item: #1 of 445 id: cord-000018-amvlm09p author: Pauli, Eva-K. title: Influenza A Virus Inhibits Type I IFN Signaling via NF-κB-Dependent Induction of SOCS-3 Expression date: 2008-11-07 words: 9034 flesch: 48 summary: To examine whether expression of SOCS genes is induced in influenza virus infected cells, A549 cells were infected with PR8 for different time points. Signalling and apoptosis in influenza virus infected cells Dual function of interleukin-1beta for the regulation of interleukin-6-induced suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 expression IKKalpha, IKKbeta, and NEMO/IKKgamma are each required for the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory response program NF-kappaB-dependent induction of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) and Fas/FasL is crucial for efficient influenza virus propagation Activation of NF-kappa B via the ikappa B kinase complex is both essential and sufficient for proinflammatory gene expression in primary endothelial cells Multiple signaling pathways regulate NF-kappaB-dependent transcription of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene in primary endothelial cells Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: A lesson in detente IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory response in the absence of SOCS3 in macrophages NS1 protein of influenza A virus inhibits the function of intracytoplasmic pathogen sensor, RIG-I Intracellular warfare between human influenza viruses and human cells: The roles of the viral NS1 protein Regulation of a nuclear export signal by an adjacent inhibitory sequence: The effector domain of the influenza virus NS1 protein Binding of the influenza A virus NS1 protein to PKR mediates the inhibition of its activation by either PACT or double-stranded RNA Suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) in the immune system Influenza viruses and keywords: a549; a549 cells; accumulation; action; activation; activity; amounts; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; binding; blot; cells; cellular; control; cytokine; data; deficient; dependent; different; efficient; elevated; expression; factor; family; figure; gene; human; ifn; ifna; ifnb; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; interferon; isgs; jak; kinase; knock; levels; line; lysates; manufacturer; mechanism; medium; mef; minutes; moi; mrna; ns1; observed; p.i; pathway; pb1; pcr; phosphatases; phosphorylation; points; pr8; protein; quantitative; real; receptor; replication; response; results; rig; rna; role; signaling; similar; sirna; socs-3; stat1; stimulation; suppressor; system; time; titers; total; transcription; transfection; triphosphate; type; tyrosine; vanadate; viral; virus; viruses; western; wild cache: cord-000018-amvlm09p.txt plain text: cord-000018-amvlm09p.txt item: #2 of 445 id: cord-000083-3p81yr4n author: None title: Poster Exhibition date: 2009-01-31 words: 113010 flesch: 51 summary: From this group of HBV patients 35 (98%) have had elevated urinal Dol excreation (45,8±5,2 g/ml vs . 3% and 47.4 respectively in HCC patients, 60.3% and 39.7 in LC patients, 55% and 40 in CHB patients, 55% and 40 in ACLF patients. keywords: 1,2; 2008; abbott; abdominal; ability; ablation; abnormal; absence; accuracy; acid; aclf; aclf patients; activation; active; activity; acute; acute hepatitis; acute liver; addition; adefovir; adiponectin; administration; adult; adv; advanced; advanced hcc; adverse; afp; age; agent; ahb; aids patients; aim; aims; alanine; albumin; alcoholic; alfa-2a; allele; alpha; alt; alt group; alt levels; alternative; amino; aminotransferase; amplicor; analogues; analysis; anemia; angiogenesis; angiogenic; animals; anti; antibody; antigen; antioxidant; antiviral; antiviral therapy; antiviral treatment; apoptosis; apoptotic; approach; area; arm; arterial; ascites; asian; asian patients; assay; assessment; associated; association; ast; asymptomatic; available; average; b virus; background; bangladesh; basal; baseline; baseline hbv; basic; bcaa; bcp; beijing; benefit; better; bile; biliary; bilirubin; binding; biochemical; biomarkers; biopsies; bleeding; blood; blot; bmi; body; breakthrough; calculated; cancer; cancer patients; carcinoma; carcinoma patients; carriers; cases; caspase; cause; cccdna; cd25; cd4; cd8; cells; center; ceus; chain; change; characteristics; characterized; chb patients; chc; chemotherapy; chen; child; children; china; chinese patients; cholesterol; chronic hbv; chronic hepatitis; chronic liver; chronic viral; cirrhosis group; cirrhotic patients; cisplatin; classification; cld; clearance; clevudine; clinical; clinical study; clones; cobas; cohort; colon; combination; combination therapy; combination treatment; combined; common; comparable; comparison; complete; complications; concentration; conclusion; condition; consecutive patients; content; continued; contrast; contribute; control; control group; conventional; copies; copper; correlation; cost; countries; counts; course; cox; criteria; cross; crp; crucial; culture; cumulative; curative; curve; cycle; cytokines; cytometry; daily; damage; data; days; dcp; death; december; decline; decreased; degree; dendritic; density; department; detection; determined; developed; developing; development; diabetes; diabetic patients; diagnosis; diameter; diet; differences; different; difficult; dipivoxil; direct; diseases; distribution; divided; dna levels; dna load; dna negative; dna positive; donors; dose; double; drug; duration; dynamic; dysfunction; early; effect; effective; effectiveness; efficacy; elder patients; elecsys; elevated; elevation; elisa; emergence; encephalopathy; end; endoscopic; endpoint; enhanced; entecavir; entry; enzyme; esophageal; essential; established; ethanol; etiology; etv; evaluation; events; evidence; evr; examination; excretion; experienced; experimental; exposure; expression; expression level; extent; extract; factors; failure; fatty liver; features; fed; female; fetoprotein; fibrosis; fibrotic; findings; flare; flow; fold; follow; following; formation; free; frequency; frequent; function; gallbladder; gallstones; gastric; gender; gene; general; genetic; genome; genomic; genotype; genotyping; ggt; glucose; glutathione; good; gpc-3; grade; greater; group; group b; growth; hand; hav; hbc; hbeag; hbeag level; hbeag negative; hbeag positive; hbeag seroconversion; hbs; hbv carriers; hbv cccdna; hbv dna; hbv genotype; hbv group; hbv infection; hbv reactivation; hbv replication; hbv therapy; hbv treatment; hbv viral; hbvdna; hcc cases; hcc cell; hcc group; hcc patients; hcclm3; hccs; hcv; hcv rna; healthy; hepatectomy; hepatic; hepatic fibrosis; hepatic hbv; hepatitis b; hepatitis group; hepatitis patients; hepatocarcinogenesis; hepatocellular; hepatocellular carcinoma; hepatocytes; hepatoma; hepg2; hev; hfgl2; high hbv; high serum; higher; histological; history; hiv; hla; hospital; host; hours; hscs; human; hvpg; hypertension; ifn; igg4; iii; il-10; il-6; il-8; images; imaging; immune; immunohistochemical; impact; important; improved; improvement; inactive; incidence; increase; independent; index; india; individuals; induction; infected; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; inhibited; inhibitor; initial; injection; injury; institute; insulin; intensity; interferon; interval; intrahepatic; intrahepatic hbv; introduction; invasion; invasive; investigation; iron; isolated; january; japan; jaundice; july; key; kidney; kinase; klf8; known; korea; laboratory; lamivudine; lamivudine group; lamivudine treatment; large; later; ldt; leading; length; leptin; lesions; levels; like; limited; linear; lines; lipid; lipiodol; liver; liver biopsy; liver cancer; liver cells; liver cirrhosis; liver damage; liver disease; liver failure; liver function; liver injury; liver stiffness; liver tissue; liver transplantation; liver tumor; load; local; log10; long; loss; low; lower; lsm; lvd; lymphocytes; lymphoma patients; main; major; majority; male; male patients; malignant; management; markers; mars; mass; materials; mean; mean age; mean hbv; measurement; mechanism; median; medical; medicine; medium; meld; metabolic; metastasis; methods; mice; microarray; mild; mixed; model; molecular; molecules; monitoring; monotherapy; months; mortality; mouse; mrna; multiple; multivariate; muscle; mutant; mutation; mvi; nafld patients; nash; nash patients; national; naïve patients; nbnc; necessary; necrosis; need; needle; negative chronic; negative hbv; negative patients; neovascularization; new; nodules; non; nonalcoholic; normal; normal alt; normal liver; normalization; novel; npv; nuclear; nucleos(t)ide; nucleoside; number; obese; objective; observed; occult hbv; odds; old; order; outcome; overall; overexpression; overlapping; oxidative; p<0.001; p<0.05; parameters; partial; pathogenesis; pathological; pathway; patients; patients chronic; patients genotype; patients group; patterns; pbmcs; pcr; pd-1; peak; peg; peg10; peginterferon; pegylated; people; percentage; percutaneous; performance; period; peripheral; phase; phc patients; phg; phylogenetic; placebo; plasma; plasmid; platelet; play; plt; plus; point; polymerase; polymorphism; poor; population; portal; positive cells; positive chb; positive chronic; positive patients; positive rate; possibility; possible; post; poster; potential; ppv; practice; predictive; predictors; pregnant; presence; present; present study; pressure; pretreatment; prevalence; previous; primary; prior; problem; procedure; profile; prognosis; progression; proliferation; prolonged; promoter; proportion; prospective; protein; protein expression; prothrombin; pugh; purpose; quality; quantification; quantitative; quantity; rabbits; radiofrequency; randomized; range; rapid; rate; ratio; rats; reaction; reactive; real; recent; receptor; recipients; recombinant; records; recurrence; reduced; reduction; refractory patients; region; regulation; regulatory; relapse; related; relationship; relative; replication; reported; reports; research; resection; resistance; resistant hbv; resistant patients; respectively; response; response rate; results; retrospective; reverse; rfa; ribavirin; risk; risk patients; rna; roche; role; rosiglitazone; routine; rvr; sae; safety; saline; samples; sbp; score; screening; sensitive; sensitivity; sequence; sequencing; sera; seroconversion; serological; serum alt; serum hbv; serum levels; session; severe; severity; sex; signal; signaling; significance; significant difference; significant fibrosis; significantly; similar; simple; simulation; single; sirna; site; size; small; sodium; somani; sonazoid; south; specific; specificity; spleen; splenic; stable; stage; staining; standard; statistical; status; steatohepatitis; steatosis; stellate; step; strain; stress; studies; study; study group; study patients; subjects; substitutions; suppression; surface; surgery; surveillance; survival; sustained; svr; svr patients; switching; syndrome; system; t cells; t12; tace; taiwan; target; technique; telbivudine; terlipressin; test; testing; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; therapy group; time; tissue; tlr2; tlr4; tnf; total; total hbv; toxicity; transaminase; transcription; transmission; transplantation; treatment; treatment group; treatment patients; treatment response; treatment results; treg; trials; tumor; tvr; types; ultrasonography; underwent; undetectable; undetectable hbv; univariate; university; unknown; untreated; urine; use; useful; vaccination; vaccine; value; variables; variations; variceal; varices; vascular; vegf; vein; venous; viral; viral hepatitis; viral load; virologic; virus; vitro; vivo; volume; wang; wd patients; weeks; weight; western; wild; withdrawal; women; workers; years; young patients; younger; zhang; zinc cache: cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt plain text: cord-000083-3p81yr4n.txt item: #3 of 445 id: cord-000103-3zh8jmc2 author: Caignard, Grégory title: Differential Regulation of Type I Interferon and Epidermal Growth Factor Pathways by a Human Respirovirus Virulence Factor date: 2009-09-18 words: 9316 flesch: 44 summary: [18] , and parallels the interaction previously identified between Sendai virus C protein and mouse STAT1 Furthermore, virtually the same C-terminal region of Sendai virus C protein (AA 85-204) was previously reported to mediate the interaction with mouse STAT1 keywords: activation; activity; addition; airway; analysis; binding; c protein; cells; cellular; data; domain; downstream; egf; egfr; eif4e; elk1; encoding; erk; erk1/2; experiments; expression; factor; figure; fragments; gal4; gene; grb2; growth; gst; hek-293; hpiv3; hpiv3 infection; human; hybrid; ifn; immune; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; interaction; interferon; invitrogen; kinase; later; length; levels; like; luciferase; mapk; measles; membrane; nipah; parainfluenza; paramyxoviridae; pathway; pcr; phosphorylation; plasmids; protein; receptor; region; replication; reporter; residues; respiratory; respirovirus; response; results; rna; role; sendai; sequence; signaling; specific; stat1; stimulation; system; t cells; target; terminal; transfection; translation; type; u0126; vector; viral; virulence; virus; virus c; viruses; yeast cache: cord-000103-3zh8jmc2.txt plain text: cord-000103-3zh8jmc2.txt item: #4 of 445 id: cord-000104-3b8b8p61 author: McWhirter, Sarah M. title: A host type I interferon response is induced by cytosolic sensing of the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP date: 2009-08-31 words: 8591 flesch: 47 summary: These observations indicate that c-di-GMP can stimulate cytokine and NK cell responses in vivo, and these responses require the IRF3/7 transcription factors. DAI was expressed in other cell types, such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), but was dispensable for the response to cytosolic DNA in these cell types, suggesting that additional uncharacterized nucleic acid sensor proteins also exist . keywords: acid; activation; adjuvant; anti; antiviral; bacterial; bone; cells; cyclic; cytosolic; dai; data; deficient; distinct; dna; double; et al; experiments; expression; factors; fig; gene; gmp; host; hsa; human; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; independent; induced; induction; innate; interferon; irf3; irf3/7; irf7; ishii; karaolis; kinase; ligands; like; lps; macrophages; map; marrow; mavs; mda5; medzhitov; messenger; mice; molecule; mouse; myd88; nf-b; novel; nuclear; nucleic; pathogens; pathway; pcr; pda; production; protein; receptor; recognition; response; results; rig; rna; role; second; sensing; sensors; signaling; significant; similar; stetson; stimulated; student; system; tbk1; test; transcription; trif; trigger; type; university; vaccines; vivo; wild; / cache: cord-000104-3b8b8p61.txt plain text: cord-000104-3b8b8p61.txt item: #5 of 445 id: cord-000125-uvf5qzfd author: Kenworthy, Rachael title: Short-hairpin RNAs delivered by lentiviral vector transduction trigger RIG-I-mediated IFN activation date: 2009-09-03 words: 6664 flesch: 43 summary: Moreover, activation of IRF-3 ( Figure 1E ) and IFN promoters ( Figure 1F ) in 293FT cells, which do not contain a functional TLR3 signaling pathway (42) , indicates that TLR3 plays a negligible role, if any, in IFN induction by sh-B971. These results demonstrate that sh-B971 is a potent activator of IRF-3 and IRF-7, master regulators of IFN expression in human cells. keywords: -end; -ppp; ability; activation; anti; assay; b971; blunt; cells; culture; cypb; cytoplasmic; data; dicer; dna; dsrna; effect; expression; figure; gene; gs5; hairpin; hcv; hepatitis; human; ifn; ifn activation; ifn induction; induction; inhibition; interferon; lentiviral; line; loop; luciferase; mammalian; mavs; mda5; medium; pathway; pcaf; pcr; plasmids; production; promoter; protein; prrs; recognition; replication; replicon; response; results; reverse; rig; rna; rnai; role; sequence; short; shrnas; signaling; sirna; small; stem; structure; synthetic; system; target; tlr3; transduction; trigger; type; usa; vector; virus; viruses; wild cache: cord-000125-uvf5qzfd.txt plain text: cord-000125-uvf5qzfd.txt item: #6 of 445 id: cord-000164-094d0rn6 author: Suthar, Mehul S. title: IPS-1 Is Essential for the Control of West Nile Virus Infection and Immunity date: 2010-02-05 words: 8204 flesch: 38 summary: WNV infection of IPS-1 2/2 Mw resulted in significantly higher virus replication between 24 and 48 hours pi as compared to infected wild type cells ( Fig 2D) . Thus, the aberrant recruitment/expansion of these inflammatory DCs may contribute to immunopathogenesis and limit development of an effective immune response to control WNV virus infection. keywords: absence; activation; acute; adaptive; analysis; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; associated; cd4; cd8; cells; cns; control; cytokine; data; day; days; dcs; defenses; dendritic; dependent; disease; dissemination; early; elevated; encephalitis; enhanced; essential; expansion; expression; fig; fold; higher; hours; ifn; immune; immune response; immunity; increase; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; interferon; ips-1; lethal; levels; likely; mda5; mice; mouse; neurons; neutralization; nile; numbers; pathway; protection; receptor; regs; regulatory; replication; response; rig; rlr; rna; role; sera; serum; signaling; specific; studies; systemic; t cells; triggering; type; type mice; viral; virus; virus infection; vivo; west; wild; wild type; wnv; wnv infection cache: cord-000164-094d0rn6.txt plain text: cord-000164-094d0rn6.txt item: #7 of 445 id: cord-000403-vzbh457k author: Zhang, Weijun title: Identification of CD8(+ )cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus matrix protein in BALB/c mice date: 2011-05-30 words: 4280 flesch: 44 summary: A multiple amino acid sequence alignment among different PRRSV M proteins indicates that these two peptides are strongly conserved across multiple PRRSV strains and therefore should be considered for further research. We screened peptides derived from the PRRSV M protein for their ability to induce interferon (IFN)-γ in splenocytes harvested from BALB/ c mice following DNA vaccination and a booster vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing M protein. keywords: additional; analysis; antibody; balb; booster; cd3; cd8; cells; control; ctl; days; different; dna; epitopes; expression; fig; file; fitsrcrl; fusion; group; gymtfvhf; identification; ifn; immune; infection; m protein; mice; number; pbs; peptides; plasmid; porcine; protein; prrsv; psc11; purified; pvax1; recombinant; reproductive; research; respiratory; responses; rwr; sequence; significant; specific; splenocytes; strain; syndrome; table; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccinia; vector; virus cache: cord-000403-vzbh457k.txt plain text: cord-000403-vzbh457k.txt item: #8 of 445 id: cord-000409-lpf9lpky author: Chen, Yongwen title: Programmed Death (PD)-1-Deficient Mice Are Extremely Sensitive to Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain-3 (MHV-3) Infection date: 2011-07-07 words: 5653 flesch: 44 summary: The distribution of FGL2-positive cells in PD-1-deficient mice had not changed after 72 h of MHV-3 infection, but the number of positive cells in the examined organs was enhanced significantly and the levels of expression were much stronger (Fig. 5A ). High levels of PD-1-positive CD4(+), CD8(+) T cells, NK cells and macrophages were observed in liver, spleen, lymph node and thymus tissues following MHV-3 infection. keywords: activity; anti; capacity; cd8; cells; control; damage; deficient; deficient mice; deposition; different; disease; effector; expression; fgl2; fibrinogen; fig; foxp3; hepatitis; higher; ifn; immune; induced; infected; infection; levels; littermates; liver; lymph; mabs; macrophages; mice; model; mortality; mouse; murine; necrosis; nodes; number; organs; pd-1; pd-1deficient; pfu; positive; positive cells; post; protein; response; results; role; secretion; sense; signaling; spleen; staining; thymus; tissue; tnf; transcription; viral; virus; wt mice cache: cord-000409-lpf9lpky.txt plain text: cord-000409-lpf9lpky.txt item: #9 of 445 id: cord-000478-88wo4xen author: Gowen, Brian B. title: Use of Recombinant Adenovirus Vectored Consensus IFN-α to Avert Severe Arenavirus Infection date: 2011-10-24 words: 4418 flesch: 43 summary: *P,0.05, ***P,0.001 compared to rAd EV-treated animals Treatment of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever with intravenous ribavirin Interferon-alpha as an immunotherapeutic protein Interferon alfacon-1 protects hamsters from lethal pichinde virus infection Combinatorial ribavirin and interferon alfacon-1 therapy of acute arenaviral disease in hamsters Animal models of highly pathogenic RNA viral infections: hemorrhagic fever viruses Enhanced circulating half-life and antitumor activity of a site-specific pegylated interferonalpha protein therapeutic Treatment of Yellow Fever Virus with an Adenovirus-Vectored Interferon, DEF201, in a Hamster Model Pre-and post-exposure protection against Western equine encephalitis virus after single inoculation with adenovirus vector expressing interferon alpha Nasal delivery of an adenovirus-based vaccine bypasses pre-existing immunity to the vaccine carrier and improves the immune response in mice vitro and in vivo activities of T-705 against arenavirus and bunyavirus infections A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints Recognition of virus infection and innate host responses to viral gene therapy vectors Human macrophages, but not dendritic cells, are activated and produce alpha/beta interferons in response to Mopeia virus infection Differential inhibition of type I interferon induction by arenavirus nucleoproteins Short double-stranded RNAs with an overhanging 59 ppp-nucleotide, as found in arenavirus genomes, act as RIG-I decoys Z proteins of New World arenaviruses bind RIG-I and interfere with type I interferon induction Inhibition of the type I interferon response by the nucleoprotein of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Early and strong immune responses are associated with control of viral replication and recovery in lassa virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in detente Singledose intranasal administration with mDEF201 (adenovirus vectored mouse interferon-alpha) confers protection from mortality in a lethal SARS-CoV BALB/c mouse model Alpha interferon as an adenovirus-vectored vaccine adjuvant and antiviral in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection Comparative seroprevalence and immunogenicity of six rare serotype recombinant adenovirus vaccine vectors from subgroups B and D Efficacy waned when DEF201 treatment was delayed to 48 h postinfection. keywords: adenovirus; administered; alpha; alt; animals; antiviral; challenge; cifn; control; day; days; def201; disease; dose; effect; effective; experiment; exposure; expression; fever; figure; group; hamsters; hemorrhagic; host; i.n; immune; immunity; infected; infection; interferon; lassa; lethal; levels; liver; mortality; pfu; picv; placebo; post; pre; pretreatment; prophylaxis; protection; protein; rad; recombinant; replication; response; ribavirin; serum; single; spleen; survival; time; titers; treatment; type; use; vector; viral; virus; weight cache: cord-000478-88wo4xen.txt plain text: cord-000478-88wo4xen.txt item: #10 of 445 id: cord-000554-p4ufea6x author: Gao, Wei title: Distinct Regulation of Host Responses by ERK and JNK MAP Kinases in Swine Macrophages Infected with Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus date: 2012-01-18 words: 5545 flesch: 47 summary: World Health Organization Swine influenza H1N1 virus induces acute inflammatory immune responses in pig lungs: a potential animal model for human H1N1 influenza virus Cytokines and acute phase proteins associated with acute swine influenza infection in pigs Porcine innate and adaptative immune responses to influenza and coronavirus infections Cytokines in the pathogenesis of influenza Alveolar macrophages are indispensable for controlling influenza viruses in lungs of pigs Pathology of the swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) flu Replication and plaque assay of influenza virus in an established line of canine kidney cells Immune-related gene expression in response to H11N9 low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in chicken and Pekin duck peripheral blood mononuclear cells Modulation of the immune responses in chickens by low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus H9N2 Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a low-pathogenicity avian influenza H11N9 virus Host immune and apoptotic responses to avian influenza virus H9N2 in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells RNA recognition and signal transduction by RIG-I-like receptors RIG-I-like receptors: sensing and responding to RNA virus infection Pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza Previous studies found that IFN induction was dependent on the JNK1/2 signaling pathway in epithelial cells infected with influenza virus infection keywords: activation; anti; antiviral; apoptosis; avian; cells; cytokines; data; erk1/2; fasl; fig; fold; h1n1pdm; host; hrs; human; ifn; il-1b; il-6; il-8; immune; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitors; jnk1/2; kinases; level; like; macrophages; map; nfkb; p.i; p38; pandemic; pathways; pattern; pcr; phosphorylation; pigs; presence; proinflammatory; realtime; regulated; regulation; respiratory; responses; rig-1; rna; signaling; siv; specific; study; swine; swine macrophages; tnf; total; trail; virus; viruses cache: cord-000554-p4ufea6x.txt plain text: cord-000554-p4ufea6x.txt item: #11 of 445 id: cord-000660-tsvzg0ax author: Fensterl, Volker title: Interferon-Induced Ifit2/ISG54 Protects Mice from Lethal VSV Neuropathogenesis date: 2012-05-17 words: 8309 flesch: 48 summary: In wt mice, VSV RNA was present prominently in the cortex, midbrain and brainstem, but not in the cerebellum ( Figure 4C ), which is consistent with published results [24] . Ifit1 and IFN-b mRNAs were induced as strongly in OB of Ifit22/2 as in wt mice, which correlated well with similar abundance of VSV RNA in wt and Ifit2 2/2 OB (Figure 5A compared to Figure 3C ). keywords: 2/2; absence; action; antiviral; assay; brain; cells; central; contrast; d.p.i; days; death; different; dose; effect; efficient; emcv; enhanced; expression; family; figure; fold; functions; gene; group; high; higher; ifit2; ifn; ifnar; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; interferon; intranasal; investigation; isg56; isgs; knockout; levels; log; low; lungs; mice; mouse; mrna; murine; nervous; neurons; neuropathogenesis; observed; olfactory; organs; p,0.05; p56; panel; pathogenesis; pbs; pdf; pfu; protein; regions; replication; results; rna; similar; specific; specificity; spread; stomatitis; survival; susceptibility; susceptible; synthesis; system; titers; type; vesicular; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; vsv; vsv infection; vsv replication; wild; wt mice cache: cord-000660-tsvzg0ax.txt plain text: cord-000660-tsvzg0ax.txt item: #12 of 445 id: cord-000725-rafwlw0t author: Hindinger, Claudia title: IFN-γ Signaling to Astrocytes Protects from Autoimmune Mediated Neurological Disability date: 2012-07-27 words: 5125 flesch: 35 summary: Supporting an initial pro-inflammatory role of astrocytes dependent on innate, not IFN-c responsiveness, inhibition of IFN-c signaling to astrocytes did not influence EAE onset or incidence, initial disease progression, astrocyte activation, or BBB integrity as indicated by similar entry of inflammatory cells into the brain. Therefore, astrocyte activation constitutes a ubiquitous, yet heteroge-neous response associated with both promoting and inhibiting CNS repair [3] [4] [5] . keywords: absence; activation; acute; anti; areas; astrocytes; autoimmune; axonal; biosciences; brain; cd4; cd45; cd8; cells; central; chronic; clinical; cns; contrast; cords; critical; cytokines; damage; data; day; demyelination; disease; eae; encephalomyelitis; experimental; expression; fig; following; functions; gamma; gfapcr1d; ifn; il-10; il-27; inability; inflammation; inflammatory; initial; matter; mice; microglia; mrna; multiple; nervous; p.i; peak; pro; progression; reactive; regulation; responses; role; secretion; sections; signaling; similar; spinal; sustained; symptoms; system; th17; tnf cache: cord-000725-rafwlw0t.txt plain text: cord-000725-rafwlw0t.txt item: #13 of 445 id: cord-001109-xs7df6a7 author: Tapia, Karla title: Defective Viral Genomes Arising In Vivo Provide Critical Danger Signals for the Triggering of Lung Antiviral Immunity date: 2013-10-31 words: 7179 flesch: 43 summary: Although full-length viral genomes were detected in both YFP + and YFP 2 CD45 2 populations sorted three days after infection, DVGs were only found in YFP + cells (Fig. 5D) , suggesting that the presence of DVGs promotes IFNb production in response to virus infection in vivo. SeV copy-back DVGs trigger a robust and sustained activation of IRF3 and NF-kB independent of type I IFN feedback To further investigate the cellular mechanisms responsible for the efficient activation of the antiviral response by SeV DVGs, we evaluated the phosphorylation of transcription factors that are critical for the expression of type I IFNs in cells infected with equivalent amounts of infectious particles of a SeV strain Cantell stock containing high levels of copy-back DVGs (SeV Cantell HD) or with SeV Cantell depleted of DVGs (SeV Cantell LD). keywords: accumulation; activation; activity; allantoic; antiviral; cantell; cantell ld; cells; cellular; containing; content; copy; data; defective; detection; different; dps; dvgs; eggs; equivalent; expression; feedback; fig; fluid; genomes; genomic; hen; hepatitis; high; higher; host; iav; ifn; ifnb; ifns; immune; immunostimulatory; infected; infection; influenza; interfering; irf3; levels; lung; mda5; mice; molecular; mouse; mrna; particles; persistent; post; pr8; presence; primary; production; promoter; proteins; rate; reduced; replication; response; rig; rna; role; sendai; sev; sev cantell; signaling; standard; stocks; strain; strong; tcid; total; transcribed; transcription; type; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; yfp cache: cord-001109-xs7df6a7.txt plain text: cord-001109-xs7df6a7.txt item: #14 of 445 id: cord-001124-qcjbtflt author: Carrero, Javier Antonio title: Confounding roles for type I interferons during bacterial and viral pathogenesis date: 2013-10-24 words: 4555 flesch: 33 summary: in murine listeriosis TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells mediate innate immune defense against bacterial infection IFN-beta increases listeriolysin O-induced membrane permeabilization and death of macrophages Lymphocyte apoptosis during early phase of Listeria infection in mice Reduced apoptosis and ameliorated listeriosis in TRAIL-null mice Mechanisms and immunological effects of apoptosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes Regulation of macrophage Ia expression in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency: induction of Ia expression by a T cell-independent mechanism Lymphocytes are detrimental during the early innate immune response against Listeria monocytogenes Both innate and acquired immunity to Listeria monocytogenes infection are increased in IL-10-deficient mice HIV-1 immunopathogenesis: how good interferon turns bad How do viral infections predispose patients to bacterial infections? In the case of LCMV, chronic IFN-I signaling induces adaptive immune system suppression. keywords: acute; alpha; antiviral; apoptosis; bacterial; beta; cells; chronic; dcs; death; dependent; effects; expression; extensive; family; host; ifn; ifnar; il-10; immune; immunity; important; induced; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; lcmv; listeria; llo; lymphocytes; macrophages; mechanisms; mice; molecular; monocytogenes; negative; outcomes; pd-1; production; receptor; resistant; response; role; signaling; suppression; susceptibility; system; tnf; type; viral; virus; viruses; wild; work cache: cord-001124-qcjbtflt.txt plain text: cord-001124-qcjbtflt.txt item: #15 of 445 id: cord-001236-cgiok0ce author: Binjawadagi, Basavaraj title: An innovative approach to induce cross-protective immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the lungs of pigs through adjuvanted nanotechnology-based vaccination date: 2014-03-24 words: 7580 flesch: 37 summary: Therefore, in this study we investigated the immune responses exclusively both at mucosal surfaces and parenchyma of pig lungs. 