# bib

id: cord-336572-n6juf8tw
author: Kalligeros, Markos
date: 2020-08-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 864
sentence: 32
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-336572-n6juf8tw.txt
txt: txt/cord-336572-n6juf8tw.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine use in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: An observational matched cohort study

summary:
  Among 36 patients who received HCQ, 32 patients received HCQ along with azithromycin, while 4 patients received HCQ monotherapy due to prolonged QTc on baseline. A comparison between HCQ monotherapy and HCQ with azithromycin was not performed due to the small number of patients receiving HCQ monotherapy.


id: cord-320499-76o2zj0v
author: Davoodi, Lotfollah
title: Hydroxychloroquine-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome in COVID-19: a rare case report
date: 2020-06-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1387
sentence: 63
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt
txt: txt/cord-320499-76o2zj0v.txt
summary:
  One of the drugs prescribed to improve the condition of COVID-19 patients is the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which recently reported as a supportive drug for shortening the duration of COVID-19 symptoms, reducing inflammatory reactions to infection, impairing the exacerbation of pneumonia and boosting lung imaging findings [3] . Like all medications, HCQ has side effects and may occur in COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-317561-ewo6vvlr
author: Jha, Sujeet
title: HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 did not show any QTc prolongation in Healthcare workers
date: 2020-11-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1536
sentence: 77
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt
txt: txt/cord-317561-ewo6vvlr.txt
summary:
  key: cord-317561-ewo6vvlr authors: Jha, Sujeet; Batra, Nitish; Siddiqui, Samreen; Yadav, Ashutosh; Misra, Archa; Loomba, Menka; Sethi, Sumeet; Waghdhare, Swati title: HCQ prophylaxis in COVID-19 did not show any QTc prolongation in Healthcare workers date: 2020-11-10 journal: Indian Heart J DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2020.11.005 sha: doc_id: 317561 cord_uid: ewo6vvlr BACKGROUND: HCQ is a commonly recommended drug for the prophylaxis of COVID-19. We did not have any participants having any structural/congenital heart disease and none of them The present study was aimed to find any effect of HCQ prophylaxis on QTc prolongation amongst the HCWs.


id: cord-354653-m0717ywt
author: Leung, Alexander KC
date: 2020-07-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1661
sentence: 76
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-354653-m0717ywt.txt
txt: txt/cord-354653-m0717ywt.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine-induced hyperpigmentation in a 14-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus

summary:
  Cutaneous pigmentation occurs in 10-25% of patients after a few months to a few years of treatment with HCQ. 2, 3, 6, 18 In one study of 41 patients treated with HCQ, pigmentation appeared after a median duration of HCQ treatment of 32 months (range 6-108 months). On the other hand, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)-induced hyperpigmentation is an uncommon but increasingly recognized side effect of HCQ therapy.


id: cord-307570-8f83k2ce
author: Prodromos, Chadwick
title: Hydroxychloroquine is effective, and consistently so used early, for Covid-19: A systematic review
date: 2020-10-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2766
sentence: 94
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt
txt: txt/cord-307570-8f83k2ce.txt
summary:
  We hypothesized that HCQ clinical studies would show significant efficacy more often 32 than not for COVID-19; and that efficacy would be greater if HCQ were used earlier in the course of the 33 disease. The third is that there are no unbiased studies showing a negative 86 effect of HCQ treatment of COVID-19.


id: cord-353749-2vlc11rx
author: Stricker, Raphael B
title: Flattening the Risk: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19
date: 2020-10-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3092
sentence: 123
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt
txt: txt/cord-353749-2vlc11rx.txt
summary:
  Protecting frontline health care workers from COVID-19 with hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled multisite trial in Toronto vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc for the prevention of COVID-19 infection (HELPCOVID-19) Hydroxychloroquine in the COVID-19 pandemic era: in pursuit of a rational use for prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine vs placebo for preexposure SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis among health care workers: A randomized clinical trial Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial Beyond the randomized controlled trial: a review of alternatives in mHealth clinical trial methods Effect of a US National Institutes of Health programme of clinical trials on public health and costs Characteristics and strength of evidence of COVID-19 studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov COVID-19: real-time dissemination of scientific information to fight a public health emergency of international concern Mefloquine at the crossroads? [31] Malaria prophylaxis with HCQ may contribute in part to the reportedly low rate of COVID-19 infection seen so far in sub-Saharan Africa.


id: cord-328714-jg562twk
author: Oscanoa, Teodoro J.
date: 2020-10-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3311
sentence: 141
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-328714-jg562twk.txt
txt: txt/cord-328714-jg562twk.txt
title:
  Frequency of Long QT in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Treated with Hydroxychloroquine: a Meta-analysis

summary:
  Hear Rhythm & Gupta R. Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Young Adults with Mild to Moderate Covid-19 at a University Hospital in India Multicenter pointprevalence evaluation of the utilization and safety of drug therapies for COVID-19 Experience of short-term hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients and effect on QTc trend Incidence and determinants of QT interval prolongation in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin Conduction abnormalities in hydroxychloroquine add on therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 Association of Hydroxychloroquine with QTc Interval in Patients with COVID-19 A short therapeutic regimen based on hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 in patients with non-severe disease. Electrocardiographic safety of daily Hydroxychloroquine 400mg plus Azithromycin 250mg as an ambulatory treatment for COVID-19 patients in Cameroon Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial Risk of QT Interval Prolongation Associated With Use of Hydroxychloroquine With or Without Concomitant Azithromycin Among Hospitalized Patients Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin.


id: cord-283064-ncyhvkwl
author: Rowland Yeo, Karen
date: 2020-06-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4644
sentence: 173
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-283064-ncyhvkwl.txt
txt: txt/cord-283064-ncyhvkwl.txt
title:
  Impact of disease on plasma and lung exposure of chloroquine, hydroxy‐chloroquine and azithromycin: application of PBPK modelling

summary:
  Although the increase in CQ lung exposure is more sensitive to changes in pH than the added complication of renal impairment (protein binding and GFR), the combined effect resulted in 50-to 100fold increases relative to the control scenario (lung pH=6.7 and normal GFR) ( Table 2) . A reduction in pH from 6.7 to 6 in the lung, as observed in respiratory disease, led to 20‐, 4.0‐ and 2.7‐fold increases in lung exposure of CQ, HCQ and AZ, respectively.


id: cord-324707-9ld73wv1
author: Mitjà, Oriol
title: Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults with Mild Covid-19: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
date: 2020-07-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4274
sentence: 180
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt
txt: txt/cord-324707-9ld73wv1.txt
summary:
  While WHO has recommended a measure of viral burden in Covid-19 clinical trials, they have neither set up the optimal time for measurement nor the minimal threshold for significant reduction between arms. The added value of our study is the randomized-controlled design and the use of the agreed minimal outcome set for Covid-19 clinical trials, including RT-PCR to conclusively determine the viral burden.


id: cord-304669-aiuiotds
author: Afsin, Abdulmecit
date: 2020-08-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4566
sentence: 206
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-304669-aiuiotds.txt
txt: txt/cord-304669-aiuiotds.txt
title:
  Effects of Short-Term Hydroxychloroquine Plus Moxifloxacin Therapy on Corrected QT Interval and Tp-e Interval in Patients With COVID-19

summary:
  Patients with ECGs that could not be analyzed (n = 10), patients with branch block in ECG (n = 5), COVID-19 patients with a positive PCR test (n = 47), and those without follow-up ECG (n = 40) were excluded. Our study showed that this combination therapy can be administered safely in COVID-19 patients with close ECG monitoring.


id: cord-321337-tg8kfiot
author: Hulme, Oliver J
date: 2020-04-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5373
sentence: 241
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-321337-tg8kfiot.txt
txt: txt/cord-321337-tg8kfiot.txt
title:
  A Bayesian reanalysis of the effects of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on viral carriage in patients with COVID-19

summary:
  HCQ group refers to all patients treated with either HCQ mono or HCQ +AZ . Performing the same analysis approach to the question of whether AZ improves HCQ treatment, we find moderate 1 https://diagnostics.roche.com/global/en/products/params/cobas-sars-cov-2-test.html .


id: cord-351510-8m4930bc
author: Aquino, Yves S J
date: 2020-07-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5068
sentence: 200
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt
txt: txt/cord-351510-8m4930bc.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making

summary:
  As various expert panels and bodies have highlighted the threat to the HCQ supply for lupus patients generated by HCQ use in the treatment of COVID-19, 8 media reports of unusual prescribing patterns on the part of healthcare providers have emerged. key: cord-351510-8m4930bc authors: Aquino, Yves S J; Cabrera, Nicolo title: Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: critiquing the impact of disease public profile on policy and clinical decision-making date: 2020-07-09 journal: J Med Ethics DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2020-106306 sha: doc_id: 351510 cord_uid: 8m4930bc The controversy surrounding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, for COVID-19 has raised numerous ethical and policy problems.


id: cord-318092-errwp80i
author: Ren, L.
date: 2020-05-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5941
sentence: 276
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-318092-errwp80i.txt
txt: txt/cord-318092-errwp80i.txt
title:
  Assessment of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Safety Profiles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

summary:
  For age, we separated CQ trials into <30 years-old and ≥30 years-old, while we separated HCQ trials into <50 years-old and ≥50 years-old. For drug duration, we divided CQ studies into <1 week and ≥1 week, while we divided HCQ studies into <6 months and ≥6 months.


id: cord-326154-01es0zv4
author: Aggarwal, Gaurav
title: Cardiovascular Safety of Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019
date: 2020-05-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2306
sentence: 99
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt
txt: txt/cord-326154-01es0zv4.txt
summary:
  In some of these cases, baseline QT interval was found to be mildly prolonged and hence QT interval is such patients should be closely monitored to prevent risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in such patients has shown patchy delayed contrast enhancement 6, 10 .


id: cord-332654-nav15g8k
author: Paniri, Alireza
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5722
sentence: 170
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-332654-nav15g8k.txt
txt: txt/cord-332654-nav15g8k.txt
title:
  Molecular effects and retinopathy induced by hydroxychloroquine during SARS-CoV-2 therapy: Role of CYP450 isoforms and epigenetic modulations

summary:
  Moreover, HCQ impedes S protein cleavage which is a key point for cell fusion of SARS-CoV-2 by increasing lysosomal pH levels, and inhibiting its proteases (Gautret et al., 2020; Millet & Whittaker, 2015; Vincent et al., 2005; Yao et al., 2020) . Also, HCQ could inhibit the innate immunity by binding to TLR ligands including DNA and single strand RNA (ssRNA) which interact with TLR9 and TLR7, respectively (Schrezenmeier & Dörner, 2020; Thwaites et al., 2014) .


