# bib

id: cord-032904-ex6zpud9
author: Isasti, Guillermo
title: Comparison of telehealth and traditional face-to-face model during COVID-19 pandemic()
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 722
sentence: 28
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-032904-ex6zpud9.txt
txt: txt/cord-032904-ex6zpud9.txt
summary:
  Finally, we compared the number of patients who did not come to the face-to-face consultation (167, 12.5%) versus the number of patients who did not respond to the phone call (42, 3.1%), observing a statistically significant difference (p░<░0.001). key: cord-032904-ex6zpud9 authors: Isasti, Guillermo; Fernández, José F. Díaz title: Comparison of telehealth and traditional face-to-face model during COVID-19 pandemic() date: 2020-09-30 journal: Med Clin (Engl Ed) DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.06.020 sha: doc_id: 32904 cord_uid: ex6zpud9 nan Los autores no declaran ningún conflicto de interés.


id: cord-289778-x938errh
author: Lee, J.
date: 2020-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 803
sentence: 28
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-289778-x938errh.txt
txt: txt/cord-289778-x938errh.txt
title:
  Fast and easy disinfection of coronavirus-contaminated face masks using ozone gas produced by a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generator

summary:
  To test if the exposure of face masks (Kleenguard®) to either plasma or ozone gas causes any 155 damage to their filter layer, uncontaminated face masks were exposed to ozone gas for 5 min 156 (five 1-minute exposures). Ozone gas is a strong oxidizing agent with the ability to kill viruses on hard-to-reach surfaces, including the fabric structure of face masks.


id: cord-257307-bslv5sqv
author: Sapoval, M
date: 2020-04-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1351
sentence: 57
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-257307-bslv5sqv.txt
txt: txt/cord-257307-bslv5sqv.txt
title:
  3D-printed face protective shield in interventional radiology: evaluation of an immediate solution in the era of COVID-19 pandemic

summary:
  A small farm of commercial 3D printers working 24/24 and 7/7 can produce a large number of face shield protections. Face shields provide protection to other facial areas in addition to eyes and better protection from splash or spray of any respiratory secretion from the patient.


id: cord-257377-x5xijo8m
author: Ogoina, Dimie
title: COVID-19: The Need for Rational Use of Face Masks in Nigeria
date: 2020-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1477
sentence: 64
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-257377-x5xijo8m.txt
txt: txt/cord-257377-x5xijo8m.txt
summary:
  The Need for Rational Use of Face Masks in Nigeria date: 2020-05-15 journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0433 sha: doc_id: 257377 cord_uid: x5xijo8m Because of the pandemic of COVID-19, the federal government of Nigeria has instituted a mandatory policy requiring everyone going out in public to wear face masks. Unfortunately, the Nigeria media is awash with images of misuse and abuse of face masks by the public, government officials, and healthcare workers.


id: cord-261580-zghq7mcg
author: Sugrue, Michael
title: A cloth mask for under-resourced healthcare settings in the COVID19 pandemic
date: 2020-05-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1512
sentence: 71
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-261580-zghq7mcg.txt
txt: txt/cord-261580-zghq7mcg.txt
summary:
  Protective effects of face masks have been studied extensively, often involving personal respirators for professionals under idealized conditions, involving protection of specifically trained personnel. Face masks are only a part of the overall approach but together with personal distancing, hand hygiene and other measures form a bundle which may overcome this disease [8] .


id: cord-307167-mj2vrxdj
author: Patel, Viren
title: Beauty and the Mask
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1667
sentence: 68
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-307167-mj2vrxdj.txt
txt: txt/cord-307167-mj2vrxdj.txt
summary:
  In the 1980s, Dr. Leslie Farkas, widely recognized as the father of craniofacial anthropometry, sought to define the facial measurements and proportions associated with attractive faces. As the citizens of the world followed government-imposed stay-at-home orders, and as the phrase social distancing became part of the daily lexicon in a matter of weeks, the public largely adopted the use of face coverings in public places to reduce potential transmission of the virus.