14 Induction of strong local mucosal immunity and clearance of heterologous PRRSV from vaccinated pig lungs is important for effective control of PRRS. keywords: acid; adjuvant; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigen; avidity; bal; cd4; cd8; cells; clearance; cmi; comparable; components; cross; data; delivery; detectable; disease; dose; enhanced; figure; fluid; frequency; group; heterologous; high; higher; homogenate; ifn; iga; igg; igg1; igg2; immune; immunity; important; inactivated; infection; intranasal; kag; levels; lmncs; load; low; lung; lysate; mn184; mock; mucosal; mycobacterium; nanoparticle; parenchyma; pigs; plates; plga; porcine; potent; production; protective; prrsv; reproductive; respiratory; response; results; rna; role; samples; significant; soluble; specific; stimulated; strain; strong; study; surfaces; syndrome; tested; th1; th2; titers; total; tuberculosis; type; unentrapped; usa; vaccinated; vaccine; viral; virus; water; wcl cache: cord-001236-cgiok0ce.txt plain text: cord-001236-cgiok0ce.txt item: #16 of 445 id: cord-001273-plz1ja2e author: Dussurget, Olivier title: The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and the interferon family: type I, type II and type III interferons date: 2014-04-28 words: 7429 flesch: 31 summary: The role of genomic data in the discovery, annotation and evolutionary interpretation of the interferon-lambda family Listeria monocytogenesfrom saprophyte to intracellular pathogen Gastrointestinal phase of Listeria monocytogenes infection Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is an innate immune sensor of HIV and other retroviruses Irf3 polymorphism alters induction of interferon beta in response to Listeria monocytogenes infection Recent developments in the transcriptional regulation of cytolytic effector cells Control points in NKT-cell development The Listeria monocytogenes InlC protein interferes with innate immune responses by targeting the IκB kinase subunit IKKα Incidence of listeriosis and related mortality among groups at risk of acquiring listeriosis RIG-I detects triphosphorylated RNA of Listeria monocytogenes during infection in non-immune cells Importance of murine The role of the activated macrophage in clearing Listeria monocytogenes infection IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R Monocyte recruitment during infection and inflammation Nuclear receptor ERR-alpha and coactivator PGC-1beta are effectors of IFN-gamma-induced host defense Cell biology and immunology of Listeria monocytogenes infections: novel insights Type I interferons in host defense Characterization of the interferon-producing cell in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes IFN regulatory factor 3-dependent induction of type I IFNs by intracellular bacteria is mediated by a TLR-and Nod2-independent mechanism Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type keywords: activation; adaptive; addition; amp; animal; antiviral; autophagy; bacterial; bahd1; cadherin; capacity; cells; cellular; characterized; chromatin; clearance; complex; contrast; control; cossart; critical; cyclic; cytokines; cytosolic; defense; dependent; different; disease; dna; effectors; epithelial; escape; et al; expression; factors; family; food; function; gamma; gmp; hepatocytes; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; important; inducible; induction; infected; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; internalin; intestinal; intracellular; isgs; key; lebreton; listeria; listeria infection; listeria monocytogenes; listeriosis; lnta; macrophages; major; mamps; mdrt; mechanisms; mice; model; monocytogenes; monocytogenes infection; mouse; multiple; murine; pathogens; pathways; peptidoglycan; pgda; production; promoter; protein; receptor; recognition; regulation; resistance; response; role; secretion; signaling; single; species; specific; stat1; sting; strain; surface; susceptibility; transcription; type; type iii; virulence; wilson cache: cord-001273-plz1ja2e.txt plain text: cord-001273-plz1ja2e.txt item: #17 of 445 id: cord-001359-c1uom5f7 author: Oslund, Karen L. title: Synergistic Up-Regulation of CXCL10 by Virus and IFN γ in Human Airway Epithelial Cells date: 2014-07-17 words: 4573 flesch: 47 summary: following infection with the MEM influenza virus and treatment with IFN c. CXCL10 induction was also significantly elevated following the combined treatment of MEM and IFN c treatment as compared to the treatment with IFN c alone. In summary, we demonstrate IFN c and the influenza virus synergistically induce CXCL10 in human airway epithelial cells. keywords: airway; antibody; apical; bar; cells; control; culture; cxcl10; dependent; dsrna; epithelial; expression; fig; gamma; gene; hbe; hours; human; ifn; ifn c; ifnar; ikb; important; induced; induction; infection; influenza; interferon; isre; levels; luciferase; macrophages; media; mice; mouse; mrna; mte; murine; nfkb; pathway; primary; promoter; protein; region; response; results; role; signaling; significant; site; study; synergism; synergistic; synergy; treatment; type; viral; virus; vivo cache: cord-001359-c1uom5f7.txt plain text: cord-001359-c1uom5f7.txt item: #18 of 445 id: cord-001397-nrq4ncdf author: Mlera, Luwanika title: The role of viral persistence in flavivirus biology date: 2014-05-12 words: 15612 flesch: 33 summary: (Appler et al., 2010; Pierson & Diamond, 2012) : WNV RNA persisted in a pantropic manner in 12% of infected mice for up to 6 months. In this study, infectious virus was recovered in the skin, and viral RNA was identified in the skin, as well as the spinal cord and brain (Appler et al., 2010) . keywords: acid; activity; acute; addition; adult; aedes; alpha; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; apoptosis; appler et; associated; beta; binding; biology; birds; blood; capsid; cells; cellular; central; characterized; chronic; clinical; complex; conserved; control; coxsackievirus; crystal; culex; culture; cycle; cyclization; days; death; deer; dengue; dengue virus; denv; dependent; detection; development; different; disease; dissemination; domain; elements; encephalitis; encephalitis virus; envelope; essential; establishment; et al; evidence; example; experimental; expression; factors; fever; fig; flavivirus; flavivirus persistence; functions; genes; genetic; genome; genomic; girard et; glycoprotein; golden; hamsters; hcv; high; host; humans; identification; ifn; igm; illness; immune; important; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; interferon; isolation; ixodes; jak; japanese; japanese encephalitis; jev; labuda; levels; lindenbach et; localization; long; low; maintenance; mammalian; mammals; mandl; mbfv; mechanisms; membrane; mice; midgut; models; molecular; months; mosquitoes; mouse; murray; mutations; nature; neuroinvasiveness; neurological; neurovirulence; new; nile; nile virus; nonstructural; ns1; ns2a; ns2b; ns3; ns4a; ns4b; ns5; nuclear; nucleotide; particles; pathway; pcr; persistence; persistent infection; pipiens; polymerase; powv; precise; prevalence; prm; protease; protein; recognition; region; regulation; replication; reservoirs; response; results; rna; rodents; role; scapularis; sequences; signaling; similar; single; site; slev; small; species; specific; stat; strain; structure; studies; study; system; tbev; tbfvs; tick; transmission; type; urine; useful; utr; vbfv; vector; vertebrate; viral; viral persistence; viral rna; virus; virus infection; virus rna; viruses; west; west nile; wild; wnv; wnv infection; years; yfv cache: cord-001397-nrq4ncdf.txt plain text: cord-001397-nrq4ncdf.txt item: #19 of 445 id: cord-001515-x11t9pbv author: Kosinska, Anna D. title: Therapeutic vaccination and immunomodulation in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B: preclinical studies in the woodchuck date: 2014-12-23 words: 6395 flesch: 33 summary: Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B Cellular and virological mechanisms of HBV drug resistance Hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogues Long-lasting memory T cell responses following selflimited acute hepatitis B The hepatitis B virus persists for decades after patients' recovery from acute viral hepatitis despite active maintenance of a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responsiveness after resolution of chronic hepatitis B virus infection Specific vaccine therapy in chronic hepatitis B: induction of Expression and purification of woodchuck tumour necrosis factor alpha Molecular cloning of the woodchuck cytokines: TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-6 Woodchuck gamma interferon upregulates major histocompatibility complex class I transcription but is unable to deplete woodchuck hepatitis virus replication intermediates and RNAs in persistently infected woodchuck primary hepatocytes Molecular characterization of woodchuck interleukin 15 (wIL-15) and detection of its expression in liver samples of woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) Molecular cloning and expression of woodchuck granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor Expression of a new woodchuck IFN-alpha gene by a helper-dependent adenoviral vector in woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected primary hepatocytes Molecular characterization of woodchuck type I interferons and their expression by woodchuck peripheral blood lymphocytes Molecular characterization of the type I IFN receptor in two woodchuck species and detection of its expression in liver samples from woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) Hepatitis B virus-specific T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in chronic hepatitis B e antibody-positive patients treated with ribavirin and interferon alpha Role of Tolllike receptor 2 in the immune response against hepadnaviral infection Lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune responses in primary hepatocytes downregulates woodchuck hepatitis virus replication via interferon-independent pathways Molecular characterization of CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) of woodchuck (Marmota monax) Transcriptomic analysis of the woodchuck model of chronic hepatitis B Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA Sensitive and viable identification of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells by a flow cytometric assay for degranulation Ex vivo identification, isolation and analysis of tumor-cytolytic T cells The woodchuck: an animal model for hepatitis B virus infection in man Therapeutic vaccination of woodchucks against chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection Induction of antibodies to the PreS region of surface antigens of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) in chronic carrier woodchucks by immunizations with WHV surface antigens Lamivudine treatment can overcome cytotoxic T-cell hyporesponsiveness in chronic hepatitis B: new perspectives for immune therapy Transient restoration of anti-viral T cell responses induced by lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection Reinvigorating exhausted HIV-specific T cells via PD-1-PD-1 ligand blockade T-helper cell response to woodchuck hepatitis virus antigens after therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected animals treated with lamivudine Combination of an antiviral drug and immunomodulation against hepadnaviral infection in the woodchuck model Immunization with surface antigen vaccine alone and after treatment with 1-(2-fluoro-5-methyl-beta-Larabinofuranosyl)-uracil (L-FMAU) breaks humoral and cellmediated immune tolerance in chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection Immunogenic effects of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen vaccine in combination with antiviral therapy: breaking of humoral and cellular immune tolerance in chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity Augmentation of immune responses to SARS coronavirus by a combination of DNA and whole killed virus vaccines Recombinant adenovirus induces maturation of dendritic cells via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway Development of a preventive vaccine for Ebola virus infection in primates Attenuation of simian immunodeficiency virus SIV-mac239 infection by prophylactic immunization with dna and recombinant adenoviral vaccine vectors expressing Gag Prime-boost vaccination with plasmid DNA and a chimeric adenovirus type 5 vector with type 35 fiber induces protective immunity against HIV DNA prime-adenovirus boost immunization induces a vigorous and multifunctional T-cell response against hepadnaviral proteins in the mouse and woodchuck model Combination of DNA prime-adenovirus boost immunization with entecavir elicits sustained control of chronic hepatitis B in the woodchuck model T cells and viral persistence: lessons from diverse infections By contrast, patients with chronic hepatitis B tend to have delayed, transient or narrowly focused T cell responses keywords: acute; adenoviral; analogues; animal; antibodies; antigen; antiviral; approaches; blockade; boost; carriers; cd8; cell; cellular; characterization; chb; chronic; chronic hepatitis; combination; control; cytotoxic; development; dna; effective; efficacy; etv; expression; function; gene; hbsag; hbv; hepadnaviral; hepatitis; hepatocytes; ifn; immune; immunity; immunization; induced; infected; infection; innate; interferon; lamivudine; levels; liver; load; model; new; nucleos(t)ide; patients; pd-1; prime; proteins; recombinant; replication; responses; results; specific; strategies; studies; study; suppression; surface; sustained; system; t cell; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; vaccination; vaccines; vectors; virus; whsag; whv; woodchuck cache: cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt plain text: cord-001515-x11t9pbv.txt item: #20 of 445 id: cord-001542-f089bs8r author: Lai, Kang Yiu title: Human Ebola virus infection in West Africa: a review of available therapeutic agents that target different steps of the life cycle of Ebola virus date: 2014-11-28 words: 11294 flesch: 36 summary: implications for vaccines and therapies Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate models: possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily Ebola virus selectively inhibits responses to interferons, but not to interleukin-1beta, in endothelial cells Inflammatory responses in Ebola virus-infected patients Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Infection and activation of monocytes by Marburg and Ebola viruses Monocyte-derived human macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with ebola virus secrete MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha and inhibit poly-ICinduced IFN-alpha in vitro Markedly elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with fatal Ebola virus infection Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in primate models: evidence that hemorrhage is not a direct effect of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells Ebola virus glycoprotein toxicity is mediated by a dynamin-dependent protein-trafficking pathway Filovirus-induced endothelial leakage triggered by infected monocytes/ macrophages Ebola virus glycoproteins induce global surface protein down-modulation and loss of cell adherence Requirements for cell rounding and surface protein down-regulation by Ebola virus glycoprotein Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/ macrophages is a key event Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor Immunopathology of highly virulent pathogens: insights from Ebola virus Ebola haemorrhagic fever Pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fever Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection Molecular Basis for Ebola Virus VP35 Suppression of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever The role of antigen-presenting cells in filoviral hemorrhagic fever: gaps in current knowledge Human fatal zaire ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis Mechanisms and consequences of ebolavirus-induced lymphocyte apoptosis Ebola virus does not block apoptotic signaling pathways Characterization of host immune responses in Ebola virus infections Filoviruses and the balance of innate, adaptive, and inflammatory responses Functional CD8+ T cell responses in lethal Ebola virus infection CD8-mediated protection against Ebola virus infection is perforin dependent Induction of humoral and CD8+ T cell responses are required for protection against lethal Ebola virus infection Induction of immune responses in mice and monkeys to Ebola virus after immunization with liposome-encapsulated irradiated Ebola virus: protection in mice requires CD4(+) T cells Cutting edge: impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by Ebola and Lassa viruses Correlates of immunity to filovirus infection The Multiple Roles of sGP in Ebola Pathogenesis Ebolavirus glycoprotein GP masks both its own epitopes and the presence of cellular surface proteins Steric shielding of surface epitopes and impaired immune recognition induced by the ebola virus glycoprotein Influences of glycosylation on antigenicity, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of ebola virus GP DNA vaccines Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications Infectivity-enhancing antibodies to Ebola virus glycoprotein Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection Epitopes required for antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection Ebola virus can be effectively neutralized by antibody produced in natural human infection Structural basis for differential neutralization of ebolaviruses. Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola viral disease Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment World Health Organization: potential Ebola therapies and vaccines Clinical features and pathobiology of Ebolavirus infection Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease Delta-peptide is the carboxyterminal cleavage fragment of the nonstructural small glycoprotein sGP of Ebola virus The glycoproteins of Marburg and Ebola virus and their potential roles in pathogenesis Release of viral glycoproteins during Ebola virus infection The secret life of viral entry glycoproteins: moonlighting in immune evasion The pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Role of Ebola virus secreted glycoproteins and virus-like particles in activation of human macrophages Identification of the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury Shed GP of Ebola Virus Triggers Immune Activation and Increased Vascular Permeability Ebola virus glycoprotein counteracts BST-2/Tetherin restriction in a sequence-independent manner that does not require tetherin surface removal Anti-tetherin activities of HIV-1 Vpu and Ebola virus glycoprotein do not involve removal of tetherin from lipid rafts Ebolavirus Replication and Tetherin/BST-2 The nonstructural small glycoprotein sGP of Ebola virus is secreted as an antiparallel-orientated homodimer Antigenic subversion: a novel mechanism of host immune evasion by Ebola virus A novel mechanism of immune evasion mediated by Ebola virus soluble glycoprotein Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane Ebola virus glycoproteins Ebola virus secretory glycoprotein (sGP) diminishes Fc gamma RIIIB-to-CR3 proximity on neutrophils Effects of Ebola virus glycoproteins on endothelial cell activation and barrier function Ebola virus glycoprotein GP is not cytotoxic when expressed constitutively at a moderate level Ebolavirus delta-peptide immunoadhesins inhibit marburgvirus and ebolavirus cell entry A new Ebola virus nonstructural glycoprotein expressed through RNA editing Ebola virus enters host cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis The Ebola virus glycoprotein mediates entry via a non-classical dynamindependent keywords: activation; adenovirus; agents; alpha; amiloride; amiodarone; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; associated; available; binding; blood; broad; budding; cd8; cell; cellular; cleavage; clinical; clomiphene; control; current; cycle; cytokine; cytotoxic; dependent; development; disease; dose; drug; dysregulation; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; ebov infection; effective; egress; endoplasmic; endosomal; endothelial; entry; epitopes; essential; exposure; factor; favipiravir; fever; filovirus; function; fusion; genome; glycoprotein; gp1,2; gp2; hemorrhagic; hepatitis; high; host; host cell; human; human ebov; humoral; ifitm1; ifn; immune; immunity; important; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibit; inhibitors; interferon; intravenous; late; lethal; like; load; macrophages; marburg; mechanisms; medications; membrane; mice; model; monoclonal; mutable; mutation; nac; natural; neutralizing; nhps; niemann; non; nonhuman; novel; npc1; oral; ouabain; outbreak; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pick; plasma; polymerase; post; potential; primates; prophylaxis; protection; proteins; receptor; recombinant; regimen; replication; response; reticulum; rna; role; ros; sgp; small; specific; spectrum; steps; studies; study; surface; survival; target; therapeutic; therapy; toremifene; transcription; treatment; type; vaccines; viral; virus; virus glycoprotein; virus infection; virus replication; viruses; vp24; vp30; vp35; vp40; west cache: cord-001542-f089bs8r.txt plain text: cord-001542-f089bs8r.txt item: #21 of 445 id: cord-001546-ndz3oarf author: Ayithan, Natarajan title: Virus-Like Particles Activate Type I Interferon Pathways to Facilitate Post-Exposure Protection against Ebola Virus Infection date: 2015-02-26 words: 5132 flesch: 47 summary: Lines of evidence support the critical importance of type I IFN signaling in providing resistance against EBOV infection; mice deficient in Stat1, a transcription factor required for IFN induction, or Ifnar1, encoding the membrane receptor for type I IFNs, are susceptible to wild type Zaire EBOV, against which wild type mice are resistant Mouse-adapted EBOV causes similar acute disease in mice, offering a useful animal model to study EBOV infection keywords: activation; activity; animals; anti; cells; cytokine; day; days; dcs; dependent; early; ebola; ebov; exposure; expression; factor; fig; higher; host; ifn; ifnar; ifns; ifnβ; immune; immunity; induction; infection; innate; interferon; irf8; isgs; levels; like; liver; macrophages; mice; model; mouse; mrna; negative; pathways; post; proinflammatory; protection; proteins; regulatory; replication; responses; results; role; signaling; spleen; study; transcription; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; virus; vlps; vp35; wild cache: cord-001546-ndz3oarf.txt plain text: cord-001546-ndz3oarf.txt item: #22 of 445 id: cord-001676-68y733y3 author: Shoemaker, Jason E. title: An Ultrasensitive Mechanism Regulates Influenza Virus-Induced Inflammation date: 2015-06-05 words: 10392 flesch: 40 summary: Surprisingly, when we plotted the N1 SDE for each isolate against the corresponding virus titer, we observed a consistent profile for all three viruses; regardless of intrinsic virulence, the fold change in N1 gene expression remained initially low and rapidly increased only after a virus titer of approximately~10 8 PFU/g (of lung) was reached (Fig 4A) . Following activation, N1 gene expression increased as a function of virus concentration at the same apparent rate for all infection conditions, and more complicated dynamics were observed only during the later phase of the infection when virus clearance was observed (i.e., when the virus titers began to decrease). keywords: activation; activity; additional; analysis; animals; annotation; associated; average; behavior; binding; biological; cell; change; clustering; condition; control; correlated; correlation; cytokine; data; david; different; discovery; dynamics; eigengene; enrichment; expression; false; fdr; fig; fit; fold; gene; gene expression; h1n1; h5n1; h5n1 virus; high; host; hpi; ifn; immune; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory response; influenza; influenza virus; innate; interferon; irf7; key; kme+; levels; like; linear; low; lung; mean; mechanism; mice; microarray; model; module; module eigengene; mouse; n1 module; network; observed; panel; pathogenic; pathway; peak; pfu; points; protein; rate; regulatory; response; results; samples; sde; segmented; set; signaling; signatures; significant; specific; stat1; studies; study; table; test; threshold; time; tissue; titer; toppcluster; total; transcription; transcripts; ultrasensitive; value; viral; virus; virus titer; viruses cache: cord-001676-68y733y3.txt plain text: cord-001676-68y733y3.txt item: #23 of 445 id: cord-001808-47496o0e author: Bayat, Ahmad title: Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in postherpetic neuralgia date: 2015-10-20 words: 4255 flesch: 45 summary: However, further inspection of the individual patients with anti-cytokine autoantibodies revealed that one PHN patient, #226, with high levels of anti-IL-6 autoantibodies was seronegative, having the lowest level of antibodies against VZV in the PHN patients (Fig. 2a) . key: cord-001808-47496o0e authors: Bayat, Ahmad; Burbelo, Peter D.; Browne, Sarah K.; Quinlivan, Mark; Martinez, Bianca; Holland, Steven M.; Buvanendran, Asokumar; Kroin, Jeffrey S.; Mannes, Andrew J.; Breuer, Judith; Cohen, Jeffrey I.; Iadarola, Michael J. title: Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in postherpetic neuralgia date: 2015-10-20 journal: J Transl Med DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0695-6 sha: doc_id: 1808 cord_uid: 47496o0e BACKGROUND: keywords: additional; antibody; associated; autoantibodies; autoantibody; autoantigens; autoimmune; cohort; complex; controls; csf; cytokine; cytokine autoantibodies; data; fig; group; healthy; herpes; high; human; humoral; ifn; il-6; immune; immunity; induced; infection; levels; lips; neuralgia; neutralizing; pain; patients; phn; phn patients; pilot; postherpetic; potential; presence; reactivation; research; responses; ro52; ro60; role; samples; serum; study; subjects; syndrome; testing; varicella; virus; vzv; zoster cache: cord-001808-47496o0e.txt plain text: cord-001808-47496o0e.txt item: #24 of 445 id: cord-001834-6xf4o3oy author: Sung, Pil Soo title: Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Lessons from Cell Culture Systems of HCV Infection date: 2015-10-07 words: 4046 flesch: 38 summary: In vitro tissue culture systems and therapeutic targets Hepatitis C virus envelope components alter localization of hepatocyte tight junction-associated proteins and promote occludin retention in the endoplasmic reticulum Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in primary cultures of human adult hepatocytes HepG2 cells mount an effective antiviral interferon-lambda based innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection Hepatitis C virus infection induces the beta interferon signaling pathway in immortalized human hepatocytes Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a growth and induction of autophagy Hepatitis C virus infection impairs IRF-7 translocation and Alpha interferon synthesis in immortalized human hepatocytes Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes support complete replication of hepatitis C virus Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells Productive hepatitis C virus infection of stem cell-derived hepatocytes reveals a critical transition to viral permissiveness during differentiation MicroRNA-27a modulates HCV infection in differentiated hepatocyte-like cells from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells MDA5 plays a critical role in interferon response during hepatitis C virus infection Control of temporal activation of hepatitis C virus-induced interferon response by domain 2 of nonstructural protein 5A Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus Immune responses to HCV and other hepatitis viruses EFTUD2 is a novel innate immune regulator restricting hepatitis C virus infection through the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Cleavage of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C correlates with a reduced activation of the endogenous interferon system Inhibition of intrahepatic gamma interferon production by hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A in transgenic mice Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-lambda and interferon-stimulated genes in primary liver cultures IL-29 is the dominant type III interferon produced by hepatocytes during acute hepatitis C virus infection HCV infection induces a unique hepatic innate immune response associated with robust production of type III interferons Interferons at age 50: Past, current and future impact on biomedicine IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex IL28B inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through the JAK-STAT pathway Interleukin-29 uses a type 1 interferon-like program to promote antiviral responses in human hepatocytes Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis C virus infection Stealth and cunning: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses Interferon-induced gene expression is a stronger predictor of treatment response than IL28B genotype in patients with hepatitis C Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C Simultaneous detection of hepatitis C virus and interferon stimulated gene expression in infected human liver Hepatitis C virus blocks interferon effector function by inducing protein kinase R phosphorylation Hepatitis C virus attenuates interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex class I expression and decreases CD8+ T cell effector functions IFNβ-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage Unphosphorylated STAT1 prolongs the expression of interferon-induced immune regulatory genes Roles of unphosphorylated ISGF3 in HCV infection and interferon responsiveness Hepatic gene expression discriminates responders and nonresponders in treatment of chronic hepatitis C viral infection Cell-type specific gene expression signature in liver underlies response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C infection Hepatic gene expression during treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin: Identifying molecular pathways for treatment response Hepatic ISG expression is associated with genetic variation in interleukin 28B and the outcome of IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C Protein ISGylation modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway Silencing of USP18 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon against hepatitis C virus infection interferon induces long-lasting refractoriness of JAK-STAT signaling in the mouse liver through induction of USP18/UBP43 Interferon-β and interferon-λ signaling is not affected