        item: #1 of 40
          id: cord-007030-mewo9w43
      author: Hashim, Suhana
       title: The prevalence and preventive measures of the respiratory illness among Malaysian pilgrims in 2013 hajj season
        date: 2016-02-08
       words: 3905
      flesch: 49
     summary: Respiratory illness continues to exert a burden on hajj pilgrims in Makkah. 5 A recent study involving Malaysian hajj pilgrims found that 90% of them had at least one respiratory symptom.
    keywords: hajj; hand; illness; influenza; pilgrims; study; symptoms
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        item: #2 of 40
          id: cord-255339-oudj079q
      author: Al-Tayib, Omar A.
       title: An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia
        date: 2019-02-22
       words: 15858
      flesch: 42
     summary: Borne Zoonotic Dis Update on the global spread of dengue Virologic and serologic surveillance for dengue fever in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1994-1999 Clinical profile and outcome of hospitalized patients during first outbreak of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health (MOH) Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Phylogeny of dengue viruses circulating in Jeddah Reconstructing historical changes in the force of infection of dengue fever in Singapore: Implications for surveillance and control Dengue fever Clinical features of 567 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia Characteristics of dengue fever in a large public hospital Factors associated with the spread of dengue fever in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. According to a March 3 statement, another patient, a 74-year-old man from Najran located in southern Saudi Arabia, was reported.
    keywords: animals; camels; cases; control; countries; cov; data; disease; fever; health; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; jeddah; mers; pathogens; patients; rabies; saudi arabia; studies; study; virus; viruses; zoonotic
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        item: #3 of 40
          id: cord-255901-nl9k8uwd
      author: Barasheed, Osamah
       title: Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review
        date: 2016-03-29
       words: 4523
      flesch: 42
     summary: key: cord-255901-nl9k8uwd authors: Barasheed, Osamah; Alfelali, Mohammad; Mushta, Sami; Bokhary, Hamid; Alshehri, Jassir; Attar, Ammar A.; Booy, Robert; Rashid, Harunor title: Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review date: 2016-03-29 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.03.023 sha: doc_id: 255901 cord_uid: nl9k8uwd OBJECTIVES: The risk of acquisition and transmission of respiratory infections is high among attendees of mass gatherings (MGs).
    keywords: effectiveness; facemask; hajj; infections; influenza; pilgrims; respiratory; studies; study; uptake
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        item: #4 of 40
          id: cord-257200-q0vqlerz
      author: Zumla, A.
       title: What is the experience from previous mass gathering events? Lessons for Zika virus and the Olympics 2016
        date: 2016-06-15
       words: 2508
      flesch: 44
     summary: These are not usually regarded as mass gathering events, but nevertheless they pose the same problem in terms of the transmission of pathogens in the situation of a large number of people in a limited space. One of the first events that focused the international health community on mass gathering events was the outbreak of meningitis in 2000-2001 after the Hajj.
    keywords: gathering; hajj; health; infections; mass; pilgrims; risk
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        item: #5 of 40
          id: cord-258611-uzzs8w1j
      author: Ma, Xuezheng
       title: No MERS-CoV but positive influenza viruses in returning Hajj pilgrims, China, 2013–2015
        date: 2017-11-10
       words: 2150
      flesch: 48
     summary: In this study, we did not detect any cases of MERS-CoV infection but respiratory virus infections including influenza A and B, hMPV, hRSV, and human coronavirus were detected among Hajj pilgrims returning to China. Our sampling design would therefore include some healthy pilgrims, thereby decreasing the rate of detection of respiratory virus infections.
    keywords: hajj; influenza; mers; pilgrims; virus
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        item: #6 of 40
          id: cord-258711-3fqxr2yz
      author: Yezli, Saber
       title: Acquisition of respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens among health care workers during the 2015 Hajj season
        date: 2019-09-30
       words: 3981
      flesch: 45
     summary: However, the risk of acquisition and transmission of infections in such settings during the Hajj is even more significant first, infected pilgrims returning from the Hajj may assist in a wider spread outside the borders of the Kingdom, and second, Hajj HCWs may serve as a vehicle to transmit infections to other hospitals within the Kingdom on return to work post-Hajj. Participants were asked to fill in the questionnaire and to provide pre-Hajj (September 15, 2015 to September 20, 2015) and post-Hajj (September 26, 2015 to October 4, 2015) samples.
    keywords: ahsa; cohort; hajj; hcws; mecca; pilgrims; respiratory; symptoms
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        item: #7 of 40
          id: cord-258781-peppszqx
      author: Ishola, David A.
       title: Could influenza transmission be reduced by restricting mass gatherings? Towards an evidence-based policy framework
        date: 2011-08-18
       words: 8477
      flesch: 44
     summary: The type of mass gathering event seems to be of considerable importance in terms of the risk of influenza transmission ( Table 7) . In summary, the type of mass gathering event seems to influence the risk of influenza transmission, key factors being the degree of crowdedness, the event duration and, possibly, whether the event is held indoors or outdoors.
    keywords: event; evidence; gatherings; hajj; health; influenza; mass; outbreak; pandemic; public; review; studies; study; transmission
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        item: #8 of 40
          id: cord-259111-hffy6xtm
      author: Memish, Ziad A.
       title: The Hajj in The Time of an Ebola outbreak in West Africa
        date: 2014-10-31
       words: 1538
      flesch: 44
     summary: WHO Statement on the Meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee Regarding the Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease (EVD) key: cord-259111-hffy6xtm authors: Memish, Ziad A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A. title: The Hajj in The Time of an Ebola outbreak in West Africa date: 2014-10-31 journal: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.09.003 sha: doc_id: 259111 cord_uid: hffy6xtm nan This issue of Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease has a number of papers pertinent to infectious disease risks for pilgrims attending Hajj, one of the largest annual recurring mass gathering events that takes place in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
    keywords: ebola; hajj; health; pilgrims
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        item: #9 of 40
          id: cord-259966-szkiilb1
      author: Gautret, Philippe
       title: International mass gatherings and travel-associated illness: A GeoSentinel cross-sectional, observational study
        date: 2019-11-09
       words: 2012
      flesch: 37
     summary: Our data are also consistent with previous reports regarding the older age of Umrah and Hajj travelers [11] , and the younger age of Scout Jamboree travelers. Our results confirm the importance of influenza vaccination for Umrah and Hajj travelers [15] .