id: cord-274201-9qsqj91d
author: Matuschek, Christiane
title: The history and value of face masks
date: 2020-06-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1726
sentence: 78
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-274201-9qsqj91d.txt
txt: txt/cord-274201-9qsqj91d.txt
summary:
  A review Postoperative wound infections and surgical face masks: a controlled study Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations This work is dedicated to Dr. med. The use of face masks seems to be critical to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for the period, in which therapeutic interventions are lacking.


id: cord-345767-61jr6nnx
author: Oeppen, R.S.
date: 2020-05-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2007
sentence: 83
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-345767-61jr6nnx.txt
txt: txt/cord-345767-61jr6nnx.txt
title:
  Human factors recognition at virtual meetings and video conferencing: how to get the best performance from yourself and others

summary:
  key: cord-345767-61jr6nnx authors: Oeppen, R.S.; Shaw, G.; Brennan, P.A. title: Human factors recognition at virtual meetings and video conferencing: how to get the best performance from yourself and others date: 2020-05-11 journal: 3 Speaking time also increases during virtual meetings 3 and various non-verbal communication gestures that occur during face to face meetings might be difficult or impossible to convey to others thereby reducing decision making quality.


id: cord-306930-tuositq1
author: Kwok, Yen Lee Angela
title: Face touching: A frequent habit that has implications for hand hygiene
date: 2015-02-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2013
sentence: 73
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-306930-tuositq1.txt
txt: txt/cord-306930-tuositq1.txt
summary:
  My five moments for hand hygiene': a user-centered design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene A dictionary of epidemiology Evidenceebased model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved particles Nasal and hand carriage rate of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among healthcare workers in Mekelle hospital, North Ethiopia Clinical signs and symptoms of influenza: influenza prevention & control recommendations Rhinovirus transmission within families with children: incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections Clinical effects of rhinovirus infections Survival of influenza virus on human fingers Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: carriage rates and characterization of students in a Texas University Studies of the community and family: acute respiratory illness and infection The staphylococci in human disease Tackling contamination of the hospital environment by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): a comparison between conventional terminal cleaning and hydrogen peroxide vapor decontamination The public hand hygiene practices of New Zealanders: a national survey Hand hygiene and face touching in family medicine offices: a Cincinnati Area Research and Improvement Group (CARInG) network study Contamination of stethoscopes and physicians' hands after a physical examination We thank Professor Gary Velan for providing us access to the UNSW medical students prior to his lecture and to Professor William Rawlinson for providing recording equipment. A self-inoculation event may occur if a health care worker (HCW) fails to comply with hand hygiene after patient contact (moment 4) 12 or after contact with the contaminated environment of the patient's zone (moment 5)


id: cord-322528-6r57pq8o
author: Heald, Adrian H
date: 2020-10-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2347
sentence: 91
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt
txt: txt/cord-322528-6r57pq8o.txt
title:
  Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID‐19‐related infections, hospital admissions and mortality

summary:
  key: cord-322528-6r57pq8o authors: Heald, Adrian H; Stedman, Michael; Tian, Zixing; Wu, Pensee; Fryer, Anthony A title: Modelling the impact of the mandatory use of face coverings on public transport and in retail outlets in the UK on COVID‐19‐related infections, hospital admissions and mortality date: 2020-10-18 journal: Int J Clin Pract DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13768 sha: doc_id: 322528 cord_uid: 6r57pq8o INTRODUCTION: The rapid spread of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2/)(COVID‐19) virus resulted in governments around the world instigating a range of measures, including mandating the wearing of face coverings on public transport/in retail outlets.


id: cord-321847-4a6eb4mr
author: Eckl, L.
date: 2020-11-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2209
sentence: 87
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-321847-4a6eb4mr.txt
txt: txt/cord-321847-4a6eb4mr.txt
title:
  Gender- and age-related differences in misuse of face masks in COVID-19 prevention in central European cities

summary:
  As an incorrect fit of face mask, we defined any deviant kinds of mask use, i.e., covering only the mouth or the nose but not both or neither of them, a very loose fit with forming gaps between the mask and the face and taking the mask off for coughing or sneezing. key: cord-321847-4a6eb4mr authors: Eckl, L.; Hansch, S. title: Gender- and age-related differences in misuse of face masks in COVID-19 prevention in central European cities date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20224030 sha: doc_id: 321847 cord_uid: 4a6eb4mr 1 ABSTRACT Objective Correct use of face masks is required for their efficacy in preventing possible droplet infections with SARS-CoV-2.


