relaxation of magnetic nanoparticles by a mixing-frequency method Molecular sensing with magnetic nanoparticles using magnetic spectroscopy of nanoparticle Brownian motion Ultra-highly sensitive and wash-free bio-detection of H5N1 virus by immunomagnetic reduction assays Washfree, antibody-assisted magnetoreduction assays of orchid viruses Magnetically enhanced high-specificity virus detection using bioactivated magnetic nanoparticles with antibodies as labeling markers Homogeneous circle-to-circle amplification for real-time optomagnetic detection of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp coding sequence SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers, Elife Magnetic nanoparticle temperature imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer Fluxgate based detection of magnetic nanoparticle dynamics in a rotating magnetic field Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods, Chronicles of young scientists Harmonized guidelines for single-laboratory validation of methods of analysis Rapid tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the way forward Detecting the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Tomographic imaging using the nonlinear response of magnetic particles First experimental evidence of the feasibility of multi-color magnetic particle imaging Dual-frequency magnetic particle imaging of the Brownian particle contribution The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Tian et al. reported on homogeneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 utilizing an opto-magnetic measurement system for the detection of the RND-dependent RNA polymerase coding Page 4 of 21 sequence of SARS-CoV-2 [26] .
- keywords: approach; biomolecules; brownian; coronavirus; cov-2; detection; diagnostics; experimental; frequency; harmonic; homogeneous; imaging; infection; lod; magnetic; measurement; mnps; mps; nanoparticles; outbreak; particle; pcr; rapid; ratio; relaxation; respiratory; sars; sensitive; sensitivity; spike; time; virus
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- cord-252049-rgdynmla
- author: Tomar, Sakshi
- title: Ligand-induced Dimerization of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus nsp5 Protease (3CL(pro)): IMPLICATIONS FOR nsp5 REGULATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRALS
- date: 2015-06-08
- words: 11873
- flesch: 43
- summary: On the contrary, noncovalent peptidomimetic compounds (for example, compounds 10 and 11) inhibit the enzymatic activity of MERS-CoV 3CL pro only at high compound concentrations. Moreover, inhibition by compound 10 occurred at lower compound concentrations when higher concentrations of enzyme were used.
- keywords: 3cl pro; absence; acids; activation; active; activity; acute; addition; amino; analysis; associated; auc; auto; backbone; binding; bond; buffer; cat; catalytic; cleavage; column; complex; compound; concentrations; constant; coronavirus; coronavirus 3cl; cov 3cl; data; density; design; determined; development; dimer; dimerization; domain; enzymatic; enzyme; equation; equilibrium; experiments; fig; final; fit; fold; formation; forms; group; higher; hku4; hku5; hydrogen; iii; induced; inhibitor; initial; interactions; interface; kinetic; ligand; like; loop; low; lower; mature; measured; mechanism; mers; model; molecular; monomer; nonconserved; noncovalent; observed; peptide; peptidomimetic; polyprotein; position; presence; present; pro dimer; pro enzymes; pro monomer; processing; protease; range; ray; reaction; replication; residues; respiratory; results; sars; shaded; site; step; structure; studies; substrate; syndrome; table; terminal; termini; time; total; values
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- cord-252232-vgq6gjpx
- author: Hou, Yuxuan
- title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins of different bat species confer variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV entry
- date: 2010-06-22
- words: 3224
- flesch: 48
- summary: Another important finding of our current study is the great genetic diversity of bat ACE2 proteins, which is in contrast to the genetically homogenous hACE2 [10] . Chimeric ACE2 was constructed by combining the N-terminal region of bat ACE2 with the C-terminal portion of human ACE2 at the unique BamHI site (1,070-1,075 bp).
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; analysis; bat; bats; binding; bridge; cells; civet; coronavirus; cov; different; entry; fig; hela; host; hubei; human; hydrophobic; infection; interactions; like; mdace2; molecules; natural; protein; province; rbd; receptor; region; reservoir; residues; respiratory; salt; sars; sequence; severe; sinicus; species; spike; structural; syndrome; terminal; usa
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- cord-252389-xrdbmosj
- author: Kumar, Mukesh
- title: Neurological manifestations and comorbidity associated with COVID-19: an overview
- date: 2020-10-14
- words: 5453
- flesch: 37
- summary: The neurological manifestations reported by SARS patients, SARS-CoV was detected in samples/specimens of SARS patients. In this article, we have reviewed the neurological characteristic features of COVID-19 patients, latent neurotropic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 involvement in the comorbidity associated with CNS disorders, and neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19.
- keywords: ace2; acute; associated; authors; blood; brain; cases; cells; central; children; china; chronic; clinical; cns; common; comorbidities; conditions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cvd; cytokine; disease; disorders; encephalopathy; entry; evidence; failure; headache; host; human; immune; infection; like; manifestations; mers; nervous; neuroinvasive; neurological; neurological manifestations; neuronal; neurons; neurotropic; novel; olfactory; pandemic; patients; possible; potential; pre; protein; psychiatric; receptor; reported; reports; respiratory; review; risk; rna; sars; seizures; severe; spread; storm; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; tissue; tract; treatment; viral; viruses
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- cord-252456-971d0sir
- author: Hemida, Maged Gomaa
- title: The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from a one health perspective
- date: 2020-03-16
- words: 4830
- flesch: 51
- summary: Emerg Infect Dis Avian Influenza Virus Detection Rates in Poultry and Environment at Live Poultry Markets Effect of closure of live poultry markets on poultry-to-person transmission of avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an ecological study Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by Controversy around airborne versus droplet transmission of respiratory viruses: implication for infection prevention Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination Isolation and identification of human coronavirus 229E from frequently touched environmental surfaces of a university classroom that is cleaned daily Extensive Viable Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the virus infectivity/survival has great impact on the control of this class of respiratory viruses.
- keywords: acute; animals; approach; avian; bats; birds; cases; cell; china; civet; close; concept; control; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; detection; early; east; emergence; entry; environment; genome; great; health; human; identification; infected; infection; influenza; j o; large; live; market; mers; middle; novel; number; outbreak; pathogens; patients; people; person; possibility; potential; poultry; r n; recent; respiratory; rna; sars; severe; species; strategies; studies; study; syndrome; time; transmission; treatment; u r; viral; virus; viruses; wild
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- cord-252600-bvh1o64r
- author: Galasiti Kankanamalage, Anushka C.
- title: Structure-guided design of potent and permeable inhibitors of MERS coronavirus 3CL protease that utilize a piperidine moiety as a novel design element
- date: 2018-04-25
- words: 4766
- flesch: 44
- summary: S n ' correspond to the enzyme subsites on the N-terminus and C-terminus side, respectively, of the scissile bond Structure of main protease from human coronavirus NL63: insights for wide spectrum anti-coronavirus drug design Reversal of the progression of fatal coronavirus infection in cats by a broad-spectrum coronavirus protease inhibitor Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis Tripeptide aldehyde inhibitors of human rhinovirus 3C protease: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and cocrystal structure solution of P1 glutamine isosteric replacements Structure-guided design and optimization of dipeptidyl inhibitors of norovirus 3CL protease. Inspection of the structure reveals the presence of prominent electron density consistent with the structure of inhibitor 10c; however, the N-Bocpiperidinyl moiety was disordered.
- keywords: 10a; 10c; 10e; 3clpro; acetate; active; activity; adduct; aldehyde; anhydrous; aqueous; binding; bisulfite; cell; chromatography; complex; compounds; concentrated; coronavirus; corresponding; cov; data; design; determined; dipeptidyl; dry; east; enzyme; ester; ethyl; extended; fig; fipv; flash; gc376; gc813; inhibitor; interactions; layer; like; mers; middle; mixture; mmol; moiety; organic; piperidine; product; protease; protein; ray; reaction; replication; residue; respiratory; room; sars; site; sodium; solution; solvent; structure; subsite; sulfate; syndrome; synthesis; table; temperature; white
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- cord-252767-as841xo0
- author: Fischer, Bastian
- title: SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in blood donors located in three different federal states, Germany, March to June 2020
- date: 2020-07-16
- words: 2029
- flesch: 42
- summary: Fallzahlen in Deutschland und weltweit Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralising antibodies in blood donors from the Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study Estimating the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in Europe What policy makers need to know about COVID-19 protective immunity Longitudinal profile of antibodies against SARS-coronavirus in SARS patients and their clinical significance Patterns of IgG and IgM antibody response in COVID-19 patients Systemic and mucosal antibody secretion specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19 Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 We gratefully thank Birgit Drawe, Ricarda Plümers, Anika Kleine, Vanessa Schmidt, Janina Tiemann, Thanh-Diep Ly, Christopher Lindenkamp and Christoph Lichtenberg for their technical assistance. It should be emphasised that the preselection of blood donors as study cohort is accompanied by limitations regarding representation of the population: Blood donors are between 18 and 65 years-old, young healthy adults are usually overrepresented and other groups (e.g. children, HIV/HCV/HBV-infected patients, older people with underlying conditions, institutionalised people) are excluded or underrepresented.
- keywords: anti; antibodies; antibody; asymptomatic; blood; cases; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detectable; donors; federal; german; igg; individuals; infected; infection; june; levels; march; mild; patients; people; regular; sars; seropositive; seroprevalence; severe; states; study; symptoms
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- cord-253457-gawn4s9g
- author: Yau, Kevin
- title: COVID-19 Outbreak in an Urban Hemodialysis Unit
- date: 2020-07-15
- words: 2217
- flesch: 42
- summary: Eleven of 237 (4.6%) hemodialysis patients and 11 of 93 (12%) of staff tested positive for COVID-19. Between April 11, 2020 and April 22, 2020, all remaining patients and staff who interacted with hemodialysis patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swabs.
- keywords: april; asymptomatic; centre; contact; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; droplet; health; hemodialysis; hospital; individuals; infection; nasopharyngeal; outbreak; patients; pcr; positive; precautions; primary; sars; screening; staff; study; swabs; testing; time; transmission; unit; universal
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- cord-253665-1dn3ek34
- author: Vishnubalaji, Radhakrishnan
- title: Protein Coding and Long Noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Transcriptional Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells Highlight a Role for Interferon and Inflammatory Response
- date: 2020-07-07
- words: 5434
- flesch: 32
- summary: IPA uses precise algorithms to predict functional regulatory networks from gene expression data and provides a significance score for each network according to the fit of the network to the set of focus genes in the database. Mapping and aligning RNA-seq data to the NCBI viral genome reference sequence revealed expression of orf1ab_8, S_14, M_51, ORF67a, ORF8_8 and N_65 viral genes (Figure 5b ).
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; affected; analysis; associated; axis; biological; cancer; category; cells; cellular; changes; coding; common; complex; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; downstream; enrichment; entry; expression; figure; functional; genes; genome; group; host; human; ifn; ifng; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; ipa; irf9; lncrnas; long; lung; malat1; mapk1; marker; mechanistic; mrnas; neat1; networks; nhbe; nhbe cells; non; noncoding; pathway; patient; potential; protein; receptor; regulator; related; replication; respiratory; response; role; sars; sequence; signaling; study; supplementary; suppression; table; tissue; transcription; transcriptome; type; upregulated; upstream; viral
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- cord-253844-y6xdcf20
- author: Yesudhas, Dhanusha
- title: COVID-19 outbreak: history, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics
- date: 2020-09-04
- words: 7192
- flesch: 43
- summary: The lung macrophage in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a friend or a foe? SARS-coronavirus replication in human peripheral monocytes/macrophages Structural variations in human ACE2 may influence its binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Intrinsically unstructured proteins and their functions Role of disordered regions in transferring tyrosine to its cognate tRNA The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein Structure of the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of the SARS CoV nucleocapsid protein The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein-forms and functions Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: a decade of structural studies Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade The role of furin cleavage site in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated membrane fusion in the presence or absence of trypsin A review on the cleavage priming of the spike protein on coronavirus by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and furin Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2 Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Protein intrinsic disorder and influenza virulence: the 1918 H1N1 and H5N1 viruses Computational studies of drug repurposing and synergism of lopinavir, oseltamivir and ritonavir binding with SARS-CoV-2 Protease against COVID-19 Therapeutic targets and computational approaches on drug development for COVID-19 Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Feasibility and biological rationale of repurposing sunitinib and erlotinib for dengue treatment Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Simultaneous treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with serine and cysteine protease inhibitors prevents severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry Identification of the first synthetic inhibitors of the type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 suitable for inhibition of influenza virus activation Coronavirus replication complex formation utilizes components of cellular autophagy Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Use of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during the COVID-19 SARS coronavirus: a new challenge for prevention and therapy Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis Receptor recognition and cross-species infections of SARS coronavirus Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus Proteolytic activation of the SARS-coronavirus spike protein: cutting enzymes at the cutting edge of antiviral research The species severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.
- keywords: ace2; ace2 receptor; acid; activity; acute; addition; affinity; alpha; analysis; angiotensin; animals; bat; binding; cancer; cell; china; civet; clinical; complex; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; development; different; discovery; disease; disordered; domain; drug; effective; endocytic; endocytosis; entry; enzyme; family; fig; fusion; glycoprotein; hcov; health; host; hotspot; human; human ace2; identification; important; infected; infection; inhibitor; interaction; key; kinase; like; mechanism; membrane; mers; ncov; new; novel; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pneumonia; potent; potential; present; process; protease; protein; rate; rbd; receptor; recognition; regions; related; repurposing; residues; respiratory; responsible; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; selective; sequence; severe; small; species; spike; spike protein; spread; state; structural; studies; study; subunit; syndrome; target; terminal; therapeutic; tmprss2; transmission; treatment; vaccines; viral; viral entry; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-253862-jl1zhg13
- author: Khalaf, Khalil
- title: SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment
- date: 2020-10-06
- words: 14633
- flesch: 37
- summary: A cohort study Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection Challenges of convalescent plasma infusion therapy in Middle East respiratory coronavirus infection: a single centre experience Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Treatment of 5 critically Ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma Safety update: COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 20,000 hospitalized patients Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viroporin 3A activates the NLRP3 inflammasome The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease IL-37 is a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by COVID-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease Use of baricitinib in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants Neutralizing epitopes of the SARS-CoV S-protein cluster independent of repertoire, antigen structure or mAb technology Monoclonal antibodies targeting the HR2 domain and the region immediately upstream of the HR2 of the S protein neutralize in vitro infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, therapeutic potential Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Similar to SARS, infected patients presented with a variety of clinical courses, from mild upper respiratory symptoms to fulminant pneumonia and multi-organ system failure.
- keywords: action; activation; activity; acute; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; assay; autophagy; available; azithromycin; bat; benefit; blood; broad; capable; care; cases; cd147; cd4; cells; clearance; clinical; cohort; combination; control; convalescent; converting; coronavirus; cough; course; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokine; damage; days; dependent; detection; development; diagnostic; different; disease; domain; dose; drug; early; effects; efficacy; elisa; entry; enzyme; et al; expression; failure; favipiravir; formation; function; future; gene; genome; group; healthy; high; higher; hiv-1; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; igg; igm; il-1; il-6; ill; illness; immune; immunity; increase; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibitor; injury; innate; interaction; interferon; label; levels; like; load; lopinavir; lower; lung; markers; material; mechanism; mers; mild; monoclonal; mortality; ncov; negative; new; non; novel; nsp; number; open; order; organ; outbreak; pathogen; pathway; patients; pcr; phase; placebo; plasma; pneumonia; polymerase; positive; possible; potential; production; protease; protein; randomized; rapid; rate; rdrp; receptor; release; remdesivir; replication; research; respiratory; response; responsible; results; review; ribavirin; ritonavir; rna; safety; samples; sars; sensitivity; severe; single; specific; spike; standard; storm; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; systematic; target; testing; tests; therapeutic; therapy; time; tocilizumab; transmission; treatment; trial; type; use; viral; viruses; vitro
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- cord-253905-zknmfgsh
- author: Li, Xingguang
- title: Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross‐species analyses of SARS‐CoV‐2
- date: 2020-03-11
- words: 3850
- flesch: 37
- summary: We removed three SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences (ie, BetaCoV/Wuhan/IPBCAMS-WH-02/2019, EPI_ISL_403931; BetaCoV/Shenzhen/SZTH-001/2020, EPI_ISL_406592; BetaCoV/Shenzhen/SZTH-004/2020, EPI_ISL_406595) with potential sequencing errors, but these may have less impact on the above estimates when more substitutions of SARS-CoV-2 are accumulated over time. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-toperson transmission: a study of a family cluster Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People's Republic of China Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group Ecoepidemiology and complete genome comparison of different strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Rhinolophus bat coronavirus in China reveal bats as a reservoir for acute, self-limiting infection that allows recombination events Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet MERS coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels MERS coronaviruses in dromedary camels Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Viral metagenomics revealed sendai virus and coronavirus infection of Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica) disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative contribution to global health MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing Maximum-likelihood analysis using TREE-PUZZLE TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method New algorithms and methods to estimate maximumlikelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0 A new method for calculating evolutionary substitution rates Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap Exploring the temporal structure of heterochronous sequences using TempEst (formerly Path-O-Gen) TreeTime: maximum-likelihood phylodynamic analysis Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7 Many-core algorithms for statistical phylogenetics Moderate mutation rate in the SARS coronavirus genome and its implications Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study Spread, circulation, and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using tracer 1.7 HIV-TRACE (TRAnsmission Cluster Engine): a tool for large scale molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 and other rapidly evolving pathogens Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019-nCoV Potential of large 'first generation' human-tohuman transmission of 2019-nCoV A single point mutation creating a furin cleavage site in the spike protein renders porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus trypsin independent for cell entry and fusion A fluorogenic peptide cleavage assay to screen for proteolytic activity: applications for coronavirus spike protein activation Functional analysis of potential cleavage sites in the MERS-coronavirus spike protein Structural investigation of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 cleavage site 3: role of sitespecific mutations Maturation of HIV envelope glycoprotein precursors by cellular endoproteases Processing and routage of HIV glycoproteins by furin to the cell surface The convertases furin and PC1 can both cleave the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 into gp120 (HIV-1 SU) and gp41 (HIV-I TM) Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2 The authors declare that there are no conflict of interests.
- keywords: acute; analyses; animal; bat; bats; betacov; china; clade; cleavage; clusters; coronavirus; cov-2; dataset_70; dates; dating; different; evolutionary; figure; furin; genomes; host; human; intermediate; likelihood; mers; method; models; network; novel; pangolins; phylogenetic; potential; protein; respiratory; results; sars; sars‐cov‐2; sequences; severe; similar; site; spike; srr10168377; strains; study; substitutions; syndrome; tip; tmrca; transmission; tree; virus
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- cord-254395-tu4aqczj
- author: Froggatt, Heather M.
- title: Development of a Fluorescence-Based, High-Throughput SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) Reporter Assay
- date: 2020-10-27
- words: 4215
- flesch: 43
- summary: The substrate specificity of SARS coronavirus 3C-like proteinase Chimeric exchange of coronavirus nsp5 proteases (3CLpro) identifies common and divergent regulatory determinants of protease activity NCBI viral genomes resource To develop an assay for protease inhibitor screening using our CoV reporter 3, we first needed to optimize the experimental conditions.
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; activity; antiviral; assay; background; betacoronavirus; cells; cleavage; compatible; concentrations; control; coronavirus; cov 3cl; cov-2; covid-19; development; discovery; drug; early; experiments; expression; fig; flipgfp; fluorescence; gc376; green; high; human; identification; infected; infection; inhibitor; level; like; main; novel; posttransfection; present; pro; protease; proteins; rapid; replication; reporter; rna; sars; screening; sequence; signal; significant; site; target; testing; throughput; time; transfection; viral
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- cord-254446-yxqbe1dj
- author: Ren, Yunzhao R.
- title: A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19
- date: 2020-05-29
- words: 6750
- flesch: 32
- summary: One study reported that IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 plasma concentrations in COVID-19 patients were significantly higher compared to results from four healthy In addition to the consistent trend of lower lymphocyte counts observed in severe cases of COVID-19 (Table 3 ) from different studies, total T cells, CD4 + T cells, and CD8 + T cells also were significantly lower in severe/critical COVID-19 cases than in non-severe cases 124, 127, 128 . They also found that CD8 + T cells in COVID-19 patients exhibit many aspects of exhaustion and reduced function, such as Once in the cell, the virus is not killed or neutralized; instead, it may continue to replicate, and/or stimulate or kill the target cells, causing more inflammation and damage.
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; admission; analysis; anti; antibody; antiviral; associated; asymptomatic; azithromycin; blood; cases; cells; characteristics; children; china; clinical; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; course; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; days; death; detection; development; different; disease; early; exhaustion; failure; fda; features; findings; heart; high; higher; hospital; hours; human; hydroxychloroquine; immune; infected; infection; injury; levels; load; lower; lung; maternal; median; meta; mild; mother; ncov; neonatal; new; nicotine; non; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleic; observational; old; onset; outbreak; outcomes; pandemic; patients; pcr; plasma; pneumonia; positive; pregnant; rate; related; reported; reports; respiratory; results; retrospective; review; samples; sars; series; severe; severity; smoking; studies; study; swabs; symptom; syndrome; systematic; test; therapeutic; time; transmission; treatment; trial; use; viral; women; wuhan
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- cord-254469-7q6xi2xx
- author: Wang, Fuzhou
- title: An Evidence Based Perspective on mRNA-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development
- date: 2020-05-05
- words: 4743
- flesch: 40
- summary: Therefore, further in-depth studies are needed to elucidate the structure and corresponding physiological and immunological properties of the S protein and also other structural proteins that have a potential role in vaccine development, including mRNA based vaccines. The spike glycoprotein (S protein) is now a key target for vaccine development, therapeutic antibody generation, and the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; binding; cell; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; delivery; development; effective; efficacy; envelope; glycosylation; health; high; host; human; immune; immunogenicity; important; infection; key; lipid; membrane; mrna; mrna vaccine; mrna-1273; new; non; novel; pandemic; phase; potential; protein; rbd; receptor; research; respiratory; response; role; s protein; safety; sars; sequence; severe; site; spike; spread; structural; syndrome; target; therapeutic; tmprss2; translation; trial; use; vaccine; vaccine development; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-254636-3lr008th
- author: Shishir, Tushar Ahmed
- title: In silico comparative genomics of SARS-CoV-2 to determine the source and diversity of the pathogen in Bangladesh
- date: 2020-08-16
- words: 2976
- flesch: 44
- summary: Rapid detection of selective pressure on individual sites of codon alignments DeepDDG: Predicting the Stability Change of Protein Point Mutations Using Neural Networks AputativediacidicmotifintheSARS-CoVORF6proteininfluencesitssubcellularlocalizationandsuppressionofexpressionofco -transfectedexpressionconstructs SARS-CoV accessory protein 7a directly interacts with human LFA-1 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Gene 7 Products Contribute to Virus-Induced Apoptosis Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ORF7a Inhibits Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 Virion Tethering through a Novel Mechanism of Glycosylation Interference The ORF8 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Mediates Immune Evasion through Potently Downregulating MHC-I. bioRxiv The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19 COVID-2019: All mutations were synonymous and found this gene conserved In summary, mutation analysis revealed point mutations as well as deletion of base pairs.
- keywords: analysis; ancestral; bangladesh; chattogram; china; clades; coding; comparative; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; d614; dhaka; different; fig; genome; genomic; haplotype; isolates; mutations; narayanganj; network; non; number; pandemic; phylogenetic; pressure; protein; region; respiratory; sars; selection; sequences; spike; syndrome; table; tree; unique; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-254916-y1rw9q11
- author: Ogando, Natacha S.
- title: SARS-coronavirus-2 replication in Vero E6 cells: replication kinetics, rapid adaptation and cytopathology
- date: 2020-06-22
- words: 8596
- flesch: 42
- summary: The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade The proteolytic regulation of virus cell entry by furin and other proprotein convertases A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Host cell entry of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein Furin cleavage of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein enhances cell-cell fusion but does not affect virion entry Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Cathepsin L functionally cleaves the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus class I fusion protein upstream of rather than adjacent to the fusion peptide Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/ lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner SARS coronavirus, but not human coronavirus NL63, utilizes cathepsin L to infect ACE2-expressing cells Identification of a common deletion in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Characterisation of the transcriptome and proteome of SARS-CoV-2 using direct RNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry reveals evidence for a cell passage induced in-frame deletion in the spike glycoprotein that removes the furin-like cleavage site A hypervariable region within the 3' cis-acting element of the murine coronavirus genome is nonessential for RNA synthesis but affects pathogenesis A conserved RNA pseudoknot in a putative molecular switch domain of the 3'-untranslated region of coronaviruses is only marginally stable RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment Isolation, sequence, infectivity and replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells Apical entry and release of severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus in polarized Calu-3 lung epithelial cells Exogenous ACE2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication SARS-Associated coronavirus replication in cell lines Discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replicationspecific multiplex reverse transcription-PCR Studies on the mechanism of the priming effect of interferon on interferon production by cell cultures exposed to poly(rI)-poly(rC) Regulation of the interferon system: evidence that Vero cells have a genetic defect in interferon production A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China The FDAapproved gold drug auranofin inhibits novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) replication and attenuates inflammation in human cells Overexpression of 7a, a protein specifically encoded by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, induces apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway Sars coronavirus 7a protein blocks cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase via the cyclin D3/pRb pathway The ORF7b protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is expressed in virus-infected cells and incorporated into SARS-CoV particles The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors The 8ab protein of SARS-CoV is a luminal ER membrane-associated protein and induces the activation of ATF6 SARS-Coronavirus open reading Frame-8b triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 Proteolytic processing of the replicase ORF1a protein of equine arteritis virus Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV Monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA as probes of RNA structure in crude nucleic acid extracts Localization of mouse hepatitis virus nonstructural proteins and RNA synthesis indicates a role for late endosomes in viral replication Debio 025, a cyclophilin binding molecule, is highly efficient in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-containing cells when used alone or in combination with specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C) inhibitors The intracellular sites of early replication and budding of SARScoronavirus Sars-Coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum Double-Stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negativestrand RNA viruses Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex Infectious bronchitis virus generates spherules from zippered endoplasmic reticulum membranes The porcine deltacoronavirus replication organelle comprises Double-Membrane vesicles and Zippered endoplasmic reticulum with Double-Membrane spherules Replication of coronavirus MHV-A59 in sac-cells: determination of the first site of budding of progeny virions Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Human coronavirus
- keywords: acute; alisporivir; analysis; antisera; antiviral; arg682; assay; associated; australia; bat; cells; characterization; china; chloroquine; cleavage; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covs; cross; culture; data; deletion; dependent; different; double; e6 cells; entry; evolution; expression; features; fig; furin; gene; general; genome; host; human; infected; infection; inhibitors; interferon; intracellular; isolate; isolation; kinetics; large; like; low; membrane; mers; mouse; mrnas; mutations; new; ngs; non; novel; nsps; observed; origin; p.i; pandemic; passaging; phenotype; plaque; polyclonal; potential; present; progeny; protein; rabbit; reactivity; reads; receptor; region; related; remdesivir; replicase; replication; respiratory; rna; samples; sars; sars coronavirus; sequence; severe; similar; single; site; small; species; specific; spike; stock; structural; studies; study; syndrome; synthesis; table; targets; time; treatment; variety; vero; vero e6; vic01/2020; viral; virions; viruses
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- cord-254968-czrgzyr3
- author: Zhang, Qiang
- title: A serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 in cat in Wuhan
- date: 2020-09-17
- words: 3152
- flesch: 50
- summary: Virus neutralization test and Western blot assay of cat serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 (A) Cat#14, Cat#15 and Cat#4 sera were 3-fold serially diluted and mixed with SARS-CoV-2; after incubated at 37°C for 1 h, the mixture was used to infect Vero E6 cells, and replaced with semi-solid media 1 h later. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -an update on the status Discovery of Bat coronaviruses through Surveillance and probe Capturebased Next-Generation Sequencing Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Are pangolins the intermediate host of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)?
- keywords: addition; animals; antibodies; antibody; cats; china; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; diluted; dynamics; elisa; figure; fipv; host; human; igg; infected; infection; neutralization; neutralizing; novel; outbreak; patient; plates; positive; protein; rbd; respiratory; samples; sars; sera; serological; serum; transmission; type; virus; vnt; wuhan
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- cord-255552-k1retwa4
- author: Gassen, Nils C.
- title: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-controlled autophagy reveals spermidine, MK-2206, and niclosamide as putative antiviral therapeutics
- date: 2020-04-15
- words: 1215
- flesch: 11
- summary: N Engl 216 Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling 218 modulation for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as identified 219 by temporal kinome analysis The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins 221 as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors As AKT1 inhibition results in BECN1 up-regulation and autophagy induction (10, 31), SARS-CoV-2 174 growth inhibition was expected.
- keywords: acute; akt; akt1; ampk; antiviral; autophagy; becn1; cells; coronavirus; degradation; east; figure; induction; infection; inhibition; metabolism; middle; niclosamide; pathways; propagation; protein; regulation; respiratory; sars; skp2; smip004; spermidine; syndrome; targeting
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- cord-255815-5d9bqji0
- author: Malik, Ajamaluddin
- title: MERS‐CoV papain-like protease (PL(pro)): expression, purification, and spectroscopic/thermodynamic characterization
- date: 2017-05-30
- words: 3934
- flesch: 50
- summary: MERS-CoV main protease (M pro , also called the 3C-like protease, 3CL pro ) cleaves at eleven sites, while MERS-CoV papain-like protease (PL pro ) cuts at three sites on the nonstructural polypeptides and releases mature nonstructural proteins (Hilgenfeld 2014) . MERS-CoV PL pro consists of two domains: N-terminal ubiquitinlike (Ubl) domain and a catalytic core domain.
- keywords: acute; assay; blue; changes; coli; conformational; coronavirus; cov; cov pl; different; dms; east; emission; et al; expression; fig; fluorescence; intensity; intrinsic; like; lin; max; maximum; melting; mers; middle; min; papain; pathway; pl pro; pro; protease; protein; purification; purified; residues; respiratory; sars; secondary; shift; single; spectra; spectroscopy; state; structure; study; syndrome; temperature; thermal; thermodynamic; transition; tryptophan; unfolding; value; ° c
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- cord-255883-mz6nyisw
- author: Asif, Muhammad
- title: COVID-19 and therapy with essential oils having antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties
- date: 2020-08-14
- words: 5302
- flesch: 35
- summary: After the emergence of shreds of preliminary scientific evidences about anti-SARC-CoV-2 potentials of essential oils and their active components, various essential oils selling and extraction companies claimed about efficacy of their essential oils bearing products against COVID-19. MicrobiologyOpen 6:e00459 Safety of essential oils Relaxant effects of the essential oil of Eucalyptus tereticornis and its main constituent 1,8-cineole on guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle Menthol: effects on nasal sensation of airflow and the drive to breathe SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) targeting: an in silico perspective Structurally related monoterpenes p-cymene, carvacrol and thymol isolated from essential oil from leaves of Lippia sidoides Cham.
- keywords: ace2; active; activities; activity; acute; anti; antioxidant; antiviral; approx; asthma; binding; carvacrol; cases; cells; chloroquine; cineole; cinnamaldehyde; claims; clinical; colleagues; components; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; data; dependent; different; disease; docking; drugs; effects; efficacy; entry; eos; essential; essential oils; et al; eucalyptus; eugenol; farnesene; garlic; host; https; human; il-6; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibit; interactions; juergens; lung; main; major; menthol; mice; molecular; mpro; nrf2; oils; patients; plant; potential; properties; proteins; pulmonary; replication; respiratory; review; rna; sarc; sars; silico; spike; studies; study; techniques; treatment; viral; virus; viruses; vivo
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- cord-255997-oer5lxxr
- author: Onodi, Fanny
- title: SARS-CoV-2 induces activation and diversification of human plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells
- date: 2020-07-10
- words: 4250
- flesch: 44
- summary: First, we asked whether SARS-CoV-2 was able to induce pDC activation, and diversification into IFNproducing and/or T cell stimulating effectors, as we previously described for influenza virus A (Flu) (Alculumbre et al., 2018) . PDC activation and diversification was observed with two independent primary SARS-CoV-2 strains (Fig 1C) , which both induced similar proportions of P1-P3 subsets.
- keywords: ace2; activation; antiviral; cd80; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; cytokines; dendritic; disease; diversification; early; effector; et al; expression; fig; flu; hcq; high; hours; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; iii; il-6; immune; immunity; induced; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; key; levels; major; manufacturer; mechanisms; patients; pdc; plasmacytoid; primary; production; response; results; sars; severe; similar; stage; stimulation; strains; studies; subsets; supernatants; tay; tnf; type; vero; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-256020-wrui3i2l
- author: Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun
- title: Understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-08-26
- words: 7116
- flesch: 43
- summary: Certain classes of compounds, called surfactants, are contained in soap and have the ability to neutralize microbes such as SARS CoV-2. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China A novel coronavirus emerging in China-key questions for impact assessment Recent insights into the biology of pancreatic cancer Paracrine and cell autonomous signalling in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis Current and emerging therapies for patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a bright future SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia Isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from the first US COVID-19 patient Potential maternal and infant outcomes from coronavirus 2019-nCoV (SARS-CoV-2) infecting pregnant women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Viral and cellular mRNA translation in coronavirus-infected cells Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes From SARS to MERS, thrusting coronaviruses into the spotlight A complete sequence and comparative analysis of a SARS-associated virus (isolate BJ01) Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection Bat origin of human coronaviruses Isolation and growth characterization of novel full length and deletion mutant human MERS-CoV strains from clinical specimens collected during Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Emergence of a pathogenic human coronavirus Cryo-electron tomography of mouse hepatitis virus: insights into the structure of the coronavirion Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy The coronavirus spike protein is a class I virus fusion protein: structural and functional characterization of the fusion core complex
- keywords: ace2; acute; alveoli; analysis; angiotensin; antiviral; associated; beta; binding; blood; care; cases; cells; cfr; characteristics; china; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cough; countries; cov-2; covid-19; covs; development; diagnosis; different; disease; drugs; east; entry; envelope; expression; eyes; factors; features; fever; figure; genome; hcov; health; higher; hku1; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; important; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; information; isolation; levels; limited; lung; mers; middle; molecules; mortality; msof; multiple; ncov; new; novel; novel coronavirus; number; oc43; outbreak; outcomes; patients; person; pneumonia; potential; protein; rate; receptor; repurposed; research; respiratory; response; review; risk; rna; sars; severe; specific; spike; spread; states; structural; studies; study; surface; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; therapeutic; tract; translation; transmission; treatment; type; united; use; vaccines; viral; wuhan
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- cord-256146-d599uera
- author: Kuiken, Thijs
- title: Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome
- date: 2003-07-26
- words: 5704
- flesch: 43
- summary: Replication in SARS-CoV-infected macaques of pneumonia similar to that in human beings with SARS, combined with the high prevalence of SARS-CoV infection in SARS patients, fulfill the criteria required to prove that SARS-CoV is the primary cause of SARS. Collectively, these results of laboratory studies of SARS patients and experimental infections of macaques prove that the newly discovered SARS-CoV is the primary causal agent of SARS.
- keywords: acute; alveolar; alveoli; antibody; areas; assay; bronchioles; causal; cause; cells; changes; clinical; cohort; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; culture; damage; days; definition; detection; diffuse; disease; electron; epithelial; experimental; figure; fluid; gene; human; immunohistochemistry; infected; infection; isolated; isolation; kidney; lesions; lung; macaques; macrophages; medical; metapneumovirus; microscopy; min; nasal; negative; pair; particles; pathogens; patients; pcr; pneumocytes; polymerase; positive; postmortem; presence; primary; primer; pulmonary; respiratory; rna; samples; sars; sars patients; sections; severe; specific; study; swabs; syncytia; syndrome; tcid; tissue; type; use; van; vero; virus; walls
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- cord-256217-fnjer0e0
- author: Neri, Piergiorgio
- title: COVID-19 and the eye immunity: lesson learned from the past and possible new therapeutic insights
- date: 2020-04-20
- words: 1931
- flesch: 37
- summary: In addition, early use of steroids seems to exert a more than promising control of inflammatory response in other severe viral diseases [14] . Tocilizumab was used as a rescue treatment in a series of patients affected by severe interstitial pneumonia by Zhang et al.
- keywords: affected; alpha; cells; coronavirus; corticosteroids; covid-19; disease; ecor; experimental; health; immune; infection; inflammation; interstitial; model; murine; ocular; pneumonia; possible; pulmonary; respiratory; response; retinal; role; sars; series; severe; society; syndrome; system; therapeutic; tissue; tnf; use; viral; world
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- cord-256508-ce59ovan
- author: Asselah, Tarik
- title: COVID-19: discovery, diagnostics and drug development
- date: 2020-10-08
- words: 9235
- flesch: 42
- summary: If RT-qPCR-based molecular assays for detecting SARS CoV-2 in respiratory specimens remain the current reference standard for diagnosis, point-of care technologies, and serologic immunoassays have also rapidly emerged [57] Indeed, antibodies to this protein are frequently detected in COVID-19 patient [64]
- keywords: ace2; acid; activity; acute; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assays; baricitinib; care; cases; cell; china; clinical; coagulopathy; control; coronavirus; cov-2; cov2; covid-19; covs; cycle; cytokine; data; days; detection; development; dexamethasone; diagnostic; different; discovery; disease; drug; early; efficacy; entry; exposure; factors; false; family; features; findings; gastrointestinal; gene; genome; group; high; higher; hospital; host; human; identification; immune; important; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibitors; injury; interferon; key; label; large; liver; load; lopinavir; lung; moderate; mortality; mrna; negative; neutralizing; new; novel; ongoing; onset; open; pandemic; patients; phase; plasma; point; positive; potential; presence; protease; protein; qpcr; rapid; rdrp; receptor; release; remdesivir; replication; report; repurposing; respiratory; responses; results; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; safety; samples; sars; sequence; serological; severe; single; site; small; soc; specific; specimens; spike; strategy; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; target; testing; tests; therapy; time; tools; transmission; treatment; trial; types; use; vaccine; viral; virus
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- cord-256737-ptjng78b
- author: McBride, Corrin E.
- title: Palmitoylation of SARS-CoV S protein is necessary for partitioning into detergent-resistant membranes and cell-cell fusion but not interaction with M protein
- date: 2010-09-01
- words: 8248
- flesch: 49
- summary: In addition, for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), it has been shown that S protein palmitoylation is important for interaction with the M protein (Thorp et al., 2006) . To determine if SARS-CoV S partitions into DRMs and if that partitioning is dependent on S protein palmitoylation, we isolated DRMs by floatation on a sucrose step gradient after cold Triton X-100 extraction.
- keywords: acid; acute; anti; antibodies; assembly; cell; compartment; coronavirus; cov; cov s; cysteine; cytoplasmic; detergent; drms; endo; envelope; et al; fig; fusion; glycoprotein; golgi; hek293; important; infectious; interaction; localization; lopez; machamer; mcbride; membrane; mhv; min; modification; mouse; necessary; palmitoylation; partitioning; pathway; pbs; petit; plasma; possible; post; present; protein; protein palmitoylation; rabbit; residues; resistant; respiratory; results; role; s pn; s protein; sars; sds; secretory; severe; similar; spike; stability; subcellular; surface; syndrome; tail; thorp; total; trafficking; transfection; type; viral; wild
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- cord-256888-tdx12ccj
- author: Bradley, Benjamin T
- title: Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series
- date: 2020-07-16
- words: 5010
- flesch: 42
- summary: Patient 3 and patient 9 also had microthrombi in the trachea, although in patient 3 this was qualified by chronic tracheostomy. We hypothesise that there was a subclinical period during which lung injury was occurring in COVID-19 patients with organising diffuse alveolar disease who died in the week after symptom onset.
- keywords: acute; admission; alveolar; autopsies; autopsy; btb; cardiac; cases; cause; cells; chronic; clinical; cohort; common; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; damage; data; days; diffuse; disease; electron; endothelial; epithelial; evidence; examiner; extrapulmonary; figure; findings; histopathological; immunohistochemistry; infection; injury; kidney; like; liver; lung; lymphocytes; major; medical; microscopy; microthrombi; mortem; negative; novel; office; onset; organising; particles; pathology; patients; pcr; positive; post; present; pulmonary; renal; respiratory; results; rna; samples; sars; sections; series; severe; small; staining; studies; study; symptom; syndrome; testing; time; tissue; type; usa; viral
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- cord-257105-vrwuaknf
- author: Davies, Julie
- title: Neuropilin-1 as a new potential SARS-CoV-2 infection mediator implicated in the neurologic features and central nervous system involvement of COVID-19
- date: 2020-09-15
- words: 2648
- flesch: 32
- summary: in: eBioMedicine World Health organisation (WHo): coronavirus disease 2019 (coVid-19): Weekly epidemiological update Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection Severe acute respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SarS-coV-2) and the central nervous System neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease The coVid-19 Pandemic: consideration for brain infection neurological implications of coVid-19 infections SarS-coV-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and TMPrSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 TMPrSS2 contributes to virus spread and immunopathology in the airways of murine models after coronavirus infection Pan-cancer analysis of transmembrane protease serine 2 and cathepsin l that mediate cellular SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to COVID-19 Zhou y and cui Q: aGTr2, one possible novel key gene for the entry of SarS-coV-2 into human cells raGe receptor: May be a potential inflammatory mediator for SarS-coV-2 infection? co-expression of peripheral olfactory receptors with SarS-coV-2 infection mediators: Potential implications beyond loss of smell as a coVid-19 symptom Tumor markers as an entry for SarS coV 2 infection? neuropilin-1 in transmission process of coVid-19 neuropilin-1 facilitates SarS-coV-2 cell entry and provides a possible pathway into the central nervous system neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SarS-coV-2 infection Vander Kooi cW: neuropilin Functions as an essential cell Surface receptor Multifaceted role of neuropilins in the immune system: potential targets for immunotherapy Purification and characterization of progenitor and mature human astrocytes reveals transcriptional and functional differences with mouse FanToM consortium and the riKen PMi and clST (dGT): A promoter-level mammalian expression atlas Björk l, Breckels lM, et al: a subcellular map of the human proteome et al: a molecular census of arcuate hypothalamus and median eminence cell types S: dopamine reward circuitry: Two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens -olfactory tubercle complex Sniffing out the contributions of the olfactory tubercle to the sense of smell: Hedonics, sensory integration, and more? Visualisation of nrP1 expression in the brain was performed using the allen brain atlas with six human donors as assessed by microarray and presented as a heat map (25) .
- keywords: acute; analysis; brain; bulb; cells; central; cns; complications; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; entry; epithelium; expression; fig; findings; gyri; human; infection; involvement; manifestations; mediator; nervous; neurologic; neuropilin-1; nrp1; olfactory; patients; potential; present; protein; receptor; regions; respiratory; role; sars; severe; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; viral
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- cord-257399-p6of5fno
- author: Gentry, Chris A
- title: Long-term hydroxychloroquine use in patients with rheumatic conditions and development of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort study
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 4538
- flesch: 35
- summary: In this study, the proportion of patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ between people with rheumatological conditions who received hydroxychloroquine and those who did not, suggesting that chronic hydroxychloroquine might not have a role in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to examine whether patients with rheumatological conditions receiving chronic hydroxychloroquine therapy are at less risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection than those not receiving hydroxychloroquine.
- keywords: active; adherence; admission; analysis; arthritis; associated; baseline; care; chronic; clinical; conditions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; database; date; development; difference; drug; effective; endpoint; group; health; hospital; hydroxychloroquine; individuals; infection; june; laboratory; large; logistic; lupus; march; model; mortality; multivariate; overall; patients; pcr; population; primary; propensity; ratio; receipt; regression; rheumatological; sars; studies; study; system; test; time; treatment; trial; univariate; usa; use; variables; veterans; vha; years
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- cord-257958-yehnlabq
- author: Barh, Debmalya
- title: Multi-omics-based identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection biology and candidate drugs against COVID-19
- date: 2020-10-10
- words: 5439
- flesch: 35
- summary: [14] and DrugMatrix (a Comprehensive Toxicogenomic Database) for gene set analysis based candidate drug enrichment. gene set analysis toolkit with revamped UIs and APIs DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration NetworkAnalyst 3.0: a visual analytics platform for comprehensive gene expression profiling and meta-analysis InnateDB: systems biology of innate immunity and beyond--recent updates and continuing curation KEGG: new perspectives on genomes, pathways, diseases and drugs PANTHER version 14: more genomes, a new PANTHER GO-slim and improvements in enrichment analysis tools The AI-Discovered Aetiology of COVID-19 and Rationale of the Irinotecan+Etoposide Combination Therapy for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Vulnerabilities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to proteotoxicityopportunity for repurposed chemotherapy of COVID-19 infection, bioRxiv SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): a Case Report and Review of ABL Kinase Involvement in Viral Infection Morphological Cell Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Identifies Drug Repurposing Candidates for COVID-19, bioRxiv Silico Discovery of Candidate Drugs against Covid-19, Viruses Prediction of repurposed drugs for treating lung injury in COVID-19 Artificial intelligence approach fighting COVID-19 with repurposing drugs COVID-19: Drug Targets and Potential Treatments The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2, bioRxiv Broad anti-coronaviral activity of FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and SARS-CoV in vivo, bioRxiv Understanding SARS CoV 2 endocytosis for COVID 19 drug repurposing Indomethacin has a potent antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro and canine coronavirus in vivo, bioRxiv Indomethacin and resveratrol as potential treatment adjuncts for SARS CoV 2/COVID 19 Identification of novel compounds against three targets of SARS CoV-2 coronavirus by combined virtual screening and supervised machine learning Repurposing drugs for COVID-19 based on transcriptional response of host cells to SARS-CoV-2, arXiv Andrographolide as a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an in silico approach Apremilast as a potential treatment option for COVID 19: No symptoms of infection in a psoriatic patient Combination of thrombolytic and immunosuppressive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019:
- keywords: activity; acute; agents; analysis; anti; antiviral; approach; biological; biology; biorxiv; candidate; cell; clinical; combination; combined; common; copper; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; database; deaths; disease; drugs; effective; enrichment; estrogen; gene; good; hepatitis; host; human; immune; important; infected; infection; inhibitor; interactome; lung; management; mrna; network; nitric; novel; omics; oxide; pathways; patients; potential; process; prophylaxis; protein; proteolysis; repurposing; response; sars; set; sets; signaling; silico; specific; splicing; study; table; therapy; transcriptome; treatment; trials; ubiquitin; viral; virus
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- cord-258268-7ypq0t3d
- author: Zanin, Luca
- title: SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain and spine demyelinating lesions
- date: 2020-05-04
- words: 1484
- flesch: 43
- summary: Viruses Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection Neurological complications during treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome Infectious immunity in the central nervous system and brain function Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression A first case of meningitis/ encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2 SARS-CoV-2: Three-steps infection model and CSF diagnostic implication Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19 Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus RNA in autopsy tissues with in situ hybridization Guillain-Barrè syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infecion: causality or coincidence? Sudden neurological impairment with seizures in COVID-19 patients may be sustained by CNS involvement and demyelinating lesions.
- keywords: anosmia; brain; case; cns; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; csf; days; delayed; demyelinating; dysgeusia; early; fig; immune; impairment; infection; infective; lesions; mri; neurological; normal; patient; respiratory; sars; seizures; severe; symptoms; syndrome; system; treatment; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-258312-3v5t4k8d
- author: Majachani, Nicole
- title: A Case of a Newborn Baby Girl Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Due to Transplacental Viral Transmission
- date: 2020-10-25
- words: 1970
- flesch: 44
- summary: Although similar viruses like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 have not demonstrated the ability to cause fetal infection, SARS-CoV-2 is able to bind ACE2 with much higher affinity [11] , thus increasing the probability of transplacental transmission. Upon admission to the hospital, initial laboratory studies revealed a white blood cell count (WBC) of 10 000 cells/mm 3 (Table 1 ) and a chest X-ray showed bibasilar opacities, supporting her diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 1 ).
- keywords: ace2; acute; baby; birth; case; cells; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; evidence; fetal; girl; infected; infection; maternal; mother; old; patient; positive; pregnancy; respiratory; sars; severe; studies; symptoms; syndrome; transmission; transplacental; vertical; virus; year
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-258595-bk35vxlr
- author: Westhaus, Sandra
- title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw and treated wastewater in Germany – Suitability for COVID-19 surveillance and potential transmission risks
- date: 2020-08-18
- words: 4968
- flesch: 45
- summary: For the content of the dry residues, a defined volume of wastewater sample was dried at 105°C for 24 h (DIN 38409-1 (1987-01)), and the residue was weighed by a Sartorius A 120 S balance. In this study, wastewater samples were analysed with two different PCRs targeting SARS-CoV-2 RdRP and M-gene.
- keywords: acute; ammonium; analysis; april; aqueous; areas; cases; catchment; community; concentration; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cumulative; data; day; detection; different; epidemiology; et al; figure; filter; findings; flow; gene; germany; health; infected; infection; level; load; material; measured; nominal; number; pandemic; patients; phase; potential; presence; prevalence; qpcr; r n; range; raw; residents; results; rna; samples; sampling; sars; solid; specific; standard; state; studies; surveillance; table; test; testing; total; treatment; urea; viral; virus; viruses; wastewater; wwtp
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-258881-74aijckl
- author: Wang, Maomao
- title: Case Report: One Case of Coronavirus Desease 2019(COVID-19) in Patient Co-nfected by HIV With a Low CD4+ T Cell Count
- date: 2020-04-23
- words: 671
- flesch: 56
- summary: The prominent complaint was dyspnea, The study of Qin showed, The total number of B cells, T cells, and NK cells significantly decreased in patients with COVID-19, and more evident in the severe cases compared to the non-severe group. The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic:an analysis of all 1755 patients Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled.
- keywords: case; count; course; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; hiv; hospital; immune; patient; report; sars; severe
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-258914-g6pv8zz9
- author: Proud, Pamela C.
- title: Prophylactic intranasal administration of a TLR2 agonist reduces upper respiratory tract viral shedding in a SARS-CoV-2 challenge ferret model
- date: 2020-09-25
- words: 1195
- flesch: 31
- summary: Scheduled culls were performed for 6/24 ferrets on day 3 p.c. and 18/24 ferrets on Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-462 species analyses of SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory 465 syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People's Republic of China Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia 470 in Saudi Arabia Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel 473 coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding The trinity of 476 COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-479 19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. bioRxiv Ferret models of viral pathogenesis Mapping influenza transmission in the ferret model 532 to transmission in humans Receptor Recognition by 534 the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus Pathology of Experimental SARS Coronavirus 538 Infection in Cats and Ferrets Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals 541 to SARS-coronavirus 2 Are Most Highly Expressed in Nasal Goblet and Ciliated Cells within Human 545 Airways The Role of TLR2 in 547 TLR-Dependent Human Mucosal Epithelial Cell 550 Responses to Microbial Pathogens
- keywords: asymptomatic; biorxiv; challenge; clinical; coronavirus; days; dpc; ferret; group; individuals; infection; influenza; lower; model; nasal; novel; prophylactic; protection; respiratory; rna; sars; throat; tract; transmission; treatment; upper; urt; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-259229-e8m8m4ut
- author: Samidurai, Arun
- title: Cardiovascular Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Potential Therapeutic Strategies
- date: 2020-09-16
- words: 10793
- flesch: 30
- summary: While the ACE2 gene is located on the X-chromosome, gender has an impact among COVID-19 patients, where men are at increased risk of susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and CVD complications due to their hemizygous allele for ACE2 compared to heterozygous allele in female [28] . Several promising therapeutics are under investigation to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients with high risk of cardiovascular impairment, nevertheless to date, none have shown proven clinical efficacy.
- keywords: ace2; acei; activation; acute; adverse; aldosterone; analysis; angiotensin; antiviral; ards; arrhythmias; associated; available; azithromycin; binding; cardiac; cardiovascular; cases; cell; center; characteristics; china; clinical; cohort; combination; common; complications; control; converting; coronary; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 infection; covid-19 patients; ctni; cvd; cytokine; daily; data; days; death; development; diabetes; disease; drug; dysfunction; effective; effects; elevated; entry; enzyme; evidence; expression; failure; figure; genomic; hcq; heart; heart failure; high; higher; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; hypertension; illness; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibitors; initial; injury; italy; left; level; like; lopinavir; major; mechanisms; membrane; mortality; multiple; mutation; myocardial; myocarditis; ncov; new; non; notch; novel; outcomes; pandemic; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; population; positive; potential; protease; protein; pulmonary; rate; receptor; recombinant; remdesivir; renin; respiratory; response; results; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; sars; severe; severity; spike; stage; storm; strain; structural; studies; study; surface; syndrome; system; systemic; testing; therapeutic; therapy; time; treatment; trial; troponin; type; underlying; usa; use; vaccine; ventricular; viral; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-259603-bh198xgl
- author: Snijder, E.J.
- title: The Nonstructural Proteins Directing Coronavirus RNA Synthesis and Processing
- date: 2016-09-14
- words: 24307
- flesch: 38
- summary: Whereas the poor replication fidelity generally restricts RNA virus genome sizes, it has been postulated that nidovirus genome expansion was enabled by the acquisition of specific replicative functions that counter the error rate of the RNA polymerase (Deng et al., 2014; Eckerle et al., 2010; Snijder et al., 2003) (discussed in more detail later). A recent structural study of the arterivirus nsp10-helicase (Deng et al., 2014) will be discussed in more detail later.
- keywords: acid; active; activities; activity; acute; addition; adomet; amino; analysis; antiviral; arterivirus; assays; base; basis; bhardwaj; binding; biochemical; bioinformatics; bouvet et; brunn et; capping; catalytic; cells; cellular; characterization; characterized; chen et; cleavage; coli; common; complex; complexes; conservation; conserved; core; coronavirus; coronavirus rna; cov; cov nsp12; cov rdrp; cov replication; cov rna; covs; critical; crystal; data; decroly et; deng; dependent; detail; determined; different; dna; domain; downstream; drug; earlier; eckerle et; endoribonuclease; endou; enzymes; et al; evidence; example; exon; expression; family; features; fidelity; fig; fold; form; formation; functions; genetics; genome; gorbalenya et; group; gtp; hcov-229e; hel1; helicase; helix; hepatitis; high; homologs; host; human; ibv; identification; iii; important; infected; infection; inhibitors; initiation; interactions; involvement; ivanov et; key; lack; large; later; lauber et; lehmann et; length; like; likely; long; ma et; mechanism; membrane; menachery et; mers; metal; methylation; methyltransferase; mhv; minus; model; molecular; motif; mouse; mrna; mtase; mtase activity; multiple; mutagenesis; mutants; mutations; nedialkova et; neuman et; new; nga et; nidovirales; nidovirus; niran; nonstructural; nsp10; nsp7; nsp8; nsp9; nsps; nucleic; nucleotide; number; order; orf1b; polymerase; polyprotein; position; potential; pp1ab; presence; primary; primer; processing; products; properties; protein; purified; putative; rdrp; reaction; recognition; recombinant; region; related; renzi et; replicase; replication; residues; respiratory; reverse; ricagno et; rna; rna polymerase; rna synthesis; rna virus; rnas; role; rtc; rtpase; sars; sars coronavirus; sawicki et; second; sequence; severe; seybert et; similar; single; site; size; small; smith et; snijder et; specific; step; strand; structure; studies; study; subgenomic; subissi; substrate; subunits; superfamily; surface; syndrome; synthesis; target; technical; template; terminal; transcription; translation; unique; unwinding; ust et; velthuis et; viral; viral rna; viruses; von; xu et; yeast; zbd; zhai et; ziebuhr; zinc
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-260048-yis26g81
- author: McNamara, Ryan P.
- title: High-density amplicon sequencing identifies community spread and ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the Southern United States
- date: 2020-10-20
- words: 2282
- flesch: 23
- summary: Residues at the receptor-binding site have evolved for 84 better association with ACE2 compared to SARS-CoV (Wan, Yushun et al., 2020; Wrapp et al., 2020) 85 and can be attributed to these molecular features: five of the residues critical for binding to ACE2 are 86 different in SARS-CoV-2 as compared to SARS-CoV (Wan, Yushun et al., 2020; Wrapp et al., 2020) 87 and a functional polybasic cleavage site (RRAR) is present at the S1/S2 boundary of the SARS-CoV- Initial analyses of human SARS-CoV-2 genomes established three major variant types worldwide 98 (Forster et al., 2020) . Influenza Other Respir Viruses Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data -from vision to 743 reality Whole genome and phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-746 additional clues on multiple introductions 747 and further circulation in Europe Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the 749 neighbor-joining method Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children -United States Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic 754 genomics platform Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-757 2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations An outbreak of severe Kawasaki CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Receptor Recognition by the Novel 769 Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus Receptor Recognition by the Novel 772 Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus A phylogenetically conserved hairpin-type 3' 775 untranslated region pseudoknot functions in coronavirus RNA replication Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-778 2019 Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Factors 786 associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19 Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral 790 shedding Genetic cluster analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the 792 identification of those responsible for the major outbreaks in various countries Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-799 COV-2 in Italy Viral and 801 host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 Clinical 804 course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a 805 retrospective cohort study A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients Genetic interactions between an 815 essential 3' cis-acting RNA pseudoknot, replicase gene products, and the extreme 3' end of the mouse 816 coronavirus genome
- keywords: analysis; cases; china; clinical; coronavirus; coverage; covid-19; d614; data; density; detection; disease; evolution; figure; genome; genomic; higher; mutation; novel; partial; patients; pcr; phylogenetic; pneumonia; reads; receptor; region; respiratory; rna; samples; sars; sequences; sequencing; snv; spike; spread; structural; study; testing; time; total; transmission; u.s; variant; viral; wuhan
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- cord-260508-z11exbyu
- author: Wang, Hongru
- title: Synonymous mutations and the molecular evolution of SARS-Cov-2 origins
- date: 2020-10-12
- words: 4705
- flesch: 45
- summary: The 7 ML tree using sequence from the ACE2 contact residue region supports the clustering of SARS-8 CoV-2 and GD410721, but with unusual long external branches for all strains except SARS-9 CoV-2, possibly reflecting smaller recombination regions within the ACE2 contact residue region. However, 15 these analyses alone do not distinguish between recombination into RaTG13 from an unknown 16 source as previously hypothesized (Boni, et al. 2020 ) and recombination between SARS-CoV-2 17 and GD410721 as proposed as one possible explanation by Lam et al. .
- keywords: acid; amino; analyses; bias; boni; clock; cov-2; divergence; estimates; et al; fig; gd410721; genome; high; human; likely; lineage; methods; molecular; mutations; pangolin; protein; rate; ratg13; ratio; recombination; region; related; rmyn02; sars; selection; sequences; similarity; strains; synonymous; table; viral; viruses; windows; yn00
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- cord-260729-b12v3c8c
- author: de Lang, Anna
- title: Functional Genomics Highlights Differential Induction of Antiviral Pathways in the Lungs of SARS-CoV–Infected Macaques
- date: 2007-08-10
- words: 6813
- flesch: 46
- summary: A prospective study The severe acute respiratory syndrome Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome An interferongamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Analysis of serum cytokines in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome Characterization of cytokine/chemokine profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome A probable role for IFN-gamma in the development of a lung immunopathology in SARS Comparative host gene transcription by microarray analysis early after infection of the Huh7 cell line by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E Cytokine responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected macrophages in vitro: Possible relevance to pathogenesis Chemokine upregulation in SARS-coronavirus-infected, monocyte-derived human dendritic cells A human in vitro model system for investigating genome-wide host responses to SARS coronavirus infection Inhibition of cytokine gene expression and induction of chemokine genes in non-lymphatic cells infected with SARS coronavirus Modeling the early events of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in vitro Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus fails to activate cytokinemediated innate immune responses in cultured human monocyte-derived dendritic cells Inhibition of beta interferon induction by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus suggests a two-step model for activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 Interaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus with dendritic cells Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of mice transgenic for the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 virus receptor Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus open reading frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and nucleocapsid proteins function as interferon antagonists Treatment of SARS with human interferons Potent inhibition of SARS-associated coronavirus (SCOV) infection and replication by type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) but not by type II interferon (IFN-gamma) Ribavirin and interferon-beta synergistically inhibit SARS-associated coronavirus replication in animal and human cell lines Interferon-beta and interferon-gamma synergistically inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Integrated molecular signature of disease: Analysis of influenza virus-infected macaques through functional genomics and proteomics Hybrid hierarchical clustering with applications to microarray data Analyzing microarray data using cluster analysis Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry The acute respiratory distress syndrome Early enhanced expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 (CXCL-10) and other chemokines predicts adverse outcome in severe acute respiratory syndrome The nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus inhibits the activity of cyclincyclin-dependent kinase complex and blocks S phase progression in mammalian cells Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): Approximately 20%-30% of SARS patients require management in intensive care units, and the overall fatality rate has approached 10%.
- keywords: able; activation; acute; acute respiratory; analysis; animals; antiviral; cells; change; chemokines; clinical; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cxcl10; cynomolgus; cytokines; data; day; dendritic; early; experiments; expression; figure; fold; functional; genes; host; human; ifn; ifns; il-8; immune; immunohistochemistry; induced; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; innate; interferon; levels; low; lung; macaques; microarray; mock; mouse; mrna; order; pathways; patients; pcr; pdcs; phase; phosphorylated; pieces; presence; production; protein; regulated; replication; respiratory; response; samples; sars; severe; signaling; stat1; strong; studies; study; syndrome; transcription; translocation; treatment; type; viral; virus; vitro
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-261075-wqtxhiy8
- author: Zhang, Meng
- title: The nervous system——a new territory being explored of SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-10-28
- words: 3726
- flesch: 28
- summary: People are generally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 (18) . The existing researches mainly focus on SARS-CoV. In 2004, the virus RNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of a SARS patient, which led to the scientists' suspicion that SARS-CoV was neuroinvasive (29) .
- keywords: ace2; acute; angiotensin; barrier; blood; brain; case; cells; central; cerebrospinal; china; clinical; cns; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; damage; different; disease; disorders; elevated; encephalitis; encephalopathy; evidence; features; fluid; headache; human; hypoxia; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; leukoencephalopathy; long; manifestations; meningitis; nervous; nervous system; neuroinvasion; neurological; neurologists; novel; pathogenesis; patients; pneumonia; potential; respiratory; response; sars; severe; skeletal; storm; stroke; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; term; viral; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-261566-fn08b0y2
- author: Mudgal, Rajat
- title: Prospects for mucosal vaccine: shutting the door on SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-09-15
- words: 7065
- flesch: 27
- summary: The genes encoding structural proteins, including spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are present at 3ˊ end of genomic RNA. 7, 8 The S protein of coronaviruses is one of the most important targets for the development of SARS vaccines and therapeutics because it is involved in receptor recognition, as well as virus attachment and entry. key: cord-261566-fn08b0y2 authors: Mudgal, Rajat; Nehul, Sanketkumar; Tomar, Shailly title: Prospects for mucosal vaccine: shutting the door on SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-15 journal: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1805992 sha: doc_id: 261566 cord_uid: fn08b0y2 The sudden emergence of a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 from China and its rapid global spread has posed an international health emergency.
- keywords: ace2; acute; ade; adjuvants; administration; animal; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antigenic; attenuated; binding; candidate; cases; cells; cellular; challenge; clinical; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; delivery; design; development; different; disease; dna; dose; effective; effector; efficacy; entry; evaluation; future; global; high; host; human; humoral; iga; igg; immune; immune response; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; immunotolerance; inactivated; induction; inductive; infection; influenza; intranasal; licensed; like; live; local; long; lymphoid; mers; mice; model; mucosal; mucosal immune; mucosal vaccine; neutralizing; novel; oral; outbreak; pandemic; pathogens; patients; platforms; pneumonia; polio; potential; production; protein; rapid; receptor; recombinant; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; sars; sars coronavirus; serum; severe; similar; sites; specific; spike; strong; structural; studies; subunit; surface; symptoms; syndrome; systemic; tissue; tract; use; vaccination; vaccine; viral; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-261718-zqoggwnk
- author: Pietschmann, Jan
- title: Brief Communication: Magnetic Immuno-Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific Antibodies
- date: 2020-06-03
- words: 1189
- flesch: 33
- summary: Specific antibodies were retained within the IFC and labelled with an isotype specific biotinylated antibody. Here, a new point-of-care approach for SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody detection in human serum based on magnetic immuno-detection is described and compared to standard ELISA.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; assay; available; care; cov-2; detection; elisa; fig; frequency; human; immuno; magnetic; mind; mixing; pbs; peptide; point; protein; rapid; sars; serum; specific; spike
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-262045-r2iqpmmc
- author: Smits, Saskia L.
- title: Reliable typing of MERS-CoV variants with a small genome fragment
- date: 2014-12-15
- words: 2154
- flesch: 44
- summary: The continued occurrence of transmission between humans in health care and family settings is an ongoing concern as stated by the World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus infections/MERS CoV Update 27 March 2014.pdf?ua=1), although the outbreaks appear to be self-limiting or extinguishable with rigorous implementation of appropriate infection control guidelines at present. State of knowledge and data gaps of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia MERS coronaviruses in dromedary camels Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia Human infection with MERS coronavirus after exposure to infected camels Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels Isolation of MERS coronavirus from a dromedary camel Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Assays for laboratory confirmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in two returning travellers in the Netherlands This work was funded by ZonMW TOP project 91213058Z.
- keywords: analysis; arabia; assay; camels; coronavirus; cov; data; dromedary; east; emc; fig; fragment; genome; human; infection; information; length; mers; middle; nucleotide; pcr; phylogenetic; real; regions; reliable; respiratory; samples; saudi; syndrome; time; transmission; typing; variant; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-262119-s6hc7fxs
- author: Ostaszewski, Marek
- title: COVID-19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of SARS-CoV-2 virus-host interaction mechanisms
- date: 2020-10-27
- words: 12366
- flesch: 31
- summary: COVID-19 pathways featured in the previous section cover mechanisms reported so far. By aligning our efforts, we strive to provide COVID-19 specific pathway models, synchronize content with similar resources and encourage discussion and feedback at every stage of the curation process.
- keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; affected; akt; analysis; angiotensin; annotations; antiviral; apoptosis; approach; associated; autophagy; available; biochemical; biocuration; biocurators; biological; biology; blood; building; cases; cell; cellular; characteristics; children; clinical; community; complex; components; computational; content; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 disease; cytokine; damage; data; databases; death; degradation; dendritic; dependent; detailed; development; diagrams; different; dioxygenase; disease; disease map; domain; downstream; drug; effects; efforts; elements; entry; epithelial; evolving; experts; exploration; expression; factors; features; figure; findings; formats; framework; function; gene; graphical; graphs; group; guidelines; help; heme; high; hipathia; hmox1; host; human; ifn; immune; implications; indoleamine; induction; infected; infection; inflammasome; inflammation; inflammatory; information; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interactions; interferon; interpretation; intrinsic; kinase; knowledge; large; layout; level; like; literature; lung; manner; map; map diagrams; maps; material; mechanisms; mechanistic; membrane; metabolism; mining; modelling; models; molecular; multiple; networks; new; nlrp3; novel; omics; open; outcomes; pandemic; pathophysiology; pathway; patients; platform; potential; processes; production; protease; protein; range; reactome; receptor; regulation; regulatory; related; relevant; renin; replication; repositories; repository; representation; research; resources; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; rna; role; sars; sbgnml; sbml; scale; section; severe; severe covid-19; severity; signalling; specific; spike; standardised; stress; study; supplementary; support; susceptibility; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; systems; targeting; targets; text; therapeutic; tools; transcription; translation; tryptophan; turn; type; use; viral; visualisation; workflows
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-262266-m0fjt483
- author: Peddu, Vikas
- title: Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization
- date: 2020-05-07
- words: 1859
- flesch: 43
- summary: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a singlecentered, retrospective, observational study Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Metagenomic analysis identified co-infection with human rhinovirus C and bocavirus 1 in an adult suffering from severe pneumonia Comparison of Real-Time PCR Assays with Fluorescent-Antibody Assays for Diagnosis of Respiratory Virus Infections in Children Rapid Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing during an Investigation of Hospital-Acquired Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 Infections Pavian: interactive analysis of metagenomics data for microbiome studies and pathogen identification Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 Faster and More Accurate Sequence Alignment with SNAP The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools metaSPAdes: a new versatile metagenomic assembler Geneious | Bioinformatics Software for Sequence Data Analysis A Metagenomic Analysis of Pandemic Influenza A (2009 H1N1) Infection in Patients from North America Moraxella catarrhalis: from Emerging to Established Pathogen Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus in Patient with Pneumonia, China. key: cord-262266-m0fjt483 authors: Peddu, Vikas; Shean, Ryan C; Xie, Hong; Shrestha, Lasata; Perchetti, Garrett A; Minot, Samuel S; Roychoudhury, Pavitra; Huang, Meei-Li; Nalla, Arun; Reddy, Shriya B; Phung, Quynh; Reinhardt, Adam; Jerome, Keith R; Greninger, Alexander L title: Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization date: 2020-05-07 journal: Clin Chem DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa106 sha: doc_id: 262266 cord_uid: m0fjt483 BACKGROUND: More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States.
- keywords: able; analysis; cases; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; database; genome; human; infection; metagenomic; mngs; negative; novel; pcr; pneumonia; positive; qrt; reads; reference; respiratory; results; rhinovirus; rpm; samples; sars; sequence; sequencing; states; testing; united; viral; washington
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- cord-262276-5nue46dm
- author: Roussel, Yanis
- title: SARS-CoV-2: fear versus data
- date: 2020-03-19
- words: 1862
- flesch: 49
- summary: From SARS coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [published online ahead of print Prospective case-control analysis of the aetiologies of acute undifferentiated fever in Vietnam Severe respiratory illness outbreak associated with human coronavirus NL63 in a long-term care facility Intensive care admission for coronavirus OC43 respiratory tract infections Human coronavirus-HKU1 infection among adults in Cleveland Human coronavirus and severe acute respiratory infection in Southern Brazil Coronavirus HKU1 and other coronavirus infections in Hong Kong Human coronaviruses associated with upper respiratory tract infections in three rural areas of Ghana Epidemiology characteristics of human coronaviruses in patients with respiratory infection symptoms and phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-OC43 during 2010-2015 in Guangzhou Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human coronaviruses OC43, 229E, NL63, and HKU1: a study of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China Molecular characterization of human coronaviruses and their circulation dynamics in Kenya Human coronavirus NL63 molecular epidemiology and evolutionary patterns in rural coastal Kenya Human coronavirus circulation in the United States The severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and nosocomial transmission World Health Organization. It is concluded that the problem of SARS-CoV-2 is probably being overestimated, as 2.6 million people die of respiratory infections each year compared with less than 4000 deaths for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of writing.
- keywords: acute; africa; care; cases; china; circulation; common; coronavirus; cov-2; deaths; france; hku1; hospitals; human; infections; laboratory; mortality; méditerranée; nl63; novel; oc43; patients; people; positive; rate; respiratory; samples; sars; south; study
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- cord-262328-q7mt0xve
- author: Wajnberg, Ania
- title: Humoral response and PCR positivity in patients with COVID-19 in the New York City region, USA: an observational study
- date: 2020-09-25
- words: 4421
- flesch: 46
- summary: An understanding of the duration of potential infectiousness and the time to IgG antibody response is crucial to the containment of SARS-CoV-2 and the plans for widespread antibody testing over the coming months. 19 To study the duration of IgG antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, we plan to follow our cohort for the next 6 months to track titre levels.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; clearance; confirmed; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; disease; duration; elisa; findings; igg; immunity; individuals; infection; iqr; median; mount; nasopharyngeal; negative; new; onset; participants; patients; pcr; plasma; positive; positivity; resolution; response; sars; self; serum; sinai; study; survey; symptom; testing; time; titres; usa; use; viral; virus; weakly; weeks; york
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- cord-262786-otxpc46a
- author: Mohammadi, Soheil
- title: Understanding the Immunologic Characteristics of Neurologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Immunological Mechanisms
- date: 2020-09-01
- words: 6308
- flesch: 34
- summary: Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection Brain MRI findings in patients in the intensive care unit with COVID-19 infection Brain MRI findings in severe COVID-19: a retrospective observational study Report of EEG finding on critically ill patients with COVID-19 Intact brain network function in an unresponsive patient with COVID-19 Neurochemical evidence of astrocytic and neuronal injury commonly The hypothalamus as a hub for SARS-CoV-2 brain infection and pathogenesis Cerebrovascular and neurological dysfunction under the threat of COVID-19: is there a comorbid role for smoking and vaping? Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease Cranial neuropathies and COVID-19: neurotropism and autoimmunity Large artery ischaemic stroke in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Is the collapse of the respiratory center in the brain responsible for respiratory breakdown in COVID-19 patients? Nervous system involvement after infection with COVID-19 and other coronaviruses The cognitive consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic: collateral damage? Several pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed for the neurological deficit in SARS-CoV-2: indirect CNS involvement through systemic inflammation, direct invasion of the virus into the CNS, multi-organ failure, hypoxia, sepsis, etc.
- keywords: aberrant; activation; acute; alzheimer; anosmia; antibodies; apoe; autoimmune; autoimmunity; blood; brain; brainstem; bulb; case; cells; central; cns; complications; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; csf; cytokine; development; direct; disease; dysfunction; entry; epithelium; evidence; findings; gbs; human; ifn; il-1β; il-6; immune; increase; induces; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; invasion; involvement; levels; like; macrophages; manifestations; matter; mers; mice; microglia; mri; multiple; nervous; neural; neurodegeneration; neurologic; olfactory; parkinson; patients; postmortem; process; protein; recent; receptors; release; respiratory; response; review; risk; role; sars; sclerosis; seizure; severe; storm; stroke; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; table; tnf; vascular; viral; virus; white
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- cord-262958-tmp6yxlv
- author: Pinto, Dora
- title: Structural and functional analysis of a potent sarbecovirus neutralizing antibody
- date: 2020-04-09
- words: 2248
- flesch: 42
- summary: Subsequently, two rounds 443 of 3D classification with 50 iterations each (angular sampling 7.5˚ for 25 iterations and 444 1.8˚ with local search for 25 iterations), using our previously reported closed SARS-445 CoV-2 S structure 6 as initial model, were carried out using Relion 51 without imposing 446 symmetry to separate distinct SARS-CoV-2 S conformations. bioRxiv Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel 605 coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Structure of SARS coronavirus spike 608 receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Occupancy and mechanism in antibody-611 mediated neutralization of animal viruses IgG Fc engineering to modulate antibody 614 effector functions Alveolar macrophages are critical for broadly-reactive antibody-617 mediated protection against influenza A virus in mice Differential Fc-Receptor Engagement Drives an 620 A neutralizing antibody selected from plasma cells that binds to 623 group 1 and group 2 influenza
- keywords: ace2; analysis; antibodies; antibody; binding; cells; cocktails; coronavirus; cov-2; cryo; data; domain; electron; expicho; exposure; extended; fab; fig; glycoprotein; host; igg; mabs; macromolecular; microscopy; neutralization; pandemic; particle; receptor; refinement; s309; sarbecovirus; sars; sites; spike; structure; subgenus; target
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- cord-263481-w5ytp1q7
- author: Lokman, Syed Mohammad
- title: Exploring the genomic and proteomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: A computational biology approach
- date: 2020-06-02
- words: 3021
- flesch: 42
- summary: The spatial distribution of S protein sequences having different variation over time reveals that most of the variants (17 out of 240 S glycoprotein sequences) were reported from the US J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Journal Pre-proof followed by 3 out of 2 sequences (including Y145 deletion) and 2 out of 50 sequences from India and China, respectively (Fig. 5) . Based on the phylogenetic studies, the SARS-CoV-2 is categorized as a member of the genus Betacoronavirus, the same lineage that includes SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
- keywords: acid; amino; analysis; available; bat; binding; cell; china; cleavage; coronavirus; cov-2; deletion; different; domain; entry; evolutionary; fig; functional; fusion; genome; genomic; glycoprotein; host; hr1; human; interaction; mutations; ncov; novel; pathogenesis; peptide; phylogenetic; protein; rbd; receptor; region; role; sars; sequences; spike; structure; studies; study; supplementary; unique; variants; variations; viral
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- cord-263532-q044i7ym
- author: Goyal, Bhupesh
- title: Targeting the Dimerization of the Main Protease of Coronaviruses: A Potential Broad-Spectrum Therapeutic Strategy
- date: 2020-05-13
- words: 6025
- flesch: 45
- summary: SARS CoV M pro SARS CoV M pro exists as a homodimer in its active form. In another study, Graziano et al. employed chemical crosslinking, enzyme kinetics and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques to investigate the oligomeric state of SARS CoV M pro .
- keywords: active; activity; acute; antiviral; binding; catalytic; catalytic activity; complete; conserved; coronavirus; cov; cov m; cov-2; covid-19; covs; crystal; design; dimer; dimer interface; dimeric; dimerization; domain; drug; enzymatic; enzymatic activity; enzyme; et al; form; inhibitors; interactions; interface; key; like; loss; m pro; main; mechanism; monomer; monomeric; mutant; mutation; peptide; pocket; pro; protease; protease dimer; residues; respiratory; review; role; s139a; sars; sars coronavirus; sars cov; severe; simulations; site; structure; studies; study; substrate; syndrome; terminal; therapeutic
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- cord-263945-yli5suxb
- author: Iancu, Gabriela Mariana
- title: Viral exanthema as manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report
- date: 2020-08-28
- words: 2220
- flesch: 41
- summary: A meta-analysis of 19 studies published by Sachdeva et al, showed that cutaneous manifestations can precede respiratory ones by 3 days (12.50% of cases) or can appear after 13 days (69.40%) from the onset of respiratory manifestations in SARS-CoV-2. [2] All these are nonspecific and can be encountered in other viral respiratory infections but the development of pneumonia (dyspnea and bilateral infiltrates on lung imaging) several days after the onset of symptoms is highly suggestive in the present context.
- keywords: anosmia; appearance; blood; case; china; clinical; cov-2; covid-19; cutaneous; days; dermatological; diarrhea; disease; dyspnea; erythematous; exanthema; infection; lesions; like; manifestations; onset; patients; present; rash; report; respiratory; sars; study; symptoms; syndrome; tests; treatment; viral; virus; weeks
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- cord-264031-0y7xbgun
- author: Wierbowski, Shayne D.
- title: A 3D Structural Interactome to Explore the Impact of Evolutionary Divergence, Population Variation, and Small-molecule Drugs on SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interactions
- date: 2020-10-13
- words: 5081
- flesch: 22
- summary: Our finding that disease mutations and viral proteins 197 affect human proteins at distinct sites is consistent with a two-hit hypothesis of comorbidities whereby 198 proteins whose function is already affected by genetic background may be further compromised by viral 199 infection. Disruption of native protein-protein interactions is one mechanism of disease 189 pathology, and disease mutations are known to be enriched along protein interfaces 70, 71 .
- keywords: ace2; affinity; analysis; axis; cell; clinical; comparison; complex; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; coverage; covid-19; disease; divergence; docking; drug; eclair; energy; enrichment; evolution; factor; fig; frequency; functional; genetic; genome; gwas; host; hotspots; human; impact; individual; infection; inhibitors; initial; interaction; interactome; interface; key; likely; mapping; modeling; models; mutations; new; non; novel; pathology; patients; plane; population; predictions; protein; pyrosetta; recent; receptor; relative; residues; response; results; sars; score; search; sequence; server; small; spike; structural; summary; supplemental; table; template; variants; variation; viral; web; wide; δδg
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- cord-264267-weat0qs6
- author: Kleine-Weber, Hannah
- title: Polymorphisms in dipeptidyl peptidase 4 reduce host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- date: 2020-01-21
- words: 7245
- flesch: 41
- summary: As DPP4 needs to be transported to the plasma membrane to be engaged by MERS-CoV S for host cell entry, we next investigated whether the presence of the polymorphic DPP4 residues has an impact on DPP4 cell surface localization. We identified four mutations that reduced MERS-CoV S binding to DPP4 and MERS-CoV S-driven host cell entry without affecting DPP4 expression at the cell surface.
- keywords: 348; a291p; acid; additional; amino; analysis; antibody; bhk-21; binding; bsa; camels; cells; cellular; contact; control; coronavirus; cov; cov s; culture; cytometry; data; database; diabetes; differences; different; dipeptidyl; domain; dpp4; dpp4 expression; dromedary; east; efficiency; entry; expression; expression vector; figure; flow; host; human; impact; incubation; infection; information; interaction; k267e; levels; medium; mers; mfi; middle; mouse; mutant; negative; order; pbs; pcr; peptidase; polymorphic; polymorphisms; protein; quantification; receptor; relative; replication; residues; respective; respiratory; samples; scientific; sds; signals; software; solmers; soluble; spike; structure; supernatant; supplementary; surface; syndrome; total; type; vector; viral; vsv; δ346
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- cord-264814-v4wnmg03
- author: Flanagan, Katie L.
- title: Progress and Pitfalls in the Quest for Effective SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccines
- date: 2020-10-02
- words: 15157
- flesch: 34
- summary: Med Hypotheses Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcgammaRII-dependent entry into B cells in vitro Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization Monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus Monoclonal antibodies to the spike protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus mediate antibody-dependent enhancement of infection of feline macrophages Evaluation of modified vaccinia virus ankara based recombinant SARS vaccine in ferrets Molecular mechanism for antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus entry Distinct systems serology features in children, elderly and COVID patients. The standardization of a range of assays to support vaccine studies, such as viral neutralization assays, to enable comparison of different vaccine candidates in different populations will be key to facilitating vaccine development, an issue which represents a current focus of the WHO (43).
- keywords: ace2; acid; activation; acute; ad5; adaptive; adenovirus; adjuvant; adults; adverse; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antigenic; approaches; associated; available; bcg; binding; candidates; cd4; cd8; cell; cellular; cepi; chadox1; challenge; clinical; clinical trials; components; constructs; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; cov2373; covid-19; cross; current; data; delivery; dependent; design; development; disease; dna; domain; dose; early; effective; effects; efficacy; elderly; enhancement; entry; epitopes; example; figure; form; global; glycoprotein; groups; healthcare; healthy; high; host; human; immune; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; immunological; inactivated; individuals; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; innate; key; levels; licensed; likely; local; long; matrix; measles; memory; mers; mice; models; modified; molecular; mortality; mrna; mucosal; multiple; nabs; nanoparticle; natural; ncov-19; need; neutralization; neutralizing; non; novel; nucleic; number; nvx; original; outcomes; pandemic; patients; people; peptide; phase; plasma; potential; pre; preclinical; protection; protein; randomized; range; rbd; recent; receptor; recombinant; region; replicating; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; role; safety; sars; scale; severe; sex; single; specific; spike; state; strategies; studies; study; subunit; syndrome; t cell; table; target; targeted; th2; time; trials; type; use; vaccination; vaccine; vaccine development; vector; viral; virus; viruses; workers; world; worldwide; years
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- cord-264968-ctx39vhi
- author: Woo, Patrick CY
- title: Relative rates of non-pneumonic SARS coronavirus infection and SARS coronavirus pneumonia
- date: 2004-03-13
- words: 3573
- flesch: 41
- summary: key: cord-264968-ctx39vhi authors: Woo, Patrick CY; Lau, Susanna KP; Tsoi, Hoi-wah; Chan, Kwok-hung; Wong, Beatrice HL; Che, Xiao-yan; Tam, Victoria KP; Tam, Sidney CF; Cheng, Vincent CC; Hung, Ivan FN; Wong, Samson SY; Zheng, Bo-jian; Guan, Yi; Yuen, Kwok-yung title: Relative rates of non-pneumonic SARS coronavirus infection and SARS coronavirus pneumonia date: 2004-03-13 journal: Lancet DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15729-2 sha: doc_id: 264968 cord_uid: ctx39vhi BACKGROUND: An ELISA based on recombinant nucleocapsid protein for IgG detection was tested with serum from 149 healthy blood donors who donated 3 years previously and with serum positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV (by indirect immunofluorescence assay) from 106 patients with SARS-CoV pneumonia.
- keywords: -tagged; acute; antibodies; antibody; assays; blood; blot; coronavirus; cov; detection; donors; elisa; healthy; hong; hospital; igg; immunofluorescence; indirect; infections; kong; non; nucleocapsid; nucleocapsid protein; patients; pneumonic; polypeptide; population; positive; protein; purified; recombinant; recombinant nucleocapsid; respiratory; samples; sars; seroprevalence; serum; severe; specific; spike; study; syndrome; test; western; years
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- cord-265128-i0d4lxko
- author: Gurung, Arun Bahadur
- title: Unravelling lead antiviral phytochemicals for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 M(pro) enzyme through in silico approach
- date: 2020-05-22
- words: 2236
- flesch: 46
- summary: The natural products such as traditional medicines and plant-derived compounds (phytochemicals) are the rich sources of promising antiviral drugs [14] . The binding energies and inhibition constants of the phytochemicals with the SARS-CoV-2 M pro enzyme were compared with that of a set of twelve FDA approved antiviral drugs-a) Viral SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019:
- keywords: active; activities; activity; antiviral; binding; cleavage; compounds; coronavirus; cov; cov m(pro; design; docking; drug; enzyme; human; hydrogen; inhibition; inhibitors; interactions; lead; like; m(pro; main; mers; molecular; molecules; new; number; phytochemicals; plant; proteases; protein; replication; respiratory; rna; sars; selected; sequence; shows; structure; studies; study; syndrome; table; target; vivo
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- cord-265322-3854ddb9
- author: Vavougios, George D.
- title: A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi
- date: 2020-04-23
- words: 1254
- flesch: 24
- summary: key: cord-265322-3854ddb9 authors: Vavougios, George D. title: A data-driven hypothesis on the epigenetic dysregulation of host metabolism by SARS coronaviral infection: potential implications for the SARS-CoV-2 modus operandi date: 2020-04-23 journal: Med Hypotheses DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109759 sha: doc_id: 265322 cord_uid: 3854ddb9 COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus structurally similar to SARS-CoV. Based on both structural and syndromic similarities with SARS-CoV, a hypothesis is formed on SARS-CoV-2 potential to affect the host’s metabolism as part of its lifecycle. Would a rose by another name smell as sweet? Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection STRING v11: protein-protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets Plasma glucose levels and diabetes are independent predictors for mortality and morbidity in patients with SARS Binding of SARS coronavirus to its receptor damages islets and causes acute diabetes Activation of the ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis enhances the reparative function of dysfunctional diabetic endothelial progenitors Host Lipids in Positive-Strand RNA Virus Genome Replication Dengue virus-induced autophagy regulates lipid metabolism Modulation of Lipid Droplet Metabolism-A Potential Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Infections Altered Lipid Metabolism in Recovered SARS Patients Twelve Years after Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Natural small molecules as inhibitors of coronavirus lipid-dependent attachment to host cells: a possible strategy for reducing SARS-COV-2 infectivity?
- keywords: ace2; analyses; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dependent; diabetes; enrichment; host; human; hypothesis; infection; interaction; lipid; metabolism; novel; patients; potential; protein; sars; severe; similarities; studies; study; viruses
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- cord-265329-bsypo08l
- author: van Dorp, Lucy
- title: Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-05-05
- words: 4923
- flesch: 40
- summary: However, this lineage shares 96% identity with SARS-CoV-2, which is not sufficiently high to implicate it as the immediate ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 (2) . Betacoronaviridae comprise a large number of lineages that are found in a wide range of mammals and birds (2) , including the other human zoonotic pathogens SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-COV.