    keywords: geosentinel; hajj; mass; travelers
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        item: #10 of 40
          id: cord-261303-xjbz9fw9
      author: Ahmed, Qanta A.
       title: From the “Madding Crowd” to mass gatherings-religion, sport, culture and public health
        date: 2018-06-04
       words: 6660
      flesch: 47
     summary: Ahmed the WHO guidelines on communicable disease alert and response during mass gatherings Advancing the global health security agenda in light of the 2015 annual Hajj pilgrimage and other mass gatherings Cambodian Bon Om Touk stampede highlights preventable tragedy The impact of crowd control measures on the occurrence of stampedes during Mass Gatherings: the Hajj experience Human stampedes during religious festivals: a comparative review of mass gathering emergencies in India Crowd and environmental management during mass gatherings The Hillsborough tragedy Mass-gathering medicine: risks and patient presentations at a 2-day electronic dance music event Fire jumpers: description of burns and traumatic injuries from a spontaneous mass gathering and celebratory riot Characteristics associated with sexual assaults at mass gatherings Committee on Homeland Security. Because of both the magnitude of citizens gathering at mass gathering events whether for celebratory or spiritual purposes, the prize of disrupting a civilian event often garnering extraordinary mass media attention proves very tempting for nefarious actors [34] .
    keywords: crowd; events; gatherings; hajj; health; human; mass; mass gathering; people; pilgrimage; population; public; security; sporting; stampede; world
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        item: #11 of 40
          id: cord-265363-xw56intn
      author: Gautret, P.
       title: Incidence of Hajj-associated febrile cough episodes among French pilgrims: a prospective cohort study on the influence of statin use and risk factors
        date: 2014-12-12
       words: 3115
      flesch: 42
     summary: [15] , suggest that Hajj travellers departing from Marseille represent a category of travellers particularly at risk for travel-related diseases and that their socio-economic conditions should be considered during the pre-travel visit regarding cost-effective vaccines. Cough was defined as occurrence of cough with or without sputum in an individual without chronic cough and subjective aggravation of cough in individuals suffering from chronic respiratory diseases.
    keywords: cough; hajj; influenza; pilgrims; statin; study; travellers
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        item: #12 of 40
          id: cord-267427-kg84j802
      author: Dao, Thi Loi
       title: Epidemiology of human common coronavirus acquisition in pilgrims
        date: 2020-08-14
       words: 731
      flesch: 48
     summary: Future studies are needed to understand the clinical significance of common HCoVs acquisition in these populations. This report reveals the role of participation in a large gathering in common HCoVs acquisition and related infections.
    keywords: hcov; pilgrims
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        item: #13 of 40
          id: cord-268105-617qcgpe
      author: Refaey, Samir
       title: Cross‐sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS‐CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012‐2015
        date: 2016-11-11
       words: 871
      flesch: 37
     summary: key: cord-268105-617qcgpe authors: Refaey, Samir; Amin, Marwa Mohamed; Roguski, Katherine; Azziz‐Baumgartner, Eduardo; Uyeki, Timothy M.; Labib, Manal; Kandeel, Amr title: Cross‐sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS‐CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012‐2015 date: 2016-11-11 journal: The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS‐CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj.
    keywords: hajj; influenza; pilgrims
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        item: #14 of 40
          id: cord-270408-4qqyb8sd
      author: Pane, Masdalina
       title: Causes of Mortality for Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims: Comparison between Routine Death Certificate and Verbal Autopsy Findings
        date: 2013-08-21
       words: 3459
      flesch: 49
     summary: key: cord-270408-4qqyb8sd authors: Pane, Masdalina; Imari, Sholah; Alwi, Qomariah; Nyoman Kandun, I; Cook, Alex R.; Samaan, Gina title: Causes of Mortality for Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims: Comparison between Routine Death Certificate and Verbal Autopsy Findings date: 2013-08-21 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073243 sha: doc_id: 270408 cord_uid: 4qqyb8sd BACKGROUND: Indonesia provides the largest single source of pilgrims for the Hajj (10%). Pattern of diseases among visitors to Mina health centers during the Hajj season, 1429 H (2008 G) Hajj: health lessons for mass gatherings Common health hazards in French pilgrims during the Hajj of 2007: a prospective cohort study The epidemiology of Hajj-related critical illness: lessons for deployment of temporary critical care services* Comparison of mortality and morbidity rates among Iranian pilgrims in Hajj How to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity among Hajj Pilgrims: A multiphasic screening, intervention and assessment Verbal autopsy: current practices and challenges Potential and limits of verbal autopsies Factors associated with place of death in Addis Ababa Applying verbal autopsy to determine cause of death in rural Vietnam Accuracy of WHO Verbal Autopsy Tool in Determining Major Causes of Neonatal Deaths in India Verbal Autopsy Standards: Ascertaining and attributing causes of death Famine-affected, refugee, and displaced populations: recommendations for public health issues Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies Causes of admission to intensive care units in the Hajj period of the Islamic year 1424 Clinical and temporal patterns of severe pneumonia causing critical illness during Hajj A review of data-derived methods for assigning causes of death from verbal autopsy data Physical activity and stroke in British middle aged men Influence of graded dehydration on hyperthermia and cardiovascular drift during exercise Tuberculosis is the commonest cause of pneumonia requiring hospitalization during Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) High risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during the Hajj pilgrimage Country profile -Indonesia Indonesian pilgrims suffer high mortality rates despite predeparture screenings, accompanying medical teams and the availability of specialized health services during the Hajj.