id: cord-352557-l7sahv5t
author: Takla, Michael
date: 2020-11-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7595
sentence: 244
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt
txt: txt/cord-352557-l7sahv5t.txt
title:
  Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and COVID-19: systematic review and narrative synthesis of efficacy and safety

summary:
  10% of HCQ patients experienced averse ECG modifications requiring cessation of treatment after a median of 4 days. HCQ patients had lower prevalence of comorbidities, except hepatic cirrhosis.


id: cord-327006-m847xdzk
author: Di Castelnuovo, A.
date: 2020-11-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4806
sentence: 168
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt
txt: txt/cord-327006-m847xdzk.txt
title:
  Low dose hydroxychloroquine is associated with lower mortality in COVID-19: a meta-analysis of 26 studies and 44,521 patients

summary:
  The association was apparent by pooling 22 observational studies and was more evident in studies which used lower HCQ doses. Obviously these three conditions largely overlapped in studies, that we can now designate as at low HCQ dose.


id: cord-317761-tkqmu1va
author: Shukla, Ashutosh M
title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the context of COVID-19
date: 2020-04-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4115
sentence: 136
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt
txt: txt/cord-317761-tkqmu1va.txt
summary:
  Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of sars coronavirus infection and spread A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China New insights into the antiviral effects of chloroquine Insights from nanomedicine into chloroquine efficacy against COVID-19 Chloroquine and nanoparticle drug delivery: a promising combination A chloroquine-induced macrophage-preconditioning strategy for improved nanodelivery Clinical cancer nanomedicine Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: a systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to india and other developing countries Glycopeptide antibiotics potently inhibit cathepsin l in the late endosome/lysosome and block the entry of ebola virus, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Thus, neutralization of the acidic pH of the endosome by chloroquine or HCQ may prevent the fusion of SARS-CoV-2 with the host cell inhibiting the primary entry.


id: cord-327360-4qpk99x9
author: Elsawah, Hozaifa Khalil
date: 2020-08-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3187
sentence: 148
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt
txt: txt/cord-327360-4qpk99x9.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of non‐severe COVID‐19 patients; systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials

summary:
  Intensive care medicine RECOVERY trial: the UK covid-19 study resetting expectations for clinical trials Meta-analysis of repeated measures study designs Hydroxychloroquine in lupus: emerging evidence supporting multiple beneficial effects Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: Few retrospective observational studies reported some benefits in treating COVID-19 patients, where HCQ decreased mortality and IL-6 level 21 , decreased case fatality rate 22 , and improved patient survival 23 .


id: cord-339669-p61j2caf
author: Monzani, Alice
title: QTc evaluation in COVID‐19 patients treated with chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine
date: 2020-05-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1249
sentence: 41
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-339669-p61j2caf.txt
txt: txt/cord-339669-p61j2caf.txt
summary:
  The pathogen was originally called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and later named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-nCoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO). The pathogen was originally called 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and later named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-nCoV-2) by the World Health Organization (WHO).


id: cord-324166-6ydn2bvy
author: Kumar, Neeraj
date: 2020-08-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5489
sentence: 200
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-324166-6ydn2bvy.txt
txt: txt/cord-324166-6ydn2bvy.txt
title:
  Antitussive noscapine and antiviral drug conjugates as arsenal against COVID-19: a comprehensive chemoinformatics analysis

summary:
  key: cord-324166-6ydn2bvy authors: Kumar, Neeraj; Awasthi, Amardeep; Kumari, Anchala; Sood, Damini; Jain, Pallavi; Singh, Taru; Sharma, Neera; Grover, Abhinav; Chandra, Ramesh title: Antitussive noscapine and antiviral drug conjugates as arsenal against COVID-19: a comprehensive chemoinformatics analysis date: 2020-08-20 journal: Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1808072 sha: doc_id: 324166 cord_uid: 6ydn2bvy Coronavirus pandemic has caused a vast number of deaths worldwide. The receptor grid was set to 0.6 Å for X, Y, and Z coordinates of Mpro structure.


id: cord-329920-s928u6g3
author: Isaksen, J. L.
title: Chloroquine, but not hydroxychlorquine, prolongs the QT interval in a primary care population
date: 2020-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4005
sentence: 223
flesch: 64
cache: cache/cord-329920-s928u6g3.txt
txt: txt/cord-329920-s928u6g3.txt
summary:
  However, despite their long-term use and only few case reports on adverse effects, CQ and HCQ are listed as a known risk of the lethal ventricular arrhythmia Torsade de Pointes and their cardiac safety profile is being questioned. Thus, we aimed to investigate the electrocardiographic and mortality effects of CQ and HCQ in a primary care population.


id: cord-327575-5pcnuqgy
author: Morrisette, Taylor
date: 2020-08-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5456
sentence: 202
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt
txt: txt/cord-327575-5pcnuqgy.txt
title:
  The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Hydroxychloroquine and Dose Selection for COVID-19: Putting the Cart Before the Horse

summary:
  In healthy males who received a single HCQ 200 mg oral dose, a mean peak blood HCQ concentration of 0.1296 mcg/ml was achieved in 3.26 h, while a peak plasma HCQ concentration of 0.0503 mcg/ ml was achieved in 3.74 h. Tett and colleagues performed a randomized, crossover study in which the HCQ 155 mg oral tablet was compared to an intravenous infusion of racemic HCQ 155 mg to evaluate the absolute bioavailability of the commercially available HCQ tablet. Maisonnasse and colleagues found that HCQ concentrations in the lung were higher than in plasma, with lung:plasma ratios ranging from 27 to 177 in macaques [25] .


id: cord-341377-mjdg84ny
author: Cohen, I. V.
date: 2020-05-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4367
sentence: 178
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-341377-mjdg84ny.txt
txt: txt/cord-341377-mjdg84ny.txt
title:
  Determinants of cardiac adverse events of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports

summary:
  However, CQ and HCQ use has been associated with cardiac side effects, which is of concern due to the higher risk of COVID-19 complications in patients with heart related disorders, and increased mortality associated with COVID-19 cardiac complications. Other studies have observed COVID-19 cardiac complications such as fulminant myocarditis, ventricular tachycardia 28, 29, 30 .


id: cord-339838-8okrjbfn
author: Wang, Ya‐Ling
title: Pharmacist's perspective on HCQ treatment of COVID‐19
date: 2020-06-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 329
sentence: 14
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-339838-8okrjbfn.txt
txt: txt/cord-339838-8okrjbfn.txt
summary:
  Since HCQ is widely used for the treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we will use the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic (PD/PK) data of HCQ to discuss the role of HCQ in COVID-19 treatment. key: cord-339838-8okrjbfn authors: Wang, Ya‐Ling; Wang, Shih‐Han; Yang, Ai‐Yu title: Pharmacist's perspective on HCQ treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-06-12 journal:


id: cord-323647-q67fa0m3
author: Misra, Durga Prasanna
date: 2020-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6153
sentence: 235
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt
txt: txt/cord-323647-q67fa0m3.txt
title:
  Benefits and adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and colchicine: searching for repurposable drug candidates

summary:
  In this French RCT (the BBQ trial), patients with recurrent pregnancy loss shall be treated with HCQ 400 mg daily or placebo starting pre-conception until the 10 th week of pregnancy, with the objective of assessing whether treatment improves pregnancy outcomes in such patients [18] . THerapy in ST-Segment Elevation MYocardial InfarctionS: a randomized double-blind, placebocontrolled trial (TETHYS Trial) Low-dose methotrexate for the prevention of atherosclerotic events Colchicine as an anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective agent Colchicine revisited The NLRP3 inflammasome and the emerging role of colchicine to inhibit atherosclerosis-associated inflammation Colchicine improves survival, left ventricular remodeling, and chronic cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction Effects of colchicine on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization: a multimodality imaging study in an animal model Colchicine reduces platelet aggregation by modulating cytoskeleton rearrangement via inhibition of cofilin and LIM domain kinase 1 Can the thiol/disulfide imbalance be a predictor of colchicine resistance in familial mediterranean fever? Colchicine therapy and plaque stabilization in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a CT coronary angiography study Effect of shortterm colchicine treatment on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease Colchicine as a novel therapy for suppressing chemokine production in patients with an acute coronary syndrome: a pilot study The Low Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction (LoDoCo-MI) study: a pilot randomized placebo controlled trial of colchicine following acute myocardial infarction The effect of low-dose colchicine in patients with stable coronary artery disease: the LoDoCo2 trial rationale, design, and baseline characteristics COLIN trial: value of colchicine in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction and inflammatory response Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction Role of colchicine in stroke prevention: an updated meta-analysis The role of colchicine in treating postoperative and post-catheter ablation atrial fibrillation Comparative transcriptome analysis to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of colchicine against atrial fibrillation The effect of colchicine on the echocardiographic constrictive physiology after coronary artery bypass graft surgery Colchicine attenuates renal injury in a model of hypertensive chronic kidney disease Effects of colchicine on renal fibrosis and apoptosis in obstructed kidneys Effectiveness of colchicine therapy in 4 cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with autoinflammatory diseases Use of colchicine to prevent recurrence of ear keloids.


id: cord-303968-ikr6eeov
author: Perinel, Sophie
title: Towards Optimization of Hydroxychloroquine Dosing in Intensive Care Unit COVID-19 Patients
date: 2020-04-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1935
sentence: 95
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cord-303968-ikr6eeov.txt
txt: txt/cord-303968-ikr6eeov.txt
summary:
  HCQ blood levels were analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. HCQ was withdrawn in two patients: due to QT interval prolongation (381 to 510 ms and 432 to 550 ms) on day 2 and 3 with HCQ blood levels of 0.03 mg/L and 1.74 mg/L, respectively.