- keywords: acid; adaptation; alignment; amino; analysis; application; april; assemblies; associated; available; changes; china; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; dataset; date; diversity; drug; epidemic; evolution; extensive; figure; genetic; genome; genomic; gisaid; global; high; homoplasies; homoplasy; host; human; influenza; isolates; large; likelihood; likely; maximum; mers; multiple; mutations; neutral; non; number; ongoing; orf1ab; pandemic; particular; pathogens; phylogenetic; phylogeny; positions; protein; recurrent; regions; sars; selection; sequence; sites; sra; strains; synonymous; table; time; transmission; tree; vaccine; virus; zoonotic
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- cord-265366-vmuqbpkk
- author: Leibowitz, Jill
- title: Comparison of Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Young Febrile Infants with and without SARS-CoV-2 Infection
- date: 2020-10-09
- words: 2633
- flesch: 37
- summary: Febrile young infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection differ from other febrile infants in that they are younger, are more likely to be lethargic or exhibit feeding difficulties, have lower mean WBC, ANC, and ALC and have a higher likelihood of neutropenia and lymphopenia Despite performing SARS-CoV-2 testing on only 57% of the 2020 cohort of febrile infants due to limitations on availability of testing during this time, SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 38% of the entire cohort and 67% of those tested. f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f .14 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f .09 Mean WBC x 5 Defined as presence of any of the following: abnormal lung exam (crackles, rhonchi or wheeze), hypoxia, parenchymal infiltrate on chest X-ray 6 Defined as an ANC of < 1.0x10/ 9 L 7 Defined as an ALC of < 3.0x10/ 9 L J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic Novel Coronavirus in the United States Hospitalization rates and characteristics of children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratoryconfirmed COVID-19 -COVID-NET, 14 States SARS-CoV-2 Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged <21 Years -United States Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Febrile infant: COVID-19 in addition to the usual suspects SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress Fever without a source in a young infant due to SARS-CoV-2 Novel coronavirus infection in febrile infants aged 60 days and younger A case series of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in 3 febrile infants in New York Early experience of COVID-19 in a US children' hospital Research electronic data capture (REDCap)-A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support Screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in neonates Lanzkowsky's Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 6 th ed The changing epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in young infants A clinical prediction rule to identify febrile infants 60 days and younger at low risk for serious bacterial infections Comparison of clinical features of COVID-19 vs seasonal influenza A and B in US children Infant with SARS-CoV-2 infection causing severe lung disease treated with remdesivir A 55 day old female infant infected with COVID 19: presenting with pneumonia, liver injury and heart damage SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Febrile Neonates Disparities in Incidence of COVID-19 Among Underrepresented Racial/Ethnic Groups in Counties Identified as Hotspots During Hospitalization and mortality among black patients and white patients with Covid-19 Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in women admitted for delivery Neonates Hospitalized with Community-Acquired SARS-CoV-2 in a Colorado Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Epidemiology, clinical features, and disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease Children's Hospital in New York City Risk of bacterial coinfections in febrile infants 60 days old and younger with documented viral infections
- keywords: age; april; bacterial; blood; ccmc; children; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; disease; features; febrile; febrile infants; feeding; fever; health; higher; hospital; infants; infected; infection; lethargy; march; medical; naa; pandemic; pathogen; patients; period; positive; proportion; respiratory; sars; study; testing; viral; younger
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- cord-266156-xmf4emln
- author: Miller, Tyler E.
- title: Clinical sensitivity and interpretation of PCR and serological COVID‐19 diagnostics for patients presenting to the hospital
- date: 2020-08-28
- words: 4336
- flesch: 38
- summary: We modeled a linear daily regression trend after first positive PCR test, to estimate the time when PCR sensitivity reaches zero (foot-point analysis). Second, we also modeled how PCR sensitivity decreases over time after the first positive PCR test (Figures S3 and S5 ).
- keywords: acute; aid; analysis; antibodies; antibody; assay; available; clinical; cohort; coronavirus; course; cov-2; covid-19; data; date; days; detection; diagnostic; disease; elisa; figure; grants; hospital; iga; igg; igm; infection; interpretation; isotype; laboratory; modalities; multiple; onset; patients; pcr; performance; positive; post; prior; rbd; reports; respiratory; response; results; sars; sensitivity; seroconversion; serologic; serology; severe; specific; study; subset; symptom; symptom onset; symptomatic; syndrome; table; technical; test; testing; time
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- cord-266348-tbr2ynx0
- author: Stroemer, A.
- title: Diagnostic accuracy of six commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgG/total antibody assays and identification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in convalescent sera
- date: 2020-06-17
- words: 2896
- flesch: 54
- summary: key: cord-266348-tbr2ynx0 authors: Stroemer, A.; Grobe, O.; Rose, R.; Fickenscher, H.; Lorentz, T.; Krumbholz, A. title: Diagnostic accuracy of six commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgG/total antibody assays and identification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in convalescent sera date: 2020-06-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.20131672 sha: doc_id: 266348 cord_uid: tbr2ynx0 The reliable detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) or total antibodies directed against the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for clinical diagnostics and epidemiological studies. However, three sera from 217 two COVID-19 patients, which were only recognized as IgG positive in the Abbott test, could not be 218 The specificities of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/total antibody tests are at a comparatively high level between 96.0 226 and 100.0%, as has also been reported by others [6,8,10].
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; assays; author; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; doi; figure; funder; holder; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.20131672; igg; june; license; medrxiv; pcr; peer; perpetuity; positive; preprint; results; review; samples; sars; sera; tests; total; version
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- cord-266444-rw94yls8
- author: Dominguez Andres, Ana
- title: SARS-CoV-2 ORF9c Is a Membrane-Associated Protein that Suppresses Antiviral Responses in Cells
- date: 2020-08-19
- words: 5655
- flesch: 34
- summary: Thus, to maximize the discovery of ORF9c dysregulated proteins, results from both technologies were combined. Together with the observations on cellular immune pathways, this association with 16 the UBP suggested that ORF9c induces changes in UBP components that alter the stability of cellular proteins implicated in cytokine signaling, antigen presentation, innate immunity, and the cell cycle.
- keywords: a549; absence; abundance; ace2; activity; analysis; antigen; antiviral; cells; cellular; changes; complement; components; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cycle; data; degradation; different; disease; dmso; domain; effective; effects; enrichment; epithelial; evasion; expression; fig; genes; genome; host; human; ifn; il-6; immune; infection; inhibitor; intensity; interactome; interferon; ipa; key; level; lung; mass; membrane; mg132; orf9c; orfs; overlap; pathways; presence; presentation; proteasome; proteins; proteomic; replication; response; results; rna; sars; sequence; set; signaling; similar; small; strep; structural; studies; study; system; table; target; targeting; transcriptional; transcriptomic; transcripts; transmembrane; ubp; upr; upregulated; vcp; viral
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- cord-266511-g5h4tazp
- author: Deslandes, A
- title: SARS-COV-2 was already spreading in France in late December 2019
- date: 2020-05-03
- words: 1371
- flesch: 48
- summary: A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 -11 Situation update worldwide Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in France: surveillance, investigations and control measures Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Early Release -Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus in Patient with Pneumonia Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: The Berlin Definition Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia with Hemoptysis as the Initial Symptom: CT and Clinical Features Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy. After its onset in December 2019 in China, the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) spreads widely in several countries, causing COVID-19 illness.
- keywords: cases; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; december; epidemic; figure; france; ili; infected; infection; january; novel; patients; pcr; performed; pneumonia; respiratory; result; sample; sars; symptoms
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- cord-266885-a5fdeuvv
- author: Dlotko, P.
- title: Covid-19 clinical data analysis using Ball Mapper
- date: 2020-04-15
- words: 2958
- flesch: 59
- summary: As one can observe, Ball number 1 contains a lot of such patients, but also ball number 16 and 25 is clearly visible and majority of patients over there wil require ICU. In this note we provide a result of analysis of blood test data from patients with SARS-Cov-2 using Ball Mapper Algorithm.
- keywords: analysis; april; author; available; ball; care; code; copyright; cov-2; data; figure; following; funder; holder; intensive; international; license; mapper; medrxiv; patients; perpetuity; preprint; sars; values; version
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-266987-ikt8r2o1
- author: Loeffelholz, Michael J.
- title: Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections – the state of the art
- date: 2020-03-30
- words: 4745
- flesch: 40
- summary: The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method The role of super-spreaders in infectious disease COVID-19: epidemiology, evolution, and cross-disciplinary perspectives Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: viruses causing acute respiratory tract infections Simple method for combining sputum and nasal samples for virus detection by reverse transcriptase PCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens Viral shedding patterns of coronavirus in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection dynamics and antibody Responses among clinically Diverse patients, Saudi Arabia Kinetics and pattern of viral excretion in biological specimens of two MERS-CoV cases Persistent shedding of viable SARS-CoV in urine and stool of SARS patients during the convalescent phase Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva Growth and intracellular development of a new respiratory virus Cultivation of a novel type of common-cold virus in organ cultures A highly specific rapid antigen detection assay for on-site diagnosis of MERS Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in SARS patients by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay Differentiation between human coronaviruses NL63 and 229E using a novel double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on specific monoclonal antibodies Immunofluorescence assay for detection of the nucleocapsid antigen of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus in cells derived from throat wash samples of patients with SARS Comparison of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies and RT-PCR for the detection of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 in cell culture Evaluation of a commercial colloidal gold assay for detection of influenza A and B virus in children's respiratory specimens Rapid detection and monitoring of human coronavirus infections Examination of seroprevalence of coronavirus HKU1 infection with S protein-based ELISA and neutralization assay against viral spike pseudotyped virus Seroepidemiology of group I human coronaviruses in children Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia RNA based mNGS approach identifies a novel human coronavirus from two individual pneumonia cases in 2019 Wuhan outbreak A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus in patient with pneumonia Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in children -the State of the Art Molecular diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome: the state of the art Emerging molecular assays for detection and characterization of respiratory viruses Molecular assays for the detection and characterization of respiratory viruses The dynamics of RNA shedding in MERS and SARS patients may reflect the specimen source, severity of illness, as well as underlying risk factors.
- keywords: acid; acute; age; amplification; antigen; assays; care; cases; children; china; clinical; collection; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; deaths; detection; devices; diagnosis; disease; endemic; fast; february; hcovs; hku1; human; infected; infections; influenza; laboratory; limited; lower; march; mers; method; molecular; nasopharyngeal; ncov; novel; nucleic; onset; outbreak; patients; pcr; pneumonia; point; positive; rapid; rate; real; respiratory; rna; sars; sensitivity; severe; shedding; simple; specific; specimens; sputum; study; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; table; testing; tests; time; tract; upper; viral; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-267115-6jqdi417
- author: Giobbe, Giovanni Giuseppe
- title: SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication in human fetal and pediatric gastric organoids
- date: 2020-06-24
- words: 8091
- flesch: 38
- summary: Here we show the novel derivation of fetal gastric organoids from 8-21 post-conception week (PCW) fetuses, and from pediatric biopsies, to be used as an in vitro model for SARS-CoV-2 gastric infection. While R-spondin 1,Wnt-3A and Noggin withdrawal led to more differentiated morphology, CHIR99021 (GSK-3 inhibitor) proved to be essential in the formation of fetal gastric organoids starting from single cells (Fig. 2a) .
- keywords: ace2; affected; analysis; apical; apoptosis; bsa; cells; children; clinical; cold; comparable; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; cut; data; days; degs; developmental; different; disease; early; epithelial; expansion; expression; fetal; fetuses; fig; fisher; gastric; gastric organoids; gastrointestinal; gene; gos; hand; health; high; hours; human; ice; ifn; incubation; infected; infection; instructions; isolated; isolation; kit; late; level; lines; low; manufacturer; markers; matrigel; medium; min; mmol; model; muc5ac; mucin; mucosa; non; novel; organoids; origin; patients; pbs; pca; pcr; pcw; pediatric; polarity; primary; protein; protocol; receptor; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; role; samples; sars; seq; severe; shedding; single; software; solution; stages; stomach; studies; study; supernatant; supplementary; susceptibility; susceptible; suspension; symptoms; syndrome; system; thermo; tissues; tract; transmission; vertical; viral; virus; week; âµl
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- cord-267134-5gz2dotn
- author: Sallenave, Jean-Michel
- title: Innate Immune Signaling and Proteolytic Pathways in the Resolution or Exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19: Key Therapeutic Targets?
- date: 2020-05-28
- words: 5364
- flesch: 23
- summary: A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis in an in vitro model of the human conducting airway epithelium SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets SARS-associated coronavirus transmitted from human to pig Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Tmprss2 is essential for influenza H1N1 virus pathogenesis in mice This manuscript has been released as a pre-print at OSF (100 Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients Human coronavirus: host-pathogen interaction Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis Structural insights into coronavirus entry The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furinlike cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade Type II transmembrane serine proteases Type II transmembrane serine proteases in cancer and viral infections Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium Influenza virus activating host proteases: identification, localization and inhibitors as potential therapeutics Proteasemediated enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsin-like protease SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.
- keywords: able; ace2; activation; acute; addition; airway; alveolar; animals; anti; antiviral; ards; bronchial; calu-3; cells; cellular; clinical; context; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cytokine; dcs; disease; dpp4; entry; epithelial; epithelial cells; example; expression; genetic; hits; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; initial; innate; like; lung; macrophages; mechanisms; mers; mice; mouse; murine; novel; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathways; patients; potential; primary; proteases; protein; receptor; respiratory; responses; sars; serine; severe; signaling; spike; storm; studies; study; syndrome; tlr; tmprss2; toll; transmembrane; type; vaccines; viral; viruses
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- cord-267458-uofy7jyx
- author: Jiang, Xiao-Lin
- title: Transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: a three-family cluster study in China
- date: 2020-04-22
- words: 1627
- flesch: 50
- summary: A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology T Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany A familial cluster of infection associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating potential person-to-person transmission during the incubation period Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 -Singapore Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19 Covert coronavirus infections could be seeding new outbreaks Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies Advice on the use of masks in the community, during home care and in healthcare settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 All close contacts of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were traced, including family members who lived with the patients and individuals who had contact with the patients within 1 meter without wearing proper personal protection.
- keywords: asymptomatic; china; close; cluster; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; daughter; door; environmental; family; infection; january; lin; members; novel; patients; paucisymptomatic; person; positive; potential; sars; study; symptoms; transmission; xiao
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- cord-267770-ik1ib3zb
- author: Koo, Hyun Jung
- title: RadioGraphics Update: Radiographic and CT Features of Viral Pneumonia
- date: 2020-06-05
- words: 2764
- flesch: 39
- summary: In this updated review, we expand on the information presented in our 2018 article (4) and focus on the clinical features and chest CT findings of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia to help radiologists detect the disease at its early stage. During the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic situation in China, the sensitivity of chest CT for identifying SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia cases has been reported to be 97% (95% confidence interval: 95%, 98%) (6).
- keywords: acute; article; cases; chest; clinical; consolidation; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; early; fig; findings; glass; ground; human; images; imaging; infection; management; negative; onset; opacity; patients; pcr; pneumonia; positive; radiograph; radiographics; respiratory; result; sars; severe; stage; symptom; syndrome; test; transmission; use; viral
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- cord-267782-4pjfnund
- author: Lan, Fan-Yun
- title: Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA
- date: 2020-10-30
- words: 5060
- flesch: 42
- summary: This is the first study to demonstrate the significant asymptomatic infection rate, exposure risks and associated psychological distress of grocery retail essential workers during the pandemic, which supports the policy recommendations that employers and government officials should take actions on implementing preventive strategies and administrative arrangements, such as methods to reduce interpersonal contact, repeat and routine SARS-CoV-2 employee testing, to ensure the health and safety of essential workers. key: cord-267782-4pjfnund authors: Lan, Fan-Yun; Suharlim, Christian; Kales, Stefanos N; Yang, Justin title: Association between SARS-CoV-2 infection, exposure risk and mental health among a cohort of essential retail workers in the USA date: 2020-10-30 journal:
- keywords: age; analysis; anxiety; assay; asymptomatic; clinical; community; cov-2; covid-19; customer; data; days; depression; direct; disease; distancing; employees; essential; exposure; grocery; hcws; health; healthcare; history; infection; information; ipw; job; likely; mental; non; pandemic; participants; past; pcr; perception; positions; positive; ppe; practice; prevalence; psychological; public; rate; related; research; result; retail; risk; sars; screening; significant; smoking; social; store; studies; study; supervisory; testing; time; transmission; transportation; use; workers
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- cord-267887-ntwvquqz
- author: Yang, Ren
- title: Development and effectiveness of Pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 system as determined by neutralizing efficiency and entry inhibition test in vitro
- date: 2020-08-21
- words: 1313
- flesch: 38
- summary: [1, 2, 3] , named as SARS-CoV-2 (also called as COVID-19 virus in China) We then compared the results of the analysis conducted using the ppNT and the live virus ( Figure 4B ) and found that the results from the ppNT were strongly correlated with those obtained using live virus (R 2 = 0.6931 and p < 0.005).
- keywords: ace2; antibodies; cells; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; development; entry; human; infection; live; neutralization; neutralizing; novel; patients; ppsars-2; protein; pseudotyped; receptor; samples; sars; serum; spike; system; virus
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- cord-268034-7id7sfsu
- author: Auerswald, Heidi
- title: Assessment of Inactivation Procedures for SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-05-28
- words: 1620
- flesch: 35
- summary: Untreated virus isolates had a concentration of viable virus up to 6.67 x 10 5 187 (isolate 2310) before treatment (Table 1) Previous studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of chemical inactivation 220 techniques on SARS-CoV-2 [11, 12] , the majority of these based on infectious agents of concern 221 such as Ebola Therefore, formaldehyde treatment does not appear to be a 247 solution for increased molecular SARS-CoV-2 testing; however, it does remain a viable alternative 248 for sample inactivation or disinfection.
- keywords: able; avl; buffer; chemical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; extraction; formaldehyde; handling; heat; inactivation; isolates; log10; lysis; methods; molecular; pcr; previous; rna; sample; sars; studies; testing; time; treatment; viral; virus
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- cord-268206-ino9srb6
- author: Hamed, Manal A.
- title: An overview on COVID-19: reality and expectation
- date: 2020-06-01
- words: 6090
- flesch: 35
- summary: However, there is no clear evidence that the BCG vaccine protects people against infection with COVID-19 virus. In a study involving patients with pandemic influenza (H1N1) and SARS virus, treatment of severe infection with convalescent plasma was associated with reduced respiratory viral load, serum cytokine response, and mortality (Cheng et al. 2005; Hung et al. 2011) .
- keywords: 2020a; activity; acute; addition; agent; angiotensin; anti; antibodies; antiviral; bcg; binding; blood; care; cases; cause; cells; china; chinese; chloroquine; clinical; control; convalescent; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; diabetes; diagnosis; disease; drug; ecdc; effective; effects; entry; enzyme; et al; expression; favipiravir; function; fusion; health; high; hiv-1; host; human; hypertension; immune; important; inactivated; infection; inflammatory; influenza; like; liver; measures; membrane; mers; middle; mortality; ncov; neutralizing; new; nitazoxanide; novel; obesity; outbreak; pandemic; patients; pcr; plasma; pneumonia; potential; protease; protein; rapid; receptor; remdesivir; respiratory; response; review; ribavirin; risk; rna; sars; severe; severity; spike; studies; study; subunit; syndrome; therapeutic; transmission; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; viruses
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- cord-268388-kkhuzf3p
- author: Sharif-Yakan, Ahmad
- title: Emergence of MERS-CoV in the Middle East: Origins, Transmission, Treatment, and Perspectives
- date: 2014-12-04
- words: 2508
- flesch: 43
- summary: A comparative serological study The emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Epidemic potential or a storm in a teacup? Global Alert and Response: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) -update Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) RNA and neutralising antibodies in milk collected according to local customs from dromedary camels, qatar Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: An outbreak investigation Hospital outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus Interhuman transmissibility of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Estimation of pandemic risk Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Quantification of the extent of the epidemic, surveillance biases, and transmissibility Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques Interim infection control and prevention recommendations for hospitalized patients with MERS-CoV MERS Case Definition MERS clinical update from the IDSA Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from saudi arabia: A descriptive study Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A report of nosocomial transmission Family cluster of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections A patient with severe respiratory failure caused by novel human coronavirus A family cluster of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation WHO concludes MERS-CoV mission in Saudi Arabia MERS-CoV enigma deepens as reported cases surge Geographic distribution of MERS coronavirus among dromedary camels MERS coronaviruses in dromedary camels Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) summary and literature update as of 20 Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 hajj Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in french pilgrims after 2013 hajj The receptor binding domain of MERS-CoV: The dawn of vaccine and treatment development Proteolytic processing, deubiquitinase and interferon antagonist activities of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease What are our pharmacotherapeutic options for MERS-CoV? International Severe Acute Respiratory & Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC)-Clinical Decision Making Tool for Treatment of MERS-CoV v.1.1 An animal model of MERS produced by infection of rhesus macaques with MERS coronavirus Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: An observational study Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of middle east respiratory coronavirus infection The authors would like to acknowledge Sima L. Sharara for editing the manuscript. Emergence of a novel human coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) summary and literature update as of 26 Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Consensus document on the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels Replicative capacity of MERS coronavirus in livestock cell lines Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels:
- keywords: acute; agents; antibodies; arabia; camels; cases; clinical; contact; control; coronavirus; cov; dromedary; east; east respiratory; entry; global; hajj; human; infected; infection; mers; middle; middle east; milk; novel; pandemic; patients; pilgrims; potential; receptor; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; sars; saudi; severe; study; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; transmission; treatment; united
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- cord-268468-036i1082
- author: Asif, Muhammad
- title: The role of biosensors in COVID-19 outbreak
- date: 2020-09-18
- words: 3210
- flesch: 32
- summary: The more precise and targeted detection of the virus can be carried out using biosensor based approaches. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Differential Sensitivities of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- keywords: acute; antibodies; antibody; approaches; assay; biomarkers; biosensing; biosensors; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; crucial; cytokine; detection; diagnosis; disease; double; effect; electrochemical; fet; graphene; high; il-6; infection; inflammatory; interest; level; method; novel; outbreak; patients; pcr; plasmon; pneumonia; protein; resonance; respiratory; results; review; role; samples; sars; scan; sensing; sensitive; severe; specific; spr; surface; syndrome; target; testing; time; tocilizumab; treatment; types; viruses
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- cord-268476-3lxsh1zz
- author: Skoog, Hunter
- title: Tracheotomy in the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
- date: 2020-04-29
- words: 1505
- flesch: 39
- summary: Our priorities in establishing these guidelines included: optimal patient care, protection of medical personnel, minimizing further spread of the virus and preservation of important resources (ICU beds, ventilators, and PPE). The goals of these recommendations are to provide optimal patient care, protection of medical personnel, minimizing further spread of the virus, and preservation of important resources (ICU beds, ventilators, and PPE).
- keywords: acute; care; center; cov-2; covid-19; current; epidemic; guidelines; health; infection; intubation; medical; pandemic; patients; personnel; ppe; procedure; recommendations; resources; respiratory; sars; severe; surgeons; tracheotomy; workers
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-268483-joiajgs4
- author: Shah, Vibhuti Kumar
- title: Overview of Immune Response During SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Lessons From the Past
- date: 2020-08-07
- words: 10674
- flesch: 31
- summary: A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for covid-19 Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-β1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Cinanserin is an inhibitor of the 3c-like proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and strongly reduces virus replication in vitro Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids Diarylheptanoids from Alnus japonica inhibit papain-like protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 Feasibility of using convalescent plasma immunotherapy for MERS-CoV infection, Saudi Arabia Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Available online at SARS vaccines: where are we? Neutralizing antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus spike is highly effective for the protection of mice in the murine SARS model SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus: application of monoclonal antibodies and development of an effective vaccine Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Effects of toll-like receptor stimulation on eosinophilic infiltration in lungs of BALB/c mice immunized with UV-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus vaccine Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection Identification of human single-domain antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: immunogenicity and rapid translational development SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Mast cells contribute to coronavirus-induced inflammation: new anti-inflammatory strategy Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan A phase 3, single-arm, prospective study of remestemcel-l, ex vivo culture-expanded adult human mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of pediatric patients who failed to respond to steroid treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease Remestemcel-L: Human mesenchymal stem cells as an emerging therapy for Crohn's disease Transplantation of ACE2-mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness | Coronavirus | COVID-19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in lung tissue Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Vulnerability of children with COVID-19 infection and ACE2 profiles in lungs Possible causes for decreased susceptibility of children to coronavirus Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and canadian pediatric intensive care units Outbreak of Kawasaki disease in children during COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective observational Features of COVID-19 post-infectious cytokine release syndrome in children presenting to the emergency department Links between innate and adaptive immunity via type I interferon Interferon and cytokine responses to SARScoronavirus infection SARS-CoV regulates immune function-related gene expression in human monocytic cells Profiles of antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus recombinant proteins and their potential use as diagnostic markers Early detection of antibodies against various structural proteins of the SARSassociated coronavirus in SARS patients Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses : challenges and pitfalls Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS-associated coronavirus T cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in humans Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2 : an observational cohort study Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Viral kinetics and antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 Protective humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 Medical countermeasures analysis of 2019-nCoV and vaccine risks for antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) Antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS coronavirus infection and its role in the pathogenesis of SARS Molecular mechanism for antibody-dependent enhancement of coronavirus entry Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine Novel immunodominant peptide presentation strategy: a featured HLA-A * 2402-restricted cytotoxic t-lymphocyte epitope stabilized by intrachain hydrogen bonds from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein Association of human leukocyte antigen class II alleles with severe acute respiratory syndrome in the Vietnamese population Epidemiological and genetic correlates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the hospital with the highest nosocomial infection rate in Taiwan in 2003 Humanleukocyte antigen class
- keywords: accessory; ace2; acute; acute respiratory; ade; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; approach; binding; case; cd4; cd8; cells; children; chloroquine; clearance; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; coronavirus infection; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokine; days; dependent; development; different; disease; domain; drugs; east; effective; entry; epitopes; expression; functional; genetic; genome; group; higher; hla; host; human; humoral; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; igg; igm; il-6; immune; immunity; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; like; lungs; mechanism; membrane; memory; mers; mhc; middle; molecular; molecules; monoclonal; mutations; ncov; neutralizing; new; non; novel; novel coronavirus; number; numerous; pandemic; particle; pathogenesis; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; polymerase; potential; present; production; protease; protective; protein; randomized; rapid; rbd; recent; receptor; recovered; region; related; remdesivir; replication; reports; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; rna; sars; sars coronavirus; severe; severe acute; similar; small; specific; spike; spread; structural; studies; study; subunit; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; t cells; target; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; trial; vaccine; viral; viruses; vivo; world
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- cord-268540-wrjzr3ws
- author: Park, You Jeong
- title: Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics
- date: 2020-08-13
- words: 16386
- flesch: 42
- summary: Clinical improvement following stem cell treatment will be assessed via frequency of adverse incidents, mortality rate, the number of ventilator and ICU free days, total hospital and ICU days, and improvement in oxygenation. The potent binding of SP to ACE2 and subsequent cellular infection may explain the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: ability; ace2; ace2 expression; activity; acute; acute respiratory; addition; adverse; alveolar; antibodies; antiviral; ards; associated; available; behavior; binding; blood; bone; brain; cardiac; cardiovascular; cases; cause; cells; cerebrovascular; china; chloroquine; chronic; clinical; cns; complications; consequences; convalescent; convalescent plasma; cord; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; critical; crucial; current; cytokine; damage; days; death; development; direct; disease; disorders; distress; dose; drugs; early; effective; effects; efficacy; entry; events; evidence; expression; failure; favipiravir; flu; fusion; health; heart; high; host; human; human ace2; hydroxychloroquine; hygiene; il-6; ill; immune; improvement; individuals; induced; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; injury; interaction; intravenous; ischemic; levels; like; load; long; lopinavir; lung; marrow; measures; mechanisms; membrane; mers; mesenchymal; mesenchymal stem; mice; mortality; mscs; multiple; myocardial; need; neural; neurological; new; non; number; onset; organs; outcomes; pandemic; pathology; patients; people; phase; plasma; plasma therapy; pneumocytes; pneumonia; potential; present; primary; protein; public; pulmonary; quarantine; rate; receptor; recovery; regenerative; remdesivir; research; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; rna; role; safety; sars; severe; significant; similar; small; spanish; specific; spike; spread; stem; stem cells; stroke; studies; study; surface; survival; symptoms; syndrome; system; targeting; term; therapeutic; therapy; time; tissue; tract; transmission; transplantation; treatment; trials; type; umbilical; uptake; use; vaccine; viral; virus; wuhan
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- cord-268561-vq1uhj5i
- author: da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro
- title: Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, the Virus Causing COVID-19
- date: 2020-08-04
- words: 9935
- flesch: 36
- summary: Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Novel antibody epitopes dominate the antigenicity of spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 compared to SARS-CoV Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays Cross-reactive Antibody Response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Infections Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2 Analysis of the first cluster of cases in a family of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Gansu Province Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup Serological assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Test performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays Diagnostic performance of 7 rapid IgG/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients Development and Clinical Application of A Rapid IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis Clinical Performance of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays Serological immunochromatographic approach in diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease Clinical performance of different SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests Evaluation of two automated and three rapid lateral flow immunoassays for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Evaluation of novel antigen-based rapid detection test for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples Evaluation of rapid antigen test for detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Microfluidic Immunoassays for Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of IgG/IgM/Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 within 15 min 2020) In addition, several studies have been used to evaluate the clinical sensitivity of serological tests with COVID-19 patient samples collected on different days after the onset of symptoms.
- keywords: acid; acute; addition; amplification; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assays; asymptomatic; blood; cases; cdc; cells; characteristics; china; clinical; colleagues; collection; common; control; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; countries; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; crispr; cross; days; detection; development; diagnosis; different; disease; early; elisa; evaluation; false; features; findings; genome; health; high; higher; human; igg; igm; illness; important; infected; infection; influenza; isolation; isothermal; laboratory; lamp; level; loop; low; manifestations; median; methods; mild; molecular; nasopharyngeal; ncov; negative; neutralization; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleic; number; onset; outbreak; pandemic; pathogens; patients; performance; pneumonia; population; positive; presence; primer; probe; protein; qpcr; rapid; rate; reactivity; real; recent; respiratory; response; results; reverse; review; rna; samples; sars; sensitivity; sequences; sequencing; serological; severe; shedding; similar; specific; specificity; specimens; spike; studies; study; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; targets; testing; tests; time; transcription; transmission; use; validation; vero; viral; viruses; workers; world; wuhan
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- cord-268718-tt07cwrf
- author: Tan, Heng Wee
- title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2: The old door for new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
- date: 2020-06-30
- words: 6373
- flesch: 41
- summary: So far, three CoVs (HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) have shown to utilize human ACE2 receptor. The known and suspected hosts of human coronaviruses that utilized human ACE2 receptors (HCoV-NL63, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) are shown.
- keywords: able; ace2; acute; affinity; analysis; angiotensin; animal; bat; bats; betacoronavirus; binding; blood; cancer; cells; china; civet; converting; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cross; different; disease; domain; entry; enzyme; evolution; expression; gastrointestinal; genome; hcov; higher; host; human; immune; infection; inhibitors; injury; interactions; kidney; levels; like; liver; lung; mers; mutations; ncov; new; nl63; novel; organs; origin; outbreak; pangolin; pathogenesis; patients; potential; protease; protein; range; rbd; receptor; related; respiratory; rna; sars; sequences; severe; similarity; smokers; species; spike; spike protein; strains; structure; studies; study; susceptibility; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; tissue; tract; transmission; treatment; vaccines; viral; viruses
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- cord-269275-b7xxk48t
- author: Tang, Xiaojia
- title: Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 and its possible mechanism
- date: 2020-09-27
- words: 4640
- flesch: 39
- summary: Four formal reports have described neurological problems in SARS patients, including polyneuropathy The symptoms of hypoxia in COVID-19 patients are very obvious, and critical patients need ventilator support.
- keywords: ace2; acute; aging; angiotensin; authors; blood; body; brain; care; cases; cause; cells; central; cerebral; cerebrovascular; characteristics; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; creatine; critical; damage; diagnosis; diseases; evidence; failure; group; high; human; icu; illness; immune; immunity; infected; infection; kinase; known; levels; limbs; lymphocytes; manifestations; membrane; multiple; muscle; myopathy; nervous; neurological; novel; novel coronavirus; outbreak; oxygen; patients; peripheral; plasma; pneumonia; polyneuropathy; potential; receptor; research; respiratory; rhabdomyolysis; risk; sars; severe; specific; spread; stroke; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; transmission; treatment; viruses; weakness; wuhan
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- cord-269289-6uog10j4
- author: Mabillard, Holly
- title: Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
- date: 2020-07-22
- words: 5686
- flesch: 37
- summary: Common symptoms include fever (43% of patients), cough (50%) and dyspnoea (29%) but other features such as myalgia (36%), diarrhoea (19%), anosmia and hypogeusia (10%) are also common 1 . The most frequent serious manifestation of infection is pneumonia with 15% of patients developing serious manifestations such as hypoxia, dyspnoea, extensive pulmonary involvement and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 2-5 .
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; aldosterone; angiotensin; ards; cardiac; cardiovascular; case; cells; chloride; clinical; cohort; complications; components; cov-2; covid-19; data; delivery; disease; distal; diuretics; duct; early; effects; electrolyte; evidence; high; histopathological; hyperaldosteronism; hypokalaemia; incidence; infected; infection; injury; involvement; kidney; mechanism; mmol; ncc; pathway; patients; potassium; potential; ras; reabsorption; renal; respiratory; results; review; sars; serum; severe; sodium; states; studies; study; syndrome; system; ttkg; tubular; tubule; urine; virus; volume; wasting; water
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- cord-270116-r2rnnsfh
- author: Lippi, Giuseppe
- title: Current laboratory diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- date: 2020-05-11
- words: 4754
- flesch: 22
- summary: As concerns serological testing, promising information can be garnered from preliminary investigations, showing that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients seem to develop a sustained immune response against the virus, characterized especially by emergence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA, 1 to 2 weeks after the onset of fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Guo et al have first shown that the median time of antibodies appearance in serum or plasma of COVID-19 patients begins 3-6 days after the onset of symptoms for both IgM and IgA, whilst it is delayed to 10-18 days for IgG (42) .
- keywords: accuracy; ace2; acute; additional; amplification; analytical; antibodies; antibody; assays; biological; blood; cdc; clinical; control; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; diagnosis; disease; emergence; gene; high; human; identification; iga; igg; igm; immune; immunoassays; infection; information; laboratory; lower; medicine; molecular; ncov; negative; neutralizing; novel; onset; patients; pcr; performance; positive; prevention; rapid; rate; recent; respiratory; response; results; reverse; rna; saliva; sars; serological; severe; specimens; study; surveillance; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; testing; tests; time; upper; use; viral
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- cord-270396-3bcnnyfq
- author: Karacin, Cengiz
- title: How does COVID-19 fear and anxiety affect chemotherapy adherence in patients with cancer
- date: 2020-07-17
- words: 3609
- flesch: 53
- summary: The relationship with delayed chemotherapy and survival in cancer patients Behavioral and psychological predictors of chemotherapy adherence in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer • The relationship between anxiety and chemotherapy adherence High level of unmet needs and anxiety are associated with delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer patients • The relationship between anxiety and delaying initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: the importance of gender •• Health anxiety during COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 infection anxieties and general population restrictions delay diagnosis and treatment of acute haematological malignancies COVID-19 and cancer: a comprehensive review Mental health, risk factors and social media use during the COVID-19 epidemic and cordon sanitaire among the community and health professionals in Wuhan, China: cross-sectional survey An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties The Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties anxiety and mood: a review of nomenclature, comorbidity and epidemiology Factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in colorectal cancer survivors Prevalence of depression, anxietyand insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis Telemedicine for cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: between threats and opportunities •
- keywords: adherence; advanced; age; analysis; anxiety; appointment; cancer; case; chemotherapy; cov; covid-19; data; date; days; fa group; factor; fear; group; hospital; independent; media; pandemic; patients; postponement; present; rates; records; social; studies; study; tcbt; telemedicine; terms; time; treatment; turkey; years
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- cord-270533-s2d3q4ob
- author: Lau, Yu-Lung
- title: SARS: future research and vaccine
- date: 2004-11-05
- words: 3001
- flesch: 40
- summary: Further understanding of the ecology of SARS CoV in human and animals will help prevent future cross species transmission. Further understanding of the ecology of SARS CoV in human and animals will help prevent future cross species transmission.
- keywords: ace2; acute; animal; antibodies; antiviral; binding; cell; clinical; coronavirus; cov; days; development; disease; effective; events; future; global; health; human; immune; important; infection; international; isolation; model; new; novel; outbreak; patients; potential; protein; rapid; research; respiratory; response; rna; sars; severe; strategies; studies; super; syndrome; transmission; treatment; understanding; vaccines; viral
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- cord-270550-if748w2n
- author: Bailey, Adam L.
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human Engineered Heart Tissues and Models COVID-19 Myocarditis
- date: 2020-11-05
- words: 5824
- flesch: 40
- summary: Figure 1 : ACE2 is expressed in the human heart and in stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. After infection with SARS-CoV-2, engineered tissues display typical features of myocarditis, including cardiomyocyte cell death, impaired cardiac contractility, and innate immune cell activation.
- keywords: ace2; activation; analysis; areas; autopsy; bars; bioconductor; blue; cardiac; cardiomyocytes; cell; changes; cms; consistent; control; cov-2; covid-19; dapi; data; days; death; denote; dimensional; ehts; error; evidence; expression; fibroblasts; fig; findings; function; genes; green; heart; height; host; hpsc; human; images; immune; immunostaining; independent; individual; infected; infection; inhibitor; injury; inoculated; inoculation; macrophages; mean; mneongreen; mock; model; mrna; myocardial; myocarditis; nucleocapsid; p<0.05; package; patients; pluripotent; point; post; protein; red; reduced; remdesivir; representative; rna; samples; sarcomere; sars; standard; stem; tbk1; test; tissues; troponin; types; vehicle; viral; white
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- cord-271243-8cfyen86
- author: Xiao, Y.
- title: Pathological Changes in Masked Palm Civets Experimentally Infected by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus
- date: 2008-05-31
- words: 3377
- flesch: 44
- summary: The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore Pneumonitis and multi-organ system disease in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) infected with the severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2 Study on the animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Time course and cellular localization of SARS-CoV nucleoprotein and RNA in lungs from fatal cases of SARS Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome The aetiology, origins, and diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Tissue and cellular tropism of the coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome: an in-situ hybridization study of fatal cases Pulmonary pathological features in coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Antibodies to SARS coronavirus in civets. The aetiological agent of this syndrome was a newly emerged and previously unrecognized coronavirus, now known as SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)
- keywords: acute; alveolar; animal; apoptosis; cells; cellular; cerebrum; changes; china; civets; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov; disease; dpi; et al; fig; groups; human; infected; infection; intestine; lung; lymph; mice; min; model; observed; palm; pathogenesis; pathological; pathology; positive; respiratory; rna; sars; sections; severe; similar; small; species; study; syndrome; tissue; viral
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- cord-271505-eot38721
- author: Wang, Hongliang
- title: Molecular pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome
- date: 2006-09-28
- words: 4963
- flesch: 45
- summary: A DNA vaccine encoding S protein can elicit neutralizing antibodies and induce T cell response, which can protect mice from SARS infection Neutralizing antibodies (IgG) have been detected in SARS patients, suggesting that humoral immunity plays an important role in the elimination of the virus.
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; angiotensin; antiviral; apoptosis; associated; binding; case; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov; damage; days; dependent; different; disease; domain; entry; expression; factors; failure; findings; fusion; group; host; human; immune; important; infection; inhibitors; injury; lung; mechanisms; membrane; mice; molecular; new; outbreak; p38; pathogenesis; patients; phase; potential; protein; receptor; recombinant; replication; respiratory; response; results; role; sars; severe; sign; specific; spike; structure; studies; study; syndrome; system; target; treatment; type; vaccine; vero; viral; virus; vivo
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- cord-271648-m2c5bvuj
- author: Ashour, Hossam M.
- title: Insights into the Recent 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Light of Past Human Coronavirus Outbreaks
- date: 2020-03-04
- words: 7550
- flesch: 53
- summary: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 Host cell proteases: Critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis Elastase-mediated activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein at discrete sites within the S2 domain Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade Protease-mediated enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Identification of a broad-spectrum antiviral small molecule against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Ebola, Hendra, and Nipah viruses by using a novel high-throughput screening assay Functional analysis of potential cleavage sites in the MERS-coronavirus spike protein Generation and characterization of human monoclonal neutralizing antibodies with distinct binding and sequence features against SARS coronavirus using XenoMouse Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution Identification of an antigenic determinant on the S2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies Human monoclonal antibodies against highly conserved HR1 and HR2 domains of the SARS-CoV spike protein are more broadly neutralizing Fully human monoclonal antibody directed to proteolytic cleavage site in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) That sort of adaptation required a set of amino acid changes in the RBD of S protein of SARS viruses that were circulating in bats [65] .
- keywords: ace2; acute; amino; animals; antibodies; bats; binding; camels; cases; cathepsin; cell; characterization; china; city; cleavage; control; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covs; different; disease; domain; early; east; ebola; emergence; entry; figure; furin; fusion; genome; hcov; health; host; human; identification; infected; infections; like; membrane; mers; middle; ncov; neutralizing; new; novel; number; outbreak; particle; patients; people; period; pneumonia; previous; protein; rbd; receptor; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; rna; sars; sequence; severe; similar; site; small; spike; spread; structural; study; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; table; transmission; viral; viruses; world; wuhan
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- cord-271781-cfv0ta10
- author: Patel, Kishan P.
- title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: an update of current literature
- date: 2020-07-07
- words: 4478
- flesch: 39
- summary: Environmental contamination through airflow may perpetuate viral transmission through infectious droplets [25] . A study analyzing COVID-19 patients from three hospitals in China demonstrated higher positive rates of viral RNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum, and
- keywords: ace2; acute; airborne; available; body; case; china; clinical; conjunctival; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; detection; different; disease; droplets; environmental; evidence; fecal; findings; fluid; human; infection; mothers; need; negative; neonates; ocular; oral; outbreak; particles; patients; pcr; pneumonia; positive; potential; pregnant; presence; public; research; respiratory; review; rna; routes; samples; sars; severe; shedding; spread; stool; studies; study; surface; swabs; symptoms; testing; tract; transmission; vertical; viral
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- cord-272010-kc0gi3cj
- author: Anand, Sai Priya
- title: Interaction of Human ACE2 to Membrane-Bound SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoproteins
- date: 2020-09-29
- words: 3691
- flesch: 43
- summary: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Furin Cleavage Site Is Key to SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 A pH-dependent switch mediates conformational masking of SARS-CoV-2 spike Structures and distributions of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins on intact virions Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike interacts with dimeric ACE2 with limited intra-Spike avidity SARS-CoV-2 and three related coronaviruses utilize multiple ACE2 orthologs and are potently blocked by an improved ACE2-Ig Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig The membrane-proximal intracytoplasmic tyrosine residue of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is critical for basolateral targeting of viral budding in MDCK cells Cross-sectional evaluation of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike The Hill equation revisited: Uses and misuses Cooperativity in Binding Processes: New Insights from Phenomenological Modeling Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus Decline of humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in convalescent individuals The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: Synergy and coverage of escape mutants Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Destruction of the Prefusion Spike The sequence of human ACE2 is suboptimal for binding the S spike protein of SARS coronavirus 2 Engineering human ACE2 to optimize binding to the spike protein of SARS coronavirus 2 Controlling the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein conformation Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2 We observed a higher neutralization potency of sACE2 against SARS-CoV-2 S (wt or D614G) when compared to SARS-CoV-1 (Table 1) .
- keywords: a.f; ace2; antibody; authors; barrier; binding; cells; conformational; cooperativity; coronavirus; cov-2; cov-2 s; cr3022; cryo; d614; data; differences; energy; figure; glycoproteins; higher; hill; human; interaction; invitrogen; membrane; model; monoclonal; monomeric; multiple; neutralization; open; plasmid; potency; previous; protein; protomer; rbd; rbds; receptor; recombinant; results; s.p.a; sars; soluble; spike; state; structural; table; trimer; usa
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- cord-272113-j82z4q8x
- author: Akaji, Kenichi
- title: Design and Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Coronavirus Agents Based on Molecular Interactions with the Viral Protease
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 6474
- flesch: 38
- summary: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dipeptide-type SARS-CoV 3CL protease inhibitors: Structure-activity relationship study Design, synthesis and crystallographic analysis of nitrile-based broad-spectrum peptidomimetic inhibitors for coronavirus 3C-like proteases Peptide aldehyde inhibitors challenge the substrate specificity of the SARS-coronavirus main protease Synthesis, modification and docking studies of 5-sulfonyl isatin derivatives as SARS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors Chalcones isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit cysteine proteases of SARS-CoV Evaluation of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as coronavirus protease inhibitors Virtual screening identification of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 3C-like protease inhibitors and in vitro confirmation Structure-based virtual screening against SARS-3CL(pro) to identify novel non-peptidic hits Identification of novel drug scaffolds for inhibition of SARS-CoV 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease using virtual and high-throughput screenings Discovery, synthesis, and structure-based optimization of a series of N-(tert-butyl)-2-(N-arylamido)-2-(pyridin-3-yl) acetamides (ML188) as potent noncovalent small molecule inhibitors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL protease Discovery of N-(benzo[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-N-(benzyl)acetamido)phenyl) carboxamides as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL pro inhibitors: Identification of ML300 and noncovalent nanomolar inhibitors with an induced-fit binding Design and synthesis of a series of serine derivatives as small molecule inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus 3CL protease Fused-ring structure of decahydroisoquinolin as a novel scaffold for SARS 3CL protease inhibitors Evaluation of a non-prime site substituent and warheads combined with a decahydroisoquinolin scaffold as a SARS 3CL protease inhibitor Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids COVID-19: Recent studies on the catalytic mechanism of the SARS-CoV 3CL pro and MERS-CoV 3CL pro revealed detailed insights regarding the difference in catalytic efficiencies between 3CL pro from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and identified a potential allosteric site for inhibitor design.
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; 3cl protease; active; activity; acute; addition; agents; aldehyde; attack; bond; carbonyl; catalytic; cell; complexed; compound; coronavirus; cov; cov 3cl; cov-2; covalent; covid-19; crystal; cys145; decahydroisoquinoline; design; development; enzyme; evaluation; expected; figure; group; high; host; human; hydrophobic; inhibitor; initial; interactions; ketone; like; new; novel; nucleophilic; pdb; peptide; pocket; potent; pro; protease; protease inhibitors; rational; reaction; respiratory; ring; sars; sars 3cl; sars coronavirus; scaffold; series; severe; site; small; specific; structure; studies; substituent; substrate; syndrome; synthesis; terminal; therapeutic; thiol; type; viral; warhead
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- cord-272603-nbosceoz
- author: Lin, Qiuyuan
- title: Microfluidic Immunoassays for Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of IgG/IgM/Antigen of SARS-CoV-2 within 15 min
- date: 2020-07-02
- words: 1883
- flesch: 36
- summary: The determination of specific antibodies (such as immunoglobulin G/M, IgG/M) and antigen is an easy, fast, reliable, and accessible strategy for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 as well as efficient and large-scale screening of suspected cases at point-of-care settings. The combination of multiple biomarker detection offers outstanding performance such as improving the sensitivity and accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
- keywords: antigen; biomarkers; care; china; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnosis; easy; figure; fluorescence; high; igg; igm; immunoassay; infection; method; microchip; microfluidic; multiple; patients; platform; point; results; samples; sars; sensitive; sensitivity; serum; testing
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- cord-272654-hh29olk7
- author: Bošnjak, Berislav
- title: Low serum neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibody levels in mildly affected COVID-19 convalescent patients revealed by two different detection methods
- date: 2020-11-02
- words: 6125
- flesch: 44
- summary: Positive correlation between total anti-S1 protein and neutralizing antibody levels in sera of convalescent individuals with mild COVID- 19 We then analyzed the correlation between total levels of anti-S1 IgG and IgA and the amount of neutralizing antibodies in our cohort of mild COVID-19 convalescent patients and healthy controls. Combining pVNT and sVNT, we found that~90% of recovered patients with mild COVID-19 possessed neutralizing serum antibodies.
- keywords: 2sd; ace2; affected; analysis; antibodies; antibody; assay; binding; cells; clinical; cohort; controls; convalescent; coronavirus; correlation; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; different; disease; donors; duration; elisa; fig; healthy; iga; igg; immune; individuals; infection; levels; low; mean; mild; negative; neutralization; neutralizing; patients; plasma; positive; present; protein; pvnt; rbd; respiratory; responses; results; s rbd; samples; sars; sera; serum; severe; shaded; specific; spike; strong; studies; study; svnt; symptoms; test; titers; total; values; virus; vsv
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- cord-273182-djb0ozrt
- author: Díez, José María
- title: Cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 is present in currently available intravenous immunoglobulins
- date: 2020-09-09
- words: 4331
- flesch: 41
- summary: Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses Identification of the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of human betacoronavirus HKU1 Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: a comparative overview Phylogenetic analysis and structural modeling of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reveals an evolutionary distinct and proteolytically sensitive activation loop An outbreak of human coronavirus OC43 infection and serological cross-reactivity with SARS coronavirus. A report to understand the key role of antibody cross-reactivity in emerging viral disease Antigenic cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 • A report to understand the key role of antibody cross-reactivity in emerging viral disease Currently available intravenous immunoglobulin contains antibodies reacting against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigens time report of significant cross-reactivity of currently available IVIG products to components of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (CoV-2), severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV Construction of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infectious cDNA clone and a replicon to study coronavirus RNA synthesis Search for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in currently approved drugs to tackle COVID-19 pandemia Engineering a replication-competent, propagation-defective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a vaccine candidate Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Comparative host gene transcription by microarray analysis early after infection of the Huh7 cell line by SARS coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E The life cycle of SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells Polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin for the prophylaxis and treatment of infection in critically ill adults.
- keywords: acute; antibodies; antibody; assay; available; capacity; cell; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; cross; cytopathic; different; dilution; disease; elisa; factor; figure; flebogamma; gamunex; hcov; human; igg; immunoglobulin; inc; infection; intravenous; ivig; kit; lots; mers; neutralization; neutralizing; patients; pfu; plaque; plasma; preparations; prnt; products; protein; reactivity; reduction; respiratory; results; sars; severe; significant; spain; spike; studies; study; subunit; syndrome; therapeutic; titers; treatment; usa; vero; viral
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- cord-273451-xnce010o
- author: Salisbury-Afshar, Elizabeth M.
- title: Vulnerable Populations: Weathering the Pandemic Storm
- date: 2020-04-22
- words: 1659
- flesch: 40
- summary: In addition to the measures taken inside correctional facilities, authorities must move quickly to reassess security and public health risks. Individuals who use opioids may be more interested in initiating medication for opioid use disorder.
- keywords: access; authors; buprenorphine; capacity; control; cov-2; covid-19; disease; disorder; drugs; facilities; health; higher; homeless; homelessness; incarcerated; individuals; opioid; pandemic; people; populations; public; response; risk; sars; services; severe; shelter; social; spread; substance; use; vulnerable
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- cord-274122-n9jnu2ah
- author: Mielech, Anna M.
- title: MERS-CoV papain-like protease has deISGylating and deubiquitinating activities
- date: 2014-02-01
- words: 4861
- flesch: 43
- summary: Importantly, we show that coronavirus PLpro activity can modulate the innate immune response. We recently described expression and protease activity of MERS-CoV PLpro in cell culture (Kilianski et al., 2013) .
- keywords: ability; activities; activity; acute; addition; analysis; antagonism; buffer; catalytic; cells; cellular; coronavirus; cov; cov plpro; cytokines; deubiquitinating; domain; dub; east; et al; expression; fig; hek293; human; ifnβ; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; isg15; like; lindner; luciferase; mda5; membrane; mers; middle; model; mutant; papain; pcdna; plasmids; plpro; plps; potential; protease; proteins; reporter; respiratory; responses; results; rig; rna; sars; severe; structure; syndrome; type; viral; wild
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- cord-274141-vujx538o
- author: Chinsembu, Kazhila C.
- title: Coronaviruses and Nature’s Pharmacy for the Relief of Coronavirus Disease 2019
- date: 2020-10-06
- words: 11364
- flesch: 42
- summary: Evid Based In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds Binding interaction of quercetin-3-βgalactoside and its synthetic derivatives with SARS-CoV 3CL pro : structure-activity relationship studies reveal salient pharmacophore features A report of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nine cases of coronavirus disease 2019 Statistical evidence for the usefulness of Chinese medicine in the treatment of SARS Antiviral effects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro Plants as antimalarial agents in Sub-Saharan Africa Green Medicines: pharmacy of natural products for HIV and five AIDS-related infections Chemical diversity and activity profiles of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors from plants Evaluation of antiviral activities of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Learning from the experience of using supplementary treatment with Chinese medicine on SARS or SARS-like infectious disease in 2003 The lesson of supplementary treatment with Chinese medicine on severe laboratory-confirmed SARS patients SARS coronavirus, but not human coronavirus NL63, utilizes cathepsin L to infect ACE2-expressing cells Applications of the phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) in infectious diseases Inhibitory activities of Cassia tora and its anthraquinone constituents on angiotensin-converting enzyme Ginseng, the natural effectual antiviral: protective effects of Korean red ginseng against viral infection Natural products and their derivatives against coronavirus: a review of the non-clinical and pre-clinical data cytotoxicity and active compound of Pechuel-loeschea leubnitziae O. Hoffm.
- keywords: 2019; 3cl; a59; ace2; acid; active; activities; activity; acute; administration; africa; agents; algae; analysis; anti; antimalarial; antiviral; baicalin; binding; blocks; broad; cathepsin; cava; cell; chemical; china; chinese; chinsembu; chloroquine; clinical; common; compounds; concentration; control; coronavirus; countries; cov; cov 3cl; cov-2; covid-19; covs; current; data; dependent; derivatives; development; discovery; disease; dose; drug; east; echinacea; echinaforce; effective; effects; efficacy; emodin; entry; enzyme; epidemic; essential; et al; extract; flavonoids; food; fusion; global; glycyrrhizin; hcov; hcov-229e; health; herbal; high; hiv; hku1; host; human; index; infection; inhibited; inhibition; inhibitors; japonica; keyaerts; kim; lead; lectins; like; main; mannose; marine; medicinal; medicine; mers; middle; molecular; mortality; myricetin; natural; ncov; new; nl63; non; novel; oc43; oils; organisms; outbreak; patients; placebo; plants; pneumonia; potent; potential; prevention; pro; products; protease; protein; purpurea; quercetin; randomized; receptor; remdesivir; remedy; replication; repurposing; research; respiratory; review; rna; role; root; ryu; safe; sars; sars coronavirus; selectivity; severe; south; species; specific; spike; structure; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; synthesis; synthetic; target; tcm; therapeutic; thunb; traditional; treatment; trials; tylophorine; type; values; viruses; vitamin; vivo; world; yang; zhou
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- cord-274396-l611eisi
- author: Park, Su-Jin
- title: Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets
- date: 2020-05-22
- words: 4377
- flesch: 37
- summary: Comparisons of virus titers and shedding periods in antiviral-drug-treated ferrets. To further evaluate virus titers in tissues, three ferrets from each group were euthanized at 4 and 8 dpi, and virus titers were measured in nasal turbinate and lungs.
- keywords: activity; animal; antibody; antiviral; azathioprine; candidates; clinical; control; control group; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; dpi; drug; efficacies; emtricitabine; fda; ferrets; fig; group; hcq; human; hydroxychloroquine; immune; infected; infection; kim; lopinavir; model; nasal; number; overall; patients; pbs; respiratory; ritonavir; rna; sars; score; serum; similar; specimens; statistical; studies; sulfate; symptoms; syndrome; tcid; tenofovir; titers; treatment; virus; washes
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- cord-274399-cd7cmpoj
- author: Barzin, Amir
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among a Southern U.S. Population Indicates Limited Asymptomatic Spread under Physical Distancing Measures
- date: 2020-09-29
- words: 3308
- flesch: 41
- summary: When comparing the ScreenNC population and patient populations accessing UNC Health in 2020, there were some notable differences. ScreenNC2 samples were sera obtained from UNC patients for indications other than COVID-19.
- keywords: abbott; antibodies; antibody; assay; asymptomatic; care; carolina; cases; characteristics; clinical; cohort; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; distancing; emergency; fewer; health; igg; individuals; infection; irb; june; limited; march; north; participants; patients; period; physical; population; positive; presence; public; reported; respiratory; sample; sars; screennc; sensitivity; sera; seroprevalence; sites; specificity; spread; studies; study; suburban; symptoms; time; transmission; unc; viral
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- cord-274506-fzcuu4ma
- author: Jo, Seri
- title: Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS‐CoV 3C‐like protease inhibitors
- date: 2019-09-12
- words: 4240
- flesch: 46
- summary: A F I G U R E 4 Comparison of inhibitory activity between homologue flavonoids. Among them, herbacetin (3,4′,5,7,8-Pentahydroxyflavone), isobavachalcone (2′,4,4′-Trihydroxy-3′-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)chalcone), quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside (3,3′,4′,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone 3-β-d-glucoside) and helichrysetin (4,2′,4′-trihydroxy-6′methoxychalcone) were found to have prominent inhibitory activity (Figure 2 ).
- keywords: 3clpro; activity; affinity; analysis; antiviral; assay; binding; catalytic; cell; column; compounds; concentration; cov; cov 3clpro; covs; docking; edans; emission; excitation; figure; fit; flavonoids; fluorescence; glucoside; group; helichrysetin; herbacetin; hydrophobic; hydroxyl; inhibitory; intensity; isobavachalcone; library; ligand; like; mers; mers‐cov; method; non; peptide; position; presence; protease; protein; proteolytic; quercetin; residues; respiratory; ring; sars; site; structural; study; substrate; triton; virus; x-100
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- cord-274802-7ioiwsd8
- author: Varghese, Praveen Mathews
- title: Host-pathogen interaction in COVID-19: Pathogenesis, potential therapeutics and vaccination strategies
- date: 2020-08-19
- words: 19710
- flesch: 31
- summary: Unlike SARS, COVID-19 patients had the highest viral load near presentation, which could account for the fast-spreading nature of this epidemic. In a study involving COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong recorded high viral load on presentation with the onset of symptoms and also when the symptoms are mild (83) .
- keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; acute respiratory; addition; adults; adverse; alveolar; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; ards; associated; association; asymptomatic; autoimmune; binding; blood; btk; c5a; cancer; candidate; care; case; cd4; cd8; cells; centre; chadox1; changes; characteristics; children; china; clinical; coagulation; cohort; combination; complement; complex; complications; control; convalescent; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 infection; covid-19 patients; cytokines; damage; day; days; death; development; differences; different; disease; distress; dose; drug; dysfunction; early; effects; efficacy; elevated; endothelial; enhanced; entry; evidence; expression; factor; failure; fda; features; findings; form; fusion; healthy; heart; high; higher; hospital; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; icu; igg; il-6; ill; immune; immunity; immunogenicity; increase; individuals; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibitor; injury; innate; interferon; ivig; kawasaki; key; kidney; kinase; label; leads; levels; like; likely; liver; load; lopinavir; lower; lung; mac; macrophages; manifestations; mechanical; mechanism; membrane; memory; mers; mice; microangiopathy; mild; moderate; mortality; mrna; multi; multisystem; ncov; neutralizing; neutrophils; new; non; novel; observational; older; onset; open; organ; outcomes; pathogenesis; pathways; patients; period; person; phase; plasma; pneumonia; population; positive; possible; post; pregnancy; pregnant; present; production; protease; protective; protein; pulmonary; randomized; rate; rbd; reactive; receptor; recovery; release; remdesivir; replication; reported; reports; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; retrospective; review; rhesus; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; safety; samples; sars; sars coronavirus; series; serum; severe; severe acute; severe covid-19; severity; significant; similar; single; small; specific; spike; standard; state; storm; studies; study; surface; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; systematic; t cells; therapeutic; therapy; thrombin; thrombotic; time; titres; tmprss2; tnf; transcriptome; transmission; treatment; trial; type; tyrosine; use; vaccination; vaccine; vascular; ventilation; viral; virions; volunteers; women; wuhan; years
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- cord-274834-24v2b509
- author: Lima, Rosiane
- title: Establishment of a pediatric COVID-19 biorepository: unique considerations and opportunities for studying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children
- date: 2020-09-11
- words: 5596
- flesch: 36
- summary: The methodology described here, details the importance of establishing collaborations between the clinical and research teams to harmonize protocols for patient recruitment and sample collection, processing and storage. Cornerstones of the biorepository included open dialogue between research and clinical team members, a sensitivity to procedures required for specimen collection in children, and clear documentation of study participation and sample collection.
- keywords: adults; age; aspirates; asymptomatic; biorepository; biospecimens; blood; care; children; clinical; clinics; cohort; collection; consent; control; cov-2; covid-19; critical; development; differences; disease; enrollment; factors; fetal; fig; following; high; hospitalized; immune; impact; infants; infected; infection; inflammatory; irb; laboratory; load; maternal; mis; mothers; multisystem; nasopharyngeal; neonatal; newborns; oropharyngeal; pandemic; participants; patients; pediatric; population; processing; quality; questions; research; responses; risk; rna; saliva; samples; sars; serum; severe; specimens; staff; stool; storage; study; swabs; syndrome; team; tracheal; transmission; tube; understanding; urine; viral; years
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- cord-274841-rcdoewwv
- author: Tay, Matthew Zirui
- title: The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention
- date: 2020-04-28
- words: 7201
- flesch: 31
- summary: Prior immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein causes severe pneumonia in mice infected with SARS-CoV A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge Developing Covid-19 vaccines at pandemic speed Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Profiles of antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus recombinant proteins and their potential use as diagnostic markers Early detection of antibodies against various structural proteins of the SARS-associated coronavirus in SARS patients Neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated Nature reviews | Immunology coronavirus infection Longitudinally profiling neutralizing antibody response to SARS coronavirus with pseudotypes Expert: recovered coronavirus patients are still prone to reinfection The Straits Times. The Straits Times Japanese man tests positive for coronavirus again China puts 245 COVID-19 patients on convalescent plasma therapy Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in SARS patients Experience of using convalescent plasma for severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers in a Taiwan hospital Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine The keypoints in treatment of the critical coronavirus disease 2019 patient Chinese doctors 'using plasma therapy' on COVID-19 patients 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 Press release details: Vir Biotechnology applying multiple platforms to address public health risk from Wuhan coronavirus Can an anti-HIV combination or other existing drugs outwit the new coronavirus Coronavirus treatment: vaccines/drugs in the pipeline for COVID-19 Neutralizing epitopes of the SARS-CoV S-protein cluster independent of repertoire, antigen structure or mAb technology Antibody responses to individual proteins of SARS coronavirus and their neutralization activities Receptor binding surveillance for high quality genomes Mutations in the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmitted in Korea increase resistance to antibodymediated neutralization Escape from human monoclonal antibody neutralization affects in vitro and in vivo fitness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses Neutralizing antibody response and SARS severity Is COVID-19 receiving ADE from other coronaviruses?
- keywords: ace2; acute; acute respiratory; addition; alveolar; amino; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; associated; binding; blood; cases; cause; cd4; cells; characteristics; china; clinical; convalescent; converting; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; damage; days; development; disease; domain; dysfunctional; entry; enzyme; epithelial; expression; factor; failure; fig; fusion; high; host; human; immune; important; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; interferon; levels; likely; load; lung; macrophages; mers; mice; monoclonal; monocytes; ncov; neutralization; neutralizing; non; novel; onset; patients; plasma; pneumonia; potential; protection; protein; pyroptosis; rbd; receptor; ref; regions; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; result; rna; sars; severe; severe acute; site; specific; spike; storm; structure; study; symptom; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; target; therapeutic; transmission; treatment; vaccine; viral; wuhan
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- cord-275138-033r259v
- author: Hayden, Frederick G
- title: Towards improving clinical management of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection
- date: 2014-07-31
- words: 1624
- flesch: 30
- summary: ISARIC has collaborated with WHO to develop biological sampling protocols that are applicable for patients with MERS-CoV. Furthermore, working with colleagues in Public Health England, ISARIC experts have examined available data and ranked potential therapeutic options with regard to their priority for clinical study; 10 this information will be updated as new data become available. key: cord-275138-033r259v authors: Hayden, Frederick G; Farrar, Jeremy; Peiris, J S Malik title: Towards improving clinical management of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date: 2014-07-31 journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70793-5 sha: doc_id: 275138 cord_uid: 033r259v nan A decade on from the 2002-03 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections, the world is again confronted by the possible international spread of a novel coronavirus, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which apparently originated in the Arabian peninsula.
- keywords: antibodies; antiviral; available; cases; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; data; diff; disease; east; ecologies; eff; erent; health; human; infection; international; isaric; mers; middle; natural; patients; places; plasma; polio; polioviruses; respiratory; sars; severe; studies; syndrome; treatment; vaccine
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- cord-275252-4e3cn50u
- author: Rad SM, Ali Hosseini
- title: Implications of SARS-CoV-2 mutations for genomic RNA structure and host microRNA targeting
- date: 2020-05-16
- words: 4369
- flesch: 45
- summary: While perfect matches of miRNA to target viral sequences results in miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC)-mediate destruction of viral RNA, imperfect matches interfere with translation [15] . C=18.4%) and enrichment of codons in in pyrimidines is likely due to APOBEC editing of viral RNA and the fact that Nsp14 (proof-reading) does not remove U (the product of cytosine deamination)
- keywords: acid; addition; amino; analysis; anti; attenuation; binding; cardiovascular; cells; changes; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; critical; defence; detection; disease; events; evolution; expression; figure; gene; genome; genomic; hepatitis; host; human; immune; impact; infection; machinery; microrna; mir-197; mir-338; mirna; multiple; mutations; non; nsp4; patients; potential; present; protein; rate; replication; response; result; rna; rnas; sars; secondary; selection; sequences; sites; small; specific; splice; splicing; structure; study; target; targeting; transcripts; translation; utr; vaccines; viral; virus; viruses; zoonotic
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- cord-275313-mfyff9ne
- author: Modjarrad, Kayvon
- title: Treatment strategies for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
- date: 2016-01-01
- words: 3779
- flesch: 32
- summary: Epidemiological update: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia Clinical and laboratory findings of the first imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus to the United States Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS-CoVs in Saudi Arabia Dromedary camels and the transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Serological evidence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Laikipia County Isolation of MERS coronavirus from a dromedary camel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia Human-dromedary camel interactions and the risk of acquiring zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Detection of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus genome in an air sample originating from a camel barn owned by an infected patient Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus Epidemiological investigation of MERS-CoV spread in a single hospital in South Korea Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination Probable transmission chains of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the multiple generations of secondary infection in South Korea Transmission among healthcare worker contacts with a Middle East respiratory syndrome patient in a single Korean centre Transmission characteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: a comparative study Health-care associate transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus, MERS-CoV, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Assessment of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic in the Middle East and risk of international spread using a novel maximum likelihood analysis approach Estimation of MERS-coronavirus reproductive number and case fatality rate for the Spring 2014 Saudi Arabia outbreak: insights from publicly available data Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation The receptor binding domain of the new Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus maps to a 231-residue region in the spike protein that efficiently elicits neutralizing antibodies A truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Treatment with interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques IFN-alpha2a or IFN-beta1a in combination with ribavirin to treat Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pneumonia: a retrospective study Combination therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon-alpha for Middle East respiratory syndrome: a case report Ribavirin and interferon-alpha2b as primary and preventive treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a preliminary report of two cases Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (MERS CoV): case reports from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia Oral ribavirin for the treatment of noninfluenza respiratory viral infections: a systematic review Interferon in oncological practice: review of interferon biology, clinical applications, and toxicities The use of corticosteroid as treatment in SARS was associated with adverse outcomes: a retrospective cohort study Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis The use of convalescent plasma to treat emerging infectious diseases: focus on Ebola virus disease A conformation-dependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein A humanized neutralizing antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein Pre-and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection Towards the prophylactic and therapeutic use of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies Development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for prevention and therapy of MERS-CoV infections Structural basis for the neutralization of MERS-CoV by a human monoclonal antibody MERS-27 Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus Nucleotide prodrug GS-5734 is a broad-spectrum filovirus inhibitor that providescomplete therapeutic protection against the development of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in infected non-human primates ID Week BioCryst announces Nature publication demonstrating efficacy of BCX4430 in a non-human primate model of filovirus infection Structure of the fusion core and inhibition of fusion by a heptad repeat peptide derived from the S protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Design of potential RNAi (miRNA and siRNA) molecules for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) gene silencing by computational method Antiviral drugs specific for coronaviruses in preclinical development A screen of the NIH Clinical Collection small molecule library identifies potential anti-coronavirus drugs Most recently, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has emerged as a novel cause of severe acute respiratory illness after first being identified in a Saudi Arabian patient in 2012
- keywords: activity; acute; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; arabia; case; clinical; combination; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; data; development; disease; domain; dromedary; drugs; east; east respiratory; ebola; effective; efficacy; epidemic; fusion; glycoprotein; human; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitors; interferon; licensed; mabs; mers; middle; middle east; monoclonal; neutralizing; novel; outcomes; pandemic; patients; plasma; potential; products; protein; rbd; receptor; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; ribavirin; rna; sars; saudi; severe; spike; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; therapeutic; transmission; treatment; use; viral; viruses
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- cord-275454-an8xvow3
- author: Clark, Andrew E
- title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Screening With Specimen Pools: Time to Swim, or Too Deep for Comfort?
- date: 2020-09-28
- words: 1608
- flesch: 40
- summary: If people misinterpret negative test results as justification to relax their nonpharmacologic interventions (mask wearing), especially at traditionally social times like lunch and coffee breaks, the magnitude of disease spread could be significant. The study demonstrates sample pooling as a mechanism for both cost reduction and resource conservation, using a commercial molecular platform with a rapid turnaround time and strong analytical sensitivity.
- keywords: analytical; assay; asymptomatic; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; high; interest; laboratories; laboratory; need; negative; number; patients; pooled; pooling; positive; prevalence; results; sample; sars; screening; sensitivity; specimens; strategy; testing; time; turnaround; work
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- cord-275565-xerr4vki
- author: Kumar, Manish
- title: Decay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA along the wastewater treatment outfitted with Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) system evaluated through two sample concentration techniques
- date: 2020-09-15
- words: 3459
- flesch: 38
- summary: These all warrants a study that can track the genetic loading after each wastewater treatment stage in Indian settings and highlight the effects of wastewater treatment on RNA decay of the corona virus. In wastewater treatment ponds, viruses are removed through various mechanisms, including adsorption, predation and sunlight inactivation (Verbyla and Mihelcic, 2015) .
- keywords: 2020a; aeration; ahmedabad; anaerobic; cases; concentration; control; copies; cov-2; covid-19; decay; detection; epidemiology; et al; filtration; final; genes; genetic; health; india; inhibition; loading; method; patients; peg; polishing; pond; proof; protein; r n; raw; reduction; removal; rna; samples; sars; sensitivity; sewage; sludge; study; surveillance; system; treatment; uasb; viral; virus; viruses; wastewater
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- cord-275690-83nrzfon
- author: Stanifer, Megan L.
- title: Critical role of type III interferon in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and spread in primary human intestinal epithelial cells
- date: 2020-04-24
- words: 4699
- flesch: 40
- summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection of the gastrointestinal tract is supported by the fact that ACE2, the virus receptor (Hoffmann et al., 2020) , is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (Zhao et al., 2020) (Lukassen et al., 2020) (Wu et al., 2020a) (Venkatakrishnan et al., 2020) and single cell sequencing analysis suggest that its expression is even higher on intestinal cells compared to lung cells (Xu et al., 2020a) Here, we engaged in studying SARS-CoV-2 infection of human intestinal cells.
- keywords: analysis; antiviral; cells; colon; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dsrna; enteric; epithelial; et al; expression; fig; genome; gut; human; iecs; ifn; ifnl; ifns; iii; immune; increase; infected; infection; interferon; intestinal; large; lung; novo; number; organoids; particles; presence; primary; production; receptor; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; sars; single; spread; support; t84; tract; type; vero; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-275926-rj23z7po
- author: Fontanella, Marco M.
- title: Neurosurgical practice during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a worldwide survey
- date: 2020-05-05
- words: 4017
- flesch: 44
- summary: COVID-19 positive Italian health professionals have reached more than 13,000, with more than 100 deaths of physicians (most of them are general practitioners) and almost 30 nurses. These data show how most countries acted according to international guidelines in the management of elective procedures.
- keywords: activity; answers; cases; centers; chest; coronavirus; countries; country; covid-19; data; days; different; disease; emergency; fig; guidelines; health; high; incidence; india; indications; international; italy; measures; medical; neurosurgeons; neurosurgery; neurosurgical; non; number; organization; outbreak; pakistan; pandemic; patients; perception; planning; positive; practice; procedures; professionals; rate; reported; respondents; responses; sars; screening; special; survey; system; worldwide
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-275946-ofd2ipvs
- author: Cheng, Matthew P.
- title: Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review
- date: 2020-06-04
- words: 5287
- flesch: 27
- summary: The time course of the immune response to experimental coronavirus infection of man The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong The feasibility of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients: a pilot study Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Testing an old therapy against a new disease: convalescent plasma for COVID-19 Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 Anti-influenza immune plasma for the treatment of patients with severe influenza A: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial Anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin for adults with influenza A or B infection (FLU-IVIG): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial Subunit vaccines against emerging pathogenic human coronaviruses SARS CoV subunit vaccine: antibody-mediated neutralisation and enhancement Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection Prospects for a MERS-CoV spike vaccine A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccines for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Analysis and interpretation of the data Drafting of the article Administrative, technical, or logistic support: C. Caya. The figure shows a decision tree for interpreting antibody test results by symptomatology (symptomatic, postsymptomatic, asymptomatic or subclinical) and whether the patient is a suspected case.
- keywords: acute; addition; antibodies; antibody; assays; asymptomatic; cases; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; correlates; cov-2; covid-19; cross; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; dynamics; elisa; enzyme; estimates; health; high; human; igg; immune; immunity; individuals; infection; influenza; interpretation; key; low; lower; mers; molecular; nab; neutralization; pandemic; patients; pcr; performance; plasma; population; positive; potential; protection; protein; rbd; reactivity; reference; related; respiratory; responses; results; review; risk; sars; sensitivity; sera; serologic; seroprevalence; severe; specific; specificity; standard; studies; study; syndrome; test; testing; therapy; time; titers; transmission; use; vaccine; validation; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-276630-qci7khki
- author: Lima, William Gustavo
- title: The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review
- date: 2020-06-08
- words: 3740
- flesch: 46
- summary: Abidol and darunavir can effectively inhibit coronavirus Going global-Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus Lopinavir/ritonavir: a review of its use in the management of HIV infection Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four smallmolecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture Treatment With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-β1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset Arbidol: a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that blocks viral fusion Arbidol as a broadspectrum antiviral: An update Antiviral activity of arbidol and its derivatives against the pathogen of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the cell cultures Therapeutic strategies to target the Ebola virus life cycle Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations The promising in vitro results of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have motivated the initiation of clinical studies of these substances ( Table 4) .
- keywords: activity; agents; antiviral; arbidol; articles; available; cases; china; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; drugs; effect; efficacy; evidence; fig; health; hydroxychloroquine; infection; lopinavir; ncov; novel; patients; pneumonia; potential; promising; protease; remdesivir; replication; repositioning; results; review; ritonavir; sars; severe; strategy; studies; study; systematic; table; therapeutic; treatment; trials; umifenovir; use; vitro
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-277076-yvsyo4l9
- author: Berger, A.
- title: SARS
- date: 2019-09-12
- words: 4350
- flesch: 41
- summary: It was obvious that the majority of human SARS cases were acquired through transmission from other SARS sufferers (which proved key to its eventual control). Low risk of SARS-CoV emergence or introduction -Countries/areas that never reported cases or reported only imported cases during the 2002-03 epidemic, and that do not conduct research using live SARS-CoV-like viruses or store clinical samples from SARS cases.
- keywords: acute; agent; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; areas; cases; china; clinical; control; coronavirus; countries; cov; day; days; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; early; emergence; epidemic; figure; guangdong; health; high; human; identification; illness; important; infection; influenza; international; introduction; key; laboratories; laboratory; like; low; measures; nasopharyngeal; onset; outbreak; patients; population; positive; rapid; research; reservoir; respiratory; results; risk; sars; serum; severe; southern; species; specimens; spread; symptoms; syndrome; test; time; transmission; viral; viruses; weeks; wildlife
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-277253-vy0mvzeb
- author: Liu, Hongbo
- title: Scutellaria baicalensis extract and baicalein inhibit replication of SARS-CoV-2 and its 3C-like protease in vitro
- date: 2020-04-11
- words: 2280
- flesch: 42
- summary: A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and flavonoid biosynthesis of Scutellaria baicalensis Baicalein and baicalin as Zika virus inhibitors Anti-H1N1 virus, cytotoxic and Nrf2 activation activities of chemical constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis Inhibition of HIV replication by baicalin and S. baicalensis extracts in H9 cell culture Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis inhibits dengue virus replication Efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis for the Treatment of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Associated with Encephalitis in Patients Infected with EV71: A Multicenter, Retrospective Analysis A targeted strategy to analyze untargeted mass spectral data: Rapid chemical profiling of Scutellaria baicalensis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry and key ion filtering Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors 3C-like proteinase from SARS coronavirus catalyzes substrate hydrolysis by a general base mechanism Therapeutic Effects of Breviscapine in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13 Metabolism of constituents in Huangqin-Tang, a prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, by human intestinal flora Hepatic metabolism and disposition of baicalein via the coupling of conjugation enzymes and transporters-in vitro and in vivo evidences Biosynthesis, purification, and substrate specificity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C-like proteinase Maturation mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 3C-like proteinase In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Within the 20 years of the 21st century, there are already three outbreaks of CoV-causing global epidemics, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; activity; acute; addition; anti; antiviral; baicalein; baicalensis; china; chinese; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; drugs; extract; flavonoid; group; ingredients; inhibitors; like; main; ncov; potent; pro; protease; replication; respiratory; sars; scutellaria; sequence; severe; structure; substrate; syndrome; treatment; viral; vitro
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- cord-277399-0w8is9xm
- author: Esteves, Sandro C.
- title: SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and repercussions for male infertility patients: A proposal for the individualized provision of andrological services
- date: 2020-05-22
- words: 4162
- flesch: 31
- summary: key: cord-277399-0w8is9xm authors: Esteves, Sandro C.; Lombardo, Francesco; Garrido, Nicolás; Alvarez, Juan; Zini, Armand; Colpi, Giovanni M.; Kirkman‐Brown, Jackson; Lewis, Sheena E. M.; Björndahl, Lars; Majzoub, Ahmad; Cho, Chak‐Lam; Vendeira, Pedro; Hallak, Jorge; Amar, Edouard; Cocuzza, Marcello; Bento, Fabiola C.; Figueira, Rita C.; Sciorio, Romualdo; Laursen, Rita J.; Metwalley, Ahmad M.; Jindal, Sunil K.; Parekattil, Sijo; Ramasamy, Ranjith; Alviggi, Carlo; Humaidan, Peter; Yovich, John L.; Agarwal, Ashok title: SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and repercussions for male infertility patients: A proposal for the individualized provision of andrological services date: 2020-05-22 journal: Andrology DOI: 10.1111/andr.12809 sha: doc_id: 277399 cord_uid: 0w8is9xm The prolonged lockdown of health facilities providing non‐urgent gamete cryopreservation—as currently recommended by many reproductive medicine entities and regulatory authorities due to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic will be detrimental for subgroups of male infertility patients.
- keywords: affected; age; analysis; andrological; andrological services; art; assisted; azoospermia; banking; bowel; cancer; cases; clinical; clinics; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cryopreservation; diagnostic; disease; drugs; ejaculate; fertility; gonadotoxic; healthcare; infection; infertile; inflammatory; lockdown; low; male; measures; medical; men; months; noa; non; pandemic; patients; pregnancy; providers; quality; recommendations; reproductive; review; risk; sars; semen; services; severe; sperm; sperm banking; spermatogenesis; spermatozoa; stress; surgical; testicular; testing; therapy; time; treatment; use; varicocele; window; women
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-277487-jgbjxgh1
- author: Graham, Simon P.
- title: Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
- date: 2020-06-20
- words: 5084
- flesch: 44
- summary: For analysis of T cell responses in pigs, overlapping 16mer peptides offset by 4 residues based on the predicted amino acid sequence of the entire S protein from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_045512.2) were designed and synthesised (Mimotopes, Melbourne, Australia) and reconstituted in sterile 40% acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Three pools of synthetic peptides representing residues 1-331 (Pool 1), 332-748 (Pool 2) and 749-1273 (Pool 3) were prepared for use to stimulate T cells in IFN-γ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays. We show here that T cell responses are higher in pigs that received a prime-boost vaccination when compared to prime only at day 42, whilst comparing responses 14 days after last immunisation demonstrates the prime-boost regimen trended toward a higher response.
- keywords: aldrich; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; biolegend; blood; boost; cd4; cd8; cells; chadox1; clinical; clone; control; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; day; development; dilution; dose; dpv; elispot; figure; fisher; following; gibco; greater; groups; hours; human; ifn; immune; immunisation; immunogenicity; mab; media; mice; model; mouse; ncov-19; pbmc; peptide; pigs; plates; pool; prime; protein; rbd; responses; sars; scientific; sera; serum; sigma; significant; single; specific; study; thermo; titres; vaccination; vaccine; virus; weeks
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-277841-7sp8ftbc
- author: Kumari, Pratibha
- title: Potential diagnostics and therapeutic approaches in COVID-19
- date: 2020-08-12
- words: 4881
- flesch: 40
- summary: While the level of E gene confirms the presence of SARS related virus. Like most immunological diagnostic protocols, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for COVID-19 detection uses IgM and IgG antibody against nucleocapsid (N) and receptor binding domain spike proteins (S) of SARS-CoV-2.
- keywords: activity; addition; antibody; antigen; antiviral; april; assay; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cycle; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; double; drug; elisa; fda; figure; gene; genome; gold; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; igg; igm; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitors; like; lopinavir; methods; molecular; nanoparticles; nasopharyngeal; novel; nucleocapsid; pandemic; patients; pcr; person; pneumonia; polymerase; potential; primers; probes; protease; protein; rdrp; receptor; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; results; ritonavir; rna; role; samples; sars; scan; severe; specific; specimen; spike; study; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; table; test; therapy; transmission; treatment; trial; viral; virus; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-278362-pwi48i20
- author: Khan, Abbas
- title: Combined drug repurposing and virtual screening strategies with molecular dynamics simulation identified potent inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (3CLpro)
- date: 2020-06-18
- words: 5144
- flesch: 49
- summary: A total of 31 FDA approved anti-HIV drugs, and Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) database were screened to find potential inhibitors. Literature mining was carried out to collect anti-HIV drugs for screening against 3CLpro (SARS-COV-2).
- keywords: 3clpro; active; anti; approach; average; binding; bonds; case; complexes; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; cys145; database; docking; drugs; dyad; dynamics; east; effects; electrostatic; energy; et al; experimentally; figure; free; his41; hiv; hydrogen; iii; important; infection; inhibitors; interactions; kcal; ligand; middle; mol; molecular; new; novel; potential; protease; protein; repurposing; residues; respiratory; results; rmsd; saquinavir; sars; score; screening; severe; simulation; site; stability; stable; strong; structure; study; syndrome; system; target; tcm5280805; time; total; treatment; virtual
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-278370-fuu20ae7
- author: Palao, M.
- title: Multiple Sclerosis following SARS-CoV-2 infection
- date: 2020-07-07
- words: 1547
- flesch: 39
- summary: Our own experience along with the animal models described earlier, reinforce the idea of SARS-CoV-2, as with other viral infections, being a trigger of neurological autoimmunity. In our case, the patient presented symptoms attributed to COVID-19 infection (anosmia and dysgeusia) prior to the visual manifestations.
- keywords: acuity; anosmia; case; cns; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; csf; demyelinating; disease; dysgeusia; evidence; infection; inflammatory; lesions; mri; multiple; nervous; neurological; optic; patient; right; sars; sclerosis; symptoms; system; viral; virus; visual
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-278522-e4qa19o6
- author: Park, Se Yoon
- title: Persistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection after resolution of coronavirus disease 2019-associated symptoms/signs
- date: 2020-06-19
- words: 1616
- flesch: 50
- summary: This case represents the longest duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection, and highlights the need for long-term follow up of COVID-19 patients despite resolution of symptoms to confirm SARS-CoV-2 clearance. This study was conducted at the Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, which is a 738-bed university-affiliated hospital with an eight-bed airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) for COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; disease; duration; gene; hospital; lee; longest; median; patients; range; resolution; respiratory; rna; sars; shedding; signs; study; symptoms; syndrome; time; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-278618-7tu5c7m1
- author: Romano-Bertrand, Sara
- title: Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols: Should we worry about airborne transmission?
- date: 2020-06-12
- words: 1340
- flesch: 37
- summary: key: cord-278618-7tu5c7m1 authors: Romano-Bertrand, Sara; Aho-Glele, Ludwig-Serge; Grandbastien, Bruno; Gehanno, Jean-François; Lepelletier, Didier title: Sustainability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols: Should we worry about airborne transmission? date: 2020-06-12 journal: J Hosp Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.018 sha: doc_id: 278618 cord_uid: 7tu5c7m1 nan SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted by respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces but the role of aerosol is debated. Models assessing viral infectivity in aerosols and droplets, focused mainly on influenza virus, showed that respiratory droplets, usually of size between 10 to 100μm at their emission, can rapidly shrink even more when poorly concentrated in organic substances, depending on humidity
- keywords: aerosols; agps; air; airborne; cov-2; covid-19; droplets; hcws; humidity; indoor; infection; infectivity; influenza; mask; particles; patient; respiratory; sars; size; study; surfaces; transmission; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-279105-e2zjxjox
- author: Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin
- title: Serological Approaches for COVID-19: Epidemiologic Perspective on Surveillance and Control
- date: 2020-04-24
- words: 3889
- flesch: 33
- summary: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies, on the other hand, can be present as early as 4 days pio, and peak after 17 days pio (10, 11) (Figure 2) . These findings indicate that SARS-CoV-specific antibodies targeting these discontinuous regions may not be able to cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 (3, 36) .