by interferon-induced refractoriness to interferon-α in vivo A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus IFN-λ4: After the discovery of JFH-1-based HCVcc system, other HCV cell culture systems with various genotypes were established. keywords: antiviral; cells; chronic; class; culture; expression; gene; genotype; hcv; hcvcc; hepatic; hepatitis; hepatocytes; high; host; human; ifn; ifnl4; ifns; iii; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; irf9; isgf3; isgs; levels; liver; mechanism; mhc; models; mutations; new; particles; pathway; patients; production; protein; receptor; regulation; replication; response; rna; signaling; stat1; study; systems; treatment; virus cache: cord-001834-6xf4o3oy.txt plain text: cord-001834-6xf4o3oy.txt item: #25 of 445 id: cord-001848-idmj2d7p author: Onabajo, Olusegun O. title: Expression of Interferon Lambda 4 Is Associated with Reduced Proliferation and Increased Cell Death in Human Hepatic Cells date: 2015-11-01 words: 7310 flesch: 41 summary: Here, we further explored this question by performing additional functional analyses of IFN-l4 transiently and stably overexpressed in human hepatic cells-fresh primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells and PHHs were transfected for 24 or 48 h with corresponding constructs; HepG2 cells were transfected using Lipofectamine/LTX and Opti-MEM with standard protocols (Life Technologies), while PHHs were transfected using a nucleofection protocol optimized for primary cells (Lonza). keywords: activation; allele; analysis; antibody; antiviral; assays; biological; blocking; cell death; cells; chronic; clearance; constructs; control; corresponding; culture; custom; cxcl10; data; dead; death; effect; endogenous; expression; fig; fluorescence; genetic; gfp; halo; hcv; hepatic; hepatitis; hepg2; hepg2 cells; human; ifn; ifnl4; ifnlr1; igg; imaging; individuals; induced; induction; infection; interferon; isgs; isre; lambda; levels; line; liver; luc; media; mrna; msd; negative; olsson; p131; pcr; phhs; plates; prokunina; proliferation; protein; rabbit; reporter; response; role; rs12979860; rs368234815; samples; signaling; stable; supplementary; system; tag; technologies; transfection; transwell; treatment; untransfected; viability; virus cache: cord-001848-idmj2d7p.txt plain text: cord-001848-idmj2d7p.txt item: #26 of 445 id: cord-001868-utsvsja0 author: Uematsu, Takayuki title: Loss of CARD9-mediated innate activation attenuates severe influenza pneumonia without compromising host viral immunity date: 2015-12-02 words: 5010 flesch: 43 summary: The CLR dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), which has a cytoplasmic ITAM-like sequence, was shown to bind influenza virus A 23, 24 . A infection Identification of Oxidative Stress and Toll-like Receptor 4 Signaling as a Key Pathway of Acute Lung Injury CXCL10-CXCR3 Enhances the Development of Neutrophil-mediated Fulminant Lung Injury of Viral and Nonviral Origin The lipid mediator protectin D1 inhibits influenza virus replication and improves severe influenza Influenza-induced innate immunity: regulators of viral replication, respiratory tract pathology & adaptive immunity Role of host cellular proteases in the pathogenesis of influenza and influenza-induced multiple organ failure Molecular pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection and virus-induced regulation of cytokine gene expression Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A (H5N1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? Systemic cytokine responses in patients with influenza-associated encephalopathy Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity The adaptor protein CARD9 is essential for the activation of myeloid cells through ITAM-associated and Toll-like receptors CARD9 versus CARMA1 in innate and adaptive immunity Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1 beta production Rad50-CARD9 interactions link cytosolic DNA sensing to IL-1β production DC-SIGN and immunoregulation DC-SIGN mediates avian H5N1 influenza virus infection in cis and in trans Critical role of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-M in regulating chemokine-dependent deleterious inflammation in murine influenza pneumonia Innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection and vaccination Interferons, interferon-like cytokines, and their receptors The role of alpha/beta and gamma interferons in development of immunity to influenza A virus in mice Production of interferon-gamma by influenza hemagglutinin-specific CD8 effector T cells influences the development of pulmonary immunopathology keywords: activation; acute; analysis; anti; balf; card9; card9 deficiency; cdcs; cells; chemokine; clearance; clone; culture; cytokine; day; days; dcs; deficiency; development; dose; elisa; expression; fig; flt3l; host; human; ifn; ifv; il-6; immune; immunity; induction; infection; inflammatory; influenza; innate; interferon; itam; lethal; levels; lungs; macrophages; mice; mouse; myd88; pathogenesis; pathway; plates; pneumonia; pr8; production; receptors; recognition; response; results; rig; rna; role; severe; sign; signaling; specific; syk; tnf; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-001868-utsvsja0.txt plain text: cord-001868-utsvsja0.txt item: #27 of 445 id: cord-001901-2s6hpakk author: Kwok, Hoi-Hin title: Anti-inflammatory effects of indirubin derivatives on influenza A virus-infected human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells date: 2016-01-06 words: 3945 flesch: 35 summary: Perspectives on influenza evolution and the role of research Structure and assembly of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein complex Pathogenesis of influenza virus infections: the good, the bad and the ugly Innate immunity to influenza virus infection Detrimental contribution of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 to influenza A virus-induced acute pneumonia Efficient influenza A virus replication in the respiratory tract requires signals from TLR7 and RIG-I Characterization of conserved viral leader RNA sequences that stimulate innate immunity through TLRs Toll-like receptor 10 is involved in induction of innate immune responses to influenza virus infection Differential role of TLR-and RLR-signaling in the immune responses to influenza A virus infection and vaccination Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend or foe? Mitogen-activated protein kinases in innate immunity N-terminal kinases as potential therapeutic targets Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in primary human macrophages by influenza A virus (H5N1) is selectively regulated by IFN regulatory factor 3 and p38 MAPK Indirubin inhibits inflammatory reactions in delayed-type hypersensitivity Inhibition of RANTES expression by indirubin in influenza virus-infected human bronchial epithelial cells Amino acid residues 253 and 591 of the PB2 protein of avian influenza virus A H9N2 contribute to mammalian pathogenesis keywords: activation; acute; anti; antibody; antiviral; assay; cells; cytokines; derivatives; e231; e804; early; effects; endothelial; expression; fig; h.p.i; h5n1; h9n2; hpmecs; human; iav; ifn; il-6; immune; immunomodulatory; indirubin; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; inhibitors; innate; ip-10; jnk; kinase; lung; mapks; min; nuclear; p38; pathways; phosphorylation; potent; production; protein; pulmonary; rantes; results; rna; signaling; sirna; specific; stat3; studies; study; time; translocation; treatment; usa; viral; virus cache: cord-001901-2s6hpakk.txt plain text: cord-001901-2s6hpakk.txt item: #28 of 445 id: cord-001964-iy6qzq58 author: Muñoz-González, Sara title: Classical Swine Fever Virus vs. Classical Swine Fever Virus: The Superinfection Exclusion Phenomenon in Experimentally Infected Wild Boar date: 2016-02-26 words: 6947 flesch: 42 summary: Samples from animal 1 (Group A: Margarita acutely infected wild boar; 10 dpi), animal 5 (Group B: Cat01 persistently infected wild boar and superinfected with CSFV Margarita strain; 13 dpi), and a Pestivirus-free wild boar (animal 1 before infection), were used to assess SIE in PBMCs (Fig 1) . Furthermore, the samples analysed from superinfected animals (Group B: CSFV Catalonia 01 persistently infected inoculated with CSFV Margarita strain) only showed the sequence corresponding to the Cat01 strain [30] (Fig 4) . keywords: absence; acute; addition; analysed; animals; antibodies; antibody; assay; boars; cat01; cells; cellular; classical; clinical; collected; contrast; csfv; csfv margarita; csfv rna; data; detection; disease; dpi; exclusion; fever; fever virus; generic; group; group b; high; ifn; immune; infection; inoculation; interferon; level; load; margarita; margarita rna; margarita strain; mechanisms; pbmcs; pcr; persistent; pestivirus; phenomenon; pigs; positive; presence; previous; primary; protection; protein; qrt; real; replication; response; results; rna; samples; sequence; sera; serum; sie; signs; specific; strain; strain rna; studies; study; superinfected; superinfection; swine; swine fever; table; time; undetectable; vaccine; values; viral; virulent; virus; wild cache: cord-001964-iy6qzq58.txt plain text: cord-001964-iy6qzq58.txt item: #29 of 445 id: cord-002021-67ao8chx author: Kim, Seong Bum title: Blockage of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates Japanese encephalitis via enhancement of type I/II IFN innate and adaptive T-cell responses date: 2016-04-18 words: 12090 flesch: 44 summary: Therefore, in order to characterize the immunological parameters associated with control of JEV replication in IDO KO mice, we examined and compared NK cell responses in both BL/6 and IDO KO mice. Generation of BM chimeric mice and determination of serum IFN-β BL/6 mice (5 weeks old) and IDO KO mice were irradiated with one dose of 900 rads. keywords: ablated; ablation; activation; activity; adaptive; analysis; anti; antigen; antiviral; average; bl/6; bl/6 mice; bmdcs; brain; buffer; burden; cd11b; cd4; cd8; cells; clinical; cns; control; conventional; cortical; data; dcs; dioxygenase; dpi; early; encephalitis; enhanced; enhancement; expression; fig; foxp3; frequency; genes; host; ido; ido ablation; ido activity; ido expression; ido ko; ifn; immune; increased; indoleamine; induction; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammatory; inhibition; innate; isg; japanese; je progression; jev; jev infection; ko mice; leukocytes; levels; ly-6c; lymphoid; macrophages; mice; microglia; model; monocytes; myeloid; neuroinflammation; neurological; neuron; neurotropic; nile; number; pcr; pdcs; prepared; primary; production; progression; rapid; real; replication; resistance; responses; results; rna; role; signs; specific; spleen; th1; th17; time; tissues; tnf; total; type; usa; viral; virus; west; wild cache: cord-002021-67ao8chx.txt plain text: cord-002021-67ao8chx.txt item: #30 of 445 id: cord-002068-e071ciil author: Feng, Min title: Innate Immune Responses in ALV-J Infected Chicks and Chickens with Hemangioma In Vivo date: 2016-05-25 words: 3860 flesch: 45 summary: Avian leukosis virus subgroup J infection in the early stages resulted in a more than 20-fold up-regulation of ISG121 mRNA at 1 d.p.i. Method Replacement of primary chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF) by the DF-1 cell line for detection of avian leucosis viruses Defense genes missing from the flight division Development of immunocompetence of broiler chickens Host range of Rous sarcoma virus pseudotype RSV(HPRS-103) in 12 avian species: support for a new avian retrovirus envelope subgroup, designated In vitro and in vivo specificity of ubiquitination and degradation of STAT1 and STAT2 by the V proteins of the paramyxoviruses simian virus 5 and human parainfluenza virus type 2 Biology of interleukin-10 Development and application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for the detection of subgroup J avian leukosis virus RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Signaling Is Inhibited in HIV-1 Infection by a Protease-Mediated Sequestration of RIG-I IFN regulatory factor-1 bypasses IFN-mediated antiviral effects through viperin gene induction Epidemiological and pathological studies of subgroup J avian leukosis virus infections in Chinese local yellow chickens Unmasking immune sensing of retroviruses: interplay between innate sensors and host effectors Recombinant env-gp85 of HPRS-103 (subgroup J) avian leukosis virus: antigenic characteristics and usefulness as a diagnostic reagent Genetic variants in IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and the risk of CRC Involvement of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)-1 and IRF-2 in the formation and progression of human esophageal cancers Reduction of horizontal transmission of avian leukosis virus subgroup J in broiler breeder chickens hatched and reared in small groups An ALV-J isolate is responsible for spontaneous haemangiomas in layer chickens in China Upregulation of chicken TLR4, TLR15 and MyD88 in heterophils and monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with Eimeria tenella in vitro keywords: alv; antiviral; avian; chickens; chicks; china; clinical; control; cytokine; d.p.i; data; day; detection; early; expression; figure; genes; hn06; host; ifn; il-1β; il-6; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; irf1; isg12; kit; late; leukosis; levels; mda5; mrna; old; pcr; phase; primers; protein; regulation; related; response; samples; scau; significant; specific; spf; spleen; stat1; strain; study; subgroup; tumorigenesis; tumors; usa; virus; vivo; zc3hav1 cache: cord-002068-e071ciil.txt plain text: cord-002068-e071ciil.txt item: #31 of 445 id: cord-002079-jne14jqf author: MacParland, Sonya A. title: Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibit Interferon Signaling in Hepatocytes by Increasing Ubiquitin-Like Protease 18 (USP18) Expression date: 2016-05-27 words: 7212 flesch: 38 summary: We suspect that whereas increased TNF-␣ does contribute to USP18 expression, there are other stimuli, for example, LPS and perhaps the recently described interferon-lambda 4 (56) , that also modulate hepatic USP18 expression. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury led to an induction of USP18 expression in liver tissue and promotion of lymphocytic choriomeningitis replication. keywords: ability; activation; alpha; anti; cells; chronic; control; data; effect; expression; factor; fig; findings; forward; gene; hcv; hepatic; hepatitis; hepatocytes; hiri; huh7.5; ifn-; il-10; il-6; immune; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibitor; injury; innate; interferon; ischemia; isg15; isgs; kinase; knockdown; lcmv; liver; lps; mice; min; mouse; mrna; multiple; murine; mx1; primary; primer; protein; reperfusion; replication; response; reverse; role; signaling; silibinin; sirna; specific; stimulation; stimuli; study; target; therapy; time; tissue; tnf-; treatment; type; ube1l; usp18; usp18 expression; viral; virus; vivo cache: cord-002079-jne14jqf.txt plain text: cord-002079-jne14jqf.txt item: #32 of 445 id: cord-002201-pnw5ytj4 author: Corredor, Juan C title: N-Myc expression enhances the oncolytic effects of vesicular stomatitis virus in human neuroblastoma cells date: 2016-03-16 words: 7393 flesch: 43 summary: Microarray analysis showed that N-myc overexpression in TET-21N cells downregulated IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with known antiviral functions. Furthermore, virus infection caused significant changes in global gene expression in TET-21N cells overexpressing N-myc. keywords: activation; amplification; analysis; antiviral; assays; cancer; cells; changes; chop; culture; data; ddit-3; differential; disease; dox; doxycycline; effects; exogenous; expression; extracellular; figure; functions; gene; high; high n; hours; hpi; human; ifn; infected; infection; interferon; isgf-3; isgs; jak; killing; known; levels; lines; low; low n; media; medium; microarray; moi; myc; myc expression; neuroblastoma; non; oncolytic; overexpression; ovs; pathway; points; poly; protein; replication; response; rig; risk; rna; role; signaling; significant; state; status; studies; study; supernatants; susceptibility; system; tet-21n; time; treatment; tumor; type; virotherapy; virus; viruses; vsvδm51 cache: cord-002201-pnw5ytj4.txt plain text: cord-002201-pnw5ytj4.txt item: #33 of 445 id: cord-002238-fyztb8d9 author: Young, D. F. title: Human IFIT1 Inhibits mRNA Translation of Rubulaviruses but Not Other Members of the Paramyxoviridae Family date: 2016-09-29 words: 7748 flesch: 42 summary: However, IFN pretreatment had no discernible effect on the expression of the NP protein of PIV3 or on the expression of host cell proteins. Increasing concentrations of IFIT1 had no obvious effect on the efficiency of translation of host cell proteins, but in striking contrast, purified IFIT1 selectively inhibited the translation of the NP and M proteins of PIV5 in a concentration-dependent manner. keywords: 2=-o; a549; a549 cells; ability; absence; action; activity; addition; antiviral; buffer; cap; cdv; cells; cellular; cmtr1; contrast; differences; different; disease; enders; experiments; expression; family; fig; group; host; human; ifit1; ifn; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interferon; lanes; luciferase; manner; mechanisms; members; methylation; methyltransferase; mrna; muv; npro; parainfluenza; paramyxoviruses; piv2; piv3; piv5; plaques; polymerase; presence; protein; purified; replication; resistant; response; results; ribose; rngtt; rnmt; rubulaviruses; sensitive; sensitivity; sev; shifit1; shifit1 cells; state; strain; structural; synthesis; system; translation; type; virus cache: cord-002238-fyztb8d9.txt plain text: cord-002238-fyztb8d9.txt item: #34 of 445 id: cord-002248-92pzqj35 author: Terasaki, Kaori title: Mechanistic Insight into the Host Transcription Inhibition Function of Rift Valley Fever Virus NSs and Its Importance in Virulence date: 2016-10-06 words: 8551 flesch: 48 summary: (TIF) Breaking the chain: Rift Valley fever virus control via livestock vaccination The Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever NSm and 78-kilodalton proteins of Rift Valley fever virus are nonessential for viral replication in cell culture Deletion of the NSm virulence gene of Rift Valley fever virus inhibits virus replication in and dissemination from the midgut of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes The Rift Valley fever accessory proteins NSm and P78/NSm-GN are distinct determinants of virus propagation in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts NSm protein of Rift Valley fever virus suppresses virusinduced apoptosis The C-terminal region of Rift Valley fever virus NSm protein targets the protein to the mitochondrial outer membrane and exerts antiapoptotic function Recent advances in the molecular and cellular biology of bunyaviruses The Rift Valley fever virus nonstructural protein NSs is phosphorylated at serine residues located in casein kinase II consensus motifs in the carboxy-terminus The carboxy-terminal acidic domain of Rift Valley Fever virus NSs protein is essential for the formation of filamentous structures but not for the nuclear localization of the protein A SAP30 complex inhibits IFNbeta expression in Rift Valley fever virus infected cells TFIIH transcription factor, a target for the Rift Valley hemorrhagic fever virus NSs protein of rift valley fever virus promotes posttranslational downregulation of the TFIIH subunit p62 Virulence factor NSs of rift valley fever virus recruits the F-box protein FBXO3 to degrade subunit p62 of general transcription factor TFIIH Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein promotes post-transcriptional downregulation of protein kinase PKR and inhibits eIF2alpha phosphorylation NSs protein of rift valley fever virus induces the specific degradation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase Protein Kinase R Degradation Is Essential for Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection and Is Regulated by SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) FBXW11-NSs E3 Ligase NSs virulence factor of Rift Valley fever virus engages the F-box proteins FBXW11 and beta-TRCP1 to degrade the antiviral protein kinase PKR Reactive oxygen species activate NFkappaB (p65) and p53 and induce apoptosis in RVFV infected liver cells Induction of DNA damage signaling upon Rift Valley fever virus infection results in cell cycle arrest and increased viral replication p53 Activation following Rift Valley fever virus infection contributes to cell death and viral production Nonstructural NSs protein of rift valley fever virus interacts with pericentromeric DNA sequences of the host cell, inducing chromosome cohesion and segregation defects Functional analysis of Rift Valley fever virus NSs encoding a partial truncation Rescue of infectious rift valley fever virus entirely from cDNA, analysis of virus lacking the NSs gene, and expression of a foreign gene Generation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) from cDNA: BRSV NS2 is not essential for virus replication in tissue culture, and the human RSV leader region acts as a functional BRSV genome promoter Mutagen-directed attenuation of Rift Valley fever virus as a method for vaccine development NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Rift valley fever virus nonstructural protein NSs promotes viral RNA replication and transcription in a minigenome system Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 suppresses host gene expression, including that of type I interferon, in infected cells Mechanism of tripartite RNA genome packaging in Rift Valley fever virus Characterization of clone 13, a naturally attenuated avirulent isolate of Rift Valley fever virus, which is altered in the small segment A ΩXaV motif in the Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and virulence Recombinant Rift Valley fever vaccines induce protective levels of antibody in baboons and resistance to lethal challenge in mice Interplay between the Virus and Host in Rift Valley Fever Pathogenesis Host alternation is necessary to maintain the genome stability of rift valley fever virus We thank Robert Tesh for anti-MP12 antibody; Paul Gottlieb for the monoclonal antibody H2K k D k ; Mark Griffin (Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core, The University of Texas Medical Branch) for support with the flow cytometry analyses; and Krishna Narayanan for critical reading of the manuscript. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the genus Phlebovirus within the family Bunyaviridae, causes periodic outbreaks in livestocks and humans in countries of the African continent and Middle East. keywords: 5eu; ability; accumulation; activity; analysis; anti; antibody; attenuated; biological; buffer; cells; complex; cytotoxicity; d100; data; degradation; factor; fever; fig; flag; function; general; general transcription; host; ifn; important; infected; infected cells; infection; inhibition; interaction; levels; lower; m250k; major; mice; min; mock; monoclonal; mouse; mp-12; mp-12δnss; mrna; mutant; mutation; nss; nss protein; p.i; p44; p53; p62; passage; pkr; plaque; promoter; protein; r16h; rabbit; replication; results; rift; rna; rvfv; sap30; similar; strain; subunit; suppression; synthesis; tag; tfiih; transcription; transcription inhibition; valley; vero; viral; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-002248-92pzqj35.txt plain text: cord-002248-92pzqj35.txt item: #35 of 445 id: cord-002630-5616n73p author: Dargahi, Narges title: Multiple Sclerosis: Immunopathology and Treatment Update date: 2017-07-07 words: 11338 flesch: 44 summary: The white matter lesions include myelin breakdown together with infiltration of monocytes, B cells, T cells and DC MAIT cells are a subset of T cells of the innate immune system to defend against microbial infections. keywords: acetate; activation; active; activity; addition; agonist; alpha; altered; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigens; autoimmune; b cells; basic; blood; brain; cancer; cd4; cd8; cells; chronic; class; clear; clinical; cns; complex; cyclic; cytokines; development; disability; disease; double; drugs; eae; early; effective; effects; efficacy; encephalomyelitis; experimental; fact; fda; fingolimod; function; gamma; glatiramer; high; hla; human; ifn; iii; il-10; il-27; il-4; immune; inflammation; inflammatory; inkt; inkt cells; interferon; invariant; lesions; levels; ligands; like; long; low; macrophages; mait; mannan; mbp; mhc; mice; microglia; mitoxantrone; model; mog; monoclonal; mri; multiple; multiple sclerosis; myelin; natalizumab; new; non; number; ofatumumab; oral; pathogenesis; patients; peptide; phase; phenotype; placebo; present; progression; properties; protein; randomized; receptor; reduced; regulatory; relapse; responses; results; role; rrms; sclerosis; secrete; study; system; t cells; teriflunomide; term; th1; th17; th2; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; tnf; treatment; treg; trial; type; use; years cache: cord-002630-5616n73p.txt plain text: cord-002630-5616n73p.txt item: #36 of 445 id: cord-002670-rjrw875d author: Chen, Jidang title: Immunosuppression by viral N proteins date: 2017-06-22 words: 796 flesch: 40 summary: Immune stimulatory dsRNA generated during virus replication is important for RIG-I recognition and subsequently mediating type-I IFN production. We have shown that recombinant arenaviruses carrying NP RNase-defective mutations induce strong IFN responses to inhibit virus replication early in infection in vivo through the activation of the RIG-I pathway keywords: arenaviruses; cov; domain; dsrna; exoribonuclease; ifn; important; production; protein; recognition; replication; rig; trim25; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-002670-rjrw875d.txt plain text: cord-002670-rjrw875d.txt item: #37 of 445 id: cord-002844-jv42o789 author: Marcos-Villar, Laura title: Epigenetic control of influenza virus: role of H3K79 methylation in interferon-induced antiviral response date: 2018-01-19 words: 6096 flesch: 35 summary: DNA methylation was unaltered, while we found a general decrease on histone acetylation, which correlates with transcriptional inactivation and may cooperate with the impairment of cellular transcription that causes influenza virus infection. To identify epigenetic changes induced by influenza virus infection in the cell transcription machinery, we first analyzed DNA methylation levels. keywords: a549; accumulation; acetylation; activation; addition; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; blot; cells; changes; chromatin; colorimetric; complex; control; data; decrease; degradation; detection; distribution; dna; dot1l; dot1l inhibitor; effect; epigenetic; epz; expression; fig; gene; general; genome; h3k79; h3k79 methylation; h3k79me2; high; histone; host; human; ifn; ifnβ; increase; induced; infected; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibitor; interferon; isg56; levels; lysine; m.o.i; mdck; methylated; methylation; modifications; mx1; npro; nuclear; polymerase; post; pr8hv; production; protein; regulation; replication; residues; respiratory; response; results; rna; role; rsv; signaling; silencers; specific; strain; system; transcription; translocation; treatment; type; viral; virus; virus infection; vsv; western cache: cord-002844-jv42o789.txt plain text: cord-002844-jv42o789.txt item: #38 of 445 id: cord-002937-7xauocti author: Huang, Chung-Guei title: A pilot study on primary cultures of human respiratory tract epithelial cells to predict patients’ responses to H7N9 infection date: 2018-02-20 words: 6274 flesch: 43 summary: Compared with H7N9 virus infections, young age (≤ 29 years) and female sex were identified as risk factors for severe H1N1pdm infection [15] . In the present study, our objectives were to discover whether viral replication and cytokine responses of NHBE cells from two donors of different ages are distinct after H7N9 and H1N1pdm virus infection, and to validate whether these changes are different after H7N9 virus infection using primary epithelial cells from the respiratory tracts of 27 donors with various patient-related characteristics. keywords: a(h7n9; adjustment; age; aged; airway; analysis; anatomical; associated; avian; bio; bronchial; cells; changes; characteristics; china; clinical; comorbidities; core; culture; cytokine; different; disease; donors; epithelial; epithelial cells; factors; figure; h7n9; h7n9 virus; higher; host; human; ifn; il-1β; il-6; il-8; infection; influenza; ip-10; levels; location; lower; medical; min; model; nhbe; novel; obesity; old; origin; p.i; patients; pbs; primary; quantities; related; replication; respiratory; response; rna; severe; sex; study; table; time; tissue; tnf; tract; upper; usa; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-002937-7xauocti.txt plain text: cord-002937-7xauocti.txt item: #39 of 445 id: cord-003130-p2h8p5bm author: Lindqvist, Richard title: Tick-Borne Flaviviruses and the Type I Interferon Response date: 2018-06-21 words: 8362 flesch: 43 summary: Furthermore RNA-seq and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that when challenged by TBEV infection, tick cells upregulated genes involved in immunity and metabolism, whereas genes involved in cellular stress were downregulated [94] . Using gene silencing approaches, this study confirmed the antiviral effect of Ago 30 and Dcr 90 in tick cells. keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; associated; astrocytes; brain; cases; cells; cellular; cycle; degradation; dengue; dependent; different; disease; domain; eastern; effect; encephalitis; encephalitis virus; entry; europe; expression; factors; family; fever; figure; flavivirus; forest; genes; hemorrhagic; high; host; human; ifn; ifnar; ill; immune; immunity; important; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inhibited; initial; innate; interactions; interferon; ips-1; isgs; ixodes; kfdv; kyasanur; lgtv; life; like; liv; louping; maturation; mechanism; membrane; mice; milk; mosquito; natural; neurological; neurons; non; ns3; ns5; ohfv; pathogen; pathogenesis; pathway; phase; powassan; powv; primary; prm; protein; radical; receptor; recognition; replication; response; review; rig; rna; rnai; role; sam; sheep; signaling; single; specific; stranded; structural; studies; symptoms; target; tbev; tbfvs; tick; tlr3; toll; transmission; type; viperin; viral; viremia; virus; viruses; west cache: cord-003130-p2h8p5bm.txt plain text: cord-003130-p2h8p5bm.txt item: #40 of 445 id: cord-003239-nph2ezii author: Zhu, Zixiang title: Early Growth Response Gene-1 Suppresses Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication by Enhancing Type I Interferon Pathway Signal Transduction date: 2018-09-27 words: 6102 flesch: 47 summary: In addition, the SeV-induced ISGs expression was impaired in EGR1 knockdown cells. SeV-induced ISGs expression was impaired in EGR1 knockdown cells, which may serve as a link between upregulation of EGR1 and type I IFN signaling. keywords: activation; activity; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assay; bet; cells; control; disease; domain; early; egr1; enhanced; et al; expression; factor; figure; fmdv; fmdv infection; foot; function; gene; growth; hek293; higher; host; hpi; ifn; infected; infection; innate; isg15; isgs; knockdown; levels; luciferase; mock; mouth; mutant; myc; overexpression; p53; pathway; phosphorylation; pk-15; plasmids; protein; qpcr; replication; reporter; response; rig; role; sap; sev; signaling; significant; sirna; sirna-1819; study; tbk1; transcription; type; upregulation; vector; viral; virus; vp1; wildtype cache: cord-003239-nph2ezii.txt plain text: cord-003239-nph2ezii.txt item: #41 of 445 id: cord-003261-fz8ucwwm author: Freundt, Eric C. title: Innate Immune Detection of Cardioviruses and Viral Disruption of Interferon Signaling date: 2018-10-12 words: 7907 flesch: 36 summary: I interferon RNase L mediates the antiviral effect of interferon through a selective reduction in viral RNA during encephalomyocarditis virus infection An analysis by metabolic labelling of the encephalomyocarditis virus ribosomal frameshifting efficiency and stimulators Ribosomal frameshifting into an overlapping gene in the 2B-encoding region of the cardiovirus genome PACT facilitates RNA-induced activation of MDA5 by promoting MDA5 oligomerization Differential effects of SUMO1 and SUMO3 on PKR activation and stability Small self-RNA generated by RNase L amplifies antiviral innate immunity RNase L inhibitor is induced during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and down regulates the 2-5A/RNase L pathway in human T cells RNA sensor-induced type I IFN prevents diabetes caused by a beta cell-tropic virus in mice PACT is required for MDA5-mediated immunoresponses triggered by Cardiovirus infection via interaction with LGP2 Protein-directed ribosomal frameshifting temporally regulates gene expression SIDT2 transports extracellular dsRNA into the cytoplasm for innate immune recognition Critical role of an antiviral stress granule containing RIG-I and PKR in viral detection and innate immunity Accessory factors of cytoplasmic viral RNA sensors required for antiviral innate immune response Pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection in piglets during the viraemia phase: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study TAR RNA-binding protein is an inhibitor of the interferon-induced protein kinase PKR PACT, a protein activator of the interferoninduced protein kinase, PKR Autophagy and mammalian viruses: roles in immune response, viral replication, and beyond Translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA in vitro yields an active proteolytic processing enzyme Binding interactions between the encephalomyocarditis virus leader and protein 2A Abortively infected astrocytes appear to represent the main source of interferon beta in the virus-infected brain PKR transduces MDA5-dependent signals for type I IFN induction RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-phosphates Activation of MDA5 requires higher-order RNA structures generated during virus infection Who regulates whom? This RNA sequence from L was also shown to be a potent activator of MDA5 in the absence of virus infection (Deddouche et al., 2014) . keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; binding; cardioviruses; cells; cellular; complex; control; deficient; dependent; detection; dhx29; disease; domain; dsrna; emcv; encephalomyocarditis; essential; et al; expression; figure; formation; functions; gene; genome; granule; host; ifn; immune; important; induced; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interferon; kinase; leader; lgp2; like; likely; mavs; mda5; mengo; mice; molecules; myd88; nuclear; nucleocytoplasmic; nucleus; pact; pathway; phosphorylation; picornavirus; pkr; production; protease; protein; recent; recognition; replication; response; rig; rna; rnase; rnase l; role; signaling; stress; study; theiler; tlr3; tmev; trafficking; translation; trbp; trif; type; viral; virus; vivo; wild cache: cord-003261-fz8ucwwm.txt plain text: cord-003261-fz8ucwwm.txt item: #42 of 445 id: cord-003300-994731g9 author: Wuerth, Jennifer Deborah title: NSs Protein of Sandfly Fever Sicilian Phlebovirus Counteracts Interferon (IFN) Induction by Masking the DNA-Binding Domain of IFN Regulatory Factor 3 date: 2018-11-12 words: 8549 flesch: 39 summary: I interferon antagonist An atomic model of the interferon-beta enhanceosome Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/ p300 Viral immune modulators perturb the human molecular network by common and unique strategies Structural and functional analysis of interferon regulatory factor 3: localization of the transactivation and autoinhibitory domains Virus-dependent phosphorylation of the IRF-3 transcription factor regulates nuclear translocation, transactivation potential, and proteasome-mediated degradation Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enhancer in vivo Interferon regulatory factor 3 and CREB-binding protein/p300 are subunits of double-stranded RNAactivated transcription factor DRAF1 X-ray crystal structure of IRF-3 and its functional implications Structure of IRF-3 bound to the PRDIII-I regulatory element of the human interferon-beta enhancer Regulated nuclear-cytoplasmic localization of interferon regulatory factor 3, a subunit of double-stranded RNA-activated factor 1 Bipartite nuclear localization signal controls nuclear import and DNA-binding activity of IFN regulatory factor 3 IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense Roles of interferon-regulatory factors in T-helper-cell differentiation Crystal structure of IRF-3 reveals mechanism of autoinhibition and virus-induced phosphoactivation Crystal structure of IRF-3 in complex with CBP IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses Revisiting the role of IRF3 in inflammation and immunity by conditional and specifically targeted gene ablation in mice Human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein binds to interferon regulatory factor-3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity Inhibition of interferon regulatory factor 3 activation by paramyxovirus V protein Herpes simplex virus 1-encoded tegument protein VP16 abrogates the production of beta interferon (IFN) by inhibiting NF-kappa B activation and blocking IFN regulatory factor 3 to recruit its coactivator CBP Rotavirus nonstructural protein 1 subverts innate immune response by inducing degradation of IFN regulatory factor 3 HSV-2 immediate-early protein US1 inhibits IFN-beta production by suppressing association of IRF-3 with IFN-beta promoter Human bocavirus NP1 inhibits IFN-beta production by blocking association of IFN regulatory factor 3 with IFNB promoter Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen inhibits interferon (IFN) beta expression by competing with IFN regulatory factor-3 for binding to IFNB promoter Binding of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K-bZIP to interferon-responsive factor 3 elements modulates antiviral gene expression Inhibition of beta interferon transcription by noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus is through an interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent mechanism The NPro product of bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits DNA binding by interferon regulatory factor 3 and targets it for proteasomal degradation Truncation of the C-terminal region of Toscana virus NSs protein is critical for interferon-beta antagonism and protein stability Differential antagonism of human innate immune responses by tickborne phlebovirus nonstructural proteins Generation of mutant Uukuniemi viruses lacking the nonstructural protein NSs by reverse genetics indicates that NSs is a weak interferon antagonist Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: recent progress and open questions Pathogenesis of a phleboviral infection (Punta Toro virus) in Golden Syrian hamsters Attenuation of pathogenic Rift Valley fever virus strain through the chimeric S-segment encoding sandfly fever phlebovirus NSs or a dominant-negative PKR Toscana virus induces interferon although its NSs protein reveals antagonistic activity T7 RNA polymerasedependent and -independent systems for cDNA-based rescue of Rift Valley fever virus Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I-and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction The Ebola virus VP35 protein inhibits activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 Rapid detection of important human pathogenic phleboviruses Interferon priming enables cells to partially overturn the SARS coronavirus-induced block in innate immune activation High-throughput assay for determining specificity and affinity of protein-DNA binding interactions E3 ligase Toscana virus NSs protein promotes degradation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase The S segment of Punta Toro virus (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) is a major determinant of lethality in the Syrian hamster and codes for a type keywords: 3ϫflag; a549; activation; activity; analysis; antiviral; assay; beads; beta; binding; buffer; cells; constructs; contrast; control; data; dbd; degradation; dependent; dimerization; disease; dna; domain; egfp; expression; factor; family; fever; fever virus; fig; firefly; fold; gene; genome; genus; hek293; high; host; human; ifn; ifn induction; ifnb; immunoprecipitation; induction; infected; infection; inhibits; interaction; interferon; irf3; irf7; kinase; known; levels; like; liter; luciferase; manner; mavs; means; mechanism; members; molecular; nss; nss protein; nuclear; pathogenic; phleboviruses; phosphorylation; pkr; plasmid; pool; promoter; protein; ptv; recombinant; region; regulatory; renilla; reporter; residues; response; rift; rig; rvfv; sandfly; sandfly fever; segment; sfsv; sfsv nss; sicilian; sirna; specific; specificity; strain; system; target; tbk1; terminal; toscana; tosv; transcription; type; upregulation; valley; virulence; virulent; virus; δmx cache: cord-003300-994731g9.txt plain text: cord-003300-994731g9.txt item: #43 of 445 id: cord-003315-r1wkx0ml author: Jacobs, Sophie title: Species Specificity of Type III Interferon Activity and Development of a Sensitive Luciferase-Based Bioassay for Quantitation of Mouse Interferon-λ date: 2018-11-01 words: 6248 flesch: 52 summary: Species specificity index was calculated as the ratio between the relative antiviral activity on cells of homologous to nonhomologous species (eg, for mouse IFN: relative activity in mouse cells/relative activity in human cells). IFN activity was measured in Fawa-l-luc cells for IFN concentrations that yielded equivalent luciferase activities (20,000 RLU) before UV treatment (250 pg/mL mIFN-l2 and mIFN-l3, 125 pg/mL human IFN-l1, 10 ng/mL huIFN-l2, 500 pg/mL huIFN-l3, and 62.5 pg/mL huIFN-l4). keywords: 5¢-aaa; a549; acid; activity; amino; analysis; antiviral; assay; balf; belgium; bioassay; biological; cac; cells; cloned; concentration; control; cross; days; detection; difference; diluted; dilutions; elisa; epithelial; expression; fawa; fig; firefly; fold; gene; higher; human; human cells; human ifn; ifn; ifnar2; ifnlr1; ifns; iii; infected; infection; interferon; l2/3; lambda; line; lkr10; luc; luciferase; mcherry; mice; mifn; mock; mouse; mouse cells; mouse ifn; orf; pcdna3; pfu; plates; receptor; recombinant; reduction; relative; reporter; residues; rsv; samples; sensitive; sensitivity; sequences; serum; similar; species; specificity; stat1; subtypes; test; treatment; type; vector; virus; xbai cache: cord-003315-r1wkx0ml.txt plain text: cord-003315-r1wkx0ml.txt item: #44 of 445 id: cord-003382-v3w1wi5c author: Rahmatpanah, Farah title: Airway epithelial cells prime plasmacytoid dendritic cells to respond to pathogens via secretion of growth factors date: 2018-10-02 words: 5552 flesch: 51 summary: We applied this kit to isolate RNA from PDCs cells since the numbers of cells were small. RNA isolation from PDCs Total RNA was isolated from cultured PDC cells from four individuals using FFPE RNA/DNA purification plus kit (Cat # 54300, Norgen Biotek Corp) with minor modifications. keywords: activation; airway; ali; analysis; antibodies; capacity; cd4; cells; changes; cocktail; control; costimulatory; cultured; cytokines; data; dendritic; differentiated; effect; enhanced; epithelial; expression; factors; fig; functions; genes; gmcsf; growth; human; ifn; ifns; immune; increased; infections; inflammatory; influenza; interferon; isg15; kit; levels; lung; medium; molecules; pathway; pbecs; pdcs; plasmacytoid; production; purified; quality; reads; receptor; respiratory; response; rna; role; secretion; seq; signaling; significant; specific; stimulated; tnf; type; upregulated; vegf cache: cord-003382-v3w1wi5c.txt plain text: cord-003382-v3w1wi5c.txt item: #45 of 445 id: cord-003492-rodqdtfj author: Montaner-Tarbes, Sergio title: Key Gaps in the Knowledge of the Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) date: 2019-02-20 words: 9582 flesch: 17 summary: In vitro comparisons with pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMS) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus utilizes nanotubes for intercellular spread Effect of malaria on HIV/AIDS transmission and progression Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are induced by HIV-infection of macrophages: a potential mechanism for intercellular HIV trafficking Tunneling nanotubes as a novel route of cell-to-cell spread of herpesviruses Innate and adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arterivirus molecular biology and pathogenesis Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses Production of type I interferons: plasmacytoid dendritic cells and beyond Immune responses in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Differential production of proinflammatory cytokines in the pig lung during different respiratory virus infections: Correlations with pathogenicity In vivo and in vitro interferon (IFN) studies with the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Interferon type I response in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected MARC-145 cells Modulation of innate immune signaling by nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in the family Arteriviridae Interplay between interferonmediated innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Modulation of host cell responses and evasion strategies for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein modulates interferon-β production by inhibiting IRF3 activation in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages The PRRSV replicase: exploring the multifunctionality of an intriguing set of nonstructural proteins Open reading frame 1a-encoded subunits of the arterivirus replicase induce endoplasmic reticulumderived double-membrane vesicles which carry the viral replication complex Porcine alveolar macrophage polarization is involved in inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) topology and selective isoform integration in artificial membranes The cysteine protease domain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 possesses deubiquitinating and interferon antagonism functions Immunodominant epitopes in nsp2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are dispensable for replication, but play an important role in modulation of the host immune response Nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) promotes PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells Nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus suppresses both MAVS and RIG-I expression as one of the mechanisms to antagonize type i For example, in respiratory syncytial virus infection, EVs are released with a selected modified cargo when compared with uninfected epithelial cells. keywords: activation; alveolar; antibodies; antibody; antigen; arterivirus; biology; box; capable; cd163; cells; challenge; complex; control; cytotoxicity; dendritic; dependent; development; different; difficult; disease; domain; early; economic; effect; enormous; entry; evasion; evs; exosomes; expression; extracellular; failure; figure; function; gap; gene; genetic; genome; genotype; gp4; gp5; high; host; ifn; il-10; immune; immune response; immunity; impact; important; induction; infected; infection; innate; interactions; interferon; key; knowledge; like; macrophages; mature; mechanisms; membrane; modulation; natural; neutralizing; new; non; nonstructural; novel; nsp1; nsp2; nuclear; particles; pigs; porcine; porcine reproductive; possible; presence; production; protective; proteins; prrsv; prrsv-2; receptor; region; replication; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; rna; role; signaling; specific; spread; strains; strategies; structural; studies; swine; syndrome; syndrome virus; system; transcription; transfer; tregs; type; vaccination; vaccine; vesicles; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-003492-rodqdtfj.txt plain text: cord-003492-rodqdtfj.txt item: #46 of 445 id: cord-003514-yyzbv7ys author: Arslan, Mehboob title: Dynamic Expression of Interferon Lambda Regulated Genes in Primary Fibroblasts and Immune Organs of the Chicken date: 2019-02-14 words: 6092 flesch: 40 summary: The antiviral effector IFITM3 disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis to block viral entry Marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: Array analysis of chicken immune response gene expression profiling Cloning, expression and functional characterization of chicken CCR6 and its ligand CCL20 Unique chemotactic response profile and specific expression of chemokine receptors CCR4 and CCR8 by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells Identification, mapping, and phylogenetic analysis of three novel chicken CC chemokines Unique features of chicken Toll-like receptors Expression of the avian-specific toll-like receptor 15 in chicken heterophils is mediated by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but not TLR agonists Diacylated lipopeptide from Mycoplasma synoviae mediates TLR15 induced innate immune responses IFN-λ: A new spotlight in innate immunity against influenza virus infection Differential responses of innate immunity triggered by different subtypes of influenza a viruses in human and avian hosts Type III interferon gene expression in response to influenza virus infection in chicken and duck embryonic fibroblasts Distinct roles of type I and type III interferons in intestinal immunity to homologous and heterologous rotavirus infections Interferon-λ and interleukin 22 act synergistically for the induction of interferon-stimulated genes and control of rotavirus infection Interferons and viral infections Innate immune sensing of DNA viruses Neuronal activity-dependent local activation of dendritic unfolded protein response promotes expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cell soma Considering their vital role in immune pathways, cytokine gene expression is widely employed as an indicator for the immune response. keywords: active; analysis; antiviral; assay; avian; bevs; biological; bm5; broad; bursa; cascade; ccl5; cef; cefs; cells; cellular; chicken; chifn; control; cytokine; data; days; degs; distinct; epithelial; expression; fabricious; fibroblasts; figure; genes; group; human; ifns; iii; il1b; immune; immunity; industry; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interferon; involved; isgs; lambda; like; luciferase; molecular; novel; order; organs; pathogens; pathway; post; potential; poultry; present; primary; protein; receptor; recombinant; response; rna; role; samples; seq; signaling; significant; silkworm; state; study; supplementary; system; terms; thymus; transfection; treatment; type; upregulation; vector; virus; vivo cache: cord-003514-yyzbv7ys.txt plain text: cord-003514-yyzbv7ys.txt item: #47 of 445 id: cord-003614-63rzzos3 author: Klotz, Daniela title: Interferon-Stimulated Genes—Mediators of the Innate Immune Response during Canine Distemper Virus Infection date: 2019-04-01 words: 8088 flesch: 33 summary: STAT1 protein expression was increased at all stages of CDV-induced leukoencephalitis (group 2: p = 0.003; This difference explains the detection of less prominent changes in STAT2 compared to STAT1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. keywords: + +; activated; activation; analysis; anti; antigen; antiviral; astrocytes; canine; cdv; cells; cerebellar; change; chronic; class; cns; constitutive; control; data; demyelination; dependent; disease; distemper; dogs; double; endothelial; expression; factor; fold; genes; germany; glial; goat; group; ifn; immune; immunity; increase; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; irf1; irf3; irf7; isg15; jak; kinase; lesions; leukoencephalitis; low; macrophages; matter; members; mice; microarray; microglia; negative; neurons; non; oas; oligodendrocytes; pathway; perivascular; pkr; positive; present; protein; protein expression; rabbit; receptors; regulation; regulatory; replication; response; rna; rnase; role; sections; signaling; significant; stages; staining; stat1; strong; studies; study; subacute; system; table; tissue; transcription; type; viral; virus; white cache: cord-003614-63rzzos3.txt plain text: cord-003614-63rzzos3.txt item: #48 of 445 id: cord-003855-so8xl199 author: Ebert, Gregor title: Virology Downunder, a meeting commentary from the 2019 Lorne Infection and Immunity Conference, Australia date: 2019-09-02 words: 1901 flesch: 31 summary: The 'Infection and Inflammation' session of the meeting was opened with a well-received presentation by Linfa Wang (Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore) entitled 'Holy immune balance, batman', about the highly adapted immune response of bats to viral infections. During their evolutionary adaption to effective flight, bats not only developed elevated levels of basal alertness reflected in increased metabolic heart rate and body temperature, they also seem to have evolved a highly adapted immune defense against viral infections [3] . keywords: activation; antiviral; australia; bats; cells; colleagues; conference; dampened; dendritic; effective; humans; ifn; immune; immunity; implications; infection; innate; interferon; key; lorne; meeting; neurons; novel; pathogenesis; rabies; rabv; research; response; type; university; varicella; viral; virology; virus; viruses; vzv; zikv; zoster cache: cord-003855-so8xl199.txt plain text: cord-003855-so8xl199.txt item: #49 of 445 id: cord-004334-y1fcw1dj author: Kalodimou, Georgia title: A Soluble Version of Nipah Virus Glycoprotein G Delivered by Vaccinia Virus MVA Activates Specific CD8 and CD4 T Cells in Mice date: 2019-12-24 words: 8898 flesch: 44 summary: So far, relatively little is known about the role of T cell responses and the antigenic targets of NiV-G that are recognized by CD8 T cells. IFNAR−/− mice on a C57BL/6 background (MHC I = H2-Db/H2-Kb (H2-b) and MHC II = H2-IAb) were immunized twice with the MVA-NiVsG candidate vaccine via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route, and splenocytes were prepared 8 days after the final inoculation, CD4 and CD8 T cells were purified and restimulated with overlapping 15mer peptides corresponding to the NiV-G protein. keywords: 15mer; acid; activation; aldrich; amino; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; background; binding; buffer; candidate; cd4; cd8; cd8 t; cef; cells; challenge; control; cultures; data; days; differences; dose; elispot; epitope; figure; frequency; g protein; gene; germany; glycoprotein; group; hela; hendra; henipavirus; human; ics; ifn; ifnar−/−; igg; immune; immunity; immunization; individual; infected; infection; length; levels; mean; mhc; mice; mock; model; mouse; mva; nipah; nipah virus; niv; niv infection; nivsg; nivsg group; number; pbs; peptide; plates; pools; positive; potential; prime; protection; protein; receptor; recombinant; recombinant mva; responses; role; sequences; sfc; sfc/10; sigma; single; soluble; specific; specific cd8; splenocytes; stimulated; stimulation; studies; subpools; t cells; type; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; version; virus; viruses cache: cord-004334-y1fcw1dj.txt plain text: cord-004334-y1fcw1dj.txt item: #50 of 445 id: cord-004341-co9s26x1 author: Thukral, Akanksha title: A single dose polyanhydride-based nanovaccine against paratuberculosis infection date: 2020-02-14 words: 6750 flesch: 35 summary: 9 Mycopar® (Boehringer Ingelheim) is an oil suspended, heat killed, whole cell vaccine licensed in the United States. Post-challenge immune responses To evaluate T cell response in Trial I/safety study IFN-γ ELISA was performed and result of which depicted no significant differences in IFN-γ levels among the groups (Supplemental Fig. 2b ) while at 12 weeks post challenge Mycopar and PAN-lysate vaccinated animals showed significantly higher IFN-γ levels as compared with control animals given PBS (Supplemental Fig. 2c ). keywords: animals; antibody; antigen; avium; bacterial; burden; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; challenge; chemistry; colonization; comparison; control; culture; cytokine; dairy; disease; double; efficacy; fig; filtrate; granulomatous; groups; higher; ifn; il-2; immune; immunity; immunized; infection; johne; lesions; levels; lipn; liver; load; lower; lysate; mice; min; model; mouse; mycobacterium; mycopar; nanoparticles; nanovaccines; organs; pan; paratuberculosis; pbs; percentage; plates; polyanhydride; polyfunctional; post; protection; protein; responses; results; robust; safety; significant; single; site; size; solution; specific; spleens; study; subsp; subspecies; supplemental; t cells; tnf; trial; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; weeks; wpc cache: cord-004341-co9s26x1.txt plain text: cord-004341-co9s26x1.txt item: #51 of 445 id: cord-004400-li1sc47z author: Ma, Jingjiao title: Acetylation at K108 of the NS1 protein is important for the replication and virulence of influenza virus date: 2020-02-24 words: 4865 flesch: 40 summary: To detect the IFN-β antagonistic ability of NS1 proteins, 293T cells were transfected with the indicated NS1 expression plasmids (0.2 μg/well) together with a plasmid expressing firefly luciferase under the control of the IFN-β promoter (pGL-IFN-β-LUC, 0.2 μg/well), the Renilla luciferase expressing plasmid pRL-TK (0.07 μg/ well), and the IFN-β stimulator poly(I:C) (0.2 μg/well) or a plasmid expressing the active caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of RIG-I (pcDNA-RIG-I 0.2 μg/well), pcDNA-MAVS (0.2 μg/well), pcDNA-TBK1 (0.2 μg/well) or pcDNA-IRF3 (0.2 μg/well) as described previously [34] . This result indicated that the deacetylation-mimic K108R substitution retained NS1 protein in the cytoplasm of infected cells, suggesting that the acetylated K108 residue is important for the nuclear localization of the NS1 protein ( Figures 5A-C ). keywords: 108q; 108r; ability; acetylated; acetylation; activation; activity; antagonistic; antiviral; binding; cells; cellular; cpsf30; domain; expression; figures; flag; gene; h1n1; host; hpi; ifn; important; infected; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibition; interferon; irf3; k108; levels; localization; mdck; mice; mimic; modification; mutant; mutation; ns1; ns1 protein; nucleus; post; protein; replication; residue; response; rig; rna; role; study; substitution; type; usa; viral; virulence; virus; virus ns1; viruses; wsn cache: cord-004400-li1sc47z.txt plain text: cord-004400-li1sc47z.txt item: #52 of 445 id: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p author: None title: 2019 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date: 2019-02-26 words: 86609 flesch: 43 summary: Background: Patients with primary immune deficiencies characterized by severe T lymphopenia and/or poor T cell function and patients posthematopoietic cell transplantation are at high risk of severe viral infections. In this study, we investigated effect of IL12R1 mutation in IL-12/IFNaxis by evaluation of patients whole blood cell response to IL-12 and IFN-, IL-12R1 expression in PBMCs and T cell blasts. keywords: + cells; abdominal; abnormal; abnormalities; abscesses; absence; absent; absolute; acid; activation; activity; acute; ada; addition; administration; admission; adult; adult patients; advanced; adverse; affected; affected patients; afp; african; age; age patients; aged; agents; allele; allergy; allogeneic; alpha; alps; altered; alternative; american; amino; anakinra; analysis; anemia; anti; antibiotics; antibodies; antibody; antibody deficiency; antigen; antimicrobial; apeced; apoptosis; appropriate; arthritis; aspergillus; assay; assessment; associated; association; asthma; asymptomatic; ataxia; atopic; atypical; autoantibodies; autoimmune; autoimmunity; autoinflammatory; autologous; autosomal; available; average; b cells; background; bacterial; bartonella; baseline; bcl11b; beta; bilateral; binding; biopsy; birth; blood; blood cell; bone; bowel; boy; brain; broad; bronchiectasis; brother; c1q; cancer; candida; candidiasis; capacity; card11; care; carrier; case; caucasian; causes; cd19; cd27; cd3; cd34; cd4; cd40l; cd8; cd8 t; cell counts; cell development; cell function; cell lymphopenia; cell numbers; cell proliferation; cell receptor; cell transplantation; cellular; center; central; cervical; cgd; ch50; change; characteristics; chart; chest; chh; childhood; children; chimerism; chronic; class; clear; clinical; clinical diagnosis; clinicians; cmv; cohort; colitis; combined; combined immunodeficiency; common; comorbidities; comparable; complement; complete; complex; complicated; complications; compound; concentrations; concern; conclusions; conditioning; conditions; congenital; consanguineous; consistent; continued; contrast; control; conventional; copa; cord; correlation; corticosteroids; counseling; counts; course; criteria; critical; csf; ctla-4; ctla4; cultures; cvid patients; cytokine; cytometry; cytopenias; cytotoxicity; daily; damage; data; days; death; decision; decrease; defective; defects; deficiencies; deficient patients; definitive; delay; delayed; deletion; delta; demographic; department; dependent; development; dhr; diagnosis; diarrhea; differences; different; differential; differentiation; diffuse; discussion; disease; disorders; distinct; dna; dock8; domain; dominant; donor; dose; double; drug; dsdna; duffy; duration; dysfunction; dysregulation; earlier; early; ebv; ecs; eczema; effective; effects; efficacy; elevated; encodes; endocarditis; endoscopy; engraftment; enteropathy; enzyme; episodes; errors; essential; established; etanercept; etiology; evaluation; events; evidence; examination; exome; exon; expansion; expression; extl3; face; facial; factor; fadd; failure; familial; family; fas; fatigue; features; febrile; female; fever; figure; fill; findings; flow; fluid; fmf; following; foxn1; free; frequency; frequent; function; fungal; future; gain; gastrointestinal; gata2; gene; general; generation; genetic; genomic; gof; good; granulomatous; greater; group; growth; gvhd; h2ax; hair; haploinsufficiency; hct; healthy; help; hematopoietic; hepatic; hepatitis; heterozygous; hies; hies patients; high; higher; history; hla; hlh; homozygous; hospital; hospitalization; host; hours; hscs; hsct; hsct patients; hsp; human; humoral; hydroxychloroquine; hypertension; hypogammaglobulinemia; hypomorphic; ibd; identification; ifn; iga; igd; ige; igg; igg4; ighy; igm; igrt; igsc; ikaros; il-18; il-2; il-6; illness; imaging; immune; immune cell; immune deficiency; immunodeficiency; immunodeficiency patients; immunoglobulin; immunological; immunology; immunosuppression; impact; impaired; important; improved; improvement; inborn; incidence; increased; index; individuals; induced; infants; infections; inflammation; inflammatory; infliximab; information; infusion; inhibitor; initial; innate; institute; intensity; interferon; interpretation; interstitial; intracellular; intravenous; introduction; invasive; irradiation; isolated; ivig; key; kidney; knowledge; known; laboratory; lack; large; later; lead; left; lesions; leukemia; levels; life; ligand; likely; limited; literature; liver; local; long; loss; low; low t; lower; lung; lung disease; lupus; lymphadenopathy; lymphocyte; lymphoid; lymphoma; lymphopenia; lymphoproliferation; majority; male; malignancies; malignancy; management; manifestations; markers; marrow; mass; maturation; mcl; mean; mechanism; median; medical; medications; medicine; mefv; members; memory; memory