id: cord-303819-w1785lap
author: Cortegiani, Andrea
date: 2020-07-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3477
sentence: 145
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt
txt: txt/cord-303819-w1785lap.txt
title:
  Update I. A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19

summary:
  Evidence from available data suggests that monitoring baseline and subsequent (e.g. daily) ECG during treatment especially in high risk patients with known risk. Although this trial seems appropriately powered and has a low risk of bias, delayed initiation of treatment (usually ≥3 days) and the use of self-reported outcomes make it Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review Hydroxychloroquine in the management of patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 Chloroquine for COVID-19: rationale, facts, hopes Including non-randomized studies on intervention effects RoB 2: A revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials ROBINS-I: A tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments Synthesizing and presenting findings using other methods | Cochrane Training A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Observational Study of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 Clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with covid-19 pneumonia who require oxygen: observational comparative study using routine care data Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial Low dose of hydroxychloroquine reduces fatality of critically ill patients with COVID-19 Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Early J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin:


id: cord-348987-3jpdvy7n
author: Annangi, Srinadh
title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID‐19: A word of caution
date: 2020-05-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 845
sentence: 36
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-348987-3jpdvy7n.txt
txt: txt/cord-348987-3jpdvy7n.txt
summary:
  Prior research including with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and SARS-CoV-1 has shown that in vitro antiviral activity of CQ and HCQ does not necessarily translate to in vivo clinical efficacy. Until then, CQ and HCQ should only be used in the setting of clinical trials with a clear understanding among physicians and patients of uncertain efficacy and potentially harmful side effects.


id: cord-286038-a62k3lma
author: Klimke, A.
date: 2020-04-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2339
sentence: 73
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-286038-a62k3lma.txt
txt: txt/cord-286038-a62k3lma.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection

summary:
  From a pharmacological standpoint, however, the major problems of oral treatment with these drugs are possible severe side effects and toxicity. Finally, HCQ as aerosol could be tested preferentially as co-medication in more severely ill patients where an indication for oral HCQ treatment is given.


id: cord-316992-fe5u2oi0
author: Nirk, Eliise Laura
title: Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond
date: 2020-07-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10130
sentence: 275
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt
txt: txt/cord-316992-fe5u2oi0.txt
summary:
  They showed that CQ could inhibit endosomal TLR signalling after stimulation with nucleic acids at concentration too low to influence the endosomal pH. Under those conditions, CQ blocks endosomal TLR activation by directly interacting with TLR ligands, such as nucleic acids, which changes the nucleic acid secondary structure and prevents their binding to endosomal TLRs (Macfarlane & Manzel, 1998; Ku znik et al, 2011) . In this context, CQ and HCQ decrease replication of viruses such as dengue virus (DENV2), chikungunya virus, hepatitis A and C virus, influenza A virus, Zika virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Borna disease virus in cellular models (Bishop, 1998; Gonzalez-Dunia et al, 1998; Keyaerts et al, 2004; Vincent et al, 2005; Blanchard et al, 2006; De Clercq, 2006; Eng et al, 2006; Di Trani et al, 2007; Sourisseau et al, 2007; Khan et al, 2010; Ashfaq et al, 2011; Boonyasuppayakorn et al, 2014; Farias et al, 2015; Delvecchio et al, 2016; Shiryaev et al, 2017) .


id: cord-341101-5yvjbr5q
author: Hashem, Anwar M.
date: 2020-05-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4828
sentence: 169
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-341101-5yvjbr5q.txt
txt: txt/cord-341101-5yvjbr5q.txt
title:
  Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review

summary:
  6 a receptor for cell entry, suggesting a possible similar effect of CQ on SARS-CoV-2 at this step of virus replication [40] . CQ can also affect early stage of virus replication by inhibiting virus-endosome fusion, likely via increasing endosomal pH


id: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts
author: Kabeerdoss, Jayakanthan
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4290
sentence: 166
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt
txt: txt/cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt
title:
  Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists?

summary:
  medRxiv Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study On the alert for cytokine storm: immunopathology in COVID-19 Potential effect of blood purification therapy in reducing cytokine storm as a late complication of critically ill COVID-19 Genomic analysis reveals age-dependent innate immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort Pediatric Kawasaki disease and adult human immunodeficiency virus Kawasaki-like syndrome are likely the same malady Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19 Novel paediatric presentation of COVID-19 with ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome without respiratory symptoms Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19 Lupus anticoagulant and abnormal coagulation tests in patients with Covid-19 Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 COVID-19 and aPL Ab -Hematology.org [Internet Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology Chloroquine attenuates TLR3/IFN-β signaling in cultured normal human mesangial cells: A possible protective effect against renal damage in lupus nephritis Poly(I:C) induces human lung endothelial barrier dysfunction by disrupting tight junction expression of claudin-5 Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling pathway Cutting edge: antimalarial drugs inhibit IFN-β production through blockade of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-DNA interaction SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19. Injection of convalescent sera from SARS patients to rhesus macaques also causes lung injury with similar histopathological features as in human disease.


id: cord-349868-lb2jcl8m
author: Patel, Jay
date: 2020-07-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2355
sentence: 106
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt
txt: txt/cord-349868-lb2jcl8m.txt
title:
  Cardiovascular Considerations of Experimental Hydroxychloroquine Therapy on Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: A Case Series Review

summary:
  Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a common antimalarial and lupus drug, has been shown to potentially reduce viral carriage and the number of symptomatic days in COVID-19 patients according to an open-label non-randomized French case study of 36 patients [2] . The above two cases add to the ongoing discussion as to whether HCQ therapy in COVID-19 patients is beneficial for all, especially given how it was paired with another arrhythmogenic agent AZM.


id: cord-261186-4p1cwb2e
author: Guzman-Prado, Yuli
date: 2020-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 783
sentence: 23
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-261186-4p1cwb2e.txt
txt: txt/cord-261186-4p1cwb2e.txt
title:
  Recent findings on cardiovascular safety with the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19.

summary:
  In addition to the cardiotoxic considerations mentioned by Aggarwal, et al (1), relevant cardiovascular side effects and toxicities associated with the use of repurposing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 have been stated by researchers of cardiovascular disease who stress the risk of QT interval prolongation, thrombocytopenia and anaemia specifically with the use of CQ and HCQ (10). The researchers argue that the presence of underlying cardiovascular disease could represent a partial explanation of the cardiovascular toxicity associated with the use of CQ or HCQ particularly with the combination of macrolides.


id: cord-297010-imciixde
author: Babayeva, Mariana
date: 2020-10-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7101
sentence: 366
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-297010-imciixde.txt
txt: txt/cord-297010-imciixde.txt
title:
  Repurposing Drugs for COVID-19: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacogenomics of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine

summary:
  Another open-label non-randomized clinical trial with 36 COVID-19 patients demonstrated that hydroxychloroquine treatment resulted in viral load reduction/disappearance in the patients. Mechanisms underlying variability in drug concentrations and therapeutic response with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in mediating beneficial and adverse effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were reviewed and analyzed.


id: cord-340090-dqhdws5k
author: Behera, P.
date: 2020-11-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3782
sentence: 157
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt
txt: txt/cord-340090-dqhdws5k.txt
title:
  Role of ivermectin in the prevention of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers in India: A matched case-control study

summary:
  The study was aimed to explore the association between ivermectin prophylaxis and development of COVID-19 infection among healthcare workers. In the matched pair analysis, ivermectin prophylaxis (0.30, 95% CI, 0.16-0.53) was associated with the reduction of COVID-19 infection however vitamin-C prophylaxis (0.71, 95% CI, 0.40-1.26) and HCQ prophylaxis (0.58, 95% CI, 0.19-1.61) had no significant association with COVID-19 infection.


id: cord-347186-tbtmqmpr
author: Acharya, Yogesh
title: Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a repurposed agent against COVID-19: a narrative review
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3554
sentence: 142
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt
txt: txt/cord-347186-tbtmqmpr.txt
summary:
  Epub ahead of print 11 A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19 Recoverytrial.net Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 Epub ahead of print 10 A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis A rapid systematic review of clinical trials utilizing chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis FDA cautions use of hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine for COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for These inhibitory effects were noted with CQ treatment both before and after exposure to the SARS virus, suggesting its prophylactic as well as therapeutic utility.


id: cord-339717-2a8zv9xl
author: O’Connell, Thomas F.
title: Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin Therapy and QT Prolongation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19
date: 2020-08-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4175
sentence: 174
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-339717-2a8zv9xl.txt
txt: txt/cord-339717-2a8zv9xl.txt
summary:
  An official clinical practice guideline of the Drug-induced inhibition and trafficking disruption of ion channels: Pathogenesis of QT abnormalities and drug-induced fatal arrhythmias Hydroxychloroquine reduces heart rate by modulating the hyperpolarization-activated current If: Novel electrophysiologic insights and therapeutic potential Electrophysiologic studies on the risks and potential mechanism underlying the proarrhythmic nature of azithromycin Chronic hydroxychloroquine use associated with QT prolongation and refractory ventricular arrythmia Suspected hydroxychloroquine-associated QT-interval prolongation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematous Risk evaluation of azithromycin-induced QT prolongation in real-world practice The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin The effect of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on the corrected QT interval in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Assessment of QT intervals in a case series of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection treated with hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin in an intensive care unit Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation Inhospital cardiac arrest is associated with use of non-antiarrhythmic QTc prolonging drugs FDA cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems. key: cord-339717-2a8zv9xl authors: O’Connell, Thomas F.; Bradley, Christopher J.; Abbas, Amr E.; Williamson, Brian D.; Rusia, Akash; Tawney, Adam M.; Gaines, Rick; Schott, Jason; Dmitrienko, Alex; Haines, David E. title: Hydroxychloroquine/Azithromycin Therapy and QT Prolongation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 date: 2020-08-05 journal: JACC Clin Electrophysiol DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2020.07.016 sha: doc_id: 339717 cord_uid: 2a8zv9xl ABSTRACT Background Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (HCQ/AZM) are being widely used to treat COVID-19 despite the known risk of QT interval prolongation and unknown risk of arrhythmogenesis in this population.


id: cord-337198-4sors3bg
author: Clementi, Nicola
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4273
sentence: 160
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-337198-4sors3bg.txt
txt: txt/cord-337198-4sors3bg.txt
title:
  Combined Prophylactic and Therapeutic Use Maximizes Hydroxychloroquine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effects in vitro

summary:
  For secondary (P2) virus stock, Vero E6 cells seeded into 25 cm 2 tissue culture flasks were infected with 0.5 mL of P1 stored aliquot, and infected cells and supernatant were collected 48 hpi and stored at −80 • C. For tertiary (P3) virus stock, Vero E6 cells seeded into 75 cm 2 tissue culture flasks were infected with 1.5 mL of P2 stored aliquot and prepared as above described. A clinical isolate hCoV-19/Italy/UniSR1/2020 (GISAID accession ID: EPI_ISL_413489) was isolated and propagated in Vero E6 cells, and viral titer was determined by 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID 50 ) and plaque assay for confirming the obtained titer.