id: cord-317915-0javg3m8
author: Kumar, Jagdesh
date: 2020-04-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2287
sentence: 85
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-317915-0javg3m8.txt
txt: txt/cord-317915-0javg3m8.txt
title:
  Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)

summary:
  The majority (88.2%) of participants knew that a cloth face mask is not much effective, around 79.8% knew that used face mask cannot be re-used, and 44.8% knew about the yellow-coded bag for disposal. key: cord-317915-0javg3m8 authors: Kumar, Jagdesh; Katto, Muhammad Soughat; Siddiqui, Adeel A; Sahito, Badaruddin; Jamil, Muhammad; Rasheed, Nusrat; Ali, Maratib title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-20 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7737 sha: doc_id: 317915 cord_uid: 0javg3m8 Introduction Many countries including Pakistan are currently using face masks in their pandemic control plans.


id: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3
author: Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman
title: Prospect of biobased antiviral face mask to limit the coronavirus outbreak
date: 2020-10-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2320
sentence: 108
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt
txt: txt/cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt
summary:
  It has been reported that face masks are effective in lowering the spread of the virus. Face masks can filter droplets containing the virus.


id: cord-316914-otpwb0vs
author: Pagliazzi, Angelica
title: Genetic counseling during COVID‐19 pandemic: Tuscany experience
date: 2020-08-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2625
sentence: 84
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-316914-otpwb0vs.txt
txt: txt/cord-316914-otpwb0vs.txt
summary:
  In our hospital, prenatal genetic consultation is generally programmed so to be performed along with other prenatal either invasive or non-invasive procedures, providing women with a thorough and well-scheduled prenatal diagnosis program. We, therefore, took note of how many and, more interesting, which type of consultations we decided to (1) maintain as face-to-face visit, (2) reschedule later in time or (3) switch to telemedicine consultation, trying to draw up as standardized as possible criteria.


id: cord-283555-pgel6i3y
author: Chan, Tak Kwong
title: Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations
date: 2020-05-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3008
sentence: 117
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt
txt: txt/cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt
summary:
  ► The proper approach to addressing shortage is to formulate stratified recommendations that take full account of the benefits of using face masks in the community and provide viable solutions at different scenarios (see table 3 in the main text). This commentary echoes the plea from Greenhalgh et al to encourage people to wear a disposable surgical mask (face mask) in the community.


id: cord-158415-qwxyuuz7
author: Chavda, Amit
title: Multi-Stage CNN Architecture for Face Mask Detection
date: 2020-09-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3184
sentence: 157
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-158415-qwxyuuz7.txt
txt: txt/cord-158415-qwxyuuz7.txt
summary:
  Single shot multibox detector, European Conference on Computer Vision A hybrid deep transfer learning model with machine learning methods for face mask detection in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic An algorithm for centroid-based tracking of moving objects System for Medical Mask Detection in the Operating Room Through Facial Attributes Identifying facemask-wearing condition using image super-resolution with classification network to prevent COVID-19 (2020), Unpublished results You Only Look Once: Unified real-time object detection Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks, Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition FAREC -CNN based efficient face recognition technique using Dlib Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Masked Face Recognition After using this method, there was a significant improvement in face mask detection in video streams.