    keywords: autopsy; death; hajj; health; indonesian; mortality; pilgrims
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        item: #15 of 40
          id: cord-275605-mbiojk39
      author: Benkouiten, Samir
       title: Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review
        date: 2018-12-04
       words: 5820
      flesch: 42
     summary: The prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms and role of protective measures among Malaysian hajj pilgrims The association between pre-morbid conditions and respiratory tract manifestations amongst Malaysian Hajj pilgrims The inevitable Hajj cough: surveillance data in French pilgrims High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the Acquisition of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj Pilot randomised controlled trial to test effectiveness of facemasks in preventing influenza-like illness transmission among Australian hajj pilgrims in 2011 Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus Circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage Lack of nasal carriage of novel corona virus (HCoV-EMC) in French Hajj pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2012, despite a high rate of respiratory symptoms Serological study of Bordetella Pertussis, Mycoplasma Pneumonia and Chlamydia Pneumonia in Iranian hajj pilgrims with prolonged cough illnesses: a follow-up study The prevalence and preventive measures of the respiratory illness among Malaysian pilgrims in 2013 Hajj season Influenza like illness (ILI): prevalence and preventive practices among Indian Haj pilgrims of Karnataka Impact of the Hajj on pneumococcal transmission Mass gathering and globalization of respiratory pathogens during the 2013 Hajj Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013 Acute febrile respiratory infection symptoms in Australian Hajjis at risk of exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Relative risk for influenza like illness in French Hajj pilgrims compared to non-Hajj attending controls during the 2009 influenza pandemic Patterns of diseases and preventive measures among domestic hajjis from Central Patterns of diseases and preventive measures among domestic hajjis from Central, Saudi Arabia Protective practices and respiratory illness among US travelers to the Occurrence of acute respiratory infection, diarrhea and jaundice among Afghan pilgrims Pattern of diseases and preventive measures among domestic Hajjis from Riyadh, 1431 H Protective measures against acute respiratory symptoms in French pilgrims participating in the Hajj of Surveying respiratory infections among Iranian Hajj pilgrims Hajj-associated acute respiratory infection among hajjis from Riyadh Effect of the use of face mask on hajj related acute respiratory infection among Hajjis from Riyadh, a health promotion intervention study The comparison of influenza vaccine efficacy on respiratory diseases among Iranian pilgrims in the 2003 and 2004 seasons The incidence of influenza like illness and determination of the efficacy of Flu vaccine in Iranian pilgrims during Hajj pilgrimage Incidence of hajj-related acute respiratory infection among hajjis from Riyadh, 1423 H The incidence of vaccine preventable influenza-like illness and medication use among Pakistani pilgrims to the Haj in Saudi Arabia Cross-sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS-CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012-2015 Comparison of mortality and morbidity rates among Iranian pilgrims in Hajj Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections among Iranian hajj pilgrims: a 5-year follow up study and review of the literature Trend of diseases among S Iranian pilgrims during five consecutive years based on a Syndromic Surveillance System in Hajj Incidence of Hajj-associated febrile cough episodes among French pilgrims: a prospective cohort study on the influence of statin use and risk factors MERS-CoV but positive influenza viruses in returning Hajj pilgrims Effect of influenza vaccination on acute respiratory symptoms in Malaysian hajj pilgrims Time to revisit presumptions on the essentiality of influenza vaccination for hajj pilgrims: a prospective cohort study international Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection among 2009 Hajj Pilgrims from Southern Iran: a real-time RT-PCR-based study Health related experiences among international pilgrims departing through King Abdul Aziz international airport Effects of flu vaccine, solely or accompanied by pneumovax-23 vaccine on clinical consequences of the respiratory diseases among Iranian pilgrims in Hajj Influenza among U.K. pilgrims to hajj Medical problems of Pakistani pilgrims in Saudi Arabia Impact of pH1N1 influenza A infections on the otolaryngology, head and neck clinic during hajj Pattern of diseases among visitors to Mina health centers during the Hajj season, 1429 H (2008 G) Pattern of diseases among visitors to Mina health centers during the Hajj season Road map of an ear, nose, and throat clinic during the 2008 hajj in makkah, Saudi arabia Causes of hospitalization of pilgrims in the Hajj season of the Islamic year Pattern of surgical and medical diseases among pilgrims attending Alnoor hospital makkah Infections in travellers returning to Turkey from the Arabian peninsula: a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study Clinical and temporal patterns of severe pneumonia causing critical illness during Hajj Severe sepsis and septic shock at the Hajj: etiologies and outcomes Pattern of diseases among visitors of health care facilities in Madinah during Hajj season, 1428 H (2007 G) Causes of admission to intensive care units in the Hajj period of the Islamic year 1424 Pattern of medical diseases and determinants of prognosis of hospitalization during Muslim pilgrimage Hajj in a tertiary care hospital. METHOD: The MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for all relevant papers published prior to February 2018 that evaluated the prevalence of clinical symptoms of respiratory infections, including pneumonia, among Hajj pilgrims, as well as their influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status.