id: cord-259957-temt8b6f
author: Brown, Ronald
title: Hydroxychloroquine and “off-label” utilization in the treatment of oral conditions
date: 2020-04-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 862
sentence: 29
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-259957-temt8b6f.txt
txt: txt/cord-259957-temt8b6f.txt
summary:
  key: cord-259957-temt8b6f authors: Brown, Ronald title: Hydroxychloroquine and “off-label” utilization in the treatment of oral conditions date: 2020-04-11 journal: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.03.047 sha: doc_id: 259957 cord_uid: temt8b6f nan Hydroxychloroquine and off-label utilization in the treatment of oral conditions To the Editor: In the realm of treatment of autoimmune secretory and oral mucosal conditions, HCQ has been deemed safe and effective for such oral conditions as Sjogren syndrome, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, and oral lichen planus.


id: cord-295973-41jqgsv0
author: Singh, Awadhesh Kumar
date: 2020-03-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3466
sentence: 121
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt
txt: txt/cord-295973-41jqgsv0.txt
title:
  Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries

summary:
  Recommendations on screening for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinopathy Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open label non-randomized clinical trial Of chloroquine and COVID-19 Multicenter collaboration group of Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province and Health Commission of Guangdong Province for chloroquine in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia Mount Sinai health system treatment guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 Interim clinical guidelines for patients suspected of/confirmed with COVID-19 infection Chloroquine for influenza prevention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial A randomized controlled trial of chloroquine for the treatment of dengue in Vietnamese adults Lack of protection against ebola virus from chloroquine in mice and hamsters Chloroquine is effective against influenza A virus in vitro but not in vivo Chloroquine administration does not prevent Nipah virus infection and disease in ferrets Acceleration of viral replication and up-regulation of cytokine levels by antimalarials: implications in malaria-endemic areas Paradoxical effect of chloroquine treatment in enhancing chikungunya virus infection The enigma of the clandestine association between chloroquine and HIV-1 infection Hydroxychloroquine augments early virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in genotype-4 chronic hepatitis C patients Chloroquine US prescribing information Chloroquine US prescribing information Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 In this study, chloroquine was given in dose of 500 mg of chloroquine twice daily in mild to severe COVID-19 pneumonia (see Table 1 ).


id: cord-328257-kl4wh2zg
author: Xu, H
date: 2020-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4856
sentence: 164
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-328257-kl4wh2zg.txt
txt: txt/cord-328257-kl4wh2zg.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine increased psychiatric-like behaviors and disrupted the expression of related genes in the mouse brain

summary:
  Our results did not reveal a significant effect of HCQ treatment on working memory, but total exploration time was decreased after HCQ administration, which also suggests that the drugs increased anxiety. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to test the psychiatric effect of HCQ in an animal model, and our results suggest that, in healthy mice, HCQ administration can induce persistent behavioral changes and disrupt gene expression in the brain.


id: cord-319571-fspmgg4s
author: Sehailia, Moussa
date: 2020-07-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4899
sentence: 141
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-319571-fspmgg4s.txt
txt: txt/cord-319571-fspmgg4s.txt
title:
  Antimalarial-agent artemisinin and derivatives portray more potent binding to Lys353 and Lys31-binding hotspots of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein than hydroxychloroquine: potential repurposing of artenimol for COVID-19

summary:
  At the cellular level, direct and indirect mechanisms of CQ and HCQ are believed to inhibit immune activation by reducing Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine production and, in T cells, reducing CD154 expression (Schrezenmeier & D€ orner, 2020) ; however, the absence of binding assay studies between the SProtein and hACE2 protein in the presence of HCQ opens the door to two main possibilities (Vincent et al., 2005) : the first possibility revolves around HCQ prevention of terminal glycosylation of hACE2 protein which consequently impacts the final attachment between the SProtein and hACE2 protein, whereas the second possibility revolves around HCQ interaction with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SProtein, thus preventing its docking on hACE2 receptor. Figure 8 indicates a good protein-ligand stability for all three complexes, with HCQ protein complex showing the lowest RMSD value (0.22 Å) followed by artenimol-protein complex (0.24 Å) and artemisinin-protein complex (0.26 Å).


id: cord-344120-7t5ce2hb
author: Baroutjian, Amanda
title: SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies and their safety/effectiveness according to level of evidence
date: 2020-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5292
sentence: 260
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt
txt: txt/cord-344120-7t5ce2hb.txt
summary:
  While we await higher quality evidence from randomized control trials and meta-analyses, these results provide some context on the efficacy of pharmacologic therapy in COVID-19 patients. In the absence of a vaccine available to the public, there is a great need for level 1 evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses to support the development of evidence-based guidelines to treat COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-280528-7ivw72l0
author: TUFAN, Abdurrahman
title: COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs
date: 2020-04-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7073
sentence: 287
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt
txt: txt/cord-280528-7ivw72l0.txt
summary:
  Potential benefits of precise corticosteroids therapy for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia Adjuvant corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19 Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19 Chloroquine analogues in drug discovery: new directions of uses, mechanisms of actions and toxic manifestations from malaria to multifarious diseases Heart conduction disorders related to antimalarials toxicity: an analysis of electrocardiograms in 85 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine for connective tissue diseases Myasthenia gravis due to hydroxychloroquine Chloroquine cardiomyopathy a review of the literature Simultaneous quantitation of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in mouse blood and tissues using LC-ESI-MS/ MS: an application for pharmacokinetic studies The use of antimalarial drugs against viral infection Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Influenza A virus H5N1 entry into host cells is through clathrin-dependent endocytosis pH-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is mediated by the spike glycoprotein and enhanced by dendritic cell transfer through DC-SIGN Fibronectin receptor modulates cyclindependent kinase activity Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology In two small observational study, use of corticosteroids did not show a survival benefit in COVID-19 patients even increased mortality rates when used in high doses [51]


id: cord-347731-eqxn6auk
author: Garcia‐Cremades, Maria
date: 2020-05-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5438
sentence: 246
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-347731-eqxn6auk.txt
txt: txt/cord-347731-eqxn6auk.txt
title:
  Optimizing Hydroxychloroquine Dosing for Patients With COVID‐19: An Integrative Modeling Approach for Effective Drug Repurposing

summary:
  3, 9, 10 Viral kinetics were estimated from in vitro replication rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 and unbound drug concentration in plasma and lungs were simulated with HCQ PK model. ARTICLE Viral response to treatment was significantly associated (P < 0.001) to HCQ PK concentrations using a linear effect model ( Figure 1 and Table S1 ).


id: cord-267762-mzon01fd
author: Ferreira, A.
title: Chronic treatment with hydroxychloroquine and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
date: 2020-06-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2942
sentence: 129
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-267762-mzon01fd.txt
txt: txt/cord-267762-mzon01fd.txt
summary:
  Cross linking the two sets of data has allowed us to compare the proportion of HCQ chronic treatment (at least 2 grams per month) in laboratory confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with laboratory confirmed negative cases. The proportion of HCQ chronic treatment was higher in negative patients is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.


id: cord-339737-7qdjea6f
author: Sbidian, E.
date: 2020-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6053
sentence: 221
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt
txt: txt/cord-339737-7qdjea6f.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin and in-hospital mortality or discharge in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: a cohort study of 4,642 in-patients in France

summary:
  For all IPT-weighting based analyses, standardized differences of the means were computed before and after IPTW to assess imbalance of the covariates between treatment groups. Table 2 shows unadjusted clinical outcomes by treatment group.


id: cord-286413-a7wue2e3
author: Cohen, Isaac V.
date: 2020-11-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3612
sentence: 144
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt
txt: txt/cord-286413-a7wue2e3.txt
title:
  Cardiac adverse events associated with chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine exposure in 20 years of drug safety surveillance reports

summary:
  However, CQ and HCQ use has been associated with cardiac side effects, which is of concern due to the higher risk of COVID-19 complications in patients with heart related disorders, and increased mortality associated with COVID-19 cardiac complications. Other studies have observed COVID-19 cardiac complications such as fulminant myocarditis, ventricular tachycardia [28]


id: cord-347775-hidb8q1u
author: Karatza, Eleni
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5972
sentence: 175
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt
txt: txt/cord-347775-hidb8q1u.txt
title:
  Optimization of hydroxychloroquine dosing scheme based on COVID-19 patients’ characteristics: a review of the literature and simulations

summary:
  al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020b; Yao et al., 2020) , there is currently a need to rationalize the administered dosing schemes in order to maximize the efficacy and safety of HCQ in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, blood levels should ideally reach 1500 ng/ml during the first days upon diagnosis, especially in severe cases with high viral load, and be kept above 500 ng/ ml for the following days (Durcan et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2020b; Yao et al., 2020) .


id: cord-285486-99trkti1
author: Abd-Elsalam, Sherief
title: Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study
date: 2020-08-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2929
sentence: 124
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt
txt: txt/cord-285486-99trkti1.txt
summary:
  Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that HCQ treatment was not significantly associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: what is our current state of knowledge? Characteristics, treatment outcomes and role of hydroxychloroquine among 522 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Jaipur city: an epidemio-clinical study Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial Virological and clinical cure in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review and meta-analysis Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from a multi-centre, randomized A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 Hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2: the path of prevention and control APASL COVID Task Force, APASL COVID Liver Injury Spectrum Study, 2020.


id: cord-290955-m2igkcxv
author: Asli, Rosmonaliza
date: 2020-05-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1391
sentence: 72
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt
txt: txt/cord-290955-m2igkcxv.txt
title:
  Case Report: Right Bundle Brunch Block and QTc Prolongation in a Patient with Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Treated with Hydroxychloroquine

summary:
  Therefore, clinicians should exercise caution and assess cardiac risk if considering HCQ treatment for COVID-19. This case highlights a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of HCQ use.


id: cord-268425-xg8xnjf9
author: DiNicolantonio, James J.
date: 2020-07-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3896
sentence: 150
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt
txt: txt/cord-268425-xg8xnjf9.txt
title:
  Harnessing Adenosine A2A Receptors as a Strategy for Suppressing the Lung Inflammation and Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Potential of Pentoxifylline and Dipyridamole

summary:
  79 Supplemental glucosamine may likewise up-regulate the type 1 interferon responses to viruses, while exerting anti-inflammatory effects that render it protective in rodent models of sepsis and lung inflammation induced by LPS or cigarette smoke. Although PTX is known to have broad anti-inflammatory activity, it is employed primarily in the treatment of intermittent claudication; by lessening neutrophil activation, PTX renders these cells more distensible, so that they can more readily pass through narrow capillaries in affected legs.