- keywords: acute; addition; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assays; cell; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; crucial; days; detection; diagnosis; disease; early; epitopes; figure; findings; human; igg; igm; immunoassays; individuals; infected; infection; mers; monoclonal; novel; patients; pcr; pio; protein; qrt; rapid; rbd; reactivity; reported; respiratory; response; rna; samples; sars; seroconversion; serological; serum; specific; spike; studies; study; subunit; syndrome; tests; use; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-279255-v861kk0i
- author: Dhama, Kuldeep
- title: Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19
- date: 2020-06-24
- words: 23944
- flesch: 36
- summary: Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein Animal models for SARS and MERS coronaviruses Recent advances in the vaccine development against Middle East respiratory syndromecoronavirus Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets A live attenuated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is immunogenic and efficacious in golden Syrian hamsters Animal models and vaccines for SARS-CoV infection Infection with MERS-CoV causes lethal pneumonia in the common marmoset Vaccines for the prevention against the threat of MERS-CoV Molecular basis of coronavirus virulence and vaccine development Mice transgenic for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 provide a model for SARS coronavirus infection Genetically engineering a susceptible mouse model for MERS-CoV-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Prospects for a MERS-CoV spike vaccine A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Replicative capacity of MERS coronavirus in livestock cell lines Entry of human coronavirus NL63 into the cell China's response to a novel coronavirus stands in stark contrast to the 2002 SARS outbreak response Novel coronavirus is putting the whole world on alert Early epidemiological analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak based on crowdsourced data: a population-level observational study Estimation of the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV and its implication for public health interventions The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus The progress of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) event in China Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study Response to the emerging novel coronavirus outbreak Potential for global spread of a novel coronavirus from China Novel coronavirus, poor quarantine, and the risk of pandemic Novel Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China, 2020: intense surveillance is vital for preventing sustained transmission in new locations Risk for transportation of 2019 novel coronavirus disease from Wuhan to other cities in China Infections without borders: a new coronavirus in Wuhan, China An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships-lessons to be learnt from Japan Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records A case of 2019 novel coronavirus in a pregnant woman with preterm delivery Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America Latin American Network of Coronavirus Disease 2019-COVID-19 Research (LANCOVID-19). CEPI to fund three programmes to develop vaccines against the novel coronavirus, nCoV-2019 Moderna announces funding award from CEPI to accelerate development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine against novel coronavirus Novel inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry that act by three distinct mechanisms Treatment with interferon-␣2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): challenges in identifying its source and controlling its spread COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern Coronavirusesdrug discovery and therapeutic options Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common Marmoset Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Towards a solution to MERS: protective human monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains and functions of the MERS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against MERScoronavirus spike protein Crossneutralization of SARS coronavirus-specific antibodies against bat SARS-like coronaviruses New coronavirus threat galvanizes scientists Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Cell-based antiviral screening against coronaviruses: developing virus-specific and broad-spectrum inhibitors Passive immunotherapy with dromedary immune serum in an experimental animal model for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systemic review Human transbodies that interfere with the functions of Ebola virus VP35 protein in genome replication and transcription and innate immune antagonism Inhibitors of RAS might be a good choice for the therapy of COVID-19 pneumonia Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture
- keywords: ace2; acid; activity; acute; advanced; agents; amino; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assessment; associated; asymptomatic; available; barrier; bat; bat sars; bats; betacoronavirus; binding; blood; broad; care; cases; cats; cause; cell; changes; characterization; chest; china; chinese; chloroquine; clinical; close; cluster; combination; common; contact; control; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; coronavirus infection; coronavirus outbreak; countries; cov infection; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 coronavirus; covid-19 infection; covid-19 outbreak; covid-19 patients; covid-19 pneumonia; covs; critical; cross; cruise; current; data; days; designing; detection; developing; development; diagnosis; different; disease; dogs; domain; drugs; early; east; ebola; effective; efficacy; efficient; efforts; emergence; entry; epidemic; epitopes; evidence; evolution; experience; fecal; ferrets; fig; findings; food; fusion; future; genetic; genome; genomic; global; glycoprotein; health; high; higher; host; human; human coronavirus; human transmission; hydroxychloroquine; hygiene; ideal; identification; ill; immune; increase; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibitors; initial; interaction; international; isolates; ivermectin; lack; later; level; like; live; load; lopinavir; lower; lung; mabs; major; management; manifestations; markets; measures; medicine; mers; mice; microbiology; middle; models; molecular; ncov; need; negative; neutralizing; new; novel; novel coronavirus; novel sars; nucleic; nucleocapsid; nucleotide; number; occurrence; oral; origin; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogens; patients; pcr; people; period; pigs; plasma; pneumonia; population; positive; possibility; possible; potential; practices; pregnant; present; prevention; previous; primary; protective; protein; public; range; rapid; rbd; real; recent; receptor; regions; remdesivir; replication; reports; research; reservoir; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; reviews; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; routes; samples; sars; sars coronavirus; sars outbreak; screening; sequence; severe; significant; similarity; single; small; species; specific; spectrum; spike; spillover; spread; stool; strains; strategies; strategy; structural; studies; study; substitutions; susceptible; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; target; test; therapeutic; therapy; threat; time; tract; transmission; treatment; trials; vaccine; veterinary; viral; viruses; vivo; wastewater; wet; wild; wildlife; workers; world; wuhan; years; zoonotic
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-279443-2e4gz2bo
- author: Khan, Suliman
- title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns
- date: 2020-06-09
- words: 4944
- flesch: 36
- summary: The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: biology and therapeutic options Development of animal models against emerging coronaviruses: from SARS to MERS coronavirus Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings Advice for the Public Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Impact of PD-1 blockade on severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness (Older Adults) Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn Team 2019-nCoV CDC response. Until now, researchers have unveiled some of the important biological and clinical features for COVID-19 infection, including the characterization of the whole genome (8) and spike glycoproteins (9) , investigation of clinical features and evaluation of different broad-spectrum antiviral drugs in combination with either antibacterial, antimalarial and/or traditional Chinese medicines (10) .
- keywords: ace2; animal; associated; asymptomatic; binding; cell; china; cleavage; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; development; disease; effective; entry; features; fusion; genomic; health; healthcare; higher; host; human; individuals; infected; infection; infectiousness; intermediate; measures; medical; membrane; mers; novel; options; origin; outbreak; pandemic; patients; people; pneumonia; polybasic; possible; prevention; protein; rate; rbd; receptor; research; respiratory; risk; role; sars; severe; source; spike; spread; strain; strategies; study; symptoms; syndrome; transmission; treatment; unknown; viral; work; world; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-279940-i2rgjpxf
- author: Comentale, Giuseppe
- title: Sars-Cov-2 interference in HEME production: is it the time for an early predictive biomarker?
- date: 2020-06-29
- words: 1351
- flesch: 36
- summary: a meta-analysis COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and followup Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients The versatile heparin in COVID-19 Will complement inhibition be the new target in treating COVID-19 related systemic thrombosis? This hypothesis is confirmed using clinical and autoptic evidence of diffuse arterial and vein thrombosis among Covid-19 patients [6] who benefit greatly from anticoagulant therapy [7] .
- keywords: ala; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; diffuse; disease; early; failure; ferritin; group; heme; high; increase; infection; iron; levels; mechanisms; mortality; new; particular; patients; porphobilinogen; production; respiratory; response; sars; thrombosis; treatment; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-280068-rszu1c48
- author: Twomey, Julianne D.
- title: COVID-19 update: The race to therapeutic development
- date: 2020-10-24
- words: 6208
- flesch: 26
- summary: Heparin, previously approved as a blood thinner, was originally used in COVID-19 clinical trials to limit lung injury and prevent blood clot formation (Ayerbe et al., 2020; . We highlight two major lines of therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment: 1) repurposing the existing drugs for use in COVID-19 patients, such as antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir) and immunomodulators (e.g., dexamethasone) which were previously approved for other disease conditions, and 2) novel biological products that are designed to target specific molecules that are involved in SARS-COV-2 viral entry, including neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein of SARS-COV-2, such as REGN-COV2 (an antibody cocktail) and LY-COV555, as well as recombinant human soluble ACE2 protein to counteract SARS-COV-2 binding to the transmembrane ACE2 receptor in target cells.
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; administration; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; associated; binding; block; cells; clinical; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; development; dexamethasone; disease; domain; drugs; emergency; entry; enzyme; et al; fda; food; fusion; hcq; health; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; igm; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibitor; injury; interaction; levels; like; lung; mechanisms; molecule; national; neutralizing; novel; organization; patients; pneumonia; potential; products; protease; protein; r n; rdrp; receptor; recombinant; recovery; release; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; response; results; review; rhsace2; rna; sars; severe; small; soluble; spike; spike protein; spread; strategies; structural; study; syndrome; system; table; target; therapeutic; therapies; treatment; trial; type; u.s; use; viral; virus; world
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- cord-280662-gakayv6e
- author: Bian, Jingwei
- title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator
- date: 2020-10-13
- words: 5289
- flesch: 34
- summary: A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection AGTR2, one possible novel key gene for the entry of 2019-nCoV into human cells Expression of genes coding for selected amino acid transporters in small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle of pigs fed excess branched-chain amino acids SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor A recombinant VSV-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in rhesus monkeys after single dose immunization Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Regulated internalization of caveolae Lipid rafts are involved in SARS-CoV entry into Vero E6 cells TMPRSS2 contributes to virus spread and immunopathology in the airways of murine models after coronavirus infection Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in mammals-hardware, concepts, and recent developments Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations Angiotensin II induced proteolytic cleavage of myocardial ACE2 is mediated by TACE/ADAM-17: a positive feedback mechanism in the RAS Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure: relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes Renin-angiotensin system and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cardiovascular functions Fiend and friend in the renin angiotensin system: an insight on acute kidney injury Angiotensin II receptor subtypes and cardiac function AT2 receptors in cardiovascular and renal diseases Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease Drug discovery in renin-angiotensin system intervention: past and future Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase /MAS For example, ACE2 protein is abundantly expressed in the lung and heart which are the vulnerable organs for SARS-CoV-2 33 .
- keywords: ace2; acei; acid; acute; adam17; addition; amino; angiotensin; at1; binding; cardiovascular; cd147; cells; clathrin; complex; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dependent; disease; domain; endocytosis; entry; enzyme; example; expression; fig; functional; fusion; heart; homodimer; host; human; hypertension; important; increase; infection; key; kidney; lung; mechanisms; membrane; modes; myocardial; novel; organs; patients; present; protein; ras; receptor; renin; respiratory; risk; role; sars; severe; shedding; sign; soluble; spike; structure; syndrome; system; tmprss2; transmembrane; viral; virus
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- cord-280774-r2xm164s
- author: Gallizzi, Romina
- title: Management of pernio‐like cutaneous manifestations in children during the outbreak of covid‐19.
- date: 2020-09-19
- words: 2085
- flesch: 40
- summary: Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients A clinical, histopathological and laboratory study of 19 consecutive Italian paediatric patients with chilblain-like lesions: lights and shadows on the relationship with COVID-19 infection Diversity of clinical appearance of cutaneous manifestations in the course of COVID-19 The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures Type I interferons (a/b) in immunity and autoimmunity COVID-19) infection-induced chilblains: A case report with histopathologic findings COVID-19 a proteiform disease inducing also molecular mimicry phenomena? Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: A case report COVID-19 and molecular mimicry: The Columbus' egg? Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory pacemaker neurons Molecular mimicry may explain multi-organ damage in COVID-19 Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease Leukocytoclastic vasculitis LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS aCL: anti-cardiolipin antibodies AIFM: Apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial ANA: antinuclear antibodies anti-β2GP1: anti β-2-glycoprotein1 antibodies aPL: antiphospholipid antibodies C3a: complement factor 3 anaphylotoxin C5a: complement factor 5 anaphylotoxin CBC: Skin lesions observed were purplish, erythematous and oedematous, in some cases painful and itchy.
- keywords: article; cases; chilblains; children; clinical; cold; copyright; correlation; covid-19; cutaneous; diagnosis; dimer; disease; erythematous; increased; infection; lesions; like; manifestations; mild; mimicry; molecular; negative; outbreak; patients; pernio; positive; positivity; respiratory; rights; sars; sars‐cov‐2; serology; skin; study; swab; symptoms; tests
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- cord-280821-kc0ut4oy
- author: Venturini, Elisabetta
- title: Treatment of children with COVID-19: position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease
- date: 2020-09-24
- words: 5485
- flesch: 38
- summary: At present, few clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment involving children are ongoing [8] . Currently, American guidelines on COVID-19 treatment published in May 2020, recommend both in children and adults to use lopinavir/ritonavir only in the context of clinical trials, given the lack of effectiveness reported now in literature [9, 12] .
- keywords: activity; acute; adults; age; anakinra; antiviral; assessment; associated; available; azithromycin; care; case; children; chinese; clinical; combination; committee; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; days; dimer; disease; dosage; drug; early; efficacy; evidence; fda; fever; guidelines; health; high; hydroxychloroquine; il-6; infection; inflammatory; infusion; italian; life; literature; lopinavir; lower; management; mild; mortality; national; new; non; novel; observational; ongoing; patients; pediatric; pneumonia; possible; remdesivir; respiratory; results; risk; ritonavir; sars; scientific; sepsis; severe; society; start; storm; studies; study; suggested; symptoms; syndrome; therapeutic; therapy; tocilizumab; treatment; trial; use
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- cord-281281-knelqmzx
- author: Villas-Boas, Gustavo R.
- title: The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents
- date: 2020-09-07
- words: 15802
- flesch: 36
- summary: Spike features determining 'host jump' of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and beyond The spike protein of SARS-CoV-A target for vaccine and therapeutic development Cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in Humans T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV Canine coronavirus highly pathogenic for dogs Experimental infection of dogs with a novel strain of canine coronavirus causing systemic disease and lymphopenia Prolonged depletion of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and acute monocytosis after pantropic canine coronavirus infection in dogs Canine Coronavirus: Not Only an Enteric Pathogen Molecular characterization of HLJ-073, a recombinant canine coronavirus strain from China with an ORF3abc deletion Genotypic Characterization of Canine Coronaviruses Associated with Fatal Canine Neonatal Enteritis in the United States Natural history of a recurrent feline coronavirus infection and the role of cellular immunity in survival and disease Acquisition of macrophage tropism during the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis is determined by mutations in the feline coronavirus spike protein An update on canine coronaviruses: Viral evolution and pathobiology Epstein-Barr virus-Specific CD8+ T cells that re-express CD45RA are apoptosis-resistant memory cells that retain replicative potential Decreased CCR5 expression on CD4+ T Cells of SIV-Infected sooty mangabeys Expression of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2 Immunity after natural exposure to enteric canine coronavirus does not provide complete protection against infection with the new pantropic CB/05 strain The Thymus Is a Common Target Organ Articles Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding First Cases of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Brazil, South America (2 Genomes The origins of bioinformatics Multiple sequence alignment modeling: Despite little understanding about the pathophysiology and high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early studies have shown that increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum (e.g., (interleukin IL) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-γ (IFNγ), Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10), and monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1)) were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- keywords: ace2; action; activation; acute; addition; agents; analysis; animals; anti; antiviral; available; bats; bcov; binding; bioinformatics; canine; ccov; cell; china; chinese; clinical; common; complement; compounds; computational; corel; coreldraw; coronavirus; corporation; cov-2; covid-19; covs; crucial; cytokine; data; databases; design; developed; development; different; discovery; disease; domain; drugs; effective; envelope; enzyme; essential; evidence; example; fcov; feline; figure; fusion; genetic; genomes; genomic; glycoprotein; group; hcov; health; high; homology; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; image; immune; immunity; important; infected; infection; inflammatory; information; inhibitors; injury; innate; interaction; knowledge; known; like; lung; main; material; mechanisms; membrane; mers; modeling; models; molecular; molecules; natural; ncov; new; novel; oc43; origin; outbreak; pathogenesis; patients; person; phylogenetic; pneumonia; possible; potential; present; previous; process; protease; proteins; recent; receptor; regions; replication; research; researchers; respiratory; response; responsible; results; review; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; screening; sequence; severe; similar; software; species; specific; spike; spread; strategy; structural; studies; study; syndrome; system; target; therapeutic; time; tools; transmission; treatment; type; understanding; vaccines; viral; virtual; viruses; wild; work
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- cord-281529-2rec51xg
- author: Haagmans, Bart L
- title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation
- date: 2013-12-17
- words: 4037
- flesch: 51
- summary: Global Alert and Response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update Ecology, evolution and classifi cation of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS Close relative of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bat Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012-related viruses in bats, Ghana and Europe Genetic characterization of betacoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats revealed marked sequence divergence in the spike protein of pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 in Japanese pipistrelle: implications on the origin of the novel Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Human coronavirus EMC does not require the SARS-coronavirus receptor and maintains broad replicative capability in mammalian cell lines Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Transmission scenarios for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and how to tell them apart Recovery from severe novel coronavirus infection Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt Alert and Response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update Alert and Response (GAR): novel coronavirus infection-update Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Assays for laboratory confi rmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building Specifi c serology for emerging human coronaviruses by protein microarray Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bats, Saudi Arabia MERS coronavirus: data gaps for laboratory preparedness We thank WHO and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for their generous help in organisation of the study, Theo Bestebroer for providing Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus specifi c primer sets, Berend Jan Bosch for providing antigens for the microarray, and Jeroen Cremer for technical support. Viral sequences from the two human cases were isolated (with the same techniques as for camel cases) in the Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK.
- keywords: analysis; animal; antibodies; assay; bat; camel_mers; camels; cases; cells; confi; contact; coronavirus; cov; data; diff; dromedary; east; emc; erent; farm; fragment; gene; gure; health; human; infected; infection; isolate; laboratory; mers; middle; min; netherlands; nose; novel; oct; orf1a; outbreak; pcr; people; positive; presence; qatar; report; reported; respiratory; rmed; rna; samples; sequences; sequencing; serum; severe; specifi; spike; study; swabs; syndrome; upe; viral
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- cord-281679-xmbnpawj
- author: Meekins, David A.
- title: Susceptibility of swine cells and domestic pigs to SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-08-16
- words: 3412
- flesch: 40
- summary: In the current study, we determined the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to (i) replicate in porcine cell lines, (ii) establish infection in domestic pigs via experimental oral/intranasal/intratracheal inoculation, and (iii) transmit to co-housed naive sentinel pigs. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that includes the pathogenic human viruses SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV
- keywords: ace2; animal; blood; cats; cell; clinical; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; different; disease; domestic; dpc; evidence; experimental; human; infected; infection; inoculated; inoculation; intranasal; intratracheal; lines; lung; model; novel; oral; origin; pandemic; pathogenesis; pigs; porcine; pre; present; principal; replication; respiratory; review; rna; samples; sars; sentinel; significant; species; studies; study; susceptibility; susceptible; swine; syndrome; tissue; transmission; usa; viral; zoonotic
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- cord-281684-m3m4mhye
- author: Fagre, Anna C.
- title: A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that reduces viral burden and disease severity in Syrian hamsters
- date: 2020-09-28
- words: 3726
- flesch: 32
- summary: respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD mutants that enhance viral infectivity through increased human ACE2 receptor binding affinity Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirusspecific human monoclonal antibody Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients' B cells Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor binding site of SARS-CoV-2 Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters Identification of oxidative stress and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: a role for Nox2? Prospects for the use of regulators of oxidative stress in the comprehensive treatment of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications Is macrophages heterogeneity important in determining COVID-19 lethality? We identified a panel of human monoclonal antibody clones from a yeast display library with specificity to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain that neutralized the virus in vitro.
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; assay; avgn; binding; cells; china; clinical; clone; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; domain; dpi; estimates; fatality; fig; fusion; hamsters; hematoxylin; human; induced; infection; infiltration; isolated; key; load; lung; macrophages; model; monoclonal; monocyte; mortality; neutralization; neutralizing; novel; patients; plates; pneumonia; potent; protein; rates; rbd; rbm; receptor; respiratory; sars; sections; severe; severity; spike; structure; studies; study; syndrome; syrian; tissue; treatment; variants; viral
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- cord-282058-it0ojdk3
- author: Yu, Yuanqiang
- title: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Neonates and Children From China: A Review
- date: 2020-05-15
- words: 7506
- flesch: 41
- summary: (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention SARS-CoV-2 infection in children Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Report of the first cases of mother and infant infections with 2019 novel coronavirus in Xinyang City Henan Province SARS-CoV-2 infection with gastrointestinal symptoms as the first manifestation in a neonate Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 Pneumonia Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study Preliminary prediction of the basic reproduction number of the Wuhan novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV Estimation of the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV and its implication for public health interventions The progress of 2019 novel coronavirus event in China Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak Initial public health response and interim clinical guidance for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak -United States US emergency legal responses to novel coronavirus: balancing public health and civil liberties Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in malayan pangolins Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Emerging respiratory infections: the infectious disease pathology of SARS, MERS, pandemic influenza, and Legionella Diarrhoea may be underestimated: a missing link in 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women? However, at least five neonates born to COVID-19 pregnant women tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (23, 26, 27) .
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; addition; adults; articles; better; birth; cases; characteristics; chest; children; china; chinese; clinical; confirmed; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; early; epidemic; evidence; family; features; fever; gastrointestinal; health; human; ill; infants; infected; infection; management; maternal; medical; mers; mild; mothers; ncov; negative; neonatal; neonates; newborns; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleic; old; outbreak; outcome; patients; pcr; pediatric; perinatal; pharyngeal; plan; pneumonia; population; positive; possible; potential; pregnancy; pregnant; prevention; public; report; research; respiratory; results; review; risk; sars; severe; similar; specimens; spread; study; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; tests; transmission; treatment; trimester; use; vertical; women; wuhan; year
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- cord-282142-76jr4p7n
- author: Wang, Yun
- title: Potential Effect of COVID-19 on Maternal and Infant Outcome: Lesson From SARS
- date: 2020-08-07
- words: 5514
- flesch: 38
- summary: Arch Dis Childh Fetal Neonatal Ed Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS in newborns and children Clinical analysis of pregnancy in second and third trimesters complicated severe acute respiratory syndrome A case-controlled study comparing clinical course and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS and pregnancy: a case report SARS during pregnancy, United States Severe acute respiratory syndrome in pregnancy Infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome The placentas of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a pathophysiological evaluation Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia Single-cell RNAsequencing analysis identifies host long noncoding RNA MAMDC2-AS1 as a co-factor for HSV-1 nuclear transport A pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Central America Detection of specific antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein for serodiagnosis of SARS coronavirus pneumonia Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in china Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women? Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records Potential maternal and infant outcomes from (Wuhan) coronavirus 2019-nCoV infecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
- keywords: ace2; acute; amniotic; antibodies; antibody; barrier; blood; breast; cases; characteristics; child; china; clinical; control; cord; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; delivery; effect; epidemic; evidence; fetal; high; human; igm; infant; infection; inflammatory; intrauterine; management; maternal; milk; mother; ncov; negative; neonatal; neonates; newborn; non; note; novel; outcomes; patients; pcr; placenta; pneumonia; positive; possibility; potential; pregnancy; pregnant; pregnant women; respiratory; results; samples; sars; severe; specific; specimens; studies; study; syndrome; transmission; vaginal; vertical; women
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- cord-282338-u01qv3uc
- author: Cherry, James. D.
- title: The chronology of the 2002–2003 SARS mini pandemic
- date: 2004-11-05
- words: 3530
- flesch: 49
- summary: Eighty-seven per cent of all probably SARS cases occurred in Hong Kong or China and information relating to these cases in presented elsewhere in this symposium. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 World Health Organization.
- keywords: acute; alternative; antibody; case; cdc; china; clinical; close; contact; coronavirus; countries; cov; criteria; days; diagnosis; disease; epidemiologic; exposure; february; healthcare; hong; human; illness; kong; laboratory; onset; organization; pandemic; patients; person; probable; recent; respiratory; sars; severe; singapore; suspect; symptoms; syndrome; transmission; travel; workers; world
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- cord-283709-y59h5bw8
- author: Chan, Renee W Y
- title: Tropism and replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract: an in-vitro and ex-vivo study
- date: 2014-08-28
- words: 4865
- flesch: 47
- summary: The similarity of virus tropism and replication competence of human and dromedary MERS-CoV from the Arabian peninsula, and genetically diverse dromedary viruses from Egypt, in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract suggests that dromedary viruses from Saudi Arabia and Egypt are probably infectious to human beings. Full genome sequences of dromedary viruses suggest that these viruses are similar to viruses in humans.
- keywords: ah13; ah19d; analysis; appendix; arabia; beings; bronchus; calu-3; camels; cells; chemokine; clade; competence; coronavirus; cov; cultures; cytokine; data; diff; dromedary; dromedary mers; east; effi; egypt; emc; evidence; experiments; gure; health; hku270; human; human mers; infected; infection; infl; isolates; line; lung; mers; middle; nrce; peninsula; post; protein; replication; reported; respiratory; saudi; similar; strains; study; syndrome; tissue; tract; tropism; vero; viral; virus; viruses; vivo
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- cord-283956-zgrtux7i
- author: Amin, Sk. Abdul
- title: Fight against novel coronavirus: A perspective of medicinal chemists
- date: 2020-06-12
- words: 5115
- flesch: 47
- summary: SKP2 attenuates autophagy through Beclin1-ubiquitination and its inhibition reduces MERS-Coronavirus infection Endoribonuclease from SARS CoV-2. The crystal structure of papainlike protease of SARS CoV-2 6W9C Deposited It is a challenging task to identify effective anti-COVID-19 drugs urgently.
- keywords: ace2; activity; agents; amino; analysis; anti; antiviral; binding; bioinformatics; cell; chloroquine; compounds; computational; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; crystal; derivative; design; development; discovery; docking; domain; drug; entry; envelope; fda; figure; hcov; host; human; hydrogen; identification; infection; inhibitors; interactions; like; medicinal; membrane; mers; molecular; molecules; mpro; native; ncov; new; non; novel; nucleocapsid; outbreak; pandemic; potential; protease; protein; rdrp; receptor; remdesivir; replication; repurposing; research; respiratory; rna; sars; screening; sequence; severe; site; small; specific; spike; structure; studies; study; target; terminal; therapeutic; viral; virtual; viruses; vitro; work
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- cord-283966-eln8ljjj
- author: Meyer, Benjamin
- title: Antibodies against MERS Coronavirus in Dromedary Camels, United Arab Emirates, 2003 and 2013
- date: 2014-04-17
- words: 4028
- flesch: 42
- summary: To characterize reactivity of camel serum samples with MERS-CoV in different assay formats, we chose 11 camel serum samples with weak and strong reactivity predetermined by using a simple IFA. Typical patterns of reactivity observed for camel serum samples are shown in the Figure, panel A. A previously published microarray-based assay that used the receptor-binding S1 spike subunit of MERS-CoV (MERS-S1), human CoV-OC43 (OC43-S1), and SARS-CoV (SARS-S1) was also evaluated.
- keywords: animals; antibodies; antibody; arab; arabian; assays; available; bats; bcov; betacoronavirus; camelids; camels; cases; collection; conspecific; coronavirus; cov; covs; cross; different; dilutions; dromedaries; dromedary; east; emirates; fecal; germany; high; human; infected; infection; mers; microarray; middle; neutralization; neutralizing; oc43; positive; protein; reactivity; related; research; respiratory; results; rifa; rna; samples; sars; serologic; serum; serum samples; species; specific; spike; studies; study; syndrome; table; titers; transmission; united; viruses
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- cord-284068-sbon3aes
- author: Mok, Chee Keng
- title: Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, is a promising candidate for COVID-19 prophylaxis
- date: 2020-06-22
- words: 1803
- flesch: 33
- summary: Using this method, we identified 31 compounds from the pre-infection treatment screen and 90 compounds from the post-infection treatment screen with activity against SARS-CoV-2 (Table S4) . To expand this arsenal, we screened 4 compound libraries: a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug library, an angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) targeted compound library, a flavonoid compound library as well as a natural product library.
- keywords: ace2; activity; associated; calcitriol; cells; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; drug; fda; fig; host; huh7; infection; influenza; library; line; pandemic; post; potential; primary; prophylaxis; sars; screen; table; therapies; treatment; vero; viral; vitamin
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- cord-284498-54j6ys8s
- author: Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah
- title: Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities
- date: 2020-10-16
- words: 5704
- flesch: 40
- summary: Although the major transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are through respiratory droplets and direct contact [3] [4] [5] , recent studies have reported the presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated and treated wastewater and human feces [3, [6] A recent study reported that there is a negative correlation between sunlight UV dose and percent positive of SARS-CoV-2 [117] .
- keywords: analysis; applications; april; aquatic; aqueous; assessment; bodies; challenges; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; decay; detection; development; different; disease; disinfectants; disinfection; drinking; early; effective; environment; epidemiology; essential; fate; february; fecal; field; future; health; hospital; human; imperative; inactivation; major; march; mechanism; monitoring; municipal; nanomaterials; need; new; novel; opportunities; oral; outbreak; pandemic; plants; possible; potential; presence; public; quality; quantification; quantitative; recent; removal; research; risk; rna; samples; sars; severe; sewage; sources; spread; studies; study; surveillance; survival; systems; techniques; transmission; treatment; untreated; use; useful; viral; virus; viruses; wastewater; workers; wwtps
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- cord-284589-j1609xlu
- author: Sedova, Mayya
- title: Coronavirus3D: 3D structural visualization of COVID-19 genomic divergence
- date: 2020-05-29
- words: 1304
- flesch: 46
- summary: While there are no confirmed clinical differences between SARS-CoV-2 from different clades, the ongoing growth of the number of mutations create a high demand for the systematic analysis of nonsynonymous mutations and their possible influence on the COVID-19 pandemics. As the COVID-19 pandemics is spreading around the world, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is evolving with mutations that potentially change and fine-tune functions of the proteins coded in its genome.
- keywords: analysis; available; complex; coronavirus3d; cov-2; covid-19; data; figure; functions; genomic; information; lower; models; mutations; pdb; proteins; regions; sars; server; structure; users; virus
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- cord-284867-p4jgyusp
- author: Schöler, Lara
- title: A Novel In-Cell ELISA Assay Allows Rapid and Automated Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 to Analyze Neutralizing Antibodies and Antiviral Compounds
- date: 2020-10-09
- words: 4356
- flesch: 35
- summary: In addition to its genetic similarity, SARS-CoV-2 not only shares some clinical characteristics with SARS-CoV-1 (4) but also exhibits some highly relevant particularities such as an increased spreading efficacy and the length of the course of disease (5) . However, to our knowledge, these assays rely on laborious microscopic counting of virus plaques or antibody-stained foci by trained personnel (20) (21) (22) or on genetically modified viruses such as transgenic SARS-CoV-2 mutants (23) or pseudo-typed viruses [e.g., vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)] expressing the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 (24, 25) .
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; antiviral; applicable; assay; automated; capacity; cells; compounds; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; departments; detection; diagnostics; different; dilutions; disease; doses; essen; figure; graded; hcov; high; human; icelisa; icnt; immunity; infected; infection; medical; nabs; neutralization; neutralizing; novel; p.i; pandemic; patients; pfu; plasma; prnt; protein; quantification; rapid; replication; respiratory; responses; samples; sars; secondary; sera; serum; severe; signal; specific; standard; supplementary; syndrome; test; vaccine; vero; virus; viruses; vtkl
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- cord-285168-qkadqohe
- author: Delatorre, Edson
- title: Tracking the onset date of the community spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Western Countries
- date: 2020-04-23
- words: 2552
- flesch: 44
- summary: (10) These results suggest that early community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe could have been fueled by the rapid dissemination of few regional clades. (23) Hence, the estimates presented here should be closer to the upper limit of the likely time range when virus community transmission has started.
- keywords: april; available; cases; community; control; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; cumulative; data; date; deaths; early; epidemic; europe; february; infection; january; license; measures; medrxiv; new; number; onset; preprint; sars; spread; time; transmission; weeks; western
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- cord-286269-vrjyj2y1
- author: Sagheb, Setareh
- title: Two seriously ill neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia- a case report
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 2782
- flesch: 57
- summary: Furthermore, another study conducted on a limited number of patients showed a high level of SARS-COV-2 IgM in neonates born from COVID-19 infected mothers within 2 first hours of their birth [7] , which may indicate infection transmission from mother to fetus. It was reported that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) similar to SARS-COV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-COV), does not have vertical transmission from mother diagnosed with COVID-19 infection to her fetus
- keywords: baby; birth; case; chest; china; clinical; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; date; days; early; fever; high; hydroxychloroquine; infected; infection; laboratory; meq; mothers; negative; neonates; normal; onset; patients; pcr; positive; ray; respiratory; results; sars; severe; symptoms; test; time; transmission; treatment; vertical
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- cord-286298-pn9nwl64
- author: Helmy, Yosra A.
- title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control
- date: 2020-04-24
- words: 9320
- flesch: 44
- summary: The other third of SARS CoV-2 includes four genes (in green) that encode four structural proteins (S, M, E, N), and six accessory genes (in blue) that encode six accessory proteins (orf3a, orf6, orf7a, orf7b, orf8, and orf10). While the SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit was conserved, the S1 subunit shares an overall 70% identity with those of bat and human SARS-CoV.
- keywords: 2019; acid; activity; acute; addition; amino; analysis; animals; antiviral; associated; asymptomatic; available; bat; bat sars; bats; binding; cases; cells; chest; china; clinical; close; contact; control; coronavirus; countries; course; cov-2; covid-19; covs; data; days; deaths; detection; diagnosis; disease; droplets; drugs; early; epidemiology; evolution; factors; fecal; figure; future; genes; genome; ggo; global; health; high; host; human; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; interferon; isolated; january; japan; like; lopinavir; lung; measures; mers; molecular; ncov; novel; novel coronavirus; number; orf1ab; origin; outbreak; pandemic; patients; pcr; people; period; person; phylogenetic; pneumonia; positive; potential; prevention; protein; public; receptor; recombination; researchers; respiratory; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; samples; sars; sequences; severe; single; spike; spread; structural; study; substitutions; symptoms; syndrome; table; time; transmission; treatment; tree; viral; viruses; wuhan; years
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- cord-286683-mettlmhz
- author: Ortiz-Prado, Esteban
- title: Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review
- date: 2020-05-30
- words: 13331
- flesch: 37
- summary: medRxiv Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19 Potential presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions RIG-I in RNA virus recognition RNA recognition and signal transduction by RIG-I-like receptors Recognition of viral single-stranded RNA by Toll-like receptors Mechanisms of innate immune evasion in re-emerging RNA viruses Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections Immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infections: implications for SARS Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology Middle East respiratory syndrome Interaction of SARS and MERS coronaviruses with the antiviral interferon response SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome MERS-CoV infection in humans is associated with a pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cytokine profile Interleukin-1 receptor blockade is associated with reduced mortality in sepsis patients with features of the macrophage activation syndrome: Re-analysis of a prior Phase III trial A multicenter, randomized controlled trial for the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Three recent examples of these viral jumps include SARS CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS CoV-2 virus.
- keywords: ace2; acute; acute respiratory; ade; adults; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; ards; assays; asymptomatic; available; binding; cancer; care; cases; cause; cells; characteristics; children; china; clinical; common; community; containment; context; convalescent; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; coronavirus infection; countries; cov-2; covid-19; critically; cytokine; data; days; detection; developed; development; diagnosis; different; disease; distress; early; east; effect; efficacy; emergency; epidemiological; evidence; expression; factors; failure; features; findings; general; genome; global; glycoprotein; group; hand; health; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; ill; illness; images; immune; immunity; important; individuals; infected; infection; influenza; injury; intensive; j o; like; long; low; lung; macrophages; main; management; masks; measures; membrane; memory; mers; middle; mild; moderate; mortality; ncov; need; new; non; novel; novel coronavirus; outbreak; pandemic; pathogen; patients; pcr; people; period; phase; plasma; pneumonia; population; potential; pregnancy; pregnant; presentation; production; proinflammatory; protease; protective; protein; r n; randomized; rapid; real; recent; receptor; recognition; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; results; review; risk; rna; safety; sars; sensitivity; serological; severe; severe acute; severe covid-19; severity; shedding; shock; specific; spike; spread; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; systematic; table; target; term; testing; tests; therapeutic; therapy; time; transmission; treatment; trial; type; u r; use; vaccine; ventilation; viral; viruses; women; world; wuhan; years; york
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- cord-287501-7it4kh0e
- author: Roh, Changhyun
- title: A facile inhibitor screening of SARS coronavirus N protein using nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide
- date: 2012-05-03
- words: 2965
- flesch: 38
- summary: key: cord-287501-7it4kh0e authors: Roh, Changhyun title: A facile inhibitor screening of SARS coronavirus N protein using nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide date: 2012-05-03 journal: Int J Nanomedicine DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31379 sha: doc_id: 287501 cord_uid: 7it4kh0e Hundreds of million people worldwide have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and the rate of global death from SARS has remarkably increased. Quantitative and sensitive detection of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein using quantum dots-conjugated RNA aptamer on chip Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome The spike protein of SARS-CoV -a target for vaccine and therapeutic development Are drugs for SARS on the horizon? Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS):
- keywords: -)-catechin; -)-gallocatechin; activity; acute; affinity; anti; biochip; cell; coli; compounds; concentration; conjugated; coronavirus; cov; cov n; detection; figure; gallate; high; human; inhibitor; intensity; minutes; n protein; nanoparticle; novel; nucleocapsid; oligonucleotide; optical; patients; pcr; platform; polyphenolic; protein; qds; respiratory; rna; rna oligonucleotide; sars; screening; sequence; severe; specific; syndrome; target; tea
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- cord-287658-c2lljdi7
- author: Lopez-Rincon, Alejandro
- title: Classification and Specific Primer Design for Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Deep Learning
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 4786
- flesch: 46
- summary: These methods rely on the assumption that cDNA sequences share common features, and their order prevails among different sequences 19, 20 . We then validate the discovered sequences on datasets not used during the training of the CNN, and show how to exploit them to create a novel, highly informative set of sequence features (e.g. viral sequences).
- keywords: accuracy; analysis; appearance; available; bps; cdc; cdna; china; classification; cnn; convolutional; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; dataset; deep; design; detection; diagnostic; different; disease; example; features; fig; filter; frequency; genome; genomic; gisaid; human; layer; learning; max; methods; ncbi; negative; network; ngdc; novel; pcr; pooling; primer; procedure; reference; repository; results; rna; samples; sars; sequences; set; sets; similar; specific; strains; table; testing; time; validation; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-287758-da11ypiy
- author: Mônica Vitalino de Almeida, Sinara
- title: COVID-19 therapy: what weapons do we bring into battle?
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 17493
- flesch: 35
- summary: More preclinical and clinical studies are required to prove whether dasatinib is really promising for COVID-19 patient treatment. SBV is also combined with other antiviral drugs, such as ledipasvir, velpatasvir and voxilaprevir.
- keywords: 3cl; ace2; acid; action; active; activities; activity; acute; addition; adverse; affinity; agents; alternative; analogue; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; antiviral activity; arbidol; arthritis; assays; authors; baricitinib; best; better; binding; biological; bond; broad; cancer; captopril; cells; cellular; characteristics; chronic; class; clinical; combination; combined; complex; compounds; control; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; cytokine; darunavir; data; days; dependent; derivatives; development; different; discovery; disease; disulfiram; dna; docking; doses; drug; ebola; effective; effects; efficacy; emetine; entry; enzyme; essential; evaluation; expression; extreme; factor; fda; fever; fig; form; formation; fusion; gcv; glycoprotein; group; growth; gsv; hcq; helicase; hepatitis; high; hiv-1; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; imatinib; immune; important; increase; individuals; indole; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibited; inhibitor; inhibits; interactions; interferon; investigations; ivermectin; kinase; life; likely; line; lopinavir; low; main; management; mechanism; medicinal; medicine; membrane; mers; middle; mlt; model; modelling; molecular; molecule; mortality; ncov; necessary; nelfinavir; new; nitazoxanide; non; novel; ntz; nuclear; nucleoside; oral; pandemic; patients; plasma; pneumonia; polymerase; position; possible; potential; present; pro; process; production; promising; protease; protein; pyrimidine; randomized; rate; rbd; rdrp; rdv; recent; receptor; related; remdesivir; replication; reported; repurposing; research; residues; respiratory; results; review; ribavirin; ring; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; safety; sars; sars coronavirus; scientific; severe; significant; silico; similar; site; small; sofosbuvir; specific; spectrum; spike; strategies; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; synthesis; system; systematic; targets; tests; tfv; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; transcription; transmission; treatment; trials; tyrosine; use; useful; vaccines; valganciclovir; viral; viral replication; viruses; vivo
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- cord-287847-rmhvc5n5
- author: Miles, Brett A.
- title: Tracheostomy during SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: Recommendations from the New York Head and Neck Society
- date: 2020-04-20
- words: 3463
- flesch: 23
- summary: The effectiveness of the N95 mask in the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection during tracheostomy procedures remains unknown, but given the high risk and the reported size of thevirus ranging from 70-90 nm, consideration for power air-purifying respirator (PAPR) systems for personnel performing tracheostomy should be entertained. The rapid rise in endotracheal intubations coupled with prolonged ventilation requirements will certainly lead to an increase in tracheostomy procedures in the coming weeks and months.
- keywords: active; acute; airway; appropriate; available; care; cases; clinical; closed; consideration; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cuff; data; detection; dilational; endotracheal; head; health; health care; high; ill; infected; infection; institutional; intubation; load; management; neck; novel; pandemic; papr; patients; percutaneous; pressure; procedures; prolonged; providers; pulmonary; rapid; respiratory; risk; sars; setting; severe; situation; stenosis; syndrome; team; techniques; tracheal; tracheostomy; ultrasound; unique; ventilation; viral
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- cord-288484-qy619tfg
- author: Bernard‐Valnet, R.
- title: Two patients with acute meningoencephalitis concomitant with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
- date: 2020-05-30
- words: 1144
- flesch: 35
- summary: To conclude, we report the first temporal association between acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and aseptic encephalitis with focal neurological symptoms and signs. We report here two patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 who presented with neurological symptoms and signs.
- keywords: acute; anti; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; csf; encephalitis; infection; like; meningoencephalitis; negative; neurological; patients; pneumonia; presentation; receptor; report; respiratory; sars; signs; symptoms; syndrome; table; viral
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- cord-288731-x2cwyvb7
- author: Puenpa, Jiratchaya
- title: Molecular epidemiology of the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Thailand in 2020
- date: 2020-10-06
- words: 4217
- flesch: 53
- summary: Eight of the patients had pneumonia, and 7 of the samples from these 8 patients were SARS-CoV-2 type T. One patient with type T SARS-CoV-2 required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Available at Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2: implications for clinicians and researchers A single center observational study of the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of 20 kidney transplant patients admitted for SARS-CoV2 pneumonia Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the EU/EEA and the UK -eight update Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for disease control and prevention Cross-country comparison of case fatality rates of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2.
- keywords: acute; analysis; available; bangkok; boxing; cases; china; clinical; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; current; data; disease; factors; fig; genetic; genome; group; health; human; infection; january; march; mers; nightclub; nucleotide; outbreak; patients; pcr; period; phylogenetic; pneumonia; positive; present; public; reported; respiratory; samples; sars; sequences; severe; situation; specimens; stadium; study; syndrome; thailand; transmission; type; variation; venues; viral; wave; wuhan
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- cord-289407-8fje16z1
- author: Moore, G.
- title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 within the healthcare environment: a multicentre study conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak in England
- date: 2020-09-25
- words: 4723
- flesch: 48
- summary: [19] [20] [21] The detection of viral RNA in air samples differs with study with some reporting widespread airborne contamination 14, 18, 21 but many reporting low or non-detectable concentrations 13, 15, 16, 19 even in samples collected 10 cm from the face of positive patients. Air samples were taken using two types of active air sampler: a Coriolis µ air sampler (bertin Instruments, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France), operating at 300 L/min and collecting into 15 ml RNase-free phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and an MD8 air sampler (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany), operating at 50 L/min and collecting onto a gelatine membrane filter.
- keywords: acute; aerosol; air; author; bed; cleaning; contact; contamination; copies; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; doi; environmental; funder; genomic; healthcare; holder; hospital; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.24.20191411; icu; infection; license; medrxiv; medrxiv preprint; non; nurse; patients; peer; positive; preprint; pressure; procedures; respiratory; review; risk; rna; samples; sampling; sars; september; setting; staff; study; surfaces; table; time; transmission; version; viral; virus
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- cord-289535-srrfr1es
- author: Tregoning, J. S.
- title: Vaccines for COVID‐19
- date: 2020-10-18
- words: 14346
- flesch: 38
- summary: Identity of blood and tissue leukocytes supporting in vitro infection New insights into the immunopathology and control of dengue virus infection Lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor Toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection Molecular mechanism for antibodydependent enhancement of coronavirus entry A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2 Is there an ideal animal model for SARS? Lovastatin-mediated G1 arrest is through inhibition of the proteasome, independent of hydroxymethyl glutaryl-CoA reductase Caution urged on SARS vaccines Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Development of animal models against emerging coronaviruses: from SARS to MERS coronavirus Blocking transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in llamas by vaccination with a recombinant spike protein Humoral immunogenicity and efficacy of a single dose of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in dromedary camels The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, the Netherlands Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Reinfection could not occur in SARS-CoV-2 infected rhesus macaques Ethical guidelines for deliberately infecting volunteers with COVID-19 Human challenge studies to accelerate coronavirus vaccine licensure SARS-CoV-2 controlled human infection models: ethics, challenge agent production and regulatory issues Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Criner GJet al, for the GSUSI. Clinical vaccine trials conventionally undergo four broad Phases, from early safety in small numbers of volunteers (Phase I) to wide-scale post-licensure monitoring (Phase IV).
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; adaptive; adenovirus; adjuvant; adults; adverse; aged; alum; animal; antibodies; antibody; antigen; approaches; as03; asymptomatic; attenuated; binding; boost; candidates; capacity; case; cd4; cd8; cell; cellular; challenge; clinical; clinical trials; complete; consideration; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; critical; data; delivery; dengue; developed; development; different; disease; dna; domain; doses; early; east; ebola; effects; efficacy; enhanced; enhancement; epitopes; example; experimental; expression; following; fusion; gene; global; groups; gsk; healthy; high; host; human; humoral; iii; immune; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; immunopathology; important; inactivated; inactivation; individuals; infected; infection; influenza; innate; institute; large; levels; licensed; licensure; like; live; macaques; mammalian; manufacture; manufacturing; measles; mechanisms; mers; mice; middle; models; months; mrna; neutralizing; new; non; novel; nucleic; number; open; outbreak; pandemic; patients; peptide; phase; platforms; pneumonia; post; potential; preclinical; prefusion; process; product; protection; protein; randomised; range; rbd; receptor; recombinant; replication; reported; research; respiratory; responses; results; review; rhesus; risk; rna; role; rsv; safety; sars; scale; self; severe; similar; single; site; specific; speed; spike; states; structural; studies; study; subunit; syncytial; syndrome; t cell; target; time; trials; type; united; university; use; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; vectored; vectors; viral; virus; viruses; world; years
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- cord-289588-n61gz7pi
- author: Samudrala, Pavan Kumar
- title: Virology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and in-line treatment of COVID-19
- date: 2020-07-17
- words: 3903
- flesch: 41
- summary: The Journal 849 of hospital infection Nsp3 of coronaviruses: Structures and functions of a 851 large multi-domain protein Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor 853 usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses Structure of SARS coronavirus spike 856 receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Molecular immune pathogenesis and 862 diagnosis of COVID-19 Development and Clinical Application of 866 A Rapid IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Test for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis Potential preanalytical and analytical 869 vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Receptor usage and cell entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting 876 SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro Overlapping and discrete aspects of the pathology and pathogenesis of the 879 emerging human pathogenic coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and 2019-nCoV COVID-19 vaccines: knowing the unknown Neurological Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with China: a retrospective case series study Coronavirus (COVID-19): managing stress and anxiety Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat This The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 infection can be seen after 5 to 6 days of incubation 272 which mainly differs from age and immune system of the person.
- keywords: acute; azithromycin; binding; cancer; cases; china; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; day; development; diagnosis; disease; domain; drug; effective; epidemic; fda; features; gilead; glycoprotein; health; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; interval; journal; literature; lung; ncov; new; novel; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; pneumonia; protein; rbd; receptor; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; results; sars; severe; site; spike; structure; studies; subunit; symptoms; syndrome; treatment; trial; use; vaccine; world
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-289598-t8upoq9a
- author: Yoon, Jane C
- title: COVID-19 Prevalence among People Experiencing Homelessness and Homelessness Service Staff during Early Community Transmission in Atlanta, Georgia, April–May 2020
- date: 2020-09-08
- words: 2985
- flesch: 46
- summary: Shelter staff were counseled on best practices to prevent transmission in the shelter. Shelter clients might not have disclosed symptoms due to fears that they would be removed from shelters.
- keywords: april; atlanta; c r; care; cases; clients; community; conditions; congregate; county; cov-2; covid-19; disease; events; facility; georgia; homeless; homelessness; housing; infection; isolation; living; p t; peh; people; place; positive; prevalence; results; s c; sars; screening; service; settings; shelters; staff; standardized; symptoms; tested; testing; time; transmission; unsheltered
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- cord-289716-nleql08z
- author: Tsitsilonis, Ourania E.
- title: Seroprevalence of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among the Personnel and Students of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece: A Preliminary Report
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 3235
- flesch: 35
- summary: Although focused on the specific population of NKUA members, our study shows that the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Igs for the period June–July 2020 remained low and provides knowledge of public health importance for the NKUA members. Plasma samples were analyzed using the CE-IVD Roche Cobas Elecsys ® Anti-SARS-CoV-2, an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for the qualitative detection of total Igs (IgG, IgM and IgA; pan-Ig) generated against SARS-CoV-2 (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA).
- keywords: affiliates; age; anti; antibodies; assay; asymptomatic; athens; blood; cases; cobas; countries; cov-2; covid-19; donors; elecsys; greece; health; higher; igs; individuals; infected; infection; july; june; low; measures; members; negative; nkua; overall; patients; personnel; plasma; population; positive; public; results; roche; samples; sars; seroprevalence; significant; specific; students; study; tested; tests; transmission; viral
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- cord-290056-x74cq2k5
- author: Delgado-Roche, Livan
- title: Oxidative Stress as Key Player in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection
- date: 2020-04-30
- words: 1913
- flesch: 33
- summary: Respiratory viral infections are, in general, associated with cytokine production, inflammation, cell death, and other pathophysiological processes, which could be link with a redox imbalance or oxidative stress. Respiratory viral infections are, in general, associated with cytokine production, inflammation, cell death, and other pathophysiological processes, which could be link with a redox imbalance or oxidative stress (OS).
- keywords: activation; acute; aged; antioxidant; apoptosis; authors; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov; covid-19; damage; disease; host; infection; inflammation; injury; lung; mortality; oxidative; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; redox; respiratory; response; risk; ros; sars; severe; severity; signaling; stress; syndrome; viral
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- cord-290290-wyx9ib7s
- author: Sinegubova, Maria V.
- title: High-level expression of the monomeric SARS-CoV-2 S protein RBD 320-537 in stably transfected CHO cells by the EEF1A1-based plasmid vector
- date: 2020-11-05
- words: 6012
- flesch: 43
- summary: We developed a simple purification scheme that consistently yielded up to 30 mg of RBD protein per liter of the simple shake flask cell culture. This All cell populations, secreting RBD proteins, were analyzed by the quantitative PCR and it was found, that increased productivity of populations, adapted to higher concentrations of MTX corresponds to higher copy numbers of target gene (Fig 3C) .
- keywords: acid; acute; amplification; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assays; case; cell; cho; conditions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; data; days; domain; elisa; expression; fig; figure; flask; form; gel; gene; genome; glutamine; glycans; glycosylation; high; human; intact; kda; large; level; line; mass; medium; molecular; moscow; mtx; myc; non; p1.1; patients; pcr; peptides; plasmid; population; positive; primers; protein; ptm; purified; quantities; rbd; rbdv2; receptor; recombinant; respiratory; results; russia; s protein; samples; sars; secretion; sequence; serological; serum; severe; signal; similar; sites; solution; spike; step; structure; study; subunits; surface; tag; target; terminal; testing; tests; time; titer; trimer; use; vaccine; vector; viral; virus
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- cord-290792-ggcz1zfw
- author: Qutob, N.
- title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Palestine: a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study
- date: 2020-09-01
- words: 2055
- flesch: 48
- summary: Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, is an infectious respiratory disease caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 1 . It is also noteworthy that previous studies have indicated that asymptomatic individuals were reported to have a weaker immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and a higher percentage of asymptomatic individuals became seronegative when compared to symptomatic individuals in the early recovering phases.
- keywords: age; antibodies; asymptomatic; bank; blood; cluster; cov-2; covid-19; group; health; households; immunity; individuals; infection; laboratory; number; palestine; palestinian; participants; population; positive; proportion; sample; sampling; sars; serological; seroprevalence; study; testing; tests; west
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- cord-290796-x9xqqcj6
- author: Stefanelli, P.
- title: Longevity of seropositivity and neutralizing titers among SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals after 4 months from baseline: a population-based study in the province of Trento
- date: 2020-11-13
- words: 3144
- flesch: 44
- summary: A subset of anti-NC IgG positive samples was tested with the neutralization test. A decline of anti-NC IgG values was recorded 4 months after the first evaluation.
- keywords: anti; antibodies; antibody; assay; author; copyright; cov-2; covid-19; doi; funder; high; holder; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.11.20229062; igg; individuals; infection; italy; license; medrxiv; months; negative; neutralizing; november; peer; positive; preprint; response; results; review; samples; sars; sera; serosurvey; serum; spike; study; test; value; version
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- cord-290904-ngvhk0qy
- author: Zheng, Zhiqiang
- title: Monoclonal antibodies for the S2 subunit of spike of SARS-CoV-1 cross-react with the newly-emerged SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-07-16
- words: 4490
- flesch: 49
- summary: In particular, mAb 1A9 was demonstrated to detect S protein in SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and is suitable for use in a sandwich ELISA format. Binding to S protein was observed for all four mAbs with 1A9 showing the strongest binding ( Figure 3B ).
- keywords: 1a9; ace2; acid; acute; alignment; amino; analysis; antibodies; antibody; bat; binding; buffer; cells; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cr3022; cross; data; detection; domain; elisa; experiments; figure; fisher; fragment; health; human; identity; infected; infection; length; mabs; mers; monoclonal; novel; number; pbst; protein; rbd; receptor; region; research; respiratory; s protein; sandwich; sars; scientific; sequence; severe; spike; study; subunit; syndrome; table; thermo; times; transfection
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-291397-look6ddt
- author: Roberto, Palumbo
- title: Current treatment of COVID-19 in renal patients: hope or hype?
- date: 2020-09-28
- words: 5842
- flesch: 41
- summary: Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Trial Version 7) Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin Evaluation of Ebola virus inhibitors for drug repurposing Saudi critical care trials group, macrolides in critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome Azithromycin for hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, HAHPS (NCT04329832) Latest version Azithromycin for COVID-19 Treatment in Outpatients Nationwide, ACTION (NCT04332107) Latest version Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically Ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) key: cord-291397-look6ddt authors: Roberto, Palumbo; Francesco, Londrino; Emanuela, Cordova; Giorgia, Gambardella; Pasquale, Niscola; Sara, Dominijanni title: Current treatment of COVID-19 in renal patients: hope or hype? date: 2020-09-28 journal: Intern Emerg Med DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02510-0 sha: doc_id:
- keywords: activity; acute; administration; aki; antiviral; approved; associated; association; available; azt; brescia; cases; cell; china; chloroquine; clearance; clinical; cobicistat; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; darunavir; days; dialysis; disease; dosage; dose; drugs; drv; ebola; effects; efficacy; evidence; function; gfr; group; guidelines; hcl; high; hiv; hydroxychloroquine; ill; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; interactions; involvement; kidney; lopinavir; management; mers; mild; min; mof; multicenter; nephrologists; novel; patients; pneumonia; polymerase; randomized; rdv; reduction; remdesivir; renal; replication; respiratory; risk; ritonavir; rna; safety; sars; sepsis; severe; significant; studies; study; syndrome; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; transplant; treatment; trial; use
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- cord-291436-cu5o8ipw
- author: Martínez-Hernández, Fernando
- title: Assessing the SARS-CoV-2 threat to wildlife: Potential risk to a broad range of mammals
- date: 2020-10-05
- words: 2952
- flesch: 36
- summary: SARS-594 associated coronavirus transmitted from human to pig Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 600 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates The Pathophysiology of Virulence of the COVID-19 Las áreas protegidas de América Latina: The 768 special case of Mexico Guidelines for working with Free-ranging wild mammals in the era of the 772 COVID-19 pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, the Netherlands Characterization of spike 784 glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS COVID-19 and pets: When pandemic meets panic Human coronavirus OC43 outbreak in wild 792 chimpanzees, Côte d´ Ivoire Survival of viruses in water SARS-CoV-2 is 800 transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model The human 811 footprint and the last of the wild: the human footprint is a global map of human influence 812 on the land surface, which suggests that human beings are stewards of nature, whether we 813 like it or not SARS-CoV-2 in fruit bat, ferrets, pigs, and chickens: an experimental transmission 819 study Coronaviruses in aquatic organisms Infection with novel coronavirus 829 (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in the Rhesus macaques Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-835 coronavirus 2 Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in 839 golden hamsters Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2 Policy and market strategies of the ecotourism industry in developing 847 countries Group size, grooming and fission in 851 primates: a modeling approach based on group structure RB1 genetic variants contribute to human susceptibility to severe acute respiratory 856 syndrome infection among Chinese MEGA5: 860 molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary 861 distance, and maximum parsimony methods SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats and dogs in close contact with a clister of COVID-19 patients 867 in a veterinary campus Panorama del turismo internacional Baby pangolins 873 on my plate: possible lessons to learn from the COVID-19 pandemic Receptor recognition by the novel 877 coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-log structural studies of SARS 878 coronavirus The 881 weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass Marine Mammal Zoonoses: 885 A Review of Disease Manifestations Update: Bronx zoo tigers and lions recovering from COVID-19 Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/14084/Update-Bronx-Zoo-Tigers-and-Lions Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and 894 community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel 895 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak Discovery of a 899 novel bottlenose dolphin coronavirus reveals a distinct species of marine mammal 900 coronavirus in Gammacoronavirus Silico Analysis of Intermediate Hosts and Susceptible Animals of SARS-CoV-2.
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; amino; amphibians; analysis; animals; birds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; different; fig; genetic; high; hosts; human; impact; infection; liu; mammals; matrix; models; non; novel; outbreak; pandemic; pcsv; phylogenetic; polar; potential; property; protein; range; rank; receptor; region; reptiles; residue; respiratory; risk; rodents; sars; sequences; severe; site; social; species; syndrome; tmprss2; transmission; trees; variation; viral; wild; wildlife
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- cord-291523-4dtk1kyh
- author: Nguyen, Thanh Thi
- title: Origin of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Computational Biology Study using Artificial Intelligence
- date: 2020-07-01
- words: 5362
- flesch: 54
- summary: Specifically, SARS-CoV-2, bat CoV RaTG13 and Guangdong pangolin CoV are grouped together in cluster 2 while bat SARS CoVs are divided into 2 clusters, i.e. bat SARS CoV ZXC21 and bat SARS CoV ZC45 are in cluster 2 whereas other bat SARS CoVs are in cluster 3. 7C , while 3 members of the Merbecovirus sub-genus (i.e. Pipistrellus bat CoV HKU5, Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 and MERS CoV) are divided into 3 clusters (12, 2 and 4) or members of the Sarbecovirus cluster are separated themselves into 2 clusters '1 and 11, sequences of SARS-CoV-2 still join the cluster 11' with other members of Sarbecovirus such as 3 bat viruses (bat SARS CoV ZC45, bat SARS CoV ZXC21, bat CoV RaTG13) and 7 pangolin CoVs.
- keywords: bat; bat cov; bat sars; bats; china; cluster; clustering; coronavirus; countries; cov ratg13; cov-2; covid-19; covs; dbscan; distances; fig; genome; genus; guangdong; hierarchical; hosts; likely; method; novel; number; origin; pangolin; pangolin cov; parameter; probable; ratg13; reference; reference sequences; representative; results; sarbecovirus; sars; sars cov; sequences; set; study; sub; table; virus; viruses
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- cord-291710-ixun0c8g
- author: Su, Haixia
- title: Discovery of baicalin and baicalein as novel, natural product inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease in vitro
- date: 2020-04-14
- words: 2577
- flesch: 40
- summary: Accordingly, baicalin and baicalein are identified as novel non-peptidomimetic inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with single-digit micromolar potency. key: cord-291710-ixun0c8g authors: Su, Haixia; Yao, Sheng; Zhao, Wenfeng; Li, Minjun; Liu, Jia; Shang, WeiJuan; Xie, Hang; Ke, Changqiang; Gao, Meina; Yu, Kunqian; Liu, Hong; Shen, Jingshan; Tang, Wei; Zhang, Leike; Zuo, Jianping; Jiang, Hualiang; Bai, Fang; Wu, Yan; Ye, Yang; Xu, Yechun title: Discovery of baicalin and baicalein as novel, natural product inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease in vitro date: 2020-04-14 journal: bioRxiv DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.13.038687 sha: doc_id: 291710 cord_uid: ixun0c8g Human infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and there is currently no cure.
- keywords: 3clpro; activities; antiviral; assay; baicalein; baicalensis; binding; catalytic; chemical; combination; complex; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covalent; crystal; data; development; discovery; drug; fig; inhibitors; ligand; mass; medicines; mode; molecular; molecule; natural; non; novel; peptidomimetic; products; protease; protein; ray; residues; respiratory; sars; screening; small; structure; substrate; table
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- cord-291916-5yqc3zcx
- author: Hozhabri, Hossein
- title: The Global Emergency of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): An Update of the Current Status and Forecasting
- date: 2020-08-05
- words: 16799
- flesch: 39
- summary: This form of adaptation required a series of amino acid changes in the RBD within the S protein of SARS viruses that circulated in bats [56, 68] . Strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV Towards a solution to MERS:
- keywords: accessory; ace2; acute; acute respiratory; analysis; angiotensin; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; approach; ards; asymptomatic; available; bats; betacoronavirus; binding; care; cases; cause; cell; chadox1; characteristics; chest; china; chinese; cities; clinical; common; conditions; contact; control; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; current; data; days; death; detection; development; diagnosis; diarrhea; different; disease; distress; domain; drugs; dyspnea; entry; envelope; enzyme; epidemic; epitopes; failure; fatality; features; fever; figure; findings; fusion; future; gene; genetic; genome; genomic; glycoprotein; hcov; health; high; higher; hospitalization; host; human; humidity; igg; imaging; immune; important; infected; infection; injury; intermediate; large; like; lower; lung; median; membrane; mers; mesenchymal; mild; molecular; morbidities; ncov; new; non; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleocapsid; number; oc43; onset; origin; outbreak; oxford; oxygen; patients; pcr; people; period; pigs; plasma; pneumonia; positive; possible; potential; previous; production; protease; protein; pulmonary; rapid; rate; rbd; recent; receptor; recombinant; related; release; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; results; review; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; sequence; severe; significant; similar; single; species; specific; spike; spread; structural; studies; study; support; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; table; targets; temperature; testing; tests; therapeutic; therapy; throat; time; tocilizumab; tract; transcription; transmission; treatment; trials; type; use; vaccine; viral; viruses; world; wuhan
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- cord-292025-dr611nse
- author: Kam, Kai-qian
- title: Clinical Utility of Buccal Swabs for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection in Coronavirus Disease 2019–Infected Children
- date: 2020-06-13
- words: 1655
- flesch: 45
- summary: Viral loads in buccal specimens were substantially lower than those in nasopharyngeal specimens. It is important to understand the viral shedding pattern in buccal specimens of children in order to predict the routes of viral transmission.
- keywords: asymptomatic; buccal; children; collection; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnosis; disease; illness; infected; loads; nasopharyngeal; pcr; positive; reaction; respiratory; saliva; sars; screening; specimens; study; swabs; transmission; undetectable; values; viral
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- cord-292152-gmru83ac
- author: Makrinioti, Heidi
- title: Intussusception in two children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children
- date: 2020-08-08
- words: 1757
- flesch: 37
- summary: The first case developed respiratory symptoms during hospitalization and underwent a chest CT scan that revealed changes, whilst the second case had preceding mild respiratory symptoms, therefore did not undergo chest imaging as per current standards of care. key: cord-292152-gmru83ac authors: Makrinioti, Heidi; Mac Donald, Alexander; Lu, X; Wallace, S; Mathew, Jobson; Zhang, F; Shao, J; Bretherton, J; Tariq, Mehmood; Eyre, E; Wong, A; Pakkiri, L; Saxena, Amulya K; Wong, G W title: Intussusception in two children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children date: 2020-08-08 journal: J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa096 sha: doc_id: 292152 cord_uid: gmru83ac This report compares intussusception as likely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants that presented in Wuhan and London.
- keywords: admission; association; bowel; case; children; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; disease; evidence; gastrointestinal; health; hospital; infant; infection; intussusception; london; malrotation; management; outcome; patients; positive; receptor; reduction; report; respiratory; sars; symptoms; syndrome; viral; wuhan
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- cord-292256-jp80u828
- author: Moriguchi, Takeshi
- title: A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2
- date: 2020-04-03
- words: 1746
- flesch: 47
- summary: In 2002-2003, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) pandemic appeared and SARS-CoV was isolated as the pathogen and as the new family of the human coronaviruses (Drosten et al., 2003; Ksiazek et al., 2003) . Recent study claims that the genomic sequence is similar between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (Yu et al., 2020) , especially the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV is structurally similar to that of SARS-CoV-2 (Lu et al., 2020) .
- keywords: ambulance; brain; case; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; day; diagnosis; emergency; encephalitis; findings; fluid; generalized; hippocampus; hospital; lobe; meningitis; nasopharyngeal; negative; novel; patients; pcr; pneumonia; report; respiratory; right; rna; sars; swab; symptoms; wuhan
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- cord-292742-mio4przi
- author: McAloose, Denise
- title: From People to Panthera: Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Tigers and Lions at the Bronx Zoo
- date: 2020-10-13
- words: 6384
- flesch: 38
- summary: Among these, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and ebolaviruses have killed thousands; the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has killed millions. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) before it raise awareness and concerns about zoonotic (animal-tohuman) diseases and cross-species transmission of coronaviruses (8) (9) (10) (11) .
- keywords: acute; additional; ahdc; analysis; animals; april; assay; available; bronx; cases; cats; cdc; cells; clinical; control; cornell; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; detection; development; diagnostic; disease; dna; domestic; fecal; feline; fig; fisher; fluid; gene; genome; global; haplotype; health; human; hybridization; infected; infection; investigation; isolation; keepers; kit; lions; march; minion; natural; network; new; novel; oropharyngeal; pandemic; panthera; pcr; positive; primer; probe; protein; real; reported; request; respiratory; results; rna; rrt; samples; sars; scientific; sequences; sequencing; serum; set; severe; signs; situ; species; staff; syndrome; table; testing; thermo; tiger; time; tracheal; transmission; vero; viral; virus; waltham; wash; wild; wildlife; wuhan; york; zoo; zoonotic
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- cord-293056-kz3w0nfh
- author: Indes, Jeffrey E.
- title: Early Experience with Arterial Thromboembolic Complications in Patents with COVID-19
- date: 2020-08-28
- words: 1934
- flesch: 47
- summary: Patients with arterial thromboembolic complications and SARS-CoV-2 positive when compared to SARS-CoV-2 negative or admitted for unrelated reasons were younger (64 vs. 70 years, p=0.027), had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (32.6 vs. 25.5, p=0.012), a higher D-dimer at the time of imaging (17.3 vs. 1.8, p=0.038), a higher average in hospital D-dimer (8.5 vs. 2.0, p=0.038), a greater distribution of patients with clot in the aortoiliac location (5 vs. 1, p=0.040), less prior use of any antiplatelet medication (21.4% vs. 62.5%, p=0.035) and a higher mortality rate (40.0 % vs. 8.0%, p=0.041). We therefore set out to identify and characterize patients in the early stage of 14 the epidemic with arterial thromboembolic disease and its relationship to SARS-CoV-2 infection 15 at our institution.
- keywords: acute; arterial; artery; blood; bmi; carotid; characteristics; clinical; complications; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dimer; disease; duplex; greater; group; higher; imaging; level; mra; negative; patients; positive; sars; severe; study; table; testing; tests; thromboembolic; thrombosis; time; treatment
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- cord-293082-fw7deem8
- author: Zhang, Guangzhi
- title: Animal coronaviruses and SARS‐CoV‐2
- date: 2020-08-16
- words: 2077
- flesch: 22
- summary: All rights reserved of SARS-CoV-2 Genetic diversity and selection regulates evolution of infectious bronchitis virus Structural basis for human coronavirus attachment to sialic acid receptors Mutational analysis of aminopeptidase N, a receptor for several group 1 coronaviruses, identifies key determinants of viral host range Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization Feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses Pathogenic characteristics of persistent feline enteric coronavirus infection in cats Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus Molecular Mechanism for Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Coronavirus Entry Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate SARS-CoV-2 invades host cells via a novel route: CD147-spike protein Importance of Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Multiple Antigenic Sites on the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein To Avoid Neutralization Escape Emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs As for the receptors utilized by SARS-CoV-2, biophysical and structural data showed that the S 374 protein engages with ACE2 with at least 10 times higher affinity compared to that of SARS-CoV 375 (Wrapp et al. 2020 ).
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; animal; antibody; article; bronchitis; cats; cells; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; et al; evidence; evolution; feline; health; host; human; infectious; novel; origin; outbreak; pandemic; peritonitis; porcine; protein; receptor; respiratory; rights; sars; sars‐cov‐2; severe; species; spike; swine; syndrome; table; transmission; type; vaccine; zoonotic
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- cord-293274-ysr1l557
- author: Perisé-Barrios, Ana Judith
- title: Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 by healthy and sick dogs during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
- date: 2020-09-22
- words: 4140
- flesch: 48
- summary: In dogs, canine enteric coronavirus (CCoV), an α-CoV, causes an enteritis of variable severity (rarely fatal) and develop immunity; however some of the recovered dogs become carriers with the ability to infect other dogs. Our findings show that sick dogs presented severe alveolar or interstitial pattern, with pulmonary opacity, parenchymal abnormalities, and bilateral lesions.
- keywords: animals; antibodies; canine; cases; cats; ccov; cdv; clinical; common; companion; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; dogs; findings; healthy; households; human; igg; infected; infection; information; lung; mycoplasma; negative; neutralizing; owners; pandemic; pathogens; pathological; pathologies; patients; pattern; people; pets; pneumonia; positive; pulmonary; qpcr; respiratory; samples; sars; severe; sick; spain; spp; study; suppl; symptoms; table; transmission
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- cord-293578-yu2i0u2h
- author: Kusadasi, Nuray
- title: A Pathophysiological Perspective on the SARS-CoV-2 Coagulopathy
- date: 2020-08-10
- words: 3918
- flesch: 27
- summary: medRxiv Is there an association between COVID-19 mortality and the renin-angiotensin system-a call for epidemiologic investigations Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 Thromboembolic events and apparent heparin resistance in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Venous thrombosis among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease Clinical pathology of critical patient with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID 19) Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies The emerging spectrum of cardiopulmonary pathology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Report of 3 autopsies from Houston, Texas, and review of autopsy findings from other United States cities Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome Inflammation and haemostasis Tissue factor up-regulation in proinflammatory conditions confers thrombin generation capacity to endothelial colony-forming cells without influencing non-coagulant properties in vitro The endothelial protein C receptor supports tissue factor ternary coagulation initiation complex signaling through protease-activated receptors Potential role of activated factor VIII (FVIIIa) in FVIIa/tissue factor-dependent FXa generation in initiation phase of blood coagulation Intrinsic pathway of coagulation and thrombosis Coagulation factor XII in thrombosis and inflammation A mechanism for hereditary angioedema with normal C1 inhibitor: an inhibitory regulatory role for the factor XII heavy chain Hereditary angioedema: the plasma contact system out of control A mutation in the kringle domain of human factor XII that causes autoinflammation, disturbs zymogen quiescence, and accelerates activation Cold-induced urticarial autoinflammatory syndrome related to factor XII activation Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity Blood coagulation in immunothrombosis-At the frontline of intravascular immunity Immunothrombosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome: cross talks between inflammation and coagulation Linking endothelial dysfunction with endothelial cell activation Sepsis-associated coagulopathy Inhibition of the extrinsic or intrinsic coagulation pathway during pneumonia-derived sepsis Endothelial cell and hemostatic activation in relation to cytokines in patients with sepsis Neutrophil extracellular traps induce endothelial cell activation and tissue factor production through interleukin-1alpha and cathepsin G Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China The proinflammatory cytokine response to coagulation and endotoxin in whole blood Roles for thrombin and fibrin(ogen) in cytokine/ chemokine production and macrophage adhesion in vivo Protease-activated receptors 1 and 4 mediate activation of human platelets by thrombin Thrombin increases inflammatory cytokine and angiogenic growth factor secretion in human adipose cells in vitro Characterization of the enhanced adhesion of neutrophil leukocytes to thrombin-stimulated endothelial cells Stimulation of neutrophil adherence to vascular endothelial cells by histamine and thrombin and its inhibition by PAF antagonists and dexamethasone Quantitative analysis of thrombomodulin-mediated conversion of protein C to APC: translation from in vitro to in vivo Activated protein C inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production in the THP-1 monocytic cell line Protein C zymogen in severe sepsis: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized study A systematic summary of systematic reviews on anticoagulant therapy in sepsis Activation of protein C and thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor on cultured human endothelial cells Identification of functionally important negatively charged residues in the carboxy end of mouse hepatitis coronavirus A59 nucleocapsid protein Negatively charged residues in the endodomain are critical for specific assembly of spike protein into murine coronavirus Analyses of coronavirus assembly interactions with interspecies membrane and nucleocapsid protein chimeras Biochemical characterization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein Emerging anticoagulant strategies Factor XII Contact Activation Factor XII as a therapeutic target in thromboembolic and inflammatory diseases Factor XII-dependent fibrinolysis: a double function of plasma kallikrein and the occurrence of a previously undescribed factor XII-and kallikrein-dependent plasminogen proactivator Contact pathway of coagulation and inflammation Plasma kallikrein inhibitors in cardiovascular disease: an innovative therapeutic approach A kallikrein-targeting RNA aptamer inhibits the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and reduces bradykinin release The contact activation system as a potential therapeutic target in patients with COVID-19 Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 High levels of coagulation factors and venous thrombosis risk: strongest association for factor VIII and von Willebrand factor Involvement of ADAMTS13 and von Willebrand factor in thromboembolic events in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 Hypoxia downregulates protein S expression Hypoxia and thrombosis Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basichelix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension Thrombin activates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells: Role of the p22(phox)-containing NADPH oxidase The stimulation of thrombosis by hypoxia Role of adipose tissue in haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis Obesity a risk factor for severe COVID-19 Infection: multiple potential mechanisms New insights into the role of adipose tissue in thrombosis High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 A human antithrombin isoform dampens inflammatory responses and protects from organ damage during bacterial infection Anti-viral activity of human antithrombin III Serpin induced antiviral activity of prostaglandin synthetase-2 against HIV-1 replication Inhibition of HCV by the serpin antithrombin III Anti-HSV activity of serpin antithrombin III Prekallikrein (PK) generates FXIIa on the surface of activated endothelial cells, in a receptordependent manner.
- keywords: activation; angiotensin; anti; apc; associated; bradykinin; cells; clinical; coagulation; coagulopathy; complement; complex; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; endothelial; factor; fibrinolysis; fviii; fxii; generation; high; human; hypercoagulable; hypoxia; ill; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibitor; intrinsic; kallikrein; levels; mechanisms; pathway; patients; plasma; plasminogen; potential; production; protein; receptor; related; renin; risk; role; sars; sepsis; severe; state; system; target; thrombin; thrombosis; tissue
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- cord-293688-g6kag5ij
- author: Nora, Holtmann
- title: Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen - a cohort study
- date: 2020-05-29
- words: 2235
- flesch: 50
- summary: Here, our study differs from the report of Song et al. showed though that 6 out of 38 males with a positive nasopharyngeal swap who still had 303 symptoms or stopped having symptoms 2-3 days before semen analysis presented with SARS CoV-2 in the semen (17) . No RNA was detected by RT-PCR in the semen including semen samples from two patients with an acute COVID-19 infection.
- keywords: acute; analysis; blood; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; human; igg; impact; infection; male; mild; moderate; non; parameters; patients; pcr; presence; recovered; reproductive; respiratory; rna; samples; sars; semen; significant; sperm; study; subjects; symptoms; table; testis; viral
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- cord-293691-ewerquin
- author: Sauerhering, Lucie
- title: Cyclophilin Inhibitors Restrict Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Via Interferon λ In Vitro And In Mice
- date: 2020-07-02
- words: 3438
- flesch: 38
- summary: Moreover, we for the first time provide evidence that CsA triggered the activation of an antiviral defense state in lung epithelial cells. These data indicate that CsA treatment mounts a distinct interferon-driven antiviral response in lung epithelial cells.
- keywords: activity; addition; alv; alveolar; animal; antibody; antiviral; calcineurin; calu-3; cells; cna; coronavirus; cov; csa; cyclophilin; cyclosporin; cypa; data; date; east; epithelial; experiments; expression; factor; figure; formation; haec; human; ifnλ; iii; induced; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibitors; interferon; irf1; kinase; lung; map; mers; mice; middle; model; mouse; nfat; novel; pathways; primary; protein; receptor; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; severe; signaling; significant; specific; study; syndrome; titers; treatment; type; vivo
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- cord-293852-r72c6584
- author: Greco, S.
- title: Noncoding RNAs implication in cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 era
- date: 2020-10-31
- words: 8171
- flesch: 32
- summary: However, in the heart of both SARS-CoV infected mice and of SARS patients, decreased ACE2-levels were observed [64] , suggesting a complex virus/receptor dynamic that needs to be elucidated. Interestingly, in the hearts of both SARS-CoV infected mice and SARS patients, macrophage infiltration with evidence of myocardial damage was observed [64] .
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; addition; analysis; angiotensin; anti; assembly; biomarkers; blood; cardiac; cardiomyocytes; cardiovascular; cause; cells; changes; chronic; circular; clinical; cms; coronary; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cvds; cytokines; damage; data; direct; disease; effects; epithelial; expression; failure; fig; function; genes; genome; heart; host; human; identification; ifn; immune; important; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; innate; interferon; ipsc; ischemic; levels; lncrnas; long; lung; macrophages; mechanisms; micrornas; mir-155; mirnas; myocardial; myocarditis; noncoding; novel; nuclear; particular; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pattern; pbmcs; peripheral; phase; plasma; pneumonia; potential; profiling; protein; receptor; recovery; regulation; release; remodeling; renin; respiratory; response; risk; rna; rnas; role; samples; sars; seq; severe; signaling; significant; single; storm; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; targets; tissue; tnf; transcriptional; transcriptomics; type; understanding; viral
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- cord-293890-thfros7x
- author: Carbo, Ellen C.
- title: Coronavirus discovery by metagenomic sequencing: a tool for pandemic preparedness
- date: 2020-08-21
- words: 2318
- flesch: 40
- summary: Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic sequencing assay for pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid VIP: an integrated pipeline for metagenomics of virus identification and discovery Metagenomics for pathogen detection in public health Genome Detective: an automated system for virus identification from highthroughput sequencing data Virome Capture Sequencing Enables Sensitive Viral Diagnosis and Comprehensive Virome Analysis', mBio Enhanced virome sequencing using targeted sequence capture Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Retrospective Validation of a Metagenomic Sequencing Protocol for Combined Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses Using Respiratory Samples from Pediatric Patients The respiratory virome and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 Centrifuge: rapid and sensitive classification of metagenomic sequences Interactive metagenomic visualization in a Web browser SPAdes: A New Genome Assembly Algorithm and Its Applications to Single-Cell Sequencing Basic local alignment search tool Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data Fast and sensitive protein alignment using DIAMOND metaSPAdes: a new versatile metagenomic assembler The efficacy of a metagenomic sequencing protocol using capture probes targeting vertebrate virus sequences designed before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, was studied in the context of virus discovery.
- keywords: alignment; analysis; capture; clinical; combination; contigs; coronavirus; cov-2; database; detection; discovery; genome; hits; human; identification; identity; length; lowest; mers; metagenomic; novel; nucleotide; pandemic; probes; protocol; reads; reference; results; samples; sars; sequences; sequencing; study; validation; viral; viruses
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- cord-293988-f5gvwjyh
- author: Musso, Nicolò
- title: New SARS-CoV-2 Infection Detected in an Italian Pet Cat by RT-qPCR from Deep Pharyngeal Swab
- date: 2020-09-11
- words: 3229
- flesch: 44
- summary: In particular, viral RNA and infectious viral particles were found in the upper respiratory tract of domestic cats after introduction of SARS-CoV-2 virus samples through their nasal cavities; nevertheless, none of the infected cats showed clinical signs of the disease. In addition, viral RNA was detected in 1:3 healthy cats exposed to infected felines, suggesting that they had contracted the virus from the droplets exhaled by infected cats [13, 19] .
- keywords: ace2; acute; amplification; analysis; animal; cases; cat; cats; china; clinical; cod; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; disease; evidence; feline; figure; fisher; gene; germany; health; hilden; human; infected; infection; italy; kit; nasal; novel; pets; pneumonia; presence; primers; qiagen; qpcr; respiratory; rna; sample; sars; scientific; severe; spike; study; swab; syndrome; test; thermo; time; usa; viral; waltham; world; wuhan
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- cord-294069-7zr77r71
- author: Hu, Xiaowen
- title: The distribution of SARS-CoV-2 contamination on the environmental surfaces during incubation period of COVID-19 patients
- date: 2020-09-30
- words: 2529
- flesch: 40
- summary: Environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 distributes widely during the incubation period of CCOVID-19, and the positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces are relatively high in bathroom and bedroom. Then, medical staffs stayed in hotel immediately sampled their nasopharyngeal swabs and environmental surfaces, and transferred them to the hospital for further diagnosis Additionally, the frequency of washing behaviors of patients at the quarantine room, including face washing, hands washing, tooth brushing, bathing and excrement, were shown in Table 2 .
- keywords: acute; bathroom; bedroom; china; contamination; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; disease; environmental; factors; hospital; hotel; incubation; patients; pcr; period; personal; positive; qingdao; quarantine; respiratory; rna; room; samples; sars; sites; study; surfaces; syndrome; table; transmission; value; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-294108-uvnh0s9r
- author: Dube, Taru
- title: Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune‐Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID‐19 Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2, a Deadly Nanovector
- date: 2020-10-25
- words: 13897
- flesch: 38
- summary: COVID-19 patients seeking intensive care unit (ICU) are particularly older and more likely to carry pre-existing comorbid conditions like hypertension and related heart diseases followed by diabetes. To date, apart from the emergency use approval of the antiviral drug favilavir in China, India, Russia, and parts of the Middle East and the emergency use approval of remdesivir by the US-FDA and Japan in COVID-19 patients, there are no approved therapeutic molecules to treat the COVID-19 pandemic.
- keywords: 3cl; ace2; activity; acute; adaptive; adjuvant; agents; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; approval; ards; arthritis; associated; asymptomatic; blood; bradykinin; cancer; candidate; care; cases; cells; cellular; china; clinical; clinical trials; combination; control; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; csa; csf; current; cytokines; data; day; delivery; detection; development; different; disease; dna; dose; drug; early; effective; effects; efficacy; emergency; enhanced; entry; expression; fast; favilavir; fda; figure; form; fusion; genetic; genome; group; health; high; higher; hiv; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; iii; il-6; immune; immune response; immunity; immunogenicity; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; innate; key; large; levels; life; like; lipid; lopinavir; lung; mab; measures; medical; membrane; mers; moderate; molecular; molecules; nac; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; ncov; neutralizing; new; novel; nucleotide; number; ongoing; oral; outbreak; oxygen; pandemic; patients; people; peptide; phase; phase ii; placebo; pneumonia; potential; preclinical; preliminary; production; promising; protease; protein; pulmonary; randomized; rdrp; receptor; recombinant; release; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; response; results; risk; ritonavir; rna; safety; sars; severe; significant; single; spread; standard; storm; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; targeted; therapeutics; therapies; therapy; time; tmprss2; tocilizumab; treatment; trial; underway; use; vaccine; value; viral; virus; viruses; vitamin; world
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-294136-e69ao8j0
- author: Han, Dongsheng
- title: COVID-19: Insight into the asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 infection and transmission
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 5231
- flesch: 35
- summary: Four studies suggested that the virus can be transmitted by asymptomatic patients for at least two consecutive generations, indicating its strong infectivity. The majority of asymptomatic patients appear to have a milder clinical course during hospitalization, but the severity of the symptoms of the secondary patients infected by SARS-COV-2 from asymptomatic patients varies with their physical constitution.