    keywords: cough; hajj; ili; influenza; pilgrims; respiratory; studies; study; symptoms; vaccine
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        item: #16 of 40
          id: cord-286654-sox98pp3
      author: Gautret, Philippe
       title: The inevitable Hajj cough: Surveillance data in French pilgrims, 2012–2014
        date: 2015-10-03
       words: 2575
      flesch: 44
     summary: key: cord-286654-sox98pp3 authors: Gautret, Philippe; Benkouiten, Samir; Griffiths, Karolina; Sridhar, Shruti title: The inevitable Hajj cough: Surveillance data in French pilgrims, 2012–2014 date: 2015-10-03 journal: Travel Med Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2015.09.008 sha: doc_id: 286654 cord_uid: sox98pp3 BACKGROUND: Respiratory tract infections are the most common infection affecting Hajj pilgrims, and the ‘‘Hajj cough’’ is considered by pilgrims almost de rigueur. The incubation time of respiratory symptoms among pilgrims with Hajj cough was 7.7 days (range 0-25 days) with the majority of pilgrims having onset of symptoms during the first week of stay (58.5%)
    keywords: cough; hajj; pilgrims; respiratory; symptoms; tract
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        item: #17 of 40
          id: cord-287159-bjccnp7u
      author: Yavarian, Jila
       title: Influenza virus but not MERS coronavirus circulation in Iran, 2013–2016: Comparison between pilgrims and general population
        date: 2017-10-12
       words: 2745
      flesch: 46
     summary: The second aim was to assess the prevalence of influenza virus infections in these patients and the final aim was to comparison of influenza and MERS-CoV circulation between general population and pilgrims. Rhinoviruses were detected in half of UK pilgrims, followed by influenza virus but in Saudi pilgrims 78.5% had influenza virus infection
    keywords: hajj; infections; influenza; mers; pilgrims; study
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        item: #18 of 40
          id: cord-291821-ovfqfurf
      author: Memish, Ziad A
       title: Emergence of medicine for mass gatherings: lessons from the Hajj
        date: 2011-12-19
       words: 6622
      flesch: 54
     summary: The ruling empires focused on health issues and justifi ed inspections of Hajj sites for compliance with contemporary public health directives, often focusing on quarantine as a means of protection at a time when many international arrivals, including maritime travellers, were reaching Mecca. Pilgrims who are not well are provided transport by the Ministry of Health ambulance to Hajj sites as needed so they can complete their pilgrimage.
    keywords: arabia; cholera; disease; hajj; health; international; mecca; medicine; mgs; people; pilgrimage; pilgrims; saudi; security; time; travel; world
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        item: #19 of 40
          id: cord-293247-ltxt2dfv
      author: Elachola, Habida
       title: Advancing the global health security agenda in light of the 2015 annual Hajj pilgrimage and other mass gatherings
        date: 2015-10-09
       words: 1234
      flesch: 32
     summary: Although current GHSA is yet to specifically highlight mass gathering preparedness as a strategic priority even in countries with high participant contribution to mass gatherings, the 12 Global Health Security Agenda action packages and the strategies to minimize the implications of mass gathering on public health are similar. Mass gatherings offer opportunities to implement, test, and assess GHSA objectives in its entirety and can contribute significantly to health security of individuals, nations, and the world.
    keywords: countries; gatherings; hajj; health; mass
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        item: #20 of 40
          id: cord-299440-y6o5e2k5
      author: Elachola, Habida
       title: A crucial time for public health preparedness: Zika virus and the 2016 Olympics, Umrah, and Hajj
        date: 2016-02-07
       words: 1974
      flesch: 39
     summary: Although both countries may have robust vector control eff orts, no single approach is adequate to prevent mosquito bites and non-vector modes of Zika virus transmission; a combination of measures is needed at personal, community, and policy levels. Additionally, by training athletic coaches on prevention of Zika virus transmission, their frequent contacts with athletes can be used to remind athletes about the need for compliance with public health advisories.
    keywords: disease; hajj; mosquito; saudi; steatohepatitis; virus; zika
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        item: #21 of 40
          id: cord-302784-jkjdglns
      author: Alotaibi, Badriah
       title: Management of hospitalized drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis patients during the Hajj mass gathering: A cross sectional study
        date: 2019-07-13
       words: 4554
      flesch: 49
     summary: The management of TB patients was documented using a specifically designed data collection form which included patients' demographics data, underlying health conditions and TB risk factors as well as clinical data including various aspects of TB management such as patients' screening, infection prevention and control (IPC), TB diagnosis and treatment and case notification and outcome. Only 1 (3.2%) confirmed TB patient was managed in the ER.
    keywords: cases; guidelines; hajj; health; management; patients; study; tuberculosis
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        item: #22 of 40
          id: cord-305460-wln758og
      author: Alqahtani, Amani Salem
       title: Tracking Australian Hajj Pilgrims’ Health Behavior before, during and after Hajj, and the Effective Use of Preventive Measures in Reducing Hajj-Related Illness: A Cohort Study
        date: 2020-05-04
       words: 5394
      flesch: 47
     summary: This cohort study captured and compared the health behavior, knowledge, attitudes and practices of Australian Hajj pilgrims regarding preventative measures against communicable diseases throughout the course of Hajj travel (before, during and after the journey). Is it correlated with vaccine uptake? Health related experiences among international pilgrims departing through King Abdul Aziz international airport The prevalence and preventive measures of the respiratory illness among Malaysian pilgrims in 2013 hajj season Changes in the prevalence of influenza-like illness and influenza vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims: A 10-year retrospective analysis of data Influenza vaccine effectiveness among Hajj pilgrims: A test-negative case-control analysis of data from different Hajj years Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial to Test Effectiveness of Facemasks in Preventing Influenza-like Illness Transmission among Australian Hajj Pilgrims in 2011 Travel Reported by Pilgrims From Marseille, France Before and After the 2010 Hajj:
    keywords: hajj; health; influenza; measures; pilgrims; study; symptoms; use
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        item: #23 of 40
          id: cord-310557-d33ll0ka
      author: Alotaibi, Badriah M.
       title: Strengthening health security at the Hajj mass gatherings: characteristics of the infectious diseases surveillance systems operational during the 2015 Hajj
        date: 2017-02-26
       words: 4302
      flesch: 37
     summary: International engagement is important to strengthen Hajj infectious diseases surveillance and to prevent disease transmission and globalization of infectious agents which could undermine global health security. Additionally, public health surveillance systems play a substantial role in providing reassurance of the absence of a deleterious public health event to mass gathering organizers and political office holders during an international mass gathering.