id: cord-293159-oagv4q1u
author: Liu, Peng
date: 2020-07-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3700
sentence: 150
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-293159-oagv4q1u.txt
txt: txt/cord-293159-oagv4q1u.txt
title:
  Combination treatments with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are compatible with the therapeutic induction of anticancer immune responses

summary:
  Autophagy induction in cancer cells is required for the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) by OXA 30 or the combination of CDDP +crizotinib, 20 meaning that cancer cells in which Atg5 expression has been suppressed do not respond to these combination regimens in vivo. key: cord-293159-oagv4q1u authors: Liu, Peng; Zhao, Liwei; Ferrere, Gladys; Alves-Costa-Silva, Carolina; Ly, Pierre; Wu, Qi; Tian, Ai-Ling; Derosa, Lisa; Zitvogel, Laurence; Kepp, Oliver; Kroemer, Guido title: Combination treatments with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are compatible with the therapeutic induction of anticancer immune responses date: 2020-07-08 journal: Oncoimmunology DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1789284 sha: doc_id: 293159 cord_uid: oagv4q1u Amid controversial reports that COVID-19 can be treated with a combination of the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and the antibiotic azithromycin (AZI), a clinical trial (ONCOCOVID, NCT04341207) was launched at Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus to investigate the utility of this combination therapy in cancer patients.


id: cord-342746-2hbcbvt6
author: Lane, J. C. E.
date: 2020-04-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6753
sentence: 279
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt
txt: txt/cord-342746-2hbcbvt6.txt
title:
  Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study

summary:
  For the study of HCQ combined with AZM, follow up started when the second of the two co-administered treatments was initiated while still exposed to the first treatment (e.g. when AZM started during a period of HCQ use, or when HCQ started during a period of AZM use). HCQ use was assumed to be chronic in the management of RA, and AZM was assumed an acute prescription for infection treatment, and therefore inferred persistent exposure to AZM was assessed by allowing up to 30 days between dispensing or prescription records.


id: cord-289916-rgvcimk3
author: Tleyjeh, Imad M.
date: 2020-11-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3976
sentence: 154
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-289916-rgvcimk3.txt
txt: txt/cord-289916-rgvcimk3.txt
title:
  The Cardiac Toxicity of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis

summary:
  Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis date: 2020-11-02 journal: Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.10.005 sha: doc_id: 289916 cord_uid: rgvcimk3 Objective To systematically review the literature and estimate the risk of Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) cardiac toxicity in COVID-19 patients. We included studies that enrolled COVID-19 patients treated with CQ or HCQ, with or without azithromycin and reported on cardiac toxicities.


id: cord-306351-ka6asw3m
author: Alsuliman, Tamim
title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease
date: 2020-05-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6067
sentence: 274
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt
txt: txt/cord-306351-ka6asw3m.txt
summary:
  key: cord-306351-ka6asw3m authors: Alsuliman, Tamim; Alasadi, Lugien; Alkharat, Banan; Srour, Micha; Alrstom, Ali title: A review of potential treatments to date in COVID-19 patients according to the stage of the disease date: 2020-05-30 journal: Curr Res Transl Med DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2020.05.004 sha: doc_id: 306351 cord_uid: ka6asw3m Abstract Introduction and motivation: Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people worldwide. Since human safety data for Remdesivir are available from several clinical trials that tested Remdesivir's efficacy against Ebola virus, several clinical trials are already being held in the United States and China to investigate its efficacy treating COVID-19 patients [7, 26, 32] .


id: cord-312875-gn6hg6oc
author: Infante, Marco
date: 2020-05-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4851
sentence: 139
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-312875-gn6hg6oc.txt
txt: txt/cord-312875-gn6hg6oc.txt
title:
  Antihyperglycemic properties of hydroxychloroquine in patients with diabetes: risks and benefits at the time of COVID‐19 pandemic

summary:
  The aim of this manuscript is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on the antihyperglycemic properties of HCQ and to critically evaluate the potential risks and benefits related to HCQ use in patients with diabetes, even in light of the current pandemic scenario. Besides the well-known contraindications to HCQ use (including known hypersensitivity to 4aminoquinoline compounds), (2, 44) other conditions or circumstances under which HCQ should be contraindicated or used with caution in the context of diabetes include the following:  Pre-existing retinopathy/maculopathy, history or risk for macular edema, and concomitant use of other oculo-toxic agents.


id: cord-317624-qdzhncs0
author: Choi, Min Joo
date: 2020-10-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4289
sentence: 150
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt
txt: txt/cord-317624-qdzhncs0.txt
title:
  Comparison of antiviral effect for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 cases between lopinavir/ritonavir versus hydroxychloroquine: A nationwide propensity score-matched cohort study

summary:
  Nationwide retrospective case-control study was conducted to compare the effect of HCQ and LPV/r on viral shedding duration among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 using the reimbursement data of National Health Insurance Service. Among these, only mild-to-moderate grade 1 patients were included in the analysis, and the effect of LPV/r or HCQ use on viral shedding duration was evaluated ( Figure 1 ).


id: cord-281411-la8njxc1
author: García-Fernández, Amaya
date: 2020-10-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1270
sentence: 46
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt
txt: txt/cord-281411-la8njxc1.txt
title:
  Utilidad y seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con COVID-19

summary:
  [[en]] Usefulness and safety of self-electrocardiographic monitoring during treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients Amaya García-Fernández a* 4 During March and April of 2020, a study was conducted in our hospital to analyze the effect of treatment with HCQ (either alone or in combination with AZ) on the QTc and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in patients admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who met the high-risk criteria for QTc prolongation (female, age░>░65 years, history of heart disease, chronic renal disease, or diabetes, or taking both medications together).


id: cord-289091-djv4syy4
author: Ullah, Waqas
title: Safety and Efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
date: 2020-07-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3388
sentence: 164
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt
txt: txt/cord-289091-djv4syy4.txt
summary:
  Our mortality analysis of 3,004 (HCQ group: 1,907; control: 1,097) showed a significantly higher rate of all-cause mortality in patients in HCQ group compared to those on SCT. In light of these trends and with previous studies demonstrating major side effects of HCQ (cardiomyopathy, QT prolongation, and retinopathy), a considered risk to benefit determination should be made prior to HCQ use.


id: cord-295144-tyyc81uc
author: Stradner, Martin H.
title: Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic
date: 2020-10-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9915
sentence: 301
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt
txt: txt/cord-295144-tyyc81uc.txt
summary:
  A single center experience Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients: a single-centre retrospective cohort study Interleukin-6 receptor blocking with intravenous tocilizumab in COVID-19 severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective case-control survival analysis of 128 patients Tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study Interleukin-6 receptor blockade with subcutaneous tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and hyperinflammation: a case-control study Outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19 disease treated with tocilizumab -a case-controlled study Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. Pre-publication reports describe a specific monocyte population in COVID-19 patients, not seen in healthy donors or other viral infections.


id: cord-333144-gyuh2fvl
author: Siddiqui, Arif Jamal
date: 2020-08-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7810
sentence: 280
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt
txt: txt/cord-333144-gyuh2fvl.txt
title:
  Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2

summary:
  This combination is already in use with phase III clinical trials underway (Andreani et al., 2020b; Gautret et al., 2020b) . Three FDA-approved broad-spectrum inhibitors (chlorpromazine, chloroquine, toremifene) that were shown to be effective against MERS-CoV infection in immortalized cell lines and evaluated their antiviral activities (Cong et al., 2018) .


id: cord-256294-9gmn4fcj
author: Almazrou, Saja H.
date: 2020-10-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3012
sentence: 140
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt
txt: txt/cord-256294-9gmn4fcj.txt
title:
  Comparing the impact of Hydroxychloroquine based regimens and standard treatment on COVID-19 patient outcomes: A retrospective cohort study

summary:
  Larger observational studies and RCTs that evaluate the efficacy of HCQ in COVID-19 patients in the Saudi population are urgently needed. Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is among the promising treatment modalities for COVID-19 patients Geleris et al., 2020; Rosenberg et al., 2020; Shen et al., 2020) .


id: cord-350992-l6l24pco
author: Roldan, Eugenia Quiros
date: 2020-05-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8052
sentence: 309
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt
txt: txt/cord-350992-l6l24pco.txt
title:
  The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): A role for iron homeostasis?

summary:
  As stated above, CQ/HCQ not only interfere with cellular iron inducing its starvation in alveolar macrophages [122, 123] , then possibly resulting in a switch to M2 antiinflammatory state, but also inhibit IL-6, IL-1 and TNF- release, possibly reducing local HAMP release by macrophages. Then CQ/HCQ could also inhibit iron release from endosomes into the cytosol.


id: cord-268519-t15yvy5s
author: Pothen, Lucie
date: 2020-06-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 539
sentence: 21
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-268519-t15yvy5s.txt
txt: txt/cord-268519-t15yvy5s.txt
title:
  Safety use of hydroxychloroquine and its combination with azithromycin in the context of Sars-CoV-2 outbreak: Clinical experience in a Belgian tertiary center

summary:
  key: cord-268519-t15yvy5s authors: Pothen, Lucie; Yildiz, Halil; De Greef, Julien; Penaloza, Andrea; Beauloye, Christophe; Belkhir, Leila; Yombi, Jean Cyr title: Safety use of hydroxychloroquine and its combination with azithromycin in the context of Sars-CoV-2 outbreak: Clinical experience in a Belgian tertiary center date: 2020-06-12 journal: Repeat ECG was not systematically performed during HCQ treatment, except in case of drug-drug interaction which could potentially increase QTc (see foot note of Table1).


id: cord-315864-zadogqiu
author: Davido, Benjamin
date: 2020-08-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3623
sentence: 127
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt
txt: txt/cord-315864-zadogqiu.txt
title:
  nImpact of medical care including anti-infective agents use on the prognosis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients over time

summary:
  Indeed, in the absence of a clear recommendation for treatment initiation, it is difficult to assume or to invalidate the effect of anti-infective agents on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. However, it was carried out in a hospital specialized for decades in the Moreover, considering inherent limitation of a descriptive study with a limited sample size (n=132), we could not infer causality in the association between the use of AZI±HCQ and the ameliorated prognosis in COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-286579-u87lx38h
author: Biguetti, Claudia
date: 2020-06-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1672
sentence: 59
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-286579-u87lx38h.txt
txt: txt/cord-286579-u87lx38h.txt
title:
  Primum non nocere – Are chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine safe prophylactic/treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19)?