id: cord-326869-306jquy3
author: Stewart, R.
date: 2020-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3211
sentence: 114
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-326869-306jquy3.txt
txt: txt/cord-326869-306jquy3.txt
title:
  Comparison of mental health service activity before and shortly after UK social distancing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: February-March 2020

summary:
  In summary, all grouped liaison, home treatment and community mental health services had substantially reduced face-to-face patient contacts, with variable and only partial compensatory increases in non-face-to-face contacts. key: cord-326869-306jquy3 authors: Stewart, R.; Martin, E.; Bakolis, I.; Broadbent, M.; Byrne, N.; Landau, S. title: Comparison of mental health service activity before and shortly after UK social distancing responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: February-March 2020 date: 2020-09-28 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.26.20202150 sha: doc_id: 326869 cord_uid: 306jquy3 This study sought to provide an early description of mental health service activity before and after national implementation of social distancing for COVID-19.


id: cord-355700-1yf1ae1d
author: Chen, Y.
title: How Efficient Can Non-Professional MasksSuppress COVID-19 Pandemic?
date: 2020-06-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3732
sentence: 173
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt
txt: txt/cord-355700-1yf1ae1d.txt
summary:
  With face mask k, the effective transmission rate β k can be formulated as where the amount of viruses per contact is reduced by factor γ 2 k , if both susceptible and infected individuals use face masks. For instance, for face mask k, we can compute the sum area of the surfaces of the total penetrated aerosols as where N k stands for the number of penetrate aerosols out of all N attacking aerosols, and d


id: cord-306441-clyhurjl
author: Jumat, Muhammad Raihan
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3670
sentence: 152
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-306441-clyhurjl.txt
txt: txt/cord-306441-clyhurjl.txt
title:
  From Trial to Implementation, Bringing Team-Based Learning Online—Duke-NUS Medical School’s Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

summary:
  The transition to online learning may be smoother for a traditional lecture-based course, as educators can share prerecorded lectures, or even deliver live lectures through videoconferencing platforms. Here, we detail the experiences learnt from the eLearning week in 2015 and the challenges faced in moving an entire module to online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020.


id: cord-288354-7ruoysxu
author: Howard, Matt C.
date: 2020-06-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3721
sentence: 172
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-288354-7ruoysxu.txt
txt: txt/cord-288354-7ruoysxu.txt
title:
  Understanding face mask use to prevent coronavirus and other illnesses: Development of a multidimensional face mask perceptions scale

summary:
  Future research could extend their findings to face masks by incorporating face mask perceptions as mediators of threats' and coping appraisals' effects on face mask wearing behaviours. From these efforts, we identify an avenue that social scientists can aid in preventing coronavirus and illness more broadly – by studying face mask perceptions and behaviours.


id: cord-339324-ab0ecwvw
author: Moret-Tatay, Carmen
title: Profiles on the Orientation Discrimination Processing of Human Faces
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4548
sentence: 207
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-339324-ab0ecwvw.txt
txt: txt/cord-339324-ab0ecwvw.txt
summary:
  key: cord-339324-ab0ecwvw authors: Moret-Tatay, Carmen; Baixauli-Fortea, Inmaculada; Grau-Sevilla, M. Dolores title: Profiles on the Orientation Discrimination Processing of Human Faces date: 2020-08-10 journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165772 sha: doc_id: 339324 cord_uid: ab0ecwvw Face recognition is a crucial subject for public health, as socialization is one of the main characteristics for full citizenship. At the applied level, this could be of interest with a view to conducting training programs in face recognition.


id: cord-301063-kqlra788
author: Li, Dion Tik Shun
title: Facial protection in the era of COVID‐19: a narrative review
date: 2020-06-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4714
sentence: 194
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-301063-kqlra788.txt
txt: txt/cord-301063-kqlra788.txt
summary:
  On the contrary, the healthcare systems, that appear to have been unprepared for emergencies of this nature, should be appropriately geared to handle the imbalance of supply and demand of personal protective equipment including face masks. While there is no doubt that wearing different types of facial cover including face masks is an important weapon in the prevention of cross infection in the healthcare setting (Meleney FL, 1926) , the efficacy of a majority of these appears to be yet unproven, and matter of conjecture and controversy.