    keywords: cases; diseases; hajj; health; mass; pilgrims; saudi; surveillance; systems; teams
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        item: #24 of 40
          id: cord-311654-ixn65hxb
      author: Zumla, Alimuddin
       title: COVID-19 and the scaled-down 2020 Hajj Pilgrimage - Decisive, logical and prudent decision making by Saudi authorities overcomes pre-Hajj public health concerns
        date: 2020-08-08
       words: 1419
      flesch: 33
     summary: WHO with global MG partners, developed comprehensive key recommendations for COVID-19, and since end of February, 2020, there was a stepwise increase in cancellation, temporary suspension or postponement of international and national religious, sporting, musical, and other MGs, as countries worldwide took public health and other measures (WHO, 2020b; McCloskey et al, 2020; Petersen, McCloskey et al, 2020) . In early June 2020, after careful consideration, the Saudi government took decisive, logical, logistical and prudent decisions (Saudi Ministry of Hajj and Umrah, 2020) to overcome these pre-Hajj nightmares of public health, political, economic and religious concerns.
    keywords: hajj; health; public; saudi
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        item: #25 of 40
          id: cord-314421-j5psma9i
      author: Ahmed, Qanta A.
       title: The cancellation of mass gatherings (MGs)? Decision making in the time of COVID-19
        date: 2020-03-14
       words: 3174
      flesch: 52
     summary: With such huge number of pilgrims from almost every nation on earth, Hajj planners and the KSA government have been focused on ways to contain the coronavirus through the lens of an international perspective. We also predict that Hajj planners and the Saudi authorities will very much set the tone for the international community in addressing many forthcoming mass gatherings including the forthcoming Olympics in Japan (see Fig. 1 ).
    keywords: china; coronavirus; hajj; health; ksa; outbreak; public; time
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        item: #26 of 40
          id: cord-314607-bcocsjij
      author: Memish, Ziad A.
       title: The prevalance of respiratory viruses among healthcare workers serving pilgrims in Makkah during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic
        date: 2011-12-23
       words: 3489
      flesch: 48
     summary: The pre-Hajj questionnaire was about demographics (age, sex, occupation, and nationality), medical history (chronic disease and smoking), vaccination history (including H1N1 and seasonal influenza), and knowledge of H1N1 influenza (symptoms, transmission, and prevention). Demographics, medical history, vaccination history, knowledge of H1N1 influenza, and compliance with infection control practices are presented as frequencies.
    keywords: h1n1; hajj; healthcare; infections; influenza; pilgrims; rhinovirus; workers
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        item: #27 of 40
          id: cord-316727-ktrlohm9
      author: Razavi, Seyed Mansour
       title: Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections among Iranian hajj pilgrims: a 5-year follow up study and review of the literature
        date: 2014-05-10
       words: 4677
      flesch: 46
     summary: The main aim of our study was to determine types, frequencies, etiologies, and epidemiologic factors of respiratory diseases among Iranian Hajj pilgrims and to suggest some preventive and treatment strategies. We introduced some epidemiological factors as effective in creating respiratory diseases.
    keywords: administration; antibiotics; diseases; factors; hajj; infections; influenza; pilgrims; study; treatment
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        item: #28 of 40
          id: cord-318315-r6wqywwe
      author: Memish, Ziad A.
       title: Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj—part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program
        date: 2014-06-23
       words: 3093
      flesch: 45
     summary: The etiology of severe pneumonia is complex and includes the newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Since 2012, the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) has required screening for MERS-CoV for all cases of severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization.
    keywords: cov; hajj; mers; pathogens; patients; pneumonia; samples
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        item: #29 of 40
          id: cord-319784-lpmsalux
      author: Alqahtani, Amani S.
       title: Pilot use of a novel smartphone application to track traveller health behaviour and collect infectious disease data during a mass gathering: Hajj pilgrimage 2014
        date: 2015-08-13
       words: 3511
      flesch: 48
     summary: The case for effective post-Hajj surveillance for infection Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus New digital technologies for the surveillance of infectious diseases at mass gathering events Hospital electronic medical recordbased public health surveillance system deployed during the 2002 Winter Olympic Games Illness and injury in athletes during the competition period at the London 2012 Paralympic games: development and implementation of a web-based surveillance system (WEB-IISS) for team medical staff Causes of mortality for Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims: comparison between routine death certificate and verbal autopsy findings Digital Industry Association for Australia. In order to reduce the risk of ARI among Hajj pilgrims, the Saudi Arabian health authority recommends a range of infection control measures [4] , however, compliance to these measures is highly variable
    keywords: app; data; hajj; health; participants; pilgrims; questionnaire; study
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        item: #30 of 40
          id: cord-323455-26xi2lqf
      author: AlBarrak, Ali
       title: Proportion of adult community-acquired pneumonia cases attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae among Hajj pilgrims in 2016
        date: 2018-02-21
       words: 4240
      flesch: 41
     summary: A proportion of CAP cases among Hajj pilgrims were attributable to S. pneumoniae, a pathogen for which vaccines are available. Patients were enrolled from all general hospitals (excluding specialty hospitals such as obstetrics and gynecology hospitals and pediatric hospitals) designated to treat Hajj pilgrims.
    keywords: cap; cases; disease; hajj; pilgrims; pneumoniae; study
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        item: #31 of 40
          id: cord-324215-1tzbvgyr
      author: Pane, Masdalina
       title: Indonesian Hajj Cohorts and Mortality in Saudi Arabia from 2004 to 2011
        date: 2019-03-17
       words: 3377
      flesch: 50
     summary: The data obtained from Hajj medical service records also include hospital death certificates or flight doctor's records if a death occurred in the community. The ICD-10 coding used in the cause of death remains an important source of data for Hajj health evaluation.