- keywords: acid; asymptomatic; asymptomatic patients; cases; china; clinical; close; cluster; confirmed; contacts; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; disease; early; epidemiological; evidence; family; figure; health; human; individuals; infected; infection; isolation; large; management; medical; medrxiv; novel; nucleic; number; outbreak; pandemic; patients; pcr; people; period; person; population; positive; preprint; presymptomatic; public; reported; respiratory; results; sars; scale; screening; secondary; singapore; source; spread; studies; study; symptoms; testing; tests; transmission; treatment
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- cord-294212-nlekz39f
- author: Wang, Dongliang
- title: Immunoinformatic Analysis of T- and B-Cell Epitopes for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Design
- date: 2020-07-03
- words: 6083
- flesch: 44
- summary: Faster de novo structure prediction for linear peptides in solution and in complex PatchDock and SymmDock: Servers for rigid and symmetric docking Fast Interaction Refinement in molecular docking A web server for fast interaction refinement in molecular docking Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies Identification of a novel conserved HLA-A*0201-restricted epitope from the spike protein of SARS-CoV HLA-A*0201 T-cell epitopes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid and spike proteins Identification of an HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitope Ssp-1 of SARS-CoV spike protein Searching immunodominant epitopes prior to epidemic: HLA class II-restricted SARS-CoV spike protein epitopes in unexposed individuals Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor The spike protein of SARS-CoV-A target for vaccine and therapeutic development Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice Evaluation of modified vaccinia virus Ankara based recombinant SARS vaccine in ferrets Identification of immunodominant sites on the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus: Implication for developing SARS diagnostics and vaccines A study on antigenicity and receptor-binding ability of fragment 450-650 of the spike protein of SARS coronavirus Identification of an Antigenic Determinant on the S2 Domain of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Capable of Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies Screening and Identification of Linear B-Cell Epitopes and Entry-Blocking Peptide of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-Associated Coronavirus Using Synthetic Overlapping Peptide Library Unexpected Receptor Functional Mimicry Elucidates Activation of Coronavirus Fusion Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients Structural Basis of Neutralization by a Human Anti-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Spike Protein Antibody, 80R Structure of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor-binding Domain Complexed with Neutralizing Antibody Better Epitope Discovery, Precision Immune Engineering, and Accelerated Vaccine Design Using Immunoinformatics Tools. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Receptor usage and cell entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus A 193-Amino Acid Fragment of the SARS Coronavirus S Protein Efficiently Binds Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 Conformational States of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Ectodomain Immunological Responses against SARS-Coronavirus Infection in Humans B-Cell Responses in Patients Who Have Recovered from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Target a Dominant Site in the S2 Domain of the Surface Spike Glycoprotein Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Epitope-based peptide vaccine design and target site depiction against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus: An immune-informatics study Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2 A server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines Comprehensive analysis of dengue virus-specific responses supports an HLA-linked protective role for CD8(+) T cells Development and validation of a broad scheme for prediction of HLA class II restricted T cell epitopes PEP-FOLD3:
- keywords: a*01:01; acute; addition; ade; analysis; antibodies; antigenicity; binding; cd8; cell; cell epitopes; complexes; conserved; coronavirus; cov s; cov-2; cytokine; design; development; discontinuous; docking; entry; epitopes; figure; fusion; high; hla; host; human; iedb; immune; immunogenic; infection; isolates; like; linear; materials; mhc; nabs; neutralizing; peptide; potential; prediction; profiles; protein; rbd; receptor; region; residues; respiratory; response; s protein; sars; server; severe; spike; structure; study; subsequent; subunit; supplementary; surface; syndrome; table; vaccine
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-294363-bv6xa8v8
- author: Zhou, Hong
- title: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Promising Drugs for Combating SARS‐CoV‐2
- date: 2020-05-05
- words: 8944
- flesch: 34
- summary: Decoupling deISGylating and deubiquitinating activities of the MERS virus papain-like protease Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses Preparation and anti-HIV activities of aurintricarboxylic acid fractions and analogues: direct correlation of antiviral potency with molecular weight Viral infection modulation and neutralization by camelid nanobodies Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Human Coronavirus: Host-Pathogen Interaction Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase A data-driven drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19 CAR T cell-induced cytokine release syndrome is mediated by macrophages and abated by IL-1 blockade Camostat mesilate attenuates pancreatic fibrosis via inhibition of monocytes and pancreatic stellate cells activity The course of clinical diagnosis and treatment of a case infected with coronavirus disease 2019 The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2018: updates and expansion to encompass the new guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Potent and selective inhibition of SARS coronavirus replication by aurintricarboxylic acid From SARS to MERS: crystallographic studies on coronaviral proteases enable antiviral drug design SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Historical, Epidemiologic, and Clinical Features Genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis of Lagovirus europaeus strains GI.1 (RHDV) and GI.2 (RHDV2) based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) coding gene Identification of an existing Japanese pancreatitis drug, Nafamostat Contributes to Virus Spread and Immunopathology in the Airways of Murine Models after Coronavirus Infection Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors CD147 (EMMPRIN/Basigin) in kidney diseases: from an inflammation and immune system viewpoint The Use of TKM-100802 and Convalescent Plasma in 2 Patients With Ebola Virus Disease in the United States Therapeutic strategies in an outbreak scenario to treat the novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China Crystal structures of the main peptidase from the SARS coronavirus inhibited by a substrate-like aza-peptide epoxide Coronavirus infections and immune responses Adjuvant (131)I-metuximab for hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection: a randomised Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Nucleic-acid-based antiviral agents against positive single-stranded RNA viruses Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases RNA-based therapeutics for colorectal cancer: Updates and future directions Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors L (2020) Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 A (2020a) Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A (2020b) Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza induces hepatocyte polarity loss by E-cadherin ubiquitination and degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma progress Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Timely development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 The potential chemical structure of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase L (2020) Clinical Pathology of Critical Patient with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication inhibitor that interferes with the nucleic acid unwinding of the viral helicase Evaluation of SSYA10-001 as a replication inhibitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome, mouse hepatitis, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies RNA aptamer-based sensitive detection of SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20:
- keywords: 2020b; ace2; acid; activity; acute; addition; analysis; anti; antiviral; aptamers; article; asos; binding; cases; cd147; cells; characteristics; chen; china; clinical; compounds; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; critical; cytokine; data; dependent; depth; development; discovery; disease; drugs; effective; effects; entry; et al; favipiravir; fusion; good; host; human; immune; induced; infection; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; known; like; likely; lung; main; membrane; mers; multiple; ncov; new; novel; outbreak; papain; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; peptide; plasma; plpro; pneumonia; polymerase; positive; possible; potential; present; process; promising; protease; protein; pulmonary; rdrp; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; research; researchers; respiratory; response; results; review; rights; rna; safety; sars; sars coronavirus; sequence; severe; similar; single; sirnas; specific; spike; spread; storm; strategy; structure; studies; study; syndrome; targets; therapeutic; therapy; tmprss2; tocilizumab; transmission; treatment; trials; vaccine; verification; viral; worldwide; wuhan; zhang
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- cord-294527-fct2y5vn
- author: Guadarrama-Ortiz, Parménides
- title: Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations
- date: 2020-09-04
- words: 8837
- flesch: 29
- summary: (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: ace2; acute; acute respiratory; barré; barré syndrome; bbb; blood; brain; car; case; cathepsin; cells; characteristics; china; clinical; cns; complications; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; csf; current; cytokines; data; development; different; disease; disorders; distribution; encephalitis; entry; epithelium; evidence; expression; factors; failure; features; findings; functional; guillain; headache; high; higher; host; human; il-1β; illness; immune; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; levels; like; management; manifestations; mechanisms; mediators; medical; mers; mortality; myopathy; nerve; nervous; neurological; neuropathy; neuropsychiatric; neurotoxicity; new; non; novel; occurrence; olfactory; organs; outbreak; pandemic; pathogen; patients; peripheral; pneumonia; possible; potential; presence; present; process; production; protein; recent; receptor; report; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; review; risk; sars; severe; severe acute; severe covid-19; specific; spectrum; spread; stroke; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; therapeutic; therapy; tissues; tmprss2; treatment; tropism; underlying; viral; world
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- cord-294831-pem059zk
- author: Zhang, Ling-Pu
- title: Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
- date: 2020-06-11
- words: 6212
- flesch: 49
- summary: SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein, matrix protein, accessory proteins p6 and p8, nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7), and nsp13 are homologous with those of SARS virus SARS-CoV-2 has 82% nucleotide identity with human SARS-CoV and 96% nucleotide identity with bat SARS coronavirus (SARSr-CoV-RaTG13).
- keywords: acute; addition; animal; antiviral; assay; bat; bilateral; cases; cell; chest; china; chloroquine; clinical; common; consolidation; coronavirus; cough; countries; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; diagnosis; disease; drugs; effective; epidemic; epidemiological; features; ferrets; fever; figure; future; glass; ground; health; hel; higher; host; human; identity; important; infected; infection; load; mers; mice; mortality; ncov; new; novel; novel coronavirus; number; opacities; outbreak; patients; pcr; person; pneumonia; positive; protein; public; rate; rdrp; reported; respiratory; review; rna; sars; severe; similar; specific; spike; spread; study; symptoms; syndrome; testing; time; transmission; treatment; vaccines; viral; vitro; world; wuhan
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- cord-294912-xl0wzi16
- author: Alteri, Claudia
- title: Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 by droplet digital PCR in real-time PCR negative nasopharyngeal swabs from suspected COVID-19 patients
- date: 2020-09-08
- words: 3634
- flesch: 38
- summary: Of note, a severe COVID-19 manifestation characterized 14 of the 19 patients with a ddPCR confirmed SARS--CoV-2 infection (73.7%, S1 Table) . In order to further confirm the performance of the ddPCR-based assay, IgG against SARS--CoV-2 were tested by using a commercial Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay IgG against SARS-CoV-2 (https://www.corelaboratory.abbott/us/en/offerings/segments/ infectious-disease/sars-cov-2, sensitivity:99.9% specificity:100%)
- keywords: analysis; assay; available; cases; clinical; copies; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; ddpcr; detection; diagnosis; digital; disease; dna; droplet; false; hospital; infection; laboratory; load; low; median; nasopharyngeal; negative; number; patients; pneumonia; positive; presence; quantification; reaction; respiratory; results; rna; rnasep; rtpcr; samples; sars; sensitive; severe; stage; standard; study; swabs; symptoms; table; tests; thanks; time; viral
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- cord-296219-zzg9hds0
- author: Battaglini, Denise
- title: Neurological Manifestations of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Potential Mechanisms and Implications of Individualized Mechanical Ventilation Settings
- date: 2020-08-12
- words: 7500
- flesch: 24
- summary: Furthermore, mechanical ventilation, commonly used in the management of COVID-19 patients, can itself induce an inflammatory response, causing distal organ failure. Despite the paucity of evidence, there are three key hypotheses for the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 patients (Figure 1) : (1) viral neurotropism; (2) a hyperinflammatory and hypercoagulable state; and (3) brainlung crosstalk.
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; alveolar; analysis; ards; areas; association; bbb; binding; blood; brain; cases; cells; cerebral; changes; clinical; cns; coagulation; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cross; cytokine; damage; different; dimer; disease; distress; dysfunction; effect; encephalopathy; endothelial; evidence; exchange; failure; figure; findings; hemoglobin; hemorrhage; higher; human; hypercoagulability; hyperinflammatory; immune; impairment; increase; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; intracranial; involvement; ischemic; levels; long; lower; lung; manifestations; manuscript; mechanical; mechanisms; meta; mice; mri; multiple; ncov; nervous; neurological; neurotropism; non; novel; olfactory; oxygen; oxygenation; paco; patients; peep; perfusion; phenotype; pneumonia; positive; possible; potential; pressure; pulmonary; receptors; recruitment; regions; release; respiratory; response; review; risk; role; sars; sclerosis; severe; specific; spread; state; strategies; stroke; studies; study; syndrome; system; systemic; term; tissue; ventilation; viral
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- cord-296237-i9cti2ok
- author: Díez, José-María
- title: Cross-neutralization activity against SARS-CoV-2 is present in currently available intravenous immunoglobulins
- date: 2020-06-19
- words: 3746
- flesch: 41
- summary: The life cycle of SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells Crossneutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Lack of crossneutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2 Protective antiviral antibodies that lack neutralizing activity: precedents and evolution of concepts COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin as a therapeutic option for deteriorating patients with Coronavirus Disease Effect of regular intravenous immunoglobulin therapy on prognosis of severe pneumonia in patients with COVID-19 The Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Severe 2019-nCoV Infected Pneumonia Jordi Bozzo PhD, CMPP and Michael K. James PhD (Grifols) are acknowledged for medical writing and editorial support in the preparation of this manuscript. An Outbreak of Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection and Serological Cross-reactivity with SARS Coronavirus Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests Antigenic crossreactivity between severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 Currently available intravenous immunoglobulin contains antibodies reacting against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antigens Construction of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infectious cDNA clone and a replicon to study coronavirus RNA synthesis Search for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in currently approved drugs to tackle COVID-19 pandemia Engineering a replication-competent, propagation-defective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a vaccine candidate Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Comparative host gene transcription by microarray analysis early after infection of the Huh7 cell line by SARS coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E
- keywords: antibodies; available; binding; capacity; cell; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; cross; cytopathic; dif; different; dilution; disease; elisa; flebogamma; gamunex; grifols; hcov; human; igg; inc; infection; intravenous; isolates; ivig; kit; lots; mers; neutralization; neutralizing; patients; pfu; plasma; prnt50; products; protein; reactivity; reduction; respiratory; results; sars; severe; significant; spike; study; subunit; syndrome; tested; therapeutic; titers; usa; vero
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- cord-296250-7ln7p715
- author: Wang, Sheng-Fan
- title: The pharmacological development of direct acting agents for emerging needed therapy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
- date: 2020-05-20
- words: 4978
- flesch: 35
- summary: In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds Interferon priming enables cells to partially overturn the SARS coronavirus-induced block in innate immune activation Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Proposal for vaccination against SARS coronavirus using avian infectious bronchitis virus strain H from The Netherlands Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Current treatment options and the role of peptides as potential therapeutic components for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): a review Managing SARS amidst uncertainty Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area Critics slam treatment for SARS as ineffective and perhaps dangerous Washington State 2019-nCoV Case Investigation Team. 18 Earlier evidence demonstrated that the combination of ribavirin and IFN-β had a synergistic effect for inhibiting the replication of SARS coronavirus in animal and human cell lines.
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; agents; antibody; antiviral; binding; cell; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; development; disease; drug; efficacy; entry; epitopes; evidence; fusion; future; genome; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; ifns; immune; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitor; innate; interferon; ivermectin; kinase; like; lopinavir; mechanism; mers; ncov; neuraminidase; novel; nuclear; nucleocapsid; patients; plasma; potential; protease; protein; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; response; ribavirin; ritonavir; rna; sars; severe; specific; spike; strategy; structural; study; syndrome; system; target; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; trial; vaccine; viral; viruses; vitro
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- cord-296268-kb7fgfaq
- author: Mendonça, Luiza
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Assembly and Egress Pathway Revealed by Correlative Multi-modal Multi-scale Cryo-imaging
- date: 2020-11-05
- words: 2650
- flesch: 38
- summary: CryoFIB/SEM images clearly reveal virus exiting tunnels in 3D at the cell 269 periphery connecting to cell membrane ( Figure 5A -B, Movie 2). This likely resulted from the 270 fusion of very large multi-virus containing vesicles with cell membrane, i.e. egress through exocytosis.
- keywords: alignment; analysis; assembly; averaging; cell; cellular; compartments; coronavirus; cov-2; cryo; cryoet; cryofib; dataset; egress; emclarity; figure; final; genome; grids; imaging; infected; infection; membrane; milling; multi; pixel; protein; ray; replication; rna; sars; serial; series; size; soft; spike; stage; structural; tilt; tomography; vesicles; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-296362-9vi8xwu7
- author: Wang, Jian-Min
- title: Construction of a non-infectious SARS coronavirus replicon for application in drug screening and analysis of viral protein function
- date: 2008-09-12
- words: 3496
- flesch: 50
- summary: Though SARS epidemic was finally controlled by patient isolation and the ban of wild animal trading, the significant morbidity and mortality, especially the potential threat from SARS reemergence, reminds us the continuous risk facing the public health system [1] . The severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Full-length genome sequences of two SARS-like coronaviruses in horseshoe bats and genetic variation analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage Identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase proteins Role of nucleotides immediately flanking the transcription-regulating sequence core in coronavirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis Sequence motifs involved in the regulation of discontinuous coronavirus subgenomic RNA synthesis Coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is a cap-0 binding enzyme possessing (nucleoside-2 0 O)-methyltransferase activity The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus replicative protein nsp9 is a single-stranded RNAbinding subunit unique in the RNA virus world A second, non-canonical RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in SARS coronavirus Discovery of an RNA virus 3 0 ->5 0 exoribonuclease that is critically involved in coronavirus RNA synthesis Analysis of intraviral protein-protein interactions of the SARS coronavirus ORFeome The SARS-Coronavirus PLnc domain of nsp3 as a replication/transcription scaffolding protein Efficient assembly and release of SARS coronavirus-like particles by a heterologous expression system Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus group-specific open reading frames encode nonessential functions for replication in cell cultures and mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane Augmentation of chemokine production by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3a/X1 and 7a/X4 proteins through NF-kappaB activation Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 3a protein forms an ion channel and modulates virus release Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Orf3a protein interacts with caveolin Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Construction of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infectious cDNA clone and a replicon to study coronavirus RNA synthesis A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus that lacks the E gene is attenuated in vitro and in vivo Derivation of a novel SARS-coronavirus replicon cell line and its application for anti-SARS drug screening The nsp2 replicase proteins of murine hepatitis virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are dispensable for viral replication Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 suppresses host gene expression, including that of type I interferon, in infected cells Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus This work was jointly funded by the State Key Program for Basic Research Grant (2005CB523004) from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, the Knowledge Innovation Program Key Project administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX1-YW-R-07).
- keywords: acute; analysis; antiviral; cdna; cells; clone; constructed; coronavirus; cov; covs; deds; deletion; drugs; e-64d; egfp; expression; fig; fluorescence; fragment; functions; gene; genome; infectious; like; min; non; nsp1; nsp2; pbac; pcr; plasmid; proteins; real; replicase; replication; replicon; respiratory; results; reverse; ribavirin; rna; sars; sequence; severe; site; structural; study; syndrome; system; time; transcription; transfection; vector
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- cord-296426-upwsdgso
- author: Virmani, Sarthak
- title: Identifying a Kidney Transplant Recipient COVID Phenotype to Aid Test Utilization in the Setting of Limited Testing Availability - Does One Exist?
- date: 2020-06-20
- words: 4404
- flesch: 44
- summary: Intriguingly, patients with a history of polyoma BK viremia (BKV) had a higher incidence of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to patients without history of BKV (80% and 28%, respectively; p= 0.002). Intriguingly, patients with a history of polyoma BK viremia (BKV) had a higher incidence of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to patients without history of BKV (80% and 28%, respectively; p= 0.002).
- keywords: abo; anosmia; association; availability; belatacept; bkv; blood; center; china; cohort; common; cov-2; covid-19; data; diabetes; difference; disease; early; fever; general; group; higher; history; immunosuppression; infection; kidney; knowledge; ktrs; level; likely; limited; lower; lymphopenia; negative; pandemic; patients; population; positive; qapi; recipients; risk; sars; significant; symptoms; table; testing; transplant; viremia
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- cord-296602-19noki6p
- author: Law, Helen KW
- title: Toll-like receptors, chemokine receptors and death receptor ligands responses in SARS coronavirus infected human monocyte derived dendritic cells
- date: 2009-06-08
- words: 4431
- flesch: 49
- summary: Recently, aged BALB/ c mice have shown to develop more severe disease after SARS infection CCR7 is a new member of dendritic cell chemokine receptor that is up-regulated upon maturation Infection of mature dendritic cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 dramatically reduces lymphoid chemokine-mediated migration Chemokine: receptor structure, interactions, and antagonism Death and survival: viral regulation of TNF signaling pathways Measles virus induces functional TRAIL production by human dendritic cells HIV type 1-infected dendritic cells induce apoptotic death in infected and uninfected primary CD4 T lymphocytes Targeting the function of mature dendritic cells by human cytomegalovirus: a multilayered viral defense strategy Frontline: Induction of apoptosis and modulation of c-FLIPL and p53 in immature dendritic cells infected with herpes simplex virus Regulation of Toll-like receptors in human monocytes and dendritic cells Toll-like receptors as an escape mechanism from the host defense Identification of oxidative stress and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury Impaired responses to toll-like receptor 4 and toll-like receptor 3 ligands in human cord blood Control of coronavirus infection through plasmacytoid dendritic-cell-derived type
- keywords: actin; acute; adult; apoptosis; blood; ccrs; cells; chemokine; children; copies; coronavirus; cov; dcs; death; dendritic; different; expression; fig; function; gene; higher; hong; host; human; immature; immune; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; kong; ligands; like; low; lung; mechanisms; mice; migration; post; previous; receptors; regulatory; respiratory; responses; rna; role; sars; severe; severity; significant; study; syndrome; table; tlr-7; tlrs; toll; trail; type; upregulation; usa; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-296986-8fuj072z
- author: Kumar, Manish
- title: A chronicle of SARS-CoV-2: Part-I - Epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, transmission and treatment
- date: 2020-05-15
- words: 4473
- flesch: 40
- summary: The Lancet infectious diseases Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19 Rapid antigen tests for dengue virus serotypes and Zika virus in patient serum Will coronavirus pandemic diminish by summer The FDA-approved Drug Ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Features, evaluation and treatment coronavirus (COVID-19) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: lessons from bats and birds The effects of temperature and relative humidity on the viability of the SARS coronavirus Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia Statens Serum Institut. The Lancet infectious diseases Radiologic pattern of disease in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: the Toronto experience Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis Another decade, another coronavirus The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads.
- keywords: acute; age; antiviral; april; asymptomatic; binding; body; cases; cfr; characteristics; chest; china; clinical; community; conditions; control; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; days; death; diagnosis; disease; drugs; early; effects; epidemiological; et al; group; health; high; higher; host; human; humidity; hydroxychloroquine; immune; infected; infection; influenza; information; kumar; like; lungs; mechanism; ncov; novel; outbreak; pandemic; patients; people; plasma; pneumonia; potential; protein; rate; replication; respiratory; review; risk; sars; serum; severe; storm; study; symptoms; syndrome; temperature; testing; therapy; transmission; treatment; viral; wuhan
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- cord-297132-lhfa9fl5
- author: Aghagoli, Ghazal
- title: Neurological Involvement in COVID-19 and Potential Mechanisms: A Review
- date: 2020-07-13
- words: 5953
- flesch: 31
- summary: Clin Basic Evid Detection of SARS coronavirus RNA in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses Activation of glial cells by human coronavirus OC43 infection Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan Detection of coronavirus RNA and antigen in multiple sclerosis brain Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 Human coronavirus OC43 infection induces chronic encephalitis leading to disabilities in BALB/C mice Apoptotic death of neurons exhibiting peripherin aggregates is mediated by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2 Differential expression of neuronal ACE2 in transgenic mice with overexpression of the brain renin-angiotensin system Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Awareness of the possible neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients is of utmost importance to assist providers in the recognition, treatment, and management of potentially life-threatening neurologic complications.
- keywords: ace2; acute; ageusia; ais; angiotensin; anosmia; barrier; bilateral; blood; brain; case; cells; cerebral; cerebrovascular; changes; china; clinical; cns; complications; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; critical; csf; cytokine; days; direct; disease; dysfunction; early; elevated; encephalitis; encephalopathy; endothelial; evidence; expression; features; findings; hcov; human; illness; imaging; important; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; injury; involvement; levels; manifestations; mechanisms; mice; mri; necrotizing; negative; nervous; neurologic; neuronal; neurons; non; novel; observations; oc43; olfactory; patients; pcr; pneumonia; positive; possible; potential; protein; pulmonary; receptor; related; report; respiratory; rna; sars; series; severe; storm; stroke; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; tissue; transgenic; treatment; venous; viral; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-297332-rzf0cw1x
- author: Wang, Qidi
- title: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates
- date: 2016-04-11
- words: 8711
- flesch: 49
- summary: Coronavirus: Insight into the Humoral Immunity of SARS Screening and identification of linear B-cell epitopes and entry-blocking peptide of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus using synthetic overlapping peptide library Synthetic peptide vaccine design: synthesis and properties of a high-density multiple antigenic peptide system An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein efficiently binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2 Characterization of the heptad repeat regions, HR1 and HR2, and design of a fusion core structure model of the spike protein from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus Crystal structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein fusion core Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins Antibodydependent infection of human macrophages by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Antibodies Trigger Infection of Human Immune Cells via a pH-and Cysteine Protease-Independent FcγR Pathwa Synthesis of proteins by native chemical ligation Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection Generation of High-Affinity Antibody against T Cell-Dependent Antigen in the Ganp Gene-Transgenic Mouse A novel nuclear phosphoprotein, GANP, is up-regulated in centrocytes of the germinal center and associated with MCM3, a protein essential for DNA replication Real-time biospecific interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance and sensor chip technology Immobilization of proteins to a carboxymethyldextran-modified gold surface for biospecific interaction analysis in surface plasmon resonance sensors Kinetic analysis of monoclonal antibody-antigen interactions with a new biosensor based analytical system Author Contributions ∥ W.Q.D., Z.L.F., and K.K. equally contributed to this work. Using antibodies from SARS patients, we identified and characterized SARS-CoV B-cell peptide epitopes with disparate functions.
- keywords: 1164−1191; 471−503; 597−603; 597−625; 604−625; acid; acute; ade; alcohol; alveolar; amino; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antisera; average; binding; buffer; burden; cells; conditions; control; convalescent; copies; core; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; day; days; dengue; dependent; diluted; dna; dpi; elisa; enhancement; epitopes; fcγr; figure; free; fusion; group; high; hpf; human; igg; immunized; immunodominant; induced; infected; infection; infiltration; interval; lung; mab43; mabs; macaques; map; mechanism; mice; min; monkeys; monoclonal; mouse; neutralization; neutralizing; non; number; patients; pbs; pcr; peptide; plates; postinfection; primates; protein; reaction; respiratory; rhesus; sars; severe; solution; specific; spike; standard; strain; study; surface; syndrome; table; tissue; usa; vac1; vac2; vac3; vac4; vaccine; vero; viral; virus; visible; vitro
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- cord-297599-y4lu8m4k
- author: Luo, Hua
- title: Anti-COVID-19 drug screening: Frontier concepts and core technologies
- date: 2020-10-28
- words: 7681
- flesch: 39
- summary: Res Square Study on pneumonia prescription of traditional chinese medicine to prevent novel coronavirus coronavirus infection in different regions based on data mining Study on the medication regularity of traditional chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 based on data minin Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Rapid establishment of traditional Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV based on clinical experience and molecular docking Study on screening potential traditional Chinese medicines against 2019-nCoV based on Mpro and PLP Screening of Active Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine Against the Novel Coronavirus Based on Molecular Docking Prediction of active components and potential targets of Weixuening mixture for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia based on network pharmacology Study on active compounds of Yupingfeng San in preventing and treating COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology Exploring active compounds of Jinhua Qinggan Granules for prevention of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Research advances in application of biochip in traditional Chinese medicine Identifying potential treatments of COVID-19 from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by using a data-driven approach Study on the mechanisms of active compounds in traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of influenza virus by virtual screening Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations We would like to acknowledge and thank Prof. Mouse plays an important role in researches on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases associated with human virus infection [45] [46]
- keywords: a549; ace2; active; activity; addition; analysis; animal; anti; antibody; antiviral; basis; binding; cells; china; chinese; clinical; components; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; development; different; disease; docking; drugs; effective; expression; ferrets; formula; fusion; gene; global; h1n1; hamster; herbs; high; host; human; immune; important; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitors; institute; interactions; large; lung; macaques; mechanism; medicine; mers; mice; model; molecular; monkeys; mouse; multi; multiple; ncov; network; new; novel; old; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pharmacology; pneumonia; potential; prescriptions; present; prevention; protease; protein; radix; rapid; rbd; receptor; related; replication; research; researchers; respiratory; rhesus; role; sars; screening; severe; signal; similar; small; spike; studies; study; susceptible; symptoms; syndrome; target; tcm; team; technology; therapeutic; time; traditional; transgenic; transmission; treatment; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses; vivo
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- cord-297786-jz1d1m2e
- author: Hasan, Md. Mahbub
- title: Global and Local Mutations in Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 Genomes
- date: 2020-08-26
- words: 3273
- flesch: 48
- summary: According to a recent study on 48,635 of SARS CoV-2 genome sequences, 353,341 mutation events have been observed globally in comparison to the reference genome of Wuhan. In line with the global trend, D614G mutation in spike glycoprotein was predominantly high (95.6%) in Bangladeshi isolates.
- keywords: amino; analysis; average; bangladesh; clade; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; d614; different; disease; distribution; domain; european; g614; genomes; genomic; gisaid; global; higher; host; implications; isolates; like; mutations; new; nsp2; nsp3; number; orf1ab; orf3a; origin; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; phylogenetic; protein; replication; rna; sars; sequences; study; table; total; tree; ums; understanding; unique; variations; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-297842-hkr1wm3k
- author: Tilley, Kimberly
- title: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining the Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies in a University Student Population
- date: 2020-10-15
- words: 3896
- flesch: 39
- summary: University students are also expected to have different social connectedness compared with the general population, such as participation in athletics or social clubs [9, 10] . In this sample of university students, the following factors were associated with having a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: students with a history of loss of taste and/or smell were 4.0 times as likely to have a positive test, compared with those without this history (95% CI: 1.4e9.6); students with confirmed or suspected exposure to a positive COVID-19 case were 3.3 times as likely to have a positive test, relative to those without confirmed or suspected exposure (95% CI: 1.4e7.0).
- keywords: angeles; antibodies; antibody; april; borderline; campus; campuses; cases; category; college; community; coronavirus; county; cov-2; covid-19; data; degree; disease; factors; graduate; health; history; igg; ihe; infection; international; los; march; negative; participants; population; positive; potential; prevalence; prior; program; respiratory; risk; sample; sars; seroprevalence; spread; spring; students; study; symptoms; syndrome; test; testing; time; undergraduate; university
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-297941-7yut9vt4
- author: Haq, M.
- title: Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of SARS CoV-2 in Health Care Workers of Tertiary-Care Hospitals in the Province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- date: 2020-09-30
- words: 2709
- flesch: 52
- summary: (which was not certified by peer review) preprint In different professional category, the highest seroprevalence were identified in Lab technicians (50·0%, 95% CI 31·8-68·1) followed by paramedical staff (42.0%, 95% CI 34.2 -50.1), ward staff (39·8%, 95% CI 29·4 -50·7) and nursing staff (38·8%, 95% CI 32·1 -45·7). The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 30·7% (CI 95%: 27·8 -33·6).
- keywords: age; analysis; antibodies; antibody; asymptomatic; author; available; care; copyright; cov-2; covid-19; funder; hcws; healthcare; higher; holder; international; license; medrxiv; pakistan; patients; peer; perpetuity; preprint; review; risk; sars; september; seropositive; seropositivity; seroprevalence; staff; studies; study; version; workers
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-298067-awo3smgp
- author: Li, Huanjie
- title: Transmission Routes Analysis of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Case Report
- date: 2020-07-10
- words: 4863
- flesch: 45
- summary: Fecal transmission mode accounts for a small proportion of respiratory virus transmission. Summarizing the published articles, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, we combined with epidemiological and clinical data to analyze the possible routes of asymptomatic patients with virus infection in order to provide the basis for suppressing the spread of the virus, and antiviral treatment and advice for the protection of medical staff.
- keywords: acid; asymptomatic; blood; cases; china; clinical; conjunctival; conjunctivitis; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; days; diagnosis; disease; droplets; early; et al; evidence; eyes; fecal; feces; figure; hands; high; hospital; human; infected; infection; isolation; jinan; lungs; mers; ncov; novel; nucleic; ocular; oral; outbreak; patients; person; pneumonia; positive; respiratory; route; samples; sars; secretions; shandong; spread; stool; study; surface; symptoms; throat; tract; transmission; viral; virus; viruses; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-298669-g2up0cfi
- author: Pollock, David D
- title: Viral CpG deficiency provides no evidence that dogs were intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-07-13
- words: 3265
- flesch: 36
- summary: Hence, CpG depletion is not a unique feature of dog viruses or SARS-CoV-2. These results are relevant because they mean that bats and pangolins, the most likely pre-human hosts at present, have equal mechanistic potential to select against viral CpG content as dogs.
- keywords: antiviral; apobec3; bat; bats; boni; content; coronaviruses; cov-2; cpg; cpgs; data; deficiency; depletion; dinucleotide; dogs; et al; events; evidence; evolutionary; fig; genomes; genomic; host; human; icpg; intermediate; key; levels; likely; low; molecular; natural; origins; pangolins; protein; ratg13; recent; recombination; related; rna; role; sars; selection; species; supplementary; table; time; viral; viruses; xia; zap
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-298850-tgxfki7n
- author: Figuero-Pérez, Luis
- title: Anakinra as a potential alternative in the treatment of severe acute respiratory infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 refractory to tocilizumab
- date: 2020-10-15
- words: 1030
- flesch: 39
- summary: We present a case report of a 51-year-old man diagnosed with severe respiratory infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 that was refractory to antiviral and anti-IL-6 treatment, with a favourable clinical outcome and analytical improvement after treatment with anti-IL-1 (anakinra). The use of anti-IL-6 antibodies in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is currently under study, being one of the current pillars of COVID-19 disease treatment.
- keywords: activation; anakinra; anti; bilateral; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; il-1; il-6; improvement; infection; patient; pneumonia; respiratory; sars; secondary; severe; syndrome; tocilizumab; treatment; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-298989-qk0k2lmz
- author: , Umesh
- title: Identification of new anti-nCoV drug chemical compounds from Indian spices exploiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease as target
- date: 2020-05-13
- words: 3230
- flesch: 43
- summary: SARS-CoV-2 main protease, a potential drug target, crystal structure (PDB-ID: 6Y84) was available and used for docking simulation and identification of potential drug molecule form Indian spices. Both the Alpha ketoamide and Arjun glycoside ligand bound complex are stable and positioned in the range of $2Å, which is close to the apo protein till 47 th ns.
- keywords: active; alpha; anti; apo; arjun; binding; bonds; carnosol; chemical; complex; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cys145; database; docking; drug; energy; et al; figure; glycoside; human; hydrogen; indian; inhibitors; interactions; ketoamide; ligand; main; molecular; molecules; mpro; ncov; novel; parameters; potential; protease; protein; range; rmsd; rna; rosmanol; sars; screening; simulation; site; spices; stable; structure
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-299093-zp07aqpm
- author: Harrison, Andrew G.
- title: Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and pathogenesis
- date: 2020-10-14
- words: 6401
- flesch: 34
- summary: A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues Atlas of ACE2 gene expression in mammals reveals novel insights in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 A Transmembrane Serine Protease Is Linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor and Activates Virus Entry Single-cell RNA expression profiling of ACE2, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure Endocytosis of the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein together with virus receptor ACE2 Cigarette smoke exposure and inflammatory signaling increase the expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in the respiratory tract Furin cleavage of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein enhances cell-cell fusion but does not affect virion entry SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: a bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes High Prevalence of Concurrent Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Patients with SARS-CoV-2: Early Experience from California Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2 Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus infection Evidence of Airborne Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination Role of air distribution in SARS transmission during the largest nosocomial outbreak in Hong Kong Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia at admission in Wuhan Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany The clinical feature of silent infections of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Wenzhou Possible modes of transmission of Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: a review SARS: experience at Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized and Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a Tertiary Care Medical Center The Twilight of Immunity: Emerging Concepts in Aging of the Immune System Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China The aging transcriptome and cellular landscape of the human lung in relation to SARS-CoV-2 Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in 104 people with SARS-CoV-2 infection on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: a retrospective analysis Clinical characteristics of 82 cases of death from COVID-19 Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: A comparison with young and middle-aged patients Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Dendritic Cell and T Cell Responses Cellular Immune Responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection in Senescent BALB/c Mice: CD4+ T Cells Are Important in Control of SARS-CoV Infection Evasion by Stealth: Inefficient Immune Activation Underlies Poor T Cell Response and Severe Disease in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 activates lung epithelia cell proinflammatory signaling and leads to immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients by single-cell sequencing The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology C-reactive protein: Ligands, receptors and role in inflammation Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia SARS coronavirus pathogenesis: host innate immune responses and viral antagonism of interferon Interaction of SARS and MERS Coronaviruses with the Antiviral Interferon Response Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients Regulation of IRF-3 dependent innate immunity by the Papainlike protease domain of the SARS coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Papain-Like Protease Ubiquitin-Like Domain and Catalytic Domain Regulate Antagonism of IRF3 and NF-κB Signaling Crystal Structure of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Papain-like Protease Bound to Ubiquitin Facilitates Targeted Disruption of Deubiquitinating Activity to Demonstrate Its Role in Innate Immune Suppression Interleukin-1β Induces mtDNA Release to Activate Innate Immune Signaling via cGAS-STING Coronavirus Papain-like Proteases Negatively Regulate Antiviral Innate Immune Response through Disruption of STING-Mediated Signaling Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein nsp1 is a novel eukaryotic translation inhibitor that represses multiple steps of translation initiation Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus nsp1 Inhibits Host Gene Expression by Selectively Targeting mRNAs Transcribed in the Nucleus while Sparing mRNAs of Cytoplasmic Origin Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 Evasion of type- Indeed, similar inflammatory milieux have been associated with severe lung pathology in SARS patients, along with the notable 'cytokine storm' that can present in critically ill COVID-19 patients [83, 84]
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; aerosol; analysis; antibody; antiviral; blood; causes; cell; characteristics; china; clinical; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; disease; early; entry; enzyme; epidemic; epithelial; evasion; evidence; expression; fecal; figure; functional; high; higher; host; human; ifn; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; lung; macaques; mechanisms; mers; mice; middle; mild; models; mortality; mouse; neutralizing; nhps; non; novel; oral; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathology; pathway; patients; pneumonia; population; protection; proteins; r n; receptor; relative; replication; respiratory; responses; rhesus; rna; role; route; sars; severe; signaling; spike; spread; studies; study; symptomatic; symptoms; syndrome; testing; tissue; tmprss2; tract; transgenic; transmission; tropism; type; urt; viral; wuhan
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- cord-300041-1d9xu4ts
- author: Chen, Sharon C-A
- title: Focus on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
- date: 2020-10-08
- words: 1024
- flesch: 29
- summary: Laboratory diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Implementation and evaluation of a novel real-time multiplex assay for SARS-CoV-2: in-field learnings from a clinical microbiology laboratory Virus isolation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for diagnostic and research purposes Comparative analysis of three laboratory based serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 in an Australian cohort Head-to-head evaluation on diagnostic accuracies of six SARS-CoV-2 serological assays Clinical evaluation of four commercial immunoassays for the detection of antibodies against established SARS-CoV-2 infection Clinical evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care tests Laboratory biosafety measures involving SARS-CoV-2 and the classification as a Risk Group 3 biological agent Sample pooling is a viable strategy for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low-prevalence settings SARS-CoV-2 in children: spectrum of disease, transmission and immunopathological underpinnings Accuracy amidst ambiguity: false positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests when COVID-19 prevalence is low The impact of viral transport media on PCR assay results for the detection of nucleic acid from SARS-CoV-2 Contamination of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR probes at the oligonucleotide manufacturer Histopathology of cutaneous COVID-19 lesion: possible SARS-CoV-2 cytopathogenic effect Is prostate infarction and acute urinary retention a possible complication of severe COVID-19 infection? Isolation and rapid sharing of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from the first patient diagnosed with COVID-19 in Australia Revealing COVID-19 transmission in Australia by SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing and agent-based modeling Rapid deployment of pathology services to a remote Australian quarantine setting during the COVID-19 pandemic Toronto: The SARS Commission However, by having a single edition, with broad focus on human pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we aim to provide the readers of Pathology with insights from different areas of COVID-19 diagnosis.
- keywords: acute; australian; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnostic; disease; evaluation; health; infection; isolation; laboratory; pandemic; pathology; public; quarantine; respiratory; sars; setting; severe; syndrome; tests
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- cord-300399-21xozruq
- author: Jayamohan, Harikrishnan
- title: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a review of molecular diagnostic tools including sample collection and commercial response with associated advantages and limitations
- date: 2020-10-18
- words: 13021
- flesch: 38
- summary: Recent studies on four different commercial antigen tests demonstrated a wide range of sensitivities from 16.7 to 85% (with 100% specificity) in COVID-19 clinical samples [113] . Such methods have been extensively reviewed [44, 163, 164] and will need to be validated with COVID-19 clinical samples.
- keywords: acid; addition; advances; alternative; amplification; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antigen; approaches; assay; care; cas13; cases; cdc; cdna; chain; challenges; clinical; clinical samples; collected; collection; commercial; comparison; complementary; control; coronavirus; cost; cov-2; covid-19; crispr; critical; current; data; design; detection; development; diagnostic; different; direct; disease; dna; dpcr; early; environmental; evaluation; extraction; false; fda; fig; free; future; gene; generation; genome; global; healthcare; high; higher; home; human; important; infected; infection; instance; isothermal; large; lateral; library; limitations; load; low; lower; methods; models; molecular; multiple; multiplexed; nanopore; nasopharyngeal; need; negative; ngs; novel; nucleic; onset; outbreak; pandemic; pathogen; patients; pcr; performance; platforms; poc; point; population; potential; preparation; presence; primer; probe; protein; protocols; qpcr; rapid; reaction; reagents; real; recent; reported; respiratory; response; results; reverse; review; rna; role; saliva; sample collection; samples; sampling; sars; scale; screening; self; sensitive; sensitivity; sequence; sequencing; serological; sets; severe; single; specific; specificity; spike; spread; sputum; step; studies; study; surface; surveillance; swabs; symptoms; target; technologies; testing; tests; throughput; time; tool; transmission; turnaround; unique; use; useful; viral; wide; work
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- cord-300716-urmogf97
- author: Briguglio, Matteo
- title: Disentangling the Hypothesis of Host Dysosmia and SARS-CoV-2: The Bait Symptom That Hides Neglected Neurophysiological Routes
- date: 2020-06-05
- words: 9895
- flesch: 30
- summary: The gut-associated lymphoid tissue with the mesenteric lymph nodes and the microfold cells are in charge of the sampling, phagocytosis, and transcytosis of luminal molecules, viruses, bacteria, parasites, and dietary supplements (Briguglio et al., 2020a) , being critical for the first-line immune responses of the host (Mabbott et al., 2013) . Among the circumventricular organs, the area postrema is an important local site that allows the touching of circulating substances with the brain parenchyma (Briguglio et al., 2018) .
- keywords: access; accesses; ace2; acute; acute respiratory; airways; associated; authors; axonal; barrier; blood; brain; brainstem; bulb; cause; cavity; cells; central; central nervous; cerebrospinal; conditions; consequences; contact; contagion; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; critical; damages; death; different; direct; disease; disorders; drug; dysosmia; early; end; ensheathing; enteric; epithelium; et al; fatal; fibers; flow; fluid; function; gut; health; host; human; hypothesis; hypoxia; immune; important; individuals; infected; infected patients; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; intranasal; invasion; level; likely; local; long; loss; lungs; lymphatic; main; manifestations; mechanisms; mucosa; nasal; nerve; nervous; nervous system; networks; neural; neuroinvasive; neurological; neuronal; neurons; neuropsychiatric; neurotropic; new; non; novel; observed; olfactory; olfactory bulb; outbreak; particles; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peripheral; pneumonia; possibility; possible; potential; presence; proliferation; proper; pulmonary; putative; receptor; reported; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; role; route; sars; sensory; severe; smell; spread; subjects; symptoms; syndrome; system; systemic; term; terminal; tissues; tract; transmission; transport; trigeminal; trojan; vessels; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-300968-dtaasxk1
- author: Kliger, Yossef
- title: From genome to antivirals: SARS as a test tube
- date: 2005-03-01
- words: 5118
- flesch: 38
- summary: The synergy between SARS fusion inhibitors and ACE2 or CD209L antagonists has not yet been investigated. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seventransmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor CC CKR5: a RANTES, MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta receptor as a fusion cofactor for macrophage-tropic HIV-1 Resistance to HIV-1 infection in caucasian individuals bearing mutant alleles of the CCR-5 chemokine receptor gene Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Structure-based discovery of a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein efficiently binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 CD209L (L-SIGN) is a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus The HIV Env-mediated fusion reaction HIV-1 gp41 six-helix bundle formation occurs rapidly after the engagement of gp120 by CXCR4 in the HIV-1 Env-mediated fusion process Sensitivity of HIV-1 to entry inhibitors correlates with envelope/coreceptor affinity, receptor density, and fusion kinetics Impact of mutations in the coreceptor binding site on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fusion, infection, and entry inhibitor sensitivity Anti-human immunodeficiency virus interactions of SCH-C (SCH 351125), a CCR5 antagonist, with other antiretroviral agents in vitro Strong in vitro synergy between the fusion inhibitor T-20 and the CXCR4 blocker AMD-3100 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry inhibitors PRO 542 and T-20 are potently synergistic in blocking virus-cell and cell-cell fusion Dilation of the influenza hemagglutinin fusion pore revealed by the kinetics of individual cell-cell fusion events Kinetics of influenza hemagglutinin-mediated membrane fusion as a function of technique Kinetically differentiating influenza hemagglutinin fusion and hemifusion machines Evolution of intermediates of influenza virus hemagglutininmediated fusion revealed by kinetic measurements of pore formation HIV-1 envelope proteins complete their folding into six-helix bundles immediately after fusion pore formation Early events of SARS coronavirus infection in vero cells Cloaked similarity between HIV-1 and SARS-CoV suggests an anti-SARS strategy Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARSassociated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors Suppression of SARS-CoV entry by peptides corresponding to heptad regions on spike glycoprotein Following the rule: formation of the 6-helix bundle of the fusion core from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein and identification of potent peptide inhibitors Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoproteinmediated viral entry Structural characterization of the fusion-active complex of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus Crystal structure of SARS-CoV spike protein fusion core Structural characterization of the SARS-coronavirus spike S fusion protein core Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeatderived peptides A RhoA-derived peptide inhibits syncytium formation induced by respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARScoronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus NTPase/helicase belongs to a distinct class of 5� to 3� viral helicases Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus Immunogenic peptide comprising a mouse hepatitis virus A59 B-cell epitope and an influenza virus T-cell epitope protects against lethal infection Field study of bovine coronavirus vaccine enriched with hemagglutinating antigen for winter dysentery in dairy cows A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Inhibition of hepatitis B virus in mice by RNA interference Inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus by small interfering RNA Old drugs as lead compounds for a new disease?
- keywords: ace2; acute; acute respiratory; aids; anti; antiviral; binding; ccr5; cd4; cell; cellular; characterization; coronavirus; cov; cycle; dependent; development; discovery; drug; enfuvirtide; entry; envelope; enzyme; epidemic; formation; fusion; genome; glycoprotein; gp41; helicase; heptad; hiv; hiv-1; host; human; identification; infection; influenza; inhibitors; life; main; membrane; molecular; nucleoside; patients; peptides; process; protease; protein; receptor; repeat; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; reverse; rna; sars; sequence; sequencing; severe; severe acute; similarity; site; small; spike; structural; syndrome; target; therapeutic; transcriptase; type; vaccine; viral; viruses; years
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- cord-301693-3hsu2u1k
- author: He, Yuwen
- title: Value of Viral Nucleic Acid in Sputum and Feces and Specific IgM/IgG in Serum for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019
- date: 2020-08-06
- words: 3557
- flesch: 46
- summary: In order to diagnose a large number of patients, samples of lower respiratory tract such as sputum with high positive rate are generally collected for viral nucleic acid detection (Han et al., 2020; We speculate that serological test can effectively make up for the omission risk of viral nucleic acid detection, thus possessing important value in the timely diagnosis and prevention of COVID-19.
- keywords: acid; affiliated; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; detection; diagnosis; discharge; fecal; feces; guangzhou; hospital; igg; igm; infection; kit; medical; nasal; negative; nucleic; patients; pcr; positive; reaction; respiratory; results; rna; samples; sars; specimens; sputum; study; swabs; symptoms; test; time; university; viral
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- cord-301730-flv5lnv8
- author: Pandey, Anamika
- title: Natural Plant Products: A Less Focused Aspect for the COVID-19 Viral Outbreak
- date: 2020-10-15
- words: 7111
- flesch: 35
- summary: Afterward, continuous efforts have been made to screen different plant sources via in silico, in vitro, and in vivo assays for anti-viral activity towards several viruses such as parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory syncytial virus, poliovirus type 1, herpes simplex virus (HSV), enteric coronavirus, and rotavirus (RV). Few compounds such as dihydrotanshinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza showed anti-viral activity against both SARS and MERS CoV by the inhibition of proteases and hindering of the viral entry, respectively (Park et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2018) .
- keywords: 3clpro; acid; action; activity; acute; agents; anti; antiviral; binding; broad; case; cell; chloroquine; clinical; compounds; concentration; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; covs; crucial; culture; development; different; disease; docking; drugs; ec50; effective; effects; emergence; entry; et al; experiments; extracts; figure; future; glycyrrhizin; hcov; hepatitis; herbal; hiv; human; identification; iii; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; like; long; main; medicinal; medicines; mers; molecular; natural; novel; outbreaks; pandemic; patients; phase; phyto; phytocompounds; phytoconstituents; plant; plpro; potential; previous; process; production; products; protease; protein; randomized; replication; reported; research; respiratory; results; rna; safety; sars; screening; sequence; severe; spectrum; studies; study; successful; syndrome; therapeutic; treatment; trials; types; value; viral; viruses; vitro; vivo; world
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- cord-301974-4wn40ivq
- author: Berry, Jody D
- title: Development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the SARS-coronavirus
- date: 2004-09-01
- words: 5883
- flesch: 46
- summary: Assays that detect the presence of virally encoded proteins or nucleic acids may be preferable for diagnosis of SARS infections as the development of serum antibodies in infected individuals is quite protracted (Li et al., 2003a) . This is important as early detection of SARS infections is key to risk management of this disease.
- keywords: agent; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assays; beta; binding; blots; bsa; cell; conditions; conformational; coronavirus; cov; data; days; development; diluted; dotblot; elisa; epitopes; et al; f26g15; fig; fusion; heat; human; hybridoma; immunoblot; infected; infection; lysates; mabs; medium; mice; min; monoclonal; mouse; murine; native; negative; neutralisation; neutralise; neutralising; non; nucleoprotein; oakville; patient; pbs; plates; positive; preparation; presence; properties; protective; protein; purified; quality; reactivity; sars; screening; sds; sera; serum; specific; spike; spike protein; supernatants; table; target; tbs; tests; vero; viral; virus; vitro; western
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- cord-302382-eifh95zm
- author: Owji, Hajar
- title: Immunotherapeutic approaches to curtail COVID-19
- date: 2020-08-21
- words: 11329
- flesch: 34
- summary: Immunology The FDA-approved gold drug Auranofin inhibits novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) replication and attenuates inflammation in human cells TNF-[alpha] inhibition for potential therapeutic modulation of SARS coronavirus infection Anti-inflammatory effect of thalidomide on H1N1 influenza virus-induced pulmonary injury in mice CD24 and Siglec-10 selectively repress tissue damage-induced immune responses CD24 and By contrast, a retrospective analysis of 401 patients with severe SARS revealed that corticosteroids led to reduced mortality rate and shortened hospital stay [163] .
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; acute respiratory; adaptive; administration; analysis; antibodies; antibody; approach; ards; associated; auranofin; baricitinib; binding; cells; china; clinical; control; convalescent; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cpt; cross; csf; current; cytokine; data; defense; development; dexamethasone; different; disease; distress; drug; effective; effects; efficacy; entry; epitopes; expression; fact; failure; following; higher; host; human; humoral; ill; immune; immune system; immunity; immunization; immunomodulators; immunotherapeutic; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibitors; injury; innate; instance; interaction; interferon; jak; kinase; lancet; level; like; lung; main; mechanism; mers; modulation; monoclonal; monoclonal antibodies; neutralization; neutralizing; novel; passive; pathogenesis; patients; plasma; pneumonia; polyclonal; potential; previous; production; protease; protein; rate; rbd; recent; receptor; related; replication; repurposed; respiratory; responses; results; review; role; sars; sars coronavirus; severe; specific; spike; stage; storm; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; table; target; therapeutic; therapy; tmprss2; tnf; transfusion; treatment; trial; type; use; vaccines; viral; viruses
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- cord-302584-fwdpzv85
- author: Zhu, Ying
- title: Isolation of Virus from a SARS Patient and Genome-wide Analysis of Genetic Mutations Related to Pathogenesis and Epidemiology from 47 SARS-CoV Isolates
- date: 2005-01-01
- words: 3432
- flesch: 52
- summary: In this report, we described the isolation of a new SARS-CoV strain (WHU) from a patient in Hubei Province, China during the late period of SARS outbreak. He worked in Beijing during that time when SARS outbreak was occurring.
- keywords: accession; analysis; cells; china; complete; coronavirus; cov; disease; epidemic; fig; genes; genetic; genome; high; hubei; human; isolates; like; mid; mutations; nucleotide; outbreak; pathogenesis; patient; pcr; period; positions; proteins; province; rate; residual; results; rna; sars; sequences; strain; study; table; taiwan; transmission; understanding; viral; virus; viruses; whu; wide
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- cord-302608-fw4pmaoc
- author: Huang, Jiao-Mei
- title: Evidence of the Recombinant Origin and Ongoing Mutations in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
- date: 2020-03-19
- words: 1894
- flesch: 45
- summary: Ninth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 MEGAHIT: an ultra-fast single-node solution for large and complex metagenomics assembly via succinct de Bruijn graph Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Naturally occurring mutations in PB1 affect influenza A virus replication fidelity, virulence, and adaptability Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): challenges in identifying its source and controlling its spread The molecular biology of coronaviruses IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies Severe acute respiratory syndrome From SARS coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses Jalview Version 2-a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench Mechanisms of host receptor adaptation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Management and prevention of SARS in China A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Figure 2b and Table S1 describe that all key amino acid residues of RBD (except two positions) are completely homologues between SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1_MN908947) and pangolin CoVs (pangolin/Guandong/1/2019 and pangolin/Guangdong/lung08), supporting our postulation of recombination event in S-protein gene.
- keywords: acid; amino; analysis; bat; beta; coronavirus; cov-2; covs; different; figure; genome; global; host; human; novel; pangolin; phylogenetic; protein; ratg13; rbd; receptor; recombination; residues; respiratory; sars; sequence; severe; similarity; spike; syndrome; transmission; tree; yunnan
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- cord-302707-cap2rgf7
- author: Ng, Dianna L.
- title: SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood
- date: 2020-09-17
- words: 4376
- flesch: 43
- summary: We additionally describe the longitudinal dynamics of immunoglobulin-G (IgG), immunoglobulin-M (IgM), and in vitro neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 patients. Longitudinal dynamics of IgG and IgM titers in COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: abbott; activity; agreement; antibodies; antibody; architect; area; assay; bay; blood; care; cells; clinical; cohort; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; detection; disease; donors; fig; francisco; hospitalized; igg; igm; infection; left; longitudinal; low; march; negative; neutralization; neutralizing; nt80; nucleocapsid; onset; patients; pcr; percent; plasma; populations; positive; post; protein; respiratory; results; samples; san; sars; sensitivity; seroconversion; seroprevalence; serum; specificity; spike; study; symptom; table; testing; time; titers; ucsf; value
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- cord-303216-1pbuywz6
- author: Das, Gaurav
- title: Neurological Insights of COVID-19 Pandemic
- date: 2020-04-22
- words: 2874
- flesch: 45
- summary: 5 The likeliness of COVID-19 patients to contract neurological infections can be exacerbated by secondary factors like smoking, which according to a pilot study can enhance the chances of contracting COVID-19 based neuroinfections due to the functional interactions between hACE2 and the nicotinic receptor (nAChR). So, when smokers smoke, it augments the expression of the hACE2 due to the nicotine stimulation of nAChR. 8 Hence, while performing autopsies on brains of COVID-19 patients, it would be wise to conduct smoker versus nonsmoker based analysis as this will help to shed light on smoking being an additional risk factor in COVID-19 patients along with age and already existing ailments.
- keywords: binding; brain; cns; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokine; design; disease; encephalopathy; entry; evidence; existing; figure; hace2; human; infection; interactions; lung; manifestations; nature; need; neuroinvasive; neurological; neurons; olfactory; pandemic; patients; point; protein; rbd; receptor; reports; sars; severe; spike; strategies; studies; study; symptoms; therapeutic; viral; virus; viruses; world
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- cord-303297-fiievwy7
- author: Oberemok, Volodymyr V.
- title: SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship
- date: 2020-04-30
- words: 4090
- flesch: 43
- summary: The viruses can be detected in 1-10% of patients with acute respiratory tract infections, and double infections with other respiratory viruses are common High expression of the ACE2 receptor, via which COVID-19 virus enters cells using its spike glycoprotein, was identified in type II alveolar cells (AT2) of the lung
- keywords: ace2; acute; bat; binding; cases; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; different; disease; drugs; evidence; flu; hcov; high; host; human; individuals; infected; infection; likely; mers; mortality; new; nl63; novel; number; oc43; origin; pandemic; pangolin; patients; people; population; possible; potential; protein; rate; receptor; recombination; related; relationship; resistant; respiratory; result; rna; sars; seasonal; severe; single; spike; strains; syndrome; time; type; vaccines; viral; virus; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-303517-8971aq02
- author: Cajamarca-Baron, Jairo
- title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Patients with some Degree of Immunosuppression
- date: 2020-10-16
- words: 9107
- flesch: 33
- summary: In this review, we will focus on describing the literature on SARS-COV-2 infection in patients with some degree of immunosuppression, other than rheumatological diseases, among these, cancer patients, transplant recipients, primary immunodeficiency, and HIV patients. Therefore, special recommendations should be considered for these patients, such as postponing adjuvant chemotherapy or elective surgery in people with stable cancer, especially in endemic areas, adopting stricter personal protection measures for cancer patients or cancer survivors, and considering stricter surveillance or treatment when cancer patients are infected with SARS-CoV-2.
- keywords: activity; affected; analysis; cancer; cancer patients; cardiovascular; care; cases; cell; characteristics; chemotherapy; china; chronic; clinical; comorbidities; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 infection; data; date; day; days; degree; diabetes; different; disease; doses; drugs; early; evidence; factors; fever; general; greater; group; health; higher; history; hiv; hospital; hospitalization; hydroxychloroquine; immune; immunodeficiency; immunosuppressants; immunosuppression; impact; important; infection; information; inhibition; inhibitors; intensive; kidney; liver; lopinavir; management; manifestations; mellitus; membrane; mers; meta; mortality; multiple; novel; number; old; outcomes; pandemic; patients; people; plasma; pneumonia; possible; primary; prognosis; protein; pulmonary; recent; recipients; recommendations; renal; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; ritonavir; sars; sclerosis; series; severe; severity; specific; status; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; tacrolimus; therapies; therapy; time; transmission; transplant; treatment; type; use; viral; worse; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-303741-1ou0cy5k
- author: Stafstrom, Carl E.
- title: COVID-19: Neurological Considerations in Neonates and Children
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 7042
- flesch: 34
- summary: The purpose of this review is twofold: (1) to discuss the available data about COVID-19 infections in neonates and children, and (2) to provide a perspective about potential neurologic involvement in neonates and children with COVID-19 infections, in view of neurobiological development. In the context of COVID-19 infection, the BBB may be dysfunctional, disrupted either by inflammatory response or the virus itself, allowing transmission of the virus or activated immune cells from the circulation into the CNS
- keywords: acute; adults; affected; age; animal; associated; available; barrier; bbb; brain; case; cell; central; children; china; chronic; clinical; cns; consequences; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cranial; csf; cytokine; data; disease; encephalopathy; entry; epithelium; evidence; fetus; guillain; headache; human; immune; impact; infants; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; involvement; long; manifestations; maternal; mechanisms; medical; mers; mice; models; multisystem; need; neonatal; neonates; nerve; nervous; neural; neurological; neurons; novel; olfactory; pandemic; pathways; patients; pediatric; pns; positive; possibility; potential; pregnant; pulmonary; receptors; related; reports; respiratory; response; review; risk; sars; section; seizures; sensory; series; severe; studies; symptoms; syndrome; system; systemic; table; term; tissue; transmission; viral; virus; women; young
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- cord-304073-f3iwclkm
- author: Mullick, Jhinuk Basu
- title: Animal Models to Study Emerging Technologies Against SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-07-27
- words: 5323
- flesch: 42
- summary: Having anatomical and physiological similarity with the human respiratory system, ferrets (Mustula putorius furo) have previously been used for studying SARS infection. The Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) has recently started re-producing the K18-hACE2 strain used to study SARS infection, 55 although systemic damage and neuroinflammation still did not represent the human clinical profile.
- keywords: ace2; acute; adult; aged; animal; animal models; antibodies; available; bat; bats; cats; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; development; disease; dogs; dpi; ferrets; fever; hamsters; high; human; immune; infection; inoculated; laboratory; lack; large; limited; loads; loss; lungs; macaques; mice; model; mortality; mouse; nabs; nasal; non; novel; organs; pathogenesis; pneumonia; primates; rapid; receptor; research; respiratory; rhesus; rna; sars; severe; shedding; similar; small; specific; spike; studies; study; susceptible; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; syrian; system; technologies; tract; transgenic; transmission; vaccination; vaccine; viral; viruses; weight
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- cord-304263-5kddk5fa
- author: C., Selvaa Kumar
- title: Comparative docking studies to understand the binding affinity of nicotine with soluble ACE2 (sACE2)-SARS-CoV-2 complex over sACE2
- date: 2020-10-08
- words: 3789
- flesch: 44
- summary: Mapping of nicotine binding residues of nN-AChR on INS1-sACE2 complex showed the nicotine-interacting residues flanked by the Asp368, Thr362, Lys363, Thr365, Thr371 and Ala372 residues located proximally to Cys344 ( Figure 5 ). ACE2 protein modelled using SWISS-MODEL online server wherein Protein Data Bank ID:
- keywords: acetylcholine; achr; acid; active; acute; adverse; affinity; amino; angiotensin; binding; characteristics; clinical; complex; conserved; converting; cov-2; covid-19; cys344; docking; enzyme; figure; grid; human; ins1; interaction; lung; model; neuronal; nicotine; nicotinic; patients; pdb; protein; receptor; region; residues; respiratory; review; sace2; sars; sequence; server; site; smokers; smoking; soluble; spike; stable; structure; study; system; therapeutic; trp302; virulence
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-304295-3mpymd8a
- author: Khan, Muhammad Muzamil
- title: Emergence of novel coronavirus and progress toward treatment and vaccine
- date: 2020-06-04
- words: 2944
- flesch: 39
- summary: It can inhibit chymotrypsin-like (3C-like) protease and has shown promising results against SARS coronavirus. Mild/Moderate 2019-nCoV Remdesivir RCT Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-β1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years Clinical management of respiratory syndrome in patients hospitalized for suspected Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the Paris area from Effect of chloroquine on the growth of animal viruses In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine An evaluation of chloroquine as a broad-acting antiviral against hand, foot and mouth disease FDA-approved drug, prevents Zika virus infection and its associated congenital microcephaly in mice Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Dose refinements in long-term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with antimalarials Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Clinical efficacy and side effects of antimalarials in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review Mechanism of endosomal TLR inhibition by antimalarial drugs and imidazoquinolines The ectodomain of Toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a functional receptor Immune stimulation mediated by autoantigen binding sites within small nuclear RNAs involves Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 Cutting edge: antimalarial drugs inhibit IFN-β production through blockade of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-DNA interaction Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine equally affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and interferongamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases Cinanserin is an inhibitor of the 3C-like proteinase of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and strongly reduces virus replication in vitro Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis Flavonoids: an overview Flavonoids from Pterogyne nitens inhibit hepatitis C virus entry Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids
- keywords: activity; acute; antiviral; binding; cell; china; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; dna; dose; effects; efficacy; entry; favipiravir; flavonoids; fusion; hcq; human; hydroxychloroquine; immunogenicity; infection; inhibit; like; mers; ncov; nitric; novel; oxide; patients; phase; pneumonia; potential; protease; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; rna; safety; sars; severe; studies; study; syndrome; treatment; trials; vaccine; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-304306-rxjahqwh
- author: Vlachakis, Dimitrios
- title: Molecular mechanisms of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and potential anti-COVID19 pharmacological targets since the outbreak of the pandemic
- date: 2020-10-08
- words: 8538
- flesch: 33
- summary: A different function of the N protein is its interaction with the protease subunit p42, which degrades viral proteins . Specifically, this interaction may impair proteolysis of viral proteins and their presentation to Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes, thus promoting viral evasion from immune effectors .
- keywords: ace2; acid; activity; acute; aforementioned; amino; antiviral; approaches; astuti; beta; binding; bismuth; catalytic; cell; cleavage; clinical; complex; compounds; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cycle; dependent; development; disease; domain; drug; effects; entry; envelope; enzyme; et al; favipiravir; form; function; fusion; genome; glycoprotein; golgi; hand; helicase; host; human; hydrophobic; immune; important; infection; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; interaction; leading; like; long; membrane; molecular; n protein; necessary; non; novel; nsp13; ntpase; nucleocapsid; nucleoside; number; papain; patients; pharmacological; phase; plpro; polymerase; position; possible; potential; processes; promising; protease; protein; rdrp; receptor; recombinant; region; remdesivir; replication; repurposing; research; residues; respiratory; response; review; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; sequence; severe; site; small; specific; spike; structural; studies; study; syndrome; synthesis; system; target; terminal; therapeutic; toxicity; transmembrane; treatment; unwinding; use; vaccine; viral; viral rna; viruses; ysrafil
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- cord-304418-k9owyolj
- author: Le Maréchal, M.
- title: COVID-19 in clinical practice: a narrative synthesis
- date: 2020-09-29
- words: 6303
- flesch: 43
- summary: Thromboembolic complications Several works have described the high incidence in COVID-19 patients of both venous and arterial thromboembolic diseases. Cardiac injuries have been described in COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: acute; anakinra; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assays; association; asymptomatic; cases; cell; characteristics; children; china; clinical; cohort; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; death; detection; difference; disease; early; efficacy; failure; french; group; hcq; health; higher; human; hydroxychloroquine; icu; ill; imaging; infected; infection; inflammatory; injury; kawasaki; large; load; lower; lpv; main; management; manifestations; moderate; mortality; ncov; non; novel; olfactory; onset; outcome; pandemic; patients; pcr; period; plasma; pneumonia; post; primary; protection; protein; pulmonary; receptor; remdesivir; respiratory; retrospective; review; risk; rtv; samples; sars; severe; severity; soc; spike; study; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; systematic; time; titers; transmission; treatment; trial; use; viral; work; wuhan
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- cord-304479-uxp1kg86
- author: Goodarzi, Pedram
- title: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Immunological approaches and emerging pharmacologic treatments
- date: 2020-08-08
- words: 8115
- flesch: 35
- summary: Furthermore, there are some open clinical trials for the therapeutic assessment of methylprednisolone on COVID-19 patients [57] . [58] , shows that at least six different published studies on the effect of corticosteroids on COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; agent; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; approaches; arbidol; associated; azithromycin; blood; cases; cells; china; clinical; colleagues; control; convalescent; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; current; cytokine; days; dengue; disease; drugs; early; ebola; effective; effects; efficacy; favipiravir; figure; group; hcq; high; hucmscs; human; hydroxychloroquine; il-6; immune; improved; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibits; ivermectin; load; lopinavir; mabs; mers; mesenchymal; mild; monoclonal; mortality; ncov; neutralizing; new; non; novel; nuclear; pandemic; patients; placebo; plasma; pneumonia; possible; potential; protein; randomized; rate; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; report; respiratory; results; review; ribavirin; risk; ritonavir; rna; safety; sars; severe; severe covid-19; severity; soluble; stem; storm; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; systematic; table; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; trials; viral; viruses
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- cord-304617-5ozf18lg
- author: Al-Khafaji, Khattab
- title: Using integrated computational approaches to identify safe and rapid treatment for SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-05-15
- words: 4370
- flesch: 42
- summary: Here we investigated the role of molecular weight upon the affinity of selected drugs to bind covalently to Cys145, whereas 57% of selected drugs which have molecular weight over than 600 g/ mol ( Figure 2 ). While the ratio of selected drugs decreased to be 16% of drugs which can form covalent bonding with over than À50 kcal/mol.
- keywords: affinity; analysis; apo; approach; available; average; binding; bond; computational; coronavirus; cov-2; covalent; covid-19; cys145; docking; drugs; dynamics; effective; energy; essential; et al; fda; figure; form; free; gromacs; health; hydrogen; inhibitors; interactions; irreversible; kcal; ligand; main; mmgbsa; molecular; mpro; new; novel; oseltamivir; possibility; possible; potential; protease; protein; remdesivir; repurposing; results; ritonavir; rmsd; saquinavir; sars; screening; simulations; site; stability; stable; structure; study; systems; target; time; treatment; value
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-304792-8sdxqmkb
- author: Khan, Md. Abdullah-Al-Kamran
- title: SARS-CoV-2 proteins exploit host’s genetic and epigenetic mediators for the annexation of key host signaling pathways that confers its immune evasion and disease pathophysiology
- date: 2020-05-08
- words: 2988
- flesch: 25
- summary: We have identified miRNA hsa-miR-429 whose transcription factor was also upregulated and targets were downregulated and this miRNA can have pivotal role in suppression of host immune responses. Integrating the experimentally validated host interactome proteins and differentially expressed host genes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we have taken a blend of computational and knowledgebase approach to delineate the interplay between host and SARS-CoV-2 in various signaling pathways.
- keywords: acid; antiviral; apoptosis; binding; cases; cells; cellular; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; database; death; deregulated; development; different; disease; epigenetic; etc; evasion; expression; factors; figure; functions; genes; host; hsa; human; hypoxia; immune; infection; inflammatory; innate; interactions; interferon; interplay; like; metabolism; pathogenesis; pathways; proteins; receptor; regulation; response; role; sars; signaling; target; toll; transcription; viral; virus; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-305587-xtqvtleb
- author: Ma, Cuiqing
- title: From SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: safety and broad-spectrum are important for coronavirus vaccine development
- date: 2020-05-11
- words: 2321
- flesch: -37
- summary: The red frame is the location where the variable amino acid residues between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 HR1. Importation and human-to-human 437 transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 441 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Transmission dynamics of 2019 novel coronavirus Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of 447 epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China Dynamically modeling SARS and other newly emerging respiratory 452 illnesses: past, present, and future Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome 454 (SARS) in Guangdong, People's Republic of China Epidemiological determinants of spread of 456 causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 458 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the 460 United States Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian 462 coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus 463 and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of 466 coronaviruses Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: 471 evidence for virus evolution Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using 482 human ACE2 Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in 484 engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2 SARS vaccine development Characterization of humoral responses in mice 488 immunized with plasmid DNAs encoding SARS-CoV spike gene fragments The spike protein of SARS-CoV -A target for vaccine and therapeutic 491 development Peptide nanoparticles as novel 493 immunogens: design and analysis of a prototypic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Vaccine Development of subunit vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome The COVID-19 vaccine 498 development landscape Immunogenicity of SARS inactivated vaccine in 500 BALB/c mice A subcutaneously injected UV-inactivated 502 SARS coronavirus vaccine elicits systemic humoral immunity in mice Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a 504 high level of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice Identification and characterization of novel neutralizing epitopes in the 506 receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein: revealing the critical antigenic determinants in inactivated 507 SARS-CoV vaccine Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine elicits high titers of spike protein-specific antibodies 509 that block receptor binding and virus entry Immunization with SARS 511 coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Glycan arrays lead to the discovery of autoimmunogenic activity of SARS-CoV Evaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV infection in 515 rhesus macaques immunized with an inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine Rationalizing the development of live attenuated virus vaccines Engineering attenuated virus vaccines by controlling replication fidelity Severe acute respiratory syndrome 521 coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice Adenoviral expression of a truncated S1 Intranasal vaccination of recombinant adeno-associated virus 533 encoding receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein induces 534 strong mucosal immune responses and provides long-term protection against SARS-CoV infection Immunization with modified vaccinia virus 537 Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in 538 ferrets A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine 540 protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease Evaluation of a recombination-resistant coronavirus as a 542 broadly applicable, rapidly implementable vaccine platform Safety and immunogenicity from a Phase I trial of inactivated severe acute 544 respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine A SARS DNA vaccine induces 546 neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a Phase I clinical trial Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 550 domain of human coronavirus spike Bat-to-human: spike features determining 'host jump'of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 552 and beyond MERS-CoV spike protein: Targets for vaccines and therapeutics Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein induces highly 556 potent neutralizing antibodies: implication for developing subunit vaccine Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 559 domain in spike protein Functional analysis of an epitope in the S2 subunit of the murine coronavirus spike protein: 69 Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory 571 syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human Identification of two critical amino acid residues of the 573 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for its variation in zoonotic tropism transition via a double 574 substitution strategy Structural analysis of major species barriers between humans and palm civets for severe acute respiratory 576 syndrome coronavirus infections Receptor recognition and cross-species infections of SARS coronavirus Mechanisms of host receptor adaptation by severe acute respiratory 579 syndrome coronavirus A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein 581 efficiently binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 A single amino acid substitution (R441A) in the receptor-binding domain of SARS coronavirus 583 spike protein disrupts the antigenic structure and binding activity Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 (previously 2019-nCoV) infection by a 585 highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate 586 membrane fusion Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein 588 protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcγRII-dependent entry into B cells in 589 vitro A 219-mer CHO-expressing receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV S 591 protein induces potent immune responses and protective immunity Recombinant receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike 593 protein expressed in mammalian, insect and E. coli cells elicits potent neutralizing antibody and protective immunity Antigenic and immunogenic characterization of recombinant 596 baculovirus-expressed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein: implication for vaccine design Anti-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 599 spike antibodies trigger infection of human immune cells via a pH-and cysteine protease-Independent FcγR pathway Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is 602 mediated by antibodies against spike proteins SARS CoV subunit vaccine: antibody-mediated 604 neutralisation and enhancement Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing 606 macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in MHV-JHM-induced demyelination Immunodominant SARS coronavirus epitopes in humans 610 elicited both enhancing and neutralizing effects on infection in non-human primates Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the spike glycoprotein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus induces protective neutralizing antibodies 613 primarily targeting the receptor binding region Identification of a critical neutralization determinant of severe acute 615 respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus: importance for designing SARS vaccines Identification of murine CD8 T cell epitopes in 617 codon-optimized SARS-associated coronavirus spike protein Antigenicity and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV S protein 619 receptor-binding domain stably expressed in CHO cells Receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 621 spike protein contains multiple conformation-dependent epitopes that induce highly potent neutralizing antibodies. The 622 MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals Advances in MERS-CoV vaccines and therapeutics based on the 626 receptor-binding domain Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein induces 628 long-term protective immunity in an animal model Priming with rAAV encoding RBD of SARS-CoV S protein and 630 boosting with RBD-specific peptides for T cell epitopes elevated humoral and cellular immune responses against 631 SARS-CoV infection Searching for an ideal vaccine candidate among different 633 MERS coronavirus receptor-binding fragments-the importance of immunofocusing in subunit vaccine design Cross-neutralization of human and palm civet severe acute 636 respiratory syndrome coronaviruses by antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain of spike protein Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS 639 coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody SARS-CoV fusion peptides induce membrane surface 641 ordering and curvature Expression and characterization of recombinant S2 subunit of SARS-coronavirus S 643 fusion protein Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for 645 MERS-CoV A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting the 647 N-terminal domain of the MERS-CoV spike protein Human monoclonal antibodies against highly conserved 649 HR1 and HR2 domains of the SARS-CoV spike protein are more broadly neutralizing Elicitation of immunity in mice after immunization with the S2 651 subunit of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Quantitative comparison of the efficiency of antibodies 653 against S1 and S2 subunit of SARS coronavirus spike protein in virus neutralization and blocking of receptor binding: 108 Specific asparagine-linked glycosylation sites are critical for DC-SIGN-and 661 L-SIGN-mediated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry Current advancements and potential strategies in the development of MERS-CoV vaccines Identification of an ideal adjuvant for 665 receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Virus detectives seek source of SARS in China's wild animals Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS 669 coronavirus from animals in southern China Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus 673 in Chinese horseshoe bats Alveolar surfactant homeostasis and the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease cGAS produces a 2'-5'-linked cyclic dinucleotide 677 second messenger that activates STING Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate 679 immune signaling by cytosolic DNA Pivotal roles of cGAS-cGAMP signaling in antiviral defense and 681 immune adjuvant effects Pulmonary surfactant-biomimetic nanoparticles potentiate 683 heterosubtypic influenza immunity Prospects for a dengue virus vaccine Don't rush to deploy COVID-19 vaccines and drugs without sufficient safety guarantees
- keywords: acid; acute; acute respiratory; amino; antibodies; antibody; binding; china; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; development; domain; fusion; hr1; human; immune; immunity; inactivated; infection; mers; mice; ncov; neutralizing; novel; potent; protein; rbd; receptor; recombinant; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; sars; severe; severe acute; spike; subunit; syndrome; vaccine
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- cord-305704-grzrkff9
- author: Almutairi, Abdulelah
- title: Dermatological Manifestations in Patients With SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review
- date: 2020-07-28
- words: 2292
- flesch: 44
- summary: This systematic review was carried out through searching electronic databases to include eligible studies in four databases, including MEDLINE®, PubMed®, Ovid, and Embase®. Lastly, the required data sets were collected from the final record of eligible studies and summarized.
- keywords: clinical; cov-2; covid-19; cutaneous; data; dengue; dermatological; different; erythema; infection; lesions; like; manifestations; patients; present; rash; respiratory; review; sars; severe; skin; studies; study; symptoms; systematic; types; urticaria
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-305856-xt3zxajf
- author: Shanmugam, Chandrakumar
- title: COVID-2019 – A comprehensive pathology insight
- date: 2020-09-18
- words: 4607
- flesch: 32
- summary: The earliest case of SARS CoV-2 infection currently known was reported on 31st December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province of China. Furthermore, SARS CoV-2 infection in pregnant women raised a possibility of vertical transmission.
- keywords: acute; alveolar; antibodies; antibody; associated; binding; blood; cases; cells; characteristics; chest; children; china; clinical; control; coronavirus; covid-19; current; days; detection; development; diagnosis; disease; dynamics; early; epidemiology; features; fibrinous; findings; group; health; high; higher; host; human; infected; infection; inflammatory; laboratory; levels; like; lower; lung; measures; mechanical; membrane; mers; mild; ncov; non; novel; opacities; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathology; patients; phase; pneumonia; positive; potential; protective; protein; pulmonary; receptor; related; report; respiratory; review; sars; severe; severity; similar; spike; spread; study; susceptibility; symptomatic; symptoms; syndrome; testing; therapeutic; therapy; transmission; treatment; understanding; use; vaccine; ventilation; viral; wuhan
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- cord-305931-0pgu2gvh
- author: Janus, Scott E
- title: COVID19: a case report of thrombus in transit
- date: 2020-06-17
- words: 1435
- flesch: 37
- summary: On hospital day 1, an infectious disease consultant recommended SARS-CoV-2 nasal swab PCR testing. Azithromycin and ceftriaxone were discontinued, and he was managed with an albuterol metered dose inhaler 2.5 mg every 6 h. On hospital day 3, a persistent sinus tachycardia (110 b.p.m.)
- keywords: activator; acute; case; cov-2; covid-19; day; embolism; heart; hospital; hypoxia; injury; patient; plasminogen; pneumonia; population; pulmonary; right; sars; severe; successful; therapy; thrombus; tissue; tpa; transit; utility
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-306177-5wefp31y
- author: Iheagwam, Franklyn Nonso
- title: Computer-Aided Analysis of Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic Targets: Identification of Potent Molecules from African Medicinal Plants
- date: 2020-09-12
- words: 4840
- flesch: 37
- summary: (Supplementary Materials) COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses e epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak COVID-19 outbreak: migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention COVID-19: from bench to bed side Novel coronavirus: from discovery to clinical diagnostics World Health Organisation, Naming the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Virus that Causes it 2020, World Health Organisation Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China World Health Organisation, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report-140, World Health Organisation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges Learning from the past: possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro COVID-19 pandemic: a pragmatic plan for ayurveda intervention Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment In silico tools to study molecular targets of neglected diseases: inhibition of TcSir2rp3, an epigenetic enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi Computational screening for potential drug candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease Drug repurposing for coronavirus (COVID-19): in silico screening of known drugs against coronavirus 3CL hydrolase and protease enzymes Potential inhibitors for novel coronavirus protease identified by virtual screening of 606 million compounds Rapid identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by deep docking of 1.3 billion compounds Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods Matrix metallopeptidase 9 as a host protein target of chloroquine and melatonin for immunoregulation in COVID-19: a network-based meta-analysis Large-scale ligand-based virtual screening for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors using deep neural networks Identification of novel compounds against three targets of SARS CoV-2 coronavirus by combined virtual screening and supervised machine learning Artificial intelligence approach fighting COVID-19 with repurposing drugs Consensus virtual screening of dark chemical matter and Food chemicals uncover potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease Fast identification of possible drug treatment of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) through computational drug repurposing study Marine natural compounds as potents inhibitors against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 a molecular dynamic study Databases for facilitating mechanistic investigations of traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19 Evaluation of traditional ayurvedic preparation for prevention and management of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) using molecular docking approach Identification of new anti-nCoV drug chemical compounds from Indian spices exploiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease as target Open babel: an open chemical toolbox LigParGen web server: an automatic OPLS-AA parameter generator for organic ligands A semiempirical free energy force field with charge-based desolvation Automated docking using a Lamarckian genetic algorithm and an empirical binding free energy function Model optimization and in silico analysis of potential dipeptidyl peptidase iv antagonists from GC-MS identified compounds in Nauclea latifolia leaf extracts SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes Verification of protein structures: patterns of nonbonded atomic interactions Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles 3D refine: an interactive web server for efficient protein structure refinement Combining global and local measures for structure-based druggability predictions GEMDOCK: a generic evolutionary method for molecular docking AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules ADMET lab: a platform for systematic ADMET evaluation based on a comprehensively collected ADMET database Advances in homology protein structure modeling QMEANDisCo-distance constraints applied on model quality estimation Computational methods in drug discovery Finding a potential dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for type-2 diabetes treatment based on molecular docking, pharmacophore generation, and molecular dynamics simulation Effects of different brewing conditions on catechin content and sensory acceptance in Turkish green tea infusions Heterogeneity of the interflavanyl bond in proanthocyanidins from natural sources lacking C-4 (C-ring) deoxy flavonoid nucleophiles e flavonoid chemosystematics of Egyptian Verbena species Bioactivity guided fractionation of Phyllanthus orbicularis and identification of the principal anti HSV-2 compounds Procyanidin B1 purified from Cinnamomi cortex suppresses hepatitis C virus replication Identification of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as SARS CoV-2 main protease inhibitors using in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches Flavonoidmediated inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease expressed in Pichia pastoris Procyanidins and butanol extract of Cinnamomi cortex inhibit SARS-CoV infection e role of flavonoids in the antiinflammatory activity of Chamomilla recutita e chemistry and biological activities of natural products from northern African plant families: from Taccaceae to Zygophyllaceae Luteolin-7-O-glucoside present in lettuce extracts inhibits hepatitis B surface antigen production and viral replication by human hepatoma cells in vitro Anti-HBV active flavone glucosides from Euphorbia humifusa willd Computational screening of antagonists against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus by molecular docking In silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer-official Siddha formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein Amino acid transporters as disease modifiers and drug targets In the course of drug discovery, structure-based virtual screening is a computational approach utilised to identify promising novel small chemical ligands from curated chemical compound databases with potential activity against drug targets [48] .
- keywords: ace2; acid; activity; african; analysis; antiviral; approach; autodock; binding; candidates; chemical; china; chloroquine; compounds; computational; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; discovery; disease; docking; drug; energy; ese; figure; galactoside; galloylcatechin; helicase; homology; human; hydrogen; hydroxychloroquine; identification; inhibitors; kcal; ligands; like; luteolin; main; medicinal; model; molecular; molecules; natural; novel; pandemic; plants; plpro; pocket; potential; proanthocyanidin; products; properties; protease; protein; rbd; rdrp; reported; respective; respiratory; rna; sars; screening; sequence; site; structure; study; synthesis; table; targets; therapeutic; tmprss2; toxicity; treatment; verbena; vina; virtual; zinc
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- cord-306373-61snvddh
- author: Xu, Xiao-Wei
- title: Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series
- date: 2020-02-19
- words: 3596
- flesch: 51
- summary: Consequently, over time more patients are expected to emerge across China and perhaps the world. It is possible that an even greater number of infected patients exist without a diagnosis because their symptoms were less severe and because of the incubation period.
- keywords: admission; cases; characteristics; china; clinical; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; daily; data; days; disease; exposure; fever; hospital; human; illness; infected; infection; interquartile; january; laboratory; median; mers; novel; number; onset; patients; people; period; province; range; respiratory; sars; study; symptoms; syndrome; time; transmission; treatment; wuhan; years; zhejiang
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- cord-306581-g3d0lqxp
- author: Khattab, Mohamed H.
- title: Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 from staging PET-CT
- date: 2020-09-29
- words: 1217
- flesch: 40
- summary: Given the presence of the reversed halo sign, the differential diagnosis strongly suggested viral infection, although this is not diagnostic for COVID-19 pneumonia and includes other non-specific viral infections as well as organizing pneumonia and eosinophilic pneumonia. To avoid myelosuppression in the setting of active infection, planned chemoradiation was delayed until cessation of viral shedding.
- keywords: anal; anosmia; asymptomatic; authors; cancer; chemoradiation; cov-2; covid-19; findings; glass; ground; halo; infection; lower; oncologists; patients; pcr; pet; pneumonia; reversed; right; routine; sars; staging; study; viral
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- cord-307489-2liu4anc
- author: Elavia, Nasha
- title: An Atypical Presentation of Acute Pulmonary Embolism With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pneumonia
- date: 2020-05-23
- words: 1322
- flesch: 36
- summary: In the light of significant discrepancy between severe hypoxia and the absence of respiratory symptoms or a respiratory viral syndrome, a pulmonary CT angiogram (CTA) was performed, which confirmed acute bilateral PE extending from the distal right main pulmonary artery into all right lobes along with patchy ground-glass opacities consistent with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (Figure 1 ). Here, we would like to describe a case of acute bilateral pulmonary embolism (PE) presenting with atypical gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- keywords: acute; atypical; authors; bilateral; case; chest; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; dimer; disease; embolism; gastrointestinal; infection; patients; pneumonia; presentation; pulmonary; relationships; respiratory; sars; severe; symptoms; syndrome; viral
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- cord-307701-fujejfwb
- author: Gaurav, Shubham
- title: Identification of unique mutations in SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated from India suggests its attenuated pathotype
- date: 2020-06-07
- words: 2076
- flesch: 49
- summary: Studies on SARS-CoV-2 are being carried out at an unprecedented rate to tackle this threat. Our results corroborate with the earlier reported 29-nucleotide deletion in SARS, which was frequent during the early stage of human-to-human transmission.
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; amino; beta; change; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; form; genome; human; india; isolates; mutation; nucleotide; orf8; patients; position; proline; protein; replication; residues; respiratory; result; rna; sars; sequence; severe; structure; syndrome; threonine; unique; viral; wuhan
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- cord-307860-iqk1yiw4
- author: Ionescu, Mihaela Ileana
- title: An Overview of the Crystallized Structures of the SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-10-24
- words: 9884
- flesch: 50
- summary: The role of programmed-1 ribosomal frameshifting in coronavirus propagation The proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19 From SARS to MERS: crystallographic studies on coronaviral proteases enable antiviral drug design Variable oligomerization modes in coronavirus non-structural protein 9 Dimerization of coronavirus nsp9 with diverse modes enhances its nucleic acid binding affinity Porcine deltacoronavirus nsp15 antagonizes interferon-beta production independently of its endoribonuclease activity Structural and biochemical characterization of endoribonuclease Nsp15 encoded by middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus Crystal structure of Nsp15 endoribonuclease NendoU from SARS-CoV -2 Biophysical methods in early drug discovery Pathogens Nonstructural proteins 7 and 8 of feline coronavirus form a 2:1 heterotrimer that exhibits primer-independent RNA polymerase activity The SARS-coronavirus nsp7+nsp8 complex is a unique multimeric RNA polymerase capable of both de novo initiation and primer extension Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNAdependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Remdesivir for COVID-19: challenges of underpowered studies RNA 3′-end mismatch excision by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein nsp10/nsp14 exoribonuclease complex Mechanism of inhibition of ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by remdesivir Bat flight and zoonotic viruses Analysis of coronavirus temperature-sensitive mutants reveals an interplay between the macrodomain and papain-like protease impacting replication and pathogenesis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like novel protease inhibitors: design, synthesis, protein-ligand X-ray structure and biological evaluation A noncovalent class of papain-like protease/deubiquitinase inhibitors blocks SARS virus replication Biochemical and immunological studies of nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome and 229E human coronaviruses Structural basis for the identification of the N-terminal domain of coronavirus nucleocapsid protein as an antiviral target A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins Entry of human coronavirus NL63 into the cell Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 TMPRSS2: a potential target for treatment of influenza virus and coronavirus infections X-ray structures of human furin in complex with competitive inhibitors Novel furin inhibitors with potent anti-infectious activity The biology and therapeutic targeting of the proprotein convertases Potential therapeutic targeting of coronavirus spike glycoprotein priming Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor A 193-amino acid fragment of the SARS coronavirus S protein efficiently binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 CD209L (L-SIGN) is a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites Computational prediction of furin cleavage sites by a hybrid method and understanding mechanism underlying diseases The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity Evidence for mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Italian isolates potentially affecting virus transmission The Spike D614G mutation increases SARS-CoV-2 infection of multiple human cell types Interaction of ACE2 and integrin beta1 in failing human heart Focus on receptors for coronaviruses with special reference to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential drug target -a perspective SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues A protein complex in the brush-border membrane explains a Hartnup disorder allele Further evidence for allelic heterogeneity in Hartnup disorder Tissue-specific amino acid transporter partners ACE2 and collectrin differentially interact with hartnup mutations Molecular basis for the interaction of the mammalian amino acid transporters B0AT1 and B0AT3 with their ancillary protein collectrin Expression and regulation of the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 in rat small intestine Epidermal growth factor receptor is a co-factor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus entry The human coronavirus HCoV-229E S-protein structure and receptor binding CD13 (human aminopeptidase N) mediates human cytomegalovirus infection Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics.