b; mental; metabolic; methods; mice; mild; minimal; missense; mitogen; mm3; mmr; model; moderate; molecular; monogenic; months; mortality; mother; mouse; mri; multiple; mutant; mutations; mycobacterial; n=1; nasal; national; natural; naã¯ve; naã¯ve t; nbs; necrosis; need; negative; neurological; neutralizing; neutropenia; neutrophil; newborn; nfkb2; niaid; nih; nk cells; nodes; non; normal; normal t; northwell; novel; novo; number; oas1; objectives; old; older; ongoing; onset; oral; organs; osteomyelitis; otitis; outcomes; overall; oxidase; pad; pain; pancytopenia; panel; parameters; parents; partial; participants; particular; past; pathogenic; pathway; patient b; patients; patients clinical; pbmcs; pcr; pediatric; pediatric patients; percentile; pericarditis; period; peripheral; persistent; phase; phenotype; phenotyping; phosphorylation; physical; pid; pid patients; pidd; pids; pjp; plasma; platelet; plcg2; plt; pneumococcal; pneumonia; pneumonitis; poig; poor; population; positive; possible; post; potential; prednisone; pregnancy; presence; present; presentation; presumed; prevalence; previous; primary; primary immune; primary immunodeficiency; prior; process; production; profile; progressive; proliferation; prolonged; prophylaxis; proportion; protective; protein; protocol; providers; pulmonary; purpura; qol; quality; quantification; quantitative; radiosensitivity; rag1; range; rare; rash; rate; rationale; rdd; reactive; receiving; recent; receptor; recessive; recipient; recombination; reconstitution; recurrent; recurrent infections; reduced; reference; refractory; regimen; region; registry; regulatory; related; relative; renal; repair; repeat; repertoire; replacement; reported; reports; required; research; resolution; respiratory; response; results; retrospective; review; right; risk; rituximab; rna; role; rotavirus; routine; rvt-802; s1p; safety; samples; scid; score; screening; secondary; seizures; self; sepsis; sequence; sequencing; series; serum; setting; severe; severe t; severity; siblings; sided; signaling; signature; significant; signs; similar; single; sinopulmonary; sinusitis; sister; site; size; skin; small; specific; spectrum; splenomegaly; spontaneous; standard; state; status; stem; stem cell; steroids; stim1; stimulated; stimulation; streptococcus; studies; study; subcutaneous; subjects; submission; subsequent; subsets; successful; suggestive; summary; support; surgical; survey; survival; susceptibility; suspicion; switched; symptoms; syndrome; system; systemic; t cells; table; targeted; tcl; tcr; telangiectasia; telomere; term; terminal; testing; tests; tetanus; tfh; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; thought; threshold; thrombocytopenia; thymic; thymus; time; tissue; titers; tnf; tool; total; tract; transient; transplant; transplantation; treatment; trec; treg; trial; trough; ulcers; uncertain; underlying; understanding; underwent; undetectable; unique; university; unknown; unrelated; upper; usa; use; usidnet; vaccination; vaccine; values; variable; variant; vasculitis; viral; viremia; virus; vitro; vivo; vsts; warts; weekly; weeks; weight; wes; white; work; workup; worsening; xla; years; years old; yrs; zap70 cache: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt plain text: cord-004675-n8mlxe7p.txt item: #53 of 445 id: cord-004685-qote5nx2 author: Vassão, R. C. title: A genetic analysis of macrophage activation and specific antibodies in relation to the resistance of heterogeneous mouse populations to MHV3 infection date: 1994 words: 2355 flesch: 30 summary: The in vitro treatment with I F N gamma, which induced an anti-MHV3 effect only in resistant mouse macrophages, correlated with the in vivo resistance observed after MHV3 infection. The direct individual intrapopulation correlation between the induction of antiviral state in macrophages activated by IFN gamma and the resistance to the virus infection, showed that an antiviral state could be induced in resistant mouse macrophages, whereas in susceptible mouse macrophages no restriction of virus replication could be observed. keywords: activation; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; cells; correlation; direct; gamma; genetic; hepatitis; high; ifn; infection; interferon; low; macrophages; mhv3; mice; mortality; mouse; resistance; responder; role; state; study; susceptibility; susceptible; titres; type; virus cache: cord-004685-qote5nx2.txt plain text: cord-004685-qote5nx2.txt item: #54 of 445 id: cord-005077-ejgzfzd2 author: Vogel, Wolfgang title: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients not responding to combination therapy with ribavirin and interferon α — hype or hope? date: 2004 words: 2046 flesch: 47 summary: A particularly difficult group of patients are nonresponders to IFN therapy. key: cord-005077-ejgzfzd2 authors: Vogel, Wolfgang title: Treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients not responding to combination therapy with ribavirin and interferon α — hype or hope? date: 2004 journal: keywords: ama; amantadine; chronic; combination; dose; effect; genotype; group; hcv; hepatitis; ifn; induction; interferon; months; new; non; patients; responders; response; results; ribavirin; rna; studies; study; svr; therapy; treatment; trial; viral; virus cache: cord-005077-ejgzfzd2.txt plain text: cord-005077-ejgzfzd2.txt item: #55 of 445 id: cord-005119-vsvc437g author: Georgiades, Jerzy A. title: Oral application of cytokines date: 1996 words: 4814 flesch: 37 summary: These negative observations may relate to the limited period of oral IFN-a treatment employed in these studies or to the use of recombinant as opposed to natural IFN-a. While it is not now possible to be certain of the anti HIV effects of oral IFN-a in humans, several studies provide additional support. Babiuch reported that, from time to time, patients may apparently lose their sensitivity to oral IFN-a therapy keywords: active; administration; alpha; antiviral; babiuch; biological; blood; bone; cd4; cell; chronic; control; counts; cummins; cytokines; days; disease; dose; effects; epithelial; et al; fleischmann; group; hematological; hepatitis; hiv-1; human; ifn; il-2; infection; interferons; jejuni; low; lymphocytes; marrow; mice; mucosal; natural; number; observations; oral; oral administration; patients; peripheral; placebo; results; studies; study; systemic; therapy; treated; treatment; virus; vitro; white cache: cord-005119-vsvc437g.txt plain text: cord-005119-vsvc437g.txt item: #56 of 445 id: cord-005393-rhji4io9 author: Popko, Brian title: The effects of interferon-γ on the central nervous system date: 1997 words: 7981 flesch: 29 summary: In vivo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimentally induced neurologic diseases Differential regulation of oligodendrocyte markers by glucocorticoids: post-h-anscriptional regulation of both proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein and transcriptional regulation of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase Morphological and molecular response of the MOCH-1 oligodendrocyte cell line to serum and Lnterferon-y: possible implications for demyelinating disorders Immunological aspects of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis Immunological aspects of demyelinating diseases Cell type-specific regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons Differential expression and regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products in neural and glial cells of the human fetal brain Selective killing of cholinergic neurons by microglial activation in basal forebrain mixed neuronal/glial cultures Cytokine-regulated adhesion between encephalitogenic T lymphocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells Induction of active and adoptive relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) using an encephalitogenir epitope of proteolipid protein Activation of microglial cells by beta-amyloid protein and interferon-gamma Microglial cell cytotoxicity of oligodendrocytes is mediated through nitric oxide Evdution of the T-cell d~ng the course of experimental imanune-mediated demyelinating disea~s Nitric oxide induces necrotic but not apoptotic cell death in oligodendrocytes Differential expression of Ia and Ia-associated invariant chain in mouse tissue after in vivo treatment with IFN-7 Interferon pretreatment lowers the threshold for maximal heat-shock response in mouse cells Early evidence demonstrating the ability of brain cells, including neurons, to express MHC molecules includes experiments in which IFN-y was either added to mixed brain cultures or i~ected directly into the CNS (Wong et al., 1984 (Wong et al., , 1985 . keywords: activation; active; activity; adhesion; allergic; animals; antibodies; antigen; astrocytes; autoimmune; barrier; binding; blood; brain; cells; central; chain; class; cns; complex; cultured; cytokine; death; deleterious; demyelinating; differentiation; direct; disease; disorders; eae; effects; encephalomyelitis; endothelial; et al; evidence; experimental; expression; factor; functional; gamma; gene; glial; gliosis; granule; heat; histocompatibility; human; ifn; ifn-7; immune; increased; induced; induction; inflammatory; injection; interferon; levels; line; lymphocytes; macrophages; major; mbp; mhc; mhc class; mice; microglia; migration; model; molecular; molecules; mouse; mrna; multiple; myelin; nervous; neuronal; neurons; nitric; normal; observed; oligodendrocytes; oxide; pathogenesis; patients; potential; presence; production; protein; reactive; receptor; regulation; response; role; sclerosis; shock; signal; sjl; specific; studies; system; transcriptional; transduction; transgenic; treatment; variety; vitro; vivo cache: cord-005393-rhji4io9.txt plain text: cord-005393-rhji4io9.txt item: #57 of 445 id: cord-005595-vzkcin1l author: Massa, P. T. title: Viral particles induce Ia antigen expression on astrocytes date: 1986 words: 3521 flesch: 43 summary: Treatment of primary glial cell cultures with either infectious or ultraviolet-inactivated JHM virus also induced la expression by astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, peaking at 10 3 plaque-forming units (PFU) ml-1 (Table 1) ; higher concentrations had a toxic effect on the cells. Primary glial cell cultures were established from newborn (1 day postnatal) Lewis rat brain as described previousli 6 . keywords: addition; antibody; antigen; astrocytes; brain; cells; contrast; control; cultures; days; dbt; double; expression; fig; gfap; glial; ifn; igg; immunofluorescence; inactivated; induction; jhm; macrophages; microscopy; ml-1; molecules; monoclonal; mouse; neutralizing; normal; oncogenes; pfu; positive; present; primary; proliferation; proteins; rabbit; ras; rat; receptors; recombinant; response; staining; surface; treatment; ultraviolet; viral; virus cache: cord-005595-vzkcin1l.txt plain text: cord-005595-vzkcin1l.txt item: #58 of 445 id: cord-005664-n4xv247l author: Plötz, Frans B. title: Mechanical ventilation alters the immune response in children without lung pathology date: 2002-01-15 words: 3295 flesch: 37 summary: The major finding of the present study is that exposing infants with normal lung function to 2 h of volatile anesthetics, mechanical ventilation, and cardiac catheterization is associated with remarkable changes in immune responses. key: cord-005664-n4xv247l authors: Plötz, Frans B.; Vreugdenhil, Harriet A.; Slutsky, Arthur S.; Zijlstra, Jitske; Heijnen, Cobi J.; van Vught, Hans title: Mechanical ventilation alters the immune response in children without lung pathology date: 2002-01-15 journal: Intensive Care Med DOI: 10.1007/s00134-002-1216-7 sha: doc_id: 5664 cord_uid: n4xv247l Objective: keywords: activity; anti; aspirates; balance; blood; capacity; cardiac; catheterization; cells; changes; concentrations; cultures; cytokines; decrease; expression; ifn; il-10; il-6; immune; increase; infants; leukocytes; lung; mechanical; mediators; observed; patients; peripheral; procedure; production; proinflammatory; remarkable; respiratory; response; significant; study; systemic; th1; th2; tidal; tnf; tracheal; ventilation; volume cache: cord-005664-n4xv247l.txt plain text: cord-005664-n4xv247l.txt item: #59 of 445 id: cord-005953-5z89yeb6 author: None title: Abstracts des 114. Internistenkongresses 2008 date: 2008 words: 16191 flesch: 40 summary: Hohe Prävalenz der ASS-Non-Responder bei ACVB-Patienten in den multiplen Testanalysen Hintergrund und Zielsetzung: In der Therapie der HIV-Infektion sind Wechselwirkungen und Unverträglichkeit der mittlerweile zahlreich zur Verfügung stehenden antiretoviralen Medikamente ein grosses Problem. Auch in der Subgruppe der überlebenden keywords: 24h; a549; aav; able; absence; ace; activation; activity; addition; adherence; adherent; age; aim; aktivierung; aldosterone; allele; als; altman; analyse; analysis; angiotensin; animals; anti; apoptose; ar4; arbs; artery; aspirin; assay; at1; atrial; auch; auf; aus; background; baseline; behandlung; bei; beiden; bestimmt; bestimmung; bier; biphasic; bis; bland; bleeding; blood; blot; bmi; body; bzw; campesterol; cardiac; cardiovascular; carotid; carriers; cells; cellular; changes; chd; chemokine; cholesterol; class; clopidogrel; combination; common; conclusion; contrast; controls; coronary; correlation; cox-2; csf; cwd; cyp2c19; daher; das; dass; data; daten; days; degradation; dem; dependent; der; des; development; diabetes; diabetic; dialysis; die; dieser; dietary; different; dimensional; disease; dldl; drug; durch; durchgeführt; ebenfalls; effects; effekt; eine; einfluss; elegans; elevated; endogenous; endothelial; ergab; ergebnisse; et-1; expression; factors; faktoren; fat; fibrillation; fibrinogen; fibrose; fkn; flow; fluids; follow; form; function; führte; für; gdp; gegenüber; genes; genetic; glucose; goitre; group; gruppe; gute; haben; hat; hbv; hcv; hdl; healthy; heart; hemmern; hepatitis; hepatozyten; herzinsuffizienz; high; higher; hilfe; hintergrund; history; hnc; hscs; huh7.5; human; humanen; hypertension; hzv; ibp; ifn; impact; impaired; incidence; index; induced; induzierte; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; insulin; interaction; ischemia; isolated; ist; jahre; jedoch; kardiologie; kardiomyozyten; key; kinase; klinisch; konnte; konzentrationen; können; lathosterol; ldl; leptin; lesions; levels; life; liraglutid; lis; lisinopril; liver; low; lower; major; mass; mean; measures; mechanismen; median; mellitus; membrane; metabolism; methoden; methods; mhc; mice; microalbuminuria; migration; min; mit; mittels; mmhg; mmol; model; monaten; months; mrna; mrt; myocardial; n.s; nach; nachgewiesen; natriumkanäle; neuronal; nicht; nnos; non; normal; ntd; number; nyha; obese; obesity; observed; oder; overexpression; oxidase; oxide; p<0.001; p<0.05; pathway; patienten; patients; peritoneal; pgd2; placebo; plasma; platelets; plättchenaggregation; positive; potential; ppg; presence; present; pressure; prevalence; primary; primären; probnp; profile; proteasome; protein; prrt; pts; randomized; rate; rats; ratten; rcm; rebreathing; receptor; reduced; reduction; regression; release; remission; renal; reperfusion; response; restriction; results; risk; role; ros; schlussfolgerung; score; sechs; serum; severe; shape; sich; signalwege; significant; sind; size; snx+gdp; soluble; source; sowie; span; specific; spectrometry; stationären; stimulation; strain; studie; study; subjects; supernatants; supportive; surface; synthase; system; systemic; tace; tgr; therapie; therapy; thyroid; time; tips; tlr; tnf; tolerance; total; transcriptional; treatment; tumor; type; uacr; ultraschall; und; unter; untereinheiten; untersucht; urine; valsartan; vascular; vegfr2; vergleich; vivo; von; vor; war; weeks; weibchen; weight; welche; werden; werte; western; wild; wir; wird; women; wurde; während; years; zeigen; zeigte; zellen; zelltod; ziel; zielsetzung; zum; zur; zwischen; über cache: cord-005953-5z89yeb6.txt plain text: cord-005953-5z89yeb6.txt item: #60 of 445 id: cord-006444-eq56zhtd author: None title: Abstracts of oral presentations and posters date: 1993 words: 40759 flesch: 49 summary: The shortened NTT was also reflected by a decreased proportion of marrow cells in the post mitotic pool (metas, bands and PMNs) and apparently lengthened blood The application of r-canine G-CSF enhanced the recovery of granulocytes but led to graft failure in dogs receiving a low number of marrow cells. keywords: ability; abmt; absence; activation; active; activities; activity; acute; addition; adherent; administration; advanced; adverse; allogeneic; alpha; aml; amounts; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; application; approach; ara; assay; autologous; bacterial; binding; biological; bladder; blast; blood; blood cells; bone; bone marrow; brdu; breast; cancer; capable; capacity; carcinoma; cases; cd14; cd34; cd4; cd56; cell growth; cell lines; cell proliferation; cells; cfu; chain; changes; chemotherapy; children; chronic; clinical; cll; clonogenic; cml; colony; combination; complete; complications; concentrations; consisted; continuous; contrast; control; correlation; counts; course; csf; csf levels; csf receptor; csf therapy; csf treatment; ctx; culture; cycles; cyclic; cyclophosphamide; cytogenetic; cytokines; cytotoxic; cytotoxicity; daily; data; date; days; decrease; degranulation; dependent; depletion; detectable; determined; development; diagnosis; differences; different; differentiation; direct; disease; dna; dogs; dose; drug; duration; early; effective; effector; effects; efficacy; elevated; elisa; endotoxin; engraftment; enhancement; established; evaluable; events; evidence; experiments; expression; factor; failure; febrile; fever; filgrastim; fluid; fold; following; formation; fraction; free; function; gamma; grade; granulocyte; group; growth; growth factor; gvhd; haemopoietic; healthy; hematopoietic; hgfs; high; high dose; higher; hla; hodgkin; hospital; host; hours; hrg; hrs; hsp27; human; i.v; ifn; igf; il-1; il-2; il-3; il-4; il-6; il-8; il6; immune; immunotherapy; important; incidence; incorporation; increase; induced; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; infusion; inhibited; inhibition; inhibits; initial; interferon; interleukin; kinase; lak; later; layers; leukemia; levels; like; lineage; lines; liver; local; long; lower; lps; lung; lymphocytes; lymphoma; macrophages; major; majority; malignant; marker; marrow; maximum; mcg; mds; median; medium; melanoma; metastases; metastatic; method; methug; mice; mif; mnc; mobilization; monocytes; mononuclear; months; mrna; multiple; murine; mxa; myeloid; necrosis; negative; neutropenia; neutrophil; new; nhl; nksf; non; normal; number; observed; order; overall; p21; parameters; partial; patients; pbmc; pbpc; pbsc; pcr; period; peripheral; peripheral blood; phase; phosphorylation; pituitary; plasma; platelet; pmn; population; positive; possible; post; potential; presence; present; pretreatment; primary; prior; production; progenitor; progenitor cells; progression; proliferation; prolonged; protein; protocol; pts; purified; randomized; range; rapid; rate; reaction; recent; receptor; recombinant; reconstitution; recovery; reduced; refractory; regimen; regulation; relapse; related; release; remission; renal; report; responders; response; results; rhg; rhll-4; risk; role; s.c; samples; scd23; scf; scn; scpf; second; secretion; sensitive; sequential; serum; severe; short; significant; sil-2r; similar; single; sites; small; soluble; specific; specimens; stable; stage; starting; stem; stem cells; stimulated; stimulation; stimulatory; stnf; stromal; strong; studies; study; subcutaneous; subsequent; support; surface; surgery; survival; symptoms; syndrome; synthesis; system; systemic; t cells; target; term; tested; tgf; therapeutic; time; tissue; tnf; tnfr; total; toxicity; transfusions; transplantation; treatment; trials; tumor; tumor cells; type; use; uvb; values; vitro; vivo; wbc; weekly; weeks; years; yield cache: cord-006444-eq56zhtd.txt plain text: cord-006444-eq56zhtd.txt item: #61 of 445 id: cord-006828-i88on326 author: None title: Abstracts DGRh-Kongress 2013 date: 2013-09-15 words: 30854 flesch: 47 summary: Es zeigen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Krankheitsaktivität der beiden Gruppen (vor Einleitung der ADA-Therapie nach DMARD-und nach anti-TNF-Versagen). key: cord-006828-i88on326 authors: nan title: Abstracts DGRh-Kongress 2013 date: 2013-09-15 journal: Z Rheumatol DOI: 10.1007/s00393-013-1255-1 sha: doc_id: 6828 cord_uid: i88on326 nan im Namen der DGRh, der DGORh und der GKJR begrüßen wir Sie ganz herzlich zu unserem diesjährigen Kongress Visualisierung therapeutischer Effekte von Vasodilatantien beim sekundären Raynaud-Syndrom mittels fluoreszenzoptischer Bildgebung DI.14 Stellenwert der Gelenksonographie bezüglich Diagnose, Behandlung und Therapiekontrolle der Bursitis intermetatarsalis -einer häufig übersehenen Differenzialdiagnose. keywords: aav; abatacept; abklärung; able; action; activation; active; activity; acute; adalimumab; addition; adhesion; adiponectin; admps; aea; aes; affinity; agents; aim; alpha; als; amcv; amd3100; analysis; angiogenesis; ansprechen; anti; antibodies; antibody; anzahl; apoptotic; apr20; apremilast; area; arthritis; asas; assay; assessment; at1r; atp; auch; auf; autoantibodies; autoimmune; autoreactive; available; axspa; b cells; background; baff; basdai; baseline; basfi; befund; behandelt; bei; bei der; belimumab; beneficial; berlin; binding; biologic; biomarkers; bis; blood; bone; bone marrow; bortezomib; capable; capillaroscopy; cartilage; case; cb1; ccp; cd20; cd4; cd56; cd69; cd8; cells; cellular; changes; characteristics; characterized; chemokines; children; chondrocytes; chondroitin; chronic; clinical; cmv; cohort; collagen; combination; combined; common; comparable; comparison; complement; concentrations; conclusion; conditions; connective; consistent; contrast; control; conventional; correlates; correlation; corresponding; course; crp; cultured; current; cytokines; cytometry; czp; das; das28; dass; data; days; dem; den; dependent; depletion; der; der patienten; der therapie; des; destructive; diagnose; diagnosis; die; dieser; differences; different; differentiation; disease; disease activity; distribution; dmards; donors; dose; dsdna; duration; durch; early; effective; effector; effects; efficacy; eine; einleitung; elisa; endothelial; endothelial cells; energy; enhanced; ergebnisse; erhielten; erkrankung; etar; exercise; expansion; expression; factors; failure; fall; faser; faslpr; fatty; fcrn; features; fever; ffa; fibroblasts; findings; flares; flow; fls; foi; fold; follow; formation; foxo1; frequencies; frequency; functional; für; gcs; gelenke; genes; gießen; glucocorticoid; good; gp130; gpa; group; haben; haq; healthy; hif-1α; hif-2; higher; hla; human; hypoxia; idiopathic; ifn; ifx; iga; igg; il-1β; il-2; il-6; il-7; il-8; imaging; immune; immunization; immunized; immunogenicity; immunologie; imn; impact; important; improvement; inactive; increased; index; individuals; induction; infection; infiltrating; inflamed; inflammasome; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; infusions; inhibition; initial; initiation; insights; interferon; intravenous; involvement; irradiation; isolated; ist; jahr; jahren; jia; joint; juvenile; kann; key; kidney; klinik; klinischen; knockdown; konnte; krankheitsaktivität; kriterien; können; later; lda; leads; lesions; levels; like; limited; limiting; loading; long; loss; lower; lupus; lymphocytes; major; manner; markers; marrow; matrix; mcvs; mean; mechanisms; median; mediators; membrane; memory; memory t; metabolic; methoden; methods; mgr; mice; microrna; mit; mit der; mit einer; mittels; model; modified; molecules; monocytes; monotherapie; months; mri; mrl; mrt; msasss; mtx; murine; nach; nachweis; negative; neurotransmitter; neutrophils; new; nicht; non; normal; normoxia; number; nur; nzb; objective; oder; ohne; onset; oral; osteoarthritis; osteoblasts; osteophyte; outcome; overall; p<0.0001; p<0.05; pain; parameter; pathogenesis; patienten; patienten mit; patients; pbl; pbmcs; pdcs; period; peripheral; pet; phase; phenotype; physical; placebo; plasma; plasma cells; play; polyarthritis; populations; positive; post; potential; presence; present; previous; primary; prior; procedure; processes; production; progranulin; progression; proliferation; proportion; prospective; protein; proteinurie; psa; ra patients; radiographic; radiological; rahmen; randomized; range; rasf; rates; raynaud; receptor; reduced; regulated; regulation; regulatory; release; relevant; remission; renal; research; resistin; responders; response; results; retention; rheumatoid; rheumatoid arthritis; rheumatologie; risikofaktoren; risk; rituximab; role; safety; samples; schlussfolgerung; score; secondary; secretion; secukinumab; serum; severe; severity; short; sich; sie; siglec-1; signaling; signature; significant; signs; similar; sind; sle; sle patients; sowie; sowohl; specific; spinal; spleen; spondylitis; spondyloarthritis; ssc; staining; standard; state; status; stimulation; studies; study; subcutaneous; subsets; sulfate; suppl; surface; symptomatik; symptoms; syndrom; synovial; systemic; t cells; tag; target; tcon; tcz; technique; term; test; th1; therapeutic; therapie; therapy; time; tissue; titers; tnf; tnfr1; tocilizumab; total; transcription; transcriptome; transcytosis; transport; treatment; treg; trpv1; type; und; und der; units; unter; untersuchung; vegf; vergleich; verlauf; veränderungen; visfatin; vitro; von; vor; vzv; w94; waren; week; weight; werden; wert; wird; woche; worsening; wurde; years; zeigte; zeitschrift; zum; zur; zwischen; µmol; über cache: cord-006828-i88on326.txt plain text: cord-006828-i88on326.txt item: #62 of 445 id: cord-007013-tlvgyzft author: Chan, Kok Fei title: Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection date: 2018-08-01 words: 4954 flesch: 43 summary: key: cord-007013-tlvgyzft authors: Chan, Kok Fei; Carolan, Louise A; Korenkov, Daniil; Druce, Julian; McCaw, James; Reading, Patrick C; Barr, Ian G; Laurie, Karen L title: Investigating Viral Interference Between Influenza A Virus and Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a Ferret Model of Infection date: 2018-08-01 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy184 sha: doc_id: 7013 cord_uid: tlvgyzft Epidemiological studies have observed that the seasonal peak incidence of influenza virus infection is sometimes separate from the peak incidence of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection, with the peak incidence of hRSV infection delayed. A epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections Impact of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic on age-specific epidemic curves of other respiratory viruses: a comparison of pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a subtropical city Increased risk of noninfluenza respiratory virus infections associated with receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine Interference between respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in respiratory tract infections in children Epidemiology of multiple respiratory viruses in childcare attendees Respiratory viral infections during the 2009-2010 winter season in Central England, UK: incidence and patterns of multiple virus co-infections Virus interference between H7N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus and lentogenic Newcastle disease virus in experimental co-infections in chickens and turkeys Interval between infections and viral hierarchy are determinants of viral interference following influenza virus infection in a ferret model Evidence for viral interference and cross-reactive protective immunity between influenza B virus lineages Protective heterologous antiviral immunity and enhanced immunopathogenesis mediated by memory T cell populations Specific history of heterologous virus infections determines anti-viral immunity and immunopathology in the lung Inhibition of influenza A virus replication by influenza B virus nucleoprotein: an insight into interference between influenza A and B viruses Viral Interference and persistence in mosquito-borne flaviviruses Dual infections of feeder pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus followed by porcine respiratory coronavirus or swine influenza virus: a clinical and virological study Rhinoviruses delayed the circulation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus in France Protection of mice against lethal challenge with 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus by 1918-like and classical swine H1N1 based vaccines The ferret as a model organism to study influenza keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09; animals; antibodies; assay; cells; challenge; clinical; control; cross; data; days; different; disease; expression; ferrets; figure; fold; hrsv; human; ifn; il-6; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; influenza; interference; interferon; interleukin; level; long; model; mrna; nasal; pandemic; peak; pfu; reduced; respiratory; response; samples; shedding; specimens; strains; studies; supplementary; syncytial; test; titers; tract; viral; virus; viruses; wash; weight cache: cord-007013-tlvgyzft.txt plain text: cord-007013-tlvgyzft.txt item: #63 of 445 id: cord-007382-5kb16qb7 author: Hartmann, G. title: Nucleic Acid Immunity date: 2016-12-15 words: 16190 flesch: 33 summary: The involvement of SAMHD1 in innate immunity was initially proposed based on its mouse ortholog Mg11 which is IFN-inducible in macrophages and dendritic cells (Li et al., 2000) , hence the alternative name dendritic cell-derived IFN-γ-induced protein. TLR7 and TLR8 are preferentially activated by polyU or by G-and U-rich sequences (Diebold et al., 2004; Heil et al., 2004; Hornung et al., 2005; Judge et al., 2005) . keywords: -triphosphate; acid; acid immunity; activation; activities; activity; adaptive; adar1; additional; adenosine; ags; aicardi; aim2; alpha; antiviral; apoptosis; autoimmunity; bacteria; basis; binding; cas; cause; cells; cellular; certain; cgas; cleavage; compartment; complex; components; concept; context; cpg; crispr; cytoplasmic; cytosolic; defense; deficient; degradation; dendritic; dependent; detection; dicer; different; direct; disease; dna; dnase; domain; double; doublestranded; downstream; dsrna; editing; effector; effects; endogenous; endolysosomal; ends; et al; example; exonuclease; expression; extracellular; extrinsic; factor; family; fig; foreign; foreign nucleic; forms; function; genetic; group; helicase; high; higher; hornung; host; human; hybrids; identification; ifit1; ifn; iii; immune; immune cells; immune receptors; immunity; important; induced; inducible; induction; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; information; inhibition; initiation; innate; innate immune; interaction; interference; interferon; intrinsic; kinase; later; lgp2; life; ligands; like; localization; long; loss; lupus; macrophages; mammalian; mda5; mechanisms; methylation; mice; modification; molecular; molecules; motifs; mouse; mrna; mutations; myeloid; nuclear; nucleases; nucleic; nucleic acid; number; oas; oas1; oligonucleotides; overview; pathogens; pathways; pdc; pkr; presence; production; protein; receptors; recognition; replication; research; response; responsible; restriction; results; rig; rna; rnai; rnas; role; samhd1; self; sensing; sequence; short; signaling; single; sirna; species; specific; sting; structural; syndrome; synthesis; system; target; terminal; time; tlr3; tlr7; tlr8; tlr9; toll; transcription; translation; trex1; tumor; type; unmethylated; vertebrates; virus; viruses; work cache: cord-007382-5kb16qb7.txt plain text: cord-007382-5kb16qb7.txt item: #64 of 445 id: cord-007417-az8xd66p author: Hansbro, Nicole G. title: Understanding the mechanisms of viral induced asthma: New therapeutic directions date: 2008-01-29 words: 29711 flesch: 30 summary: Synergistic suppression of virus-induced chemokines in airway epithelial cells The role of Toll-like receptor 4 versus interleukin-12 in immunity to respiratory syncytial virus Interleukin-11: Stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with common cold virus infections Efficacy of a saponin-adjuvanted inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves Response of calves to challenge exposure with virulent bovine respiratory syncytial virus following intranasal administration of vaccines formulated for parenteral administration Respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro The role of the respiratory syncytial virus in airway syndromes in childhood The relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infections and the development of wheezing and asthma in children Suppression of pattern-recognition receptor TLR4 sensing does not alter lung responses to pneumovirus infection Relationship of serum antibody to risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly adults Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults Increased vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors: Relationship to angiogenesis in asthma Macrolides in the treatment of asthma and cystic fibrosis Doubling the dose of budesonide versus maintenance treatment in asthma exacerbations Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County Respiratory illness associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Its role in aeroallergen sensitization during the first two years of life Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model Lower airways inflammation during rhinovirus colds in normal and in asthmatic subjects Detection of viral, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in exacerbations of asthma in children Transcriptional activation of the interleukin-8 gene by respiratory syncytial virus infection in alveolar epithelial cells: Nuclear translocation of the RelA transcription factor as a mechanism producing airway mucosal inflammation Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (not T helper type 2 cytokines) is associated with severe forms of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis A comparison of epidemiologic and immunologic features of bronchiolitis caused by influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus Intracellular pool of vascular endothelial growth factor in human neutrophils Impaired virus-induced interferon-alpha2 release in adult asthmatic patients Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection Relationships among specific viral pathogens, virus-induced interleukin-8, and respiratory symptoms in infancy Double-stranded RNA induces the synthesis of specific chemokines by bronchial epithelial cells Effects of viral respiratory infections on lung development and childhood asthma Bidirectional interactions between viral respiratory illnesses and cytokine responses in the first year of life A bovine model of vaccine enhanced respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology Rhinovirus infects primary human airway fibroblasts and induces a neutrophil chemokine and a permeability factor Mobilization of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells to mucosal sites in children with respiratory syncytial virus and other viral respiratory infections 543â��546. A prospective cohort study with matched controls Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13 Subgroup specific protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection with peptides encompassing the amino acid region 174-187 from the G glycoprotein: The role of cysteinyl residues in protection Impact of severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children living in developed countries Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing Clinical and immunological effects of low-dose IFN-alpha treatment in patients with corticosteroid-resistant asthma Inflammatory subtypes in asthma: assessment and identification using induced sputum Sequelae of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy and early childhood among Alaska Native children Childhood asthma following hospitalization with acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy Role of monocytes and eosinophils in human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro Suppression of the induction of alpha, beta, and lambda interferons by the NS1 and NS2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus in human epithelial cells and macrophages Effects of nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2 of human respiratory syncytial virus on interferon regulatory factor 3, NF-kappaB, and proinflammatory cytokines Tolerance and efficacy of intranasal administration of recombinant beta serine interferon in healthy adults Virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes downregulate T helper cell type 2 cytokine secretion and pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental murine respiratory syncytial virus infection Virus-specific memory and effector T lymphocytes exhibit different cytokine responses to antigens during experimental murine respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years Atopic disposition, wheezing, and subsequent respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in Danish children younger than 18 months: A nested case-control study A survey of virus infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease Family size, infection and atopy: The first decade of the hygiene hypothesis Infection of a human respiratory epithelial cell line with rhinovirus. keywords: aad; absence; activation; activity; acute; acute asthma; adaptive; administration; adults; age; ahr; airflow; airway; airway inflammation; allergen; allergic; allergy; angiogenesis; animal; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; asm; association; asthma; asthma exacerbations; asthma respiratory; asthmatics; atopic; atopy; attenuated; becs; blood; bovine; bovine respiratory; bovine rsv; bronchial; bronchiolitis; calves; cattle; cause; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; challenge; changes; chemokines; childhood; children; chronic; clearance; clinical; colds; combination; common; controls; ctl; cytokine; dakhama et; damage; days; deficient; dendritic; dependent; development; different; disease; dose; early; effective; effects; efficacy; elevated; endothelial; enhanced; eosinophil; epithelial; epithelial cells; et al; evidence; exacerbations; experimental; exposure; expression; factor; family; features; function; gamma; generation; genetic; glycoprotein; group; growth; high; hospitalization; host; human; hyperresponsiveness; ifn; ige; il-12; il-4; il-5; il-8; illness; immune; immune responses; immunity; immunization; immunopathology; important; inactivated; increases; individuals; induced; induction; infancy; infants; infected; infection; infection respiratory; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory responses; influx; inhaled; innate; interferon; ip-10; lack; later; lead; levels; life; likely; link; live; long; lower; lrt; lung; major; majority; mechanisms; mediated; mediators; memory; mice; mild; models; months; mouse; mucosal; mucus; nasal; natural; need; neurogenic; neutralising; neutrophil; non; novel; obstruction; openshaw; palivizumab; pathogenesis; pathology; patients; persistent; phenotype; pivotal; possible; potential; present; prevention; primary; primary infection; processes; production; progression; protective; protein; pulmonary; rantes; rats; recent; receptor; recombinant; recurrent; reduced; relative; release; remodelling; replication; respiratory; respiratory syncytial; respiratory viral; responses; results; rhinovirus; rhinovirus infection; risk; role; rsv; rsv bronchiolitis; rsv disease; rsv infection; sensitization; severe; severity; significant; sigurs; similar; specific; strategies; studies; study; subjects; subsequent; subunit; suppression; susceptibility; susceptible; symptoms; syncytial; syncytial virus; t cells; term; th1; th2; th2 responses; therapeutic; therapy; timing; tnf; tract; treatment; trials; type; understanding; unknown; urt; vaccines; valarcher; vascular; vegf; viral; virus; virus bronchiolitis; virus infection; viruses; vivo; wark et; wheeze; wheezing; years cache: cord-007417-az8xd66p.txt plain text: cord-007417-az8xd66p.txt item: #65 of 445 id: cord-007621-rapinodd author: Vidovic, Maria title: Induction and regulation of class II major histocompatibility complex mRNA expression in astrocytes by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α date: 2002-11-13 words: 6691 flesch: 45 summary: Furthermore, astrocyte class II mRNA expression was inhibited when cycloheximide (CHX) was added together with IFN-γ or IFN-γ/TNF-α, and when CHX was added up to 4 h after treatment with IFN-γ or IFN-γ/TNF-α. These results indicate that astrocyte class II mRNA expression is mediated by newly synthesized proteins induced by IFN-γ and/or IFN-γ/TNF-α. keywords: -70; acting; addition; analysis; antigen; astrocytes; benveniste; blot; brain; cells; chx; class; class ii; cns; control; cyclophilin; cytokines; data; effect; et al; expression; factor; fig; film; function; gene; glial; hla; human; ifn; ii mhc; ii mrna; immune; increase; induced; induction; intensifying; interferon; kodak; lanes; level; medium; mhc; mhc mrna; mice; microglia; mouse; mrna; mrna expression; murine; necrosis; omat; positive; presence; primary; probe; protein; rat; regulation; results; serum; specific; study; synthesis; time; tnf; total; transcriptional; treatment; tumor; u.s.a cache: cord-007621-rapinodd.txt plain text: cord-007621-rapinodd.txt item: #66 of 445 id: cord-007646-yh8zi1ee author: Weiss, R.C. title: Effect of recombinant human interferon-alpha in vitro and in vivo on mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis in cats() date: 2002-11-12 words: 3839 flesch: 35 summary: Bielefeldt-Ohmann and Babiuk (1986) reported that in vitro treatment of bovine PBL with recombinant bovine IFNgamma (rBoIFN-7) induced suppressor cells which may have competed with interleukin (IL)-2; moreover, the suppression in lymphocyte blastogenesis after in vivo administration of high doses of rBoIFN-7 was found to be reversible by addition of human IL-2 to the lymphocyte cultures. Because IFN (particularly human IFN-c~ ) has antiviral and immunomodulatory activities that cross species lines (Pallikoff et al., 1962; Desmyter et al., 1968; Gresser et al., 1974; Krakowka et al., 1988) and because recombinant DNA-produced human IFN is now available in relatively large quantity, the use of human IFN in veterinary medicine has increased. keywords: activity; alpha; blastogenesis; blastogenic; bovine; cats; cells; cellular; con; cultures; cytotoxic; days; dna; doses; effects; feline; group; high; human; ifn; immune; incorporation; incubation; induced; interferon; low; lower; lymphocyte; mean; mice; mitogen; normal; pbl; phytomitogens; postinoculation; pwm; recombinant; responses; rhuifn; significant; specific; studies; suppression; thymidine; vivo cache: cord-007646-yh8zi1ee.txt plain text: cord-007646-yh8zi1ee.txt item: #67 of 445 id: cord-007654-lchdm4xr author: Liu, Yang title: Flavivirus infection up-regulates the expression of class I and class II major histocompatibility antigens on and enhances T cell recognition of astrocytes in vitro date: 2002-12-11 words: 5042 flesch: 43 summary: major histecompatibility complex antigens on infected cells Antigen-inducible, H-2-restricted interleukin-2-producing T cell hybridomas lack of independent antigen and H-2 re. cognition Relationship between surface H-2 concentration, size of different target cells and lysis by cytotoxic T cells Clones of cytotoxic lymphocytes can recognize uninfected cells in a primary response against influenza virus Immunohistochemical identification of T lyn~lphocytes in the central nervous system of patients with multiple selerosis and subacute sclerusilag panencephalitis An improved assay for interleukin-2 (lymphocyte growth factor) produced by mitogen activated lymphocytes Theiler's virus-induced demyelination: prevention by immunosuppression Preparation of separate astre~lJial and ollgodendroglial cell cultures from rat cerebral tissue Enhanced representation of HL-A antigens on human lymphocytes after mitogenesis induced by phytohemagglutinin of Epstein-Barr virus Antigen presentation in brain: MHC induction on brain end~ thdium and astrocytes compared Viral particles induce la antigen expression on astrocytes Pathobiology of flaviviruses Infection of cultured mnrine brain cells by Semliki Forest virus: effect of interferon-o.~ on viral replication, viral antigen display, major histocompafibility complex antigen display and lysis by cytotoxie T lymphocytes Properties of mo~clonal antibodies to mouse Ig allotypes, H-2 and Ia antigens Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies to mouse H-2 and la antigens Adenoviruses of subgenera B, C, D, and E modulate cell-surface expression of major histccompatibility complex class I antigens Temporary pr~-~,ence of self-reactive cytotoxic T iymphocytes during murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis Decreased expression of H-2 antigens following acute measles virus infection A simple method of estimating fifty percent end points hlunone response geue products (la antigens) on gliai and endothelial cells in virus induced demyelination Intracellular v-interferon triggers an antiviral state in transformed L cells Immune response (It) gene of the murine major histocompatibility complex Interlenkin 4 (IgGI induction factor): a multifunctional lymphokin acting also on T cells Clonal analysis of cytolytic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis of target cells with inducible antigen expression: correlation between antigen density and requirement for Ly-2/3 function l~e cytotoxic response to murine cytomegalovirus. I. Induction of la antigen expression on astrocytes T cells via in-anune interferon and its effect on antigen presentation Retrovirus induced changes in major histocompatibility complex antigen expression influence susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes The endothelium-astrocyte immune control system Cell mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus-infected target cells Conjugation of antibodies with fluorochromes: modrficat!ous to the standard methods Viral induced autoimmnnity: monoclonai antibb.lies that react with endocrine tissues Multiple organ-re.~ctive monoclonal autoantibodies Expression of la antigens by cultured estrocytes treated with y-interferon Quantitative variation in la antigen expression plays a central role in immune regulation Effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 on surface expression of class ! keywords: activity; antibodies; antigen; astrocytes; brain; cba; cells; class; cns; complex; cultures; cytotoxic; data; effect; et al; expression; fig; h-2; h-2i; hb-3; histocompatibility; ifn; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; interferon; line; lysis; major; mcab; medium; mhc; mice; mouse; multiple; murine; nile; normal; poly; reactive; recognition; regulate; regulation; release; response; specific; spleen; stimulators; supernatants; surface; table; target; titers; type; viral; virus; west; wnv; wsn cache: cord-007654-lchdm4xr.txt plain text: cord-007654-lchdm4xr.txt item: #68 of 445 id: cord-007664-c5snhymz author: Mauerhoff, Thekla title: Differential expression and regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products in neural and glial cells of the human fetal brain date: 2002-11-13 words: 4676 flesch: 40 summary: Our previous work has clearly indicated that human endocrine cells have different sensitivities to the in vitro effect of lympho/monokines with regard to the induction of HLA class II expression. Referring to class II molecules, our results agree with the generally accepted concept that cells of the neuronal lineage are refractory to the effect of available modulators, alone or in combinations, on the levels of HLA class II expression regardless of the species employed (Wong et ai., 1985) . keywords: able; antibodies; antigens; astrocytes; autoimmune; brain; cells; class; class ii; complex; culture; days; different; differential; effect; endocrine; endothelial; et al; expression; factor; fetal; fig; gamma; gfap; glial; goat; hla; human; ifn; ii expression; increase; induction; interferon; islet; layer; membrane; mhc; moab; molecules; monoclonal; mouse; neurons; oligodendrocytes; positive; present; primary; products; protein; regulation; results; sections; specific; staining; surface; system; thyroid; tissue; tnf; tumour; types cache: cord-007664-c5snhymz.txt plain text: cord-007664-c5snhymz.txt item: #69 of 445 id: cord-007689-0vpp3xdl author: Schlee, M. title: Beyond Double-Stranded RNA-Type I IFN Induction by 3pRNA and Other Viral Nucleic Acids date: 2007 words: 7770 flesch: 38 summary: With notable exceptions such as the Picornavirus family (see below), viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) initiate polymerase activity de novo, without a specific primer (Kao et al. 2001) . Both activated PKR and OAS were found to block translation of viral RNA by distinct mechanisms. keywords: 3prna; acid; activation; activity; antiviral; bridge; cells; colleagues; compartment; contrast; cpg; cytosolic; deficient; dendritic; dependent; detection; different; dna; double; dsrna; et al; evidence; expression; gene; group; helicase; hornung; host; human; ifn; immune; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; irf3; kinase; ligand; like; long; mammalian; mda-5; mice; mitochondrial; modifications; molecular; myd88; note; nucleic; nucleoside; overexpression; pdcs; pkr; plasmacytoid; poly; polymerase; production; protein; receptor; recognition; replication; response; responsible; rig; rna; rnas; role; self; sensing; sequence; short; signaling; single; sirna; sledz; small; specific; strand; studies; study; synthesis; synthetic; system; tlr3; tlr7; tlr9; tlrs; toll; transcription; transcripts; triphosphate; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-007689-0vpp3xdl.txt plain text: cord-007689-0vpp3xdl.txt item: #70 of 445 id: cord-007696-83v9yfa6 author: Zisman, David A. title: Pulmonary Fibrosis date: 2005 words: 14011 flesch: 32 summary: An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data Rising mortality from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis Cigarette smoking: a risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Occupational exposure to metal or wood dust and aetiology of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis Diabetes mellitus may increase risk for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Predicting survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: scoring system and survival model Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: relationship between histopathologic features and mortality Clinical significance of histological classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia Survival in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a population-based cohort study The prognostic significance of the histologic pattern of interstitial pneumonia in patients presenting with the clinical entity of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis Determinants of survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Cigarette smoke inhibits lung fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis The role of gastroesophageal reflux in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Increased prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Exposure to commonly prescribed drugs and the etiology of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a case-control study Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter casecontrol study. Collaborating Centers Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and Epstein-Barr virus: an association? Epstein-Barr virus replication within pulmonary epithelial cells in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis The detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis A rearranged form of Epstein-Barr virus DNA is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Herpesvirus DNA is consistently detected in lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hepatitis C virus infection Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection in Italian patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and high prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus Detection of adenovirus E1A DNA in pulmonary fibrosis using nested polymerase chain reaction Usual interstitial pneumonia following Texas A2 influenza infection Clinical course, management, and long-term sequelae of respiratory failure due to influenza viral pneumonia Studies on influenza in the pandemic of 1957-1958. keywords: addition; agents; alveolar; alveolitis; analysis; antifibrotic; apoptosis; associated; authors; aza; balf; beta; biopsy; bleomycin; cases; cause; cells; cellular; change; chest; chronic; clinical; colchicine; collagen; colleagues; conventional; cryptogenic; cytokine; data; diagnosis; diffuse; disease; disorders; dose; dust; early; effects; efficacy; epithelial; evidence; exposure; expression; factor; failure; features; fibroblast; fibrosing; fibrosis; fibrotic; findings; following; function; gene; genetic; group; growth; heart; high; histological; histopathological; history; hrct; human; idiopathic; idiopathic pulmonary; ifn; iips; important; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibits; injury; interferon; interstitial; interstitial lung; interstitial pneumonia; investigators; ipf; ipf patients; lack; levels; lung; lung disease; lung fibrosis; mice; model; mortality; mrna; nonspecific; nsip; oral; oxygen; pathogenesis; patients; pattern; physiological; pirfenidone; pneumonia; population; possible; potential; prednisone; presence; prevalence; process; production; prognosis; progression; proliferation; prospective; protein; pulmonary; pulmonary fibrosis; radiographic; randomized; recent; receptor; reported; respiratory; response; results; risk; role; score; separate; serum; severe; significant; smoking; society; specific; states; studies; study; surgical; survival; synthesis; tgf; therapeutic; therapy; time; tissue; tnf; transplantation; treatment; trial; type; uip; united; usual; virus; vitro; γ1b cache: cord-007696-83v9yfa6.txt plain text: cord-007696-83v9yfa6.txt item: #71 of 445 id: cord-007783-z1vv63u2 author: Nielsen, Claus H. title: Immunoregulation by Naturally Occurring and Disease-Associated Autoantibodies: Binding to Cytokines and Their Role in Regulation of T-Cell Responses date: 2012-08-17 words: 6463 flesch: 35 summary: It is unclear whether preexisting anti-cytokine NAbs play a role in this regard, but they are probably not without importance, considering the high avidity and high titers of some of these NAbs (discussed above). Cell-associated IL-1 is biologically active, and its biological activities are neutralized by antibodies to IL-1 , including IgG anti-IL-1 NAbs, but not by antibodies against IL-1 . keywords: affinity; alpha; antibody; antigen; arthritis; autoantibodies; autoimmune; avidity; b cells; binding; blood; cases; cells; chemokines; chronic; colony; complement; complexes; csf; cytokines; dabs; development; disease; disorders; donors; effects; example; factor; formation; fragments; granulocyte; healthy; high; human; ics; idr; ifn; igg; igm; il-1; il-17a; il-6; il-8; immunoinflammatory; individuals; infections; interferon; ivig; levels; likely; macrophage; mbp; molecules; nabs; natural; neutralizing; normal; patients; peroxidase; presence; presentation; production; protein; reactive; receptor; recognition; recombinant; region; response; role; self; sera; serum; specific; syndrome; thyroglobulin; thyroid; titers; tolerance; tpo; type cache: cord-007783-z1vv63u2.txt plain text: cord-007783-z1vv63u2.txt item: #72 of 445 id: cord-007796-zggk0x2q author: Lindemans, Caroline A. title: The Immune Response to Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection date: 2005 words: 9805 flesch: 32 summary: Predictive value for subsequent development of persistent wheezing Are we ready for universal influenza vaccination in paediatrics? Concurrent serious bacterial infections in 2396 infants and children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections Specific inhibition of type I interferon signal transduction by respiratory syncytial virus Viral evolution toward change in receptor usage: Adaptation of a major group human rhinovirus to grow in ICAM-1-negative cells Eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen Latency and persistence of respiratory syncytial virus despite T cell immunity IFNgamma mediates a novel antiviral activity through dynamic modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression Viral infections in obstructive airway diseases Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7 How viruses enter animal cells Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Disease severity, interleukin-8, and virus genotype Respiratory virus infections in the immunocompromised host Suppression of the induction of alpha, beta, and gamma interferons by the NS1 and NS2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus in human epithelial cells and macrophages Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: The ups and downs of a seasonal virus Respiratory syncytial virus enhances the expression of CD11b molecules and the generation of superoxide anion by human eosinophils primed with platelet-activating factor Association between common Toll-like receptor 4 mutations and severe respiratory syncytial virus disease Time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infants Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants Respiratory syncytial virus inhibits apoptosis and induces NF-kappa B activity through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway Identification of NF-kappaB-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells CX3C chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein Respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with phagocyte defects A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease An update on the pathophysiology of rhinovirus upper respiratory tract infections Viral lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children Replication and clearance of respiratory syncytial virus: Apoptosis is an important pathway of virus clearance after experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus Viral induction of a chronic asthma phenotype and genetic segregation from the acute response The interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection Respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin A and E isotypes to the F and G proteins and to intact virus after natural infection Community respiratory viruses: Organ transplant recipients Respiratory outcomes in high-risk children 7 to 10 years after prophylaxis with respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children Immune responses to adenoviruses: Viral evasion mechanisms and their implications for the clinic Paramyxoviridae use distinct virusspecific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: An observational study Impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis is likely to be crucial to the improvement of immunotherapies for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory tract infections. In solid organ transplant patients, respiratory virus infections are also associated with a higher incidence of rejection (Wendt, 1997) . keywords: activation; activity; acute; adaptive; adenovirus; age; airway; antibodies; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; asthma; bronchiolitis; cause; cd8ϩ; cells; cellular; chemokine; children; clearance; clinical; common; cytokines; dendritic; development; disease; effective; effects; entry; eosinophil; epithelial; epithelial cells; et al; evidence; expression; factor; family; fusion; gene; genetic; group; higher; hmpv; host; human; ifn-; immune; immunity; important; individuals; induced; induction; infants; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; innate; interferon; life; likely; long; lower; lower respiratory; lung; major; mechanisms; mice; neutrophils; number; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pneumonia; presentation; primary; production; protein; receptor; related; replication; respiratory; respiratory infections; respiratory syncytial; respiratory tract; respiratory virus; response; responsible; result; rhinovirus; risk; rna; role; rsv; rsv infection; sars; severe; specific; studies; study; subtypes; surface; symptoms; syncytial; syncytial virus; system; th1; th2; tract; tract infections; transcription; transmission; treatment; type; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; vitro; wheezing; year cache: cord-007796-zggk0x2q.txt plain text: cord-007796-zggk0x2q.txt item: #73 of 445 id: cord-007890-bie1veti author: None title: ECC-4 Abstracts date: 2002-04-16 words: 86133 flesch: 45 summary: On the whole, E. coli showed an elevated sensitivity rate ( !/90% of tested strains) to nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, amikacin, and 2nd-and 3rd-generation cephalosporins, while only amoxicillin and piperacillin had a mean resistance rate !