    keywords: deaths; flight; hajj; health; medical; mortality; pilgrims
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        item: #32 of 40
          id: cord-326768-uo6482ah
      author: Hashem, Anwar M.
       title: MERS‐CoV, influenza and other respiratory viruses among symptomatic pilgrims during 2014 Hajj season
        date: 2019-02-20
       words: 1841
      flesch: 35
     summary: Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: a systematic review Health risks at the Hajj Respiratory tract infection during Hajj Causes of hospitalization of pilgrims in the Hajj season of the Islamic year Infections in travellers returning to Turkey from the Arabian peninsula: a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study Respiratory tract infections during the annual Hajj: potential risks and mitigation strategies The prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms and role of protective measures among Malaysian hajj pilgrims Influenza a common viral infection among Hajj pilgrims: time for routine surveillance and vaccination High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana Circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections in British Hajj pilgrims 2 Patterns of reported respiratory symptoms and detected respiratory viruses during Hajj days. The remaining nine coinfections were due to the unique combination of respiratory viruses (Table 3) .
    keywords: hajj; influenza; pilgrims; respiratory; viruses
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        item: #33 of 40
          id: cord-329275-cd71wttk
      author: Benkouiten, Samir
       title: Respiratory Viruses and Bacteria among Pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj
        date: 2014-11-17
       words: 3571
      flesch: 40
     summary: The prevalence of S. pneumoniae in post-Hajj specimens was significantly lower in persons who reported using hand sanitizer during their stay in Saudi Arabia than in remaining participants (55.2% vs. 76.2%; p = 0.021) (odds ratio 0.39, 95% CI 0.17-0.88) and slightly lower in persons who reported more frequent handwashing than usual during their stay in Saudi Arabia than in persons who reported usual handwashing (54.7% vs. 69.2%; p = 0.08). Overall, 21.5% and 38.8% of pre-Hajj and post-Hajj specimens, respectively, were positive for ≥1 virus (p = 0.003).
    keywords: arabia; hajj; participants; pilgrims; respiratory; saudi; specimens
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        item: #34 of 40
          id: cord-331980-m6dflwmm
      author: Alqahtani, Amani S.
       title: Association between Australian Hajj Pilgrims’ awareness of MERS-CoV, and their compliance with preventive measures and exposure to camels
        date: 2016-07-18
       words: 2322
      flesch: 50
     summary: This may indicate that among Hajj pilgrims, there may be unique factors and barriers that affect their compliance with preventive measures against the infectious diseases which needs further investigation. Only 28% of Australian Hajj pilgrims were aware of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia.
    keywords: camels; cov; hajj; mers; pilgrims
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        item: #35 of 40
          id: cord-339124-m7choyr6
      author: Hoang, Van-Thuan
       title: Hajj and Umrah Mass Gatherings and COVID-19 Infection
        date: 2020-11-03
       words: 4384
      flesch: 47
     summary: Duration of event ✓ Keeping the duration of the event to a minimum to limit contact among participants • Risk communication ✓ Ensuring coordination and consistency in crafting and delivering culturally appropriate and language specific messages to participants and the public ✓ Disseminating key messages in line with national health policies • Surveillance of participants, aimed at detecting and managing individuals developing symptoms during the event ✓ Detection and management of event-related COVID-19 cases should be conducted in accordance with national policies and regulations, within the framework of national health systems ✓ Isolation facilities should be made available at the event site ✓ Arrangements with national and local health authorities regarding diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 cases identified during the event Post-event phase Liaison between event organizers and health authorities, along the following lines: ✓ In case participants or staff develop symptoms during the event, event organizers should liaise with national and local health authorities, as well with those of the participant's home city or country, and facilitate sharing of information ✓ Individuals who develop symptoms upon returning to their home city or country should be advised to contact public health authorities about their potential exposure ✓ Liaison between event organizers and health authorities is required to ensure that systems are in place to detect cases arising The level of COVID-19 outbreak had been linked to large religious MGs in several countries. Hajj statistics 2019-1440 Forecasting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia using ARIMA prediction model under current public health interventions Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatherings Non-pharmaceutical interventions for the prevention of respiratory tract infections during Hajj pilgrimage Covid-19 and community mitigation strategies in a pandemic A single mass gathering resulted in massive transmission of COVID-19 infections in Malaysia with further international spread COVID-19 outbreak on the diamond princess cruise ship in The delay in confirming COVID-19 cases linked to a religious Group in Korea Large outbreak of coronavirus disease among wedding attendees Spread of Novel coronavirus by returning pilgrims from Iran to Pakistan A cluster of COVID-19 in pilgrims to Israel Pilgrimage and COVID-19: the risk among returnees from Muslim countries This study funds a high attack rate (38%) of SARS-CoV-2 infection at a mass gathering event Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis Who's at higher risk from coronavirus (COVID-19) Antibiotic use for respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims: a cohort survey and review of the literature An evaluation of health policy implementation for Hajj pilgrims in Indonesia Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe and the effect of travel restrictions Observations of the global epidemiology of COVID-19 from the prepandemic period using web-based surveillance: a crosssectional analysis Religious tourism and mass religious gatherings -the potential link in the spread of COVID-19.
    keywords: cases; covid-19; event; hajj; health; pilgrimage; pilgrims; risk; umrah
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        item: #36 of 40
          id: cord-341775-mucatzaa
      author: Shafi, Shuja
       title: The annual Hajj pilgrimage—minimizing the risk of ill health in pilgrims from Europe and opportunity for driving the best prevention and health promotion guidelines
        date: 2016-06-22
       words: 2254
      flesch: 41
     summary: However, there is conflicting evidence about the efficacy of influenza vaccine in protecting Hajj pilgrims. [24] [25] [26] Meningococcal vaccine is a prerequisite for all pilgrims; Hajj visas cannot be issued without proof of meningococcal vaccination.