summary:
  Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Hydroxychloroquine -how much Is too much? Chloroquine interference with hemoglobin endocytic trafficking suppresses adaptive heme and iron homeostasis in macrophages: the paradox of an antimalarial agent Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases? Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19 Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study The use of anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of people with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the perspectives of clinical immunologists from China Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): current status and future perspectives Solidarity clinical trial for COVID-19 treatments. In rheumatic diseases, CQ/HCQ might exert multiple anti-inflammatory effects, which are associated with the drug affinity to the autophagosomes and lysosomes of leukocytes 3 .


id: cord-287680-vdrix1cp
author: D’Acquarica, Ilaria
title: Chiral switches of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: potential drugs to treat COVID-19
date: 2020-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1180
sentence: 46
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-287680-vdrix1cp.txt
txt: txt/cord-287680-vdrix1cp.txt
summary:
  However, these initiatives and earlier and subsequent studies on HCQ and CQ enantiomers have not led to regulatory single-enantiomer drug approval(s) for any indication. CQ and HCQ through the looking glass: the importance of chirality CQ and HCQ are chiral drugs administered as racemates


id: cord-293428-8hj06hzt
author: Yang, Jianling
date: 2020-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1859
sentence: 56
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-293428-8hj06hzt.txt
txt: txt/cord-293428-8hj06hzt.txt
title:
  Cytotoxicity evaluation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in multiple cell lines and tissues by dynamic imaging system and PBPK model

summary:
  We compared the 237 R TTCC data collected from heart, liver, kidney, lung, and revealed HCQ has shown 238 significantly safe profiles than that of upon CQ treatment (9). As a result, our data 246 shows that kidney, lung and heart are prone to the toxicity of CQ, otherwise lung and 247 kidney are relative vulnerable upon HCQ treatment ( Figure 5 ).


id: cord-275037-sji0u8nu
author: Cavalli, Giulio
title: Large-scale use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 confirms safety, if not effectiveness
date: 2020-10-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 873
sentence: 29
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-275037-sji0u8nu.txt
txt: txt/cord-275037-sji0u8nu.txt
summary:
  HCQ was one of many agents used to treat rheumatologic conditions, which were repurposed for use in COVID-19 patients. A feared but utterly rare long-term side effect is retinal deposition leading to progressive visual impairment, whereas theoretical risks of arrhythmic disturbances are clinically negligible (i.e., no cardiac screening is required prior to initiation of HCQ treatment).


id: cord-288311-8kcturbn
author: Fassihi, Safa C.
title: Novel Approach for Low‐Dose Pulmonary Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine in COVID‐19
date: 2020-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1536
sentence: 55
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt
txt: txt/cord-288311-8kcturbn.txt
summary:
  Although further evidence is needed to determine the efficacy of aerosolized HCQ in the treatment of COVID-19, low-dose targeted pulmonary delivery represents a safe and potentially preferred delivery method, particularly given the purported mechanisms by which HCQ acts against SARS-CoV-2. After reviewing the prior literature, Klimke et al. tested the safety and tolerability of inhaled HCQ in two healthy human subjects by dissolving HCQ in 0.9% sodium chloride and administering it via commercial nebulizers.


id: cord-028530-hpgrbhkl
author: Cairoli, Ernesto
date: 2020-07-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 854
sentence: 29
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-028530-hpgrbhkl.txt
txt: txt/cord-028530-hpgrbhkl.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: how to use it waiting for conclusive scientific evidence()

summary:
  So far, clinical experience in the use of HCQ arises mainly from treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whose long-term effects show multiple benefits. In the COVID-19 patient, possible cardiac involvement is mainly related to 4 factors: 1) underlying heart disease (often silent in older patients); 2) myocardial involvement caused by the infection and the inflammatory response itself, which leads to myocarditis with elevated troponins; 3) acute toxicity probably associated with the use of antimalarials in high doses, more evident in chloroquine treatments and 4) concomitant use of other treatments that, together with HCQ, prolong the corrected QT interval (QTc), with the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias 3-5 .


id: cord-253513-zn87f1lk
author: Liu, Jia
date: 2020-03-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2376
sentence: 91
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-253513-zn87f1lk.txt
txt: txt/cord-253513-zn87f1lk.txt
title:
  Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro

summary:
  Time-of-addition experiment confirmed that HCQ effectively inhibited the entry step, as well as the post-entry stages of SARS-CoV-2, which was also found upon CQ treatment (Supplementary Fig. CQ treatment did not cause obvious changes in the number and size of ELs; however, the regular vesicle structure seemed to be disrupted, at least partially.


id: cord-277916-b4yqek29
author: Sridhar, Arun R.
title: QT Interval and Arrhythmic Safety of Hydroxychloroquine Monotherapy in Coronavirus Disease 2019
date: 2020-06-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3608
sentence: 147
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt
txt: txt/cord-277916-b4yqek29.txt
summary:
  In this multi-hospital retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients, HCQ monotherapy was not associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmias or arrhythmic cardiac arrest. In this retrospective, cohort study of COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ monotherapy, there were no instances of malignant ventricular arrhythmias or arrhythmic cardiac arrest.


id: cord-278246-mnj0zmkn
author: Hussain, Nowair
title: A Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19
date: 2020-08-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2991
sentence: 138
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt
txt: txt/cord-278246-mnj0zmkn.txt
summary:
  The mortality rate of patients after applying HCQ on patients with COVID-19 2) The rate of progression/improvement of COVID-19 disease 3) The rate of COVID-19 disease severity, for example, after applying the HCQ treatment, the rate of which patients went on to develop severe conditions such as acute hypoxic respiratory failure and adult respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 patients have increased levels of plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines


id: cord-277555-tsd6npma
author: Wilde, A. A. M.
title: The ‘president’s drug’
date: 2020-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1688
sentence: 65
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-277555-tsd6npma.txt
txt: txt/cord-277555-tsd6npma.txt
summary:
  An important finding of both studies and other studies on this topic is that COVID-19 patients are apparently much more sensitive to CQ-or HCQ-related QTc prolongation than patients with more conventional indications. Scientific integrity and public confidence in a time of crisis Inhibition of hERG K+ currents by antimalarial drugs in stably transfected HEK293 cells Cardiac complications attributed to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: a systematic review of the literature Randomized doseranging controlled trial of AQ-13, a candidate antimalarial, and chloroquine in healthy volunteers Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19 Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: efficacy, safety and clinical trials Chloroquine-induced QTc prolongation in COVID-19 patients The risk for QTc interval prolongation in COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine QT prolongation, torsades de pointes and sudden death with short courses of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine as used in COVID-19: a systematic review Chloroquine-induced torsade de pointes in a COVID-19 patient SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and inherited arrhythmia syndromes COVID-19, arrhythmicriskandinflammation: mindthegap!


id: cord-296649-h6oyjz56
author: Scherf-Clavel, Oliver
date: 2020-11-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5084
sentence: 209
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-296649-h6oyjz56.txt
txt: txt/cord-296649-h6oyjz56.txt
title:
  Tissue Level Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 antivirals in mice to predict their effects: comparing Remdesivir’s active metabolite GS-441 524 vs. the clinically failed Hydroxychloroquine

summary:
  A prophylactic effect of HCQ could be studied infecting the current mouse model after long term (1-3 weeks) treatment with HCQ (5mg/kg per day) in order to reach high HCQ tissue concentration at the time of infection. GS-441 524 and HCQ concentrations were quantified in mouse plasma and several mouse tissue homogenates by two liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods using an SCIEX API 6500 TM triple quadrupole (GS-441 524) and an API 5500 triple quadrupole (HCQ) mass spectrometer (SCIEX, Concord, Ontario, Canada).


id: cord-262454-bccrvapy
author: Szente Fonseca, Silvia Nunes
date: 2020-10-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4704
sentence: 170
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt
txt: txt/cord-262454-bccrvapy.txt
title:
  Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Outpatients Treated with Various Drug Regimens in Brazil: Comparative Analysis

summary:
  We observed that outpatient hospitalizations of the larger group of suspected COVID-19 ER patients, from the same HMO database before vs after the protocol started, March-April vs May, decreased significantly, 23% vs 9%, and mortality declined from 1.75% to 1.39%. The comorbidity distributions of the various treatments as shown in Table 1 suggest that except for shortness of breath, patients not treated with HCQ or J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f prednisone may have been slightly less symptomatic than treated patients.


id: cord-283903-e20v88ge
author: Davoodi, Lotfollah
title: Febuxostat therapy in outpatients with suspected COVID‐19: A clinical trial
date: 2020-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3124
sentence: 140
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-283903-e20v88ge.txt
txt: txt/cord-283903-e20v88ge.txt
summary:
  All rights reserved carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients were evaluated. The suspected contribution of thrombotic events to morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, it is recommended to use medicine with anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties for prevention or management of thrombosis in COVID-19


id: cord-270290-i4p4p0o4
author: Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan
title: Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity Consideration in the Treatment of COVID-19
date: 2020-04-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1717
sentence: 61
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt
txt: txt/cord-270290-i4p4p0o4.txt
summary:
  Nonetheless, it has been reported that retinal toxicity can develop even after <1 year of high dose of HCQ use (1000 mg daily) in an oncology trial. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000289 sha: doc_id: 270290 cord_uid: i4p4p0o4 The proposed doses of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19 (1000 mg/day for 10 days, CQ; 800 mg first day then 400 mg/day for 5 days, HCQ) in many guidelines worldwide, are considerably higher than the maximum recommended daily safe doses of both agents (≤2.3 mg/kg/day, CQ; ≤5.0 mg/kg/day, HCQ) for development of retinal toxicity.


id: cord-262193-p7foay4k
author: Ahmad, I.
date: 2020-05-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2471
sentence: 108
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-262193-p7foay4k.txt
txt: txt/cord-262193-p7foay4k.txt
title:
  Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine as Treatment for High-Risk COVID-19 Patients: Experience from Case Series of 54 Patients in Long-Term Care Facilities

summary:
  JAMA Cardiol Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Doxycycline reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediator secretion in macrophage and ex vivo human whole blood models Modulation of Cytokine and Cytokine Receptor/Antagonist by Treatment with Doxycycline and Tetracycline in Patients with Dengue Fever An alternative therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by doxycycline through matrix metalloproteinase inhibition Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Low and High Doxycycline Doses: AnIn VitroStudy Early Short-Term Treatment With Doxycycline Modulates Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling Early short-term doxycycline therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction to prevent the ominous progression to adverse remodeling: the TIPTOP trial Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: an observational study COVID-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility -King County Minocycline promotes the generation of dendritic cells with regulatory properties Minocycline inhibits antigen processing for presentation to human T cells: additive inhibition with chloroquine at therapeutic concentrations The effectiveness of doxycycline (DOXY) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) combination therapy in high risk COVID-19 patients in long-term care facilities is not yet understood.