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; ace2; acid; activity; acute; affinity; alignment; amino; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; authors; b(0)at1; basis; bat; binding; biochemical; carmofur; catalytic; cell; cleavage; clustal; comparison; complex; compound; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; crucial; cryo; crystal; crystal structures; crystallized; cysteine; dependent; designing; differences; different; disease; docking; domain; drug; dyad; entries; entry; essential; et al; evolution; fig; form; furin; fusion; glycoprotein; hcov; host; https; human; human ace2; immune; immunity; important; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; interaction; like; mers; molecular; motif; multiple; mutation; neutralizing; new; non; novel; nsp15; nsp3; nsp7; nsp8; ntd; omega; pandemic; papain; patients; pdb; pj34; polymerase; potential; pro; program; protease; protein; ray; rbd; rdrp; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; research; residues; respiratory; response; results; rna; role; sars; sequence; severe; site; specific; spike; structures; studies; study; syndrome; table; targeting; terminal; therapeutic; transmission; understanding; uniprotkb; viral; work
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- cord-308110-cco3aq4n
- author: Okamoto, Mika
- title: The chemokine receptor antagonist cenicriviroc inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro
- date: 2020-07-30
- words: 2698
- flesch: 43
- summary: In this study, CVC was examined for its inhibitory effect on the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, in cell cultures and found to be a selective inhibitor of the virus. More recently, the anti-parasitic agent ivermectin has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell cultures (Caly et al., 2020) .
- keywords: absence; activity; antagonist; anti; antiviral; ccr2b; ccr5; cells; chemokine; compounds; covid-19; culture; cvc; fig; hiv-1; infected; infection; inhibition; japan; mrv; patients; pbs; potent; rdv; receptor; replication; rna; sars; selective; steatohepatitis; tmprss2; treatment; type; veroe6; viral; virus; vitro
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- cord-308252-qwoo7b1l
- author: Cardinale, Vincenzo
- title: Intestinal permeability changes with bacterial translocation as key events modulating systemic host immune response to SARS-CoV-2: A working hypothesis
- date: 2020-09-16
- words: 4606
- flesch: 30
- summary: As previously demonstrated in SARS-CoV-1, gastrointestinal manifestations are significant extrapulmonary complaints in Covid-19 patients [8] [9] [10] [11] . Covid-19 patients are at a high risk of both venous and arterial thromboembolism
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; ards; axis; bacterial; cases; cell; changes; chronic; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; crs; cytokine; damage; diabetes; diarrhoea; different; disease; dysfunction; endothelial; evidence; expression; faecal; fig; gastrointestinal; gut; higher; host; human; ibd; icu; il-6; ill; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; intestinal; involvement; levels; liver; lung; metabolic; microbiota; mortality; negative; non; novel; outcomes; patients; permeability; probiotics; receptor; release; respiratory; response; review; risk; role; samples; sars; severe; severity; similar; small; study; symptoms; syndrome; systemic; target; tissue; tract; translocation; viral
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- cord-308342-ycdok8fc
- author: Shutler, J.
- title: Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from contaminated water systems
- date: 2020-06-20
- words: 3149
- flesch: 45
- summary: While 42 evidence for SARS CoV-2 is limited, other human coronaviruses are documented to 43 survive in wastewater effluent 9 , with colder water temperature likely to increase survival 44 considerably 3 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133504 doi: medRxiv preprint water temperature, needed to calculate virus survivability, was calculated from a climate 266 quality global lake temperature dataset (see below).
- keywords: author; available; concentration; copies; copyright; coronavirus; countries; country; cov-2; doi; drinking; faeces; feeding; funder; genome; high; holder; human; infection; international; international license; june; large; license; low; medrxiv; medrxiv preprint; perpetuity; preprint; review; risk; sars; sewage; systems; temperature; treatment; value; version; viral; virus; wastewater; water
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- cord-308583-vtmwv8zl
- author: Du, Qishi
- title: Molecular modeling and chemical modification for finding peptide inhibitor against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main proteinase
- date: 2005-02-15
- words: 3858
- flesch: 58
- summary: The experimental structure and the theoretical homology structure of SARS CoV M pro share many structural similarities, such as the catalytic active region and the Cys-His cleavage dyad These new findings from the experimental structure of SARS CoV M pro provide a reliable basis for inhibitor design.
- keywords: acid; active; amino; atomic; attack; background; bond; catalytic; charges; chemical; chou; cleavable; cleavage; coronavirus; cov; electron; experimental; fig; gaseous; gln; group; hydrophobic; inhibitor; interaction; ligand; mechanism; modification; modified; molecular; molecules; octapeptide; peptide; peptide bond; phase; point; pro; proteinase; protomer; quantum; receptor; region; residues; sars; sars cov; ser; sites; structure; table; water
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- cord-308857-otsrexqu
- author: Goel, Saurav
- title: Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic
- date: 2020-05-28
- words: 10617
- flesch: 43
- summary: Antibodies help prevent future infections by detecting the virus and binding to their surfaces signalling the body's immune system to destroy such viruses or virus-infected cells. PSS organic electrochemical transistors for chemical and biological sensors: a mini review COVID-19: A Risk Assessment Perspective Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes Anti-HIV drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Fast Identification of Possible Drug Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) through Computational Drug Repurposing Study Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals COVID-19:
- keywords: ace2; activity; aerosols; air; airborne; amr; analysis; antibacterial; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antimicrobial; antiviral; areas; aunp; available; bacteria; bats; blood; body; case; cells; change; coatings; contact; copper; coronavirus; cost; countries; cov-2; covid-19; current; data; detection; development; different; digital; direct; disease; drug; early; effective; efficiency; emergence; engineering; environment; essential; example; fatality; field; figure; filters; future; globe; graphene; health; help; high; hospitals; human; igg; igm; immune; inactivation; india; infected; infection; influenza; key; laser; life; light; like; line; lockdown; long; low; lungs; manufacturing; masks; material; measure; mechanism; medical; methods; microbes; micromachining; molecular; nanoparticles; new; non; novel; nps; pandemic; patients; people; permission; person; population; positive; problem; promise; properties; protective; protein; rapid; rate; receptors; region; release; research; researchers; resistance; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; rna; safe; sample; sars; secretions; sensing; sensitivity; severe; short; silver; size; sneeze; specific; specimen; spike; spray; spread; state; strategy; study; sunlight; surface; symptoms; system; techniques; technology; term; test; testing; thermal; time; tools; treatment; trials; use; uvc; vaccine; virus; viruses; work; world
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- cord-308945-i2agpvhk
- author: Phipps, William S
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Do Not Predict COVID-19 Disease Severity
- date: 2020-07-15
- words: 3176
- flesch: 43
- summary: We compared IgG levels from all SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients who had a mild/moderate disease course to those who had severe disease (admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU]), and there was no difference in IgG antibody levels between the 2 groups ❚Figure 3A❚. IgG levels and seroconversion based on the calculated index (S/C) were tracked over time.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; assay; cases; coronavirus; course; cov-2; covid-19; cross; data; days; disease; figure; high; human; igg; igm; index; infection; levels; mild; molecular; negative; onset; patients; pcr; population; positive; positivity; reactivity; respiratory; response; results; samples; sars; seroconversion; serologic; severe; severity; specificity; specimens; study; symptom; testing; time; total
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- cord-309074-pys4aa60
- author: Huang, Victoria W.
- title: Telehealth in the times of SARS-CoV-2 infection for the Otolaryngologist
- date: 2020-05-30
- words: 2645
- flesch: 37
- summary: A store-andforward model of telemedicine was implemented and a previously established telemedicine neurotology clinic in Baton Rouge forwarded clinical materials to a neurotologist in Pittsburgh, which resulted in positive anecdotal patient responses 33 .To identify specific areas in otolaryngology that would be most suitable for telemedicine visits, a study on veterans in the New England area identified that 62% of visits did not require specialized procedures and could be conducted with the help of a health technician that could synchronously communicate with a remote otolaryngologist 34 . To address the uncertain duration of this pandemic, a review was conducted of current literature on use of telemedicine services in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and in previous national emergencies to reveal the role telemedicine can play for otolaryngology practices.
- keywords: aao; care; clinic; communication; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; diagnostic; emergency; era; exposure; head; health; high; hns; hospital; infection; medical; medicare; neck; new; novel; otolaryngology; pandemic; patients; person; physicians; providers; quality; remote; response; review; risk; sars; services; spread; study; surgery; systems; telehealth; telemedicine; use; video; virtual; visits
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- cord-309138-44qpk2vf
- author: Khanna, Kanika
- title: Herbal Immune-boosters: Substantial Warriors of Pandemic Covid-19 Battle
- date: 2020-10-03
- words: 6407
- flesch: 25
- summary: Part I: Chemical diversity, impacts on plant biology and human health Antivirals against animal viruses Medicinal plants of Tamil Nadu (Southern India) are a rich source of antiviral activities Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Effect of Nilavembu kudineer in the Prevention and Management of COVID-19 by inhibiting ACE2 Receptor Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus The laboratory tests and host immunity of COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness Search of Preventative Strategies: Novel Anti-Inflammatory High-CBD Cannabis Sativa Extracts Modulate ACE2 Expression in COVID-19 Gateway Tissues Anti-influenza agents from plants and traditional Chinese medicine Adaptogens: Herbs for Strength. World Health Organization WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance systems Evidence for Gastrointestinal Infection of SARS-CoV-2 Downregulation of Rac1 activation by caffeic acid in aortic smooth muscle cells Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective Herbs for Viral Respiratory Infections Herbal extracts as antiviral agents Water extract of licorice had anti-viral activity against human respiratory syncytial virus in human respiratory tract cell lines MERS, SARS and other coronaviruses as causes of pneumonia Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13 The traditional medicine and modern medicine from natural products COVID-19:
- keywords: ace2; acid; action; active; activities; activity; addition; agents; analysis; anti; antioxidant; antiviral; ards; bat; bats; bhardwaj; blockers; body; boosters; cancer; cao; cells; characteristics; chemical; china; chinese; clinical; complications; compounds; contact; copper; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cure; cytokine; different; diseases; docking; drug; effects; et al; etc; evidence; expression; extracts; gastrointestinal; global; health; hepatitis; herbal; high; holmes; host; human; immune; immunity; indian; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; inhibitors; kinase; levels; like; management; maruta; mechanism; medicinal; medicine; mers; molecular; mortality; natural; new; novel; nutraceuticals; ocimum; origin; outbreak; pak1; pandemic; pangolin; patients; person; phase; plants; polysaccharides; possible; potential; prevention; product; propolis; protease; protein; rbd; receptors; replication; research; respiratory; response; review; rna; role; sars; selenium; severe; sexual; status; storm; studies; study; supplementation; symptomatic; system; therapeutic; therapy; traditional; transmission; treatment; viral; viruses; vitamin; world; wuhan; zhang
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- cord-309147-c3ikb81g
- author: Nadeem, Muhammad Shahid
- title: Origin, Potential Therapeutic Targets and Treatment for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
- date: 2020-04-22
- words: 5006
- flesch: 43
- summary: A prospective study Influenza A virus shedding and infectivity in households Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Severe acute respiratory syndrome Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis Mechanisms of host receptor adaptation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Design of potent membrane fusion inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2, an emerging coronavirus with high fusogenic activity The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) uses the SARS-1 coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus: A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsin-like protease Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein Coronaviruses post-SARS: Update on replication and pathogenesis Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics -A meeting report from the 6th isirv Antiviral Group conference Rapid Identification of Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Deep Docking of 1.3 Billion Compounds Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Inhibitors by Drug Repurposing Using in Silico Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach WHO says vaccines against novel coronavirus 18 months away, pushes global research Can Chinese medicine be used for prevention of Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics Rapid colorimetric detection of COVID-19 coronavirus using a reverse tran-scriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) diagnostic plat-form: iLACO A Single and Two-Stage, Closed-Tube, Molecular Test for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) at Home, Clinic, and Points of Entry Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with nanoparticles-based biosensor for diagnosis of COVID-19 Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: The first case study in Finland Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19 A case of COVID-19 and pneumonia returning from Macau in Taiwan: Clinical course and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG dynamic Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study The SARS wake-up call Does SARS-CoV-2 has a longer incubation period than SARS and MERS? SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet Intraspecies diversity of SARS-like coronaviruses in Rhinolophus sinicus and its implications for the origin of SARS coronaviruses in humans Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm Real-time sequence-validated loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Development and evaluation of novel real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays with locked nucleic acid probes targeting leader sequences of human-pathogenic coronaviruses COVID-19, an Emerging Coronavirus Infection: Current Scenario and Recent Developments-An Overview Pharmacologic treatment of SARS: Current knowledge and recommendations Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Of chloroquine and COVID-19 Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19 Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Temperature significant change COVID-19 Transmission in 429 cities 2019-Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV):
- keywords: ace2; acute; antiviral; bat; case; cell; characteristics; chest; china; cleavage; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; diagnosis; disease; domain; entry; fusion; genome; high; host; human; incubation; infected; infection; inhibitors; interaction; intermediate; like; mers; mortality; ncov; novel; origin; outbreak; pangolin; patients; pcr; plasma; pneumonia; potential; procedures; protease; protein; rate; rbd; receptor; replication; respiratory; rna; sars; sensitivity; severe; single; specific; spike; structure; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; therapeutic; time; transmission; treatment; vaccine; viral; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-309289-vm0k7hfx
- author: Rothan, Hussin A.
- title: The FDA- approved gold drug Auranofin inhibits novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) replication and attenuates inflammation in human cells
- date: 2020-04-14
- words: 1467
- flesch: 36
- summary: Herein, we report that the FDA-approved gold drug, auranofin, inhibits SARS-COV-2 replication in human cells at low micro molar concentration. Auranofin treatment dramatically reduced the expression of SARS-COV-2-induced cytokines in human cells.
- keywords: activation; acute; anti; associated; auranofin; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; cytokines; drug; gold; hours; human; infection; inflammatory; lung; lysates; pcr; protein; redox; replication; rna; sars; severe; stress; treatment; viral; virus
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- cord-309418-dx6e0lri
- author: Segalés, Joaquim
- title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a cat owned by a COVID-19−affected patient in Spain
- date: 2020-10-06
- words: 3140
- flesch: 40
- summary: Although the exact moment of exposure or infection was not possible to determine based on the reconstruction of the chronological events around the present case (Fig. 2) , the low amount of SARS-CoV-2 (Ct values of >32) found in positive samples of C1, evidence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion, the lack of compatible lesions with a viral disease, and the preexisting morbid conditions suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection in C1 was an incidental epidemiological finding. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19 Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV2 infection in farmed mink Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An update Search for SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors in currently approved drugs to tackle COVID-19 pandemia Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads PEAR:
- keywords: agent; animal; antigen; blood; cardiomyopathy; cat; cats; clinical; compatible; condition; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; disease; domestic; euthanasia; evidence; feline; human; hypertrophic; infected; infection; lesions; lung; lymph; mesenteric; mild; nasal; necropsy; negative; node; owner; pathogen; pets; present; pulmonary; report; respiratory; results; rna; samples; sars; sequencing; severe; signs; species; studies; swabs; trachea; transmission; turbinates; viral; virus
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- cord-309474-9h9w46eq
- author: Schiaffini, Riccardo
- title: School and pre-school children with type 1 diabetes during covid-19 quarantine: the synergic effect of parental care and technology
- date: 2020-07-03
- words: 2515
- flesch: 41
- summary: key: cord-309474-9h9w46eq authors: Schiaffini, Riccardo; Barbetti, Fabrizio; Rapini, Novella; Inzaghi, Elena; Deodati, Annalisa; Patera, Ippolita P; Matteoli, Maria C; Ciampalini, Paolo; Carducci, Chiara; Lorubbio, Antonella; Schiaffini, Gabriele; Cianfarani, Stefano title: School and pre-school children with type 1 diabetes during covid-19 quarantine: the synergic effect of parental care and technology date: 2020-07-03 journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108302 sha: doc_id: 309474 cord_uid: 9h9w46eq Abstract Introduction Management of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) poses numerous challenges, especially for young children and their families. Parents of kindergartner (pre-school) and school children reported that the use of remote monitoring and CGM was effective in control glucose excursions 8.
- keywords: basal; care; cgm; children; control; cov; covid-19; data; day; diabetes; glucose; glycemic; insulin; life; management; monitoring; outcomes; pandemic; parental; parents; patients; period; pre; range; real; school; significant; study; system; t1d; tandem; teachers; technology; time; type; use; young
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- cord-309633-1cd74xdl
- author: Rogers, Julia H.
- title: Characteristics of COVID-19 in Homeless Shelters: A Community-Based Surveillance Study
- date: 2020-09-15
- words: 4020
- flesch: 48
- summary: Homeless shelters are a high-risk setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission because of crowding and shared hygiene facilities. To investigate SARS-CoV-2 case counts across several adult and family homeless shelters in a major metropolitan area.
- keywords: annals.org; asymptomatic; available; care; cases; characteristics; communal; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; detection; disease; encounters; events; health; homeless; illness; infection; influenza; march; nasal; new; number; older; participants; participation; persons; population; positive; positivity; research; residents; respiratory; results; routine; sars; self; services; shared; shelters; sites; sleeping; staff; study; surge; surveillance; symptoms; table; testing; time; total; transmission; values; viral; washington; years
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- cord-309876-l0xginsa
- author: Vena, Antonio
- title: Prevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Italian Adults and Associated Risk Factors
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 3076
- flesch: 39
- summary: A nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in adults in Madrid Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Estimated Community Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies-Two Georgia Counties Population Point Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Based on a Statewide Random Sample-Indiana SARS-CoV-2 IgG seroprevalence in blood donors located in three different federal states Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 Sites in the United States Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Rio de Janeiro Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralising antibodies in blood donors from the Lodi Red Zone Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies Among Adults Preventing the Spread of COVID-19 to Nursing Homes: Experience from a Singapore Geriatric Centre Nursing Homes with COVID-19 Cases Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility Understanding infection prevention and control in nursing homes: A qualitative study Infection Prevention and Control Programs in US Nursing Homes: Results of a National Survey Severe Respiratory Illness Associated with Human Metapneumovirus in Nursing Home Viral respiratory infections in a nursing home: A six-month prospective study Outbreak of Human Metapneumovirus in a Nursing Home: A Clinical Perspective Infections in Nursing Homes: Epidemiology and Prevention Programs High prevalence of olfactory and taste disorder during SARS-CoV-2 infection in outpatients CoV-2: Olfaction, Brain Infection, and the Urgent Need for Clinical Samples Allowing Earlier Virus Detection Asymptomatic coronavirus infection: MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Participants were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies [Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) class antibodies] at three private laboratories (Istituto Diganostico Varelli, Medical Center, and Casa della Salute di Genova).
- keywords: administrative; adults; age; antibodies; antibody; associated; blood; care; cases; clinical; covid-19; data; departments; exposure; facilities; factors; higher; highest; igg; igm; individuals; infected; infection; italian; italy; laboratory; liguria; long; nursing; occupational; participants; patients; population; positive; positivity; prevalence; sars; seroprevalence; study; symptoms; table; taste; term; tests; virus; years
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- cord-310017-c8rd714a
- author: Popa, Alexandra
- title: Mutational dynamics and transmission properties of SARS-CoV-2 superspreading events in Austria
- date: 2020-07-17
- words: 5576
- flesch: 39
- summary: Together, these results from two superspreading events (Tyrol-1, 5 Vienna-1) demonstrate the power of deep viral genome sequencing in combination with detailed epidemiological data for observing viral mutation on their way from emergence at low frequency to fixation. The patientspecific dynamics of viral mutation frequencies may indicate influences of both host-intrinsic 30 factors such as immune responses and overall state of their health as well as extrinsic factors such as different treatment protocols.
- keywords: 2020; 20c; analysis; austrian; available; bottleneck; cases; clade; cluster; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; deep; different; diversity; dynamics; emergence; epidemiological; european; events; evidence; evolution; factors; fig; frequencies; frequency; genome; gisaid; global; high; history; host; human; icelandic; individual; infection; influenza; international; intra; ischgl; local; low; march; multiple; mutations; nucleotide; number; outbreak; pairs; pandemic; patients; phylogenetic; population; probability; profile; quality; rate; reads; reference; region; related; rna; samples; sars; sequences; sequencing; size; spread; strains; study; superspreading; synonymous; table; test; time; transmission; tyrol-1; variants; vienna-1; viral; virus; window
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- cord-310221-car394ou
- author: Chandrashekar, Abishek
- title: SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques
- date: 2020-05-20
- words: 2543
- flesch: 34
- summary: On day 35 following initial viral infection (Figs. 1 and 2), we rechallenged all 9 rhesus macaques with the same doses of SARS-CoV-2 that were utilized for the primary infection, namely 1.1 × 10 6 PFU (Group 1; N = 3), 1.1 × 10 5 PFU (Group 2; N = 3), or 1.1 × 10 4 PFU (Group 3; N = 3). Multifocal clusters of virus infected cells were present throughout the lung parenchyma, as detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ RNA hybridization (RNAscope) (14, 15) To further characterize infected tissues, we performed cyclic immunofluorescence (CyCIF) imaging, a method for multiplex immunophenotyping of paraformaldehyde fixed tissue specimens (16) .
- keywords: alveolar; animals; antibody; assay; cells; cellular; coronavirus; data; day; epithelial; exposure; fig; group; high; humoral; immune; immunity; infected; infection; levels; loads; lower; macaques; mann; median; neutralization; novel; pneumonia; primary; protective; rechallenge; respiratory; responses; rhesus; sars; sgmrna; sided; test; titers; tract; upper; viral; virus; whitney
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- cord-310239-mmvuij3k
- author: Arentz, Susan
- title: Clinical significance summary: Preliminary results of a rapid review of zinc for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral respiratory infections
- date: 2020-08-01
- words: 3943
- flesch: 38
- summary: Alternative therapies in health and medicine European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General: Scientific Committee on Food Estimating the global prevalence of zinc deficiency: results based on zinc availability in national food supplies and the prevalence of stunting National risk of zinc deficiency as estimated by national surveys Use of national food balance data to estimate the adequacy of zinc in national food supplies: methodology and regional estimates Indicators of zinc status at the population level: a review of the evidence Zinc: the missing link in combating micronutrient malnutrition in developing countries Assessing zinc in humans. Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and nonsupplement users in the third national health and nutrition examination survey Rink L: Correlation between zinc status and immune function in the elderly Prevalence of zinc deficiency and its clinical relevance among hospitalised elderly.
- keywords: acute; adults; care; children; chronic; clinical; cold; common; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; daily; deficiency; dietary; disease; dose; duration; effects; evidence; findings; food; function; health; hospital; human; hydroxychloroquine; immune; infections; intake; journal; low; lozenges; mechanisms; months; national; nutrition; outcomes; participants; patients; people; prevention; primary; rapid; rcts; respiratory; results; review; risk; role; sars; severity; status; studies; study; supplementation; supplements; systematic; tract; treatment; trials; upper; viral; vitamin; zinc
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- cord-310507-5h6egve4
- author: van Doorn, Amarylle S.
- title: Systematic review with meta‐analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 stool testing and the potential for faecal‐oral transmission
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 3540
- flesch: 36
- summary: However, there is a growing body of studies in which SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool samples (including anal swabs) from COVID-19 patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission Three cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia with viral nucleic acids still positive in stool after throat swab detection turned negative Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 13 cases from Changsha, China Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens Detection and analysis of nucleic acid in various biological samples of COVID-19 patients Isolation of 2019-nCoV from a Stool Specimen of a Laboratory-Confirmed Case of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Virus shedding patterns in nasopharyngeal and fecal specimens of COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: acute; anal; analysis; articles; case; characteristics; children; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; detection; disease; features; fecal; feces; gastrointestinal; infected; infection; load; negative; novel; nucleic; oral; outbreak; patients; person; pneumonia; positive; potential; report; respiratory; results; review; rna; samples; sars; sars‐cov‐2; severe; shedding; specimens; stool; studies; study; swabs; symptoms; syndrome; tested; testing; tests; transmission; viral
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- cord-310624-3kojrkz7
- author: Flores-Alanis, Alejandro
- title: The receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is the result of an ancestral recombination between the bat-CoV RaTG13 and the pangolin-CoV MP789
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 3070
- flesch: 49
- summary: Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus A novel bat coronavirus closely related to • fast, convenient online submission • thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field • rapid publication on acceptance • support for research data, including large and complex data types • gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year • At BMC SARS-CoV-2 contains natural insertions at the S1/S2 cleavage site of the spike protein NCBI SARS-CoV-2 Resources-NCBI disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative contribution to global health Parallelization of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequences alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT Sequence analysis Jalview Version 2-a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench JModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing Software for systematics and evolution MrBayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space TCS: a computer program to estimate gene genealogies Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype c-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism data On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 through recombination and strong purifying selection Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission Computational inference of selection underlying the evolution of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 Broad and differential animal ACE2 receptor usage by SARS-CoV-2 A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells A unique protease cleavage site predicted in the spike protein of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (2019-nCoV) potentially related to viral transmissibility. The sequences of the Glycoprotein Spike gene from 76 CoVs isolated from different hosts and 148 clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from NCBI's Gen-Bank
- keywords: ace2; adaptation; amino; analysis; ancestral; bat; binding; cleavage; cluster; coronavirus; cov-2; covs; different; fig; gene; genetic; genomic; hcov; host; humans; mers; mp789; natural; network; new; novel; nucleotide; origin; pangolin; pathogenic; phylogenetic; polybasic; program; protein; ratg13; rbd; receptor; recombination; related; role; sars; selection; sequences; similarity; site; spike; study; tree
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- cord-310807-p5cb6idp
- author: Kanwar, Anubhav
- title: Human Coronavirus-HKU1 Infection Among Adults in Cleveland, Ohio
- date: 2017-03-25
- words: 2957
- flesch: 44
- summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Etiology and clinical characterization of respiratory virus infections in adult patients attending an emergency department in Beijing Detection of the new human coronavirus HKU1: a report of 6 cases Human coronaviruses are uncommon in patients with gastrointestinal illness Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with influenza, clinical significance, and pathophysiology of human influenza viruses in faecal samples: what do we know Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time PCR method Use of a novel virus detection assay to identify coronavirus HKU1 in the lungs of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with fatal pneumonia A prospective hospital-based study of the clinical impact of non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (Non-SARS)-related human coronavirus infection Antibiotic discontinuation rates associated with positive respiratory viral panel and low procalcitonin results in proven or suspected respiratory infections Impact of antibacterials on subsequent resistance and clinical outcomes in adult patients with viral pneumonia: an opportunity for stewardship Access to a polymerase chain reaction assay method targeting 13 respiratory viruses can reduce antibiotics: a randomised, controlled trial The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children Rate and influence of respiratory virus co-infection on pandemic (H1N1) influenza disease Detection of four human coronaviruses in respiratory infections in children: a one-year study in Colorado Coronavirus-HKU1 accounted for 1.6% of adult respiratory infections and should be considered in differential diagnosis of severe respiratory illnesses among adults.
- keywords: adults; age; antibiotics; assay; cells/µl; chest; clinical; common; copd; coronavirus; cov; covs; data; detection; disease; gastrointestinal; history; hku1; hospitalization; human; icu; illness; infections; influenza; inhaled; lower; nxtag; panel; pathogen; patients; pneumonia; positive; reported; respiratory; risk; samples; severity; smoking; states; studies; study; symptoms; table; tract; united; use; viral; years
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- cord-311114-ggcpsjk8
- author: Radhakrishnan, Chandni
- title: Initial insights into the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Kerala suggest local spread from limited introductions
- date: 2020-09-09
- words: 4386
- flesch: 46
- summary: Genetic variants compiled from a total of 1,855 high-quality genomes from India and 32,286 global genomes were considered for analysis. We have also added 89 new variants (2.61%) to the Indian repertoire of genetic variants.
- keywords: a2a; analysis; approaches; biorxiv; clade; coronavirus; cov-2; coverage; covid-19; data; detection; epidemic; epidemiology; evolution; figure; functional; genetic; genetic variants; genomes; genomic; global; haplotype; high; india; infectivity; insights; introductions; isolates; kerala; lineages; major; mutations; novel; number; pandemic; pcr; phylogenetic; present; primer; probe; protein; protocol; quality; rapid; reads; reference; samples; sars; sequence; sequencing; sites; spread; state; study; supplementary; table; throughput; time; total; unique; variants; virus; wuhan
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- cord-311125-v9ddes3c
- author: Cooper, Keiland W.
- title: COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage
- date: 2020-07-01
- words: 9498
- flesch: 29
- summary: Four recently published studies -using species ranging from mouse to human -have explored the cell types in the OE that express ACE2 and other viral entry genes Chen et al., 2020b; Fodoulian et al., 2020; Ziegler et al., 2020) ; all four conclude that OSNs do not express ACE2 ( Figure 2 ). In contrast, vascular pericytes in the OB expressed high levels of ACE2 protein , consistent with the reported expression of Ace2 in perivascular cells in the brain and throughout the body (Chen et al., 2020a; He et al., 2020) .
- keywords: 2020a; ace2; acute; afferents; analysis; angiotensin; anosmia; biorxiv; bitter; brain; buds; bulb; cells; central; changes; chemesthesis; chemical; chemosensory; chen et; chronic; clinical; cold; common; consistent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; current; cytokines; damage; data; datasets; detection; disease; distinct; dysfunction; effects; entry; enzyme; epithelium; et al; evidence; expression; figure; function; genes; gustatory; host; human; iii; immune; important; infected; infection; infects; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; lechien et; levels; like; likely; local; long; loss; mechanisms; medrxiv; mice; model; mouse; mucosa; nasal; nerves; nervous; neural; neuronal; neurons; new; non; nose; note; odor; olfactory; olfactory epithelium; osns; parma; pathogenesis; patients; perception; positive; possibility; possible; post; potential; primary; profiling; protein; recent; receptor; recovery; reported; respiratory; result; rhinosinusitis; rna; role; sars; scseq; secondary; sensory; severe; signaling; single; smell; species; specific; spike; studies; study; subset; support; sustentacular; symptoms; syndrome; system; targets; taste; tissue; tmprss2; tongue; trcs; trigeminal; type; understanding; vascular; viral; viruses; work
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- cord-311214-eqwxkwqa
- author: Kumar, Roshan
- title: Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Viruses Reveal Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution
- date: 2020-04-16
- words: 2731
- flesch: 54
- summary: 132 To determine the evolutionary pressure on viral proteins, dN/dS values were calculated for 9 134 ORFs of all strains. [36] and IntAct [37] for predicting their interaction against host proteins.
- keywords: acid; amino; analysis; annotated; available; china; core; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; database; different; figure; genomes; genomic; geographical; host; human; interactome; isolates; multiple; neighboring; novel; nucleotide; pathogenesis; pattern; polymorphisms; proteins; replication; sars; single; snps; strains; study; tool; transmission; usa; viral; virus
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- cord-311762-f6muhf3d
- author: Chen, Yu Wai
- title: Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL (pro)) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates
- date: 2020-02-21
- words: 2803
- flesch: 55
- summary: On 7 January 2020, a new coronavirus, 2019-nCoV (now officially named SARS-CoV-2) was implicated in an alarming outbreak of a pneumonia-like illness COVID-19, originating from Wuhan City, Hubei, China. It was immediately evident from its genome that the coronavirus is evolutionarily related (80% identity) to the beta-coronavirus implicated in the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which originated in bats and was causative of a global outbreak in 2003.
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; active; authors; binding; candidates; chain; coronavirus; cov-2; crystal; data; docking; drugs; effects; extended; figure; hcv; identity; ledipasvir; like; model; molecular; outbreak; polyprotein; pp1ab; pro; protease; protein; residues; results; sars; screening; sequence; similar; sites; sofosbuvir; structure; study; substrate; table; treatment; velpatasvir; virtual
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- cord-311847-2czqs84q
- author: Pennisi, Manuela
- title: SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms
- date: 2020-07-31
- words: 9018
- flesch: 36
- summary: The differences in the sequence of spike proteins between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 will enable scientists to identify epitopes in COVID-19 patients for the development of monoclonal antibodies against this virus. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A retrospective analysis The interface between stroke and infectious disease: Infectious diseases leading to stroke and infections complicating stroke The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): A report from Progression in migraine: Role of mast cells and pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines The pathogenesis and treatment of the 'Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19 Analysis of the clinical effect of olfactory training on olfactory dysfunction after upper respiratory tract infection Anosmia in COVID-19: A Bumpy Road to Establishing a Cellular Mechanism Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters Olfactory transmucosal SARS-CoV-2 invasion as port of Central Nervous System entry in COVID-19 patients A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis Prevalence of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Reveals Significant Ethnic Differences Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment options.
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; angiotensin; anosmia; antibodies; authors; axonal; bbb; brain; case; causes; cells; central; cerebral; china; clinical; cns; complications; context; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; csf; cytokine; damage; detection; direct; disease; dysfunction; early; encephalitis; encephalomyelitis; encephalopathy; endothelial; entry; epithelium; evidence; expression; factors; failure; features; findings; gbs; headache; high; host; human; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; initial; invasion; involvement; levels; low; manifestations; mechanisms; mers; mice; mri; multiple; nasal; nerve; nervous; neuroinvasive; neurological; neuronal; neurons; neurovirulence; non; novel; oc43; olfactory; onset; orns; outbreak; particular; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; pcr; peripheral; pneumonia; possible; potential; propagation; protein; pulmonary; receptor; report; respiratory; response; retrospective; review; risk; rna; role; route; sars; search; seizures; series; severe; specific; spread; storm; stroke; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; systematic; transport; transsynaptic; treatment; vascular; viral; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-311848-8n9ee57a
- author: Giesen, Nicola
- title: Evidence-based Management of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients – Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Haematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO)
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 7686
- flesch: 37
- summary: 57-60 If caring for COVID-19 patients, we strongly recommend that 185 HCWs wear FFP2/N95 respirators (AII t ) and personal protective equipment including gloves, gowns 186 and eye protection such as goggles or face shields (AII r ). 11 Given that many targeted agents adversely affect immune 303 function we marginally support discontinuation of targeted therapy in COVID-19 patients (CIII).
- keywords: agiho; aii; analysis; antineoplastic; associated; cancer; cancer patients; care; case; characteristics; chemotherapy; china; clinical; cohort; coronavirus; course; cov-2; covid-19; current; data; days; death; delay; dii; discontinuation; discontinue; disease; effect; evidence; factors; fees; guideline; hand; hcws; health; higher; hospital; hydroxychloroquine; impact; infected; infection; inhibitors; malignancies; masks; medical; mortality; n95; negative; novel; oncology; outcomes; pandemic; patients; personal; pneumonia; population; possible; prevent; prevention; prophylaxis; r n; randomized; recommendations; regard; remdesivir; reported; respiratory; results; retrospective; review; risk; safety; sars; scale; severe; significant; single; small; specific; strategies; studies; study; symptoms; system; systematic; table; therapy; time; tocilizumab; transmission; treatment; trial; u r; use; wuhan
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- cord-312160-2820aftb
- author: Ibrahim, Mahmoud A.A.
- title: In silico Drug Discovery of Major Metabolites from Spices as SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors
- date: 2020-10-08
- words: 2445
- flesch: 44
- summary: Therefore, structure-based computational modeling of ligand-receptor interactions can be used to identify potential M pro inhibitors to block viral replication. Since the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (M pro ) plays a critical role in the viral replication process, structure-based computational modeling of ligand-receptor interactions and molecular dynamics has been used to screen metabolites from common spices as potential M pro inhibitors.
- keywords: ace2; acid; approach; binding; calculations; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; curcumin; database; discovery; disease; docking; drug; dynamics; energy; enzyme; genes; hydrogen; inhibitors; ligand; lopinavir; m(pro; main; molecular; natural; online; parameters; potential; pro; protease; protein; receptor; respiratory; salvianolic; sars; severe; silico; software; spices; structure; table; treatment; viral
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- cord-312305-ll29frwc
- author: Sun, Shihui
- title: Characterization and structural basis of a lethal mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-11-11
- words: 4757
- flesch: 44
- summary: Additionally, immunostaining of lung sections showed a significant infiltration of CD68 + macrophages and Ly-6G + neutrophils in MASCp36 infected mice ( fig. Aged mice challenged with high dose of MASCp36 developed typical respiratory symptoms and exhibited features like ruffled fur, hunched back, and reduced activity.
- keywords: acid; acute; addition; aged; aged mice; alveolar; amino; analysis; animals; antibody; balb; basis; binding; cases; cells; characterized; china; complex; contribute; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cryo; damage; data; different; disease; distribution; dose; dpi; expression; fabb8; fabd14; fatality; fig; genes; high; human; immune; immunity; infected; infection; injury; innate; interactions; lethal; lung; mace2; male; mascp36; mice; model; molecular; mortality; mouse; mutations; novel; patients; rbdmascp36; reads; receptor; refinement; resolution; respiratory; response; rna; sample; sars; severe; strain; structure; study; symptoms; syndrome; test; type; viral; vivo; wang; young
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- cord-312486-rumqopg0
- author: Jacob, Chaim Oscar
- title: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 11535
- flesch: 38
- summary: -1 beta in macrophages Influence of glutamine on cytokine production by human gut in vitro Genome-wide association study of spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus infection: data from multiple cohorts A whole-genome association study of major determinants for host control of HIV-1 IFN-I response timing relative to virus replication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes LY6E impairs coronavirus fusion and confers immune control of viral disease Distinct patterns of IFITM-mediated restriction of filoviruses, SARS coronavirus, and influenza A virus SARS-CoV-2 ORF3b is a potent interferon antagonist whose activity is further increased by a naturally occurring elongation variant Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viroporin 3a activates the NLRP3 inflammasome Virus-host interactome and proteomic survey of PBMCs from COVID-19 patients reveal potential virulence factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Temporal relationship of viral load, ribavirin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and clinical progression in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area Host and environmental factors influencing individual human cytokine responses COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19 Inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity by interleukin-6: implications for the pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts critical illness patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in the early stage Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Heightened innate immune responses in the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice Complement evasion strategies of viruses: an overview The Complement System in COVID-19: Friend and Foe? Complement activation contributes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis Highly pathogenic coronavirus N protein aggravates lung injury by MASP-2-mediated complement over-activation. Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent Coronaviruses and immunosuppressed patients: the facts during the third epidemic Uneventful course in patients with inflammatory bowel disease during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Outbreak in Northern Italy Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) directly decimates human spleens and lymph nodes Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implication Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19 Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I Interferon signaling Persistence of memory in times of COVID-19 Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls No one is naïve: the significance of heterologous T-cell immunity Heterologous immunity between viruses Heterologous T cell immunity in severe hepatitis C virus infection Immune cell profiling of COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage by single-cell sequencing Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for global profiling of COVID-19 specific IgG and IgM responses Viral kinetics and antibody responses in patients with COVID-19.
- keywords: abs; ace2; acid; activation; acute; adaptive; adults; age; amino; analysis; angiotensin; anti; antibodies; association; autoimmune; blood; cases; cause; cells; children; class; clinical; complement; complex; conditions; consequences; control; coronavirus; course; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokine; d614; data; defense; dependent; different; disease; dysfunction; dysregulation; early; elevated; endothelial; entry; evidence; expression; factors; failure; functional; g614; genetic; higher; hla; host; human; ifn; igg; il-6; immune; immune response; immunity; important; increase; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; injury; innate; investigators; kawasaki; levels; like; likely; long; lung; lymphocytes; lymphopenia; macrophage; major; mechanisms; memory; mers; mice; molecules; monocytes; mortality; multiple; multisystem; mutation; neutralizing; neutrophil; new; novel; number; observations; organ; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; patients; peptide; phase; pneumonia; production; protease; protein; r n; receptor; recovered; reduced; related; respiratory; response; risk; role; sars; serum; severe; severe covid-19; severity; signaling; significant; similar; specific; spike; state; studies; study; subjects; syndrome; system; systemic; time; tissues; tmprss2; treatment; type; variant; vascular; viral; virus; viruses; years
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- cord-312652-zhccmfgw
- author: Hu, Xiumei
- title: Impact of Heat-Inactivation on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Antibody by ELISA
- date: 2020-06-20
- words: 3004
- flesch: 43
- summary: There was one sample changed from negative to positive after heating in IgM detection. Furthermore, ELISA has a high sensitivity of IgM detection, which is beneficial to early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; coincidence; coincidence rate; controls; coronavirus; covid-19; covs; data; detection; diagnosis; elisa; heating; high; human; igg; igm; immunoassay; impact; inactivated; inactivation; indexes; infection; laboratory; minutes; negative; patients; pcr; positive; rate; results; risk; samples; sars; sera; serum; specific; study; test; total; treatment; virus
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- cord-312664-tgpaidhp
- author: Liang, Julia
- title: Interaction of the prototypical α-ketoamide inhibitor with the SARS-CoV-2 main protease active site in silico: Molecular dynamic simulations highlight the stability of the ligand-protein complex
- date: 2020-05-28
- words: 3054
- flesch: 42
- summary: The Lancet Infectious Diseases SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Regulation of alveolar epithelial cell survival by the ACE-2/angiotensin 1-7/Mas axis SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa From SARS to MERS: crystallographic studies on coronaviral proteases enable antiviral drug design Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV Structures of two coronavirus main proteases: implications for substrate binding and antiviral drug design Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) structure: basis for design of anti-SARS drugs Ketoamides as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors of Coronavirus and Enterovirus Replication: Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, and Activity Assessment Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved alpha-ketoamide inhibitors Protein interfaces, surfaces and assemblies service PISA at European Bioinformatics Institute Identifying and characterizing binding sites and assessing druggability Protein and ligand preparation: parameters, protocols, and influence on virtual screening enrichments Importance of accurate charges in molecular docking: Here, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to further characterize the interaction of α-ketoamide 13b with the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 M(pro).
- keywords: 13b; active; activity; acute; amoxicillin; analysis; antiviral; binding; calculated; calculations; cases; contributions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; design; docking; drugs; dynamics; energy; force; high; inhibitors; interaction; kcal; ketoamide; ketoamide 13b; ligand; like; m(pro; main; mers; molecular; novel; pbsa; properties; protease; protein; protomer; residue; respiratory; sars; severe; silico; simulations; site; structure; substrate; syndrome; tool; transmission; van
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- cord-312670-hi3fjne4
- author: Corman, V. M.
- title: Coronaviren als Ursache respiratorischer Infektionen
- date: 2019-08-27
- words: 2308
- flesch: 41
- summary: Bei komplizierten Verläufen und schweren Infektionen des Respirationstrakts ist eine Testung auf CoV mittels Echtzeit-Reverse-Transkriptase-Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (RT-PCR) möglich und sinnvoll. Neben dem regelhaften Nachweis von CoV
- keywords: abb; acute; als; arabischen; atemwegen; auch; auf; aus; auslösen; bei; beim; bisher; centre; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov; covs; das; den; der; die; diese; disease; east; eine; endemic; endemischen; epidemiology; erkrankungen; european; für; gefunden; halbinsel; hcov; human; infection; infektionen; ist; jahren; mehr; menschen; mers; middle; mit; möglich; nicht; nl63; nur; oc43; pathogenic; patienten; patients; pcr; practice; prevention; respiratorische; respiratory; results; sars; sechs; seit; severe; sind; syndrome; system; tract; transmission; treatment; und; vier; von; weltweit; werden; wurde; years; zum; zusätzlich; zwei
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- cord-313344-rqvi2ksc
- author: Farcas, Gabriella A.
- title: Fatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Is Associated with Multiorgan Involvement by Coronavirus
- date: 2005-01-15
- words: 2428
- flesch: 41
- summary: key: cord-313344-rqvi2ksc authors: Farcas, Gabriella A.; Poutanen, Susan M.; Mazzulli, Tony; Willey, Barbara M.; Butany, Jagdish; Asa, Sylvia L.; Faure, Peter; Akhavan, Poolak; Low, Donald E.; Kain, Kevin C. title: Fatal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Is Associated with Multiorgan Involvement by Coronavirus date: 2005-01-15 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1086/426870 sha: doc_id: 313344 cord_uid: rqvi2ksc Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by pulmonary compromise; however, patients often have evidence of other organ dysfunction that may reflect extrapulmonary dissemination of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). We report on the distribution and viral load of SARS-CoV in multiple organ samples from patients who died of SARS during the Toronto outbreak.
- keywords: acute; bowel; cases; changes; clinical; coronavirus; cov; data; days; disease; dissemination; evidence; examination; extrapulmonary; fatal; individuals; infection; kidney; liver; loads; lung; multiple; organ; outbreak; patients; pcr; postmortem; presence; respiratory; results; samples; sars; severe; shedding; study; syndrome; time; tissue; toronto; viral
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- cord-313505-2lr4xara
- author: Resende, Paola Cristina
- title: Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 reveals community transmission of a major lineage during the early pandemic phase in Brazil
- date: 2020-06-18
- words: 1147
- flesch: 38
- summary: We also detected two other well-supported (SH-aLRT 228 > 80%) monophyletic clades of small size (n = 2-11) mostly composed by Brazilian sequences 229 ( Supplementary Fig. 1) . The prevalence of the sub-clade 211 B.1.1 in our sample (92%) was much higher than that observed in other Brazilian sequences 212 available in GISAID (36%) (Fig. 1C) phylogenetic tree, consistent with the hypothesis of multiple independent introductions (Fig. 2) (Fig. 2) .
- keywords: b.1.1; biorxiv; brazil; brazilian; clade; cov-2; covid-19; data; early; february; fig; genome; genomic; health; introductions; lineage; multiple; pandemic; phase; phylogenetic; sars; sequences; sequencing; spread; transmission
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- cord-313517-5ipj2z86
- author: Fung, Joshua
- title: Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Humans
- date: 2019-09-14
- words: 2711
- flesch: 45
- summary: World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia Laboratory Testing for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus A sensitive and specific antigen detection assay for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Assays for laboratory confirmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections Presence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide, crosssectional, serological study Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt Are other fluorescent tags used instead of ethidium bromide safer Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Clinical and laboratory findings of the first imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus to the United States Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia A highly specific rapid antigen detection assay for on-site diagnosis of MERS Rapid detection of MERS coronavirus-like viruses in bats: pote1n-tial for tracking MERS coronavirus transmission and animal origin Genetic characterization of Betacoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats reveals marked sequence divergence in the spike protein of pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 in Japanese pipistrelle: implications for the origin of the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Differential diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection by detection of haemagglutinin with an enzyme-linked immunoassay SARS coronavirus detection methods Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in sars patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Differential cell line susceptibility to the emerging novel human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012: implications for disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestation Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests 1. key: cord-313517-5ipj2z86 authors: Fung, Joshua; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Woo, Patrick C. Y. title: Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Humans date: 2019-09-14 journal: MERS Coronavirus DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_7 sha: doc_id: 313517 cord_uid: 5ipj2z86 The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is the second novel zoonotic disease infecting humans caused by coronavirus (CoV) in this century.
- keywords: addition; adhesive; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; automatic; available; buffer; capture; coronavirus; cov; cover; detection; developed; diagnosis; east; elisa; enzyme; human; infection; laboratory; like; mabs; mers; microtiter; middle; naats; novel; nucleocapsid; plastic; plate; protein; rapid; real; respiratory; sample; screening; serological; syndrome; test; time; washer
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- cord-314051-dr27bsvt
- author: Lother, Sylvain A.
- title: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 screening: Can it really rule out COVID-19?
- date: 2020-06-23
- words: 3125
- flesch: 46
- summary: 2 Avant que l'ARN viral n'atteigne des seuils détectables, les patients pourraient apparaître en bonne santé avant une chirurgie non urgente malgré avoir été exposés au SARS-CoV-2 au cours des 14 jours précédents. Si la présence virale n'est pas dépistée par un test, les patients peuvent aller de l'avant avec leur chirurgie non urgente, à la suite de laquelle les signes et symptômes d'une atteinte au coronavirus (COVID-19) pourraient survenir en période postopératoire, entraînant des devenirs défavorables.
- keywords: alors; avant; ces; chirurgie; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dans; days; des; dépistage; elective; exposure; false; faut; incubation; infection; jours; les; low; negative; non; négatifs; outcomes; par; patients; pcr; period; phase; population; positive; pour; preoperative; prevalence; prior; providers; préopératoire; période; que; results; risk; santé; sars; screening; self; sensibilité; sensitivity; sont; surgery; symptômes; test; testing; time; transmission; une; urgente; viral; été
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- cord-314135-udce22id
- author: Geisslinger, Franz
- title: Cancer Patients Have a Higher Risk Regarding COVID-19–and Vice Versa?
- date: 2020-07-06
- words: 6426
- flesch: 40
- summary: UK COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A nationwide analysis Likelihood of survival of coronavirus disease 2019 Virus induced inflammation and cancer development Understanding pathways to death in patients with COVID-19 COVID-19 infection in cancer patients: Early observations and unanswered questions Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in China Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2: A multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak Analysis of the susceptibility of lung cancer patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection Respiratory Viral Infections in Patients With Cancer or Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Varicella-zoster infection in adult cancer patients. International Collaborative Group How we treat patients with lung cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Primum non nocere Von Bergwelt-Baildon, M.S. Cytokine release syndrome Inflammatory mechanisms in the lung Key mechanisms governing resolution of lung inflammation Role of cytokines as a double-edged sword in sepsis Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis Into the Eye of the Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood of 123 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan Preventing COVID-19-induced pneumonia with anticytokine therapy Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Immunity to viruses Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients ACE2 as therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: The good outweighs the bad Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Disease Pathogenesis Angiotensin II revisited: New roles in inflammation, immunology and aging The Anti-Inflammatory Potential of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis: Evidence from Basic and Clinical Research Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as a Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system Differential Downregulation of ACE2 by the Spike Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63 A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Inflammatory responses and inflammation-associated diseases in organs Inflammation and Cancer: Triggers, Mechanisms, and Consequences Immunological Approaches Towards Cancer and Inflammation: A Cross Talk Inflammation and Lung Cancer: Roles of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: Relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS † Oncoviruses Can Drive Cancer by Rewiring Signaling Pathways Through Interface Mimicry Inflammation-associated remodelling and fibrosis in the lung-A process and an end point Carcinogenesis on the background of liver fibrosis: Implications for the management of hepatocellular cancer Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer: Mechanisms and Molecular Targets Histopathologic Changes and SARS-CoV-2 Immunostaining in the Lung of a Patient With COVID-19 Mechanical Ventilation-associated Lung Fibrosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Persistent infection of SARS coronavirus in colonic cells in vitro Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus persistence in Vero cells Persistent Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Human Tubular Kidney Cells Selects for Adaptive Mutations in the Membrane Protein Persistence and clearance of viral RNA in 2019 novel coronavirus disease rehabilitation patients Human Genital Cancer: Synergism Between Two Virus Infections or Synergism Between a Virus Infection and Initiating Events? Harald zur Hausen-Facts Viral Oncology: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis Hallmarks of Cancer:
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; angiotensin; associated; barr; cancer; cancer patients; carcinoma; cardiovascular; cases; cause; cells; chronic; clinical; comorbidities; consequences; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; damage; development; disease; ebv; epstein; events; factors; fatality; fibrosis; hcv; hepatitis; high; higher; host; hpv; human; il-6; il6; immune; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; kshv; levels; long; lung; major; mechanisms; necessary; novel; oncoviruses; pandemic; pathogenesis; patients; people; persistent; potential; progression; protein; receptor; regard; related; research; respiratory; response; risk; role; sars; severe; severity; signaling; studies; study; syndrome; system; term; therapy; tissue; tumor; viral; virus
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- cord-314171-431buxxr
- author: Dariya, Begum
- title: Understanding novel COVID-19: its impact on organ failure and risk assessment for diabetic and cancer patients
- date: 2020-05-06
- words: 6905
- flesch: 47
- summary: Earlier research showed that about 6.7% of SARS patients possessed acute kidney injury (AKI), leading to a mortality of almost 91.7% Organizations around the world debated potential therapeutic strategies for treating COVID-19 patients and public health strategies.
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; associated; available; binding; blockers; body; cancer; cardiac; cases; cells; china; chloroquine; clinical; complications; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; data; death; diabetes; disease; drugs; effect; entry; enzyme; expression; failure; fig; heart; higher; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; immune; infection; inhibitors; injury; j o; kidney; levels; like; low; lung; membrane; mortality; nagaraju; ncov; novel; organ; outbreak; pandemic; patients; pneumonia; potential; present; protease; protein; r n; rate; receptor; related; replication; research; researchers; respiratory; results; risk; rna; sars; serum; severe; soluble; spike; study; syndrome; system; therapeutic; therapy; transmission; treatment; trials; type; u r; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-314445-4cb4a9r5
- author: McNamara, Ryan P.
- title: High-density amplicon sequencing identifies community spread and ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the Southern United States
- date: 2020-06-19
- words: 1966
- flesch: 27
- summary: Influenza Other Respir Viruses Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data -from vision to 609 reality Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the 612 neighbor-joining method Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children -United States Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic 619 genomics platform Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-622 2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-626 An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-629 CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Receptor Recognition by the Novel 635 Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus Receptor Recognition by the Novel 638 Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is 496 Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease The proximal origin of 499 SARS-CoV-2 Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in 502 a Skilled Nursing Facility SARS-CoV-2 viral spike G614 mutation exhibits higher case 504 fatality rate Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle 507 Region -Case Series Genomic variance of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in 512 China: a descriptive study Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the 515 SARS epidemic in China Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-519 time RT-PCR The species 522 Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-523 Could the D614 G substitution in the 525 SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein be associated with higher COVID-19 mortality? Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early 529 Epidemic in the United States Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-531 CoV-2 genomes Genomic epidemiology of hCoV-19 Characterization of the RNA 535 components of a putative molecular switch in the 3' untranslated region of the murine coronavirus 536 genome A live, 538 impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of 539 lethal disease Evaluation of a 541 recombination-resistant coronavirus as a broadly applicable Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China Nextstrain: real-time tracking of pathogen evolution Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from 554 Presymptomatic Meeting Attendee Faster quantitative real-time PCR protocols may 557 lose sensitivity and show increased variability SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 561 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: 564 improvements in performance and usability Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage 573 for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Efficiency clustering for low-density 579 microarrays and its application to QPCR Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong Province Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins 589 and receptor binding Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins 592 and receptor binding US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for Detection of Severe 596 Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing 599 phylogenetic trees Burden of respiratory viral infection in persons with 603 human immunodeficiency virus.
- keywords: analysis; cases; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; coverage; covid-19; current; d614; density; disease; epidemic; evolution; figure; genomes; genomic; higher; isolate; load; ncov; novel; patients; reads; receptor; region; respiratory; rna; samples; sars; severe; spike; spread; states; study; testing; time; total; transmission; u.s; viral; wuhan
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- cord-314451-mqnqjn0c
- author: Roberts, Anjeanette
- title: A Mouse-Adapted SARS-Coronavirus Causes Disease and Mortality in BALB/c Mice
- date: 2007-01-12
- words: 9876
- flesch: 44
- summary: Finally, and most importantly, MA15 virus infection of young BALB/c mice provides many elements that replicate observations in acute (and chronic) cases of SARS infection in humans, including sequence changes during adaptation in several genes (nsp 5, nsp 13, S, and M); viral replication and histopathological changes in lungs of infected animals; viremia; detection of vRNA in extrapulmonary sites, including the intestines; clinical indicators of illness, including mortality; and changes in blood counts, including lymphopenia and neutrophilia. Mice infected with MA15 virus die from an overwhelming viral infection with extensive, virally mediated destruction of pneumocytes, and ciliated epithelial cells.
- keywords: acute; adaptation; alveolar; amplification; analysis; animal; balb; blood; brain; c mice; cases; cdna; cells; changes; clinical; clones; coronavirus; cov; data; day; days; detection; disease; dose; epithelial; evaluation; extrapulmonary; figure; findings; generation; genes; genome; higher; homogenates; human; hybridization; icsars; infected; infection; influenza; initial; inoculation; interpretation; kit; lethal; lethality; levels; liver; loss; lungs; ma15; ma15 virus; manuscript; materials; methods; mice; min; model; morbidity; mortality; mouse; mrna; mutations; neutrophilia; orf; orf1ab; p.i; passage; pcr; phenotype; pneumocytes; primary; primers; products; protein; recombinant; related; replication; respiratory; reverse; review; rna; sars; sequence; serial; severe; significant; sites; situ; specific; spleen; sub; syndrome; table; tcid; thymus; time; tissues; titers; urbani; urbani)-infected; vero; viral; viremia; virulence; virus; viruses; vrna; weight; young
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- cord-314669-lvibjx97
- author: Shang, Guifang
- title: Theoretically estimated risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome transmission through blood transfusion during an epidemic in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China in 2003
- date: 2007-11-26
- words: 4047
- flesch: 49
- summary: We assumed that the possibility of SARS infection for the donors is the same as the whole eligible population. Because SARS occurred in 2002 and 2003 suddenly and disappeared quickly, however, data on SARS viremia prior to symptom onset is very rare.
- keywords: acute; assumed; asymptomatic; blood; case; china; confirmed; coronavirus; course; cov; data; days; detection; distribution; donors; duration; epidemic; estimated; guangdong; health; individuals; infected; infection; mean; number; onset; outbreak; patients; plasma; population; potential; reported; respiratory; results; risk; sars; severe; shenzhen; study; symptoms; syndrome; time; transfusion; transmission; viremia
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- cord-314793-kb319t4c
- author: Borroni, Barbara
- title: Diaphragmatic myoclonus due to SARS-CoV-2 infection
- date: 2020-10-22
- words: 1642
- flesch: 42
- summary: key: cord-314793-kb319t4c authors: Borroni, Barbara; Gazzina, Stefano; Dono, Fedele; Mazzoleni, Valentina; Liberini, Paolo; Carrarini, Claudia; Russo, Mirella; Pontolillo, Michela; Vecchiet, Jacopo; Onofrj, M.; Bonanni, Laura title: Diaphragmatic myoclonus due to SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-10-22 journal: Neurol Sci DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04766-y sha: doc_id: 314793 cord_uid: kb319t4c A wide range of neurological signs and symptoms have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present report, we described two Italian patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic myoclonus after COVID-19.
- keywords: abdominal; brain; cases; central; clinical; contractions; cortical; cough; cov-2; csf; diaphragmatic; dry; eeg; encephalitis; fever; fig; infection; left; material; mild; movements; myoclonic; myoclonus; neurological; normal; origin; patients; present; recording; respiratory; room; sars; supplementary; virus
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- cord-315064-2mgv9j6n
- author: Escher, Felicitas
- title: Detection of viral SARS‐CoV‐2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies
- date: 2020-06-12
- words: 3821
- flesch: 43
- summary: Nevertheless, SARS CoV-2 can potentially bind to its cellular ACE2 receptor in heart tissue cells and can therefore be detected in the heart muscle. If SARS CoV-2 can replicate in these target cells of the heart, this has to be investigated in subsequent analysis.
- keywords: acute; analysis; assays; cardiac; cardiovascular; cdna; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; damage; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; embs; endomyocardial; failure; gene; genomes; germany; heart; high; histopathological; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; involvement; ischaemia; low; myocardial; myocarditis; obliteration; patients; pcr; positive; possible; qpcr; reaction; recent; respiratory; results; rna; samples; sars; sars‐cov‐2; scientific; specific; specimens; study; symptoms; target; time; tissue; treatment; troponin; unexplained; vascular; viral
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- cord-315085-rucfowvv
- author: Sekulic, Miroslav
- title: Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in FFPE Samples and Histopathologic Findings in Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Cases
- date: 2020-05-26
- words: 5033
- flesch: 40
- summary: Sequencing of viral RNA from FFPE lung tissue from the case 1 autopsy showed mutations most consistent with a subset of the Western European Clade A2a (C3037T, C14408T, A23403G), 16 with mutations enriched in New York State A2a cases (C1059T and G25563T). Lung tissue samples from 2 non-SARS-CoV-2 patients with DAD were run as controls and were negative.
- keywords: ace2; acute; admission; airways; alveolar; artery; associated; autopsies; autopsy; background; bilateral; blood; bronchi; case; cells; changes; chest; chronic; consistent; coronary; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dad; day; days; death; detection; diffuse; disease; evidence; examination; failure; features; ffpe; findings; formalin; g11083; heart; image; infection; injury; kidneys; left; liver; lobe; lower; lung; lymph; mass; membrane; molecular; mutations; node; notable; novel; opacities; organs; oxygen; parenchyma; patchy; patient; pcr; positive; postmortem; pulmonary; renal; reported; respiratory; right; rna; roentgenogram; samples; sampling; sars; sections; sequencing; significant; spleen; study; testing; time; tissue; viral; virus; ×100
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- cord-315288-fcx4q6mp
- author: Hussain, Mohammed Hassan
- title: Tracheal swab from front of neck airway for SARS-CoV-2; a bronchial foreign body
- date: 2020-08-27
- words: 1570
- flesch: 57
- summary: The National Tracheostomy Safety Project's statement on considerations for trachestomy reiterates that tracheal aspirates are preferable to mucosal swabs but does not outline when tracheal aspirates should be taken. ► Mucosal tracheal swab through a tracheostomy tube carries an increased risk and appropriately designed sampling devices, which among else would be radiopaque, should be used.
- keywords: airway; bmj; body; case; clear; clinical; cov-2; covid-19; disease; flexible; foreign; guidance; laryngectomy; neck; patients; potential; right; risk; sars; signs; site; swab; tracheal; tracheostomy; use
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- cord-315685-ute3dxwu
- author: Ehaideb, Salleh N.
- title: Evidence of a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models: a systematic review
- date: 2020-10-06
- words: 5553
- flesch: 45
- summary: key: cord-315685-ute3dxwu authors: Ehaideb, Salleh N.; Abdullah, Mashan L.; Abuyassin, Bisher; Bouchama, Abderrezak title: Evidence of a wide gap between COVID-19 in humans and animal models: a systematic review date: 2020-10-06 journal: Crit Care DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03304-8 sha: doc_id: 315685 cord_uid: ute3dxwu BACKGROUND: Animal models of COVID-19 have been rapidly reported after the start of the pandemic. Inclusion criteria were the establishment of animal models of COVID-19 as an endpoint.
- keywords: ace2; animal; animal models; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; associated; cats; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; criteria; critical; data; different; disease; dogs; ferrets; findings; hamsters; high; host; human; illness; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; interstitial; lower; lung; macaques; mice; mild; models; mortality; mouse; nonhuman; old; pathogenesis; pathology; patients; phenotype; pneumonia; preprints; primates; protection; protein; pulmonary; replication; respiratory; response; review; rhesus; rna; sars; severe; signs; species; specific; spike; studies; study; systematic; table; titers; tract; transmission; type; upper; vaccines; viral; virus; young
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- cord-316126-j51dik7f
- author: Zhang, X. Sophie
- title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles
- date: 2020-10-28
- words: 12443
- flesch: 29
- summary: Recently, the WHO has acknowledged that short-range aerosol transmission, particularly in specific indoor locations, such as crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces over a prolonged period of time with infected persons cannot be ruled out but specifies that the significance of COVID-19 airborne transmission has not been convincingly demonstrated and requires further research (1) . World Health Organization Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) SARS among critical care nurses Intubation of SARS patients: infection and perspectives of healthcare workers Illness in intensive care staff after brief exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome Lack of SARS transmission among healthcare workers, United States Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples of quarantined households Relative contributions of transmission routes for COVID-19 among healthcare personnel providing patient care Aerosol and surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 observed in quarantine and isolation care Investigating SARS-CoV-2 surface and air contamination in an acute healthcare setting during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in London Environmental and aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalized COVID-19 patients 2020.
- keywords: absence; acute; aerosolization; aerosols; agps; airborne; airborne transmission; analysis; asymptomatic; authors; better; care; care facilities; care settings; care workers; cases; certain; china; clinical; close; community; compliance; conditions; contact; contamination; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cultures; current; data; detection; different; direct; disease; droplets; dynamics; effectiveness; efficacy; environmental; epidemiological; equipment; evidence; exhaled; exposure; facilities; factors; favor; fecal; future; gastrointestinal; guidelines; hand; hcws; health; health care; healthcare; high; higher; hospital; human; hygiene; implications; index; individuals; infected; infection; infectivity; influenza; inhalable; investigation; laboratory; lack; larger; levels; load; long; low; lower; main; majority; masks; medical; meta; model; n95; n95s; natural; negative; new; nose; nosocomial; number; outbreak; pandemic; particles; patients; patterns; personal; positive; possible; potential; ppe; practices; precautions; presence; prevention; prolonged; protection; public; randomized; range; rates; recommendations; research; researchers; respirable; respiratory; results; review; risk; risk settings; route; samples; sampling; sars; settings; severe; short; significant; similar; size; source; staff; states; studies; study; support; surface; surgical; symptoms; syndrome; systematic; table; team; term; time; touch; transmission; trials; typical; units; use; ventilation; viral; viruses; wearing; workers; world
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- cord-316702-dj2fo8sn
- author: Vignesh, Ramachandran
- title: Is Herd Immunity Against SARS-CoV-2 a Silver Lining?
- date: 2020-09-30
- words: 3257
- flesch: 31
- summary: (2020) Longitudinal profile of antibodies against SARS-coronavirus in SARS patients and their clinical significance Persistence of Antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2: the knowns and unknowns Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans Pre-existing and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans Immunologic perturbations in severe COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Systems-level immunomonitoring from acute to recovery phase of severe COVID-19 Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications Reappearance of effector T cells is associated with recovery from COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls Humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered patients with COVID-19 Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications. This preexisting cross-reactive T and B cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 may have wide implications as this could explain differential clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients, disease severity, vaccine development, and important in accessing herd immunity for SARS-CoV-2 viral infection/COVID-19 disease.
- keywords: acute; antibodies; antibody; article; authors; cd8; cell; clinical; concept; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; effective; evidence; health; herd; herd immunity; humans; immune; immunity; individuals; infected; infection; long; neutralizing; novel; number; pandemic; patients; person; plasma; population; recent; recovered; respiratory; responses; sars; seroprevalence; severe; specific; spread; studies; study; super; syndrome; threshold; transmission; vaccine; viral
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- cord-317355-z5tk3v3b
- author: Dunker, Susanne
- title: No SARS-CoV-2 detected in air samples (pollen and particulate matter) in Leipzig during the first spread
- date: 2020-10-13
- words: 1956
- flesch: 48
- summary: key: cord-317355-z5tk3v3b authors: Dunker, Susanne; Hornick, Thomas; Szczepankiewicz, Grit; Maier, Melanie; Bastl, Maximilian; Bumberger, Jan; Treudler, Regina; Liebert, Uwe G.; Simon, Jan-Christoph title: No SARS-CoV-2 detected in air samples (pollen and particulate matter) in Leipzig during the first spread date: 2020-10-13 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142881 sha: doc_id: 317355 cord_uid: z5tk3v3b The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic co-occurred with pollen season in Europe 2020 and recent studies suggest a potential link between both. The height of our measurement station was chosen to guarantee a representative measurement in contrast to near-ground stations which show higher variability in pollen concentrations (Rojo et al., 2019) .
- keywords: air; airborne; alnus; analysis; betula; bioaerosols; cases; concentrations; corylus; cov-2; covid-19; cpe; detection; effects; et al; fig; higher; infectious; leipzig; matter; number; pandemic; particles; particulate; pcr; pollen; purified; samples; sars; season; table; virus
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- cord-317786-iv1br2oj
- author: Waterfield, T.
- title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children - A prospective multicentre cohort study.
- date: 2020-09-02
- words: 3771
- flesch: 41
- summary: These findings were not replicated with either the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 or DiaSorin LIAISON® SARS CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assays. Architect® SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibody) • Spike protein assays -(DiaSorin LIAISON® SARS CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG assay)
- keywords: age; analysis; antibodies; antibody; asymptomatic; author; children; copyright; copyright holder; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; doi; funder; healthcare; holder; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.31.20183095; igg; infection; license; medrxiv; medrxiv preprint; participants; peer; peer review; preprint; previous; report; response; review; sars; september; seroprevalence; sites; studies; study; symptoms; table; testing; titres; variables; version; workers
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-317952-4oa9hfb4
- author: Bourgonje, Arno R.
- title: Angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV‐2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
- date: 2020-05-17
- words: 12115
- flesch: 33
- summary: Safety concerns of clinical images and skin biopsies Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection A case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a young male with full body rash as a presenting symptom Reply to COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for Dengue Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with Covid-19 A distinctive skin rash associated with Coronavirus Disease Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records Clinical features and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnant patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-centre, descriptive study A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China Novel coronavirus infection and pregnancy Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn Unlikely SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission from mother to child: A case report Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: Possible explanations of male predominance among COVID-19 patients may be differences in exposure, smoking behaviour, other lifestyle factors, differences in chromosomal ACE2 expression, ACE2 expression in testicular tissue, sex hormone-driven immune system regulation, or gender differences in RAAS regulation [37, [42]
- keywords: ace2; ace2 expression; aceis; activity; acute; addition; aki; alveolar; analysis; angiotensin; anti; antiviral; arbs; article; associated; available; binding; blockade; blood; cardiac; cardiovascular; case; cells; changes; characteristics; china; chronic; clinical; complications; converting; copyright; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; course; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; crucial; cytokine; damage; death; development; differences; different; direct; disease; drugs; effects; elevated; endothelial; entry; enzyme; epithelial; events; evidence; expression; factors; failure; findings; function; future; gastrointestinal; genetic; hcq; heart; higher; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; hypertension; ibd; icu; ill; immune; important; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; initial; injury; involvement; kidney; leptin; levels; liver; lung; management; manifestations; mechanisms; mice; mortality; myocardial; ncov; novel; obesity; observed; organs; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathological; pathology; pathophysiology; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; populations; potential; present; protein; pulmonary; raas; recent; receptor; regulation; related; renal; renin; report; respiratory; response; results; review; rights; risk; rna; role; sars; severe; severity; sex; single; skin; small; specific; spike; storm; strategies; studies; study; susceptibility; symptoms; syndrome; system; systemic; target; therapeutic; therapy; thrombosis; time; tissue; tocilizumab; tract; transmission; treatment; trials; type; use; vertical; viral; vitro; women; wuhan
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- cord-318164-6rqi17oz
- author: Paoli, D.
- title: Sperm cryopreservation during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
- date: 2020-10-10
- words: 3262
- flesch: 41
- summary: First, it comprises a preliminary biomonitoring for SARS CoV-2 in the semen of asymptomatic cancer patients. Furthermore, the current evidence seems increasingly to point to the absence of SARS CoV-2 in semen.
- keywords: absence; acute; assisted; asymptomatic; bank; blood; cancer; cases; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cryopreservation; cryopreserved; disease; fluid; history; infection; italy; male; medical; nasopharyngeal; pandemic; patients; pcr; positive; presence; previous; questionnaire; reproductive; respiratory; results; risk; rna; safety; samples; sars; semen; seminal; severe; sperm; spread; study; symptoms; testicular; testing; testis; treatments; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-318204-t024w7h6
- author: Fang, Ferric C
- title: The Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19-- Frequently-Asked Questions
- date: 2020-06-08
- words: 2982
- flesch: 34
- summary: The role of antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2: Is there one? Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease Test performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays Evaluation of nine commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays Patients with common cold coronavirusaes tested negative for IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 Validation and performance comparison of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of of disease Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a serologic marker of infection Longitudinal change of SARS-Cov2 antibodies in patients with COVID-19 Different longitudinal patterns of nucleic acid and serology testing results based on disease severity of COVID-19 patients COVID-19 and postinfection immunity: Limited Evidence, Many Remaining Questions SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in Rhesus Macaques Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections -the state of the art Point-of-care testing for COVID-19 using SHERLOCK diagnostics Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 Interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 15 Cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is more likely (56) , but should be a limited concern.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; assays; c r; cases; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnostic; different; disease; dynamics; higher; illness; immunity; infection; laboratory; load; low; nasal; nasopharyngeal; negative; p t; patients; pcr; performance; positive; respiratory; responses; results; s c; saliva; samples; sars; sensitivity; serologic; severe; specific; swabs; testing; tests; time; tract; transmission; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-318316-9unfl966
- author: Ortega, Joseph T.
- title: Understanding Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication to Design Efficient Drug Combination Therapies
- date: 2020-10-23
- words: 4027
- flesch: 42
- summary: The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection The antiviral facet of anti-rheumatic drugs: lessons from COVID-19 Effect of bromhexine on clinical outcomes and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial Evidence that TM-PRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response Race to find CO-VID-19 treatments accelerates Chloroquine does not inhibit infection of human lung cells with SARS-CoV-2 Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods Structures of two coronavirus main proteases: implications for substrate binding and antiviral drug design Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved α-ketoamide inhibitors Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus -a possible reference for coronavirus disease-19 treatment option DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018 Effect of systemic inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 on lopinavir and hydroxychloroquine plasma concentrations. Three major targets have been identified and can be summarized in the following: early stages of virus-cell interaction, viral proteases, and the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)
- keywords: acute; antiviral; associated; bromhexine; cell; cellular; chloroquine; clinical; combination; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; design; disease; drug; early; effect; effective; entry; fusion; hcq; host; human; infection; inhibitors; interaction; lopinavir; main; membrane; pathway; patients; plasma; protease; proteins; rdrp; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; review; ritonavir; rna; sars; severe; spike; stages; structural; syndrome; targets; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; tmprss2; treatment; trials; use; viral
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- cord-318934-dxipu00r
- author: Matsuyama, Shutoku
- title: Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection by Proteases
- date: 2006
- words: 1871
- flesch: 48
- summary: SARS-CoV is supposed to enter cells via endosome, and its spike (S) protein, which is responsible for cell entry of this virus, is activated by a certain protease active only in acidic conditions in the endosome. Trypsin, thermolysin, and dispase induced fusion of S protein expressing cells, while other proteases failed to induce substantial cell fusion (Fig. 1) .
- keywords: acute; cells; cov; elastase; endosomal; entry; fig; fusion; infected; infection; organs; presence; proteases; protein; replication; respiratory; sars; severe; surface; syndrome; treatment; trypsin; veroe6; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-319184-voc0eqb9
- author: Abduljalil, Jameel M.
- title: Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2: available approaches and limitations
- date: 2020-06-14
- words: 1122
- flesch: 15
- summary: SSRN Electron J 2020 Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein Dysregulation of immune response 513 in patients with COVID-19 in Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential 516 vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Profile of specific antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: The first report Evaluation of commercial and automated SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA ELISAs using 522 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient samples Serological immunochromatographic 525 approach in diagnosis with SARS-CoV-2 infected COVID-19 patients Antibody testing for COVID-19: A report from the National COVID Scientific Advisory 529 Development of a 531 prototype immunochromatographic test for rapid diagnosis of respiratory adenovirus 532 infection A Rapid and Specific Assay for the 444 Detection of Rapid and specific detection of Asian-and African-lineage Zika viruses Using Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus by Reverse Transcription Loop Isothermal Amplification Combined with a Lateral-Flow Device Rapid and visual detection of 2019 458 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal 459 amplification assay Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of 467 SARS-CoV-2 Development of a reverse 469 transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a rapid early-detection method for 470 novel SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP)
- keywords: amplification; antibodies; antibody; antigen; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnosis; isothermal; line; loop; molecular; novel; patients; pcr; rapid; real; respiratory; reverse; sars; specific; test; time; transcription
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-319194-ukuia48s
- author: Liò, Pietro
- title: Phylogenomics and bioinformatics of SARS-CoV
- date: 2004-02-04
- words: 4490
- flesch: 42
- summary: For example, many predicted protein sequences for the oxidation of inorganic compounds including thiosulfate and hydrogen, which provide reducing energy for carbon dioxide and nitrogen fixation are encoded, and also carbon monoxide and formate dehydrogenases. The low conservation of the S1A region among coronavirus sequences suggests that once more strains of SARS-CoV or other closely related species are available it will become possible to use innovative comparative sequence analyses to examine positive selection that acts in this region
- keywords: acid; acute; amino; analysis; anti; ceacam1; changes; conserved; coronaviridae; coronavirus; cov; different; difficult; domain; drug; enteric; evolution; evolutionary; family; figure; fragment; fusion; gastroenteritis; genes; genome; group; homologous; human; information; interest; membrane; metabolism; methods; mhv; models; molecular; murine; mutation; palustris; phylogenetic; phylogeny; porcine; protein; rates; receptor; region; relationships; respiratory; rna; s1a; s1b; sars; secondary; selective; sequences; single; species; spike; structure; syndrome; tgev; transmissible; tropism; use; viral; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-319241-div9rzax
- author: Singh, Bhuchitra
- title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Corona Virus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its Effect on Gametogenesis and Early Pregnancy
- date: 2020-09-23
- words: 4391
- flesch: 42
- summary: Specifically, it can be suggested that clinicians practicing assisted reproductive technology should be particularly cautious, as SARS CoV-2 infection and systemic effects may impact testicular tissues, ovarian tissue, and granulosa cells and therefore testicular and ovarian function, spermatozoa, oocyte quality, and Since its first identification, more cases of COVID-19 have been counted than that of MERS and SARS combined.
- keywords: ace2; acute; article; available; birth; cases; cells; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; early; early pregnancy; effects; entry; evidence; expression; fetal; fluid; human; impact; infected; infection; limited; literature; mers; miscarriage; mothers; negative; novel; oocyte; outcomes; ovarian; pandemic; patients; placental; positive; pregnancy; pregnant; receptor; reproductive; respiratory; review; rights; rna; sars; sars‐cov‐2; search; semen; severe; single; studies; study; syndrome; tissues; transmission; transplacental; trimester; vaginal; vertical; viral; women; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-319877-izn315hb
- author: de Wit, Emmie
- title: SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses
- date: 2016-06-27
- words: 9406
- flesch: 31
- summary: Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus 4a protein is a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that suppresses PACT-induced activation of RIG-I and MDA5 in the innate antiviral response The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a, ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF4b protein inhibits type I interferon production through both cytoplasmic and nuclear targets Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease ubiquitin-like domain and catalytic domain regulate antagonism of IRF3 and NF-κB signaling Regulation of IRF-3-dependent innate immunity by the papain-like protease domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus The SARS coronavirus papain like protease can inhibit IRF3 at a post activation step that requires deubiquitination activity Crystal structure of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) papain-like protease bound to ubiquitin facilitates targeted disruption of deubiquitinating activity to demonstrate its role in innate immune suppression SARS coronavirus nsp1 protein induces template-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNAs: viral mRNAs are resistant to nsp1-induced RNA cleavage A two-pronged strategy to suppress host protein synthesis by SARS coronavirus nsp1 protein Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 facilitates efficient propagation in cells through a specific translational shutoff of host mRNA Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus evades antiviral signaling: role of nsp1 and rational design of an attenuated strain Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 inhibits host gene expression by selectively targeting mRNAs transcribed in the nucleus while sparing mRNAs of cytoplasmic origin Molecular determinants for subcellular localization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus open reading frame 3b protein Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus open reading frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and nucleocapsid proteins function as interferon antagonists MAVS-mediated apoptosis and its inhibition by viral proteins Pathogenic influenza viruses and coronaviruses utilize similar and contrasting approaches to control interferon-stimulated gene responses Mechanisms of action of ribavirin against distinct viruses Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study Clinical analysis of the first patient with imported Middle East respiratory syndrome in China Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Description and clinical treatment of an early outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangzhou, PR Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Inhibition of novel β coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-α2b and ribavirin Interferon-β and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays Ribavirin and interferon-β synergistically inhibit SARS-associated coronavirus replication in animal and human cell lines Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques The first application of a potential treatment option for MERS through the repurposing of IFNα2b and ribavirin in a non-human primate model Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study IFN-α2a or IFN-β1a in combination with ribavirin to treat Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pneumonia: a retrospective study Ribavirin and interferon-α2b as primary and preventive treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a preliminary report of two cases Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-β1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a non-human primate model of common marmoset Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings Virological and serological analysis of a recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection case on a triple combination antiviral regimen Middle East 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- keywords: acute; acute respiratory; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; arabia; bats; binding; camels; care; cases; cells; clinical; combination; common; complex; control; coronavirus; cov; data; development; disease; domain; dpp4; dromedary; drugs; east; east respiratory; efficacy; envelope; example; expression; fig; genome; high; host; human; identification; ifn; ifns; ifnα; immune; important; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; innate; interferon; irf3; large; like; lopinavir; lung; membrane; mers; mice; middle; middle east; models; monoclonal; mouse; mrnas; need; neutralizing; non; nosocomial; novel; nsp1; nucleocapsid; outbreak; outcome; pathogenesis; patients; plasma; plpro; potential; protease; protein; receptor; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; ribavirin; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; saudi; severe; severe acute; shedding; signalling; similar; spike; structural; studies; study; subgenomic; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; therapy; transcription; transmission; treatment; type; vaccination; vaccines; viral; viruses; vitro
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-320619-r466dc5t
- author: Chand Dakal, Tikam
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Attachment to Host Cells is Possibly Mediated via RGD-Integrin Interaction in a Calcium-dependent Manner and Suggests Pulmonary EDTA Chelation Therapy as a Novel Treatment for COVID 19
- date: 2020-11-05
- words: 3856
- flesch: 28
- summary: The S1 Glycoprotein (from 268-304 aa in SARS-CoV-1 and from 282-317 aa in SARS-CoV-2) domain which plays an important role in recognition of host cell receptor were found divergent at 10 amino acid positions. The expression profile of ACE2 receptor protein and integrins in lungs was ascertained using Gene Expression Database at EBI (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/gxa/home) and the Human Protein Atlas
- keywords: ace2; acid; adhesion; affinity; amino; analysis; antibodies; attachment; binding; calcium; cells; chelation; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; divalent; docking; domain; drug; edta; entry; et al; expression; figure; high; higher; host; human; infection; inhibitors; integrins; interaction; ions; lungs; mechanism; molecular; motif; ncov; novel; number; patients; pdb; potential; protein; pulmonary; receptor; respiratory; rgd; rna; role; sars; sequence; severe; sites; spike; structure; study; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; virus; wuhan; αvβ3
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- cord-320935-3n157yl4
- author: Kumar, Manish
- title: Making Waves Perspectives of Modelling and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Aquatic Environment for COVID-19 Pandemic
- date: 2020-09-12
- words: 6629
- flesch: 37
- summary: Although SARS viruses are of zoonotic origin and several countries have already facing secondary transmission of SARS-COV-2, developing an early warning system always presents a challenge. Previous studies have highlighted the persistence of coronavirus and SARS virus in the wastewater, which ranged from hours to several days in the absence of disinfection practices [31, 37] .
- keywords: analysis; approach; available; cases; cell; china; chlorine; community; compartmental; concern; conditions; confirmed; contact; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; death; detection; different; direct; disease; early; enveloped; environmental; epidemic; epidemiological; epidemiology; evidence; faecal; free; future; genetic; high; higher; host; human; humidity; impact; inactivation; infected; infection; infectivity; material; matter; modelling; models; monitoring; nature; ncov; novel; novel coronavirus; number; outbreak; pandemic; patients; people; period; population; potential; presence; protein; rate; recent; regard; respiratory; response; rna; sars; severe; sewage; spread; studies; study; surface; surveillance; techniques; temperature; terms; time; total; transmission; treatment; trend; viral; virus; viruses; wastewater; wbe; wuhan
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- cord-321166-nvphu1fm
- author: Thomson, Emma C.
- title: The circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike variant N439K maintains fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity
- date: 2020-11-05
- words: 9836
- flesch: 46
- summary: 7.4% of the tested sera showed a greater than 2-fold reduction in binding to N439K RBD as compared to WT RBD (Figures 5A-B and S3) . The sera from the six individuals known to have recovered from infection with SARS-CoV-2 N439K virus showed no change in binding levels to WT RBD as compared to N439K RBD (Figures 5A-B and S3) .
- keywords: acid; affinity; amino; analysis; antibodies; antibody; average; binding; bridge; buffer; cases; cells; change; clinical; conserved; countries; cov-2; covid-19; culture; d614; d614 g; data; days; determined; dms; domain; effect; energy; escape; et al; evasion; evolution; figure; final; fitness; fold; frequency; genome; genomic; gisaid; growth; hace2; high; human; illumina; immune; immunity; impact; individuals; infected; infection; interface; isolates; k417v; level; likely; lineage; lower; mabs; measurements; media; minimum; model; molecular; monoclonal; mutation; n439k; n439k mutation; n439k variant; neutralization; neutralizing; new; non; number; observed; patients; pbs; piccoli; plasticity; plates; position; present; protein; rate; rbd; rbm; receptor; recombinant; reference; region; replication; residues; response; results; rna; salt; samples; sars; scale; scientific; scotland; scottish; selection; sequences; sequencing; sera; severity; similar; single; site; size; spike; structure; study; supernatant; surface; table; tag; terminal; tested; therapeutic; thermo; time; total; transfection; vaccine; values; variant; viral; virus; viruses; volz
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- cord-321358-plxz5mkg
- author: Zheng, Jun
- title: SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat
- date: 2020-03-15
- words: 4779
- flesch: 48
- summary: Severe illness can be caused by the remaining three viruses, namely SARS-CoV, which resulted in the outbreak of SARS in 2002 and 2003 The genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (WH-Human_1) was first released and shared by China on 10 Jan [12] .
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; antiviral; asymptomatic; bat; bats; cases; cells; characteristics; china; chloroquine; clinical; common; contact; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; disease; drug; early; effective; genome; host; human; infected; infection; intermediate; investigation; isolated; jan; like; market; mers; ncov; new; novel; novel coronavirus; origin; outbreak; palm; pangolin; patients; people; period; pneumonia; potential; protein; receptor; remdesivir; respiratory; samples; sars; sequence; severe; signs; spreading; study; symptoms; syndrome; transmission; treatment; viruses; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-321624-z2mntwef
- author: Kowitdamrong, Ekasit
- title: Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with differing severities of coronavirus disease 2019
- date: 2020-10-09
- words: 3391
- flesch: 51
- summary: Supporting information S1 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern Early transmission patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in travellers from Wuhan to Thailand Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing-questions to be asked Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease Patients Clinical performance of different SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests Evaluation of two automated and three rapid lateral flow immunoassays for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serological tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19 through the evaluation of three immunoassays: Two automated immunoassays (Euroimmun and Abbott) and one rapid lateral flow immunoassay (NG Biotech) Performance Characteristics of Four High-Throughput Immunoassays for Detection of IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Clinical Performance of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays Diagnostic performance of seven rapid IgG/IgM antibody tests and the Euroimmun IgA/IgG ELISA in COVID-19 patients Neutralizing Antibodies Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Inpatients and Convalescent Patients Sex, age, and hospitalization drive antibody responses in a COVID-19 convalescent plasma donor population. In the present study, 30% of COVID-19 patients developed positive IgA antibodies very early, within 3 days after the onset of symptoms.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; clinical; confirmed; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; euroimmun; females; group; higher; iga; igg; infection; levels; males; mild; moderate; negative; onset; patients; pcr; positive; present; response; results; samples; sars; sensitivity; serological; severe; severity; specific; studies; study; symptoms; table; week
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-321851-ku4z34lu
- author: Alosaimi, Bandar
- title: MERS-CoV infection is associated with downregulation of genes encoding Th1 and Th2 cytokines/chemokines and elevated inflammatory innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract
- date: 2020-02-29
- words: 5630
- flesch: 38
- summary: CD4 + T-cell immune responses during respiratory viral infections characterized by the production of signature cytokines, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 for Th1 cells and IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 for Th2 cells IL-1β has been associated with tissue damage, neutrophil infiltration, acute inflammatory responses, higher case fatality and severe respiratory viral infection [10, 14, 19, 49, 50] .
- keywords: acute; analysis; antiviral; array; case; ccr2; cd4; cells; chemokines; control; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cxcl8; cxcr3; cytokines; data; disease; downregulation; east; expression; expression levels; fatality; genes; h1n1; high; host; human; ifn; il-1β; il-8; immune; immunopathology; important; induced; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory cytokines; influenza; innate; levels; load; lower; lung; mers; middle; mrna; pathogenesis; patients; pcr; pulmonary; qiagen; related; respiratory; response; results; rna; role; samples; sars; severe; severity; socs5; study; syndrome; table; th1; th2; time; tnf; tract; treatment; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-321855-7b1c2xdh
- author: Alshami, Alanoud
- title: Silent disease and loss of taste and smell are common manifestations of SARS-COV-2 infection in a quarantine facility: Saudi Arabia
- date: 2020-10-30
- words: 3382
- flesch: 53
- summary: A recent study has shown that the viral load detected in asymptomatic patients was similar to the viral load of symptomatic patients suggesting that asymptomatic patients can also transmit the disease This regulation has helped us to better understand the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 infection in asymptomatic patients.