id: cord-273748-xy4f5kon
author: Armijo, Priscila R.
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4388
sentence: 184
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt
txt: txt/cord-273748-xy4f5kon.txt
title:
  3D Printing of Face Shields to Meet the Immediate Need for PPE in an Anesthesiology Department during the COVID-19 Pandemic

summary:
  During the COVID-19 Pandemic, a series of supply chain issues, constant changes in PPE use policy, and higher demand for PPE led to shortages in PPE, specifically N95 masks and face shields. Face shields not only act as a barrier against the soiling of N95 face masks, they also serve as more effective eye protection from respiratory droplets over standard eye shields.


id: cord-332420-9vyik2e9
author: Probst, Thomas
date: 2020-09-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5011
sentence: 184
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt
txt: txt/cord-332420-9vyik2e9.txt
title:
  Being a Psychotherapist in Times of the Novel Coronavirus Disease: Stress-Level, Job Anxiety, and Fear of Coronavirus Disease Infection in More Than 1,500 Psychotherapists in Austria

summary:
  Means and SDs are shown in Table 3 . Psychotherapists with more reductions in the total (face-toface + telephone + internet) number of patients treated on average per week in COVID-19 as compared to the months before experienced comparable stress-level, r = −0.006, p = 0.818, as well as comparable job-related worries and fears of existence, r = −0.011, p = 0.660, as psychotherapists with less reductions in the total number of patients treated on average per week. Psychotherapists still practicing face-to-face during the COVID-19 lockdown had lower fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy than psychotherapists not practicing face-to-face during COVID-19.


id: cord-282879-28nhr1hv
author: Patel, Samir N.
date: 2020-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5248
sentence: 210
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-282879-28nhr1hv.txt
txt: txt/cord-282879-28nhr1hv.txt
title:
  The impact of physician face mask use on endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections

summary:
  Visual acuity outcomes for culture-positive endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial group factor injection in the face mask group vs. no talking group This study evaluated the rate of post-injection endophthalmitis with physician face mask use compared to a no talking policy without face mask use. Cases were divided into “face mask group” if face masks were worn by the physician during intravitreal injections or “no talking group” if no face mask was worn but a no talking policy was observed during intravitreal injections.


id: cord-283061-qr8xynn2
author: Uzzaman, Md. Nazim
date: 2020-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5408
sentence: 256
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-283061-qr8xynn2.txt
txt: txt/cord-283061-qr8xynn2.txt
title:
  Continuing professional education for general practitioners on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: feasibility of a blended learning approach in Bangladesh

summary:
  This is timely, given that online learning with limited face-to-face contact is likely to become the norm in the on-going COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast, one trainee preferred the traditional approach because it enabled him to focus on the topic for the duration of the course, whereas online learning could too easily be postponed.


id: cord-325726-65xxevp3
author: Patel, Piyush
title: Role of Additive Manufacturing in Medical Application COVID-19 Scenario: INDIA Case study
date: 2020-11-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5036
sentence: 227
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt
txt: txt/cord-325726-65xxevp3.txt
summary:
  Boson Machines, a Mumbai-based 3D printing firm IIT-Madras startups develop PPEs from 3D Printers and regular stationery materials Hyderabad start-up is 3D printing face shields, hands-free door openers to stave off COVID's spread China pushes all-out production of face masks in virus fight IIT Kanpur to produce 25,000 masks per day Available at Govt Panels Flag Issues with AgVa Ventilators Bought by PMCARES Fund 3D Printed Multipurpose Door Opener Tool for Covid 19. 3D printing


id: cord-337581-3rmrkq1k
author: Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús
date: 2020-07-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6826
sentence: 297
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt
txt: txt/cord-337581-3rmrkq1k.txt
title:
  Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain

summary:
  The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor’s and Master’s degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic.


id: cord-005385-hswyus24
author: Baehr, Peter
title: On the Edge of Solidarity: The Burqa and Public Life
date: 2012-08-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8591
sentence: 346
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-005385-hswyus24.txt
txt: txt/cord-005385-hswyus24.txt
summary:
  To understand with greater precision why this is so, it is useful to identify three kinds of attachment among strangers: political solidarity, social sympathy, and social solidarity. Political solidarity is an action or series of actions derived from an obligation: the duty, as we believe it to be, to support those who share similar political or quasi-political values to our own.