id: cord-260857-oxxle915
author: Samuel, Sharmeen
date: 2020-07-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4188
sentence: 163
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt
txt: txt/cord-260857-oxxle915.txt
title:
  INCIDENCE OF ARRHYTHMIAS AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC ABNORMALITIES IN SYMPTOMATIC PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PCR POSITIVE SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION INCLUDING DRUG INDUCED CHANGES IN THE CORRECTED QT INTERVAL (QTc).

summary:
  There are several main findings of this paper including the following:1) significant arrhythmias in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection are infrequent but occur at incidence higher than expected in a general pediatric population, 2) comorbidities are not more common in COVID-19 patients with arrhythmias. The Lancet Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients: Risk factors, predictors, and complications: A review Cardiac Arrhythmias in COVID-19 Infection Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology Drug-induced ventricular tachycardia Association of Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine or Azithromycin With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 in AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part IV: the ST segment, T and U waves, and the QT interval: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society.


id: cord-268453-87b298uk
author: Ibáñez, Sebastián
title: Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19: should they be used as standard therapy?
date: 2020-06-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3503
sentence: 118
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt
txt: txt/cord-268453-87b298uk.txt
summary:
  The world health organization international clinical trials registered organization registered platform A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an openlabel non-randomized clinical trial Reply to Gautret et al. 2020: a Bayesian reanalysis of the effects of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on viral carriage in patients with Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: an observational study No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial The QT interval in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated with hydroxychloroquine/ azithromycin Safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin, in light of rapid wide-spread use for COVID-19: a multinational, network cohort and self-controlled case series study | medRxiv Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study) Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations In the absence of a vaccine and specifically designed antivirals, the medical community has proposed the use of various previously available medications in order to reduce the number of patients requiring prolonged hospitalizations, oxygen therapy, and mechanical ventilation and to decrease mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).


id: cord-253609-vi2fb43t
author: Gopinathannair, Rakesh
date: 2020-06-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3204
sentence: 147
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt
txt: txt/cord-253609-vi2fb43t.txt
title:
  COVID-19 and cardiac arrhythmias: a global perspective on arrhythmia characteristics and management strategies

summary:
  Large prospective studies to better define arrhythmic manifestations as well as the safety of treatment strategies in COVID-19 patients are warranted. A variety of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were reported in COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-293304-kakxmc14
author: Achutha, A. S.
date: 2020-09-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5899
sentence: 249
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-293304-kakxmc14.txt
txt: txt/cord-293304-kakxmc14.txt
title:
  Theoretical Insights into the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Chloroquine and Its Analogs and In Silico Screening of Main Protease Inhibitors

summary:
  Binding energy obtained for docking CQ and HCQ with 3CL pro and PfDHFR-TS; structure of CQ analogs with 4-aminoquinoline scaffold; structure of chloroquine analogs with quinoline scaffold, values for internal and external validation criteria, binding energy values of training and test molecules predicted with Model 2; domains and active site of 6LU7 bound with inhibitor N3; 2D interaction diagrams of docked complexes of CQ, HCQ with 3CL pro ; docked poses of CQ and HCQ in active site of 6LU7; 2D interaction diagrams of 29, 25, 22, 8, 24, 1, and 10 with 6LU7; structures of screened compounds from Asinex compound library; 2D interaction diagram of compounds having unfavorable interaction with target; 2D interaction diagrams of Asinex compounds with 6LU7 protein (PDF) Research and Development on Therapeutic Agents and Vaccines for COVID-19 and Related Human Coronavirus Diseases Diagnosing COVID-19: The Disease and Tools for Detection A Review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Based on Current Evidence Coronavirus Disease 2019: Model 2 was selected for further studies since it was the best fit model with next highest R 2 and Q 2 loo , which represents the fitness, robustness of the model, and the proximity of actual and predicted binding energy values.


id: cord-275041-fcdwitxy
author: Ayerbe, Luis
title: The association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients
date: 2020-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3260
sentence: 144
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt
txt: txt/cord-275041-fcdwitxy.txt
summary:
  Using limited evidence and clinical experience, doctors have treated COVID-19 patients with different drugs to eliminate or reduce the presence of the virus, including hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Once it was approved for clinical use in COVID-19 patients, HCQ was started immediately after admission, and it was stopped if any abnormalities were identified in the ECGs that were done on a daily basis to patients who were taking it.


id: cord-029882-kufs0fxe
author: Malviya, Amit
title: The continued dilemma about usage of Hydroxychloroquine: Respite is in randomized control trials
date: 2020-07-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 485
sentence: 20
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-029882-kufs0fxe.txt
txt: txt/cord-029882-kufs0fxe.txt
summary:
  In severe disease with multi system involvement and pro arrhythmic milieu COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology Critically ill SARS-CoV2-infected patients are not stratified as sepsis by the qSOFA Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19 Ventricular arrhythmia risk due to chloroquine / hydroxychloroquine treatment for COVID-19: 9,10 Weather HCQ as initial anti-viral agent prevents progression to severe disease is not known clearly .


id: cord-272419-y3ebt4jm
author: Monari, Caterina
date: 2020-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6494
sentence: 247
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt
txt: txt/cord-272419-y3ebt4jm.txt
title:
  A Focus on the Nowadays Potential Antiviral Strategies in Early Phase of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Narrative Review

summary:
  However, currently, there are very few data regarding the efficacy and safety profile of DRV/c in COVID-19 patients. However, a recent paper by Stauffer et al. has highlighted the relevant role that ivermectine may play in COVID-19 patients in preventing Strongyloides hyperinfection, which is a potential fatal complication secondary to the administration of dexamethasone [77] .


id: cord-270723-cjfglili
author: Fteiha, Bashar
title: QTc prolongation among hydroxychloroquine sulfate‐treated COVID‐19 patients: An observational study
date: 2020-10-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3324
sentence: 155
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt
txt: txt/cord-270723-cjfglili.txt
summary:
  An open-label nonrandomized (nowadays controversial) trial also showed that HCQ treatment was associated with a significant reduction in viral shedding, an effect reportedly accentuated by concomitant treatment with azithromycin in six patients 4 . Data collection and variables: All relevant demographic, clinical and laboratory data (including additional medications which could potentially prolong QTc interval, prescribed throughout hospitalization and overlapped with HCQ treatment) were collected from the electronic medical record (EMR).


id: cord-262780-ilu5oskk
author: Sattui, Sebastian E.
date: 2020-08-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4658
sentence: 189
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt
txt: txt/cord-262780-ilu5oskk.txt
title:
  Swinging the pendulum: lessons learned from public discourse concerning hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19

summary:
  Further studies assessing HCQ with or without AZM on QT prolongation in COVID-19 patients emerged [35] . Although the observational design had limitations, it's release was followed by articles in the press highlighting concerns of harm with HCQ use [40] .


id: cord-272296-1gn1zhvt
author: HUYBRECHTS, Krista F.
title: Hydroxychloroquine early in Pregnancy and Risk of Birth Defects
date: 2020-09-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4620
sentence: 156
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-272296-1gn1zhvt.txt
txt: txt/cord-272296-1gn1zhvt.txt
summary:
  [24] Since flares are associated with these and other complications and HCQ is 267 effective at controlling them, drug use in pregnancy may improve pregnancy outcomes for 268 women with rheumatic disorders, 23 as well as reduce the risk for congenital heart block in the 269 neonate. Since some women may fill prescriptions for 311 medications but not use them, our study may misclassify unexposed pregnancies into the HCQ 312 group, thus underestimating any potential effect; however, a large fraction of our cohort filled 313 prescriptions for HCQ throughout the first trimester.


id: cord-253196-et1ekgdl
author: Yazdany, Jinoos
date: 2020-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1331
sentence: 51
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt
txt: txt/cord-253196-et1ekgdl.txt
title:
  Use of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Every Clinician Should Know

summary:
  Well-done, randomized clinical trials should be performed urgently to test potential therapies, including HCQ. The antimalarials hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have demonstrated antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and in small, poorly controlled or uncontrolled clinical studies (1) (2) (3) .


id: cord-026811-6bdzut3d
author: Jha, Ashish K.
title: Emerging Treatment and Prevention Strategies against COVID-19: A Brief Update
date: 2020-05-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2690
sentence: 118
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-026811-6bdzut3d.txt
txt: txt/cord-026811-6bdzut3d.txt
summary:
  The FDA has issued guidance for use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in patients with serious COVID-19. Limited evidence shows that COVID-19 convalescent plasma can be used as a treatment of COVID-19 without the occurrence of severe adverse events.


id: cord-257144-3q0un5rl
author: Giri, Allan
date: 2020-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5582
sentence: 238
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt
txt: txt/cord-257144-3q0un5rl.txt
title:
  Mutagenic, Genotoxic and Immunomodulatory effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine: a review to evaluate its potential to use as a prophylactic drug against COVID-19

summary:
  Previously, we have evaluated the genetic toxicology of different drugs and chemicals including antimalarial drug CQ both in vitro and in vivo. The role of chloroquine supplementation in liquid holding recovery and ultraviolet lethality of Escherichia coli strains The comparative responses of Salmonella typhimurium TA1537 and TA97A to a range of reference mutagens and novel compounds Testing of chloroquine and quinacnne for mutagenicity in Drosophila melanogaster Comparison of the Ames assay and the induction of sister chromatid exchanges: results with ten pharmaceuticals and five selected agents Aspects of chloroquine mutagenicity Frameshift mutagenesis by chloroquine in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium Cortinas de Nava C. influence of the Uvr repair system on the mutagenicity of antiparasitic drugs Genetic toxicology testing of the antimalarial drugs Chloroquine and a new analog, AQ-13 Study of the evaluation of mutagenic effects of antimalarial drug chloroquine in Ames Salmonella assay Choloroquine inhibition of repair of DNA damage induced in mammalian cells by methyl methanesulfonate Cytogenetic effects of chloroquine in human lymphocyte cultures Simultaneous detection of chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges: experience with DNA intercalating agents Putative identification of functional interactions between DNA intercalating agents and topoisomerase II using the V79 in vitro micronucleus assay Anti-malarial chloroquine stimulate p53-apoptotic pathway in rat hepatocytes Genotoxicity of chloroquine in rat liver cells: protective role of free radical scavengers Action of chloroquine phosphate in rheumatoid arthritis.