    keywords: diseases; hajj; health; ksa; mass; pilgrims
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        item: #37 of 40
          id: cord-347907-0nrejsgr
      author: Alqahtani, Amani S.
       title: Exploring barriers to and facilitators of preventive measures against infectious diseases among Australian Hajj pilgrims: cross-sectional studies before and after Hajj
        date: 2016-02-10
       words: 4274
      flesch: 49
     summary: Parliament of Australia Health Regulations for travelers to Saudi Arabia for Umrah and pilgrimage (Hajj) Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Influenza vaccination among Australian Hajj pilgrims: uptake, attitudes, and barriers Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey concerning antimicrobial use among Australian Hajj pilgrims The inevitable Hajj cough: surveillance data in French pilgrims Changes in the prevalence of influenza-like illness and influenza vaccine uptake among Hajj pilgrims: a 10-year retrospective analysis of data Pneumococcal vaccine uptake among Australian Hajj pilgrims in 2011-13 Prevention of pneumococcal infections during mass gathering Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj-part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program Pneumococcal infections at Hajj: current knowledge gaps Australian Hajj pilgrims' knowledge about MERS-CoV and other respiratory infections French Hajj pilgrims' experience with pneumococcal infection and vaccination: a knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) evaluation Health conditions for travellers to Saudi Arabia for the Umra and pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)-2014 Pilgrims from Marseille, France, to Mecca: demographics and vaccination status Pattern of diseases and preventive measures among domestic Hajjis from Riyadh, 1431 H Hazards of hepatitis at the Hajj Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatherings Epidemiological pattern of diseases and risk behaviors of pilgrims attending Mina hospitals, Hajj 1427 h (2007 g) Pre-Hajj health-related advice Determinants of tetanus, diphtheria and poliomyelitis vaccinations among Hajj pilgrims, Marseille, France Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi Health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj Behavioral risk factors for diseases during Hajj 1422 H Detection of respiratory viruses among pilgrims in Saudi Arabia during the time of a declared influenza A (H1N1) pandemic Predictors for the uptake of recommended vaccinations in Mecca travelers who visited the Public Health Service Amsterdam for mandatory meningitis vaccination Predictors of protective behaviors among American travelers to the 2009 Hajj Respiratory viruses and bacteria among pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj The use of facemasks to prevent respiratory infection: a literature review in the context of the Health Belief Model Air quality in Mecca and surrounding holy places in Saudi Arabia during Hajj: initial survey Incidence of Hajj-related acute respiratory infection among Hajjis from Riyadh Hajj-associated acute respiratory infection among Hajjis from Riyadh Sources of health education for international Arab pilgrims and the effect of this education on their practices towards health hazards in Hajj Time for patient leaflets on the Hajj There is currently no formal guidance from the Saudi MoH on the use of pneumococcal vaccine for Hajj pilgrims, which may partly explain this apparent lack of awareness (Table 1) .
    keywords: advice; hajj; health; measures; pilgrims; study; travel; uptake; vaccine
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        item: #38 of 40
          id: cord-349956-h4i2t2cr
      author: Hoang, Van-Thuan
       title: The dynamics and interactions of respiratory pathogen carriage among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj
        date: 2019-11-21
       words: 4857
      flesch: 41
     summary: key: cord-349956-h4i2t2cr authors: Hoang, Van-Thuan; Dao, Thi-Loi; Ly, Tran Duc Anh; Belhouchat, Khadidja; Chaht, Kamel Larbi; Gaudart, Jean; Mrenda, Bakridine Mmadi; Drali, Tassadit; Yezli, Saber; Alotaibi, Badriah; Fournier, Pierre-Edouard; Raoult, Didier; Parola, Philippe; de Santi, Vincent Pommier; Gautret, Philippe title: The dynamics and interactions of respiratory pathogen carriage among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj date: 2019-11-21 journal: Emerg Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1693247 sha: doc_id: 349956 cord_uid: h4i2t2cr We conducted this study to describe the dynamics of the acquisition of respiratory pathogens, their potential interactions and risk factors for possible lower respiratory tract infection symptoms (LRTI) among French pilgrims during the 2018 Hajj. Unadjusted associations between respiratory pathogen carriage with multiples factors: sociodemographic characteristics (gender, ≥60 years), chronic respiratory disease, BMI classification, smoking status; individual preventive measures (vaccination against influenza, vaccination against IPD, use of a face mask, hand washing, disinfectant gel and disposable handkerchiefs); antibiotic intake 10 days before each sample; respiratory virus or bacteria and dual carriage were analysed by univariable analysis.