- keywords: admission; arabia; asymptomatic; carriers; cases; clinical; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; disease; false; group; history; individuals; infection; loss; median; mild; negative; patients; pcr; positive; prevalence; quarantine; reported; residents; results; sars; saudi; severe; smell; study; symptoms; taste; test; time; travelers; virus; years
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-321901-zpi7uis1
- author: Roberts, Anjeanette
- title: Animal models and antibody assays for evaluating candidate SARS vaccines: Summary of a technical meeting 25–26 August 2005, London, UK
- date: 2006-11-30
- words: 6604
- flesch: 36
- summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome WHO investigates China's fall in SARS cases WHO says SARS outbreak is over, but fight should go on Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage The Genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus SARS coronavirus: a new challenge for prevention and therapy Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China The aetiology, origins, and diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Adaptation of SARS coronavirus to humans Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS immunity and vaccination Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Effects of a SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Macaque model for severe acute respiratory syndrome An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus An exposed domain in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein induces neutralizing antibodies Identification of an antigenic determinant on the S2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies Contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the SARS-coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets Mucosal immunisation of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the SARS coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of SARS Adenoviral expression of a truncated S1 subunit of SARS-CoV spike protein results in specific humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV in rats Identification of the membrane-active regions of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike membrane glycoprotein using a 16/18-mer peptide scan: implications for the viral fusion mechanism Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Symptoms of infection caused by SARS coronavirus in laboratory mice and guinea pigs Civets are equally susceptible to experimental infection by two different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolates Infection of SARS-CoV on juvenile and adult Brandt's vole Microtus brandtii Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Development and characterization of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that provides effective immunoprophylaxis in mice Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus Therapy with a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity and viral burden in golden Syrian hamsters A single immunization with a rhabdovirus-based vector expressing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S protein results in the production of high levels of SARS-CoV-neutralizing antibodies Long-term protection from SARS coronavirus infection conferred by a single immunization with an attenuated VSV-based vaccine Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein expressed by an adenovirus vector is phosphorylated and immunogenic in mice Characterization of humoral responses in mice immunized with plasmid DNAs encoding SARS-CoV spike gene fragments A subcutaneously injected UV-inactivated SARS coronavirus vaccine elicits systemic humoral immunity in mice Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice Immunogenicity of SARS inactivated vaccine in BALB/c mice Augmentation of immune responses to SARS coronavirus by a combination of DNA and whole killed virus vaccines Immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in rhesus monkeys A double-inactivated whole virus candidate SARS coronavirus vaccine stimulates neutralising and protective antibody responses Antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection and disease Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications Intracellular transport of recombinant coronavirus spike proteins: implications for virus assembly Localization of antigenic sites of the S glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis virus involved in neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement Monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus Laboratory Biosafety Manual WHO biosafety guidelines for handling of SARS specimens Caution urged on SARS vaccines The authors thank Dr. Marc P. Girard and Dr. Marie-Paule Kieny for their invaluable assistance in preparing the manuscript.
- keywords: acute; analysis; animal; animal models; antibodies; antibody; assays; associated; available; candidate; challenge; china; clinical; collaborative; coronavirus; cov; cynomolgus; data; days; development; different; disease; efficacy; enhanced; enhancement; entry; evaluation; ferrets; hamsters; human; immune; immunity; immunized; immunological; important; inactivated; infection; international; laboratory; like; macaques; mice; models; monoclonal; neutralization; neutralizing; number; observed; p.i; pathology; patients; pneumonitis; points; preparation; protective; protein; quantitative; reagents; replication; repository; research; respiratory; rhesus; rsv; sars; sera; severe; species; spike; standard; strains; studies; study; sufficient; suitable; syndrome; time; vaccinated; vaccines; viral; virology; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-321918-9jwma2y6
- author: Xiu, Siyu
- title: Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry: Current and Future Opportunities
- date: 2020-06-15
- words: 10551
- flesch: 42
- summary: Hypertension A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme−related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1−9 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target Screening and identification of linear B-cell epitopes and entry-blocking peptide of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus using synthetic overlapping peptide library A hexapeptide of the receptor-binding domain of SARS corona virus spike protein blocks viral entry into host cells via the human receptor ACE2 Using peptidomimetics and constrained peptides as valuable tools for inhibiting protein−protein interactions Novel peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Structure-based discovery of a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Vitro Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Chronic hydroxychloroquine use associated with qt prolongation and refractory ventricular arrhythmia Conduction disorder and qt prolongation secondary to long-term treatment with chloroquine Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy-related risk factors in a turkish cohort Tumor necrosis factor-alpha convertase (ADAM17) mediates regulated ectodomain shedding of the severe-acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) TACE antagonists blocking ACE2 shedding caused by the spike protein of SARS-CoV are candidate antiviral compounds ACE2 X-ray structures reveal a large hingebending motion important for inhibitor binding and catalysis Szczubialka, K. Novel polymeric inhibitors of HCoV-NL63 HTCC: broad range inhibitor of coronavirus entry Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its role in acute lung injury in mice Cell-based antiviral screening against coronaviruses: developing virus-specific and broad-spectrum inhibitors Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeat-derived peptides Structures and polymorphic interactions of two heptad-repeat regions of the SARS virus S2 protein Inhibition of human coronavirus NL63 infection at early stages of the replication cycle Fusion core structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV): in search of potent SARS-CoV entry inhibitors Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor against mers-cov infection A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection (previously 2019-nCoV) by a highly potent pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting its spike protein that harbors a high capacity to mediate membrane fusion Identification of a novel inhibitor against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Peptide-based membrane fusion inhibitors targeting hcov-229e spike protein HR1 and HR2 domains SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies Fully human monoclonal antibody directed to proteolytic cleavage site in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Situation Reports; World Health Organization COVID-19) Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Clathrin-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus into target cells expressing ACE2 with the cytoplasmic tail deleted SARS coronavirus entry into host cells through a novel clathrin-and caveolae-independent endocytic pathway Ebola virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus display late cell entry kinetics: evidence that transport to NPC1+ endolysosomes is a rate-defining step Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/ lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection mediated by the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade Structure of the hemagglutinin precursor cleavage site, a determinant of influenza pathogenicity and the origin of the labile conformation Characterization of a highly conserved domain within the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein S2 domain with characteristics of a viral fusion peptide Genetic analysis of the SARS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein functional domains involved in cell-surface expression and cell-to-cell fusion Identification and characterization of the putative fusion peptide of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus spike protein Drug targets for corona virus: a systematic review Mouse hepatitis virus type 2 enters cells through a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway independent of eps15 A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Learning from the past: possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV Pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor: an in silico analysis Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2 Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Design and biological activities of novel inhibitory peptides for SARS-CoV spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 interaction Identification of critical determinants on ACE2 for SARS-CoV entry and development of a potent entry inhibitor Faccin-Galhardi, L. C. Antibody therapy for the control of viral diseases: an update Monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases.
- keywords: ace2; active; activity; acute; addition; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; approach; assay; associated; available; binding; cathepsin; cells; cellular; chloroquine; clathrin; cleavage; clinical; complex; compounds; converting; coronavirus; cov; cov s; cov-2; covid-19; cross; cycle; data; dependent; development; domain; drug; east; ebola; ek1; endosomal; entry; enzyme; et al; figure; furin; fusion; genome; glycoprotein; hcov; hcov-229e; high; host; hr1; hr2; hr2p; human; important; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibitors; interaction; intervention; library; like; mab; mechanism; membrane; mers; mice; middle; molecule; monoclonal; mouse; neutralizing; new; nl63; novel; pathway; peptide; potent; potential; process; promising; protease; protein; pseudotyped; rbd; recent; receptor; region; replication; research; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; role; s protein; sars; sars coronavirus; severe; similar; site; small; specific; spike; spike protein; step; structure; studies; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; table; target; therapeutic; tmprss2; treatment; vaccine; value; vero; viral; viral entry; viruses; vitro
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- cord-322051-89wgv100
- author: Tanasa, Ingrid Andrada
- title: Anosmia and ageusia associated with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) - what is known?
- date: 2020-05-28
- words: 2263
- flesch: 36
- summary: A descriptive study Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: A cross-sectional study Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: A first perspective Giant cell arteritis with arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy Features of anosmia in COVID-19 Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients: Single-center experience on 72 cases Anosmia and ageusia: common findings in COVID-19 Patients Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2 Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS A single-cell atlas of the airway epithelium reveals the CFTR-rich pulmonary ionocyte Morphologic changes in the nasal cavity associated with sialodacryoadenitis virus infection in the Wistar rat Inflammatory obstruction of the olfactory clefts and olfactory loss in humans: A new syndrome? Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: An observational cohort study Reduced salivary mucin binding and glycosylation in older adults influences taste in an in vitro cell model MRI detection of olfactory bulb and tract Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak COVID-19 and treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids: Should we be limiting their use in the clinical setting Topical therapy in anosmia: Relevance of steroid-responsiveness Effects of olfactory training in patients with olfactory loss Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: A randomized, controlled, multicenter study Olfactory training changes electrophysiological responses at the level of the olfactory epithelium The authors declare that they have no competing interests. key: cord-322051-89wgv100 authors: Tanasa, Ingrid Andrada; Manciuc, Carmen; Carauleanu, Alexandru; Navolan, Dan Bogdan; Bohiltea, Roxana Elena; Nemescu, Dragos title: Anosmia and ageusia associated with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) - what is known? date: 2020-05-28 journal: Exp Ther Med DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8808 sha: doc_id: 322051 cord_uid: 89wgv100 In 2020 a new pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is affecting the lives of millions of patients and healthcare workers worldwide.
- keywords: ace2; ageusia; anosmia; associated; association; authors; bulb; cases; cells; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; different; disease; dysfunction; gustatory; infected; infection; loss; manifestations; neurons; new; novel; olfactory; patients; picture; receptor; respiratory; sars; smell; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; taste; treatment; viral
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- cord-322129-uyswj4ow
- author: Melin, Amanda D.
- title: Comparative ACE2 variation and primate COVID-19 risk
- date: 2020-10-27
- words: 6328
- flesch: 40
- summary: Some of our results, such as the uniform conservation of ACE2 binding sites among catarrhines, backed up by the demonstrated high susceptibility of humans and other catarrhines to SARS-CoV-2, should give a good degree of confidence of high levels of risk. Great apes, COVID-19 and the SARS CoV-2 joint statement of the IUCN SSC Wildlife Health Specialist Group and the Primate Specialist Group Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus.
- keywords: ace2; acid; affinity; alanine; amino; analysis; angiotensin; apes; available; aye; bats; binding; catarrhines; clade; closest; codeml; complex; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; critical; data; different; disease; domain; energy; evidence; fig; functional; gene; great; h41; high; humans; impact; important; infection; initial; interactions; iucn; lemurs; license; likelihood; likely; living; major; mammals; model; modeling; monkeys; nonhuman; novel; pairwise; platyrrhines; populations; positive; potential; predicted; primate; protein; rbd; receptor; relatives; residues; respiratory; response; results; risk; sars; scanning; selection; sequences; severe; similar; sites; species; spike; strepsirrhines; structural; studies; study; supplementary; susceptibility; susceptible; symptoms; table; tarsiers; use; variation; viral; wild
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- cord-322811-6lebh7ca
- author: Baig, Mirza S.
- title: Identification of a Potential Peptide Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Targeting its Entry into the Host Cells
- date: 2020-06-26
- words: 4134
- flesch: 46
- summary: However, in comparison with our structurally stable 18aa peptide inhibitor comprising the ACE2 PD residues ranging from positions 28-45, their inhibitor 1 peptide comprising residues 21-55 is structurally unstable and non-specific; hence, they made multiple modifications to it, which thereby changes its properties as well as its similarity to our peptide. Out of a total of 15 interacting residues of ACE2 PD, 10 residues are in the stretch of Q24 to L45.
- keywords: 18aa; 23aa; 6m17; ace2; acid; alanine; amino; analysis; angiotensin; b0at1; binding; cells; chimera; clinical; complex; complexes; computational; conformations; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; design; development; docking; domain; dynamics; energy; entry; enzyme; fig; host; https; human; infection; inhibitor; interaction; interface; l45; molecular; non; novel; outbreak; pdb; peptide; potential; protein; receptor; residues; results; sars; scanning; sequence; software; spike; spike protein; stability; stable; structure; studies; study; terminal; therapeutic; toxicity; vaccine
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-322837-tqgwgvo0
- author: Gable, Lance
- title: Legal and Ethical Implications of Wastewater SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring for COVID-19 Surveillance
- date: 2020-06-24
- words: 1912
- flesch: 38
- summary: Courts have long recognized that public health powers include the authority to conduct testing and screening programs. They aver that sewage-based data will inform decisions surrounding the advancement or scale-back of social distancing and quarantine efforts, 27 and that community monitoring at the municipal or community level … may allow for more granular detection of SARS-CoV-2 … to help preemptively enact public health measures prior to the widespread onset of disease.
- keywords: community; courts; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; disease; ethical; feces; government; health; legal; measures; monitoring; order; powers; privacy; public; quarantine; restrictions; restrictive; sars; scientific; screening; social; state; testing; use; virus; wastewater
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- cord-322908-e3gok0ot
- author: Huang, Fangfang
- title: A review of therapeutic agents and Chinese herbal medicines against SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19)
- date: 2020-05-20
- words: 5067
- flesch: 28
- summary: Analysis on the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 by suppressing cytokine storm One-Compound-Multi-Target: Combination Prospect of Natural Compounds with Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke Baicalin ameliorates oxidative apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial dynamics in the spleen of chickens via the opposite modulation of NF-kappaB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds Inhibitory activities of baicalin against renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme Availability, Pharmaceutics, Security, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacological Activities of Patchouli Alcohol, Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as identified by temporal kinome analysis Inhibition effects of patchouli alcohol against influenza a virus through targeting cellular PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways Oral administration of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba augments protection against influenza viral infection in mice Novel extraction techniques and pharmaceutical activities of luteolin and its derivatives Therefore, it can be reasonably speculated that baicalin is one of the potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment.
- keywords: ace2; acid; activities; activity; acute; addition; andrographolide; anti; antiviral; associated; baicalin; binding; broad; china; chinese; chloroquine; clinical; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; docking; drug; effect; effective; efficacy; epidemic; glycyrrhizic; hcq; health; herbal; host; hydroxychloroquine; iav; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibitor; inhibits; interferon; kcal; key; lopinavir; low; lpv; luteolin; medicines; mol; molecular; natural; new; novel; novel coronavirus; patchouli; patients; plpro; pneumonia; potential; protease; protein; quercetin; randomized; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; results; review; ritonavir; safety; sars; severe; spectrum; spike; studies; study; syndrome; targets; therapeutic; therapy; time; treatment; trial
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- cord-322913-sq9mq6f1
- author: Ciabattini, Annalisa
- title: Shelter from the cytokine storm: pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population
- date: 2020-11-06
- words: 8078
- flesch: 24
- summary: The immunogenicity of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine versus 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine in adults aged 50-80 years Study of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in the elderly in the epidemic of 1989-90 using a general practice database Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the community-dwelling elderly Effect of influenza vaccine status on winter mortality in Spanish community-dwelling elderly people during 2002-2005 influenza periods Efficacy and costeffectiveness of influenza vaccination of the elderly in a densely populated and unvaccinated community Systems analysis of sex differences reveals an immunosuppressive role for testosterone in the response to influenza vaccination A single dose of unadjuvanted novel 2009 H1N1 vaccine is immunogenic and well tolerated in young and elderly adults Immune response following H1N1pdm09 vaccination: differences in antibody repertoire and avidity in young adults and elderly populations stratified by age and gender Role of the microbiota in the modulation of vaccine immune responses The influence of the intestinal microbiome on vaccine responses Antibiotics-driven gut microbiome perturbation alters immunity to vaccines in humans Recent advances in systems biology integrating clinical, immunologic, and omics data can help to identify stable and robust markers of vaccine response and move towards a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in the elderly.
- keywords: acute; adaptive; adults; age; aged; aging; analysis; antibodies; antibody; biological; biology; blood; candidates; care; cd8; cells; changes; clinical; complex; consideration; coronavirus; correlates; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; damage; data; design; development; different; disease; dna; early; effectiveness; efficacy; elderly; elderly population; factors; fig; gender; gut; health; higher; human; immune; immune responses; immunity; immunogenicity; immunopathological; immunosenescence; impact; inactivated; individual; infection; inflammaging; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; innate; intestinal; large; likely; lung; macrophages; mechanisms; mers; microbiota; models; molecular; mortality; need; non; number; older; ongoing; pandemic; patients; people; phase; platforms; population; possible; protection; protein; pulmonary; recent; receptor; reduced; related; respiratory; responses; risk; rna; role; safety; sars; severe; sex; specific; status; storm; strategies; studies; study; syndrome; systems; t cells; target; trials; type; use; vaccination; vaccine; vectors; viral; virus; women; years
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-322957-clf8f90t
- author: Crespo, Javier
- title: Resumption of activity in gastroenterology departments. Recommendations by SEPD, AEEH, GETECCU and AEG
- date: 2020-04-28
- words: 5301
- flesch: 46
- summary: General recommendations regarding the treatment of patients with IBD, which must remain in force during the gradual resumption of activities: a. Patients must not discontinue medication or visits to the infusion center, or start self-medication, without consulting with their doctor first. A possible reason explaining this lower number of cases of COVID-19 in IBD patients may be this population's adherence to protective measures.
- keywords: activity; advisable; aeeh; aeg; aerosol; areas; available; bowel; burden; care; case; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; data; departments; disease; endoscopy; evidence; examinations; gastroenterology; gastrointestinal; general; geteccu; healthcare; high; hospital; ibd; incidence; infection; inflammatory; key; liver; los; management; negative; non; normal; number; objectives; pandemic; patients; pcr; phase; population; por; possible; potential; present; procedures; professionals; protective; recommendations; region; resumption; risk; room; sars; screening; sepd; society; specific; symptoms; table; telematic; telemedicine; testing; time; transmission; treatment; unit; urgent; use; usual; visits
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- cord-323061-0i5w7vm9
- author: Kharel Sitaula, Ranju
- title: Unfolding COVID-19: Lessons-in-Learning in Ophthalmology
- date: 2020-09-28
- words: 4852
- flesch: 45
- summary: Front Public Health Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework The COVID-19 pandemic from an ophthalmologist's perspective Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease Rhesus macaques can be effectively infected with SARS-CoV-2 via ocular conjunctival route Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS 3, JVI Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 29 Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 cleave ACE2 differentially and only proteolysis by TMPRSS2 augments entry driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Many faces of renin-angiotensin system-focus on eye The ocular renin-angiotensin system: a therapeutic target for the treatment of ocular disease ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia medicine (CEBM) Cfe-b. Spreading SARS-CoV-2 through ocular fluids Assessing viral shedding and infectivity of tears in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes? RT-PCR analysis of the ocular secretions has shown the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleotides indicating the possibility of infection of ocular secretions.
- keywords: ace2; ace2 receptors; acute; analysis; angiotensin; april; articles; cell; china; common; conjunctival; conjunctivitis; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; disease; early; entry; eye; eyes; health; host; human; hypothesis; infection; involvement; late; literature; manifestation; measures; mucosa; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleotides; ocular; ocular secretions; ocular surface; ophthalmic; outbreak; pathogenesis; patients; pcr; pneumonia; presence; present; protective; protein; receptors; reports; respiratory; review; rna; sars; secretions; severe; spike; spread; surface; symptoms; syndrome; system; tears; tract; transmission; viral; virus
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- cord-323093-u3ozc9ry
- author: Rathnayake, Athri D.
- title: 3C-like protease inhibitors block coronavirus replication in vitro and improve survival in MERS-CoV–infected mice
- date: 2020-08-19
- words: 7178
- flesch: 48
- summary: In the presence of compound concentrations that were about two-to threefold higher than the EC 50 values obtained in Vero E6 cells (2 M, 6j or 0.5 M, 6e), viral titers were reduced to 10 6.4 (donor 1), 10 6.1 (donor 2), and 10 6.3 (donor 3) PFU/ml for compound 6j or 10 6.1 (donor 1), 10 6.5 (donor 2), and 10 8.1 (donor 3) PFU/ml for compound 6e (Table 3) . Compounds 6j and 6h share a near-identical structure except for the extra methylene group present in compound 6j.
- keywords: 3clpro; activity; airway; analysis; animals; antiviral; assay; bond; broad; cells; compound; control; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; culture; data; day; design; determined; development; dipeptidyl; disease; donor; dpi; drug; east; efficacy; enzyme; epithelial; ester; feline; fig; fret; gc376; gln; groups; hdpp4; human; infected; infection; inhibitors; interactions; like; loss; lung; mers; methyl; mice; middle; model; mouse; multiple; potency; potent; primary; protease; replication; respiratory; sars; series; severe; spectrum; structure; studies; study; survival; syndrome; table; therapeutic; titers; treatment; values; vehicle; vero; weight
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-323666-t7cshj05
- author: Cegolon, L.
- title: Nasal Disinfection for the Prevention and Control of COVID-19: A Scoping Review on Potential Chemo-preventive Agents.
- date: 2020-08-18
- words: 6192
- flesch: 41
- summary: Therefore, there are two issues with COVID- 19: high transmissibility of the virus and variable clinical pattern of the disease, which can range from pre-symptomatic/asymptomatic condition to life threatening pneumonia featured by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and hypercoagulable state The abstracts of the original articles were explored for the following terms: mechanism(s) of action, tolerability and any evidence of toxic effects or selection of resistant strains, whether the treatment was tested in vitro (in particular against SARS-CoV-2), or reached the clinical trials stage, or is currently marketed/promoted/sold.
- keywords: action; activity; agents; airways; alcohol; alpha; ammonium; antiseptic; antiviral; asymptomatic; available; bacteria; care; cavity; cell; chlorotaurine; clinical; cold; compounds; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; days; different; disease; drugs; effective; effects; efficacy; entry; epithelial; evidence; group; hand; hcq; health; herpes; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; hypothiocyanite; ifn; individuals; infection; influenza; inhibition; interferon; iodine; lactoferrin; lactoperoxidase; lpo; mass; nasal; nct; non; nose; novel; oscn; pandemic; papers; patients; positive; potential; povidone; pre; products; protective; pvp; quaternary; r n; randomized; respiratory; review; risk; sars; severe; spread; study; symptoms; system; testing; transmission; treatment; trial; viral; virus; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-323905-ayufx3wv
- author: Kort, N. P.
- title: Recommendations for resuming elective hip and knee arthroplasty in the setting of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: the European Hip Society and European Knee Associates Survey of Members
- date: 2020-08-18
- words: 3719
- flesch: 46
- summary: Are new triage/patient selection criteria needed for hip and knee arthroplasty patients once elective surgery is resumed? Increased demand for hip and knee arthroplasty, coupled with limited hospital resources, will force surgeons to select which patients will receive hip and knee arthroplasties sooner than others. The April 2020 SARS-CoV-2 survey completed by EHS and EKA members in Europe has confirmed the impact of SARS-CoV-2: this pandemic has resulted in a tremendous reduction in primary hip and knee arthroplasty procedures as shown in the survey.
- keywords: agreement; anaesthesia; arthroplasty; care; cov-2; density; ehs; eka; elective; elective hip; european; face; health; hip; hospital; knee; knee arthroplasty; members; need; negative; operative; orthopaedic; pandemic; participants; patients; phase; positive; possible; post; pre; procedures; recommendations; risk; safe; sars; setting; society; spinal; staff; standard; surgeons; surgery; surgical; survey; symptoms; time; transmission; use; wards
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-324102-75v4ebag
- author: Garcia Rodriguez, Alejandro
- title: SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy, a risk factor for eclampsia or neurological manifestations of COVID-19? Case report
- date: 2020-10-06
- words: 1730
- flesch: 44
- summary: Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China SARS-CoV-2: olfaction, brain infection, and the urgent need for clinical samples allowing earlier virus detection Selfreported Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study Sudden and complete olfactory loss function as a possible symptom of COVID-19 Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and placental growth factor kinetics during and after pregnancy in women with suspected or confirmed pre-eclampsia Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the ALBACOVID registry Incidence of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in eclamptic and patients with preeclampsia with neurologic symptoms Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 46 of 47 patients with eclampsia The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development World medical association declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations The authors conclude that SARS COV-2 infection could promote brain endothelial damage and facilitate neurological complications during pregnancy.
- keywords: blood; brain; case; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; damage; data; diagnosis; eclampsia; endothelial; infection; leukoencephalopathy; manifestations; manuscript; neurological; patient; posterior; preeclampsia; pregnancy; pregnant; pressure; reversible; risk; sars; section; seizures; symptoms; treatment; women
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-324480-7u5lh4jx
- author: Sharma, A.
- title: Structural stability of SARS-CoV-2 degrades with temperature
- date: 2020-10-14
- words: 1541
- flesch: 42
- summary: Therefore virus particles may be exposed to both wet and dry conditions before coming into contact with and infecting the next host. It is widely recognized that virus particles often spread after their deposition on various surfaces
- keywords: associated; conditions; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; different; droplets; dry; elevated; environmental; fig; infectious; noise; pandemic; particles; proteins; sars; seasonality; stability; structural; studies; surface; temperature; viral; virus; vlps; washout
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-324557-4u8dja0n
- author: Leblanc, Jean‐François
- title: Risk of Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 by Transfusion: A Literature Review
- date: 2020-08-15
- words: 3049
- flesch: 41
- summary: For those studies which did not detect RNAaemia, this column shows the entire range of times when blood samples were collected. 4, 8, As correctly pointed out by Huang et al., 4 the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genomic material in the blood of asymptomatic/presymptomatic individuals or COVID-19 patients should be referred to as RNAaemia, as opposed to viremia, which refers to the presence of intact, infectious virions in blood.
- keywords: acute; article; blood; cases; cell; china; clinical; components; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; disease; genomic; human; individuals; infected; infection; infectivity; load; material; novel; patients; plasma; pneumonia; positive; references; replication; reports; respiratory; rights; risk; rna; rnaaemia; samples; sars; search; serum; severe; studies; syndrome; transfusion; transmission; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-324856-hf969tav
- author: Abir, Tanvir
- title: Factors Associated with the Perception of Risk and Knowledge of Contracting the SARS-Cov-2 among Adults in Bangladesh: Analysis of Online Surveys
- date: 2020-07-21
- words: 4147
- flesch: 47
- summary: A similar survey conducted to test the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of people in the Hubei province, China, about the COVID-19 outbreak found that higher knowledge, attitude and perception scores among residents was related to the ages and socioeconomic statuses of the respondents [22] . Compared with the early lockdown period, the results indicated that perceived risk scores for contracting COVID-19 in late lockdown period reduced significantly (adjusted coefficients (β) −0.85, 95% CI:−1.31, −0.39).
- keywords: adults; age; analysis; associated; awareness; bangladesh; contracting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; early; early lockdown; education; factors; figure; findings; health; high; higher; infection; knowledge; late; late lockdown; level; lockdown; low; mean; model; online; outbreak; pandemic; people; perception; period; practice; public; quarantine; religious; respondents; response; risk; sars; scores; significant; stratification; study; survey; variables; virus; world; worried
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-324919-ciamusjs
- author: Scialo, Filippo
- title: ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-11-10
- words: 5367
- flesch: 32
- summary: Other potential therapeutic approaches include a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-based vaccine, a TMPRSS inhibitor to block the priming of the spike protein, and blockage of the surface ACE2 receptor by using anti-ACE2 antibody or peptides [81] . This may shed light on factors that modulate cell surface ACE2 receptor affecting viral cell entry and consequently susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- keywords: able; ace2; activation; activity; acute; adam17; ang1; angii; angiotensin; apelin; at1r; axis; better; binding; brb1; cell; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; different; disease; domain; effect; entry; enzyme; epithelial; evidence; expression; form; high; human; illness; important; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; interaction; key; kinin; kks; ldeabk; level; low; membrane; novel; pandemic; pathways; patients; people; plasma; plays; potential; protein; raas; receptor; regulation; renin; respiratory; response; risk; role; sars; severe; shedding; soluble; specific; spike; studies; susceptibility; syndrome; system; terminal; therapeutic; therapies; tissue; tmprss2; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-324978-9qfhsj3n
- author: Alagaili, Abdulaziz N.
- title: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Dromedary Camels in Saudi Arabia
- date: 2014-02-25
- words: 3573
- flesch: 46
- summary: These limitations notwithstanding, the most urgent public health concern, raised in work we and others have reported that focuses on DC infection, is to determine the role of these animals in sporadic human infection. The only archived DC specimens we have been able to locate are DC sera; our efforts to recover MERS-CoV sequences from camel blood have been unsuccessful.
- keywords: acids; adults; analysis; animals; antibodies; assay; blood; camels; cells; coronavirus; cov; disease; east; evidence; gizan; goats; human; infected; infection; juveniles; ksa; life; material; mers; middle; nasal; nucleic; nucleocapsid; pcr; positive; presence; prevalence; qpcr; reactivity; rectal; region; respiratory; samples; saudi; sequences; sera; serum; sheep; specimens; supplemental; swabs; syndrome; table; taif; technologies; test; transmission; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-325014-n7mnhk2v
- author: Gujski, Mariusz
- title: Prevalence of Current and Past SARS-CoV-2 Infections among Police Employees in Poland, June–July 2020
- date: 2020-10-11
- words: 4900
- flesch: 43
- summary: Participants aged ≥60 years had a higher odds of positive IgG index vs. those aged 20–29 years (OR: 3.309). Daily vaping also increased the odds of positive IgG index (OR: 2.058).
- keywords: age; anti; antibodies; antibody; asymptomatic; available; cases; cigarette; civilian; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; current; data; disease; elisa; employees; equivocal; higher; igg; igg index; igm+iga; igm+iga index; index; individuals; infection; laboratory; negative; number; odds; officers; overall; participants; past; pcr; poland; police; population; positive; positive anti; prevalence; questionnaire; results; risk; samples; sars; serological; significant; study; subjects; symptoms; test; testing; units; use; variables; women; work; years
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-325234-skshcrh1
- author: Jin, Tingxu
- title: SARS-CoV-2 presented in the air of an intensive care unit (ICU)
- date: 2020-08-15
- words: 4279
- flesch: 41
- summary: Therefore, with an objective to test the hypothesis of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to 1) determine whether SARS-CoV-2 particles are present in the indoor air and 2) determine whether recovered patients are still shedding virus, thus providing much-needed environmental evidence for the management of COVID-19 patients during the recovery period. Therefore, our study aims to 1) determine whether SARS-CoV-2 particles are present in the indoor air, with an objective to test the hypothesis of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and 2) determine whether recovered patients are still shedding SARS-CoV-2 particles, thus providing much-needed environmental evidence for the management of COVID-19 patients during the recovery period.
- keywords: acute; aerosol; air; airborne; auri; care; china; cities; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; discharge; disease; disinfection; droplet; environmental; evidence; health; high; hospital; humidity; icu; indoor; isolation; jiangjunshan; negative; pandemic; particles; patients; positive; r n; rate; recovered; respiratory; room; routine; samples; sampling; sars; severe; size; smart; spread; staff; studies; study; surface; syndrome; test; transmission; u r; viral; virus; zhang
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- cord-325324-kh2aal5n
- author: Teng, Shaolei
- title: ACE2 Enhance Viral Infection or Viral Infection Aggravate the Underlying Diseases
- date: 2020-08-06
- words: 4412
- flesch: 40
- summary: -Authors' reply Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension Neprilysin inhibitor-angiotensin II receptor blocker combination (sacubitril/valsartan): rationale for adoption in SARS-CoV-2 patients Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19 Sound Science before Quick Judgement Regarding RAS Blockade in COVID-19 Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic: At Present There Is No Evidence to Abandon Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Physiological Effects in the Cardiovascular System Increased angiotensin-(1-7)-forming activity in failing human heart ventricles: evidence for upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme Homologue ACE2 A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 and Angiotensin (1-7) axis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Ang II (Angiotensin II) Conversion to Angiotensin-(1-7) in the Circulation Is POP (Prolyloligopeptidase)-Dependent and ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2)-Independent Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptorbinding domain complexed with receptor Human coronavirus NL63 employs the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor for cellular entry Understanding Human Coronavirus HCoV-NL63 Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2 Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 The impact of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike on viral infectivity and antigenicity Enhanced receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 through networks of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions Key residues of the receptor binding motif in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that interact with ACE2 and neutralizing antibodies Association of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms with hypertension-related target organ damages in south Xinjiang ACE2 gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: an updated meta-analysis involving 11,051 subjects Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan Covid-19: death rate is 0.66% and increases with age, study estimates Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis Protecting older people from COVID-19: should the United Kingdom start at age 60? Estimating the infection and case fatality ratio for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using ageadjusted data from the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship Biomarkers of biological age as predictors of COVID-19 disease severity Human aminopeptidase N is a receptor for human coronavirus 229E Structural and functional analysis of the surface protein of human coronavirus OC43 Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2 Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC
- keywords: ace2; acute; african; age; analysis; ang-(1; angiotensin; antibodies; binding; blood; cardiovascular; cases; china; comorbidities; converting; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; deaths; different; diseases; entry; enzyme; fatality; function; heart; host; human; hypertension; infection; interaction; market; membrane; novel; older; origin; outbreak; pandemic; patients; population; pressure; protein; rbd; receptor; renin; respiratory; review; rna; sars; seafood; severe; spike; study; syndrome; system; systematic; theory; underlying; usa; viral; wuhan
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- cord-325614-e9hnhzfg
- author: Todorov, German
- title: A Possible Path towards Rapid Development of Live-Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Plunging into the Natural Pool
- date: 2020-10-14
- words: 3125
- flesch: 33
- summary: The importance of naturally attenuated SARS-CoV-2in the fight against COVID-19 Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination Early clinical pathologists: Edward Jenner (1749-1823) Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin-inventor of the oral polio vaccine Albert Sabin and the Coalition to Eliminate Polio from the Americas Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland Broad and strong memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK convalescent individuals following COVID-19 Sola, I. Molecular Basis of Coronavirus Virulence and Vaccine Development Recombinant Receptor Binding Domain Protein Induces Partial Protective Immunity in Rhesus Macaques Against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Challenge Recombinant vector vaccine evolution Sublingual immunization with recombinant adenovirus encoding SARS-CoV spike protein induces systemic and mucosal immunity without redirection of the virus to the brain Immunogenicity of an adenoviral-based Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine in BALB/c mice Systemic and mucosal immunity in mice elicited by a single immunization with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector-based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and hamsters of a beta-propiolactone inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV vaccine A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Effects of Toll-like receptor stimulation on eosinophilic infiltration in lungs of BALB/c mice immunized with UV-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus vaccine Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with Potent Protection against SARS-CoV-2 attenuated coronavirus vaccines through the directed deletion of group-specific genes provide protection against feline infectious peritonitis Apparently, in many cases, attenuated virus strains tends to be transmitted less easily (as they tend to reproduce more slowly, be shed less, etc) than the corresponding non-attenuated strains.
- keywords: acute; additional; approach; attenuated; attenuation; candidate; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; development; evolution; fidelity; high; immune; immunity; inactivated; individuals; infection; live; mice; mild; natural; pcr; protein; rapid; recombinant; replication; respiratory; risk; rna; sars; screening; severe; strains; symptoms; syndrome; test; vaccination; vaccines; variants; virulence; virus; viruses; weaker
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- cord-325902-33pxylb3
- author: Hemida, Maged Gomaa
- title: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and the One Health concept
- date: 2019-08-22
- words: 6357
- flesch: 52
- summary: The prevalence rate of MERS-CoV in primary cases among males is relatively higher than that of females (Darling et al., 2017) , which may be because exposure to infected dromedary camels is much higher in males than in females. In this article, I highlight the known information about the MERS-CoV infection and its pathogenesis in humans, the patterns of MERS-CoV in dromedary camels, the potential roles of other animals in the transmission cycle of MERS-CoV, and the interaction of MERS-CoV/humans/animals.
- keywords: active; africa; animals; antibodies; arabian; aspects; bats; camels; cases; certain; chan; close; concept; contact; context; coronavirus; countries; cov; cov infection; cycle; data; date; dromedary; dromedary camels; east; environment; et al; experimental; exposure; factors; family; health; hemida; hemida et; high; human; important; infected; infection; mers; middle; milk; new; outbreaks; patients; peninsula; people; population; possibility; potential; presence; reason; regions; research; reservoir; respiratory; risk; rna; role; sars; saudi; sera; shedding; strategies; studies; study; syndrome; transmission; unknown; viral; virus; years
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- cord-325959-uqg2xkie
- author: Bundschuh, Christian
- title: Evaluation of the EDI enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in human plasma
- date: 2020-06-08
- words: 2211
- flesch: 48
- summary: Currently, detection of SARS-CoV-2 with RT-PCR testing from upper or lower respiratory specimens is gold standard method for the confirmation of suspected COVID-19 patients [1] [2] [3] . Preliminary data show a potential use of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests to aid in the diagnosis of suspected COVID-19 patients [5, 6] .
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; assays; blood; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; edi; evaluation; healthy; igg; igm; negative; novel; onset; patients; pcr; plasma; positivity; rates; sample; sars; study; true
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- cord-325966-0g7a9s5z
- author: Shih, Hsin-I.
- title: Fighting COVID-19: a quick review of diagnoses, therapies, and vaccines
- date: 2020-05-30
- words: 7334
- flesch: 33
- summary: For COVID-19 patients, fever and cough are the two most common symptoms, and some patients might also suffer from sputum production, sore throat, headache, myalgia/arthralgia, rhinorrhea, and diarrhea An earlier study demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine was significantly associated with viral load reduction/disappearance in COVID-19 patients and its effect was strengthened by azithromycin [25] .
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; addition; ade; administration; adverse; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; available; bcg; bifidobacterium; candidate; cases; cells; china; clinical; common; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; critical; cytokine; data; days; dependent; detection; development; diagnostic; different; disease; dna; drugs; effective; effects; efficacy; elevated; favipiravir; fusion; high; human; hydroxychloroquine; il-6; immune; immunity; immunogenicity; inactivated; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibitor; laboratory; levels; live; load; lopinavir; low; major; membrane; mers; mortality; mrna; need; neutralizing; new; novel; onset; pandemic; patients; phase; plasma; potential; protease; protective; protein; randomized; rapid; rate; receptor; remdesivir; respiratory; response; review; ritonavir; rna; safety; samples; sars; seroconversion; serological; severe; shedding; specific; spike; sputum; studies; study; syndrome; testing; tests; time; treatment; trials; use; vaccination; vaccine; vector; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-326013-5i35zdmv
- author: Carpinteiro, Alexander
- title: Pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase prevents uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by epithelial cells
- date: 2020-10-29
- words: 3116
- flesch: 37
- summary: The tricyclic antidepressant desipramine causes proteolytic degradation of lysosomal sphingomyelinase in human fibroblasts Interactions of acid sphingomyelinase and lipid bilayers in the presence of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine Identification of new functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase using a structure-property-activity relation model Acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system mediates effects of antidepressant drugs Antidepressants act by inducing autophagy controlled by sphingomyelin-ceramide Emerging mechanisms of drug-induced phospholipidosis Rhinoviruses infect human epithelial cells via ceramide-enriched membrane platforms Ebolavirus requires acid sphingomyelinase activity and plasma membrane sphingomyelin for infection SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an Interferonstimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues Increase of heart rate and QTc by Amitripytline, but not by Venlafaxine, is correleated to serum concentration Association between SSRI antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicenter retrospective observational study The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Quantitative modeling of selective lysosomal targeting for drug design Distribution and fate of C14-amitriptyline in mice and rats Postmortem release of amitriptyline from the lungs; a mechanism of postmortem drug redistribution Postmortem distribution of tramadol, amitriptyline, and their metabolites in a suicidal overdose Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 Ceramide is upregulated and associated with mortality in patients with chronic heart failure The unexpected role of acid sphingomyelinase in cell death and the pathophysiology of common diseases A Vesicular Stomatitis Virus replicon-based bioassay for the rapid and sensitive determination of multispecies type I Interferon Mutations in the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmitted in Korea increase resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization Here we report that either pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase with amitriptyline, imipramine, fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram, or maprotiline, or genetic downregulation of the enzyme prevents infection of cultured cells or freshy isolated human nasal epithelial cells with SARS-CoV-2 or pseudoviral pp-VSV-SARS-CoV-2 particles expressing spike, a bona fide system mimicking SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- keywords: ace2; acid; activation; activity; amitriptyline; antibodies; antidepressants; cells; cellular; ceramide; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; dose; drugs; effects; entry; enzyme; epithelial; fig; fluoxetine; high; higher; human; infection; inhibit; lysosomal; membrane; nasal; neutral; particles; patients; protein; receptor; release; results; sars; sphingomyelinase; spike; studies; study; surface; system; viral; virus; vsv
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- cord-326017-qw4qynqv
- author: Laskar, Partha
- title: “Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention Modalities against Coronavirus (COVID-19) amid Controversies
- date: 2020-08-06
- words: 14817
- flesch: 35
- summary: Thus, early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 patients is becoming very crucial to control the sources of infection and to prevent further community spread. Such tests have proven lung histology (lung damage or holes/honeycomb-like appearance) of COVID-19 patients [70] .
- keywords: 2019; ace2; acid; acute; addition; agencies; alternative; amplification; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; areas; assay; associated; autopsy; bat; big; blood; cam; care; cases; cells; changes; chest; china; chinese; clinical; combination; complementary; concern; contact; control; controversies; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 pandemic; covid-19 patients; crispr; data; day; days; death; deep; detection; development; diagnose; diagnostic; disease; dna; drug; effective; effects; enzyme; etc; evidence; figure; following; gears; genome; global; glycoprotein; government; guidelines; health; healthcare; help; high; higher; host; huge; human; hydroxychloroquine; iii; immune; important; increase; infected; infection; influenza; information; isothermal; knowledge; lamp; large; like; load; loop; lopinavir; lung; management; mass; measurements; medical; medicine; mers; methods; mild; mobile; modalities; molecular; mortality; multiple; national; ncov; new; novel; nucleic; number; open; outbreak; pandemic; patients; pcr; person; pneumonia; population; positive; possible; potential; practices; precautionary; prevention; previous; primary; process; progress; proper; properties; protective; protein; public; range; rapid; ray; reaction; real; recent; receptor; recommended; report; repurposing; research; researchers; respiratory; response; results; reverse; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; samples; sars; scan; sensitive; sequence; serological; severe; similar; single; situation; social; specific; spike; spread; strategy; studies; study; successful; surface; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; technique; technology; testing; therapeutic; therapy; time; traditional; transcription; transmission; treatment; trials; use; vaccine; viral; viruses; world
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- cord-326706-75mjs6vm
- author: Waterfield, Thomas
- title: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in children: a prospective multicentre cohort study
- date: 2020-11-10
- words: 3574
- flesch: 42
- summary: 31 32 In our study antibody titres measured using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay were significantly higher in symptomatic children compared with asymptomatic children (p=0.04). Serum and/or plasma were tested for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, in United Kingdom Accreditation Service accredited laboratories using the following assays, which have been validated for use in adults: [23] [24] [25] ► Nucleocapsid assays (Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody) ► Spike protein assays (DiaSorin LIAISON SARS CoV-2 S1/ S2 IgG assay)
- keywords: abbott; age; analysis; antibodies; antibody; assay; asymptomatic; bias; bmj; children; cohort; cov-2; covid-19; data; diasorin; disease; gastrointestinal; healthcare; igg; infection; multivariable; observational; participants; positive; presence; previous; proportion; reported; response; results; roche; sars; seropositivity; seroprevalence; significant; similar; sites; studies; study; symptomatology; symptoms; table; testing; tests; time; titres; univariate; variables; workers; years
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- cord-327063-ea7a1xfl
- author: Dhama, Kuldeep
- title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus
- date: 2020-08-02
- words: 11075
- flesch: 42
- summary: CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 UPDATE (22): COMPANION ANIMAL, DOG SUSPECTED, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus can infect cats -dogs, not so much First detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected cat in France Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Belgian cat infected by owner. key: cord-327063-ea7a1xfl authors: Dhama, Kuldeep; Patel, Shailesh Kumar; Sharun, Khan; Pathak, Mamta; Tiwari, Ruchi; Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal; Malik, Yashpal Singh; Sah, Ranjit; Rabaan, Ali A.; Panwar, Parmod Kumar; Singh, Karam Pal; Michalak, Izabela; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Martinez-Pulgarin, Dayron F.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. title: SARS-CoV-2 jumping the species barrier: zoonotic lessons from SARS, MERS and recent advances to combat this pandemic virus date: 2020-08-02 journal:
- keywords: ace2; acute; advances; affected; analysis; animal; approach; associated; asymptomatic; bats; binding; camels; cases; cats; cells; characteristics; china; civets; clinical; comparison; contact; control; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; counter; countries; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cross; current; days; december; diagnosis; different; disease; dogs; earlier; emergence; environmental; epidemic; epidemiology; events; evidence; evolution; evolutionary; food; future; gastrointestinal; genetic; genome; genomic; global; hcov; health; high; host; human; human transmission; illness; individuals; infected; infection; initial; interaction; intermediate; investigation; involvement; isolation; jumping; lessons; like; links; market; measures; mers; mild; mutations; natural; ncov; new; non; novel; novel coronavirus; number; origin; outbreak; pandemic; pangolins; pathogenesis; patients; people; period; pneumonia; positive; possibility; possible; potential; presence; present; prevention; probable; protein; public; range; rapid; rbd; recent; receptor; recombination; related; research; reservoir; respiratory; results; review; risk; rodents; role; sars; sequences; severe; signs; source; species; spike; spillover; spread; strategies; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; time; tract; transmission; viral; viruses; wildlife; world; wuhan; zoonosis; zoonotic
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- cord-327654-9g8zcxaa
- author: Chi, Xiaojing
- title: Humanized single domain antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the spike receptor binding domain
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 5017
- flesch: 46
- summary: For antibody neutralization assay, Vero cells were seeded in 96-well plates at 1 day prior to infection. Humanized sdAbs obtained in this study are about 125 amino acids with a single VHH domain in average molecular weight less than 15KDa (Fig. 1a) .
- keywords: accession; ace2; acids; activity; affinity; amino; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; article; assay; binding; blot; briefly; buffer; cells; chain; clones; coronavirus; cov-2; cov-2pp; covid-19; culture; data; day; design; domain; entry; envelope; experiments; fig; fusion; heavy; human; igg1; increase; infection; isolated; library; mers; model; neutralization; neutralizing; pbs; phage; potential; prior; protein; purified; rbd; receptor; region; residues; respiratory; results; rna; sars; sdabs; sequences; single; spike; standard; structure; study; supplementary; surface; synthetic; targeting; therapeutic; thermofisher; thrombocytopenic; time; treatment; usa; vector; viral; virus; western
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- cord-327690-di7hfghi
- author: Yang, Xiaobo
- title: Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study
- date: 2020-02-24
- words: 3860
- flesch: 49
- summary: In three previously published studies of crtically ill patients, the patient numbers were too small to summarise the characteristics and mortality of these patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. 4 Trials on remdesivir are about to recruit both mild to moderate patients (NCT04252664) and severe patients (NCT04257656) infected with SARS-CoV-2.
- keywords: acute; admission; ards; care; china; clinical; cohort; coronavirus; cov-2; data; days; disease; fever; hospital; icu; ill; ill patients; infection; injury; jin; laboratory; likely; mechanical; median; mortality; non; novel; older; outcomes; patients; pneumonia; respiratory; sars; severe; studies; study; survivors; symptoms; syndrome; tan; ventilation; wuhan; years; yin
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- cord-327997-noqbcxua
- author: Wu, Kevin E.
- title: RNA-GPS Predicts SARS-CoV-2 RNA Residency to Host Mitochondria and Nucleolus
- date: 2020-06-20
- words: 7209
- flesch: 35
- summary: In this work, we apply computational models of human RNA transcript localization to better understand the subcellular localization behavior of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and its constituent sgRNAs. A limitation of our work lies in that it applies models trained on human RNA transcript localization data to viral transcripts.
- keywords: analysis; apex; available; baseline; biology; cells; compartment; computational; consistent; context; coronavirus; cov-2; cycle; data; different; double; enrichment; et al; example; exhibit; experimental; fazal; figure; gene; genome; gps; high; host; human; hypothesis; information; input; key; leader; localization; matrix; measured; mechanisms; membrane; mitochondrial; mitochondrial matrix; model; negative; nuclear; nucleolus; number; ontology; paper; patterns; positive; potential; predictions; protein; python; rank; regions; relative; residency; residency predictions; resources; results; rna; rna localization; rnas; sars; score; sequence; sgrna; signal; significant; similar; software; strand; strong; studies; study; subcellular; subcellular residency; table; train; transcripts; use; utr; validation; viral; viruses
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- cord-328000-i9tzr13z
- author: Cockrell, Adam S.
- title: Modeling pathogenesis of emergent and pre-emergent human coronaviruses in mice
- date: 2018-07-24
- words: 11029
- flesch: 29
- summary: In addition to assessing etiologies of known hCoVs, mouse models have clinically predictive value as tools to appraise potential disease phenotypes associated with pre-emergent CoVs. Taking into account a number of practical considerations when comparing models for both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, mouse models appear to be the most pragmatic (Table 1) .
- keywords: ace2; acute; adaptive; aged; amino; antibody; available; balb; bat; bats; c57bl/6; camels; cas9; cases; cells; clinical; cockrell; cockrell et; coleman; collaborative; coronavirus; countermeasures; cov; cov infection; cov mouse; cov pathogenesis; covs; crispr; cross; day; development; different; dipeptidyl; disease; diverse; east; effective; efficacy; emergent; engineering; et al; evolution; exon; expression; fatal; fig; genetic; genome; genomic; global; hcov; hdpp4; high; host; human; immune; important; infected; infection; innate; interaction; isolates; knock; lethal; like; lines; loss; lungs; ma15; menachery; mers; mice; middle; models; molecular; mortality; mouse; mouse models; mutations; novel; number; old; outcomes; overexpression; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathology; peptidase; pfu; phenotypes; population; potential; pre; promoter; protein; receptor; replication; respiratory; respiratory disease; respiratory syndrome; responses; roberts; sars; sequence; severe; signs; species; specific; spike; strains; structural; studies; study; susceptibility; susceptible; syndrome; therapeutic; tissue; tract; transgenic; transmission; type; urbani; vaccine; viral; vivo; weight; wild; wiv1; yang; yang et; zhao
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- cord-328003-yovp8squ
- author: Duan, Liangwei
- title: The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens
- date: 2020-10-07
- words: 7368
- flesch: 23
- summary: The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity The D614G mutation of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein enhances viral infectivity SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variant D614G increases infectivity and retains sensitivity to antibodies that target the receptor binding domain Making Sense of Mutation: What D614G Means for the COVID-19 Pandemic Remains Unclear The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to Neutralization. Accordingly, there has been mounting interest in exploring the potential of immunogenic glycan moieties as vaccine candidates against multiple viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (75, 76) .
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; amino; antibodies; antibody; antigenicity; candidates; cell; central; class; cleavage; closed; complex; conformation; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; d614; design; development; domain; ectodomain; entry; env; epitope; figure; functional; fusion; glycan; glycoprotein; glycosylation; golgi; helix; high; host; hr1; human; immune; immunity; immunogen; immunogenicity; infection; infectivity; interactions; intermediate; length; like; mature; membrane; mers; neutralization; neutralizing; open; peptide; postfusion; potent; potential; prefusion; protein; rbd; receptor; recombinant; residues; respiratory; responses; rna; s protein; sars; sense; sequence; severe; single; site; spike; spike protein; state; structure; subunit; surface; syndrome; target; targeting; terminal; trimer; trimeric; vaccine; viral; virions; viruses
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- cord-328175-4i3cz20j
- author: van Doremalen, Neeltje
- title: Efficacy of antibody-based therapies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in common marmosets
- date: 2017-07-31
- words: 5151
- flesch: 44
- summary: Convalescent plasma has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) as a potential treatment against MERS-CoV to reduce clinical consequences of MERS-CoV infection (2013 , WHO, 2014 and recently a study protocol was developed to investigate the feasibility of convalescent plasma treatment in MERS patients (Arabi et al., 2015) . Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection resulted in reduced mortality and respiratory tract viral load (Hung et al., 2011) .
- keywords: administration; animals; antibodies; antibody; cells; clinical; common; control; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; detection; differences; disease; dmem; dpi; east; efficacy; et al; falzarano; fig; gross; group; high; human; hyperimmune; infection; influenza; inoculation; load; lower; lung; m336; mab; mabs; marmosets; mers; middle; minute; model; monoclonal; mouse; neutralizing; observed; pathology; patients; plasma; potential; pulmonary; reduction; respiratory; rna; samples; serum; severe; severity; significant; study; syndrome; tcid; tissue; titer; tract; treatment; values; viral
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- cord-328289-3h3kmjlz
- author: Iadecola, Costantino
- title: Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system
- date: 2020-08-19
- words: 6543
- flesch: 28
- summary: Furthermore, several autopsy series have revealed a notable lack of immune cell infiltration (Kantonen et al., 2020; Reichard et al., 2020; Solomon et al., 2020) . Consistent with hypoxic brain injury, autopsy studies in COVID-19 have shown neuronal damage in brain regions most vulnerable to hypoxia, including neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum (Kantonen et al., 2020; Reichard et al., 2020; Solomon et al., 2020) .
- keywords: 2020b; abnormalities; ace2; activation; acute; ards; autopsy; bbb; blood; brain; care; case; cells; cerebral; clinical; common; complications; confusion; consequences; coronavirus; covid-19; covid-19 patients; critically; csf; cytokine; damage; data; disease; dysregulation; effects; encephalitis; encephalopathy; endothelial; entry; et al; evidence; expression; failure; features; figure; findings; helms; high; human; hypothalamus; hypoxia; il-6; illness; immune; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; injury; invasion; involvement; kantonen; key; levels; long; loss; macrophages; manifestations; mao; mechanisms; mental; nervous; neurological; neuronal; neurons; olfactory; organs; patients; peripheral; potential; protein; receptors; release; reported; respiratory; response; risk; rna; sars; severe; severity; significant; smell; solomon; state; status; stroke; studies; study; syndrome; system; systemic; term; therapeutic; types; vascular; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-328361-hyrke6j2
- author: Ithete, Ndapewa Laudika
- title: Close Relative of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bat, South Africa
- date: 2013-10-17
- words: 1196
- flesch: 41
- summary: Significantly more bacteremia E. coli isolates than urine E. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (25.7% Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Circulation of group 2 coronaviruses in a bat species common to urban areas in Western Europe Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012-related viruses in bats, Ghana and Europe Coronaviruses in South African bats Genomic characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in European bats and classification of coronaviruses based on partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences Comparative analysis of twelve genomes of three novel group 2c and group 2d coronaviruses reveals unique group and subgroup features Detection of alpha and betacoronaviruses in multiple Iberian bat species Group C betacoronavirus in bat guano fertilizer Coronaviruses in bats from Mexico Complete genome analysis of 33 ecologically and biologically diverse Rift Valley fever virus strains reveals widespread virus movement and low genetic diversity due to recent common ancestry We thank Tobias Bleicker, Sebastian Brünink, and Monika Eschbach-Bludau for technical assistance; Thomas Seifert, Sonja Matthee, and Conrad Mathee for invaluable help; and Anna-Marie Corman for assistance with geographic information processing. The smaller 152to 396-nt RdRp fragments of 2c bat CoVs from a Hypsugo savii bat in Spain (7), bat guano in Thailand (8), and a Nyctinomops bat in Mexico (9) showed no or only partial overlap with the 816-nt fragment generated in this study; thus, a direct comparison could not be done.
- keywords: africa; appendix; bacteremia; bat; bats; coli; coronavirus; cov; covs; fragment; gene; group; isolates; mers; pcr; pml/2011; rdrp; related; respiratory; rna; sequence; south; syndrome; technical
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- cord-328395-2cakgmsj
- author: Oxford, Alexandra E.
- title: Endothelial Cell Contributions to COVID-19
- date: 2020-09-25
- words: 6719
- flesch: 35
- summary: In addition, endothelial cell infection promotes the formation of thrombus associated with an elevated neutrophil count This review will focus on the concept of endothelial cell infection and dysfunction as an active driver of COVID-19, which begins as a respiratory illness, with vascular pathology contributing significantly to the most negative patient outcomes.
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; additional; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; associated; binding; blood; cell; clinical; clotting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; days; direct; disease; effective; effects; enac; endothelial; endothelial cell; entry; epithelial; extracellular; extravascular; factors; following; function; host; human; il-1β; immune; important; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; initial; innate; lung; mechanisms; membrane; mers; molecular; mortality; nets; neutrophil; outcome; pathogenesis; pathology; patients; phase; potential; present; protease; protein; pulmonary; receptor; related; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; response; result; review; rna; role; sars; serine; serum; severe; significant; similar; spike; stage; storm; study; subsequent; symptoms; syndrome; systemic; targets; therapeutic; tissue; tmprss2; transdifferentiation; treatment; trial; type; understanding; vascular; vesicle; viral; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-328996-3sf2i45r
- author: Barthélémy, Romain
- title: Efficacy of Almitrine in The Treatment of Hypoxemia in Sars-Cov-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- date: 2020-06-06
- words: 1162
- flesch: 50
- summary: Altogether, we believe that almitrine should be evaluated in clinical trials 89 aiming at improving patient centered outcome for Covid-19 patients. 23 Inclusion criteria in the study were: admission for respiratory failure, a diagnosis of ARDS 24 according to Berlin criteria 8 , laboratory confirmed Sars-Cov-2 infection, almitrine infusion in 25 ICU.
- keywords: acute; almitrine; ards; associated; board; covid-19; data; distress; failure; hypoxemia; improvement; intrapulmonary; pao; patients; pressure; ratio; respiratory; sars; shunt; study; syndrome; treatment
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-329010-n0mz098o
- author: McKee, Dwight L.
- title: Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
- date: 2020-04-29
- words: 5211
- flesch: 32
- summary: V. Effects on the pancreatic enzymes and experimental acute pancreatitis in rats Plasma collection using nafamostat mesilate and dipyridamole as an anticoagulant Continuous regional arterial infusion versus intravenous administration of the protease inhibitor nafamostat mesilate for predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 2 trial Identification of nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the split-protein-based cell-cell fusion assay Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronoavirus Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2 ACEH/ACE2 is a novel mammalian metallocarboxypeptidase and a homologue of angiotensin-converting enzyme insensitive to ACE inhibitors, Can Hydroxychloroquine: from malaria to autoimmunity New insights into the antiviral effects of chloroquine Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) At day 21, SARS patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir had a milder disease course in terms of diarrhea, recurrence of fever, worsening of chest radiographs and reduction of viral load, compared to a historical control group [95] .
- keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; angiotensin; antiviral; arbidol; associated; broad; camostat; candidate; cell; china; chloroquine; chronic; clinical; combination; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; daily; days; dependent; disease; dose; drugs; ebola; effects; efficacy; entry; enzyme; favipiravir; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; inflammasome; inhibitor; inhibits; lopinavir; lung; mechanisms; mers; mesilate; nafamostat; nlrp3; novel; number; oral; pancreatitis; patients; phosphate; pneumonia; polymerase; potent; protease; protein; randomized; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; results; ritonavir; rna; sars; serine; severe; spectrum; structure; study; syndrome; therapeutic; tmprss2; treatment; trial; vero; viral; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-329011-spiuqngp
- author: Huang, Yuan
- title: Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19
- date: 2020-08-03
- words: 6074
- flesch: 45
- summary: In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 S CTD binding interface has more residues that directly interact with the receptor ACE2 than does SARS-RBD (21 versus 17), and a larger surface area is buried with SARS-CoV-2 S CTD in complex with ACE2 than with SARS S RBD. The coronavirus spike protein is a class I virus fusion protein: structural and functional characterization of the fusion core complex Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein Coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism offers a potential target for antiviral development Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein TMPRSS2 activates the human coronavirus 229E for cathepsin-independent host cell entry and is expressed in viral target cells in the respiratory epithelium SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Cleavage of spike protein of SARS coronavirus by protease factor Xa is associated with viral infectivity Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2 Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike Physiological and molecular triggers for SARS-CoV membrane fusion and entry into host cells Heptad repeat sequences are located adjacent to hydrophobic regions in several types of virus fusion glycoproteins Preliminary bioinformatics studies on the design of a synthetic vaccine and a preventative peptidomimetic antagonist against the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) coronavirus Peptide-based membrane fusion inhibitors targeting HCoV-229E spike protein HR1 and HR2 domains Bat-to-human: spike features determining 'host jump' of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and beyond Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors
- keywords: ace2; addition; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; binding; binds; cell; cleavage; conformation; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; ctd; development; disease; domain; drug; entry; essential; fig; form; functional; furin; fusion; glycoprotein; host; hr1; hr2; human; important; infection; influenza; inhibitor; interaction; key; like; mabs; membrane; mers; ncov; neutralizing; novel; peptide; potential; protease; protein; pseudovirus; rbd; receptor; recognition; region; research; residues; respiratory; rna; role; s protein; sars; sequence; severe; similar; site; specific; spike; structural; subunit; surface; targeting; therapeutic; tmprss2; vaccine; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-329190-kv9n2qj3
- author: Rabaan, Ali A.
- title: A review of candidate therapies for Middle East respiratory syndrome from a molecular perspective
- date: 2017-09-01
- words: 8912
- flesch: 43
- summary: www.inovio.com/products/ infectious-disease-vaccines/mers A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates MERS-CoV vaccine candidates in development: the current landscape Delayed induction of proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of innate antiviral response by the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: implications for pathogenesis and treatment Toll-Like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-a treatment Inhibition of novel b coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-a2b and ribavirin Treatment with interferon-a2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques Bioinformatics analysis on molecular mechanism of Ribavirin and interferon-a in treating MERS-CoV Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-b1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset Middle Eastern Respiratory syndrome Corona virus (MERS CoV): case reports from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation The spike protein of the emerging betacoronavirus EMC uses a novel coronavirus receptor for entry, can be activated by TMPRSS2, and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein The heptad repeat region is a major selection target in MERS-CoV and related coronaviruses Identification of nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the split-protein-based cell-cell fusion assay Glycopeptide antibiotics potently inhibit cathepsin L in the late endosome/lysosome and block the entry of Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Crystal structure of the papain-like protease of MERS coronavirus reveals unusual, potentially druggable active-site features Proteolytic processing, deubiquitinase and interferon antagonist activities of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease Inhibitor recognition specificity of MERS-CoV papain-like protease may differ from that of SARS-CoV X-ray Structure and Enzymatic Activity Profile of a Core Papain-like Protease of MERS Coronavirus with utility for structure-based drug design Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture Towards improving clinical management of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Cross host transmission in the emergence of MERS coronavirus Rooting the phylogenetic tree of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African bat Close relative of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bat MERS-Coronavirus molecular epidemiology and genetic analysis -Origin and evolution MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics Evolutionary dynamics of MERS-CoV: potential recombination, positive selection and transmission MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals Host species restriction of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Adenosine deaminase acts as a natural antagonist for dipeptidyl peptidase 4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Glycosylation of mouse DPP4 plays a role in inhibiting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry Critical assessment of the important residues involved in the dimerization and catalysis of MERS Coronavirus Main protease Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a, ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF4b protein inhibits type I interferon production through both cytoplasmic and nuclear targets Productive replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells modulates innate immune response High secretion of interferons by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells upon recognition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus efficiently infects human primary T lymphocytes and activates the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways Adjunctive therapies and immunomodulating agents for severe influenza Hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin treatment: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial for patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis SARS: systematic review of treatment effects Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Treatment strategies for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Clinical and laboratory findings of the first imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus to the United States Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV A conformationdependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies Passive transfer of A Germline-like neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects transgenic mice against Lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Prophylaxis with a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-Specific human monoclonal antibody protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein Structural basis for the neutralization of MERS-CoV by a human monoclonal antibody MERS-27 A humanized neutralizing antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein Single-dose treatment with a humanized neutralizing antibody affords full protection of a human transgenic mouse model from lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection Rapid generation of a human monoclonal antibody to combat Middle East respiratory syndrome 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 Inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection by anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeatderived peptides Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor against MERS-CoV infection A truncated receptorbinding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines Intranasal vaccination with recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein induces much stronger local mucosal immune responses than subcutaneous immunization: implication for designing novel mucosal MERS vaccines Receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against MERS-CoV Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Recombinant receptor-binding domains of multiple Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (MERS-CoVs) induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against divergent human and camel MERS-CoVs and antibody escape mutants Purified coronavirus spike protein nanoparticles induce coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in mice Toward developing a preventive MERS-CoV Vaccine-Report from a workshop organized by the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health and the International Vaccine Institute Protective efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara delivering Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein Systemic and mucosal immunity in mice elicited by a single immunization with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector-based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus A highly immunogenic and protective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a recombinant measles virus vaccine platform An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels GLS-5300 SynCon® immunotherapy targeting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.
- keywords: a2b; activity; acute; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; arabia; available; binding; camels; candidate; case; cell; clinical; combination; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; development; disease; domain; dpp4; drugs; east; east respiratory; effective; efficacy; entry; example; fig; fusion; high; hospital; host; hr2; human; ifn; ifns; immune; important; infection; inhibitor; interferon; like; lopinavir; mabs; mers; mice; middle; middle east; model; molecular; monoclonal; mortality; mouse; neutralizing; options; outbreak; patients; peptides; pl(pro; plasma; potential; promising; prophylactic; protease; protective; protein; rate; rbd; receptor; reduction; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; ribavirin; ritonavir; sars; saudi; severe; specific; spike; structure; studies; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; table; targeting; targets; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; tmprss2; transgenic; transmission; treatment; trials; type; use; vaccine; viral; vitro; vivo
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- cord-329493-ueqlhgn0
- author: Stadler, Konrad
- title: SARS — beginning to understand a new virus
- date: 2003
- words: 5153
- flesch: 43
- summary: Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Acute respiratory syndrome in China Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A Nnvel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China SARS in China: tracking the roots of a killer Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore Virus Taxonomy The genome sequence of the SARSassociated coronavirus References 17 and 18 are the first reports of the complete genome sequences of two SARS-CoV isolates (TOR2 and Urbani strains, respectively) The complete genome sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain HKU-39849 (HK-39) Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression The complete genome sequence of a SARS-CoV isolate (FRA) and experimental data on its key RNA elements and protein functions are described. Their efficacy still needs to be shown, but our laboratory (and possibly others) are in the process of testing vaccines on the basis of inactivated SARS virus in pre-clinical models.
- keywords: acid; acute; amino; analysis; authors; available; cases; cell; china; chinese; cleavage; clinical; conserved; coronavirus; cov; cysteine; development; disease; domain; effective; end; envelope; epidemic; february; fig; fra; fusion; genes; genome; genomic; glycoprotein; group; hepatitis; high; hong; host; human; infectious; information; isolates; kong; leader; like; likely; membrane; mouse; new; non; nucleocapsid; number; orf1b; organization; outbreak; patients; population; positive; potential; protein; receptor; replication; respiratory; rna; sars; sequence; severe; species; spike; spike protein; spread; strain; structural; syndrome; targets; transcription; vaccines; viral; virus; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-330343-p7a8chn4
- author: Kelly-Cirino, Cassandra
- title: An updated roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: focus on diagnostics
- date: 2019-02-01
- words: 5814
- flesch: 26
- summary: WHO MERS-COV R&D Blueprint Plan of Action R&D Blueprint for action to prevent epidemics Progress on the global response, remaining challenges and the way forward Evidence for camel-tohuman transmission of MERS coronavirus Human-dromedary camel interactions and the risk of acquiring zoonotic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) origin and animal reservoir Risk factors for MERS coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Burkina Faso Cross-sectional surveillance of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels and other mammals in Egypt MERS coronaviruses in dromedary camels Geographic distribution of MERS coronavirus among dromedary camels Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) serology in major livestock species in an affected region in Jordan Absence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Camelids Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels Serological Evidence of MERS-CoV Antibodies in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Laikipia County Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia Lack of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from infected camels MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia Cross-sectional study of MERS-CoV-specific RNA and antibodies in animals that have had contact with MERS patients in Saudi Arabia Human infection with MERS coronavirus after exposure to infected camels, Saudi Arabia Dromedary camels in northern Mali have high seropositivity to MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Nigeria Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels Serologic Evidence for MERS-CoV Infection in Dromedary Camels Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation MERS-CoV situation update, Map 1. MERS-CoV livestock field surveys by country Epidemiological investigation of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camel farms linked with human infection in Abu Dhabi Emirate Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody reactors among camels in Dubai Identification of diverse viruses in upper respiratory samples in dromedary camels from United Arab Emirates MERS CoV: OIE -World organisation for animal health Occupational exposure to dromedaries and risk for MERS-CoV Infection Risk Factors for Primary Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in Camel Workers in Qatar During 2013-2014: A Case-Control Study Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) | Symptoms & Complications | CDC Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease in children Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is rare in children: An update from Saudi Arabia Transmission of MERScoronavirus in household contacts Hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description The Role of Super-Spreaders in Infectious Disease Super-spreading events of MERS-CoV infection MERS-CoV outbreak following a single patient exposure in an emergency room in South Korea: an epidemiological outbreak study Development of Medical Countermeasures to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus WHO | Infection prevention and control (IPC) guidance summary. WHO MERS-COV Lab Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Performance and clinical validation of the RealStar MERS-CoV Kit for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay panel for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Development of dual taqman based one-step rrt-pcr assay panel for rapid and accurate diagnostic test of MERS-CoV: a novel human coronavirus, ahead of hajj pilgrimage Development and validation of a rapid immunochromatographic assay for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antigen in dromedary camels An isothermal, label-free, and rapid one-step RNA amplification/detection assay for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections Comparison of ePlex respiratory pathogen panel with laboratory-developed real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory pathogens Clinical validation of 3 commercial real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from upper respiratory tract specimens A sensitive and specific antigen detection assay for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus A highly specific rapid antigen detection assay for on-site diagnosis of MERS Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt Seroepidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in Saudi Arabia (1993) and Australia (2014) and characterisation of assay specificity Lateral flow assays Development of monoclonal antibody and diagnostic test for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus using cell-free synthesized nucleocapsid antigen Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus and dromedaries Identification of Mycoplasma suis antigens and development of a multiplex microbead immunoassay Serosurveillance of viral pathogens circulating in West Africa Two-tube multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCR to detect six human coronaviruses A multiplex liquid-chip assay based on Luminex xMAP technology for simultaneous detection of six common respiratory viruses Surveillance and testing for middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus Using Healthmap to analyse Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) data Progress in promoting data sharing in public health emergencies WHO | Influenza surveillance outputs Data sharing: make outbreak research open access The weapon potential of a microbe Biological agents: weapons of warfare and bioterrorism Explanation of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing and its implication for microbiology Global scientific research commons under the Nagoya Protocol:
- keywords: animal; antibodies; antibody; arabia; assay; assessment; available; camels; care; cases; challenges; clinical; commercial; control; coronavirus; cost; cov; data; detection; development; diagnostic; diseases; dromedary; early; east; east respiratory; effective; global; health; high; human; implementation; infection; international; kinetics; laboratory; load; lower; management; mers; middle; middle east; mild; molecular; multiplex; naat; near; order; outbreak; panels; pathogens; pcr; performance; poc; point; product; quality; r&d; rapid; rdts; reference; research; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; risk; sample; sampling; saudi; sensitivity; serological; settings; severe; specific; specimens; standards; study; support; surveillance; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; testing; tests; time; transmission; understanding; upper; use; vaccine; validation; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-330597-nftwj0d5
- author: Hopfer, Helmut
- title: Hunting coronavirus by transmission electron microscopy – a guide to SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated ultrastructural pathology in COVID‐19 tissues
- date: 2020-09-27
- words: 4639
- flesch: 41
- summary: All rights reserved SARS-CoV-2 Virus Culture and Subgenomic RNA for Respiratory Specimens from Patients with Mild Coronavirus Disease Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States Culture-Based Virus Isolation To Evaluate Potential Infectivity of Clinical Specimens Tested for COVID-19 Detection and Isolation of SARS-CoV-2 in Serum, Urine, and Stool Specimens of COVID-19 Patients from the Republic of Korea Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival secretions from patients without ocular symptoms Molecular Biology Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China Proliferative growth of SARS coronavirus in How COVID-19 spreads Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Community-Acquired Respiratory Viruses in Transplant Patients: Diversity, Impact, Unmet Clinical Needs SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes Accepted Article
- keywords: ace2; article; autopsy; case; cell; changes; china; clathrin; clinical; coated; context; copyright; coronavirus; covid-19; cross; cultures; cytoplasm; detection; difficult; direct; disease; electron; evidence; figure; findings; human; immune; infected; infection; inside; kidney; liver; membrane; microscopy; morphological; novel; nucleocapsid; organs; outside; particles; pathogenesis; pathology; patients; placenta; proteins; pulmonary; replication; reserved; respiratory; ribosomes; rights; rna; sars; sections; severe; structures; subcellular; techniques; tem; tissues; tract; transmission; ultrastructural; upper; vesicles; viral; virions; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-331039-qgom2e3n
- author: Kavitha, Kuppuswamy
- title: 1,2,4 triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-7-ones as novel SARS-CoV-2 Main protease inhibitors: In silico screening and molecular dynamics simulation of potential COVID-19 drug candidates
- date: 2020-09-22
- words: 4977
- flesch: 48
- summary: Furthermore, the time-dependent RMSD values of atoms in the unliganded SARS-CoV-2-M pro , SARS-CoV-2-M pro -Lead1 complex, SARS-CoV-2-M pro -Lead2 complex, SARS-CoV-2-M pro -Lead3 complex, SARS-CoV-2 M pro -Lopinavir and SARS-CoV-2 M pro -Nelfinavir complexes were plotted (Fig-4A) . This study screened 1000 proteaseinhibitor-like molecules against SARS-CoV-2-M pro and proposes lead compounds viz., Lead1 -2-amino-5-{[(5R)-5-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl]methyl}-1H,7H-
- keywords: 6lu7; absorption; acids; active; affinity; alignment; amino; analysis; anti; antiviral; binding; bonds; complexes; compounds; controls; coronavirus; cov-2; covalent; covid-19; cys145; discovery; docking; drug; dynamics; energies; energy; evolutionary; good; high; his41; hydrogen; inhibitors; interactions; kcal; lead1; library; ligand; like; lopinavir; m pro; main; mean; medicinal; mol; molecular; molecules; nelfinavir; non; novel; pdb; positive; potential; pro; properties; protease; protein; residues; sars; screening; sequence; silico; simulation; site; stable; structure; studies; study; target; toxicity; treatment; values; viz; zinc000621278586; zinc000621285995
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-331094-22366b81
- author: Ianevski, Aleksandr
- title: Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
- date: 2020-06-13
- words: 6839
- flesch: 43
- summary: The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma The Roles of Host and Viral Antibody Fc Receptors in Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infections and Immunity Fc-Mediated Antibody Effector Functions During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Disease A Role for Fc Function in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Protection against Ebola Virus Discovery and development of safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a novel source of neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) that migrate and integrate in the rodent spinal cord (BOMB): Open platform for high-throughput nucleic acid extraction and manipulation Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Antiviral Properties of Chemical Inhibitors of Cellular Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide, and gemcitabine inhibit influenza a virus infection Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide and gemcitabine inhibit Zika virus infection in vitro and differentially affect cellular signaling, transcription and metabolism Expanding the activity spectrum of antiviral agents SynergyFinder 2.0: Visual analytics of multi-drug combination synergies DrugCentral 2018: These results are consistent with previous studies showing that physical factors destabilize SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses [39] [40] [41] [42] .
- keywords: activity; agents; amodiaquine; analysis; antiviral; assay; auc; available; broad; bsaas; capacity; cells; celltiter; clinical; collection; combination; compounds; concentrations; control; convalescent; coronavirus; correlation; cov-2; covid-19; data; death; development; different; dmem; dose; drug; e6 cells; e9/2020; effective; efficacy; elisa; emetine; figure; glo; half; hcov-19; homoharringtonine; human; igg; igm; infected; infection; influenza; inhibits; maximal; medium; mock; moi; nelfinavir; neutralization; norway; novel; obatoclax; options; package; patients; potential; protein; qpcr; recovered; remdesivir; replication; repurposing; respiratory; responses; results; rna; safe; salinomycin; samples; sars; sera; serum; spectrum; strains; studies; study; synergistic; synergy; table; test; therapeutic; time; treatment; trials; trondheim; usa; vaccines; vero; version; viability; virus; viruses; website
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- cord-331193-33cyvidx
- author: Mawhinney, Jamie A
- title: Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 presenting with an acute manic episode
- date: 2020-06-14
- words: 2522
- flesch: 45
- summary: Investigations confirmed that he was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Investigations confirmed that he was positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
- keywords: abnormal; acute; admission; assay; available; behaviour; care; case; cerebrospinal; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; csf; day; disease; emergency; episode; features; fluid; history; infection; initial; intensive; mania; mental; negative; neurological; normal; patient; presentations; psychiatric; report; reported; respiratory; sars; sedation; severe; significant; syndrome; system; use; wife
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-331429-mh2hd5fe
- author: Srikantiah, Padmini
- title: SARS Clinical Features, United States, 2003
- date: 2005-01-17
- words: 1949
- flesch: 42
- summary: Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the Greater Toronto Area Outcomes and prognostic factors in 267 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: clinical features of index patient and initial contacts Patient data, early SARS epidemic Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Clinical and laboratory features of severe acute respiratory syndrome vis-a-vis onset of fever SARS surveillance during emergency public health response Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-associated coronavirus A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of SARS patients Severe acute respiratory syndrome: radiographic appearances and pattern of progression in 138 patients Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection The spectrum of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection A clinical prediction rule for diagnosing severe acute respiratory syndrome in the emergency department Combining clinical and epidemiologic features for early recognition of SARS interest is in the epidemiology of HIV and tuberculosis coinfection in the developing world. 331429 cord_uid: mh2hd5fe We compared the clinical features of 8 U.S. case-patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to 65 controls who tested negative for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection.
- keywords: acute; case; chest; clinical; controls; course; cov; days; features; findings; illness; infection; infiltrates; laboratory; likely; median; negative; onset; patients; radiographic; range; respiratory; sars; severe; symptoms; syndrome
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- cord-331472-kd4uxcve
- author: Shahid, Zainab
- title: COVID‐19 and Older Adults: What We Know
- date: 2020-04-20
- words: 2321
- flesch: 44
- summary: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Report sulle caratteristiche dei pazienti deceduti positivi a COVID-19 in Italia Il presente report è basato sui dati aggiornati al 17 Marzo 2020 Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Hypertension prevalence and control among adults: United States Heart Disease, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke-A Public Health Issue Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Adults-United States Identifying and interrupting superspreading eventsimplications for control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread ? More than 80% of deaths among adult patients occurred in those older than age 65.
- keywords: acute; adults; age; cases; cfr; china; chloroquine; chronic; ckd; clinical; comorbidities; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; diabetes; disease; hypertension; infection; mortality; older; origin; outbreak; outcomes; pandemic; patients; pneumonia; prevention; receptor; remdesivir; report; respiratory; risk; sars; severe; states; studies; study; syndrome; treatment; united
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- cord-331856-j0gedx43
- author: Basile, K.
- title: Accuracy amidst ambiguity: false positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests when COVID-19 prevalence is low
- date: 2020-09-30
- words: 1244
- flesch: 32
- summary: key: cord-331856-j0gedx43 authors: Basile, K.; Maddocks, S.; Kok, J.; Dwyer, D.E. title: Accuracy amidst ambiguity: false positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests when COVID-19 prevalence is low date: 2020-09-30 journal: Pathology DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.09.009 sha: doc_id: 331856 cord_uid: j0gedx43 nan In countries with a low prevalence of COVID-19 and a low pre-test probability, confirmation of positive nucleic acid test (NAT) results for SARS-CoV-2 is recommended given the potential for false positive results. When SARS-CoV-2 was detected by in-house or commercial NATs in NSW Health Pathology (NSWHP) laboratories, samples were sent to NSWHP-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, for supplementary testing as part of NSWHP's testing algorithm to minimise false positive results.
- keywords: acid; assays; australia; cov-2; covid-19; different; false; health; infection; laboratories; laboratory; low; nats; nucleic; pandemic; phln; positive; prevalence; public; results; samples; sars; serology; specific; testing
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- cord-332080-923jpec0
- author: Lai, Chih-Cheng
- title: In vitro diagnostics of coronavirus disease 2019: technologies and application
- date: 2020-06-05
- words: 1193
- flesch: 34
- summary: novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins 527 and receptor binding Detection of 529 SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens SARS-CoV-2 532 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients Molecular and 535 serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of 536 multiple shedding routes Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 Presumed asymptomatic 603 carrier transmission of COVID-19 Chest CT for typical 606 2019-nCoV pneumonia: relationship to negative RT-PCR testing COVID-19 and pneumonia returning from Macau in Taiwan: clinical course 610 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG dynamic Dynamics of 617 anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgM and IgG antibodies among COVID-19 patients Four 620 point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays for diagnosis of COVID-19 and 621 for assessing dynamics of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool 627 for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Evaluation of nine commercial SARS-CoV-2 638 immunoassays A case of 645 transient existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract with the 646 absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in 649 clinical samples Washington State 2019-nCoV Case Investigation Team. (Hangzhou Bigfish Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China) was recently registered 127 as a CE-IVD for detecting SARS-CoV-2 ORF-1ab and
- keywords: antibody; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; detection; diagnosis; disease; genes; igg; lod; nasopharyngeal; patients; pcr; respiratory; results; rna; samples; sars; serological; swabs; testing; tests; viral
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- cord-332448-5fz8ef4f
- author: Mutnal, M. B.
- title: Early trends for SARS-CoV-2 infection in central and north Texas and impact on other circulating respiratory viruses
- date: 2020-05-02
- words: 2584
- flesch: 48
- summary: Study 118 includes data for SARS-CoV-2 testing from these two regions and seasonal respiratory virus testing data is 119 limited to central Texas region. We searched for 222 262 patient records that had concurrent testing requests for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory virus 223 infections.
- keywords: assay; author; bswh; copyright; cov-2; data; epidemiological; funder; health; holder; infections; laboratory; license; luminex; medrxiv; officials; outbreak; pandemic; patients; peer; peer review; perpetuity; preprint; public; respiratory; review; sars; study; testing; texas; time; version; virus; viruses
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- cord-332595-874tpi09
- author: Salehi, Najmeh
- title: Profiling of Initial Available SARS-CoV-2 Sequences from Iranian Related COVID-19 Patients
- date: 2020-09-08
- words: 1803
- flesch: 50
- summary: The bioinformatics analysis showed 44 different nucleotide mutations that caused 26 nonsynonymous mutations in protein sequences with regard to the reference full genome of the SARS-CoV-2 sequence (NC_045512.2). As it can be seen in the Table S1 , these sequences totally revealed 44 different nucleotide mutations that have made 26 nonsynonymous mutations in protein sequences (Table.
- keywords: ace2; available; binding; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; database; entropy; figure; genome; iranian; mutations; nucleotide; orf1ab; outbreak; patients; protein; receptor; related; respiratory; results; sars; sequences; tests; world
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- cord-332723-rz1iilsv
- author: Creager, Hannah M.
- title: Clinical evaluation of the BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 and detection of SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-07-06
- words: 1479
- flesch: 40
- summary: key: cord-332723-rz1iilsv authors: Creager, Hannah M.; Cabrera, Barbara; Schnaubelt, Andy; Cox, Jesse L.; Cushman-Vokoun, Allison M.; Shakir, Salika M.; Tardif, Keith D.; Huang, Meei-Li; Jerome, Keith R.; Greninger, Alexander L.; Drobysheva, Daria; Spaulding, Usha; Rogatcheva, Margarita; Bourzac, Kevin M.; Hinrichs, S.H.; Broadhurst, M.J.; Fey, P.D. title: Clinical evaluation of the BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 and detection of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-07-06 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104538 sha: doc_id: 332723 cord_uid: rz1iilsv We evaluated the performance of the BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) in the detection of SARS CoV-2 in comparison against three other SARS CoV-2 EUA assays. Since 30% of nasopharyngeal swab specimens have a SARS CoV-2 Ct >30 and thus detection of virus in low titers is clinically relevant, a sample with a high titer was diluted and each 10 fold dilution was tested in triplicate and compared against 6 other EUA approved SARS CoV-2 assays.
- keywords: assay; biofire; cobas; comparison; cov-2; detection; dilution; eua; high; instructions; laboratories; laboratory; nasopharyngeal; negative; panel; panther; positive; rna; roche; rp2.1; sample; sars; specimens; swab; table; testing; use
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- cord-332778-rf47ptj6
- author: Vivarelli, Silvia
- title: Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial?
- date: 2020-08-10
- words: 7465
- flesch: 40
- summary: key: cord-332778-rf47ptj6 authors: Vivarelli, Silvia; Falzone, Luca; Grillo, Caterina Maria; Scandurra, Giuseppa; Torino, Francesco; Libra, Massimo title: Cancer Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Based Immunotherapy Harmful or Beneficial? date: 2020-08-10 journal: Cancers (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082237 sha: doc_id: 332778 cord_uid: rf47ptj6 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently representing a global health threat especially for fragile individuals, such as cancer patients. It was demonstrated that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing a worse symptomatology upon severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, often leading to hospitalization and intensive care.
- keywords: acute; affected; age; analysis; anti; ards; association; authors; cancer; cancer patients; care; case; cd8; cells; cellular; checkpoint; chemotherapy; clinical; comorbidities; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 pandemic; covid-19 patients; critical; data; death; disease; exhaustion; fact; general; higher; hospital; icis; immune; immunotherapy; incidence; infected; infection; inhibitors; lung; main; mortality; non; number; oncologists; oncology; outcomes; overall; pandemic; particular; patients; pd-1; pneumonitis; positive; possible; rate; reported; response; review; risk; sars; sepsis; severe; standard; studies; study; subjects; system; therapy; treatment; viral; virus
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- cord-332948-h297ukuu
- author: Olotu, Fisayo A.
- title: Leaving no stone unturned: Allosteric targeting of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein at putative druggable sites disrupts human angiotensin-converting enzyme interactions at the receptor binding domain.
- date: 2020-10-16
- words: 5186
- flesch: 42
- summary: Assessment of Binding Site Prediction Methods and a Protocol for Validation of Predicted Binding Sites Identifying and characterizing binding sites and assessing druggability Fpocket: An open source platform for ligand pocket detection PrankWeb: a web server for ligand binding site prediction and visualization New method for fast and accurate binding-site identification and analysis Therapeutic target-site variability in α 1-antitrypsin characterized at high J o u r n a l P r e The N protein makes up the nucleocapsid and other viral genome-related processes 21 while the M protein is the most abundant of the four, playing major roles in maintaining viral structural integrity as well as coordinating other structural proteins.
- keywords: acute; addition; affinity; allosteric; analysis; approach; associated; authors; binding; calculations; cell; complex; compounds; conformational; consent; coronavirus; cov; covid-19; covs; domain; druggable; drugs; dynamics; effects; energies; energy; entry; essential; fda; figure; fusion; hace2; high; host; human; identification; inhibitors; interactions; interface; j o; large; ligand; manuscript; molecular; novel; peptide; pockets; potential; prefusion; protein; r n; rbd; receptor; replication; residues; respiratory; sars; screening; severe; sites; spike; structural; study; surface; syndrome; systems; table; targeting; terminal; unbound; viral; zinc27990463; zinc3939013
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- cord-332992-8rmqg4rf
- author: de Vries, A. A. F.