id: cord-255690-xc4bxin4
author: Rolain, Jean-Marc
date: 2007-07-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7031
sentence: 279
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-255690-xc4bxin4.txt
txt: txt/cord-255690-xc4bxin4.txt
title:
  Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century

summary:
  CQ treatment of different cells, including macrophages, could inhibit the growth of several of these intracellular bacteria by neutralising the phagolysosomal pH CQ levels in serum should be monitored to ensure that they are maintained at 1 ± 0.2 mg/L. Similarly, an HIV-infected patient with Q fever endocarditis was successfully treated with valvular replacement and a combination of doxycycline and HCQ [76] .


id: cord-024786-f33eb1nf
author: van Rensburg, V
title: Current evidence for directed and supportive investigational therapies against COVID-19
date: 2020-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4419
sentence: 187
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-024786-f33eb1nf.txt
txt: txt/cord-024786-f33eb1nf.txt
summary:
  Nevertheless, owing to the possibility of potential harm by corticosteroids in viral infections, the WHO recommends against the routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients, unless used with caution for other indications where there are supportive data, such as sepsis and acute exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or as part of clinical trials. A retrospective cohort study Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in northeast Chongqing Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development Pharmacokinetics and concerns about clinical trials for 2019-nCoV infection Superheroes in autoimmune warfare: Biologic therapies in current SA practice The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the innate immune responses: Modulation of effector cell function without productive infection Bioinformatics analysis on molecular mechanism of ribavirin and interferon-α in treating MERS-CoV COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Anti-IL6R role in treatment of COVID-19-related ARDS Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: A single-center experience First case of COVID-19 in a patient with multiple myeloma successfully treated with tocilizumab Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: A case report Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle-cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab Off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection Systematic review of treatment effects Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza The influence of corticosteroid treatment on the outcome of influenza A(H1N1pdm09)-related critical illness Early administration of oral oseltamivir increases the benefits of influenza treatment Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus.


id: cord-259663-fjvumaby
author: Carvalho, Alzira Alves de Siqueira
title: Side Effects of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine on Skeletal Muscle: a Narrative Review
date: 2020-10-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2740
sentence: 108
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-259663-fjvumaby.txt
txt: txt/cord-259663-fjvumaby.txt
summary:
  In vacuolar muscle disorders, such as autophagic vacuolar myopathy induced by CQ/HCQ, Nrf2 is persistently activated with negative consequences on organ functions. By contrast, the literature described CB as a rare finding on muscle tissue seen in some but not all patients who have received treatment with antimalarials [29, 37] .


id: cord-031079-9lxhvyyb
author: Chen, Li
date: 2020-07-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5678
sentence: 221
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-031079-9lxhvyyb.txt
txt: txt/cord-031079-9lxhvyyb.txt
title:
  The effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on ACE2 related coronavirus pathology and the cardiovascular system: An evidence based review

summary:
  A virus replication by chloroquine Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Anti-malaria drug chloroquine is highly effective in treating avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in an animal model Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today's diseases? It was reported that relative delayed type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling promoted inflammatory monocyte-macrophage accumulation in BALB/c mice infected with SARS-CoV. 43 Consequently, these accumulated mononuclear macrophages produce more monocyte chemoattractants through activating the IFN-α/β receptors and mononuclear macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, induce apoptosis of T cells. signaling or tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-death receptor 5 (DR5) signaling.


id: cord-258684-lq4knxgf
author: Takano, Tomomi
date: 2020-05-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3716
sentence: 178
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-258684-lq4knxgf.txt
txt: txt/cord-258684-lq4knxgf.txt
title:
  Antiviral Effects of Hydroxychloroquine and Type I Interferon on In Vitro Fatal Feline Coronavirus Infection

summary:
  Based on this knowledge and our current study, type II FIPV may show less effect on the antiviral activity of HCQ and type I IFN, compared to type I FIPV. We investigated whether HCQ in association with interferon-ω (IFN-ω) is effective for FIPV in vitro.


id: cord-274545-r03g7w0b
author: Ayele Mega, Teshale
date: 2020-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6282
sentence: 301
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt
txt: txt/cord-274545-r03g7w0b.txt
title:
  The Outcome of Hydroxychloroquine in Patients Treated for COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

summary:
  In the pooled analysis, the odds of adverse effects among COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ patients were increased by 2.35 (OR � 2.35; 95% CI: 1.15-4.8). However, clinical studies were reporting contradictory results on the efficacy and safety of HCQ when used for treating COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-281285-5g1rw202
author: Simonis, Alexander
title: A comparative analysis of remdesivir and other repurposed antivirals against SARS‐CoV‐2
date: 2020-11-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9524
sentence: 320
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt
txt: txt/cord-281285-5g1rw202.txt
summary:
  Several studies could show that entry, as shown for SARS-CoV before, depends on binding of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) (subunit S1) of the S-protein to the human angiotensin converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2; Hoffmann et al, 2020a; Walls et al, 2020) . intracellular release of genomic RNA Burkard et al, 2014; Ou et al, 2020) .


id: cord-278068-3kg71nf4
author: Chivese, T.
date: 2020-07-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9806
sentence: 385
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt
txt: txt/cord-278068-3kg71nf4.txt
title:
  A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID19 infection

summary:
  Most of the existing systematic reviews have therefore carried out meta-analyses combining data from observational and experimental studies without accounting for the quality of included studies. (which was not certified by peer review) 1 1 magnitude of the effect, the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and the number of included studies.


id: cord-275340-q8d7rvnj
author: Sun, JingKang
title: Advances in the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19
date: 2020-06-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6638
sentence: 256
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt
txt: txt/cord-275340-q8d7rvnj.txt
summary:
  In a randomized clinical trial from Wuhan about HCQ treatment of mild COVID-19 [50] , 31 out of 62 patients received HCQ (200 mg/2 times/day for 5 days). In the initial trial from France, of the 84 patients receiving HCQ treatment, 8 patients discontinued HCQ owing to ECG modifications within 4 days.


id: cord-262467-epqqd8n8
author: Chen, Jun
title: COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives
date: 2020-06-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7608
sentence: 291
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt
txt: txt/cord-262467-epqqd8n8.txt
summary:
  Other symptoms including rhinorrhoea, sore throat, fatigue, dyspnea, muscle weakness, dizziness, and headache are also often reported in COVID-19 patients. As a viral pneumonia, respiratory tract specimens from COVID-19 patients are first of choice to collect for the detection of viral nuclear acid.


id: cord-026340-2nf97zvc
author: Singh, Ranjana
title: Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario
date: 2020-06-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7557
sentence: 281
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt
txt: txt/cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt
summary:
  Does CQ have anti-viral effects? This botanical has reported that anti-viral effect may aid to reduce the dose of CQ for prophylactic or therapeutic regimen.


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
author: Mendoza, Jose Luis Accini
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 69660
sentence: 2114
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt
txt: txt/cord-315598-qwh72inx.txt
title:
  ACTUALIZACION DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CONSENSO EN MEDICINA CRITICA PARA LA ATENCIÓN MULTIDISCIPLINARIA DEL PACIENTE CON SOSPECHA O CONFIRMACIÓN DIAGNÓSTICA DE COVID-19

summary:
  y los que tienen menos probabilidades de beneficiarse (él «demasiado enfermo»), no prestan suficiente atención a las diferencias entre grupos en términos de la duración de los cuidados intensivos necesarios para lograr resultados. Se recomienda aplicar la escala SOFA al menos cada 48 horas sumado al criterio de fragilidad y años de vida saludables salvados estos criterios podrían ser válidos en pacientes con fallo terapéutico a las medidas óptimas y orientar decisiones de deescalamiento de medidas y de nivel de complejidad de atención cuando la demanda potencial supera la oferta (capacidad y capacidades), estas decisiones deben ser tomadas idealmente en junta médica.


# url

id: cord-341377-mjdg84ny
domain: www.fda.gov
url:
  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reportingsystem-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-latest-quarterly-data-files


id: cord-281411-la8njxc1
domain: www.fda.gov
url:
  https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidancedocuments/enforcement-policy-non-invasive-remote-monitoring-devices-used-support-patientmonitoring-during


# ent

id: cord-281411-la8njxc1
sid: 1
eid: 7
type: ORG
entity:
  utilidad y seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con covid-19


id: cord-281411-la8njxc1
sid: 1
eid: 11
type: ORG
entity:
  seguridad de la automonitorización electrocardiográfica durante el tratamiento con hidroxicloroquina y azitromicina en pacientes con


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 1
eid: 25
type: ORG
entity:
  actualizacion de la declaración de consenso en medicina critica para la atención multidisciplinaria del paciente con sospecha o


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 71
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  en el modelo matemático ha proyectado la necesidad de 9500 camas de uci indicando por deducción la necesidad de 4400


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 124
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  los modelos de personal médico de la uci más ampliamente estudiados difieren en el nivel al cual los intensivistas están involucrados en el manejo de los


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 132
eid: 2
type: ORG
entity:
  académicas acreditadas o los ofrecidos por la asociación colombiana de medicina crítica y cuidados intensivos


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 149
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  estudiada como herramienta para identificar pacientes en riesgo de desarrollar un estado de enfermedad crítica


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 203
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  la intención implícita y explícita de los protocolos de clasificación debiera ser el «bien público» de maximizar


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 217
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  hay una recomendación definida sobre el uso de escalas de severidad de enfermedad para definir el de-escalamiento de la atención para pacientes críticos


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 237
eid: 3
type: ORG
entity:
  administrativos más eficientes para el traslado de pacientes fuera de la uci hacia niveles de menor complejidad


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 263
eid: 9
type: PERSON
entity:
  los procedimientos de amci ® bioseguridad de acuerdo con lo establecido en el protocolo del msps.(58


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 263
eid: 12
type: ORG
entity:
  con algodón impregnado de solución desinfectante y se deberá envolver en su totalidad sin retirar catéteres


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 307
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  una interpretación común del uso no indicado en la etiqueta y el uso compasivo de medicamentos es que


id: cord-315598-qwh72inx
sid: 319
eid: 2
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# pos

id: cord-341377-mjdg84ny
sid: 41
tid: 25
pos: VERB
token:
  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reportingsystem-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-latest-quarterly-data-files

lemma:
  https://www.fda.gov/drugs/questions-and-answers-fdas-adverse-event-reportingsystem-faers/fda-adverse-event-reporting-system-faers-latest-quarterly-data-file