    keywords: aureus; carriage; catarrhalis; hajj; influenzae; pathogens; pilgrims; pneumoniae; symptoms
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        item: #39 of 40
          id: cord-354011-v9t2b2ca
      author: Benkouiten, Samir
       title: Circulation of Respiratory Viruses Among Pilgrims During the 2012 Hajj Pilgrimage
        date: 2013-10-01
       words: 3759
      flesch: 46
     summary: Applicability of a real-time quantitative PCR assay for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of human metapneumoviruses from all known genetic lineages Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses Pring-Akerblom P. Rapid and quantitative detection of human adenovirus DNA by real-time PCR A retrospective overview of enterovirus infection diagnosis and molecular epidemiology in the public hospitals of Marseille RNA and DNA bacteriophages as molecular diagnosis controls in clinical virology: a comprehensive study of more than 45 000 routine PCR tests Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections in British Hajj pilgrims Viral respiratory infections at the Hajj: comparison between UK and Saudi pilgrims Detection of respiratory viruses among pilgrims in Saudi Arabia during the time of a declared influenza A(H1N1) pandemic Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among Iranian Hajj pilgrims Influenza vaccine in Hajj pilgrims: policy issues from field studies Influenza viral infections among the Iranian Hajj pilgrims returning to Shiraz, Fars province Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection among 2009 Hajj pilgrims from southern Iran: a real-time RT-PCR-based study Human rhinoviruses Clinical effects of rhinovirus infections Pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection Transmission of rhinovirus colds by self-inoculation Aerosol transmission of rhinovirus colds A randomized trial of the efficacy of hand disinfection for prevention of rhinovirus infection Lack of nasal carriage of novel corona virus (HCoV-EMC) in French Hajj pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2012, despite a high rate of respiratory symptoms Travel reported by pilgrims from Marseille Evaluation of PCR testing of ethanol-fixed nasal swab specimens as an augmented surveillance strategy for influenza virus and adenovirus identification The viral etiology of an influenza-like illness during the 2009 pandemic Bacteria and viruses that cause respiratory tract infections during the pilgrimage (Haj) season in Makkah, Saudi Arabia key: cord-354011-v9t2b2ca authors: Benkouiten, Samir; Charrel, Rémi; Belhouchat, Khadidja; Drali, Tassadit; Salez, Nicolas; Nougairede, Antoine; Zandotti, Christine; Memish, Ziad A.; al Masri, Malak; Gaillard, Catherine; Parola, Philippe; Brouqui, Philippe; Gautret, Philippe title: Circulation of Respiratory Viruses Among Pilgrims During the 2012 Hajj Pilgrimage date: 2013-10-01 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit446 sha: doc_id: 354011 cord_uid: v9t2b2ca Background.
    keywords: hajj; hrv; influenza; ksa; pilgrims; respiratory; symptoms; viruses
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        item: #40 of 40
          id: cord-356048-nku844kt
      author: Hoang, Van-Thuan
       title: Infectious Diseases and Mass Gatherings
        date: 2018-08-28
       words: 5047
      flesch: 41
     summary: longitudinal molecular surveillance study Causes of mortality for Indonesian Hajj Pilgrims: comparison between routine death certificate and verbal autopsy findings Hajjassociated viral respiratory infections: a systematic review A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana The spectrum of respiratory pathogens among returning Hajj pilgrims: myths and reality Influenza A and B viruses but Not MERS-CoV in Hajj Pilgrims Estimating potential incidence of MERS-CoV associated with Hajj Pilgrims to Saudi Arabia The Hajj pilgrimage and surveillance for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pilgrims from African countries Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in French pilgrims after Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj Lack of nasal carriage of novel corona virus (HCoV-EMC) in French Hajj pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2012, despite a high rate of respiratory symptoms Genetic characterization and diversity of circulating influenza A/H1N1pdm09 viruses isolated in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between Tuberculosis and mass gatherings-opportunities for defining burden, transmission risk, and the optimal surveillance, prevention, and control measures at the annual Hajj pilgrimage Undiagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis among pilgrims during the 2015 Hajj mass gathering: a prospective cross-sectional study Diarrhea at the Hajj and Umrah An outbreak of gastroenteritis among Iranian pilgrims of Hajj during 2011 Occurrence of Tropheryma whipplei during diarrhea in Hajj pilgrims: a PCR analysis of paired rectal swabs Acquisition of enteric pathogens by pilgrims during the 2016 Hajj pilgrimage: a prospective cohort study Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons Pharyngeal carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis before and after the Hajj pilgrimage Risk factors for acquisition of CTX-M genes in pilgrims during Hajj Prescribing pattern at community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey concerning antimicrobial use among Australian Hajj pilgrims This study evidence a high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance bacteria in pilgrims hospitalized in Saudi Arabia Communicable disease alert and response for mass gatherings: key considerations Mass gatherings and infectious diseases: prevention, detection, and control Hajj: infectious disease surveillance and control Global perspectives for prevention of infectious diseases associated with mass gatherings Health risks at the Hajj The challenges of cholera at the 2017 Hajj pilgrimage Meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings The threat of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: a comprehensive review Chief complaints and diagnosis of patients visited by caravan physicians during hajj 2010 Active screening and surveillance in the United Kingdom for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in returning travellers and pilgrims from the Middle East: a prospective descriptive study for the period 2013-2015 Event based surveillance of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Bangladesh among pilgrims and travelers from the Middle East: an update for the period 2013-2016 Acute respiratory infections among returning Hajj pilgrims-Jordan Acute rhinosinusitis during Hajj season 2014: prevalence of bacterial infection and patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility Influenza not MERS CoV among returning Hajj and Umrah pilgrims with respiratory illness Morbidity and mortality amongst Indian Hajj pilgrims: a 3-year experience of Indian Hajj medical mission in mass-gathering medicine Influenza virus but not MERS coronavirus circulation in Iran, 2013-2016: comparison between pilgrims and general population Mass gathering medicine (Hajj Pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia): the clinical pattern of pneumonia among pilgrims during Hajj Etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia during the 2013 Hajj-part of the MERS-CoV surveillance program Proportion of adult community-acquired pneumonia cases attributable to Streptococcus pneumoniae among Hajj pilgrims in 2016 Treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections among Iranian hajj pilgrims: a 5-year follow up study and review of the literature Trend of diseases among Iranian pilgrims during five consecutive years based on a Syndromic Surveillance System in Hajj Patterns of diseases and preventive measures among domestic hajjis from Central, Saudi Arabia Demographic distribution and transmission potential of influenza A and 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 in pilgrims Molecular dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in Hajj pilgrims This 3-year surveillance survey evidences the high prevalence of respiratory symptoms in French pilgrims Cross-sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and MERS-CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012-2015.
    keywords: cases; diseases; hajj; health; infections; influenza; mass; mgs; pilgrims; prevalence; study; surveillance
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