- title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists
- date: 2020-07-15
- words: 9215
- flesch: 31
- summary: Front Public Health Trained immunity: a tool for reducing susceptibility to and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection Complement as a target in COVID-19? COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy Immune-inflammatoryparameters in COVID-19 cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis AntibodyresponsestoSARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 IgA-Ab response to spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19: a longitudinal study Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals Diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2: a narrative review Towards effective diagnostic assays for COVID-19: a review Coronavirus pandemic-therapy and vaccines Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: lessons from other coronavirus strains AreviewofSARS-CoV-2 and the ongoing clinical trials Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization The challenges of vaccine development against a new virus during a pandemic The current and future state of vaccines, antivirals and gene therapies against emerging coronaviruses A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities Renin-angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: efficacy, safety and clinical trials The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): a role for iron homeostasis? Based on previous research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and various animal models of virus-induced acute lung injury as well as haematological and biochemical laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients, the following scenarios can be envisioned [33, 34, 48, 49] .
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; addition; airway; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assays; binding; blood; cardiac; cardiovascular; care; case; cells; china; clinical; common; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; current; days; death; detection; development; different; disease; drugs; early; endothelial; envelope; epithelial; example; factors; failure; fatality; fig; fusion; general; genome; health; heart; high; higher; host; human; igg; igm; illness; immune; immunity; impact; individuals; infected; infection; information; injury; innate; large; levels; like; line; lower; lung; lymphocytes; management; manifestations; material; mechanisms; membrane; mers; mild; mortality; multiple; myocardial; new; non; novel; onset; organ; pandemic; particles; patients; plasma; pneumonia; positive; possible; potential; production; protease; protein; qpcr; rate; recent; receptor; related; replication; respiratory; response; review; risk; rna; role; samples; sars; severe; severity; small; specific; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; testing; tests; therapy; time; tract; transmission; treatment; type; upper; vaccines; viral; virus; viruses; weeks; wuhan
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- cord-333326-n9ifhw5s
- author: Wardell, Hanna
- title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Febrile Neonates
- date: 2020-07-09
- words: 2928
- flesch: 41
- summary: Coronavirus disease 2019 in children-United States Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units Children with Covid-19 in pediatric emergency departments in Italy Late-onset neonatal sepsis in a patient with Covid-19 SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress Novel coronavirus in a 15-day-old neonate with clinical signs of sepsis, a case report Novel coronavirus infection in febrile infants aged 60 days and younger SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old Risk of serious bacterial infection in young febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infections Serious bacterial infections in febrile infants 1 to 90 days old with and without viral infections Indeed, the incidence of transmission through familial exposure in pediatric COVID-19 infections has been estimated between 45% and 91% [3, 5, 7] .
- keywords: acute; blood; cardiac; children; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; day; days; dimer; elevated; evaluation; febrile; fever; heart; home; hospital; hospitalization; hours; infants; infection; laboratory; mild; neonatal; neonates; normal; old; outcomes; oxygen; patient; pcr; pediatric; positive; rate; respiratory; risk; sars; sepsis; severe; significant; signs; supplemental; symptoms; term; testing; therapy; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-333498-d25qfq0f
- author: Chitranshi, Nitin
- title: Evolving geographic diversity in SARS-CoV2 and in silico analysis of replicating enzyme 3CL(pro) targeting repurposed drug candidates
- date: 2020-07-09
- words: 6006
- flesch: 41
- summary: SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single stranded RNA pathogen which is characterised by a high mutation rate. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 From SARS coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses An overview of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CL protease inhibitors: peptidomimetics and small molecule chemotherapy Can the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affect the eyes?
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; acid; acute; african; alignment; alpha; american; amino; analysis; anti; antiviral; associated; bat; binding; catalytic; collected; coronavirus; cov-2; crystal; cys145; cysteine; data; database; different; disease; docking; drugs; energy; enzyme; fig; gene; genome; gisaid; global; high; his41; host; https; human; hydrogen; identity; infected; infection; inhibitors; interactions; kcal; ketoamide; known; life; like; lopinavir; main; malarial; molecular; multiple; mutations; ncovid-19; new; novel; nucleotide; o6k; outbreak; pandemic; pangolin; patients; pdb; present; pro; protease; protein; receptor; regions; residues; respiratory; ritonavir; rna; sars; sequences; severe; similarity; site; software; south; structure; studies; study; substrate; syndrome; table; tree; viral; vitamin; world; wuhan
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- cord-333547-88dkh6xd
- author: Hasan, Shadi W.
- title: Detection and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Treated Effluents: Surveillance of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United Arab Emirates
- date: 2020-10-19
- words: 3982
- flesch: 41
- summary: Different methods for wastewater virus concentration have been adopted by different groups around the world It was also observed that the precautionary measures implemented by the UAE government correlated with a drop in the measured viral load in wastewater samples, which were in line with the reduction of COVID-19 cases reported in the population.
- keywords: asymptomatic; cases; concentration; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; different; early; epidemiology; extraction; future; gene; individuals; infected; infection; influents; kit; load; measurements; method; monitoring; number; order; outbreak; patients; peg; population; potential; prevalence; region; rna; samples; sars; stool; studies; study; surveillance; testing; transmission; treatment; trizol; uae; ultrafiltration; untreated; viral; virus; viruses; wastewater; wwtps
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- cord-333682-ktbnrkwh
- author: Dong, Yunzhu
- title: Antibodies in the breast milk of a maternal woman with COVID-19
- date: 2020-07-03
- words: 1336
- flesch: 49
- summary: Infants incapable of producing immunoglobulins are protected by maternal antibodies for up to 12 months after birth [10] , however, our follow-up identified that IgG to SARS-CoV-2 in the neonate maintained less than one and half month, suggesting the potential risk for subsequent COVID- Titers of IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 in the maternal woman's serums determined using ELISA. The titers of IgG antibody in breast milk were 2.34, 3.02, 2.84, 2.79, and 3.35, respectively, when three SARS-CoV-2 negative maternal woman's breast milk were tested as control (mean titer 0.98) (Figure 1, panel D) .
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; birth; breast; china; cov-2; covid-19; data; figure; iga; igg; maternal; mean; milk; mother; negative; neonate; panel; potential; sars; serum; titers; transmission; woman
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-333703-1ku3jc9s
- author: Kraus, Aurora
- title: A zebrafish model for COVID-19 recapitulates olfactory and cardiovascular pathophysiologies caused by SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-11-08
- words: 8459
- flesch: 39
- summary: 521 Interestingly, we did not observe any changes in ace2 expression after 3h immersion with SARS-522 CoV-2 S RBD protein. 300 There are copious amounts of immune cells in the teleost olfactory organ ( Intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 S RBD induces inflammatory responses and 318 widespread loss of olfactory receptor expression in adult zebrafish olfactory organ 319 320 The cellular landscape of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium was affected by SARS-CoV-2 S 321 RBD treatment and time ( Figure 4A -D).
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; adult; analysis; angiotensin; animals; anosmia; antiviral; bile; binding; captopril; cardiac; cardiovascular; cause; cell; changes; chemokine; clinical; clusters; combined; control; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; damage; data; day; days; delivery; development; different; differentiation; disease; dpf; dpi; drugs; effects; endothelial; enzyme; epithelium; et al; experiments; exposed; exposure; expression; figure; food; function; gene; heart; host; human; immune; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; intranasal; kidney; larvae; levels; loss; low; markers; mice; mild; min; model; naris; neuronal; numbers; olfactory; organ; osns; patients; post; potential; present; protein; rapid; rbd; rbd protein; receptor; recombinant; reduction; regulation; renal; replication; responses; results; rna; s rbd; sars; sensory; severe; significant; single; smell; spike; studies; study; sufficient; symptoms; system; teleost; time; transcriptional; treatment; type; vehicle; vertebrates; viral; virus; water; wildtype; zebrafish; zebrafish larvae
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- cord-334220-sqvfr31q
- author: Messina, Francesco
- title: Looking for pathways related to COVID-19 phenotypes: Confirmation of pathogenic mechanisms by SARS-CoV-2 - Host interactome
- date: 2020-11-03
- words: 4228
- flesch: 28
- summary: We provide a network analysis on protein–protein interactions (PPI) between viral and host proteins to better identify host biological responses, induced by both whole proteome of SARS-CoV-2 and specific viral proteins. The ubiquitin proteasome system deletes viral proteins to control the infection, but the virus can use them for its propagation (34) .
- keywords: activation; algorithm; analysis; approach; better; biological; bradykinin; cell; clinical; closest; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; database; different; disease; enrichment; figure; gene; host; human; induced; infection; inflammatory; injury; interactions; interactome; kegg; level; mechanisms; membrane; model; myocardial; network; nodes; ns7b; orf3a; orf8; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathways; patients; phenotypes; possible; ppi; proteins; proteome; replication; response; risk; rna; role; rwr; sars; seed; severe; single; specific; storm; study; values; viral; viral proteins; virus; wikipathways
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-334313-v2syspu6
- author: Long, S. Wesley
- title: Molecular Architecture of Early Dissemination and Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Metropolitan Houston, Texas
- date: 2020-05-03
- words: 4531
- flesch: 42
- summary: GISAID sequences containing greater than 1% N characters, and Houston sequences with greater than 5% N characters were removed from consideration. Machine learning models were trained to predict patient metadata categories including mortality, length of stay, inpatient versus outpatient status, ICU admission, overall outcome, gender, age, and ethnicity from viral sequence data.
- keywords: acid; amino; amino acid; analysis; area; associated; cases; city; clades; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; different; disease; dissemination; diverse; diversity; early; europe; evidence; fig; genomes; genomic; gisaid; global; health; host; houston; infection; isolates; learning; machine; metropolitan; metropolitan houston; models; molecular; new; nsp12; nucleotide; pandemic; patients; person; population; progeny; protein; rdrp; region; remdesivir; replacements; resistance; rna; sars; selection; sequence; severe; severity; spike; spread; states; strains; structural; texas; transmission; variation; viral; virus; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-334550-xb0alubj
- author: Samaddar, Arghadip
- title: The Enigma of Low COVID-19 Fatality Rate in India
- date: 2020-07-28
- words: 6415
- flesch: 38
- summary: Researchers from Translational Bioinformatics Group at International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India, performed an integrated mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different geographical locations, including India, Italy, United States, Nepal and Wuhan, and observed a novel mutation in S protein (A930V, 24351C>T) of the Indian strain, which was absent in other strains (Sardar et al., 2020) . Genomic sequence data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 has 96.2% sequence homology with a bat coronavirus RaTG13 (Zheng, 2020) , and 91% homology with a pangolin coronavirus (Zhang et al., 2020) .
- keywords: a2a; ace2; activity; acute; analysis; antigen; antiviral; attenuated; bcg; cases; cells; china; clade; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; covid-19; data; deaths; disease; distribution; diversity; et al; expression; factors; fatality; genes; genetic; genomes; genomic; global; groups; health; heritable; high; higher; hla; host; hsa; human; immune; immunity; impact; indian; infection; influences; influenza; july; kir; like; lineage; live; low; lower; major; mirnas; mutations; new; non; novel; number; observed; pandemic; phylogenetic; population; potential; protein; province; rate; recent; receptors; replication; respiratory; response; rna; role; sars; severe; severity; spike; strains; studies; study; susceptibility; syndrome; temperature; transmission; type; unique; united; vaccination; vaccine; variation; viral; virulence; virus; world; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-334564-bqh9jkds
- author: Raony, Ícaro
- title: Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health
- date: 2020-05-27
- words: 9908
- flesch: 27
- summary: Furthermore, higher serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and IFN-γ) and chemokines were found in SARS patients with severe disease, as compared to individuals with uncomplicated SARS (44) (45) (46) . Therefore, it is possible that the increased levels of IL-6 are related to the cognitive impairments observed in SARS patients.
- keywords: ace2; activity; acute; addition; alterations; analysis; anxiety; associated; association; axis; brain; cells; central; changes; clinical; cns; coronavirus; cortex; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; depression; development; disease; disorders; disturbances; effects; evidence; factors; future; health; higher; hpa; human; hyperactivity; hypothalamic; icu; il-6; immune; impact; impairments; important; increased; individuals; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; isolation; levels; living; long; measures; mechanisms; memory; mental; mental health; mers; meta; mice; moderate; negative; nervous; neuroendocrine; neuronal; non; novel; outcomes; pandemic; patients; people; phase; population; possible; potential; pro; psychiatric; psychological; ptsd; quarantine; receptor; related; respiratory; response; review; risk; role; sars; sars patients; schizophrenia; severe; severe acute; social; social isolation; storm; stress; studies; study; support; survivors; symptoms; syndrome; system; systematic; table; term; tnf; transmission; treatment; viral; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-334773-yw2qgv13
- author: Lisco, Giuseppe
- title: Hypothesized mechanisms explaining poor prognosis in type 2 diabetes patients with COVID-19: a review
- date: 2020-08-10
- words: 7912
- flesch: 27
- summary: Unfortunately, inconclusive deductions are currently available for considering concomitant medications favourable (as well as detrimental) factors in COVID-19 patients with T2D. Despite some putative mechanisms have been identified and some speculative hypothesis have also been formulated indicating that some anti-diabetes medications may improve clinical course in COVID-19 (pioglitazone, gliflozins, DPP-IV inhibitors, GLP-1RA), further studies are needed to clarify the issue. Considering that pancreatic islets express ACE 2 , glucose impairment in COVID-19 diabetic patients could be attributable to a partial insulin deficiency
- keywords: ace; ace2; activation; activity; acute; addition; adipose; analysis; angiotensin; animal; attributable; baseline; cardiovascular; care; case; cells; characteristics; china; chronic; clinical; comorbidities; complications; control; coronavirus; course; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; death; diabetes; diabetic; disease; distress; dysfunction; effects; elderly; endothelial; epidemiological; expression; factor; failure; glucose; greater; heart; high; higher; hospitalization; hospitalized; human; hyperglycaemia; hypertension; ill; immune; increase; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; innate; insulin; intensive; kidney; leading; levels; like; low; lower; lung; management; mechanisms; medications; mellitus; mortality; novel; obese; obesity; outcomes; pandemic; patients; people; pneumonia; poor; potential; prevalence; prognosis; progression; pulmonary; rate; receptor; renal; respiratory; response; retrospective; review; risk; role; sars; severe; study; syndrome; system; systemic; t2d; tissue; transmission; treatment; type; use; viral; worse; wuhan
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- cord-334976-53cd16w5
- author: Jo, Seri
- title: Flavonoids with inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
- date: 2020-08-04
- words: 3681
- flesch: 50
- summary: The molecular biology of coronaviruses A human coronavirus responsible for the common cold massively kills dendritic cells but not monocytes SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan Profiling of substrate specificities of 3C-like proteases from group 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 coronaviruses Characterization of SARS main protease and inhibitor assay using a fluorogenic substrate Prediction and biochemical analysis of putative cleavage sites of the 3C-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus The enlarged view represents baicalin in the active site pocket with a semi-transparent view of the molecular surface of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Some flavonoids are known to inhibit 3CLpro from SARS-CoV which causes SARS.
- keywords: 3clpro; active; activity; affinity; antiviral; assay; baicalin; binding; cell; chemical; compounds; concentration; coronavirus; cov-2; culture; different; disease; docking; domain; emission; excitation; fit; flavonoids; fluorescence; herbacetin; identity; inhibitory; intensity; library; ligand; like; min; mode; moiety; molecular; non; pectolinarin; peptide; presence; protease; protein; proteolytic; residues; respiratory; sars; sequence; similar; site; study; substrate; triton; x-100
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- cord-335122-8s3bcyo8
- author: Marshall, Steve
- title: COVID-19: What do we know?
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 5253
- flesch: 28
- summary: arXiv preprintArXiv:2005.13689 Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans Nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses via aerosol-generating medical procedures Comparative dynamic aerosol efficiencies of three emergent coronaviruses and the unusual persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol suspensions (preprint) Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness Respiratory virus RNA is detectable in airborne and droplet particles Viable Influenza A Virus in Airborne Particles Expelled During Coughs versus Exhalations Influenza Other Respir Viruses Modality of human expired aerosol size distributions Short-range airborne route dominates exposure of respiratory infection during close contact Relative contributions of transmission routes for COVID-19 among healthcare professionals providing patient care Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 WHO Scientific Brief: Criteria for releasing COVID-19 patients from isolation Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Spatial and temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients: A systemic review Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States Prolonged virus shedding even after seroconversion in a patient with COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples Viral dynamics in asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2: The viral shedding vs infectivity dilemma. The results of hospital studies evaluating aerosolization of body fluids and respiratory droplets of SARS-CoV-1 infected patients generated during certain medical AGPs (tracheal intubation, non-invasive ventilation, bronchoscopy, etc.), suggest that airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may be possible during these procedures.
- keywords: aerosol; aerosolized; agps; airborne; analysis; asymptomatic; bioaerosol; cdc; clinical; close; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; debonding; dental; disease; droplet; dynamics; efficacy; equipment; evidence; filtration; generating; guidelines; healthcare; high; hospital; infected; infection; influenza; laboratory; load; masks; medical; meta; n95; non; oral; orthodontic; pandemic; particles; particulate; patients; potential; ppe; practice; pre; procedures; protection; reduction; respiratory; review; risk; rna; sars; shedding; speed; spray; studies; study; surgical; systematic; transmission; treatment; trials; use; viable; viral; virus; viruses; water; workers
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-335137-5qt286kc
- author: Chatterjee, Swapan K.
- title: Molecular Pathogenesis, Immunopathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against COVID-19
- date: 2020-08-11
- words: 7137
- flesch: 38
- summary: The interaction of the virus transmembrane spike (S) glycoprotein with host cell receptors act as the determinant of the pathogenesis. This receptor recognition by viral cell leads to host cell entry of the virus in combination with S-protein priming by the host cell protease TMPRSS2.
- keywords: ace2; acute; amino; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; binding; capable; cell; cleavage; clinical; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cytokine; disease; docking; domain; drug; effective; entry; enzyme; epithelial; et al; expression; factor; fusion; genome; glycoprotein; glycosylation; high; hoffmann; host; host cell; human; ifn; il-6; immune; infected; infection; influenza; inhibit; innate; interaction; interferon; key; lectin; like; lung; major; mannose; mbl; membrane; mers; molecular; new; novel; pandemic; pathogenesis; patients; potential; protease; protein; proteolytic; rbd; recent; receptor; recognition; related; replication; respiratory; response; responsible; rna; role; sars; sequence; severity; signaling; site; specific; spike; storm; structural; studies; study; subunit; surface; syndrome; system; target; therapeutic; therapy; tissues; tmprss2; transmembrane; treatment; type; viral; viruses; zhou
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- cord-335155-x9az3twa
- author: Qi, Zhen
- title: Phylogeny of SARS-CoV as inferred from complete genome comparison
- date: 2003
- words: 1617
- flesch: 50
- summary: Their result demonstrated strongly cytoplasmic and membranous staining of infected cells with antibodies related to coronaviruses of group 1 while no staining was identified with any antibodies related to coronaviruses of groups 2 and 3. Hemagglutinin esterase gene, which presents in all coronaviruses of group 2 and some of group 3, does not exist in SARS-CoVand coronaviruses of group 1[2 J , that also support our result that SARS-CoV is closer to coronaviruses of group 1. key: cord-335155-x9az3twa authors: Qi, Zhen; Hu, Yu; Li, Wei; Chen, Yanjun; Zhang, Zhihua; Sun, Shiwei; Lu, Hongchao; Zhang, Jingfen; Bu, Dongbo; Ling, Lunjiang; Chen, Runsheng title: Phylogeny of SARS-CoV as inferred from complete genome comparison date: 2003 journal: Chin Sci Bull DOI: 10.1007/bf03183930 sha: doc_id: 335155 cord_uid: x9az3twa SARS-CoV, as the pathogeny of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), is a mystery that the origin of the virus is still unknown even a few isolates of the virus were completely sequenced.
- keywords: acute; alignment; analysis; bootstrap; complete; coronaviruses; cov; genome; group; isolates; method; origin; phylogenetic; related; relationship; respiratory; result; sars; sequence; severe; syndrome; tree
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-335289-m4u96x2v
- author: Bhattacharya, Manojit
- title: Development of epitope‐based peptide vaccine against novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS‐COV‐2): Immunoinformatics approach
- date: 2020-03-05
- words: 1021
- flesch: 32
- summary: These epitopes are usually linked to specific linkers to build vaccine components and molecularly dock on toll‐like receptor‐5 to get binding affinity. Moreover, the molecular docking of vaccine components with the TLR-5 proves the significance and effectiveness of these epitopes as an ideal vaccine candidate against SARS-COV-2.
- keywords: analysis; cell; component; coronavirus; cov-2; database; docking; epitopes; epitopic; glycoprotein; immunoinformatics; mhc; novel; peptide; prediction; protein; region; sars; sequence; spike; vaccine; worse
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-335652-v98gv5uf
- author: Salazar, Cecilia
- title: Multiple introductions, regional spread and local differentiation during the first week of COVID-19 epidemic in Montevideo, Uruguay
- date: 2020-05-10
- words: 2077
- flesch: 41
- summary: Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples was performed according to the primalseq [5] approach on the MinION sequencing platform (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, United Kingdom) using the V2 primer pools. The application of rapid genomic epidemiology during local outbreaks allows to identify main routes of virus introduction and estimate spatio-temporal dynamics which can be used to improve contingency measures.
- keywords: america; ancestor; artic; cases; cov-2; covid-19; dynamics; early; emergence; epidemiology; genetic; genomes; genomic; global; international; introductions; local; march; montevideo; mutation; network; new; pandemic; real; results; samples; sars; sequencing; spatio; spread; synonymous; technologies; temporal; time; uruguay; virus; viruses
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- cord-336057-tj9qcuf8
- author: Lv, Yantian
- title: No intrauterine vertical transmission in pregnancy with COVID-19: a case report
- date: 2020-08-05
- words: 1344
- flesch: 51
- summary: The data of status of pregnant women and neonates after infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is limited. We report a case of pregnant woman in her third trimester with critical COVID-19, and amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood, placenta, and neonatal gastric fluid were retained during cesarean section.
- keywords: acid; amniotic; blood; case; clinical; cord; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; february; fluid; infection; intrauterine; negative; neonatal; nucleic; placenta; pregnant; sars; test; transmission; vertical; women
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-336150-l8w7xk0b
- author: Rathore, Jitendra Singh
- title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a newly emerged pathogen: an overview
- date: 2020-08-25
- words: 7378
- flesch: 47
- summary: Not so fast Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Human IgG neutralizing monoclonal antibodies block SARS-CoV-2 infection Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus Nitazoxanide has demonstrated potent in vitro activity against SARS CoV-2, with an EC 50 at 48 h of 2.12 μM in Vero E6 cells .
- keywords: ace2; acid; activity; acute; amino; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; bat; bats; binding; cases; cells; china; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cross; development; diagnosis; different; disease; domain; entry; enzyme; essential; et al; genome; genomic; group; hcq; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; identity; infection; intermediate; like; mers; monoclonal; neutralizing; new; novel; nucleotide; origin; outbreak; pangolin; patients; positive; protein; ratg13; rbd; receptor; recombinant; recombination; reduction; related; remdesivir; respiratory; results; sars; sequence; severe; similarity; species; specific; spike; structural; studies; study; syndrome; tests; time; treatment; united; vaccine; viral; viruses; zhou; î¼m
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-336775-d4hi9myk
- author: Kirtipal, Nikhil
- title: From SARS to SARS-CoV-2, insights on structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects of pandemic human coronaviruses
- date: 2020-08-13
- words: 8621
- flesch: 29
- summary: bat-SL-CoVZX45 and bat-SL-CoVZX2 from bats Zhou et al., 2020b) . (E), nucleocapsid (N) proteins, and hemagglutinin (HA), where S, M, and E proteins are embedded in viral envelop while N protein protects viral RNA genome located as core of virus ( Fig. 3 ) (Zhou et al., 2020b) .
- keywords: 2020b; accessory; ace2; activation; activity; acute; acute respiratory; analysis; angiotensin; animal; antibodies; antiviral; apoptosis; arabia; assembly; bats; camels; cd8; cells; china; cleavage; clinical; complex; converting; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cov-2; covid-19; covs; cytokines; dendritic; detection; development; direct; disease; distress; domain; dromedary; drug; east; entry; enzyme; epithelial; et al; evidences; factor; fig; function; fusion; genome; genomic; group; hcov; hemagglutinin; high; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; intermediate; later; like; lung; macrophages; membrane; mers; mice; middle; new; novel; nsps; nucleocapsid; outbreak; pandemic; papain; pathogenesis; patients; pneumonia; potential; previous; process; production; protease; protein; recent; receptor; recombination; recovered; release; replicase; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; saudi; sense; severe; shedding; site; species; specific; spike; strains; strategies; structural; studies; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; target; therapeutic; tnf; transcription; transmission; treatment; type; understanding; viral; viruses; wuhan; zhou; zoonotic
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- cord-337089-ksh62ni0
- author: Salajegheh Tazerji, Sina
- title: Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to animals: an updated review
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 4909
- flesch: 46
- summary: 31 Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges A novel coronavirus emerging in China-key questions for impact assessment Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Discovery of a novel coronavirus, China Rattus coronavirus HKU24, from Norway rats supports the murine origin of Betacoronavirus 1 and has implications for the ancestor of Betacoronavirus lineage A The COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive review of taxonomy, genetics, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses Coronavirus infection in equines: a review Efficient assembly and release of SARS coronavirus-like particles by a heterologous expression system MERS-CoV virus-like particles produced in insect cells induce specific humoural and cellular immunity in rhesus macaques Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments Evolutionary trajectory for the emergence of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 The Phyre2 web portal for protein modeling, prediction and analysis The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Low-level of infection whit COVID-19 in pet dog Molecular basis of COVID-19 relationships in different species: a one health perspective Novel SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: origin, pathogenesis, genes and genetic variations, immune responses and phylogenetic analysis World Health Organization WHO: summary table of SARS cases by country Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Middle East Although possible protection caused by the possession of a pet has not yet been found, the frequent occurrence of coronavirus in canines could help the human immune system develop a better response against SARS-CoV-2 [41] .
- keywords: 03695/2020; ace2; acute; amino; analysis; animals; antibodies; authors; bats; betacoronavirus; canine; cases; cats; china; collected; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; dog; dogs; domain; ferrets; genome; genomic; health; hkg/20; host; humans; identity; infected; infection; intermediate; mers; mink; necessary; new; novel; nucleotide; origin; outbreak; pangolin; pet; pets; phylogenetic; positive; possible; potential; protein; rbd; receptor; research; respiratory; review; samples; sars; severe; species; spike; spread; studies; study; syndrome; tiger; transmission; usa; viruses; world; wuhan
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- cord-337105-jlmh79qv
- author: Jacob, Fadi
- title: Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells and Brain Organoids Reveal SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism Predominates in Choroid Plexus Epithelium
- date: 2020-09-21
- words: 9967
- flesch: 41
- summary: To investigate the susceptibility of human brain cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we tested various hiPSC-derived neural cells in monolayer cultures and region-specific brain organoids generated using several established (Qian et al., 2018; Qian et al., 2016) and modified protocols (Sakaguchi et al., 2015) ( Figure 1A ). While SARS-CoV-2, the causal pathogen of COVID-19, has been detected in some patient brains, its ability to infect brain cells and impact their function are not well understood.
- keywords: ace2; adult; analysis; associated; astrocytes; barrier; brain; brain cells; brain organoids; cells; cellular; choroid; choroid plexus; combined; conditions; coronavirus; cortical; cov-2; covid-19; cpos; csf; culture; data; day; death; development; different; disease; div; downregulated; dpbs; dysregulation; epithelial; epithelial cells; et al; exposure; expression; figure; fisher; free; function; generation; genes; high; higher; hippocampal; hipsc; hours; hpi; hpi sars; human; human choroid; immune; impact; increase; infected; infected cells; infection; inflammatory; intestinal; j o; levels; lines; medium; microglia; minutes; model; moi; monolayer; neural; neurological; neurons; nucleoprotein; number; o u; organoids; pathogenesis; patients; plate; platform; plexus; plexus cells; pluripotent; primary; primer; productive; protocol; qpcr; r n; region; responses; results; rna; samples; sars; scientific; sections; seq; serum; similar; specific; spread; stem; studies; study; susceptibility; symptoms; system; table; thermo; tissue; titers; transcriptional; transcriptome; tropism; ttr; types; u r; upregulated; vehicle; viral; virus; vitro; yang; âµl; âµm; âºc
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-337430-c2vdnml7
- author: Timpka, Toomas
- title: Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic
- date: 2020-05-02
- words: 2266
- flesch: 43
- summary: It is predominantly people greater than 70 years of age and individuals with chronic conditions who are at risk of developing severe Covid-19 disease [11] . mBio The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults Population-based simulations of influenza pandemics: validity and significance for public health policy Use of rapid online surveys to assess people's perceptions during infectious disease outbreaks: a cross-sectional survey on COVID-19 Requirements and design of the PROSPER protocol for implementation of information infrastructures supporting pandemic response: a Nominal Group study Monitoring the COVID-19 epidemic in the context of widespread local transmission Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public.
- keywords: athletes; cases; china; chinese; clinical; community; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; disease; distancing; early; health; immune; individual; infection; level; major; national; novel; outbreak; pandemic; person; pneumonia; population; practice; public; regulations; respiratory; response; review; risk; rna; sars; social; sports; symptoms; syndrome; system; temporary; use; world; wuhan
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- cord-337712-ylqgraos
- author: Heinz, Franz X.
- title: Profile of SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-10-30
- words: 6044
- flesch: 34
- summary: The newly made experiences with COVID-19 underpin our lack of a detailed understanding of pathogenesis of virus infections in general and will certainly provide a new impetus for research into this fascinating area of virus-host interactions. In 2002, the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 in China and its global spread caused a first coronavirus-related human health crisis of international concern [5] .
- keywords: accessory; ace2; acute; adaptive; adenovirus; antibodies; antibody; article; bat; bats; betacoronaviruses; cells; changes; cleavage; clinical; conformation; coronaviruses; cov-2; covid-19; current; development; differences; different; disease; emergence; entry; essential; evidence; evolution; extent; fig; fusion; genes; genetic; genome; hcov; health; high; host; human; immune; immunity; important; infection; key; likely; long; main; membrane; mers; mild; mutation; natural; new; number; october; open; pandemic; patients; phase; potential; profile; protection; protein; rate; rbd; receptor; related; replication; respiratory; responses; results; rna; sars; sequence; severe; species; specific; spike; structural; syndrome; time; transmission; treatment; trials; vaccines; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-337812-arivkkj0
- author: Chu, Ling-Hon Matthew
- title: Rapid peptide-based screening on the substrate specificity of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 3C-like protease by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- date: 2006-03-07
- words: 6887
- flesch: 43
- summary: For the synthesis of peptide substrates, we deliberately applied the novel cartridge replacement strategy, which was based on the flexibility on modifying the solid-phase peptide synthesis process, in which each amino acid cartridge can be filled with different contents of amino acids in defined ratios, to generate the desired combinations of mixed peptide substrates according to experimental needs. The sequence of peptide substrate used in this study was based on one of the SARS-CoV 3CL pro cleavage sites on the SARS-CoV BJ01 polyprotein pp1ab (residues 3232-3247) ( Table 1) .
- keywords: 3cl pro; acid; amino; amino acid; approach; assay; batch; batches; cartridge; cleavage; cleavage assay; cleavage site; cleaved; coronavirus; corresponding; cov 3cl; docking; energy; enzymatic; et al; fig; ile; kcal; leu; maldi; mass; molecular; p1¢; p2 position; peaks; peptide; peptide cleavage; peptide peaks; peptide substrates; peptide synthesis; phase; phase peptide; position; pro cleavage; protease; protein; ps02; ps02 peptide; ps06; reaction; replacement; residues; results; sars; screening; sequence; site; solid; specificity; spectrum; studies; substitution; synthesis; table; target; tof; total; value
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-337825-ujq9mxk7
- author: Chen, Bin
- title: Overview of lethal human coronaviruses
- date: 2020-06-10
- words: 13457
- flesch: 43
- summary: lung injury Retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in SARS patients Aberrant pathogenic GM-CSF+ T cells and inflammatory CD14 +CD16+ monocytes in severe pulmonary syndrome patients of a new coronavirus Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against MERScoronavirus spike protein Discovery of hydrocarbon-stapled short α-helical peptides as promising Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) fusion inhibitors A systematic review of therapeutic agents for the treatment of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Identification of a broad-spectrum antiviral small molecule against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Ebola, Hendra, and Nipah viruses by using a novel high-throughput screening assay Current treatment options and the role of peptides as potential therapeutic components for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS): a review Cell therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome Challenges and responses in human vaccine development Receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV spike protein induces highly potent neutralizing antibodies: implication for developing subunit vaccine Expression of B subunit of E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin in the progenies of transgenic tobacco bred by crossing nuclear-and chloroplast-transgenic lines Immunogenicity of an adenoviral-based Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine in BALB/c mice One-Health: a safe, efficient, dual-use vaccine for humans and animals against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and rabies virus Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation DNA vaccine of SARS-Cov S gene induces antibody response in mice ChAdOx1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels Searching for an ideal vaccine candidate among different MERS coronavirus receptor-binding fragments-the importance of immunofocusing in subunit vaccine design Adenosine deaminase acts as a natural antagonist for dipeptidyl peptidase 4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection by anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody An emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) beyond glucose control: potential implications in cardiovascular disease Structural modeling of 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) spike protein reveals a proteolytically-sensitive activation loop as a distinguishing feature compared to SARS-CoV and related SARS-like coronaviruses Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV Disulfiram can inhibit MERS and SARS coronaviruspapain-like proteases via different modes De novo design of α-helical lipopeptides targeting viral fusion proteins: a promising strategy for relatively broad-spectrum antiviral drug discovery Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a Phase I clinical trial Potent binding of 2019 novelcoronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonalantibody Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies Exceptionally potent neutralizationof Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonalantibodies Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions inspike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV andfusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31870836), and the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (ZYYC20005 to W.C.). Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses Origins and evolution of the global RNA virome Classify viruses-the gain is worth the pain Detection of a group 2 coronavirus in dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease Human coronaviruses: what do they cause? Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People's Republic of China Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Ecology, evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV On the origin and continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Mutations, recombination and insertion in the evolution of 2019-nCoV SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Global epidemiology of bat coronaviruses From SARS to MERS, thrusting coronaviruses into the spotlight Challenges presented by MERS corona virus, and SARS corona virus to global health Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease MERS-CoV as an emerging respiratory illness: a review of prevention methods The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
- keywords: accessory; ace2; acids; activity; acute; acute respiratory; addition; agents; amino; ang; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; bat; betacoronavirus; binding; branch; candidates; cases; cause; cd147; cells; cellular; china; chinese; clinical; coronavirus; cough; countries; cov; cov infection; cov s; cov spike; cov-2; covid-19; detection; development; diagnosis; different; disease; dna; domain; dpp4; drugs; east; east respiratory; effective; encodes; end; entry; epithelial; evolution; expression; fever; fibrosis; fig; function; fusion; gene; genome; glycoprotein; health; helicase; high; higher; history; host; human; ifn; immune; important; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibitors; injury; interferon; invasion; key; like; lopinavir; lower; lung; major; mechanism; membrane; mers; middle; middle east; monoclonal; mortality; mrna; mutations; ncov; necrosis; neutralizing; new; nonstructural; novel; novel coronavirus; outbreak; pathogenic; patients; peptide; phase; plasma; plpro; pneumonia; positive; potential; production; protease; protein; pulmonary; rapid; rbd; receptor; region; related; replication; researchers; residues; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; ribavirin; ritonavir; rna; role; s protein; sars; sars coronavirus; sars patients; sequences; severe; similar; small; specific; spike; spike protein; structural; studies; study; subunit; surface; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; targets; terminal; therapeutic; therapies; time; tissue; tract; transmission; treatment; trial; type; vaccine; vector; viral; viruses; worldwide; wuhan
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- cord-337835-78i6j11i
- author: Alfaraj, Sarah H.
- title: The impact of co-infection of influenza A virus on the severity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
- date: 2017-02-09
- words: 1534
- flesch: 56
- summary: 6 Only a small number of MERS cases had co-infection with influenza A, parainfluenza, herpes simplex, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. He denied history of travel or contact with positive case or camels.
- keywords: case; coronavirus; cov; data; days; disease; east; england; environmental; h1n1; history; infection; influenza; mers; middle; nasopharyngeal; negative; nlst; patient; positive; respiratory; surveillance; swab; syndrome; year
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-338205-sy91rnse
- author: Li, Chenxi
- title: Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19)
- date: 2020-07-02
- words: 7542
- flesch: 45
- summary: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 World Health Organization, Consensus document on theepidemiology of severe acuterespiratory syndrome (SARS) Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19 Aerosol and Surface Distribution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hospital Wards Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes Detectable 2019-nCoV viral RNA in blood is a strong indicator for the further clinical severity First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States World Health Organization, Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Identification of Coronavirus Isolated from a Patient in Korea with COVID-19 Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in urine, blood, anal swabs, and oropharyngeal swabs specimens Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Evaluating the use of posterior oropharyngeal saliva in a point-of-care assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 Duration of viral detection in throat and rectum of a patient with COVID-19 Ophthalmologic evidence against the interpersonal transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus through conjunctiva Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea Novel Coronavirus can be detected in urine, blood, anal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs samples World Health Organization, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) technical guidance: There are currently 7 CoVs (including SARS-CoV-2) that can cause human respiratory diseases, but to date, only SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have caused a large outbreak with high mortality.
- keywords: acid; acute; addition; amplification; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; care; cases; china; clinical; control; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; days; ddpcr; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; early; elisa; evaluation; gene; genome; germany; health; higher; human; iga; igg; igm; infection; laboratory; lamp; load; lod; lower; method; nanoparticles; nasopharyngeal; ncov; negative; nested; neutralization; novel; nucleic; organization; oropharyngeal; outbreak; patients; pcr; performance; point; positive; primers; protein; qrt; rapid; rdrp; real; reported; respiratory; results; rna; saliva; samples; sars; sensitivity; sequencing; serum; sets; severe; single; specific; specimens; spike; study; suitable; swabs; syndrome; targets; testing; tests; time; tract; viral; viruses; world
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- cord-338243-njkhwkwk
- author: Zhang, Dayi
- title: Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical wastewater by the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in septic tanks of Fangcang Hospital
- date: 2020-06-23
- words: 2838
- flesch: 35
- summary: Besides direct contact and respiratory routes (Carlos et al., 2020; Lai et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020) , stool transmission might be an alternative route owing to the survival of SARS-CoV-2 in patient's stools (Holshue et al., 2020; Ling et al., 2020; Tian et al., 2020; Xiao et al., 2020; Xing et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020c) . As municipal wastewater pipe network receives huge amounts of wastewater from asymptomatic patients and treated sewage from hospitals, SARS-CoV-2 from non-or inefficient-disinfected wastewater might persist for a prolonged time in pipe network, becoming a secondary spreading source (Zhang et al., 2020a) .
- keywords: acute; byproducts; cabin; china; chlorine; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dbps; disinfectants; disinfection; effluents; et al; free; health; hospital; human; hypochlorite; march; medical; min; novel; patients; presence; respiratory; rna; sars; septic; sodium; solids; stool; tanks; viral; viruses; wastewater; wuchang; wuhan; zhang
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- cord-338436-0z828org
- author: Tzou, Philip L.
- title: Coronavirus Antiviral Research Database (CoV-RDB): An Online Database Designed to Facilitate Comparisons between Candidate Anti-Coronavirus Compounds
- date: 2020-09-09
- words: 8207
- flesch: 38
- summary: Implications for disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestation Regulation of the Interferon System: Evidence that Vero Cells have a Genetic Defect in Interferon Production Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells Morphological Cell Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Identifies Drug Repurposing Candidates for COVID-19 Identification of inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro cellular toxicity in human (Caco-2) cells using a large scale drug repurposing collection Comparative analysis of antiviral efficacy of FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells: Nafamostat is the most potent antiviral drug candidate Characterization and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal and bronchial human airway epithelia Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory epithelium Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Pneumonitis and Multi-Organ System Disease in Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) Infected with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus Animal models for SARS Animal models for SARS and MERS coronaviruses Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques Cynomolgus macaque as an animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model Rapid isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection in a small animal model Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets Infection and Rapid Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ferrets Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 COVID-19 preclinical models: Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice Infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in Rhesus macaques Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development Passive immunotherapy with dromedary immune serum in an experimental animal model for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Protective Effect of Intranasal Regimens Containing Peptidic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion Inhibitor Against MERS-CoV Infection Treatment With Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Interferon-β1b Improves Outcome of MERS-CoV Infection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Common Marmoset Type I and Type III Interferons-Induction, Signaling, Evasion, and Application to Combat COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment Coronavirus membrane fusion mechanism offers a potential target for antiviral development Coronaviruses -drug discovery and therapeutic options The Anticoagulant Nafamostat Potently Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 S Protein-Mediated Fusion in a Cell Fusion Assay System and Viral Infection In Vitro in a Cell-Type-Dependent Manner. β-D-N4hydroxycytidine-5′isopropyl ester (EIDD-2801) EIDD-2801 is a nucleoside analog, which like remdesivir has high nanomolar inhibitory activity in vitro against SARS-CoV-2 [62] .
- keywords: ace2; activity; angiotensin; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assay; binding; biochemical; cell; clinical; compounds; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; data; database; development; different; disease; drug; efficacy; entry; enzyme; epithelial; experiments; fda; fields; following; fusion; gene; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; iii; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; interferons; label; likely; lines; lopinavir; lung; mabs; macaques; main; mechanism; mers; mice; model; monoclonal; multiple; nafamostat; nanomolar; neutralizing; non; ongoing; open; patients; phase; polymerase; preclinical; promising; protease; protein; randomized; rdb; receptor; related; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; results; rhesus; rna; sars; severe; spike; studies; study; table; target; tmprss2; treatment; trials; type; u.s; vero; virus; viruses; vitro
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- cord-338468-c0jv3i1t
- author: Kanduc, Darja
- title: From Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses to COVID-19 via Molecular Mimicry
- date: 2020-07-16
- words: 4156
- flesch: 32
- summary: Immunoreactive epitopes present in SARS-CoV-2 were mostly composed of peptide sequences present in human proteins that—when altered, mutated, deficient or, however, improperly functioning—may associate with a wide range of disorders, from respiratory distress to multiple organ failure. Actually, the mere sharing of peptide sequences between pathogens and human proteins might be of little significance whether it remained sterile of cross-reactive autoimmune reactions.
- keywords: acid; acute; alterations; anti; association; autoimmune; calcium; cancers; cardiomyopathy; cause; cell; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; current; different; disease; disorders; endothelial; epitopes; expression; factor; failure; family; function; gamma; gene; hexapeptides; host; human; human proteins; iedb; immune; immunization; immunopathology; immunoreactive; infection; inflammatory; kinase; lung; mechanisms; minimal; molecular; multiple; muscle; mutations; number; patients; possible; potential; present; proteins; proteome; pulmonary; reactivity; receptor; respiratory; responses; results; role; sars; sequences; severe; shared; sharing; smooth; spike; srsssr; study; subunit; suppressor; syndrome; system; table; thrombomodulin; tumor; type; vaccines; vascular; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-338544-eph89g47
- author: Spuntarelli, Valerio
- title: COVID-19: is it just a lung disease? A case-based review
- date: 2020-07-28
- words: 2286
- flesch: 40
- summary: Int Forum Allergy Rhinol Guillain Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection: a case report Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication? COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features Central nervous system manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter study Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)1 Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Possible involvement of infection with human coronavirus 229E, but not NL63, in Kawasaki disease COVID-19 and the liver: little cause for concern Potential pathogenesis of ageusia and anosmia in COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: acute; analysis; ards; article; association; blood; brain; cardiac; cardiovascular; case; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokine; damage; disease; emergency; failure; features; fig; infection; injury; interstitial; involvement; kawasaki; kidney; liver; myocardial; myocarditis; nervous; old; organ; patients; pneumonia; report; reproductive; respiratory; review; risk; sars; severe; studies; study; syndrome; system; systemic; virus; ward; year
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-338775-gh3a0wuf
- author: Gulersen, Moti
- title: Histopathological evaluation of placentas after diagnosis of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection
- date: 2020-08-15
- words: 2514
- flesch: 31
- summary: Therefore, the objective of this study was to 109 determine if any significant placental histopathological changes occur after diagnosis of SARS-110 CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and whether these changes are correlated with the presence or 111 absence of symptoms typically related to infection. To our knowledge, and based on a review of the 300 literature, this is the largest reported cohort of examined placentas from pregnancies with SARS-301 CoV-2 infection and first report comparing histopathological findings in women with and 302 without symptoms related to infection.
- keywords: age; analysis; cases; changes; characteristics; clinical; cohort; controls; coronavirus; covid-19; delivery; diagnosis; disease; fetal; findings; gestational; health; histopathological; historical; infection; maternal; pathology; patients; period; placentas; pregnancy; presence; sars; significant; study; symptoms; table; transmission; typical; value; women
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- cord-338923-hc7gagnq
- author: Jääskeläinen, AJ
- title: Performance of six SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays in comparison with microneutralisation
- date: 2020-06-15
- words: 2113
- flesch: 43
- summary: The specificity and sensitivity values of the commercial tests against MNT, respectively, were as follows: 95.1%/80.5% (Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG), 94.9%/43.8% (Diasorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 IgG; RUO), 68.3%/87.8% (Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgA), 86.6%/70.7% (Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 IgG), 74.4%/56.1% (Acro 2019-nCoV IgG), 69.5%/46.3% (Acro 2019-nCoV IgM), 97.5%/71.9% (Xiamen Biotime SARS-CoV-2 IgG), and 88.8%/81.3% (Xiamen Biotime SARS-CoV-2 IgM). The CE marked Diasorin Liaison SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay was not available for this evaluation.
- keywords: abbott; acro; antibodies; assays; commercial; covid-19; diasorin; euroimmun; iga; igg; igm; immunoassays; liaison; mnt; neg; negative; panel; patients; performance; positive; ruo; samples; sars; sensitivity; serum; specificity; specimens; study; table; test
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-338973-73a7uvyz
- author: Xu, Jiabao
- title: Systematic Comparison of Two Animal-to-Human Transmitted Human Coronaviruses: SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV
- date: 2020-02-22
- words: 7127
- flesch: 54
- summary: Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential inhibitor of 2019 nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States Research progress on novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related drugs in vitro/vivo Friendship Hospital: Clinical Experimental Research Work Is Being Carried Out on Remdesivir Recombination in large RNA viruses Discovery of seven novel Mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding SARS-Coronavirus Open Reading Frame-8b triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes Jumping species-A mechanism for coronavirus persistence and survival Serological evidence of bat SARS-related coronavirus infection in humans Clinical virology and pathogenesis Expression of elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV-infected ACE2+ cells in SARS patients: Relation to the acute lung injury and pathogenesis of SARS Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Epidemic Update and Risk Assessment of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment outcomes of SARS patients Middle East respiratory syndrome: Emergence of a pathogenic human coronavirus Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by 2019-nCoV (Trial Version 4) Pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines in the principle of 4S for patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: A systematic review Multiple contact dates and SARS incubation periods A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern The severe acute respiratory syndrome The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong epidemic: An analysis of all 1755 patients Infectious Disease Expert Li Lanjuan Responded to Six Questions of 2019-nCoV Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study Press Conference of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China on 3 Intraspecies diversity of SARS-like coronaviruses in Rhinolophus sinicus and its implications for the origin of SARS coronaviruses in humans Novel coronavirus: From discovery to clinical diagnostics SARS-CoV infection in a restaurant from palm civet Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human Pangolin May Be a Potential Intermediate Host of New Coronavirus.
- keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; average; bat; bats; binding; cases; cells; china; chinese; clinical; control; coronavirus; countries; cov; cov-2; covid-19; covs; data; days; deaths; disease; distress; drugs; effective; feb; female; figure; following; genomic; guangdong; health; hong; hospital; host; hubei; human; incubation; infected; infection; information; intermediate; kong; like; main; mers; mortality; national; ncov; new; novel; number; orf8; outbreak; pathogenesis; patients; people; period; pneumonia; potential; prevention; protein; province; rate; receptor; research; respiratory; sars; sars patients; sequence; severe; source; spread; strains; symptoms; syndrome; taiwan; time; total; transmission; treatment; viruses; wuhan
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- cord-339009-wcoch07b
- author: File, Thomas M.
- title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Pertinent Clinical Characteristics and Therapy
- date: 2012-08-23
- words: 6029
- flesch: 43
- summary: The majority of cases have been reported among healthcare providers and family members of SARS patients. All staff entering these infected and 13 infected healthcare providers who had documentrestricted areas follow strict and stepwise 'gowning' and 'degowned contacts with SARS patients (table V) .
- keywords: absence; acute; acute respiratory; antibody; cases; cdc; center; chest; china; clinical; close; contact; control; coronavirus; cov; criteria; days; detection; diagnosis; disease; documented; early; evaluation; evidence; exposure; fever; findings; healthcare; high; history; hong; hospitalization; illness; infected; infection; initial; kong; laboratory; masks; measures; mild; mortality; negative; number; onset; outbreak; patients; pcr; person; phase; pneumonia; possible; precautions; prevention; probable; radiographic; recent; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; ribavirin; risk; sars; serum; severe; severe acute; symptoms; syndrome; table; testing; tests; time; transmission; travel; use; viral; workers; world
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-339344-qd73h1ie
- author: Simon, David
- title: Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving cytokine inhibitors have low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion
- date: 2020-07-24
- words: 4097
- flesch: 35
- summary: Therapeutic interventions for IMIDs target inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 that are both involved in the physiological and pathological host response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 4 . Two recent studies reported that development of a more pronounced anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG response is linked to more severe disease, suggesting inflammatory responses as important triggers for priming adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 14, 15 .
- keywords: addition; anti; antibodies; antibody; article; assay; care; clinical; cohort; contact; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; date; disease; domain; elisa; endemic; erlangen; exposure; fig; germany; groups; healthy; higher; igg; imid; imid patients; immune; individuals; infection; inflammatory; information; inhibitors; low; new; nhc; nucleocapsid; participants; patients; population; positive; prevalence; protein; respiratory; responses; risk; sars; seroprevalence; severe; similar; social; spike; study; symptoms; testing; tests; treatment
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-339665-nwwutduy
- author: Patel, Ami
- title: Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model
- date: 2020-07-29
- words: 5279
- flesch: 44
- summary: This vaccine candidate induced neutralizing and ACE2-blocking antibodies, as well as T cell responses in mice and guinea pigs. This anamnestic response was characterized by expansion of neutralizing antibody responses, including those against the now dominantly circulating G614 variant, as well as the rapid expansion of T cell responses.
- keywords: ace2; acute; animals; antibodies; antibody; assay; bal; binding; cells; cellular; challenge; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; d614; day; development; disease; dna; doremalen; dose; ecd; et al; figure; g614; hours; humoral; immune; immunity; immunization; impact; important; induced; infection; ino-4800; length; loads; lower; macaques; memory; mers; nasal; naïve; neutralization; neutralizing; nhps; patients; pbs; plates; post; protection; protein; pseudovirus; rbd; receptor; respiratory; responses; rhesus; rna; sars; sera; serum; severe; sgmrna; spike; studies; study; syndrome; time; titers; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; van; viral; virus; washed; week
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-339762-lh8czr0a
- author: Ng, Dianna L.
- title: Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Findings of a Fatal Case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014
- date: 2016-03-31
- words: 3211
- flesch: 31
- summary: Lit Update Risk Assess 7 Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Albarrak AM: Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia Al Raiy B: Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Evaluation of pigtail macaques as a model for the effects of copper intrauterine devices on HIV infection Pathology and pathogenesis of fatal Bordetella pertussis infection in infants Fullgenome deep sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of novel human betacoronavirus MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees Realtime reverse transcription-PCR assay panel for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Emerging human middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes widespread infection and alveolar damage in human lungs Kinetics and pattern of viral excretion in biological specimens of two MERS-CoV cases Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Time course and cellular localization of SARS-CoV nucleoprotein and RNA in lungs from fatal cases of SARS Tropism and replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract: an invitro and ex-vivo study Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected.
- keywords: acute; alveolar; antibodies; antigens; april; arabia; autopsy; blood; case; cells; clinical; colocalization; coronavirus; cov; damage; diffuse; disease; double; dpp4; east; east respiratory; epithelial; evidence; failure; fatal; figure; findings; histopathologic; hospital; human; ihc; immunohistochemical; infection; kidney; lungs; mers; middle; moderate; multiple; outbreak; patchy; pathogenesis; patient; pneumocytes; renal; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; sars; saudi; severe; staining; syncytial; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; targets; tract; type; ultrastructural; unknown; viral; world
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-339859-anatn295
- author: Paret, Michal
- title: SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress
- date: 2020-04-17
- words: 1287
- flesch: 49
- summary: key: cord-339859-anatn295 authors: Paret, Michal; Lighter, Jennifer; Pellett Madan, Rebecca; Raabe, Vanessa N; Shust, Gail F; Ratner, Adam J title: SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in febrile infants without respiratory distress date: 2020-04-17 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa452 sha: doc_id: 339859 cord_uid: anatn295 We report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in infants presenting with fever in the absence of respiratory distress who required hospitalization for evaluation of possible invasive bacterial infections. The diagnoses resulted from routine isolation and real-time RT-PCR-based testing for SARS-CoV-2 for febrile infants in an outbreak setting.
- keywords: absence; bacterial; blood; cases; children; cov-2; covid-19; department; disease; febrile; fever; hospital; infants; infection; invasive; outbreak; patient; respiratory; sars; time; urine
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-340042-intxyu46
- author: Chaudhry, Sundas Nasir
- title: New insight on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-09-11
- words: 5470
- flesch: 31
- summary: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Coronavirus infections and immune responses SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Coronavirus endoribonuclease activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus suppresses type I and type III interferon responses The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia calls for viral vaccines Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral genomics, epidemiology, vaccines, and therapeutic interventions The recombinant N-terminal domain of spike proteins is a potential vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients Vaccination strategies to combat novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 The ORF7b protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is expressed in virus-infected cells and incorporated into SARS-CoV particles Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2019-20 influenza season An oral live attenuated vaccine strategy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) Evolution and containment of transmissible recombinant vector vaccines Progress and prospects on vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID-19 pandemic: history and mechanism mRNA as a transformative technology for vaccine development to control infectious diseases Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines Race for a Coronavirus Vaccine: Thanks in part to institutional support Moderna Therapeutics, and other developers are exploring diverse approaches against SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness Leveraging mRNAs sequences to express SARS-CoV-2 antigens in vivo The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Characterization and preclinical evaluation of the cGMP grade DNA based vaccine, AV-1959D to enter the first-in-human clinical trials Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, doseescalation trial Design of a heterosubtypic epitope-based peptide vaccine fused with hemokinin-1 against influenza viruses The role of the proteasome in generating cytotoxic T-cell epitopes: insights obtained from improved predictions of proteasomal cleavage A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating 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induced by respiratory syncytial virus Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in healthy human subjects Potent neutralization of 2019 novel coronavirus by recombinant ACE2-Ig Protection of Rhesus Macaque from SARS-Coronavirus challenge by recombinant adenovirus vaccine Comparative replication and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19 Potential rapid diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): a systematic review A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Based on these points, the potential parts of S protein, which are used as antigens in immunization improvement, integrate the entire extent of this protein and vaccine development [57] .
- keywords: ace2; acute; antibodies; antibody; antigen; attenuated; better; binding; candidate; cell; china; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; development; different; diseases; dna; domain; entry; formulation; glossary; host; human; immune; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; inactivated; infection; influenza; like; live; lung; mers; mice; mrna; ncov; neutralizing; new; novel; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenesis; patients; phase-1; pneumonia; potential; present; projects; protection; protein; r n; rbd; receptor; recombinant; replication; respiratory; response; review; sars; severe; specific; spike; structure; study; subunit; syndrome; target; transmission; trial; type; vaccine; vaccine development; viral; viruses; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-340049-6rqmc89u
- author: Salvatori, Giovanni
- title: SARS-CoV-2 SPIKE PROTEIN: an optimal immunological target for vaccines
- date: 2020-06-03
- words: 1412
- flesch: 33
- summary: Microbes Infect Antibody-dependent infection of human macrophages by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Antibodydependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection in Rhesus Macaques Immunized with an Inactivated SARS-CoV Vaccine Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations Not applicable. Based on previous evidence and experience with SARS and MERS, the primary focus has been the Spike protein, considered as the ideal target for COVID-19 immunotherapies.
- keywords: ade; antibodies; antibody; applicable; cells; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; effective; entry; host; infection; mers; protein; rbd; receptor; sars; spike; strategies; structural; target; vaccination; vaccine; viral
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-340305-jtvn9tlm
- author: Cimolai, Nevio
- title: A Minimalist Strategy Towards Temporarily Defining Protection for COVID-19
- date: 2020-09-19
- words: 5117
- flesch: 33
- summary: Glob Health Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Therapy with a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity and viral burden in golden Syrian hamsters Comparison of immunoglobulin G responses to the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in patients with SARS Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by highthroughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients' B cells Shahverdi S Clinical efficacy and convalescent plasma for treatment of COVID-19 infections: results of a multicenter clinical study Replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector protects against SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development A SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody protects from lung pathology in COVID-19 hamster model Passive immunization against transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets by ingestion of milk of sows inoculated with attenuated virus Effect of specific humoral immunity and some nonspecific factors on resistance of volunteers to respiratory coronavirus infection Infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in rhesus macaques Protective effect of immunoglobulins in serum and milk of sows exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus Neutralization of a transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine by colostral antibodies elicited by intestine and cell culture-propagated virus Intestinal, pulmonary, and serum antibody responses of feeder pigs exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus by the oral and the oral-intranasal routes in inoculation Mucosal and systemic isotype-specific antibody responses and protection in conventional pigs exposed to virulent or attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus Isotype-specific antibody responses to bovine coronavirus structural proteins in serum, feces, and mucosal secretions from experimentally challengeexposed colostrum-deprived calves Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in Rhesus macaques Relationship among transmissible gastroenteritis virus antibody titers in serum, colostrum, and milk from vaccinated sows, and protection in their suckling pigs Passive protection of neonatal calves against bovine coronavirus-induced diarrhea by administration of egg yolk or colostrum antibody powder The time course of the immune response to experimental coronavirus infection of man Infectious Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus excretion and serotype variability based on live virus isolates from patients in Saudi Arabia Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection Sensitive and specific detection of low-level antibody responses in mild Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infections MERS-CoV antibody responses 1 year after symptom onset, South Korea Persistence of antibodies against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus High neutralizing antibody titer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19 Human B cell clonal expansion and convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Cross-reactive antibody response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infections Evaluating the association of clinical characteristics with neutralizing antibody levels in patients who have recovered from mild COVID-19 in Heterogeneous antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid with implications on COVID-19 immunity Dynamics and significance of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection Humoral and cellular and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered patients with COVID-19 Antibody profiles according to mild or severe SARS-CoV-2 infection Human-IgGneutralizing monoclonal antibodies block the SARS-CoV-2 infection Rapid generation of neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 patients Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients Expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody-secreting cells and generation of neutralizing antibodies in hospitalized COVID-19 patients Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 are distinct in children with MIS-C compared to adults with COVID-19 Pediatric SARS-CoV-2: clinical presentation, infectivity, and immune responses SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in children with MIS-C and mild and severe COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 serology and virology trends in donors and recipients of convalescent plasma Viral dynamics and immune correlates of COVID-19 disease severity Anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies monitoring in a group of residents in a long term care facility during COVID-19 pandemic peak Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes Development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibody to the SARS-coronavirus The behavior of recent isolates of human respiratory coronavirus in vitro and in volunteers: evidence of heterogeneity among 229E-related strains Sequential emergence and wide spread of neutralization escape Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus mutants Increased antibody affinity confers broad in vitro protection against escape mutants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus COVID-19 re-infection by a phylogenetically distinct SARScoronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific immune m e m Does neutralization antibody ensure protection?
- keywords: acute; antibodies; antibody; antigen; approach; assay; best; cell; clinical; comparison; confirmatory; coronavirus; correlates; cov-2; covid-19; current; detection; development; diagnostic; disease; east; eia; higher; human; igg; igm; immune; immunity; immunoblotting; individuals; infected; infection; likely; methods; middle; mild; minimalist; monoclonal; neutralization; neutralizing; non; pandemic; passive; patients; person; positive; possible; potential; prevention; protection; protein; repeat; respiratory; responses; samples; sars; second; sera; serodiagnostic; serological; serology; serum; severe; specific; specificity; spike; strategy; studies; syndrome; systems; test; threshold; time; use; vaccine; viral; world
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-340516-9dfaqsv7
- author: Moore, Anne C.
- title: Pre-clinical studies of a recombinant adenoviral mucosal vaccine to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection
- date: 2020-09-06
- words: 6704
- flesch: 40
- summary: We are developing oral vaccines for multiple indications, including influenza and noroviruses, delivered in a tablet form for people. We and others 17 have observed that transgene expression by vaccine vectors orally administered to mice can be suppressed in their intestinal environment, so immunogenicity was assessed following intranasal (i.n.)
- keywords: access; adenovirus; antibodies; antibody; antigen; approach; assay; binding; campaign; candidate; cd4; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; development; different; diluted; dilution; disease; domain; dose; efficacy; expression; fig; following; gene; global; higher; human; ifn; iga; igg; immune; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; incubation; infection; influenza; key; length; levels; lung; mice; mouse; mucosal; neutralizing; non; novel; oral; pandemic; phase; plates; platform; pre; protection; protein; rad; receptor; recombinant; respiratory; responses; s protein; safety; samples; sars; serum; significant; snt; solution; specific; spike; stabilized; studies; study; tablet; time; titers; transmission; trial; type; vaccine; vector; version; viral; virus; weeks; wild
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-341234-2zgfcrwc
- author: Hallak, Jorge
- title: Concise practice recommendations for the provision of andrological services and assisted reproductive technology for male infertility patients during the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil
- date: 2020-09-02
- words: 3616
- flesch: 33
- summary: key: cord-341234-2zgfcrwc authors: Hallak, Jorge; Esteves, Sandro C. title: Concise practice recommendations for the provision of andrological services and assisted reproductive technology for male infertility patients during the SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil date: 2020-09-02 journal: Int Braz J Urol DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2020.06.03 sha: doc_id: 341234 cord_uid: 2zgfcrwc nan The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS--CoV-2), responsible for the disease so-called CO-VID-19, represents the most exceptional health, social, economic, and humanitarian crisis known to humankind since the H1N1 flu of 1918. SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and repercussions for male infertility patients: A proposal for the individualized provision of andrological services Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.
- keywords: ace2; acute; age; analysis; andrological; assisted; asymptomatic; authorities; brazil; care; cell; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; deaths; disease; environment; group; health; healthcare; herd; higher; igg; immunity; impact; individuals; infected; infertility; laboratory; male; measures; medical; men; months; negative; number; pandemic; patients; pcr; population; practice; quality; rate; reported; reproductive; respiratory; risk; safe; sars; semen; services; severe; sperm; staff; study; surgical; syndrome; testing; therapy; time; use; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-341254-xnj6slby
- author: Li, Hua
- title: A new and rapid approach for detecting COVID‐19 based on S1 protein fragments
- date: 2020-06-05
- words: 1954
- flesch: 38
- summary: 11 Positive IgM antibody usually indicated an acute phase of viral infection, whereas positive IgG antibody suggested late or previous infection. Based on it, the detection of IgM/IgG in blood became an optional approach to improve the diagnosis, especially for the COVID-19 patient with negative nucleic acid test result.
- keywords: acid; antibody; antigen; assay; clinical; coincidence; colloidal; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; diagnosis; gold; igg; igm; infection; kit; lgg; lgm; line; negative; novel; nucleic; patients; positive; rapid; reaction; recombinant; respiratory; sars; table; test; threshold
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-341287-i1hyk962
- author: Smith, Trevor R. F.
- title: Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19
- date: 2020-05-20
- words: 7833
- flesch: 47
- summary: Although vaccine-induced immunopathology has been raised as a potential concern for SARS and MERS vaccine candidates, and possibly for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, these concerns are likely vaccine-platform dependent and, to-date, no evidence of immune pathogenesis has been reported for MERS DNA vaccines in mice or non-human primate models 10 or SARS DNA vaccines in mice 8 . Based upon our previous experience developing a vaccine against MERS coronavirus, and previous published studies of SARS vaccines, SARS-CoV-2 S protein was chosen as the antigen target.
- keywords: ace2; actin; analysis; animals; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigens; assay; associated; available; balb; binding; buffer; candidate; cat; cells; cellular; challenge; clinical; constructs; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; days; delivery; design; development; diluted; dilution; disease; dna; domain; east; elisa; expression; fig; final; global; guinea; health; host; human; humoral; igg; immune; immunization; immunized; immunogenicity; immunopathology; inactivated; infection; inhibition; ino-4800; intradermal; lungs; mers; mice; middle; min; models; mouse; multiple; neutralization; neutralizing; pbs; pcr; pgx9501; pigs; plasmid; plates; potential; protective; protein; pseudovirus; pvax; rbd; receptor; recombinant; respiratory; responses; reverse; rlu; rna; samples; sars; sequence; sera; serum; severe; sigma; spike; spike protein; studies; study; summary; syndrome; synthetic; table; target; testing; titers; transfection; tween; vaccine
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-341453-9yrvjlpx
- author: Clay, Candice C
- title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infection in aged nonhuman primates is associated with modulated pulmonary and systemic immune responses
- date: 2014-03-19
- words: 8159
- flesch: 43
- summary: Unlike the juvenile animals, interferongamma was below the level of detection in aged lung samples (data not shown). In examination of viral titers, significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV were detected in the nasal swabs early, at day 1 post infection, in aged as compared to juvenile monkeys, but virus levels were only slightly higher in aged animals by day 3.
- keywords: acute; additional; african; aged; aged animals; aged monkeys; aging; analysis; animals; anova; antibodies; blood; cd14; cd3; cd68; cd8; cells; changes; chemokine; clone; contrast; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cytokines; d.p.i; data; day; days; dcs; dendritic; dependent; differences; elderly; expression; figure; file; flow; frequencies; frequency; function; green; groups; higher; hladr; host; humans; immune; immunity; infection; inflammatory; juvenile; juvenile animals; leukocyte; levels; lower; lung; lymph; lymphocytes; macrophages; manuscript; monkeys; monocytes; mucosal; node; nonhuman; old; pathology; peripheral; points; post; primates; protein; receptor; reduced; related; research; respiratory; responses; results; rhesus; sars; serum; severe; severity; similar; specific; student; studies; study; syndrome; systemic; t cells; test; time; tissue; titers; total; unpaired; viral; virus; way
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342220-lrqt2gcw
- author: Dearlove, Bethany
- title: A SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate would likely match all currently circulating variants
- date: 2020-09-22
- words: 7885
- flesch: 41
- summary: The genetic differentiation of subpopulations within sampled sequences was calculated on each gene separately using Nei's (30) G ST . 5D illustrates that mutations found across circulating S sequences were rare: Besides D614G (found in 69.4% of sequences), the next most frequent substitution is found in 1.96% of sequences (synonymous), with sequences sampled from infected individuals, on average, 0.55 mutations away from the consensus sequence (consisting of 0.12 synonymous and 0.43 nonsynonymous mutations).
- keywords: alignments; alleles; amino; analyses; antibodies; appendix; associated; available; bat; branch; candidates; cell; china; consensus; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; d614; d614 g; data; dependent; differentiation; distribution; diversity; entry; estimates; evidence; evolution; fig; fitness; genomes; gisaid; global; hla; host; hu-1; human; individuals; length; likely; limited; lineages; median; mhc; model; mutations; neutral; neutralizing; nonstructural; nucleotide; number; outbreak; pandemic; phylogenetic; phylogenies; phylogeny; population; protein; rates; reference; respiratory; sampled; sars; selection; sequences; simulated; sites; spike; spread; structural; subpopulations; subsampled; substitutions; test; time; tree; vaccine; variants; viral; virus; viruses; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342383-ckswlo9o
- author: Pawlowski, C.
- title: Exploratory analysis of immunization records highlights decreased SARS-CoV-2 rates in individuals with recent non-COVID-19 vaccinations
- date: 2020-07-28
- words: 5487
- flesch: 44
- summary: There are several ongoing/recruiting clinical trials testing the protective effects of existing vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection, including: Polio 8 , Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine 9 , Influenza vaccine 10 , and BCG vaccine 11, 12, 13, 14 . From the limited data available, there were 51 individuals in the study population who had taken BCG vaccine in the past 5 years, and among these 0 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection (95% CI: (0.0%, 7.0%)).
- keywords: age; analysis; bcg; cancer; clinical; cohorts; confounder; control; county; cov-2; covid-19; data; effect; example; figure; horizon; individuals; infection; lower; matching; negative; particular; past; pcr; pcv13; persons; polio; population; potential; present; propensity; race; rates; relative; results; risk; sars; score; studies; study; testing; time; unobserved; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccines; value; year; year time
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342538-5bwsm290
- author: Izquierdo Lara, R. W.
- title: Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 circulation and diversity through community wastewater sequencing
- date: 2020-09-22
- words: 5039
- flesch: 42
- summary: Here we have used two of the most common NGS technologies (Nanopore and Illumina) to study the diversity of SARS-CoV-2 found in sewage samples, from the Netherlands and Belgium, and compared these results with the virus diversity found in sequenced clinical samples. Given the high chemical and biological complexity of wastewater samples, virus concentration and RNA extraction methods are crucial parts of the process to reach enough is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint The copyright holder for this this version posted September 22, 2020. .
- keywords: 19b; 20c; analysis; author; clade; clinical; community; consensus; copyright; cov-2; coverage; detection; different; diversity; doi; fig; funder; genome; global; holder; human; illumina; license; low; medrxiv; medrxiv preprint; mutations; nanopore; netherlands; particular; peer; peer review; population; preprint; presence; present; reads; reference; review; rna; samples; sars; september; sequences; sequencing; sewage; supplementary; surveillance; table; tool; variant; version; viral; virus; viruses; wastewater
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342569-ja96xfns
- author: Azer, Samy A.
- title: COVID-19: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, complications and Investigational therapeutics
- date: 2020-08-05
- words: 2672
- flesch: 39
- summary: Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding A comparative study on the clinical features of COVID-19 pneumonia to other pneumonias Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study COVID-19 and Liver Dysfunction: Current Insights and Emergent Therapeutic Strategies COVID-19-associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: CT and MRI Features Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: a metaanalysis Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections -the state of the art Sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassay for detection of nucleocapsid antigen in sera from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Whole body point of care ultrasound for COVID-19: a multisystem approach to a multi-system disease A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study Epidemiological and initial clinical characteristics of patients with family aggregation of COVID-19 The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients A geroscience perspective on COVID-19 mortality Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Secreting Staphylococcus aureus Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients require to be admitted to intensive care unit because they develop severe disease complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome
- keywords: ace2; acute; body; cardiac; cardiovascular; cells; changes; characteristics; chloroquine; clinical; complications; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; diagnosis; disease; elevated; evidence; failure; heart; higher; infected; infection; inflammatory; injury; liver; lungs; mild; new; nlr; novel; pathogenesis; patients; people; pneumonia; protein; receptor; respiratory; risk; sars; serum; severe; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; test; therapeutics; treatment; use; viral; wuhan
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342756-rgm9ffpk
- author: Senger, Mario Roberto
- title: COVID-19: molecular targets, drug repurposing and new avenues for drug discovery
- date: 2020-10-02
- words: 16157
- flesch: 39
- summary: Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Guanine-N7 methyltransferase (nsp14) for identifying antiviral inhibitors against COVID-19 Virtual screening, ADME/T, and binding free energy analysis of anti-viral, anti-protease, and anti-infectious compounds against NSP10/ NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease of SARS CoV-2 Targeting SARS-COV-2 non-structural protein 16: a virtual drug repurposing study Ready, set, fuse! (148) Other targets -Apart from SARS-CoVs infection, some relevant molecular targets of other viral diseases and host metabolism have also been investigated in COVID-19 drug discovery, such as viral neuraminidases and the DPP4 cell receptor.
- keywords: abbott; ace2; acid; activities; activity; acute; addition; analysis; angiotensin; animal; antiviral; approaches; associated; authors; available; baricitinib; beta; binding; blind; broad; cathepsin; cells; cellular; chemical; china; chloroquine; cleavage; clinical; combination; company; compounds; computational; confirmation; coronavirus; cost; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 treatment; covs; cycle; cytoplasm; data; days; deep; dependent; development; diabetes; different; discovery; disease; docking; domain; double; dpp4; drug; early; effectiveness; effects; efficacy; entry; envelope; enzyme; essential; expression; family; fda; fig; final; form; function; fusion; gilead; glycoprotein; graph; grna; group; hcq; health; helicase; high; host; human; hydrolysis; hydroxychloroquine; il-6; immune; important; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; information; inhibition; inhibitors; interaction; intermediate; kda; key; knowledge; large; learning; like; lopinavir; lower; mechanism; membrane; mers; methods; methyltransferase; models; molecular; molecules; natural; ncov; need; network; new; non; novel; nsp14; number; options; overall; pandemic; patent; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; polymerase; polyproteins; possible; post; potential; pp1ab; process; production; promising; protease; protein; randomised; rdrp; reaction; recent; receptor; related; release; remdesivir; replication; repurposing; research; respiratory; response; responsible; results; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; safety; sars; sars coronavirus; severe; similar; site; small; spectrum; spike; steps; strategies; strategy; structure; studies; study; syndrome; synthesis; synthetic; system; target; terminal; therapeutic; time; tmprss2; transmembrane; treatment; trials; type; use; viral; virion; viruses; vivo; wuhan; yield
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342796-f7n8sxbu
- author: Stowe, J.
- title: Interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza and the impact of coinfection on disease severity: A test negative design
- date: 2020-09-18
- words: 3924
- flesch: 36
- summary: To estimate influenza infection on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, univariable and multivariable analyses on the odds of SARS-CoV-2 in those who tested positive for influenza compared to those who tested negative for influenza. Effect of influenza infection on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The total number of positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 and influenza test results from weeks 1 to 17, 2020 were assessed.
- keywords: age; associated; author; cases; coinfected; coinfection; copyright; cov-2; covid-19; death; disease; effect; england; funder; health; icu; impact; individuals; influenza; interaction; license; lower; medrxiv; mortality; negative; number; odds; outcomes; patients; positive; preprint; respiratory; results; review; risk; sars; season; september; severe; study; test; total; vaccination; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-342902-y1v8wzxq
- author: Yuan, Shuofeng
- title: Clofazimine is a broad-spectrum coronavirus inhibitor that antagonizes SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human cell culture and hamsters
- date: 2020-10-07
- words: 5699
- flesch: 35
- summary: The effective concentration of clofazimine against SARS-CoV-2 (half maximal effective concentration 310 nM) is clinically achievable with standard dosage in patients (peak serum concentration 861 nM) 13 . Clofazimine has a relatively long duration of action with the mean elimination half-life approximately 25 days, thus we performed prophylactic treatment of hamsters with clofazimine before intranasally challenged with 10 5 PFU of SARS-CoV-2 ( Figure 4a ).
- keywords: activity; addition; administration; ammatory; analysis; animal; antibody; antiviral; assay; broad; cacy; cells; clinical; clofazimine; combinatorial; concentration; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; cytokine; data; day; disease; dmso; dose; dpi; drug; effect; entry; fda; figure; genes; gibco; group; hamster; hours; hpi; human; il-6; immune; impact; infected; infection; inhibits; innate; inoculation; inoculum; invitrogen; kong; leprosy; life; lung; max; medium; mers; model; pandemic; patients; post; potential; prophylactic; remdesivir; replication; resistant; respiratory; response; results; rna; rst; sars; severe; signi; spectrum; spike; studies; study; syndrome; therapeutic; time; tissues; treatment; tuberculosis; veroe6; viral; virus; vivo; vsv
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-343196-vlwzzrgc
- author: Kiambi, Stella
- title: Detection of distinct MERS-Coronavirus strains in dromedary camels from Kenya, 2017
- date: 2018-11-28
- words: 1496
- flesch: 36
- summary: Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia MERS and the dromedary camel trade between Africa and the Middle East MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit regiondependent genetic diversity Cross-sectional surveillance of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels and other mammals in Egypt Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels MERS-CoV Antibodies in Humans Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction Time Course of MERS-CoV Infection and Immunity in Dromedary Camels Rooting the phylogenetic tree of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African bat Co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS-CoVs in Saudi Arabia Structure of MERS-CoV spike receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4 MERS-CoV 4b protein interferes with the NF-kappaBdependent innate immune response during infection Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus accessory protein 4a is a type I interferon antagonist Transgene expression in the genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus based on a novel reverse genetics system utilizing Redmediated recombination cloning The limited number of human MERS cases in Africa would certainly favor the idea that MERS-CoV strains differ in virulence and transmissibility.
- keywords: acid; african; arabian; camels; clade; complete; coronavirus; cov; covs; detection; different; dromedaries; dromedary; east; herds; isiolo; kenyan; mers; middle; n =; peninsula; phylogenetic; receptor; respiratory; rna; samples; spike; strains; syndrome
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-343302-g9vcchrh
- author: Agrawal, Anurodh Shankar
- title: Passive Transfer of A Germline-like Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Transgenic Mice Against Lethal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection
- date: 2016-08-19
- words: 4820
- flesch: 39
- summary: The effect of m336 antibody treatment on the pulmonary pathology associated with MERS-CoV infection was evaluated by using formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded, and hematoxylin/eosin (H&E)-stained lung specimens harvested at day 2 p.i. We report in this study for the first time that treatment of Tg mice with a single-dose of m336 antibody prior to or after challenging with 1,000 LD 50 of MERS-CoV protected mice from the lethality in a dose-dependent manner, thereby representing the first antibody tested for its protective efficacy against lethal MERS-CoV infection.
- keywords: 4c2h; animal; antibodies; antibody; binding; challenge; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov; day; development; different; disease; dose; dpp4; east; efficacy; fig; group; high; human; infected; infection; lethal; log; loss; lung; m336; mab; mabs; mers; mice; middle; model; monoclonal; mortality; mouse; national; neutralizing; novel; post; potent; prophylactic; protection; protein; rbd; receptor; reduction; respiratory; results; rna; single; specific; spike; syndrome; tcid; therapeutic; titers; transgenic; treatment; viral; weight
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- cord-343317-97n1j0jj
- author: Duan, Xiaohua
- title: Identification of Drugs Blocking SARS-CoV-2 Infection using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Colonic Organoids
- date: 2020-05-02
- words: 3780
- flesch: 49
- summary: However, such transgenic animals fail to fully recapitulate the cellular phenotype and host response of human cells 11, 12 . Using disease-relevant normal colonic human cells, we screened 1280 FDA-approved compounds and identified MPA and QNHC, two drugs that can block the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells.
- keywords: ace2; acid; analysis; assay; cells; clusters; colonic; coronavirus; cos; cov-2; covid-19; data; disease; drugs; entry; expression; extended; fda; fig; function; genes; high; hpi; hpsc; human; immunostaining; infected; infection; krt20; luciferase; medium; mice; min; mpa; muc2; mycophenolic; organoids; overnight; package; patients; pbs; protein; pseudo; qnhc; relevant; respiratory; rna; sars; seq; seurat; single; stem; study; types; viral; virus; vivo; vsv
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- cord-343517-vf32wxkx
- author: Lokman, Syed Mohammad
- title: Exploring the genomic and proteomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: a computational biology approach
- date: 2020-04-11
- words: 2752
- flesch: 43
- summary: Based on the phylogenetic studies, the SARS-CoV-2 is categorized as a member of the genus Betacoronavirus, the same lineage that includes SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees Bootstrap confidence levels for phylogenetic trees Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes Structure validation by Calpha geometry: Phi, psi and Cbeta deviation Pymol: An open-source molecular graphics tool Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: a decade of structural studies A Parvovirus B19 synthetic genome: Sequence features and functional competence Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein reveal a prerequisite conformational state for receptor binding Long-term protection from SARS coronavirus infection conferred by a single immunization with an attenuated VSV-based vaccine Human monoclonal antibodies against highly conserved HR1 and HR2 domains of the SARS-CoV spike protein are more broadly neutralizing A truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: Implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor:
- keywords: acid; alignment; amino; analysis; available; bat; binding; cell; china; cleavage; coronavirus; cov-2; different; domain; entry; evolutionary; fig; functional; fusion; genome; genomic; glycoprotein; host; hr1; human; multiple; mutations; ncov; novel; pathogenesis; phylogenetic; protein; rbd; receptor; region; respiratory; role; sars; sequences; spike; structure; study; synonymous; unique; variants; variations; viral
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- cord-343528-5283jsnu
- author: Zhang, Zhao
- title: Evolutionary Dynamics of MERS-CoV: Potential Recombination, Positive Selection and Transmission
- date: 2016-05-04
- words: 4746
- flesch: 49
- summary: The initial 25% samples were discarded as burn-in, leaving 75% trees per run to produce the consensus tree Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group MERS coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in camels Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia Rooting the phylogenetic tree of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African bat MERS-related betacoronavirus in Vespertilio superans bats Characterization of a novel betacoronavirus related to middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in European hedgehogs Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Spread, circulation, and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bats, Saudi Arabia Hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus Molecular epidemiology of human coronavirus OC43 reveals evolution of different genotypes over time and recent emergence of a novel genotype due to natural recombination Isolation and characterization of a novel Betacoronavirus subgroup A coronavirus, rabbit coronavirus HKU14, from domestic rabbits Origin and Possible Genetic Recombination of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus from the First Imported Case in China: Phylogenetics and Coalescence Analysis Transmission and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Structure of MERS-CoV spike receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4 Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission Two Mutations were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus It is reasonable to speculate that MERS-CoV N protein under intensive selection because its functions were similar to those of SARS-CoV N protein.
- keywords: analysis; bat; branch; camel; clade; coronavirus; cov; covs; cross; different; domain; east; estimated; events; evolutionary; fig; genome; genomic; group; hedgehog; host; human; mcc; mers; middle; model; node; nucleotide; phylogenetic; positive; potential; protein; rate; receptor; recombinant; recombination; region; respiratory; selection; sequences; significant; sites; species; spike; strains; study; substitution; supplementary; syndrome; table; time; transmission; tree; type
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- cord-343827-jo61t3m0
- author: Qian, Qun
- title: Direct evidence of active SARS-CoV-2 replication in the intestine
- date: 2020-07-08
- words: 1319
- flesch: 38
- summary: Notably, coincidence with rectal tissues of surgical specimens tested nucleic acid positive for SARS-CoV-2, typical coronavirus virions in rectal tissue were observed under electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis and immunofluorescence were carried out on rectal tissues to evaluate the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 antigen, and immune cell infiltrations.
- keywords: clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; day; disease; evidence; fecal; infection; influenza; intestinal; mucosa; patient; pcr; presence; rectal; rna; samples; sars; sections; tissues; tract; transmission; viral; virions; wuhan
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- cord-344266-ug2uew71
- author: Crema, E.
- title: The SARS-COV-2 outbreak around the Amazon rainforest: the relevance of the airborne transmission
- date: 2020-08-07
- words: 3952
- flesch: 48
- summary: From a scientific point of view, this late change in positioning was the authorities' recognition that air transmission of SARS-COV-2 is an unquestionable fact. These two environments have high air humidity that allows viruses to survive much longer in droplets in suspension or deposited on surfaces.
- keywords: air; airborne; airborne transmission; august; author; authorities; brazil; contamination; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; distance; doi; droplets; drops; environments; funder; health; high; holder; humidity; important; influenza; license; medrxiv; meters; movement; number; pandemic; peer; perpetuity; person; preprint; relative; rest; review; sars; small; spread; states; time; transmission; version; virus; water
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- cord-344714-0cam9ipf
- author: Russo, Maria
- title: Roles of flavonoids against coronavirus infection
- date: 2020-07-28
- words: 8426
- flesch: 41
- summary: The effect of quercetin on different viruses Activity of some flavonoids against viruses Antiviral effect of flavonoids on human viruses Vanden Berghe, Can ethnopharmacology contribute to the development of antiviral drugs? Effects of propolis flavonoids on virus infectivity and replication An in vitro study of theaflavins extracted from black tea to neutralize bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus infections Antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds Small molecules blocking the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus into host cells Procyanidins and butanol extract of Cinnamomi Cortex inhibit SARS-CoV infection SARS--beginning to understand a new virus Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase products and characterization of papain-like protease activity Isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometric method for T4/T3 Binding interaction of quercetin-3-beta-galactoside and its synthetic derivatives with SARS-CoV 3CL(pro): structure-activity relationship studies reveal salient pharmacophore features Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition Flavonoid-mediated inhibition of SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease expressed in Pichia pastoris Phenolic phytochemical displaying SARS-CoV papain-like protease inhibition from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia Geranylated flavonoids displaying SARS-CoV papain-like protease inhibition from the fruits of Paulownia tomentosa Evaluation of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as coronavirus protease inhibitors Characteristics of flavonoids as potent MERS-CoV 3C-like protease inhibitors Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids Chalcones isolated from Angelica keiskei inhibit cysteine proteases of SARS-CoV Dissection and identification of regions required to form pseudoparticles by the interaction between the nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins of SARS coronavirus A facile inhibitor screening of SARS coronavirus N protein using nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide Development of chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus: viral helicase as a potential target NTPase/helicase by dihydroxychromone derivatives Synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 7-Oarylmethylquercetin derivatives against SARS-associated coronavirus (SCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13 Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment Chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): In terms of public health, the 21st century has been characterized by coronavirus pandemics: in 2002-03 the virus SARS-CoV caused SARS; in 2012 MERS-CoV emerged and in 2019 a new human betacoronavirus strain, called SARS-CoV-2, caused the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak.
- keywords: 3cl; 3cl pro; ace2; active; activity; affinity; agents; analysis; antiviral; approach; assay; authors; binding; bonds; capacity; catalytic; cells; china; cleavage; clinical; complex; compounds; concentration; conserved; coronavirus; cov; cov 3cl; cov-2; covid-19; cycle; dependent; derivatives; design; development; different; docking; domain; drugs; effect; encodes; entry; essential; fig; flavonoids; functional; furin; galactoside; genome; gln189; glu166; group; helicase; higher; host; human; hydrogen; hydrophobic; hydroxyl; infection; infectivity; inhibit; inhibition; inhibitory; interaction; interest; isolated; key; like; luteolin; membrane; mers; molecular; natural; new; novel; nsp13; pandemic; patients; pocket; potential; presence; present; pro; protease; protein; quercetin; rbd; rdrp; recent; receptor; replicase; replication; residues; respiratory; responsible; review; rna; role; sars; screening; severe; site; specific; spike; structural; studies; study; syndrome; table; target; terminal; therapeutic; tmprss2; treatment; type; viral; viruses
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- cord-345356-gn1iwis0
- author: Glebov, Oleg O.
- title: Understanding SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis for COVID‐19 drug repurposing
- date: 2020-06-02
- words: 3507
- flesch: 28
- summary: Taken together, the above evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may employ distinct endocytic pathways for cell entry in the upper and lower respiratory tract (Fig. 1) . The Authors Excitement around hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19 causes challenges for rheumatology Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors inhibit
- keywords: ace2; airway; alveolar; approach; authors; available; biology; caveolae; cell; clathrin; coronavirus; covid-19; culture; dependent; development; different; disease; drugs; dynamin; endocytic; endocytosis; entry; epithelial; evidence; example; expression; fig; host; human; infection; inhibitors; insight; investigation; key; lines; lower; lung; macropinocytosis; mechanism; membrane; model; multiple; nasal; novel; pathways; pneumocytes; potential; preliminary; protein; relevant; repurposing; research; respiratory; sars; sars‐cov‐2; severe; syndrome; therapeutic; tract; trafficking; upper; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-345371-pjbviagq
- author: Lisi, Lucia
- title: Approaching Coronavirus Disease 2019: mechanisms of action of repurposed drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-07-23
- words: 10674
- flesch: 18
- summary: Among them, the international Solidarity trial launched by the WHO on March 2020 with the aim to find an effective treatment for COVID-19 patients by comparing four different treatments (i.e., lopinavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon-β, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine or remdesivir) against standard of care (see also sections 2 and 3). Besides exerting potential direct antiviral effects, baricitinib might prevent the dysregulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines typically observed in COVID-19 patients via the inactivation of interleukin-6 (IL6)-JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway (this activity will be more deeply discussed in section 3, especially regarding the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib).
- keywords: able; ace2; activation; activity; acute; agents; anakinra; analysis; angiotensin; antiviral; ards; associated; azithromycin; baricitinib; benefit; binding; cardiovascular; care; case; cells; china; clinical; coagulation; cohort; combination; compassionate; complications; control; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokine; damage; data; days; dependent; different; disease; distress; dose; drugs; early; effective; effects; efficacy; endothelial; entry; enzyme; epithelial; failure; fibrinolytic; fingolimod; fusion; group; heart; heparin; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; icu; il6; ill; immune; improvement; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; injury; interaction; interferon; levels; like; lopinavir; low; lung; mechanisms; membrane; mers; mesenchymal; molecule; mortality; multiple; nafamostat; new; non; novel; number; oral; patients; pharmacological; pneumonia; polymerase; potential; production; protease; protein; pulmonary; randomized; receptor; related; release; remdesivir; replication; reported; respiratory; response; results; retrospective; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; safety; sars; sclerosis; severe; severe covid-19; single; small; storm; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; targeting; therapeutic; therapy; tocilizumab; transmission; treatment; trials; type; umifenovir; use; vegf; viral; viruses
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- cord-345381-9cckppk2
- author: Klimek, Ludger
- title: Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA)(A), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI)(B), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA)(C), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI)(D), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI)(E), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP)(F) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups(G), and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)(H)
- date: 2020-09-07
- words: 6158
- flesch: 34
- summary: Epub ahead of print SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan High IL-6/IFN-γ ratio could be associated with severe disease in COVID-19 patients The society for immunotherapy of cancer perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response Why judiciously timed anti-IL 6 therapy may be of benefit in severe COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 patients with a history of respiratory disease develop ARDS more frequently (58 vs. 42%; 14 vs. 11 patients; of these, 4 vs. 2 patients with asthma; n = 50) ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome.
- keywords: ace2; acute; adequate; allergic; allergologie; allergy; anti; antibodies; asthma; atopic; atopy; available; biologicals; bronchial; care; case; cells; characteristics; china; chronic; clinical; control; coronavirus; course; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 pandemic; current; cytokine; damage; data; dermatitis; disease; dupilumab; eaaci; early; effects; epub; evidence; fees; für; gesellschaft; glucocorticosteroids; ifn; ige; il-4; il-5; il-6; immune; immunological; indications; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; known; nasal; novartis; organ; pandemic; patients; personal; phase; possible; potential; print; reactions; recommendations; respiratory; response; rhinosinusitis; risk; sanofi; sars; self; severe; severe covid-19; situation; storm; study; syndrome; systemic; table; telemedical; therapy; thomas; treatment; type; type-2; und; urticaria; use; viral; wolfgang; work; wuhan; years
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- cord-345929-z7yfegr5
- author: Thakur, Suman S.
- title: Proteomics and Its Application in Pandemic Diseases
- date: 2020-11-06
- words: 1360
- flesch: 9
- summary: From Interaction-Based to Ribosomal Biology Impact on Disease and Risk Processes Molecular Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Rational Design of Potential Antiviral Agents: By using NMR spectroscopy, Loo et al. reported that inactivation by heat causes the degradation of lipoproteins and changes in various metabolic information in SARS-CoV-2-infected plasma samples.
- keywords: ace2; allosteric; analysis; approach; computational; cov-2; covid-19; detection; discovery; diseases; drug; human; infection; interaction; main; method; modeling; molecular; pandemic; patients; protease; protein; proteomics; quantitative; repurposing; rna; sars; silico; spike; studies; study; vaccine; virus
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- cord-346539-kxnrf5g5
- author: Riggioni, Carmen
- title: A compendium answering 150 questions on COVID‐19 and SARS‐CoV‐2
- date: 2020-06-14
- words: 15806
- flesch: 41
- summary: All rights reserved hypersensitivity reactions to drugs may occur more often during the pandemic due to the increased use of drugs and drug interactions, which can result in morbilliform rash, erythroderma, Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Effect of changing case definitions for COVID-19 on the epidemic curve and transmission parameters in mainland China: a modelling study Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19 Eleven faces of coronavirus disease 2019 The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Distribution of ACE2, CD147, cyclophilins, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in various human tissues and immune cells in health and disease SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses Distribution of ACE2, CD147, CD26 and other SARS-CoV-2 associated molecules in tissues and immune cells in health and in asthma, COPD, obesity, hypertension, and COVID-19 risk factors TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 Resistance to coronavirus infection in amino peptidase N-deficient pigs Mammalian Glutamyl Aminopeptidase Genes (ENPEP) and Proteins: Comparative Studies of a Major Contributor to Arterial Hypertension Emerging WuHan (COVID-19) coronavirus: glycan shield and structure prediction of spike glycoprotein and its interaction with human CD26 ACE1 polymorphism and progression of SARS Longitudinal profile of antibodies against SARS-coronavirus in SARS patients and their clinical significance Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA response in COVID-19 patients The Multifaceted B Cell Response in Allergen Immunotherapy COVID-19 Autopsies EAACI position paper on how to classify cutaneous manifestations of drug hypersensitivity Lung eosinophils-A novel virus sink that is defective in asthma? On the other hand, a retrospective study on SARS patients in Hong Kong suggested a better survival rate in patients treated with prednisolone for milder pneumonia or methylprednisolone in more severe cases.
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; addition; adults; ait; allergic; allergy; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; ards; article; associated; asthma; asthmatic; asymptomatic; atopic; available; azithromycin; barrier; bcg; care; cases; cd147; cd4; cells; change; characteristics; children; china; clinical; common; contact; control; convalescent; copyright; coronavirus; corticosteroids; countries; country; counts; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 pandemic; covid-19 patients; css; current; cytokine; data; date; days; deaths; dermatitis; detection; development; diagnosis; different; disease; distancing; dose; drug; dupilumab; early; effect; effective; eosinophil; epidemic; epithelial; evidence; example; exposure; expression; face; factor; features; fever; figure; gene; general; hand; health; healthcare; high; higher; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; iga; ill; illness; immune; immunity; impact; important; individuals; infected; infection; inflammation; inhibitors; initial; innate; international; isolation; levels; likely; low; lower; lung; lymphopenia; management; manifestations; measures; mechanisms; mers; mild; mortality; nasal; natural; need; negative; non; novel; number; obesity; observational; onset; outbreak; outcomes; pandemic; patients; pcr; phase; plasma; pneumonia; population; positive; possible; post; potential; primary; progression; protection; protein; randomized; receptor; reduction; related; remdesivir; research; reserved; respiratory; responses; results; review; rhinitis; rights; risk; rna; role; safety; samples; sars; seroconversion; serum; severe; severe covid-19; severity; shedding; single; skin; small; social; specific; spike; spread; studies; study; susceptibility; symptoms; syndrome; systemic; testing; tests; therapy; time; tmprss2; tocilizumab; tract; transmission; treatment; trials; type; unknown; use; vaccination; vaccine; viral; viruses; week; wuhan; years
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- cord-346777-zmmnn9b2
- author: Lester, Sandra
- title: Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) spike (S) protein vesicular stomatitis virus pseudoparticle neutralization assays offer a reliable alternative to the conventional neutralization assay in human seroepidemiological studies
- date: 2019-09-11
- words: 5378
- flesch: 38
- summary: The amino acids 736-761 of the MERS-CoV spike protein induce neutralizing antibodies: implications for the development of vaccines and antiviral agents Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses: challenges and pitfalls Generation of VSV pseudotypes using recombinant ΔG-VSV for studies on virus entry, identification of entry inhibitors, and immune responses to vaccines Retroviral vectors pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses Host cell entry of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein Novel functional hepatitis C virus glycoprotein isolates identified using an optimized viral pseudotype entry assay ChAdOx1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice Multiplex evaluation of influenza neutralizing antibodies with potential applicability to in-field serological studies Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors: one vector, many guises Comparison of serological assays in human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection Seroepidemiology for MERS coronavirus using microneutralisation and pseudoparticle virus neutralisation assays reveal a high prevalence of antibody in dromedary camels in Egypt Lack of MERS coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in humans, eastern Province, Saudi Arabia Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution Receptor variation and susceptibility to middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Proteolytic processing of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spikes expands virus tropism Adaptive evolution of MERS-CoV to species variation in DPP4 Inability of rat DPP4 to allow MERS-CoV infection revealed by using a VSV pseudotype bearing truncated MERS-CoV spike protein Development of a neutralization assay for Nipah virus using pseudotype particles The production and development of H7 influenza virus pseudotypes for the study of humoral responses against avian viruses Comparative serological assays for the study of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses Safe pseudovirusbased assay for neutralization antibodies against influenza A(H7N9) virus Bat origins of MERS-CoV supported by bat coronavirus HKU4 usage of human receptor CD26 Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus Evaluation of a novel vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype-based assay for detection of neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Transgene expression in the genome of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus based on a novel reverse genetics system utilizing red-mediated recombination cloning Cross-Reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from CDC LASSI 2016. Efficient packaging of MERS-CoV S on the surface of the VSV pseudoparticles and the ability of the pseudoparticles to enter target cells through receptor binding were confirmed by comparing the titrated inoculation of Vero and BHK-21 cells of negative control VSV pseudoparticles containing no viral glycoproteins on their surface (VSV-EV) with that for VSV pseudotyped with MERS-CoV-S proteins, designated VSV-MERS-S (Fig.
- keywords: activity; acute; alternative; antibodies; antibody; assay; average; bearing; cases; cells; comparison; confirmed; control; conventional; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; dilution; disease; east; endpoint; entry; fig; gene; high; human; infection; live; luciferase; mers; method; middle; mnt; negative; neutralization; neutralized; neutralizing; novel; patients; pnhs; positive; post; protein; pseudoparticles; pseudotype; receptor; reduction; respiratory; results; rlu; samples; sars; sera; serological; serum; severe; spike; studies; study; syndrome; test; titres; use; vero; viral; vsv
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- cord-346819-11fkgzaa
- author: Khan, Mohd Imran
- title: Comparative genome analysis of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from different geographical locations and the effect of mutations on major target proteins: An in silico insight
- date: 2020-09-03
- words: 4408
- flesch: 48
- summary: In this study, we have made an attempt to investigate the SARS-CoV-2 genome reported from 13 different countries, identification of mutations in major coronavirus proteins of these different SARS-CoV-2 genomes and compared with SARS-CoV. These thirteen complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed high identity (>99%) to each other, while they shared 82% identity with SARS-CoV. Here, we performed a very systematic mutational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes from different geographical locations, which enabled us to identify numerous unique features of this viral genome. The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) structure: basis for design of anti-SARS drugs Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL (pro)) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates Structure of M(pro) from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Insight into the effect of inhibitor resistant S130G mutant on physico-chemical properties of SHV type beta-lactamase: a molecular dynamics study Comparative analysis of complete genome sequences of three avian coronaviruses reveals a novel group 3c coronavirus Identification of a novel coronavirus from a beluga whale by using a panviral microarray Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis COVID-2019: The role of the nsp2 and nsp3 in its pathogenesis The establishment of reference sequence for SARS-CoV-2 and variation analysis Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine The spike protein of SARS-CoV-a target for vaccine and therapeutic development Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a functional receptor for SARS coronavirus Can one predict protein stability?
- keywords: acid; active; acute; amino; analysis; binding; catalytic; changes; comparative; complete; conserved; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; different; domain; dynamics; effect; fig; genome; geographical; host; important; indian; inhibitor; interaction; isolates; korea; like; locations; major; molecular; mpro; mutant; mutation; novel; nucleocapsid; orf; polyprotein; protein; r60c; rbd; receptor; replicase; replication; respiratory; responsible; rna; sars; sequences; severe; silico; site; south; species; spike; stability; structure; study; syndrome; table; viral; viruses
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- cord-346960-3empldlo
- author: Plebani, M.
- title: Analytical and clinical performances of five immunoassays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in comparison with neutralization activity
- date: 2020-08-04
- words: 2289
- flesch: 39
- summary: CLSI EP15-A3 Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Clinical evaluation of serological IgG antibody response on the Abbott Architect for established SARS-CoV-2 infection Clinical performance of different SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody tests Shortened title: SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody test performance Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay results were available for All rights reserved.
- keywords: analytical; anti; antibodies; antibody; assays; august; author; clinical; copyright; cov-2; covid-19; funder; holder; igg; immunoassays; license; medrxiv; negative; neutralization; peer; performances; permission; perpetuity; precision; preprint; results; reuse; review; rights; samples; sars; total; version
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-346987-fbqqf00i
- author: Guo, Yongwen
- title: Controls of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in orthodontic practice
- date: 2020-06-05
- words: 4679
- flesch: 38
- summary: Since there may still be asymptomatic patients or patients in the incubation period after resumption of regular activities and a large number of orthodontic patients from a wide spread distribution in need of orthodontic return-visits, all procedures related to the orthodontic practice should be strictly performed with preventive measures to control the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2. A study from Jordan found that although most Jordanian dentists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, infection control and measures in dental clinic, they had limited knowledge of the extra precautionary measures that are essential to protect the dental staffs and other patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- keywords: addition; aerosols; air; appliances; areas; blood; china; chlorine; close; contact; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; dental; disease; disinfection; droplets; effective; emergency; equipment; handpieces; health; high; increase; infection; measures; medical; mouth; ncov; novel; oral; orthodontic; pandemic; patients; period; pneumonia; potential; practice; prevention; procedures; protective; removal; respiratory; return; risk; routes; saliva; sars; scanning; speed; spread; staffs; surfaces; syringes; transmission; treatment; use; visit; way; wear
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- cord-347351-emdj66vj
- author: Kampf, Günter
- title: Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-09-18
- words: 10293
- flesch: 41
- summary: [Chinese journal of preventive medicine Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases Familial cluster of COVID-19 infection from an asymptomatic Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic and Human-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 2-Family Cluster Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19 The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate COVID-19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment. Table III summarizes the frequency and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA loads in respiratory tract samples obtained from COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: acute; air; airborne; asymptomatic; blood; care; carriers; cases; cats; children; china; clinical; close; cluster; cohort; confirmed; conjunctival; contacts; contaminated; contamination; control; copies; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; culture; data; days; detection; disease; disinfection; droplets; effect; environmental; equipment; evidence; family; general; gloves; hand; healthcare; high; hospital; household; human; humidity; inanimate; infected; infectious; influenza; isolation; large; likely; load; log10; long; low; mask; measures; negative; novel; ocular; official; outbreak; particles; patients; pcr; physical; population; positive; possible; potential; prevention; proportion; protective; public; publication; rate; respiratory; results; review; risk; rna; role; rooms; samples; sars; secretions; settings; severe; society; specimens; spread; studies; study; surfaces; surgical; swab; symptoms; syndrome; table; temperature; time; total; tract; transmission; urine; use; viral; viral rna; workers; wuhan
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- cord-347460-9vechh4x
- author: Chang, Feng-Yee
- title: Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- date: 2020-06-04
- words: 8058
- flesch: 38
- summary: Effect of interferon alpha and cyclosporine treatment separately and in combination on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in a human in-vitro and ex-vivo culture model Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants Experience of using convalescent plasma for severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers in a Taiwan hospital Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 Immune evasion of porcine enteric coronaviruses and viral modulation of antiviral innate signaling Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirusencoded ORF8b strongly antagonizes IFN-beta promoter activation: its implication for vaccine design Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and antiinflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) It is interesting to note that higher levels of IL-1, IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-8, and CXCL9, in addition to the cytokines and chemokines mentioned above, were also observed in SARS patients with severe diseases.
- keywords: acid; acute; addition; ade; agents; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; available; binding; cases; cause; cells; chemokines; clinical; common; components; control; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; damage; days; dendritic; dengue; development; diagnosis; disease; early; east; entry; epidemic; epidemiological; evidence; example; factors; fatality; high; host; human; ifn; igg; il-6; immune; individuals; infected; infection; influenza; information; innate; interferon; levels; like; lungs; macrophages; mers; mhc; middle; monoclonal; neutralizing; new; novel; nucleic; number; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenic; patients; plasma; platforms; pneumonia; potential; prevention; production; proinflammatory; protein; rapid; rate; receptor; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; rna; safety; sars; serum; severe; severity; specific; storm; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; test; therapeutic; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; viruses; years
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- cord-347706-r0rs3ls1
- author: Roberts, Anjeanette
- title: Animal Models for Sars
- date: 2006
- words: 3018
- flesch: 32
- summary: Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Mice susceptible to SARS coronavirus Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Resolution of primary severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection requires Stat1 Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice Neutralizing antibody and protective immunity to SARS coronavirus infection of mice induced by a soluble recombinant polypeptide containing an Nterminal segment of the spike glycoprotein Rapid and efficient isolation of human monoclonal antibodies neutralizing SARS coronavirus from human memory B cells A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Development and characterization of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that provides effective immunoprophylaxis in mice Long-term protection from SARS coronavirus infection conferred by a single immunization with an attenuated VSV-based Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity and virus burden in golden syrian hamsters Civets are equally susceptible to experimental infection by two different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus isolates Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in Southern China Macaque model for severe acute respiratory syndrome Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques An animal model of SARS produced by infection of Macaca mulatta with SARS coronavirus Pneumonitis and multi-organ system disease in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus Although the etiologic agent was rapidly identified to be a previously unknown coronavirus (named SARS coronavirus or SARS-CoV) and the outbreak was controlled by public health measures, no specific options were available for prevention and control of human disease.
- keywords: acute; alveolar; animal; antibody; balb; cats; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov; day; days; disease; efficacy; ferrets; histopathologic; human; illness; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; interstitial; lungs; mice; models; monkeys; neutralizing; old; pathology; pneumonitis; postinfection; replication; respiratory; sars; severe; syndrome; tcid; titer; tract; viral; virus
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- cord-347734-0z2kin6r
- author: Armann, J. P.
- title: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in adolescent students and their teachers in Saxony, Germany (SchoolCoviDD19): very low seropraevalence and transmission rates
- date: 2020-07-17
- words: 2294
- flesch: 42
- summary: Soziales und Gesellschaftlichen Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in children A probabilistic transmission dynamic model to assess indoor airborne infection risks School closure during novel influenza: A systematic review The effects of school closures on influenza outbreaks and pandemics: systematic review of simulation studies Evidence compendium and advice on social distancing and other related measures for response to an influenza pandemic Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study. All samples with a positive or equivocal LIAISON® test result, as well as all samples from participants with a reported personal or household history of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, were re-tested with two additional serological tests: These were a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) intended for the qualitative detection of IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 (Abbott Diagnostics® ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG )
- keywords: antibodies; cases; children; closures; cov-2; covid-19; data; equivocal; germany; household; igg; low; number; pandemic; participants; population; positive; preprint; prevalence; results; role; samples; sars; saxony; school; students; study; teachers; test; transmission
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- cord-347767-aq9niccc
- author: Zhao, Jie
- title: Yidu-toxicity blocking lung decoction ameliorates inflammation in severe pneumonia of SARS-COV-2 patients with Yidu-toxicity blocking lung syndrome by eliminating IL-6 and TNF-a
- date: 2020-06-19
- words: 3543
- flesch: 39
- summary: IL-6 is multifunctional cytokine in lungs, is produced from epithelial cells, interstitial fibroblasts, macrophages and other inflammatory cells in response to a variety of stimuli that include allergens, respiratory viruses, exercise, environmental particles, and inhaled toxic particles [23, 29, 30] . As the value of IL6 was not normal J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f distribution, we try to calculate the Lg (IL-6) and Lg (IL-6+1) to convert IL-6 value to normal distribution, and then did Pearson analysis between the converted value and CD4, however the results still do not indicate that there was a significant correlation(P=0.864,P=0.935).The results were different from the pathological findings of COVID-19 patient, which showed that the counts of peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells were substantially reduced, while their status was hyperactivated, as evidenced by the high proportions of HLA-DR (CD4 3·47%) and CD38 (CD8 39·4%) double-positive fractions.
- keywords: agents; analysis; blocking; blocking lung; blood; cases; cd4; cd8; cells; chinese; clinical; coronavirus; counts; cov-2; covid-19; crp; cure; cytokine; decoction; differences; disease; group; icw; il-6; immune; inflammation; inflammatory; levels; lung; lymphocyte; medicine; national; normal; novel; patients; peripheral; pneumonia; release; results; sars; semen; severe; significant; statistical; study; syndrome; table; test; therapy; tnf; toxicity; treatment; value; western; white; yidu
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- cord-348192-ibohbjfb
- author: Odih, Erkison E.
- title: Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?
- date: 2020-06-09
- words: 2678
- flesch: 36
- summary: On the other hand, it is possible that only very high counts of SARS-CoV-2 would yield orally infectious doses. The ecological dynamics of fecal contamination and Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in municipal Kathmandu drinking water The impact of combined sewage overflows on the viral contamination of receiving waters Slum health: arresting COVID-19 and improving well-being in urban informal settlements Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Environmental transmission of SARS at amoy gardens Leveraging Africa's preparedness towards the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach Letter to the editor: wastewater-based epidemiology can overcome representativeness and stigma issues related to COVID-19 The moment to see the poor Impact of rotavirus vaccination varies by level of access to piped water and sewerage: an analysis of childhood clinic visits for diarrhea in Peru SANITATION SHORTFALLS RISK SARS-CoV-2 FECO-ORAL TRANSMISSION
- keywords: african; areas; asian; case; contaminated; countries; cov-2; covid-19; disease; drinking; enteric; environmental; evidence; facilities; fecal; feco; high; household; human; infected; matter; nigeria; oral; outbreaks; pandemic; pathogens; patients; possible; potential; respiratory; review; risk; rna; sanitation; sars; settings; sewage; stool; surveillance; transmission; treatment; urban; viral; virus; wastewater; water
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- cord-348301-bk80pps9
- author: Wahl, Angela
- title: Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Highly Cytopathic, Elicits a Robust Innate Immune Response and is Efficiently Prevented by EIDD-2801
- date: 2020-09-24
- words: 4298
- flesch: 38
- summary: Consistent with previous reports in human airway epithelial cell cultures and portmortem lung samples 26,28 , virions produced by human lung cells were pleomorphic in size (69 to 112 nm) and shape. LoM are constructed by subcutaneous implantation of a small piece of human lung tissue into the back of immune de cient mice (Fig. 1a) .
- keywords: acute; adaptation; airway; alveolar; analysis; antigen; bats; cells; ciently; coronaviruses; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; days; eidd-2801; electron; epithelial; exposure; expression; extended; fig; host; human; human lung; immune; infected; infection; like; lom; lung; lung tissue; manuscript; mers; mice; microscopy; nucleoprotein; p=0.0010; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; platform; pneumocytes; post; potential; present; prophylactic; receptor; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; robust; sars; shc014; study; supplementary; syndrome; table; tissue; titers; transmission; type; viral; vivo; wiv1
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- cord-348384-8cvt1fo6
- author: Butsashvili, M.
- title: Knowledge of novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) among a Georgian population
- date: 2020-05-19
- words: 1988
- flesch: 50
- summary: Regarding preparations, we asked have you stocked up on food for current situation related to coronavirus epidemic? The majority of survey respondents correctly identified the transmission route and symptoms of the new coronavirus (96.9% and 98.0%, respectively).
- keywords: available; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; epidemic; georgian; hcws; health; information; knowledge; license; medrxiv; participants; perpetuity; population; preprint; respondents; review; sars; study; survey; transmission
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- cord-348696-86nbwon2
- author: Güemes-Villahoz, Noemi
- title: Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review
- date: 2020-08-18
- words: 4203
- flesch: 37
- summary: Gene Rep Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface Risk factors for SARS transmission from patients requiring intubation: a multicentre investigation in Toronto -nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease Characteristics of ocular findings of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in tears and conjunctival secretions of COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis Ocular screening in severe acute respiratory syndrome Blood-retinal barrier breakdown in experimental coronavirus retinopathy: association with viral antigen, inflammation, and VEGF in sensitive and resistant strains The role of apoptosis within the retina of coronavirus-infected mice COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues Expression analysis of 2019-nCoV related ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in eye tissues Angiotensin II and its receptor subtypes in the human retina Mechanism of the action between the SARS-CoV S240 protein and the ACE2 receptor in eyes Immune defense at the ocular surface Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans Viral antibodies in normal tears The ocular surface and the coronavirus disease 2019: does a dual 'ocular route' exist? Evaluation of ocular symptoms and tropism of SARS-CoV-2 Ophthalmologic evidence against the interpersonal transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus through conjunctiva. The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same betacoronavirus family as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which were responsible for the outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and 2012, respectively [1, 2] .
- keywords: ace2; aerosol; article; authors; better; clinical; conjunctival; conjunctivitis; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; disease; evidence; eye; generation; human; infected; infection; limited; negative; novel; ocular; ophthalmic; ophthalmological; ophthalmology; pandemic; patients; pcr; person; phacoemulsification; positive; potential; presence; procedures; protective; recent; receptors; respiratory; results; risk; rna; role; route; sample; sars; secretions; severe; spread; studies; study; surface; surgery; swab; syndrome; tears; tissues; transmission; use; viral; virus
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- cord-348821-2u6ki9dv
- author: Xu, Ping
- title: Clinical Characteristics of Two Human to Human Transmitted Coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 versus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- date: 2020-03-10
- words: 3334
- flesch: 43
- summary: The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health -the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Characteristics and outcome of viral pneumonia caused by influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus infections: A 4-year experience from a tertiary care center Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Emerging Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Pneumonia Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia Clinical predictors of mortality of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: A cohort study Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study Epidemiological status of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2019: an update from Clinical outcomes among hospital patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection Estimating survival rates in MERS-CoV patients 14 and 45 days after experiencing symptoms and determining the differences in survival rates by demographic data, disease characteristics and regions: a worldwide study Mortality rate of ICU patients with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome -Coronavirus infection at King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Critically ill healthcare workers with the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS): A multicenter study Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea, 2015: epidemiology, characteristics and public health implications Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics of Spreaders of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus during the 2015 Outbreak in Korea Neurological Complications during Treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome A Comparative Study of Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Adverse Outcome in Patients Hospitalised with Acute Respiratory Disease Due to MERS Coronavirus or Other Causes Characteristics and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Acute Management and Long-Term Survival Among Subjects With Severe Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Pneumonia and ARDS Patient characteristics infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in a tertiary hospital Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in the Republic of Korea MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah--a link to health care facilities Renal Complications and Their Prognosis in Korean Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus from the Central MERS-CoV Designated Hospital Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. key: cord-348821-2u6ki9dv authors: Xu, Ping; Sun, Guo-Dong; Li, Zhi-Zhong title: Clinical Characteristics of Two Human to Human Transmitted Coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 versus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- keywords: 2019; acute; author; available; characteristics; clinical; copyright; coronavirus; cov; covid-19; disease; doi; east; funder; holder; infection; international; license; medrxiv; medrxiv preprint; mers; middle; novel; outcomes; patients; peer; perpetuity; pneumonia; population; preprint; rate; respiratory; review; studies; study; syndrome
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- cord-348899-vynk8q8c
- author: Jo, Seri
- title: Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids
- date: 2019-11-14
- words: 4012
- flesch: 50
- summary: The citrus flavanone naringenin impairs dengue virus replication in human cells Inhibitory activity of cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives and flavonoids of fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), towards dengue-2 virus NS3 protease Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections Characterization of SARS main protease and inhibitor assay using a fluorogenic substrate Prediction and biochemical analysis of putative cleavage sites of the 3C-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Spectroscopic investigation of interaction between mangiferin and bovine serum albumin Novel procedure for modeling ligand/receptor induced fit effects A hierarchical approach to all-atom protein loop prediction Extra precision glide: docking and scoring incorporating a model of hydrophobic enclosure for protein-ligand complexes Aggregating behavior of phenolic compounds-a source of false bioassay results? key: cord-348899-vynk8q8c authors: Jo, Seri; Kim, Suwon; Shin, Dong Hae; Kim, Mi-Sun title: Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids date: 2019-11-14 journal: J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1690480 sha: doc_id: 348899 cord_uid: vynk8q8c There were severe panics caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus.
- keywords: 3clpro; activity; affinity; analysis; assay; binding; catalytic; cell; compounds; concentration; coronavirus; cov; cov 3clpro; covs; culture; docking; domain; emission; excitation; figure; fit; flavonoids; fluorescence; glide; group; herbacetin; high; hydrogen; hydroxyl; inhibition; inhibitory; intensity; kaempferol; library; ligand; like; method; molecular; pectolinarin; presence; protease; protein; proteolytic; respiratory; rhoifolin; sars; site; structures; study; substrate; syndrome; triton; tryptophan; x-100
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- cord-349117-xfir3m5p
- author: Hyseni, Inesa
- title: Characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 Lentiviral Pseudotypes and Correlation between Pseudotype-Based Neutralisation Assays and Live Virus-Based Micro Neutralisation Assays
- date: 2020-09-10
- words: 8326
- flesch: 46
- summary: SARS CoV-2 strain 2019-nCov/Italy wild-type virus (LV), which was handled in a level 3 bio-containment facility (BSL 3), was used as positive control in order to evaluate the spike glycoprotein expression, while a ∆-envelope pseudotype, prepared with the same procedure, was used as a negative control. SARS CoV-2 strain 2019-nCov/Italy wild-type virus (LV), which was handled in a level 3 biocontainment facility (BSL 3), was used as positive control in order to evaluate the spike glycoprotein expression, while a Δ-envelope pseudotype, prepared with the same procedure, was used as a negative control.
- keywords: ace2; activity; agreement; analysis; antibodies; antibody; assays; cell; control; coronavirus; cov-2; data; differences; different; distribution; divergence; elisa; entry; envelope; evaluation; expression; figure; functional; gag; glycoprotein; hek; high; human; infection; italy; kda; lentiviral; linear; lines; live; log2; means; mnt; negative; neutralisation; neutralising; nkld; observed; order; p24; panel; plasmid; plates; pnt; positive; presence; production; protein; pseudotypes; receptor; regression; responses; results; rlus; samples; sars; sera; serological; serum; significant; spike; studies; study; table; test; testing; titres; tmprss2; values; vector; vero; virus; viruses; vsv; wild
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- cord-349262-gnqbyc6t
- author: Hemida, Maged Gomaa
- title: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the breath of some infected dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
- date: 2020-10-14
- words: 3174
- flesch: 58
- summary: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) neutralising antibodies in a high-risk human population Comparative serological study for the prevalence of anti-MERS coronavirus antibodies in high-and low-risk groups in Qatar Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus during pregnancy Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus Detection of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus genome in an air sample originating from a camel barn owned by an infected patient Longitudinal study of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Africa and Middle East Genetic evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov) and widespread seroprevalence among camels in Kenya Prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Abu Dhabi Emirate MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface: inputs on exposure pathways from an expert-opinion elicitation Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the one health concept Dromedary camels and the transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) The viral RNAs were extracted from paired swabs and breath samples collected from dromedary camels using the Qiagen viral RNA (RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) extraction kit, according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- keywords: air; animals; april; breath; breath samples; camels; collected; coronavirus; cov; detection; dromedary; dromedary camels; east; herd; high; human; infected; infection; march; mers; middle; molecular; nasal; nasal swabs; pcr; positive; reported; respiratory; results; rnas; samples; sampling; sequences; shedding; study; swabs; syndrome; table; time; transmission; viral; virus
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- cord-349643-jtx7ni9b
- author: Uyeki, Timothy M.
- title: Development of Medical Countermeasures to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
- date: 2016-07-17
- words: 4808
- flesch: 14
- summary: Interferon alfa-n3 for the treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome Systematic review of treatment effects Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430 Evaluation of SSYA10-001 as a replication inhibitor of SARS, MHV and MERS coronaviruses Anti-infective immunoadhesins from plants Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor against MERS-CoV infection Assessing activity and inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like and 3C-like proteases using luciferase-based biosensors Anti-MERS-COV convalescent plasma therapy Cows with human chromosomes enlisted to fight hantavirus Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution A conformationdependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in MERS-CoV spike protein Inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection by anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 Development of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies for prevention and therapy of MERS-CoV infections Human polyclonal immunoglobulin G from transchromosomic bovines inhibits MERS-CoV in vivo Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates Phase I, open label dose ranging safety study of GLS-5300 in healthy volunteers Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein delivered by modified vaccinia virus Ankara efficiently induces virus-neutralizing antibodies Protective efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara delivering Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV Engineering a replication-competent, propagation-defective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a vaccine candidate Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Evaluation of serologic and antigenic relationships between Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other coronaviruses to develop vaccine platforms for the rapid response to emerging coronaviruses Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus Camels emit dangerous MERS virus, CSU confirms MERS surges again, but pandemic jitters ease Immunogenicity of an adenoviral-based Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine in BALB/c mice MERS-CoV in upper respiratory tract and lungs of dromedary camels MERS coronavirus in dromedary camel herd, Saudi Arabia Time course of MERS-CoV infection and immunity in dromedary camels High proportion of MERS-CoV shedding dromedaries at slaughterhouse with a potential epidemiological link to human cases An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of a fatal case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in United Arab Emirates Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus efficiently infects human primary T lymphocytes and activates the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium. In addition, the risk for antibody-dependent enhancement of disease may interrupt the timeline for conducting human clinical trials of MERS CoV vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
- keywords: activity; acute; animal; antibodies; antibody; arabia; availability; available; camels; candidate; cases; challenge; clinical; coronavirus; countermeasures; cov; data; development; disease; dromedaries; drugs; east; east respiratory; efficacy; emergency; evaluation; fda; health; human; infected; infection; investigational; lack; limited; marmosets; medical; mers; middle; middle east; models; monoclonal; neutralizing; new; patients; potential; preclinical; protein; public; research; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; risk; sars; saudi; severe; shedding; small; specimens; spike; states; studies; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; table; test; therapeutic; transmission; treatment; trials; understanding; united; use; vaccination; vaccines; viral
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- cord-349659-6drnriun
- author: Grant, Benjamin D.
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Antigen-Detecting Half-Strip Lateral Flow Assay Toward the Development of Point of Care Tests Using Commercially Available Reagents
- date: 2020-07-01
- words: 3209
- flesch: 49
- summary: Interestingly, a detection limit of 50 pg/mL in an ELISA system was shown in 2004 for SARS-CoV-1 to permit positive rates of N protein detection in sera collected at 1−5, 6−10, 11−15, and 16−20 days after the onset of symptoms for 414 samples from 298 serologically confirmed patients of 92.9, 69.8, 36.4, and 21.1%, respectively. And, previous work on SARS-CoV-1 from 2004 and 2005 in serum showed promising results in an ELISA format.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; available; blocking; borate; buffer; care; casein; clinical; conjugate; control; cov-2; covid-19; curve; detecting; detection; development; diagnostic; half; latex; lfa; lfas; limit; line; lod; nitrocellulose; nucleocapsid; pandemic; pcr; point; protein; reader; response; sample; sars; sensitivity; serology; sigma; specificity; strip; test; testing; u.s.a; useful; work
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- cord-349682-kpg0vley
- author: Ojha, Probir Kumar
- title: Therapeutics for COVID-19: from computation to practices—where we are, where we are heading to
- date: 2020-09-02
- words: 7951
- flesch: 40
- summary: Repurposing drugs against main protease of SARS-CoV-2: mechanism based insights supported by available laboratory and clinical data Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV2 main protease via a rapid in-silico drug repurposing approach In silico screening of Chinese herbalmedicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods Predicting commercially available antiviral drugs that may act on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) through a drug-target interaction deep learning model Computational search for potential COVID-19 drugs from FDA-approved drugs and small molecules of natural origin identifies several anti-virals and plant products Identification of SARS-CoV2 cell entry inhibitors by drug repurposing using in silico structure-based virtual screening approach Prediction of the SARS-CoV2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL pro ) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates Comparative computational study of SARS-CoV2 receptors antagonists from already approved drugs Investigation into SARS-CoV-2 resistance of compounds in garlic essential oil In-silico studies of antimalarialagent artemisinin and derivatives portray more potent binding to Lys353 and Lys31-binding hotspots of SARS-CoV2 spike protein than hydroxychloroquine: potential repurposing of artenimol for COVID-19 Structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV2 infection Destabilizing the structural integrity of SARS-CoV2 receptor proteins by curcumin along with hydroxychloroquine: an insilco approach for a combination therapy Identification of potential molecules against COVID-19 main protease through structure-guided virtual screening approach Development of a simple, interpretable and easily transferable QSAR model for quick screening antiviral databases in search of novel 3Clike protease (3CLpro) enzyme inhibitors against SARS-CoV diseases Computational screening for potential drug candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease Consensus virtual screening of dark chemical matter and food chemicals uncover potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease Protein reliability analysis and virtual screening of natural inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) through docking, molecular mechanic & dynamic, and ADMET Profiling. Table 1 Drug candidates under trial against COVID-19 with probable targets, mechanism of action, pathophysiology, application and current status [11, 12, 14, 30, 40, 43, 45, 53, 55, Drug candidates under trial The SARS-CoV-2 uses the S protein to facilitate viral entry into the host cells.
- keywords: ace2; acid; action; activity; acute; analysis; angiotensin; animal; antibodies; antiviral; associated; available; binding; candidates; cases; cell; china; chloroquine; clinical; clq; combination; complex; compounds; computational; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; cov2; covid-19; data; design; development; different; discovery; disease; docking; drug; effective; entry; enzyme; essential; fda; fig; fusion; future; glycoprotein; hcq; health; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; influenza; inhibitors; interaction; like; lopinavir; main; mechanism; membrane; mers; modeling; molecular; monoclonal; mouse; ncov; new; novel; pandemic; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; possible; potential; probable; protease; protein; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; repurposing; research; respiratory; responsible; ritonavir; rna; safety; sars; screening; sequence; severe; silico; small; specific; spike; structural; studies; study; table; targets; therapeutic; therapy; time; transmission; treatment; trial; vaccine; viral; virtual; world
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- cord-350015-mg5wiihj
- author: Chen, Yiyin
- title: Aging in COVID-19: Vulnerability, immunity and intervention
- date: 2020-10-31
- words: 7507
- flesch: 33
- summary: It remains to be seen whether this provides any protection against COVID-19 Grifoni et al., 2020; Mateus et al., 2020; Sette and Crotty, 2020) . Studies aimed at defining factors that impact the quality and titer of antibody, including SARS-CoV-2 neutralization reveal that older age, male sex, and hospitalization with severe COVID-19 are all factors that contribute to greater antiviral antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 . Cell-mediated immune response: Clinical observations have revealed significant lymphopenia and increased neutrophil counts in severe COVID-19 disease and, therefore, lymphopenia and high neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are considered as useful predictors for COVID-19 death whereas high lymphocyte counts predict better clinical outcomes (Chen et al., 2020c; Lagunas-Rangel and Chavez-Valencia, 2020; Qin et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020a; Zhou et al., 2020a) .
- keywords: ace2; activation; acute; addition; adults; age; aging; analysis; angiotensin; antibody; associated; asymptomatic; available; cases; cause; cd4; cd8; cell; cellular; cfr; challenges; children; china; clinical; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; death; development; disease; entry; et al; example; factors; fig; health; higher; host; human; hypothesis; il-6; immune; immunity; immunological; immunopathology; immunosenescence; impact; important; infection; inflammatory; influenza; key; lymphopenia; mechanisms; memory; new; novel; observed; older; ongoing; outbreak; outcomes; pandemic; pathogenesis; patients; plasma; pneumonia; population; potential; present; progression; protection; protein; r n; receptor; respiratory; responses; results; review; risk; role; sars; severe; severe covid-19; severity; significant; specific; spread; storm; studies; study; syndrome; system; therapy; time; treatment; trials; type; vaccination; vaccine; viral; vulnerability; wuhan; years
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- cord-350352-wgppovfx
- author: Temmam, Sarah
- title: Absence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats and dogs in close contact with a cluster of COVID-19 patients in a veterinary campus
- date: 2020-08-29
- words: 2472
- flesch: 43
- summary: We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of domestic cats (n = 9) and dogs (n = 12) living in close contact with a cluster of French veterinary students, their owners (n = 18), whose median age was 23 years (21-28 years). Predicting species susceptibility to Covid-19 Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Domestic Cats SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing serum antibodies in cats: a serological investigation Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibodies in Pets in Wuhan Serological survey of SARS-CoV-2 for experimental, domestic, companion and wild animals excludes intermediate hosts of 35 different species of animals SARS-CoV-2 Natural Transmission from Human to Cat First Reported Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Companion Animals First detection and genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in an infected cat in France Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy Legend to Figure 1: LIPS assay targeting antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats and dogs in close contact with a cluster of COVID-19 patients = 21); from pets sampled before the epidemic (pets pre-epidemic, n = 62) were tested for the presence of antibodies directed to S1 (left panel) and the C-term (residues 233-419) part of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (right panel), using a luciferase immunoprecipitation system assay (LIPS).
- keywords: animals; antibodies; assay; case; cats; close; cluster; contact; cov-2; covid-19; dogs; domestic; epidemic; ferrets; health; human; infected; infection; march; owners; pandemic; patients; pets; positive; respiratory; sampling; sars; species; students; study; susceptibility; transmission; veterinary; virus; years
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- cord-350451-lf27iuwk
- author: Benedetti, Francesca
- title: SARS‐CoV‐2: March toward adaptation
- date: 2020-07-11
- words: 1218
- flesch: 29
- summary: Why are RNA virus mutation rates so damn high? Viruses at the edge of adaptation Quasispecies theory in virology RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival -polymerases of coronaviruses: structure, function, and inhibitors. 9,10 Biological characterization of viral mutations provide precious insights for assessing viral drug resistance, immune escape, and pathogenesis-related mechanisms.
- keywords: acute; adaptation; analysis; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; different; early; evolution; factors; genetic; genomic; human; mers; mutation; new; novel; patients; polymerase; rates; replication; respiratory; rna; sars; severe; spread; syndrome; viral; viruses
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- cord-350505-uh8r2vyz
- author: Kalantar-Zadeh, Kourosh
- title: Considering the Effects of Microbiome and Diet on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Nanotechnology Roles
- date: 2020-05-01
- words: 2346
- flesch: 30
- summary: 5 Interestingly, these cohorts tend to have less diverse gut microbiomes. There are signs that may connect gut functionality and microbiome responses to SARS-CoV-2.
- keywords: abundance; approach; bacteria; beneficial; butyrate; cells; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; dietary; different; direct; disease; diverse; effective; effects; elderly; fiber; foods; gut; health; impact; infection; inflammatory; intestinal; microbiome; nanotechnology; novel; patients; prevotella; production; response; sars; severity; species; therapeutic; type; viral; viruses
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- cord-350557-7i7122zi
- author: Rawlings, Stephen A
- title: No Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Seminal Shedding Despite SARS-CoV-2 Persistence in the Upper Respiratory Tract
- date: 2020-08-07
- words: 1756
- flesch: 49
- summary: All 6 semen samples were negative for SARS CoV-2 (≤0.03 copies/µL), while SARS-CoV-2 was still detected in all saliva samples (6 participants) and all research nasal swabs (3 participants). Paired saliva and semen samples were collected a mean of 12 days (6-17 days) after the onset of symptoms, and ddPCR was performed to quantify the SARS-CoV-2 level in all samples.
- keywords: ace2; authors; clinical; conflicts; coronavirus; data; days; droplet; infection; nasal; ncov; number; onset; participants; pcr; presence; respiratory; rna; saliva; samples; sars; semen; seminal; shedding; study; swab; symptoms; tract; viral; virus
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- cord-350737-nrtrhq1f
- author: Chen, Xinchun
- title: Serology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Implications for Surveillance and Outcome
- date: 2004-04-01
- words: 3484
- flesch: 42
- summary: A virus from the family Coronaviridae, termed SARS coronavirus (SARS CoV), has been identified as the cause [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] , and criteria for laboratory confirmation of SARS CoV infection have been provided by WHO, on the basis of the following methods: (1) detection of SARS CoV RNA by reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); (2) serological detection of SARS CoV-related antibody; and (3) isolation of SARS CoV by cell culture [4] . Of 48 patients with suspected SARS CoV infection, 3 (6.3%) were positive for IgG antibody to SARS CoV and 2 (4.2%) were positive for IgM antibody to SARS CoV. SARS CoV sequence published by GenBank (accession numbers gi29826276, gi30027610, and gi30027610).
- keywords: acute; antibody; care; cd3; cd4; cell; control; cov; cov infection; day; days; detection; fever; health; hospital; igg; igm; immunity; individuals; infection; patients; pcr; positive; probable; respiratory; results; rna; samples; sars; sars cov; seroconversion; serum; severe; study; syndrome; use; workers; ע
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- cord-350855-gofzhff7
- author: Hou, Yixuan J.
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract
- date: 2020-05-27
- words: 3432
- flesch: 17
- summary: The oral-lung axis: the impact of oral health on lung health Pharmacological rescue of 1319 conditionally reprogrammed cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells Chronic e-cigarette exposure 1323 alters the human bronchial epithelial proteome Quantitative aspiration during sleep 1326 in normal subjects Stabilization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of transmissible gastroenteritis 1329 coronavirus by insertion of an intron The 1332 species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV 1333 and naming it SARS-CoV-2 Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients 1336 with Covid-19 in China: a nationwide analysis SARS-CoV-2 cell 1340 entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease 1341 inhibitor Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Pharyngeal aspiration in 1346 normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe 1349 acute lung failure The proteolytic regulation of virus cell entry by furin and other 1351 proprotein convertases Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and inflammatory 1353 lung disease Influenza A virus infection causes chronic lung disease linked to sites of active 1356 viral RNA remnants Nrf2 expression modifies 1358 influenza A entry and replication in nasal epithelial cells. RNA/cytospin 369 detected ~20% of upper respiratory cells expressing ACE2 vs ~4% for scRNAseq 370 ( Figure 4F ).
- keywords: ace2; acute; airway; alveolar; aspiration; at1; at2; bronchial; cdna; cells; ciliated; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cultures; data; disease; entry; epithelial; expression; fibrosis; figure; genetics; gfp; gradient; high; human; infected; infection; infectivity; influenza; lae; length; like; lower; lung; mers; nasal; neutralization; normal; nose; novel; pathogenesis; patients; primary; protein; proximal; pulmonary; reagents; replication; reporter; respiratory; reverse; rna; sars; secretory; severe; spike; structural; studies; syndrome; titers; tract; transmission; type; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-350903-nwagvvc5
- author: Softic, Laurent
- title: Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by the Cyclophilin Inhibitor Alisporivir (Debio 025)
- date: 2020-06-23
- words: 1401
- flesch: 38
- summary: Human coronavirus NL63 replication is cyclophilin A-dependent and inhibited by non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine A-derivatives including alisporivir Function of HAb18G/CD147 in invasion of host cells by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Cyclophilins and cyclophilin inhibitors in nidovirus replication Nucleocapsid protein of SARS coronavirus tightly binds to human cyclophilin A The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors Feline coronavirus replication is affected by both cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B Genetic deficiency and polymorphisms of cyclophilin This new virus was called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of its genetic proximity to SARS-CoV.
- keywords: alisporivir; antiviral; cells; chloroquine; clinical; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cycle; cyclophilin; effective; fig; infected; infection; inhibits; life; patients; properties; replication; sars; vero
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- cord-350959-bsbz3a1l
- author: Dovey, Zachary
- title: Impact of COVID-19 on Prostate Cancer Management: Guidelines for Urologists
- date: 2020-06-16
- words: 5087
- flesch: 43
- summary: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, including taxanes, have been shown to have an increased risk of viral infections, specifically influenza, which may worsen their morbidity and mortality as a result of immunosuppression caused by the chemotherapy itself Aerosl and surface stability of HCov-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-2 Modeling the epidemic dynamics and control of COVID-19 Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Sex difference and smoking predisposition in patients with COVID Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys Kidney impairment is associated with in-hospital death of COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: ace2; acute; adt; cancer; cases; china; chinese; clinical; comorbidities; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; death; diabetes; diagnosis; disease; epidemic; epidemiological; evidence; expression; gender; groups; guidelines; high; higher; hold; human; hypertension; impact; infected; infection; intermediate; long; male; management; morbidity; mortality; nccn; negative; novel; outcomes; pandemic; patients; pca; pca patients; pcr; pneumonia; possible; potential; prostate; prostatectomy; psa; rate; receptor; recommendations; research; respiratory; retrospective; risk; sars; services; severe; smoking; sources; spread; studies; study; surgery; syndrome; table; telemedicine; therapy; time; tmprss2; treatment; urologists; viral; wuhan
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- cord-350992-l6l24pco
- author: Roldan, Eugenia Quiros
- title: The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?
- date: 2020-05-13
- words: 8052
- flesch: 35
- summary: As stated above, CQ/HCQ not only interfere with cellular iron inducing its starvation in alveolar macrophages [122, 123] , then possibly resulting in a switch to M2 antiinflammatory state, but also inhibit IL-6, IL-1 and TNF- release, possibly reducing local HAMP release by macrophages. Then CQ/HCQ could also inhibit iron release from endosomes into the cytosol.
- keywords: action; activation; activity; airway; alpha; alveolar; anemia; anti; antibodies; antibody; anticoagulant; antigen; antiphospholipid; apl; authors; blood; cells; cellular; chloroquine; class; clinical; cme; colleagues; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; current; cytokines; decrease; deficiency; different; disease; drugs; effect; efficacy; endosomes; endothelial; entry; erythematosus; evidence; expression; hamp; hcq; hepcidin; homeostasis; human; hydroxychloroquine; il-1; il-6; immune; immunity; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibits; innate; iron; levels; like; lung; lupus; lysosomes; macrophages; mapk; mechanisms; membrane; metabolism; mhc; mice; models; molecules; nets; p38; pathway; patients; platelet; possible; potential; processing; production; properties; proteins; receptor; release; replication; respiratory; response; results; retention; review; role; sars; severe; spread; starvation; studies; study; syndrome; systemic; therapy; thrombotic; tissue; treatment; turn; use; vesicles; viral; viruses; vitro
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- cord-351011-v4zmksio
- author: Golden, Joseph W.
- title: Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop severe and fatal respiratory disease
- date: 2020-07-09
- words: 4705
- flesch: 45
- summary: Transcriptomic profiling in mouse lungs indicated that female mice that succumbed to disease had modestly lower levels of IL-6, CXCl-2 and IL-1RA 315 suggesting a less intense inflammatory response. Other recently reported SARS-CoV-2 murine models involved transduction of mouse lungs with 260 a replication-incompetent Adenovirus virus or an adeno associated virus (AAV) encoding the hACE2 gene (35, 36) .
- keywords: acute; animals; brain; cases; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; day; disease; dose; female; fibrin; fig; golden; groups; hace2; hace2 mice; high; host; human; il-6; increased; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; ish; k18; lesion; levels; loss; low; lung; macrophages; male; mice; models; mononuclear; mortality; mouse; murine; neurons; olfactory; pathogenesis; positive; present; protein; respiratory; rna; role; sars; severe; small; study; system; transcripts; transgenic; vasculitis; viral; virus; weight
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- cord-351115-dy81dtnk
- author: Wang, Chen
- title: Identification of evolutionarily stable sites across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome
- date: 2020-10-20
- words: 6145
- flesch: 39
- summary: Overall, these results show that predicted ET drug sites can recover experimentally tested drug binding pockets and suggest new sites that can be targeted in computational docking approaches. In addition, because these sites are conserved across multiple coronavirus genera, these predicted ET drug sites are anticipated to be relevant for identifying inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 as well as more distantly related coronaviruses.
- keywords: acid; alignments; amino; analysis; approach; available; betacoronavirus; binding; cell; clinical; cluster; complex; conserved; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cross; crystal; current; dataset; dependent; development; discovery; docking; domain; drug; epitopes; evolutionary; family; figure; focused; functional; future; homologs; human; identi; immune; important; information; large; length; ligand; linear; mers; methods; metric; model; mutations; neutralizing; new; novel; nsp16; nsp3; order; outbreak; pandemic; peptides; phylogenetic; potential; protease; protein; proteome; rankings; ranks; reactive; related; residues; resolution; response; results; rna; sars; scores; sequence; sites; speci; spike; structure; studies; targets; therapeutic; treatment; tree; vaccine; viral
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- cord-351169-y91fdf66
- author: Phillips, Lia
- title: Successful management of SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory distress syndrome and newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- date: 2020-09-14
- words: 1739
- flesch: 28
- summary: Considerations for Certain Concomitant Medications in Patients with COVID-19 Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines on the treatment and management of patients with COVID-19 Interim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016 Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 -preliminary report Although recommendations are emerging for the general management of oncology patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 1,2 there is little experience in patients with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
- keywords: acute; aiha; cancer; chemotherapy; china; clinical; concern; condition; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; disease; distress; elevated; fevers; hlh; il-6; immune; induction; infection; leukemia; lymphoblastic; management; patients; respiratory; sars; severe; sil2r; syndrome; systemic; therapy; treatment
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- cord-351525-306syrrn
- author: Yang, Yong-Le
- title: Broad Cross-Species Infection of Cultured Cells by Bat HKU2-Related Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus and Identification of Its Replication in Murine Dendritic Cells In Vivo Highlight Its Potential for Diverse Interspecies Transmission
- date: 2019-11-26
- words: 6958
- flesch: 44
- summary: We first demonstrated that SADS-CoV possesses a broad species tropism and is able to infect cell lines from diverse species, including bats, mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, pigs, chickens, nonhuman primates, and humans. In addition to rodents, we also measured the SADS-CoV susceptibility of cell lines from humans, monkeys, chickens, and dogs, revealing a remarkably broad spectrum of tropism (Table 1 and Fig. 1) .
- keywords: acute; addition; animal; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; bat; bats; broad; buffer; catalog; cells; china; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; culture; cytometry; dcs; diarrhea; different; dilution; dmem; dpi; dsrna; expression; fig; flow; gene; higher; hku2; hpi; human; i.p; infected; infection; inoculated; intestine; lines; mdck; mers; mice; min; mmt; mouse; novel; number; origin; p.o; pab; pbs; pcr; pigs; porcine; potential; primary; protein; receptor; replication; respiratory; rna; rodents; sads; sars; sections; species; spike; spleen; splenic; splenocytes; staining; supernatants; susceptibility; susceptible; swine; syndrome; tcid; tissue; treatment; tropism; trypsin; vero; viral; virus; wild
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- cord-351649-87g7g5au
- author: Haagmans, Bart L.
- title: SARS
- date: 2009-01-30
- words: 6742
- flesch: 27
- summary: Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome Modulation of the immune response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome spike glycoprotein by gene-based and inactivated virus immunization Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Chemokine up-regulation in SARS-coronavirus-infected, monocyte-derived human dendritic cells Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor Significant changes of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Long-term persistence of robust antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses in recovered patients infected with SARS coronavirus Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Laboratory diagnosis of four recent sporadic cases of community-acquired SARS, Guangdong province Safety and immunogenicity from a phase I trial of inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine Monoclonal antibodies targeting the HR2 domain and the region immediately upstream of the HR2 of the S protein neutralize in vitro infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Natural mutations in the receptor binding domain of spike glycoprotein determine the reactivity of cross-neutralization between palm civet coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys SARS in newborns and children Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Long-lived memory T lymphocyte responses against SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein in SARS-recovered patients Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in monkeys of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine Long-lived effector/central memory T-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S antigen in recovered SARS patients A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses Rewiring the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transcription circuit: engineering a recombination-resistant genome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus group-specific open reading frames encode nonessential functions for replication in cell cultures and mice Identification of an antigenic determinant on the S2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies Antibody responses against SARS coronavirus are correlated with disease outcome of infected individuals Immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in rhesus monkeys Prognostic factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome: a clinical analysis of 165 cases Coronavirus nonstructural protein 1 is a major pathogenicity factor: implications for the rational design of coronavirus vaccines In addition, two Chinese groups have demonstrated protective efficacy of inactivated SARS vaccines in rhesus monkeys ( Qin et al., 2006 ; Zhou et al., 2005 ) .
- keywords: able; acute; acute respiratory; aged; alveolar; animals; antibodies; antibody; attenuated; bats; candidate; cases; cell; challenge; clinical; control; coronavirus; cov; covs; cross; development; disease; dna; domain; early; efficacy; et al; ferrets; gene; glycoprotein; high; human; immune; immunization; immunogenicity; inactivated; individuals; infected; infection; intranasal; levels; like; live; long; lungs; macaques; mice; monkeys; monoclonal; mouse; neutralization; neutralizing; nucleocapsid; outbreak; passive; patients; possible; protection; protein; receptor; recombinant; recovered; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; s protein; sars; serum; severe; severe acute; significant; similar; spike; studies; syndrome; titers; tract; transmission; treatment; type; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccines; vector; viral; virus; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-352123-0bflqj1c
- author: Csiszar, Anna
- title: Companion animals likely do not spread COVID-19 but may get infected themselves
- date: 2020-08-07
- words: 4758
- flesch: 46
- summary: Prior to the news of the Bronx Zoo big cat cases, there have not been any reports of pets or other animals in the USA contracting COVID-19, according to the websites of the US Department of Agriculture and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The CDC recently issued an interim guidance for public health professionals managing the home care and isolation of people with COVID-19 who have pets or other animals (including service or working animals) in the same home
- keywords: adults; age; american; animals; association; cardiac; case; cats; cdc; close; companion; confirmed; contact; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; death; disease; dogs; evidence; failure; fatality; ferrets; health; heart; home; household; human; infected; infection; laboratory; likely; new; older; owners; pandemic; patients; people; pet; pets; positive; potential; public; recent; reported; respiratory; risk; sars; severe; species; spread; symptoms; testing; transmission; usa; veterinarians; veterinary; viral; virus; years; zoonotic
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-352230-8mazd3eu
- author: Beeraka, Narasimha M.
- title: Strategies for Targeting SARS CoV-2: Small Molecule Inhibitors—The Current Status
- date: 2020-09-18
- words: 9423
- flesch: 23
- summary: A second, non-canonical RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in SARS Coronavirus Zn2+ inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture Identification and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase proteins Molecular cloning, expression, and purification of SARS-CoV nsp13 Multiple enzymatic activities associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus helicase Inhibition of SARS coronavirus helicase by bismuth complexes Bismuth complexes inhibit the SARS coronavirus Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Single-dose intranasal administration with mDEF201 (adenovirus vectored mouse interferon-alpha) confers protection from mortality in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model Interferon alfacon 1 inhibits SARS-CoV infection in human bronchial epithelial Calu-3 cells A new mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV as a lethal model for evaluating antiviral agents in vitro and in vivo Toll like receptor-3 ligand poly-ICLC promotes the efficacy of peripheral vaccinations with tumor antigen-derived peptide epitopes in murine CNS tumor models Nonstructural proteins 7 and 8 of feline coronavirus form a 2: 1 heterotrimer that exhibits primer-independent RNA polymerase activity New nsp8 isoform suggests mechanism for tuning viral RNA synthesis Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies A trial of lopinavirritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection Twoyear prospective study of the humoral immune response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensinconverting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor Structure-based pharmacophore design and virtual screening for novel angiotensin converting enzyme 2 inhibitors Role of the ACE2/angiotensin 1-7 axis of the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but not ACE, is preferentially localized to the apical surface of polarized kidney cells ACE2-mediated reduction of oxidative stress in the central nervous system is associated with improvement of autonomic function Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 Evaluation of interferon inducers, ribavirin and mouse hyperimmune serum in a pathogenesis/lethal mouse model using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV Enhancement of the infectivity of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice by IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors, including ribavirin Is the anti-psychotic, 10-(3-(dimethylamino) propyl) phenothiazine (promazine), a potential drug with which to treat SARS infections?: The molecular biology of SARS coronavirus An overall picture of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome-encoded major proteins: structures, functions and drug development M and N proteins of SARS coronavirus induce apoptosis in HPF cells The SARS-Coronavirus Membrane protein induces apoptosis through modulating the Akt survival pathway Ribonucleocapsid formation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus through molecular action of the N-terminal domain of N protein Structure of the SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein RNA-binding dimerization domain suggests a mechanism for helical packaging of viral RNA Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 7a accessory protein is a viral structural protein SARS coronavirus 7a protein blocks cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase via the cyclin D3/pRb pathway SARS coronavirus protein 7a interacts with human Ap 4 A-hydrolase Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque siRNA targeting the leader sequence of SARS-CoV inhibits virus replication Inhibition of genes expression of SARS coronavirus by synthetic small interfering RNAs Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus replication by small interfering RNAs in mammalian cells Inhibition of SARS-CoV replication by siRNA Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of small interfering RNA targeting SARS coronavirus Screening of drugs by FRET analysis identifies inhibitors of SARS-CoV 3CL protease Recent developments in anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus chemotherapy Deubiquitinating activity of the SARS-CoV papain-like protease Selectivity in ISG15 and ubiquitin recognition by the SARS coronavirus papain-like protease Drug design targeting the main protease, the Achilles' heel of coronaviruses Characterization and inhibition of SARScoronavirus main protease Enzymatic activity of the SARS coronavirus main proteinase dimer
- keywords: ace2; acid; activation; activators; activity; acute; acute respiratory; agents; alveolar; angiotensin; antibody; antioxidant; antiviral; apoptosis; associated; authors; binding; cases; cells; cellular; characterization; clinical; compounds; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokines; damage; dengue; dependent; derivatives; development; different; disease; downregulation; drug; effective; effects; efficacy; entry; enzyme; epithelial; example; expression; factor; failure; fusion; glycoprotein; host; human; ifn; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; inhibitors; injury; instance; interferon; like; lung; main; mechanisms; membrane; mice; models; molecular; molecule; mouse; natural; novel; nrf2; nsmis; oxidative; papain; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pharmacological; pneumonia; potential; processing; prospective; protease; protection; protein; recent; receptor; redox; replication; report; research; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; rna; role; sars; sars coronavirus; selective; serine; severe; severe acute; signaling; similar; small; spike; strain; stress; structural; studies; study; surface; syncytial; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; table; target; tat; therapeutic; tmprss2; tnf; treatment; trypsin; type; viral; viral entry; viruses; vivo; viz
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-352562-qfb478sf
- author: Yamamoto, Lidia
- title: SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review
- date: 2020-09-04
- words: 7323
- flesch: 34
- summary: Xiang et al. 52 tested 126 serum samples from COVID-19 patients, with 57.1% IgM sensitivity, 100% specificity and 69% accuracy. Criteria for releasing COVID-19 patients from isolation SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Understanding evolution of SARS-CoV-2: a perspective from analysis of genetic diversity of RdRp gene Emerging genetic diversity among clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2: lessons for today The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 26 asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers SARS-CoV-2 receptor and regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin system: celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak -an update on the status Gastrointestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus load in fecal samples from the Hong Kong cohort and systematic review and meta-analysis Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease Computed tomographic imaging of 3 patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia with negative virus real-time reversetranscription Polymerase Chain Reaction test Nasal gene expression of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in children and adults Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease Chilblain-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection Androgen regulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor levels and is associated with severe COVID-19 symptoms in men Physiological and pathological regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor COVID-19 infection and circulating ACE2 levels: protective role in women and children Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19: an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children Coronavirus disease 2019 in critically ill children: a narrative review of the literature SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review SARS-CoV-2 infection in children COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: a multinational, multicentre cohort study Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and multiple respiratory pathogens in children Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State Flash survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 infections in paediatric patients on anticancer treatment e65 SARS-CoV-2 infections with emphasis on pediatric patients: a narrative review How is immunosuppressive status affecting children and adults in SARS-CoV-2 infection?
- keywords: ace2; acute; addition; adolescents; adults; age; amplification; analysis; antibodies; antibody; articles; asymptomatic; binding; cases; chest; children; clinical; comorbidities; confirmed; control; coronavirus; cough; cov-2; covid-19; critical; data; days; deaths; detection; diagnosis; disease; elisa; enzyme; expression; fever; gene; group; higher; icu; iga; igg; igm; immunochromatographic; infection; inflammatory; laboratory; levels; management; manifestations; mean; median; mis; multisystem; negative; neutralizing; new; number; onset; patients; pcr; pediatric; pneumonia; positive; possible; pregnant; present; protein; receptors; respiratory; review; rna; samples; sars; secretions; sensitivity; severe; specific; studies; study; support; symptoms; syndrome; systematic; test; time; transmission; treatment; use; viral; weeks; women; years
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-352909-s11tpfoq
- author: Sun, Zhiping
- title: Survival of SARS-COV-2 under liquid medium, dry filter paper and acidic conditions
- date: 2020-08-14
- words: 1760
- flesch: 56
- summary: Our results show that COVID-19 virus can survive for 3 days in liquid medium or on dry filter paper. Although SARS-COV-2 RNA has been detected in patients' stool 11, 13, 14 , infectious virus was not readily isolated from stool.
- keywords: acidic; coronavirus; cov-2; cpe; day; days; dry; filter; incubation; liquid; log; medium; oral; paper; pfu; sars; survival; tcid; titer; viral; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353209-qkhfp66l
- author: Steiner, Daniel J.
- title: Array-based analysis of SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses, and influenza antibodies in convalescent COVID-19 patients
- date: 2020-06-16
- words: 2527
- flesch: 36
- summary: 15 We have previously reported the utility of influenza antigen arrays fabricated on the AIR platform for assessment of anti-influenza antibodies in human, animal, and avian serum, 16, 17 both as a tool for viral surveillance and for assessment of the efficacy of a candidate vaccine. Other coronavirus antigens including nucleocapsid (N) are also likely candidates for addition to the array, as they are known to produce an immune response (as seen in the ELISA results, for example).
- keywords: adarza; air; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antigen; array; assays; chip; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; disease; elisa; fbs; figure; free; human; igg; igm; immune; inc; influenza; label; multiplex; platform; polyclonal; probe; rbd; respiratory; response; samples; sars; serum; specific; spike; spot; surface; thickness; values; viruses
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353293-vjdwh19x
- author: None
- title: Post-COVID-19 global health strategies: the need for an interdisciplinary approach
- date: 2020-06-11
- words: 3861
- flesch: 32
- summary: It therefore appears appropriate to propose a detailed model for the first assessment (minimum data set for the assessment of COVID-19 patients), providing that subsequent stages can be customized based on the initial findings ( Table 1) . Nothing is known about long-term respiratory sequelae in COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: acute; assessment; cardiovascular; care; case; children; clinical; comprehensive; conditions; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; data; degree; different; disease; evaluation; exercise; failure; follow; following; function; geriatric; geriatrician; health; healthcare; heart; hospital; hospitalization; impact; impairment; important; infection; italy; long; malnutrition; management; manifestations; multidisciplinary; nasal; needs; nutritional; outcomes; particular; patients; people; phase; physical; pneumonia; possible; post; problems; reports; respiratory; risk; role; sars; service; severe; severity; specialists; specific; strategies; survivors; system; taste; term; test; vascular; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353392-rqeultbq
- author: Kumar, Govindarajan Venkat
- title: A short review on antibody therapy for COVID-19
- date: 2020-04-20
- words: 1947
- flesch: 40
- summary: No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in patients with common 2019 coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial Toxicokinetics of hydroxychloroquine following a massive overdose Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 Convalescent plasma therapy for persistent hepatitis E virus infection Therapeutic Options for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) -possible lessons from a systematic review of SARS-CoV therapy Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to assess treatment of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in Saudi Arabia: a survey of physicians Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in SARS patients Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma The convalescent sera option for containing COVID19 Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Molecular and biological characterization of human monoclonal antibodies binding to the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection. The coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause a range of illnesses in humans with the common cold and more severe forms like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) which are dangerous.
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; binding; china; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; glycoprotein; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; mers; monoclonal; novel; outbreak; patients; people; plasma; protein; rbd; receptor; respiratory; sars; serum; severe; spike; syndrome; therapy; treatment; viral; worldwide
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353484-q7d0ysbo
- author: Liu, Xue
- title: COVID-19: Progress in diagnostics, therapy and vaccination
- date: 2020-06-19
- words: 8584
- flesch: 33
- summary: medRxiv Coronaviruses -drug discovery and therapeutic options Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19 Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases? Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Treating COVID-19 with Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial Comparative efficacy and safety of second-line antiretroviral therapy for treatment of HIV/AIDS: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Optimizing use of theranostic nanoparticles as a life-saving strategy for treating COVID-19 patients Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings Consideration of highly active antiretroviral therapy in the prevention and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase A phase 1/2 trial to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of NI-03 in patients with chronic pancreatitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial on the assessment of camostat treatment in chronic pancreatitis (TACTIC) Experimental drugs poised for use in Ebola outbreak Mechanism of Inhibition of Ebola Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread SARS-CoV-2: Recent Reports on Antiviral Therapies Based on Lopinavir/Ritonavir, Darunavir/Umifenovir, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir and Other Drugs for the Treatment of the New Coronavirus Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An Open-Label Control Study. Revised 18 Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques Safety of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in adults: background for pandemic influenza vaccine safety monitoring Inactivated poliovirus vaccine: past and present experience Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Inactivated Vaccine for Prophylaxis of SARS CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) Novavax Initiates Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial of COVID-19 Vaccine.
- keywords: ace2; acid; acute; addition; adenovirus; animal; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; assay; associated; available; binding; candidate; cases; cells; chest; china; clinical; clinicaltrials.gov; combination; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; crispr; dependent; detection; development; diagnosis; disease; dna; domain; drugs; early; effects; efficacy; entry; enzyme; favipiravir; fusion; genome; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; immune; immunogenicity; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitor; label; load; lopinavir; mers; methods; models; molecular; mrna; ncov; neutralizing; new; novel; novel coronavirus; nucleic; open; outbreak; pandemic; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; polymerase; potential; protease; protein; qpcr; randomized; rapid; rbd; recent; receptor; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; responses; results; review; ritonavir; rna; safety; sars; severe; similar; single; specific; spike; spread; structural; studies; study; syndrome; targets; testing; tests; therapeutic; therapy; time; treatment; trial; vaccines; vector; viral; viruses; vitro
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353524-3w970ycx
- author: Dömling, Alexander
- title: Chemistry and Biology of SARS-CoV-2
- date: 2020-05-22
- words: 3961
- flesch: 46
- summary: Several approved HIV protease inhibitors (15, 16, and 18) were previously repurposed for the treatment of SARS (Scheme 2). The reported case-fatality rate of COVID-19 is %3% and is thus rather low as compared with SARS (30% , Table 1 ).
- keywords: ace2; active; activity; acute; antiviral; binding; biology; cells; clinical; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covs; current; development; different; discovery; disease; drug; figure; function; genome; high; host; human; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; key; large; like; molecular; ncov; novel; outbreaks; pandemic; papain; plpro; potential; protease; protein; rapid; rdrp; receptor; repurposing; respiratory; rna; sars; sequence; severe; small; spread; structure; syndrome; synthesis; target; term; treatment; viral; viruses; world; wuhan; years
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353704-lfndq85x
- author: Ye, Zi-Wei
- title: Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses
- date: 2020-03-15
- words: 8121
- flesch: 50
- summary: Sci China Life Sci Cultivation of the virus of infectious bronchitis of chickens in embryonated chicken eggs A murine virus (JHM) causing disseminated encephalomyelitis with extensive destruction of myelin Transmissible gastroenteritis in pigs Electron microscopy of coronavirus-like particles characteristic of turkey bluecomb disease Characterization of a feline infectious peritonitis virus isolate Recovery and characterization of a coronavirus from military dogs with diarrhea A new virus isolated from the human respiratory tract Recovery in tracheal organ cultures of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease Signs and symptoms in common colds Effects of a new human respiratory virus in volunteers From SARS coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses Identification of a new human coronavirus Understanding Human Coronavirus HCoV-NL63 A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans Croup is associated with the novel coronavirus NL63 Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia Coronavirus HKU1 and other coronavirus infections in Hong Kong Discovery of a subgenotype of human coronavirus NL63 associated with severe lower respiratory tract infection in China Emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Detection of human coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis Prevalence of IgG antibody to SARS-associated coronavirus in animal traders Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Identification of a novel coronavirus in bats Antibodies to SARS coronavirus in civets Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Full-genome deep sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of novel human betacoronavirus Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012-related viruses in bats, Ghana and Europe Receptor Usage of a Novel Bat Lineage C Betacoronavirus Reveals Evolution of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Spike Proteins for Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Binding Discovery of Novel Bat Coronaviruses in South China Diffuse alveolar damage, epithelial cell proliferation and an increase of macrophages are also observed in SARS patients [31] .
- keywords: ace2; acute; adaptation; adapted; addition; alpha; animal; bats; beta; camels; cases; cause; characterization; china; civets; cold; common; community; contact; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; covs; different; disease; dromedary; east; emergence; epidemic; evidence; evolution; factors; features; future; genome; hand; hcov; hcov-229e; high; history; hku1; homology; host; human; important; infected; infection; intermediate; interspecies; like; lower; markets; mers; middle; mild; mutation; natural; new; nl63; non; novel; nucleotide; oc43; origin; outbreak; pangolins; pathogenic; patients; phylogenetic; pneumonia; protein; ratg13; rbd; receptor; recombination; related; reservoir; respiratory; response; rna; sars; sequence; severe; share; similar; symptoms; syndrome; tract; transmission; viral; viruses; zoonotic
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353777-t8q99tlq
- author: Jia, Yong
- title: Analysis of the mutation dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 reveals the spread history and emergence of RBD mutant with lower ACE2 binding affinity
- date: 2020-04-11
- words: 3222
- flesch: 46
- summary: By analyzing 106 SARS-CoV-2 and 39 SARS genome sequences, we provided direct genetic evidence that SARS-CoV-2 has a much lower mutation rate than SARS. Highlights Based on the currently available genome sequence data, we proved that SARS-COV-2 genome has a much lower mutation rate and genetic diversity than SARS during the 2002-2003 outbreak.
- keywords: ace2; bat; conserved; coronavirus; countries; cov-2; data; development; different; diversity; early; encoding; evolution; figure; genetic; genome; history; human; mutation; phylogenies; phylogeny; potential; protein; rate; rbd; rearrangement; receptor; related; sars; sequence; spike; spread; structural; study; transmission; usa; vaccine; virus
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-353826-owoec2ud
- author: Graham, Simon P.
- title: Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
- date: 2020-07-27
- words: 5526
- flesch: 42
- summary: Bovine herpesvirus-4-vectored delivery of nipah virus glycoproteins enhances T cell immunogenicity in pigs Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients Presence of SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy donors SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 at 8 weeks postinfection in asymptomatic patients Vaccination with viral vectors expressing NP, M1 and chimeric hemagglutinin induces broad protection against influenza virus challenge in mice A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Writing-review and editing, All authors Further information on experimental design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. For analysis of T cell responses in pigs, overlapping 16mer peptides offset by 4 residues based on the predicted amino acid sequence of the entire S protein from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_045512.2) were designed and synthesised (Mimotopes, Melbourne, Australia) and reconstituted in sterile 40% acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Three pools of synthetic peptides representing residues 1-331 (Pool 1), 332-748 (Pool 2) and 749-1273 (Pool 3) were prepared for use to stimulate T cells in IFN-γ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays.
- keywords: aldrich; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; assays; biolegend; blood; boost; cd1; cd4; cd8; cells; chadox1; clinical; clone; control; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; day; development; dilution; dose; dpv; elispot; expression; fig; fisher; following; gibco; greater; groups; human; ifn; immune; immunisation; immunogenicity; mab; media; mice; model; mouse; ncov-19; pbmc; peptide; pigs; plates; pool; prime; protein; rbd; recombinant; responses; sars; scientific; sera; serum; sigma; significant; single; specific; studies; study; thermo; titres; units; vaccination; vaccine; virus; weeks
- versions: original; plain text
- cord-354394-zojhdnlu
- author: Wang, Wei-Kung
- title: Detection of SARS-associated Coronavirus in Throat Wash and Saliva in Early Diagnosis
- date: 2004-07-17
- words: 3981
- flesch: 47
- summary: However, a cluster of SARS cases was reported among apparently protected healthcare workers during aerosol-generating procedures performed on SARS patients (27) . However, RT-PCR performed on nasopharyngeal aspirates from SARS patients had positive rates of 32% at day 3, 50% at day 5, and 68% at day 14 (8, 14) .
- keywords: acute; amounts; assay; cell; cellular; component; copies; coronavirus; cov; cov rna; day; detection; droplets; figure; health; min; nasopharyngeal; national; oral; patients; pcr; pellet; possibility; present; probable; real; respiratory; rna; saliva; sars; severe; specimens; strain; study; supernatant; syndrome; taiwan; throat; throat wash; time; tract; transmission; viral; wash
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- cord-354398-f3cg8gi1
- author: Al-Saud, Haya
- title: Automated SARS-COV-2 RNA extraction from patient nasopharyngeal samples using a modified DNA extraction kit for high throughput testing
- date: 2020-09-20
- words: 4027
- flesch: 46
- summary: In order to start our mass testing platform, we first addressed the shortage of RNA extraction kits, which is a bottleneck in the testing capacity, at a global level. The modifica-tions of this kit were successful in extracting RNA when performed automatically using a robotic system suitable for mass extraction, which provides an alternative to commercial viral RNA extraction kits and provides a protocol to increase preparedness for future crises.
- keywords: applied; assay; biosystems; capacity; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; detection; different; dna; extraction; extraction kit; forensic; genes; high; house; invitrogen; kit; mass; modifications; modified; ms2; nasopharyngeal; number; orf1b; patient; primer; probe; qpcr; qrt; quantification; respiratory; rna; rna extraction; samples; sars; sensitivity; sets; step; swabs; taqpath; testing; transport; viral; virus
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- cord-354597-xubsodnk
- author: Carvalho, Alexandre
- title: SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal Infection Causing Hemorrhagic Colitis: Implications for Detection and Transmission of COVID-19 Disease
- date: 2020-04-17
- words: 2785
- flesch: 39
- summary: A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China Coronavirus Disease Testing (COVID-19): Symptoms & Testing Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-Cov-2 COVID-19 disease with positive fecal and negative pharyngeal and sputum viral tests Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China ACG clinical practice guideline: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute diarrheal infections in adults Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Awareness of the gastrointestinal manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 may have increased our index of suspicion and encouraged us to institute SARS-CoV-2 precautions on arrival, avoiding the exposure and subsequent quarantine of 72 healthcare workers, including many of us.
- keywords: abdominal; ace2; acquisition; analysis; bloody; bowel; china; clinical; colitis; colon; colonic; concept; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; day; days; diarrhea; digestive; disease; evidence; fecal; gastrointestinal; hemorrhagic; hospital; infection; inflammatory; interpretation; manuscript; negative; normal; pain; patient; positive; pulmonary; receptor; report; respiratory; rna; sars; symptoms; testing; transmission; viral
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- cord-354824-7fdcu2f0
- author: Wu, Renyi
- title: An Update on Current Therapeutic Drugs Treating COVID-19
- date: 2020-05-11
- words: 9676
- flesch: 38
- summary: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of sarilumab in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Overview of the IL-1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity Personalised immunotherapy for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) associated with organ dysfunction Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus Genetic associations between genes in the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system and renal disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury FDA advises patients on use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for COVID-19 Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit respiratory syncytial virus-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human lung epithelial cells Treating viral exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insights from a mouse model of cigarette smoke and H1N1 influenza infection Indomethacin has a potent antiviral activity against SARS coronavirus Colchicine-update on mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses Colchicine and the heart: pushing the envelope Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication by niclosamide SKP2 attenuates autophagy through Beclin1-ubiquitination and its inhibition reduces MERS-coronavirus infection An AlphaScreen®-based assay for high-throughput screening for specific inhibitors of nuclear import Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin α/β-mediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus Ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of flavivirus replication specifically targeting NS3 helicase activity: new prospects for an old drug The broad spectrum antiviral ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin alpha/beta1 heterodimer The FDAapproved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro A screen of the NIH clinical collection small molecule library identifies potential anti-coronavirus drugs Nitazoxanide, a new drug candidate for the treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Meta-analysis: convalescent blood products for Spanish influenza pneumonia: a future H5N1 treatment? Antibody-mediated regulation of cellular immunity and the inflammatory response Serum therapy revisited: animal models of infection and development of passive antibody therapy Fcmediated antibody effector functions during respiratory syncytial virus infection and disease A role for Fc function in therapeutic monoclonal antibody-mediated protection against Ebola virus A serological survey on neutralizing antibody titer of SARS convalescent sera Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Experience of using convalescent plasma for severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers in a Taiwan hospital Challenges of convalescent plasma infusion therapy in Middle East respiratory coronavirus infection: a single centre experience Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy The 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) surface protein (Spike) S1 receptor binding domain The potential of low molecular weight heparin to mitigate cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients: a retrospective clinical study Redeploying plant defences Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of type a H1N1 influenza: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials Clinical outcomes of influenza-like illness treated with Chinese herbal medicine: an observational study Herbal medicine and pattern identification for treating COVID-19: a rapid review of guidelines Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective Investigating mechanism of Qingfei Dayuan granules for treatment of COVID-19 based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Study on screening potential traditional Chinese medicines against 2019-nCoV based on Mpro and PLP Chinese herbal medicine for severe acute respiratory syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis Traditional Chinese herbal medicine as a source of molecules with antiviral activity Can Chinese medicine be used for prevention of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Evolving research and clinical data regarding the virologic SARS-CoV-2 suggest a potential list of repurposed drugs with appropriate pharmacological effects and therapeutic efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients.
- keywords: ace2; action; activity; acute; administration; agents; analysis; angiotensin; antiviral; arbidol; ards; arthritis; azithromycin; beta; body; cardiac; care; cells; china; chinese; clearance; clinical; colchicine; combination; control; convalescent; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; current; cytokine; daily; data; days; disease; distress; dose; drugs; early; ebola; effective; effects; efficacy; enzyme; evidence; favipiravir; fusion; group; h1n1; health; herbal; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; il-6; immune; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhaled; inhibition; inhibitors; injury; innate; korea; label; lopinavir; low; lung; mechanism; medicine; mers; methylprednisolone; new; novel; open; oseltamivir; outcomes; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; potential; prevention; production; protein; pulmonary; randomized; receptor; regimen; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; safety; sars; severe; severe covid-19; similar; single; sirolimus; specific; standard; storm; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; synthesis; systemic; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; tocilizumab; traditional; treatment; trial; umifenovir; use; vaccines; viral; viruses; vitamin; vitro; wuhan; zinc
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- cord-355567-60sfv60p
- author: Azuma, Kenichi
- title: Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control
- date: 2020-11-03
- words: 9233
- flesch: 37
- summary: World Health Organization Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV Measures against COVID-19 concerning Summer Indoor Environment in Japan Interaction of aerosol particles composed of protein and salts with water vapor: hygroscopic growth and microstructural rearrangement Study on thermal environmental ununiformity in office buildings Survey on control of indoor air environment in office buildings: Part5 evaluation of thermal environment by domestic and international standards Wells revisited: infectious particles vs. quanta of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection-don't get them confused Risk of indoor airborne infection transmission estimated from carbon dioxide concentration A probabilistic transmission dynamic model to assess indoor airborne infection risks Potential for airborne transmission of infection in the waiting areas of healthcare premises: stochastic analysis using a Monte Carlo model Review and comparison between the Wells-Riley and dose response approaches to risk assessment of infectious respiratory diseases Airborne infection. Theoretical limits of protection achievable by building ventilation The detection of airborne transmission of tuberculosis from HIV-infected patients, using an in vivo air sampling model A probabilistic transmission model to assess infection risk from mycobacterium tuberculosis in commercial passenger trains Spatial distribution of infection risk of SARS transmission in a hospital ward Airborne spread of measles in a suburban elementary school Cleaning the air: the theory and application of ultraviolet air disinfection HVAC filtration and the Wells-Riley approach to assessing risks of infectious airborne diseases Association of infected probability of COVID-19 with ventilation rates in confined spaces: a Wells-Riley equation based investigation Characterization of expiration air jets and droplet size distributions immediately at the mouth opening Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities Airborne spread of expiratory droplet nuclei between the occupants of indoor environments: A review ASHRAE position document on airborne infectious diseases HVAC filtration for controlling infectious airborne disease transmission in indoor environments: predicting risk reductions and operational costs The history of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for air disinfection Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities ASHRAE.
- keywords: acute; adequate; aerosol; air; airborne; airflow; analysis; buildings; cases; closed; commercial; conditioning; conditions; contact; control; copper; coronavirus; cough; cov-2; covid-19; days; decay; diameter; different; disease; distance; distribution; document; droplets; effect; effective; emission; environmental; exposure; facilities; factors; filters; filtration; fomites; health; healthcare; heatstroke; human; humidity; hvac; important; individuals; indoor; infected; infection; influenza; japan; measures; mhlw; min; necessary; novel; number; office; opening; outbreak; particles; patients; people; persistence; person; poor; possible; potential; precautionary; prevention; principle; public; quality; rate; relative; required; respiratory; results; resuspension; risk; room; sars; severe; simulated; size; spaces; specific; spread; stability; standards; studies; summer; sunlight; surfaces; syndrome; systems; table; temperature; time; transmission; uvgi; ventilation; virus; viruses; windows
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- cord-356009-emn2w8if
- author: Roshandel, M. R.
- title: What Specimen Urologists Should Be Most Concerned About ? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- date: 2020-10-13
- words: 4690
- flesch: 40
- summary: The Journal of infection Persistent shedding of viable SARS-CoV in urine and stool of SARS patients during the convalescent phase SARS-CoV-2 infection does not significantly cause acute renal injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital Quantitative detection and viral load analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Nevertheless, a lack of concordance between the severity of disease and ICU admission rates in two groups in table 2 indicates heterogeneity of study populations among the studies.
- keywords: acute; admission; analysis; author; available; blood; cases; clinical; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; diagnosis; different; disease; doi; fatality; funder; holder; icu; infection; international; license; load; medrxiv; meta; negative; novel; october; patients; pcr; perpetuity; pharyngeal; population; positive; preprint; rates; respiratory; results; review; rna; samples; sars; severe; severity; shedding; specimens; stool; studies; study; swabs; systematic; test; time; total; transmission; urinary; urine; version; viral; virus; viruses
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- cord-356166-fpno9zg5
- author: Miyakawa, Kei
- title: Rapid quantitative screening assay for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using HiBiT-tagged virus-like particles
- date: 2020-09-15
- words: 1559
- flesch: 40
- summary: In this setting, surrogate antibody detection tests can produce erroneous results. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells through receptor binding domain (RBD) within S1 subunit in spike protein on the surface of viral particles that bind to host surface angiotensin converting enzyme-2
- keywords: antibodies; antibody; assay; cells; cov-2; covid-19; figure; hibit; high; hivnt; individuals; lgbit; luciferase; nabs; nanoluc; need; neutralization; protein; quantitative; rapid; sars; sera; spike; surrogate; tests; throughput; tmprss2
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