/30 % for M41L, D67N, K103N, M184V, L210W, T215YF, and for L10I, M36I, L63P, A71VT, L90M for P Inhibitors (PI). keywords: -test; /10; 1st; 2nd; 3rd; abdominal; abscess; absence; academy; acid; acinetobacter; action; active; activities; activity; acute; acv; acyclovir; addition; adherence; administration; admission; adult patients; adults; adverse; aeruginosa; affected; agar; aged; agents; aids; aim; aims; albicans; alternative; amb; amikacin; aminoglycosides; amoxicillin; amphotericin; amplification; amx; anaerobic; analysis; animals; antibacterial; antibiotic; antibiotic resistance; antibiotic therapy; antibiotic treatment; antibodies; antibody; antifungal; antigen; antimicrobial; antimicrobial resistance; antiretroviral; antiviral; applied; approach; appropriate; area; arthritis; aspergillus; assay; associated; association; atb; athens; atypical; auc; aureus; aureus strains; available; average; azithromycin; aztreonam; b b; b á; b/0.001; b/0.05; bacilli; bacillus; background; bacteria; bactericidal; bacteriological; baseline; basis; baumanii; bcr; best; beta; better; bid; biochemical; biofilm; biomerieux; biopsy; blood; body; bologna; bone; brazil; brivudin; broad; bronchial; broth; brucella; brucellosis; bulgaria; c b; calcutta; cancer; candida; cap; carbapenems; care; cases; catarrhalis; catheter; causative; cause; cd4; cdad; cefepime; cefotaxime; ceftazidime; ceftriaxone; cells; center; central; centre; cephalosporins; cfu; cfx; changes; characteristics; chemotherapy; chest; children; chloramphenicol; choice; chronic; ciprofloxacin; cirrhosis; city; clarithromycin; clavulanate; clavulanic; clearance; clindamycin; clinical; clinical isolates; clinical microbiology; clinical strains; cloacae; cmd; cmv; cns; coagulase; cocci; coli; coli strains; colistin; collected; colonies; colonization; colony; combination; combined; common; community; comparable; comparison; complete; compliance; complicated; complications; compounds; concentrations; concern; conclusion; conditions; consecutive; consumption; continued; control; copd; copies; core; correlation; cost; cotrimoxazole; count; course; criteria; cross; crp; csf; cultures; cure; d b; daily; data; database; days; ddst; december; decrease; decreasing; delay; department; dependent; detection; determination; determined; development; diagnosis; diarrhoea; differences; different; difficile; diffusion; dilution; direct; disc; discussion; disease; disk; distribution; dna; dosage; dose; dosing; double; doxycycline; drug; drug resistance; duration; e b; early; echinococcosis; economic; effect; effective; effectiveness; efficacy; efficiency; efflux; elderly; elevated; emergence; empirical; endemic; endocarditis; enteric; enterobacteriaceae; enterococcus; enzyme; epidemiological; epidermidis; episodes; eradication; erythromycin; esbl; escherichia; essential; etiology; europe; european; evaluation; events; evidence; exacerbations; examination; excellent; expected; experimental; exposure; expression; extended; extensive; f b; factors; faculty; faecalis; faecium; failure; family; favorable; features; female; fever; findings; fluconazole; fluid; fluoroquinolones; following; follows; form; france; french; frequencies; frequency; frequent; function; fungal; fungi; furazolidone; g b; garcia; gatifloxacin; gdc; gel; general; generation; genes; genotype; gentamicin; germany; gfx; global; glu; glycopeptides; good; gps; gram; greater; greece; group; group b; growth; guidelines; haart; haemophilus; half; hav; hbeag; hbv; hcc; hcv; health; hepatic; hepatitis; herpes; hgv; high; high resistance; higher; highest; history; hiv; hiv patients; hiv-1; hospital; hospitalization; host; hsv; human; hungary; hygiene; i.v; icu; icu patients; identification; ifn; iii; illness; imipenem; immunocompromised; immunological; impact; important; improvement; incidence; increase; incubation; index; india; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; influence; influenza; information; infusion; inhibition; inhibitory; initial; institute; integrons; intensive; interaction; interferon; intermediate; internal; interpretation; intestinal; intravenous; introduction; invasive; investigation; involvement; ioannina; iran; islamic; isolates; isolation; istanbul; italy; j b; january; june; kansasi; killing; klebsiella; l b; laboratory; lactamase; lactams; lamivudine; large; lead; length; lesions; level; levofloxacin; lfx; life; like; limited; linezolid; liver; load; local; london; long; longer; loss; lower; lrti; lumbar; lung; lzd; m b; macrolides; madrid; main; major; majority; malaria; male; maltophilia; management; march; marked; markers; mass; material; mean; measures; mechanisms; median; medical; medicine; medium; meningitis; meropenem; methicillin; methods; metronidazole; mic90; mice; microbiological; microbiology; microdilution; microorganisms; mics; middle; midecamycin; mild; milk; minimum; minocycline; model; moderate; molecular; monitoring; monotherapy; months; morbidity; mortality; moscow; mothers; moxifloxacin; mrsa; mrsa strains; mssa; multi; multidrug; multiple; multiresistant; muscle; mutant; mutations; mycobacterium; national; nccls; necessary; need; negative; neisseria; neonatal; netilmicin; neutropenic patients; new; newborns; newer; nitric; nitrofurantoin; non; norfloxacin; normal; nosocomial; novel; number; objective; observation; observed; oil; old; onset; optimal; oral; order; organisms; oseltamivir; osteoarticular; outbreak; outcome; outpatient; overall; oxacillin; oxide; p c; parameters; pathogens; pathology; patients; pattern; pb/; pcr; pct; peak; pediatric; penicillin; percent; percentages; period; peripheral; pertussis; pharmacodynamic; pharmacokinetic; pharmacology; pharmacy; pharyngitis; phase; phenotype; physicians; piperacillin; plasma; plasmid; plates; pneumococcal; pneumoniae; point; poland; policy; poor; population; positive; positive patients; positive strains; possible; post; potential; predictive; predominant; preliminary; prescriptions; presence; present; present study; presentation; prevalence; prevention; previous; primary; prior; problem; production; products; profile; proliferation; prolonged; prophylaxis; proportion; prospective; protease; protein; proteus; pseudomonas; pts; public; pulmonary; purpose; pyogenes; randomized; range; rapid; rare; rate; reaction; recent; recommendations; reduced; reference; reflux; regimen; regions; related; relationship; renal; replication; reported; reports; republic; research; resistance; resistance rates; resistant bacteria; resistant isolates; resistant s.; resistant staphylococcus; resistant strains; respiratory; response; responsible; results; retrospective; reverse; rifampicin; right; risk; rna; roche; rods; role; romania; routine; rpr132552; rpr202868; russian; s b; s. aureus; safety; salmonella; samples; school; sciences; screening; second; secretions; selective; sensitive; sensitivity; sepsis; series; serological; serotype; serum; service; severe; severity; sex; sheep; short; significant; signs; similar; single; sinusitis; site; skin; slovakia; society; sofia; soft; sorocaba; sources; spain; species; specific; specificity; specimens; spectrum; spp; spread; sputum; staff; standard; staphylococcus; state; status; stay; stool; strains; streptococcus; streptogramin; streptomycin; structure; students; studies; study; subjects; success; suffering; suitable; sulbactam; surgery; surgical; surveillance; survey; susceptibility; susceptible; susceptible strains; sustained; swabs; symptomatic; symptoms; syndrome; synergy; synthesis; system; systemic; tau; tazobactam; teaching; tehran; teicoplanin; telithromycin; tested; testing; tetracycline; th1; therapeutic; therapy; thrombocytopenia; time; tissue; tobramycin; tolerability; total; tract; tract infection; treatment; trends; trial; trimethoprim; ttv; tuberculosis; tunisia; turkey; type; typhi; typhus; typing; underlying; underwent; units; university; university hospital; unknown; upper; urealyticum; urinary; urine; use; useful; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; values; vancomycin; vap; variation; varicella; ventilation; viral; virus; viruses; visa; visit; vitro; vivo; volunteers; vor; wall; warsaw; weeks; weight; wide; women; work; wound; xrp2868; years; zone; zoster; á/10; á/2001 cache: cord-007890-bie1veti.txt plain text: cord-007890-bie1veti.txt item: #74 of 445 id: cord-008761-b36x05fn author: Billiau, A. title: The interferon system as a basis for antiviral therapy or prophylaxis date: 2012-02-26 words: 2468 flesch: 42 summary: Interferon therapy has a l so been considered as a possible means to cope with the increased incidence and severity of viral infections in renal transplant patients (31) ; it appears that interferon therapy reduces virus-shedding as well as the severity of symptoms of CMV infections. may enable one to target an interferon to a specific , The main lesson to be learned from these experiments is that interferon therapy is unlikely to achieve protective effects unless started before the major viral replication burst in the organism. keywords: activity; acute; animal; antiviral; brain; cells; chains; chronic; clinical; different; disease; e.coli; effects; experiments; genes; huifn; human; ifn; infections; interferon; main; natural; particular; patients; preparations; production; rdd; replication; studies; symptoms; system; therapy; treatment; types; virus; viruses cache: cord-008761-b36x05fn.txt plain text: cord-008761-b36x05fn.txt item: #75 of 445 id: cord-008821-rxzgfk1k author: A. Lucchiari, Maria title: In vivo depletion of interferon-gamma leads to susceptibility of A/J mice to mouse hepatitis virus 3 infection date: 2011-11-02 words: 2419 flesch: 33 summary: Beside the direct evidence that IFN -y depleted mice became susceptible to MHV3 infection, our findings show the crucial intervention of CD4 and CDS lymphocytes by one of their products, the IFN-y, in the development of AI] mice resistance to MHV3 infection. V. Protective role in mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection of susceptible and resistant strains of mice Acquired immunity dependence of A/J mice resistance to mouse hepatitis virus 3 infection: dependence on interferon gamma synthesis and macrophage sensitivity to interferon gamma Induction of maloney murine sarcoma virus tolerance in adult mice by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment Roles of CD4-and CD8-bearing T lymphocytes in the immune response to erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium chabaudi Effective clearance of mouse hepatitis virus from the central nervous system requires both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells Differential regulation of class II MHC determinants on macrophages by IFN gamma and IL-4 Induction of crisis forms in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum by gamma interferon activated, monocyte macrophages Identification of interferon gamma as the lymphokine that activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity Activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo by interferon gamma Induction of natural killer cells and interferon during mouse hepatitis virus infection of resistant and susceptible inbred mouse strains Monoclonal antibody to murine gamma interferon inhibits lymphokine-induced antiviral and macrophage tumoricidal activities Therapy with monoclonal antibodies by elimination of T-cell subsets in vivo Inhibition of mouse hepatitis virus type 3 multiplication in activated Kupffer cells. keywords: animals; antibodies; cd4; cd8; cds; cells; days; gamma; hepatitis; ifn; infection; interferon; lymphocytes; macrophages; mhv3; mice; monoclonal; mouse; peritoneal; pfu; resistance; role; susceptibility; susceptible; synthesis; type; virus; vivo cache: cord-008821-rxzgfk1k.txt plain text: cord-008821-rxzgfk1k.txt item: #76 of 445 id: cord-009567-osstpum6 author: None title: Abstracts Oral date: 2008-04-23 words: 131515 flesch: 49 summary: This graft infiltration by recipient cells was more pronounced with vascularized skin grafts, and to a higher degree in heart transplants. Recipient cells similarly infiltrated allogeneic grafts early on and in larger numbers than for syngeneic grafts by day 4/5 post-transplantation. keywords: + +; -/and; 24h; a20; a2all; ability; abmr; abo; absence; abstracts; accelerated; accepted; access; accumulation; accuracy; acid; activated; activation; activity; acute; acute rejection; addition; adherence; adjusted; administration; adoptive; adult; adverse; african; age; aged; agents; aih; aim; albumin; ald; alemtuzumab; alf; alive; alloag; alloantibody; alloantigen; allocation; allogeneic; allograft; allograft function; allograft recipients; allograft rejection; allograft survival; alloimmune; alloreactive; allospecific; american; amr; analysis; animals; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; apc; apcs; apolt; apoptosis; apoptotic; apoptotic cells; approach; artery; assay; assessment; associated; association; atg; atrophy; auc; available; average; aza; b cells; background; baff; balb; baseline; basiliximab; bcl; bead; benefit; best; better; bile; biliary; binding; biomarkers; biopsies; biopsy; bkv; blockade; blocking; blood; blood group; bm12; bmi; bone; bos; c mice; c4d; c57bl/6; c5ar; cadaveric; calcineurin; calculated; cam; cancer; candidates; capable; capacity; cardiac; cardiovascular; care; cases; caucasian; cause; cav; ccr5; ccr7; cd103; cd11c; cd138; cd154; cd20; cd25; cd28; cd3; cd4; cd4 t; cd4+cd25; cd40; cd45rb; cd62l; cd8; cd80; cd86; cdc; cell activation; cell function; cell levels; cell proliferation; cell response; cell survival; cells specific; cellular; cellular rejection; center; cfse; chains; changes; characteristics; characterized; chemokine; children; chimeras; chimeric; chimerism; chronic; chronic allograft; chronic rejection; cinacalcet; cirrhosis; cirrhotic; class; clinical; cmv; cni; cohort; cold; collected; combination; combined; common; community; comparable; comparison; complement; complete; complications; conclusion; confirm; consecutive; consistent; continued; contrast; control; control group; conventional; conversion; converted; correlate; correlation; cost; costimulatory; course; cox; cpg; creatinine; criteria; critical; cross; crossmatch; csa; ctla4; cultured; cumulative; current; cvd; cve; cyclosporine; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxic; daclizumab; daily; damage; dap12; data; database; days; days post; dba/2; dcd; dcs; death; deceased donor; decline; decreased; deficient; degree; delayed; demographic; dendritic cells; department; dependent; depletion; deposition; dept; detectable; detection; determined; development; dgf; diabetes; diabetic; diagnosis; dialysis; differences; different; differentiation; diminished; discontinuation; disease; dln; dn t; dna; donation; donor; donor age; donor cd4; donor cells; donor kidney; donor liver; donor renal; donor specific; donor t; donor transplant; dose; dosing; double; draining; drug; dsa; duration; dysfunction; early; ebv; ecd; effect; effective; effector; effector cells; efficacy; egfr; elevated; elisa; elispot; emt; endothelial; engraftment; enhanced; episodes; epithelial cells; erk; es cells; esrd; established; evaluation; events; evidence; excellent; exchange; exosomes; expansion; expected; experience; exposure; expression; extent; facs; factors; failure; family; fashion; fasl; fcxm; features; female; fewer; fibrosis; figure; final; findings; flow; fold; follow; following; form; foxp3; foxp3 expression; free; frequency; function; functioning; future; galt; gender; gene; general; generation; genetic; genotype; gfp; gfr; gils; glomerular; glucose; goal; good; grade; graft; graft biopsies; graft failure; graft function; graft loss; graft outcome; graft rejection; graft survival; greater; group; grp; gtko; h-2; h60; half; hand; hcc; hcv; hdaf; health; heart; heart transplant; help; hepatic; hepatitis; hepatocellular; hepatocytes; heterotopic; high; higher; highest; histological; histology; history; hla; ho-1; hospital; host; hours; hpsc; hrqol; hrs; human; humoral; hypertension; hypothesis; i.v; iak; ibd; identical; ido; ieq; ifn; ifng; ifnγ; igg; iii; il-10; il-2; il-4; il-6; imaging; immune; immunity; immunohistochemistry; immunological; immunosuppression; impact; impaired; important; improved; improvement; incidence; incompatible; increase; independence; indeterminate; index; indirect; individual; induced; induction; infected; infection; infiltrates; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; information; infusion; inhibited; inhibitor; inhibits; initial; injury; inkt; innate; institute; institution; insulin; insurance; interaction; interferon; interstitial; intestinal; intragraft; introduction; investigated; iri; isa247; ischemia; islet; islet allograft; islet transplant; isolated; ivig; january; john; kdr; key; kidney; kidney allograft; kidney cells; kidney function; kidney graft; kidney recipients; kidney transplant; kidney tx; kinase; kinetics; known; ktx; laboratory; lack; large; large t; later; ldlt; lead; left; length; lesions; leukocyte; levels; lfa-1; likely; limited; lipid; list; listing; little; liver; liver allografts; liver disease; liver graft; liver recipients; liver transplantation; living; lmp1; load; local; logistic; long; longer; loss; low; lower; lps; lsecs; lt recipients; ltx; luminex; lung; lung transplant; lymphocytes; lymphoid; m290; mab; machine; macrophage; maintenance; major; majority; male; marked; markers; marrow; marrow cells; mass; matches; maturation; mcp; mdc; mean; measured; mechanisms; median; medical; medications; medicine; meld; memory; memory t; mesangial; methods; mhc; mice; microarray; migration; mild; min/1.73; minimal; minutes; mismatched; mixed; mlr; mmf; model; moderate; modification; mofetil; molecular; molecules; monitoring; monoclonal; monocytes; mononuclear; monotherapy; months; months post; morbidity; mortality; mouse; mrna; mst; mths; multiple; multivariate; murine; mycophenolate; myd88; n=1; n=2; n=3; n=5; n=6; n=8; national; natural; naïve; necessary; necrosis; need; negative; nephropathy; network; neutrophil; new; nk cells; non; normal; novel; novo; number; objective; observed; occurring; older; olt; ongoing; onset; operational; operative; optimal; organ; organ transplant; orthotopic; outcomes; overall; ox40; p<0.001; p<0.05; paec; pairs; pancreas; panel; parameters; partial; particular; party; pathogenesis; pathology; pathway; patient survival; patients; patterns; pbmc; pcr; pd-1; pdc; peak; pediatric; peptide; percentage; performance; period; peripheral; persistent; pfd; phase; phenotype; physical; pig; pittsburgh; pkcθ; plasma; plasma cells; platelets; pod; point; policy; poor; population; porcine; positive; possible; post; post transplant; post transplantation; potential; pra; practice; predictive; predictors; prednisone; pregnancy; preliminary; presence; present; preservation; pressure; prevalence; prevention; previous; primary; priming; prior; procedure; process; production; profile; program; progressive; proliferation; prolonged; promoter; properties; proportion; prospective; protein; proteinuria; protocol; proven; ptdm; ptld; pts; purified; purpose; pvb19; qft; quality; quantitative; r348; race; randomized; range; rapa; rapamycin; rapid; rates; ratg; reaction; recent; receptor; recipient cells; recipients; recovery; recurrence; reduced; regimen; region; registry; regression; regulation; regulatory; regulatory cells; rejecting; rejection; rejection episodes; rejection patients; rejection rates; related; relationship; relative; relevant; relt; renal; renal allograft; renal function; renal transplant; renal transplantation; reperfusion; replication; reported; research; resistant; respect; response; results; retrospective; review; rise; risk; risk patients; rituximab; role; rtx; samples; sap; score; scr; screening; secondary; secretion; self; sensitivity; sensitized; sensitized patients; sequential; sera; serum; severe; severity; sex; short; shows; signaling; signals; significant; signs; similar; simultaneous; single; sinusoidal; sirna; sirolimus; site; size; skin; small; solid; solution; source; specific; specific cd8; specificity; spk; spleen; splenic; splenocytes; split; srl; stable; stable graft; stable patients; stage; staining; standard; stat1; statistical; status; stay; steroids; stimulated; stimulation; strain; strategies; strategy; stress; strong; studies; study; subjects; subsequent; subsets; successful; summary; superior; support; suppressive; surface; surgery; surgical; survey; survival; survival benefit; survival rates; survival time; sustained; syndrome; syngeneic; system; t antigen; t cells; tace; tacrolimus; target; targeting; tcmr; tcr; tcrβ; term; term graft; term survival; test; testing; tgf; tgfβ; th17; therapeutic; therapy; thrombosis; thymoglobulin; time; tissue; tissue cells; tlr4; tlr4ko; tnf; tnfα; tolerance; tolerant; tolerogenic; total; toxicity; transcription; transcripts; transduced; transferred; transgenic; transition; transplant; transplant centers; transplant model; transplant outcomes; transplant patients; transplant recipients; transplant rejection; transplant survival; transplant tolerance; transplantation; treated; treatment; treg; treg cells; trend; trial; trough; tst; tubular; tubular cells; tumor; tx patients; tx recipients; type; unclear; underwent; unique; united; univariate; university; unknown; untreated; upregulated; urinary; use; utility; vad; value; variables; vascular; vasculopathy; vegfr2; viral; virus; vitro; vivo; volume; vs.; waiting; waitlist; warm; weeks; weight; western; wild; withdrawal; women; work; worse; year; year graft; year post; yrs; zdcyd cache: cord-009567-osstpum6.txt plain text: cord-009567-osstpum6.txt item: #77 of 445 id: cord-009813-o8ai730r author: Wang, Wei title: Major vault protein plays important roles in viral infection date: 2019-11-26 words: 4566 flesch: 16 summary: The drug resistance-related protein LRP is the human major vault protein The 193-kD vault protein, VPARP, is a novel poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase Characterization of MVP and VPARP assembly into vault ribonucleoprotein complexes Vaults and telomerase share a common subunit, TEP1 Vaults are upregulated in multidrugresistant cancer cell lines Evidence that vault ribonucleoprotein particles localize to the nuclear pore complex Characterization of the sea urchin major vault protein: A possible role for vault ribonucleoprotein particles in nucleocytoplasmic transport Mechanisms underlying lung resistance-related protein (LRP)-mediated doxorubicin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells Molecular basis for the expression of major vault protein induced by hyperosmotic stress in SW620 human colon cancer cells Major vault protein (MVP) gene polymorphisms and drug resistance in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis Major vault protein, in concert with constitutively photomorphogenic 1, negatively regulates c-Jun-mediated activator protein 1 transcription in mammalian cells PTEN associates with the vault particles in HeLa cells Crosstalk between Src and major vault protein in epidermal growth factordependent cell signalling The major vault protein is responsive to and interferes with interferon-gamma-mediated STAT1 signals Phosphatase and Tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has nuclear localization signal-like sequences for nuclear import mediated by major vault protein Lung resistance-related protein as a predictor of clinical outcome in advanced testicular germcell tumours On the role of major vault protein in the resistance of senescent human diploid fibroblasts to apoptosis Listeria and autophagy escape: Involvement of InlK, an internalin-like protein Host resistance to lung infection mediated by major vault protein in epithelial cells Evaluation of MDR1, LRP, MRP, and topoisomerase IIalpha gene mRNA transcripts before and after interferonalpha, and correlation with the mRNA expression level of the telomerase subunits hTERTand TEP1 in five unselected human melanoma cell lines Innate immunity to virus infection Pathogen recognition and innate immunity RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5 0 -phosphates Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense Convergence of the NF-kappaB and IRF pathways in the regulation of the innate antiviral response Toll-like receptors in innate immunity The immunobiology of the TLR9 subfamily Pattern recognition receptors and control of adaptive immunity A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response Inducible major vault protein plays a pivotal role in double-stranded RNA-or virus-induced Proinflammatory response NF-kappaB regulation in the immune system IKK-1 and IKK-2: Cytokine-activated IkappaB kinases essential for NF-kappaB activation Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: New estimates of agespecific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity Time trends of chronic HBV infection over prior decades-A global analysis Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A systematic review of data published between Hepatitis B virus infection An overview of the immune system The role of interferon in cancer therapy: 99 HIV infected immune cells, including monocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, act as stable rival reservoirs, 100 and are main barrier to F I G U R E 2 MVP plays a pivotal role in the proinflammatory response caused by (−) ssRNA viral infection eradicate virus by antiviral therapy. keywords: antiviral; ap-1; binding; cancer; cells; chromosome; chronic; complex; cystatin; cytoplasm; dependent; diseases; dsrna; ebpβ; effect; expression; factor; fos; gene; global; hbsag; hbv; hcv; hepatitis; hev; hiv-1; host; human; iav; ifn; il-6; il-8; immune; important; induced; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interferon; jun; kinase; like; liver; macrophages; major; mvp; myd88; nuclear; pathway; patients; production; proinflammatory; protein; receptor; related; replication; resistance; response; rna; role; signal; silvestrol; stat-1; toll; transcription; treatment; type; vault; viral; viral infection; virus; viruses cache: cord-009813-o8ai730r.txt plain text: cord-009813-o8ai730r.txt item: #78 of 445 id: cord-011436-ud35mf5l author: Li, Yingying title: Interferon-λ Attenuates Rabies Virus Infection by Inducing Interferon-Stimulated Genes and Alleviating Neurological Inflammation date: 2020-04-06 words: 7463 flesch: 47 summary: Twenty fluorescent foci were examined to calculate the number of infected cells per fluorescent focus by using Image J software [31] . Taken together, these results suggest that expression of IFN-λ2 or IFN-λ3 inhibits RABV replication and spread in infected cells. keywords: activation; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assay; astrocytes; balb; barrier; bbb; blood; brain; cells; cultured; cytokines; data; differences; different; dmem; dpi; endothelial; epithelial; expression; fbs; ffu; figure; fitc; fluorescence; following; genes; groups; hpi; i.n; ifn; ifnλ2; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; interferon; isgs; isolated; lambda; levels; lower; luciferase; medium; mice; microglia; min; mock; mouse; mrna; old; pcr; permeability; primary; production; protein; qrt; rabies; rabv; rb2c; replication; results; role; rrabvs; signaling; significant; specific; study; supernatants; tissues; titers; type; usa; viral; virus; viruses; zo-1 cache: cord-011436-ud35mf5l.txt plain text: cord-011436-ud35mf5l.txt item: #79 of 445 id: cord-011438-imbpgsub author: Zhang, Yun title: Host–Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection date: 2020-03-29 words: 9339 flesch: 34 summary: hemagglutinin genes Nuclear traffic of influenza virus proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes A virus nucleoprotein induces apoptosis in human airway epithelial cells: Implications of a novel interaction between nucleoprotein and host protein Clusterin Autophagy induction regulates influenza virus replication in a time-dependent manner Antigen-specific B-cell receptor sensitizes B cells to infection by influenza virus Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection NKp46 O-Glycan Sequences That Are Involved in the Interaction with Hemagglutinin Type 1 of Influenza Virus Evasion of natural killer cells by influenza virus Respiratory Influenza Virus Infection Induces Memory-like Liver NK Cells in Mice Critical Role of Natural Killer Cells in Lung Immunopathology During Influenza Infection in Mice NK cells exacerbate the pathology of influenza virus infection in mice Swift and Strong NK Cell Responses Protect 129 Mice against High-Dose Influenza Virus Infection A Role for Neutrophils in Viral Respiratory Disease. keywords: acid; activation; activity; adaptive; addition; anti; antiviral; apoptosis; autophagy; avian; binding; caspase; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; complex; critical; cross; cytokines; dcs; death; degradation; dendritic; dependent; different; effective; entry; epithelial; essential; export; expression; factors; family; function; fusion; gene; genome; h1n1; h5n1; hemagglutinin; high; host; human; iav; iav infection; iavs; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; inhibition; innate; instance; interaction; interferon; kinase; like; lung; matrix; mechanisms; membrane; memory; mice; mitochondrial; multiple; neuraminidase; new; nlrp3; non; novel; ns1; nuclear; nucleoprotein; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathway; pb1; polymerase; prevent; production; protease; protein; reading; receptor; region; regulation; replication; respiratory; responses; review; rig; rna; role; segment; serine; signaling; single; sites; species; specific; strategies; structural; subtypes; swine; t cells; target; targeting; toll; transcription; transmission; type; ubiquitination; vaccine; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-011438-imbpgsub.txt plain text: cord-011438-imbpgsub.txt item: #80 of 445 id: cord-012418-6ralcn8p author: Schwanke, Hella title: Of Keeping and Tipping the Balance: Host Regulation and Viral Modulation of IRF3-Dependent IFNB1 Expression date: 2020-07-07 words: 15774 flesch: 31 summary: Due to repulsion caused by the newly acquired negative charges, IRF3 proteins could also dissociate from the adaptor complex before dimerisation and converge subsequently either (i) in the cytoplasm, (ii) after translocation into the nucleus or (iii) after engagement of coactivators during recruitment to the enhancer. Further, we will inspect the regulatory mechanisms of these steps imposed by the host cell and present the manifold strategies viruses have evolved to intervene with IFNβ transcription downstream of IRF3 activation in order to secure establishment of a productive infection. keywords: activation; active; activity; adaptor; addition; aie; antiviral; antiviral response; assembly; associated; association; auto; basal; beta; beta interferon; binding; cbp; cells; cellular; chromatin; cluster; coactivators; colleagues; complex; conditions; constitutively; contrast; creb; crucial; cytoplasm; dbd; degradation; dependent; different; dimerisation; dimers; distinct; dna; domain; early; elements; enhanceosome; enhancer; essential; evasion; example; expression; factor; family; formation; function; gene; gene expression; high; holocomplex; host; human; iad; ifn; ifn regulatory; ifn response; ifnb1; ifnb1 expression; ifnb1 transcription; ifnβ; immune; immune response; immunity; import; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; initial; innate; interaction; interferon; interferon regulatory; irf3; irf3 activation; irf3 activity; irf7; isoform; kinase; latent; later; levels; like; line; low; macrophages; mechanisms; modification; molecules; motif; murine; negative; non; nuclear; nucleus; order; p300; p50; p65; phosphorylation; potential; production; promoter; protein; recognition; recruitment; region; regulation; regulatory; regulatory factor; related; required; response; rna; role; second; sequence; signalling; similar; sites; specific; state; steps; stimulation; strategies; structural; studies; subunit; system; target; targeting; tbk1; terminal; transcription; transcription factor; translocation; type; ubiquitination; variant; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; way; yy1 cache: cord-012418-6ralcn8p.txt plain text: cord-012418-6ralcn8p.txt item: #81 of 445 id: cord-012497-n5pu1yeu author: Rogers, Meredith C. title: STAT2 Limits Host Species Specificity of Human Metapneumovirus date: 2020-07-04 words: 6426 flesch: 45 summary: We therefore inoculated STAT2 −/− mice with HMPV strain TN/94-49 and found that the virus grew to significantly higher titer in STAT2 −/− mice compared to STAT1 −/− or WT mice ( Figure 1A ). HMPV could be passaged mouse to mouse at low level detectable by qPCR in STAT1 -/mice, but we chose to pursue STAT2 based on our data showing higher replication in STAT2 −/− mice and the fact that the STAT2 protein is less conserved between human and mouse compared to STAT1. keywords: analysis; antagonism; cells; cytokine; data; day; deficient; disease; expression; figure; high; higher; hmpv; hmpv infection; homogenate; host; hstat2 ki; human; ifn; ifnα; immune; infected; infection; inflammation; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interferon; isgs; ki mice; lines; loss; low; lung; metapneumovirus; mice; moi; mouse; murine; pfu; phosphorylation; primate; protein; replication; respiratory; response; scientific; scores; signaling; socs1; species; specific; stat2; test; th2; thermo; tissue; titer; total; type; u6a; usa; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; weight; wt mice; −/− cache: cord-012497-n5pu1yeu.txt plain text: cord-012497-n5pu1yeu.txt item: #82 of 445 id: cord-012909-o6t2srim author: Chaudhari, Jayeshbhai title: Host Transcriptional Response to Persistent Infection with a Live-Attenuated Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain date: 2020-07-28 words: 9329 flesch: 38 summary: A portion of freshly isolated PBMCs were used for measurement of T cell responses while the rest of PBMCs were cryopreserved for future analysis. Briefly two replicates of 250,000 PBMCs or ILN cells freshly collected from each pig were plated into two wells of a 96-well plate with PVDF membrane that were coated with anti-porcine IFN-γ antibody. keywords: activation; acute; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; apoptosis; apoptotic; assay; attenuated; biological; cd200r; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; change; chemokines; complement; components; con90; control; crpmi; current; data; degs; development; differential; dna; dpi; elispot; exhaustion; expression; figure; flow; frequencies; functions; genes; genome; genomic; hand; high; host; humoral; ifn; iln; immune; immunity; important; increased; infected; infected pigs; infection; inhibitory; innate; interferon; levels; lower; lymphocytes; lymphoid; migration; molecular; molecules; mrna; neutralizing; number; pathway; pbmcs; persistent; pigs; plasma; porcine; porcine reproductive; production; protein; prrsv; reads; receptors; regulation; regulatory; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; results; rna; role; samples; sequencing; signaling; significant; specific; strain; study; surface; swine; syndrome; syndrome virus; system; table; terms; tissue; transcriptional; transcriptome; type; upregulated; usa; version; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-012909-o6t2srim.txt plain text: cord-012909-o6t2srim.txt item: #83 of 445 id: cord-013280-kczj24se author: Yang, Bo title: Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Escape for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus date: 2020-09-04 words: 11333 flesch: 41 summary: Recently, new mechanisms and functions of FMDV proteins inhibiting innate immunity have been discovered. This review summrized the molecular mechanisms of immune evasion caused by FMDV proteins. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; antiviral; apoptosis; associated; autophagy; binding; cells; cellular; cleavage; complex; cyclophilin; dctn3; ddx56; degradation; deletion; disease; disease virus; effect; eif4; escape; expression; factor; figure; fmdv; fmdv 3a; fmdv infection; fmdv l; fmdv protein; fmdv replication; foot; formation; fragment; function; gene; genome; host; host immune; host protein; ifn; immune; immune response; immunity; infection; inhibits; initiation; innate; innate immune; interaction; interferon; irf3; kinase; level; lgp2; like; mda5; mechanism; molecules; mouth; mouth disease; nod2; nuclear; pathway; phosphorylation; pkr; production; protease; protein; receptor; region; regulatory; related; replication; response; retinoic; rig; rna; role; sam68; signaling; site; structural; studies; study; synthesis; system; table; tbk1; transcription; translation; type; virulence; virus; virus replication; visa; vp0; vp1; vp2; vp3; vp4 cache: cord-013280-kczj24se.txt plain text: cord-013280-kczj24se.txt item: #84 of 445 id: cord-013481-3zwq67do author: Guo, Kejun title: Qualitative Differences Between the IFNα subtypes and IFNβ Influence Chronic Mucosal HIV-1 Pathogenesis date: 2020-10-16 words: 9586 flesch: 47 summary: Since IFNβ, and not IFNα, is upregulated during chronic HIV-1 infection in the gut, we compared core ISGs and IFNβ-specific ISGs from colon pinch biopsies of HIV-1-uninfected (n = 13) versus age- and gender-matched, antiretroviral-therapy naïve persons with HIV-1 (PWH; n = 19). In fact, IFNAR blockade during chronic HIV-1 infection in humanized mice restored immune function, leading to better HIV-1 control keywords: activation; activity; affinity; alpha; altered; analysis; antiviral; assay; beta; binding; biopsies; blood; canonical; cd4; cell; chronic; clinical; colon; concentrations; contrast; control; core; core isgs; counts; data; differences; differential; distinct; diverse; dna; donors; dose; effects; elevated; expression; fdr; fig; findings; fold; gender; genes; gut; gut cd4; gut ifnβ; higher; hiv-1; human; ifnar; ifnα; ifnα subtypes; ifnα14; ifnβ; il6; immune; individual; induction; infection; inflammation; inhibition; interferon; irgs; isg15; isgf3; isgs; isre; levels; lower; lpmcs; lps; macaques; majority; markers; mechanisms; mice; mock; mucosal; negative; normalized; pathways; pinch; plasma; potent; potential; primary; protein; pwh; qualitative; regulated; regulation; relative; response; results; rhesus; rnaseq; signaling; significant; similar; specific; specific isgs; strength; studies; study; subtypes; t cell; table; therapy; tissue; transcripts; uninfected; values; virus; vivo cache: cord-013481-3zwq67do.txt plain text: cord-013481-3zwq67do.txt item: #85 of 445 id: cord-015021-pol2qm74 author: None title: Third International Congress on the Immune Consequences of Trauma, Shock and Sepsis —Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches date: 1994 words: 162543 flesch: 45 summary: Ever since we know the role of endotoxins in the pathophysiology of sepsis, antibodies against the S-and R-LPS have also been detected in sepsis patients. In sepsis patients, the CD]4+/CD16+ cells can become a major population with more than 50% of all monocytes in 3 of 18 patients and with more than 500 cells/mm 3 in 4 of 18 cases. keywords: + +; 24h; 48h; abdominal; abdominal sepsis; ability; able; abnormalities; abscess; absence; absolute; account; accumulation; acid; acinar; activation; activities; activity; acts; acute; acute phase; addition; adequate; adherence; adherent; adhesion; administration; admission; adult; aeruginosa; affected; affinity; agents; aggressive; aim; albumin; alcohol; allogeneic; allograft; alpha; alterations; altered; alternative; alveolar; amino; amounts; analysis; anastomotic; anesthesia; anesthetized; animals; anova; antagonist; anti; antibiotics; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiinflammatory; antimicrobial; antioxidants; antisense; antithrombin; aorta; aortic; apache; apoptosis; apparent; appearance; application; approach; appropriate; ards; ards patients; area; arf; arginine; arterial; arterial blood; artery; assay; assayed; assessment; associated; association; atp; attempt; attention; augmented; autologous; available; b cells; baboons; bacteremia; bacterial; bacterial sepsis; bactericidal; balance; balb; barrier; basal; baseline; basis; beginning; beneficial; benefit; best; beta; better; bfgf; bgc; binding; bioassay; biochemical; biological; bleeding; blind; blockade; blocking; blood; blood cells; blood flow; blood levels; blood loss; blood mononuclear; blood pressure; blood samples; blood transfusion; bmmc; body; bolus; bone; boston; bowel; bpi; bradykinin; bronchoalveolar; bum; burn; burn injury; burn patients; burned; burst; c mice; c3a; c3h; ca2; calcium; calculated; camp; cancer; cancer patients; candida; capable; capacity; capillary; cardiac; cardiovascular; care; cascade; cases; cathepsin; catheter; cause; cavity; cd14; cd16; cd18; cd3; cd4; cd8; cdlla; cea; cecal; ceil; cell activation; cell adhesion; cell death; cell injury; cell surface; cell types; cells; cellular; center; central; certain; cfu; chain; challenge; changes; characteristics; characterization; characterized; chemiluminescence; chemotactic; children; choice; cholesterol; chow; chronic; circulating; circulatory; cirrhosis; cirrhotic; class; classes; classification; clearance; clinical; clinical study; close; clotting; clp; cmi; cmv; cns; cntf; coagulation; coil; cold; coli; collagen; collected; colony; combination; combined; committee; common; communication; comparable; compare; comparison; complement; complete; complex; complexes; complicated; complications; components; composition; compounds; concentrations; concept; conclusion; concomitant; conditions; consecutive; consequence; considerable; constant; constitutively; consumption; contact; content; continuous; contraction; contrast; contributes; contribution; control; control animals; control cells; control group; control patients; conventional; coronary; correlate; correlation; corresponding; cortisol; count; course; coverage; cp-0127; criteria; critical; cross; crp; crp levels; crucial; csf; cultured; current; cutaneous; cvvh; cytokine levels; cytokine production; cytokine release; cytokine response; cytokines; cytokines tnf; cytometry; cytoplasmic; cytosolic; cytotoxic; cytotoxicity; daily; damage; data; dawley; days; days post; death; decreased; defect; defense; deficient; degradation; degranulation; degree; dehydrogenase; delayed; deleterious; delivery; density; department; dependent; deposition; depressed; dept; design; detectable; detection; determination; determined; development; dfo; diagnosis; diet; differences; different; differential; differentiation; difficult; diffuse; diminished; direct; discussion; disease; disorders; disruption; distal; distinct; distress; distribution; disturbances; dna; domain; donors; dose; double; drainage; drug; dth; duration; dxs; dysfunction; e-75; e.coli; e.g.; earlier; early; early sepsis; edema; effect; effective; effectiveness; efficacy; efforts; ehec; elastase; elderly; elderly patients; elective; elements; elevated; elevated levels; elevation; elimination; elisa; endocrine; endogenous; endothelial; endothelial cells; endotoxemia; endotoxin; endotoxin levels; endotoxin release; endotoxin shock; energy; enhanced; enhancement; enteral; entry; enzymes; epithelial; equivalent; erythrocytes; escherichia; essential; ester; et levels; etc; ethanol; evaluated; evaluation; events; evidence; evident; evoked; exact; example; excessive; exchange; excretion; exhibit; experimental; exposure; expression; extensive; extent; extraction; facs; factor; failure; fall; family; fashion; fast; fatal; fatty; features; fed; feeding; female; femoral; fever; fiber; fibrinogen; fibroblasts; field; filgrastim; final; findings; flora; flow; fluid; fluorescence; fmlp; focus; fold; following; follows; food; formation; forms; formula; fraction; fragments; free; frozen; function; future; gain; gamma; gap; gapdh; gastric; gastrointestinal; gel; gene; general; generalized; generation; genomic; germany; glucose; glutamine; glutathione; gms; good; graft; gram; gramnegative; granulocyte; greater; group; group b; group ii; group patients; growth; gsh; gtn; gut; gwt; h202; ha-1a; haemorrhage; half; hand; healing; healthy; heart; hej; help; helper; hemodynamic; hemoglobin; hemorrhagic; hemorrhagic shock; heparin; hepatectomy; hepatic; hepatitis; hepatocellular; hepatocytes; high; high dose; high levels; higher; highest; hind; hirudin; histamine; histological; hla; homeostasis; hormone; hospital; host; host response; hours; hrs; human; human blood; human sepsis; humoral; hydrogen; hypersensitivity; hypotension; hypothesis; hypoxia; i.e.; i.p; i.v; ibuprofen; icam-1; icu; identical; ifn; igg; igm; iii; il-1; il-1ra; il-2; il-3; il-4; il-6; il-6 levels; il-6 production; il-8; il6; ill patients; illness; imipenem; immediate; immune; immune cells; immune function; immune response; immune system; immunity; immunization; immunoglobulin; immunological; immunology; immunosuppression; impact; impaired; impairment; important; important role; improved; improvement; incidence; incision; increased; incubation; index; indicator; indirect; individuals; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory cells; inflammatory cytokines; inflammatory mediators; inflammatory response; influence; influx; infusion; inhalation; inhibited; inhibitor; inhibits; initial; initiation; injured; injuries; injury; injury severity; inos; institute; insufficiency; intact; integrins; integrity; intensive; interactions; interferon; interleukin; interstitial; intervals; intervention; intestinal; intraabdominal; intracellular; intraperitoneal; intravascular; intravenous; introduction; invading; invasion; investigations; involved; involvement; ionomycin; ip3; irf; iron; irradiation; irreversible; ischemia; isolated; ivig; kallikrein; keto; key; kidney; killing; kinase; kinetics; kit; knee; knowledge; known; kupffer; l ~; laboratory; lack; lactate; lal; laparotomy; large; late sepsis; later; lavage; lbp; lead; leading; leakage; left; leh; length; lesser; lethal; lethality; leukocytes; levels; lewis; ligand; ligation; light; like; likely; limb; limited; limulus; lipid; lipopolysaccharide; liposomes; little; liver; liver blood; liver cell; liver failure; liver injury; local; localized; long; longer; loss; lower; lps; lps activation; lps administration; lps challenge; lps immune; lps injection; lps lethality; lps release; lps stimulation; lps treatment; lra; ltb4; lung; lung injury; lymphocytes; lymphoid; lymphokine; lysate; lysosomal; m.d; mab; macrophages; mad; magnitude; mainly; major; major surgery; malaria; male; malignant; management; manner; map; marked; markers; marrow; mass; massive; mast; mast cells; materials; matrix; maximal; maximum; mda; mean; measurements; mechanical; mechanisms; median; mediators; medical; medicine; medium; membrane; mesenteric; metabolic; metabolites; methods; mhc; mice; microcirculatory; microorganisms; microscopy; microvascular; mid; mif; migration; mild; minutes; mip; mitochondrial; mitogen; mixed; ml blood; ml lps; mln; mmhg; moab; mobilization; model; modified; mods; modulate; mof; molecular; molecules; monitoring; monoclonal; monocytes; monocytic; mononuclear; mononuclear cells; morbidity; mortality; mouse; mps; mrna; mucosal; multiple; multiple organ; multiple trauma; munich; murine; muscle; muscle cells; myeloid; myeloperoxidase; myocardial; n =; n t; n=10; n=12; n=5; n=6; n=7; n=8; nac; natural; nature; near; necessary; necrosis; necrosis factor; need; negative; negative sepsis; neopterin; nervous; network; neutralizing; neutropenia; neutrophils; new; ngf; nitric; nitrogen; nma; nmma; nmol; no2; nodes; non; normal; northern; nosocomial; novel; number; numerous; nutrition; oatmeal; objectives; observation; observed; occurrence; occurring; odn; oil; onset; open; operation; order; organ; organ dysfunction; organ failure; organ injury; organisms; origin; osf; outcome; output; overall; oxidase; oxidative; oxide; oxygen; oxygenation; p.g; p2 cells; p75; p<0.001; p<0.05; paf; pancreatic; pancreatitis; pap; parallel; parameters; parenteral; partial; particular; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathological; pathophysiological; pathophysiology; pathways; patients; patients blood; patients levels; pattern; pbmc; pcr; peak; peptide; percentage; period; peripheral; peripheral blood; peritoneal; peritonitis; permeability; peroxidation; persistent; pge; pge2; phagocytic; phagocytic cells; phagocytosis; phase; phase response; phenomenon; phenotype; phosphate; phx; physiologic; pigs; pituitary; pivotal; pkc; pla2; placebo; placebo group; placebo patients; plasma; plasma concentrations; plasma endotoxin; plasma levels; plasma samples; plasma tnf; platelet; play; plf; pma; pmn; pmnl; pmns; pmol; pneumonia; po2; pof; points; polymorphonuclear; polypeptide; polytrauma; pool; poor; population; portal; positive; possibility; possible; post; post lps; postischemic; postoperative; posttraumatic; potential; powerful; ppm; precise; preclinical; precursor; preliminary; preoperative; preparation; presence; present; present study; presentation; pressure; pretreated; pretreatment; prevention; previous; primary; priming; prior; probes; problems; procedure; process; processes; produced; production; products; profound; progenitor; prognosis; proliferate; proliferation; prolonged; promising; promoter; pronounced; properties; prophylactic; prophylaxis; proportion; prospectively; prostacyclin; prostaglandin; protease; protective; protein; proteinases; proteolytic; protocol; pseudomonas; pts; ptx; pulmonary; puncture; purified; purpose; quantitative; question; rabbits; radicals; rain; randomized; range; ranitidine; rapid; rate; rats; rbpi23; reaction; reactive; recent; receptor; recipients; recombinant; recovery; recruitment; reduced; regard; region; regional; regression; regulation; regulatory; related; relationship; relative; relaxation; release; releasing; relevance; relevant; remote; renal; repair; reperfused; reperfusion; reperfusion injury; replacement; reported; reports; research; resection; resistance; respect; respiratory; response; response results; response syndrome; responsible; responsiveness; results; resuscitation; review; rhg; ringer; rings; rise; risk; role; routine; s.c; safety; saline; salmonella; samples; sampling; sbi; scald; school; score; scoring; second; secondary; secrete; secretion; sections; selected; selectin; sem; sensitive; sensitivity; separate; sepsis; sepsis induction; sepsis model; sepsis score; sepsis study; sepsis syndrome; septic animals; septic complications; septic group; septic organ; septic patients; septic response; septic shock; septicemia; sequelae; sequences; sequential; sequestration; sera; serial; series; serine; serum; serum il-6; serum levels; serum tnf; setting; severe; severe sepsis; severe trauma; severity; sex; sham; shed; shed blood; shedding; shock; shock group; short; shunt; sicu; signal; significant; significant increase; signs; similar; simple; simultaneous; single; sirs; site; situ; situation; size; skeletal; skin; slices; sll-6r; small; smooth; sod; sodium; soluble; soluble tnf; solution; source; space; special; species; specific; specificity; spleen; spleen cells; splenic; sprague; stable; stages; staining; standard; start; state; statistical; status; stay; step; stimulated; stimulation; stimuli; stimulus; stnfr; strains; strategies; strategy; stress; strong; structure; studies; study; study period; study results; subjects; subsequent; subsets; substances; substantial; substrates; successful; suffering; sufficient; summary; superior; supernatants; superoxide; supplemented; supply; support; suppression; surface; surgery; surgical; surgical patients; surgical trauma; survival; surviving; survivors; susceptibility; symptoms; syndrome; synergistic; synthase; synthesis; synthetic; system; systemic; systemic inflammatory; t cells; target; taurine; tbsa; techniques; temperature; temporary; tendency; terminal; terms; test; tested; testing; tgf; tgf-131; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; thermal; thermal injury; thickness; thl; thoracic; thrombin; thromboxane; thymic; thymus; time; tissue; tissue injury; tn3; tnf; tnf activity; tnf levels; tnf mab; tnf mrna; tnf production; tnf receptors; tnf release; tnf treatment; tnfa; tnfc~; tool; total; toxic; toxicity; toxins; tpn; tract; transcription; transduction; transferrin; transfusion; transient; transit; translocation; transmembrane; transplantation; transplanted; transport; trauma patients; trauma sepsis; traumatic; treated; treatment; treatment group; trials; trigger; tumor; type; ulcers; unchanged; unclear; underlying; understanding; underwent; units; university; unknown; untreated; uptake; urinary; usa; use; useful; valuable; values; variables; variety; vascular; vasoconstriction; vehicle; vein; venous; venous blood; ventilated; ventilation; venules; verapamil; versus; vessels; viable; viral; vitro; vivo; volume; volunteers; wall; wbc; weeks; weight; white; white blood; wide; wilcoxon; wistar; work; wound; xanthine; years; zymosan cache: cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt plain text: cord-015021-pol2qm74.txt item: #86 of 445 id: cord-015147-h0o0yqv8 author: None title: Oral Communications and Posters date: 2014-09-12 words: 73903 flesch: 39 summary: After 3 months of exposures, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased in both the HCR-and LCR-smokeexposed(SE) animals compared to air-exposed controls (p<0.001); however there was a 2-3-fold increase in the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the LCR-over the HCR-SE group (p<0.001).Histopathology revealed there was greater inflammation and lung damage present in the LCR-versus HCR-SE group (p<0.05). This causes the symptoms of the early phase of AI and the onset of the late phase characterized by the penetration in the inflamed tissue of inflammatory cells, notably the eosinophils. keywords: a2ar; ability; able; absence; accumulation; achr; acid; action; activated; activation; active; activities; activity; acute; adaptive; addition; adherence; adhesion; administration; adult; adv; aeruginosa; affected; affinity; agents; aggregation; aia; aim; airway; allele; allergic; allodynia; alpha; alterations; altered; amounts; analysis; angiogenesis; animals; antagonist; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiinflammatory; ap-1; apc; apoptosis; apoptotic; approach; arachidonic; arry-162; arterial; arthritis; assay; associated; association; asthma; astrocytes; atherosclerosis; atopic; atp; australia; autoimmune; b cells; background; bacterial; bal; balb; barrier; basal; basophils; beneficial; beta; better; binding; bioactivity; biological; biology; biopsies; biotin; blister; blockade; blocking; blood; blot; bone; bovine; bowel; bpw; brain; brazil; c mice; c57bl/6; c5ar; ca2; cadpr; calcitriol; calcium; canada; cancer; capable; capacity; carrageenan; cartilage; cascade; cases; caspase-1; cause; cbp; ccp; cd4; cell activation; cells; cellular; center; central; centre; cerebral; certain; chain; challenge; changes; characterized; chemokine; chemotaxis; chromosome; chronic; chronic inflammatory; cii; circulation; class; clinical; clp; cns; coagulation; colitis; collagen; colon; combination; common; complement; complete; complex; components; compounds; concentration; conclusions; conditions; considered; constitutively; contact; contrast; control; cord; correlated; correlation; corresponding; course; cox-2; cpla2; critical; crohns; crp; csf; cultured; current; cutaneous; cx5; cyclin; cyclooxygenase; cytokines; cytoskeleton; daily; damage; data; day; days; dcs; decrease; defense; deficient; deficient mice; degradation; delayed; demonstrate; dendritic; dendritic cells; denmark; density; department; dependent; depletion; dermatitis; destruction; detrusor; development; dexamethasone; diabetes; diabetic; diagnostic; diet; differences; different; differential; differentiation; discovery; disease; disorders; distinct; dna; dogs; domain; dose; dpt; drug; dss; dynamic; dysfunction; e.g.; eae; early; ebi3; effect; effective; effector; efficacy; egfr; elevated; elisa; endogenous; endothelial; endothelial cells; enhanced; enzymatic; enzyme; eosinophils; epcr; epidermal; epidermis; epithelial; erk; erk1/2; essential; established; events; evidence; examination; example; experimental; exposure; expression; expression levels; extracellular; extracts; factor; family; fat; fcs; female; fibroblasts; fibrosis; findings; flavonoids; flow; fluid; fluorescence; focus; fold; formation; fprl1; free; function; gamma; gata-3; gene; generation; genetic; genome; germany; gimap5; glucocorticoids; glycine; group; growth; h2s; h4r; hand; hdsmc; healthy; heme; high; higher; highest; hind; histamine; histological; hit; hla; hospital; host; hours; human; hydrogen; hyperalgesia; hyperplasia; hypothesis; i.p; ibd; ic50; icam-1; ifn; ifna; ifnbeta; ikba; ikka; il-1b; il-1beta; il-23; il-4; il-6; il-8; immune; immune response; immunity; immunization; immunohistochemistry; immunomodulatory; impaired; important; important role; incidence; increased; incubation; individual; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infiltration; inflamed; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory activity; inflammatory arthritis; inflammatory bowel; inflammatory cells; inflammatory conditions; inflammatory cytokines; inflammatory diseases; inflammatory effects; inflammatory mediators; inflammatory response; inflammatory skin; influence; inhibited; inhibition; inhibitors; initial; injection; injury; innate; inos; institute; insulin; integrin; interaction; intestinal; intravital; introduction; investigated; involvement; ischemic; isolated; italy; japan; jnk; joint; joint inflammation; keratinocytes; key; kidney; kinase; knee; knockout; known; large; lavage; ldl; leading; leo; lesions; leukocyte; levels; ligand; like; likely; lilra2; limited; line; lipid; lipopolysaccharide; little; liver; local; loss; low; lower; lps; ltb4; lung; lung inflammation; lymphocytes; mab; macrophages; major; male; manner; mapk; marked; markers; marrow; mast; mast cells; matrix; mbp; mean; measured; measurement; mechanical; mechanisms; mediate; mediators; medical; medicine; medium; members; membrane; memory; mesenteric; metabolism; methods; mice; microscopy; mif; migration; mitogen; mmp-9; model; molecular; molecules; monoclonal; monocytes; mononuclear; mouse; mrna; mrna expression; mrna levels; multiple; murine; muscle; mutation; myeloperoxidase; nabs; nad+; natural; ncf1; necrosis; negative; netherlands; neurons; neutralizing; neutrophils; new; nfkb; ngf; nitric; nkg2d; nod1; non; normal; novel; nuclear; nucleus; number; objectives; observed; oedema; onset; oral; order; organ; osteoarthritis; outcome; ova; overexpression; oxidative; oxide; oxygen; p.o; p13; p38; p65; p<0.05; paf; pain; pancreatic; pancreatitis; par-2; par1; par2; par4; parameters; pars; particular; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathological; pathways; patients; pattern; paulo; paw; pbmc; pcr; peptide; percentage; period; peripheral; peritoneal; permeability; pge2; phagocytosis; pharmacological; phase; phenotype; phosphorylation; physiological; pi3k; pivotal; pkc; plasma; plasma cells; platelet; pma; pmn; pollutants; population; positive; possibility; possible; posters; potential; pouch; prepared; presence; present; present study; presentation; pretreatment; prevention; primary; process; processes; production; products; profile; progression; proliferation; promoter; properties; prostaglandin; proteases; protective; protein; protein expression; psoriasis; psoriatic; pulmonary; purpose; range; rapid; rats; reaction; reactive; recent; receptor; recombinant; recovery; recruitment; reduced; region; regulated; regulation; regulatory; related; relationship; relative; release; relevant; remodeling; renal; reperfusion; research; resistance; response; responsible; results; reversed; rheumatoid; rheumatoid arthritis; risk; rock-2; role; route; s100a12; saa; safety; saline; samples; school; score; secondary; secretion; selectin; selective; sensory; sepsis; sequence; sera; serine; serum; severe; severity; shock; shows; signaling; significant; signs; similar; single; sirna; site; skin; sle; slx-2119; small; snp; socs1; soluble; species; specific; specificity; specimens; spla; spleen; staining; starting; stat1; step; stimulated; stimulation; strains; stress; stroke; strong; structural; studies; study; subsequent; superoxide; supplement; support; suppression; surface; survival; susceptibility; swelling; symptoms; syndrome; synovial; synthase; synthesis; synthetic; system; systemic; sâ¼o; t cells; target; targeting; tdzd-8; technique; tested; th1; th17; th2; therapeutic; therapy; thickness; thp-1; thrombin; time; tissue; tlr2; tnbs; tnf; tnfa; tnfalpha; tolerance; topical; total; tpa; tpko; trafficking; transcription; transduction; transgenic; transient; treated; treatment; trpv1; trypsin; ttp; tumor; tumor cells; type; type mice; underlying; understanding; unique; university; unknown; untreated; uptake; usa; useful; variety; vascular; vegf; vehicle; vein; vitro; vivo; volunteers; wall; water; weeks; weight; western; wide; wild; wistar; work; years; zymosan cache: cord-015147-h0o0yqv8.txt plain text: cord-015147-h0o0yqv8.txt item: #87 of 445 id: cord-016343-wc3i54fc author: Frese, Michael title: Interferon-Induced Effector Proteins and Hepatitis C Virus Replication date: 2008 words: 10118 flesch: 31 summary: 1b infection Interferon action: RNA cleavage pattern of a (2 -5 )oligoadenylate-dependent endonuclease Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease Human MxA protein inhibits tick-borne Thogoto virus but not Dhori virus Interferon-alpha inhibits hepatitis C virus subgenomic RNA replication by an MxA-independent pathway Interferon-gamma inhibits replication of subgenomic and genomic hepatitis C virus RNAs Hepatitis C virus RNA replication is resistant to tumour necrosis factor-alpha Kissing-loop interaction in the 3 end of the hepatitis C virus genome essential for RNA replication Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation Impact of protein kinase PKR in cell biology: from antiviral to antiproliferative action Human RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 transcripts possess alternative exon 1 structures that initiate from different promoters, one constitutively active and the other interferon inducible Cell growth regulatory and antiviral effects of the P69 isozyme of 2-5 (A) synthetase TRAF family proteins link PKR with NF-kappa B activation Evaluation of IFN-alpha bioavailability by MxA mRNA in HCV patients involvement of both nitric oxide and oxygen radicals Nitric oxide inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicons in the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line Essential role for the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR in innate immunity to viral infection Novel insights into hepatitis C virus replication and persistence Clonal expansion of hypermutated measles virus in an SSPE brain DNA microarray analysis of chimpanzee liver during acute resolving hepatitis C virus infection Secondary structure determination of the conserved 98-base sequence at the 3 terminus of hepatitis C virus genome RNA Efficient initiation of HCV RNA replication in cell culture Role of IFN-induced indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the replication of human cytomegalovirus in retinal pigment epithelial cells The nonstructural 5A protein of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b does not contain an interferon sensitivitydetermining region Interferons and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: role in antimicrobial and antitumor effects keywords: activation; activities; activity; adar1; adenosine; alpha; amino; antiviral; bartenschlager; base; bind; binding; block; c virus; cells; cellular; chronic; constitutively; control; culture; cytokines; deaminase; defense; dependent; different; dna; double; editing; effector; et al; evidence; example; experiments; expression; factor; family; frese; frese et; functional; gamma; gene; genome; genotype; hcv; hcv replication; hcv rna; hepatitis; hepatocytes; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; induced; inducible; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interesting; interferon; isdr; kinase; large; levels; like; line; liver; mice; mouse; mrna; mutations; mxa; nitric; nos2; ns5a; nuclear; numerous; oas; oxide; p150; pathways; patients; pkr; position; presence; production; protein; receptor; recombinant; region; replication; replicons; resistance; response; results; ribavirin; rna; rna replication; rnas; role; samuel; sequence; signaling; similar; single; small; specific; studies; subgenomic; sustained; synthetase; system; therapies; therapy; transcription; translation; treatment; type; virus; virus replication; viruses; workers; −/− cache: cord-016343-wc3i54fc.txt plain text: cord-016343-wc3i54fc.txt item: #88 of 445 id: cord-016499-5iqpl23p author: Mackay, Ian M. title: Rhinoviruses date: 2014-02-27 words: 23417 flesch: 34 summary: ARIs linked to HRV infections are associated with excessive and perhaps inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and with significant direct and indirect healthcare expenditure. ARIs linked to HRV infections are associated with excessive and perhaps inappropriate antibiotic prescribing [ 4 ] and with signifi cant direct and indirect healthcare expenditure [ 5 , 6 ] . keywords: 5′utr; a16; acid; activation; acute; acute respiratory; adults; aerosol; age; airway; ammatory; analysis; antibody; antigenic; antiviral; aom; ari; aris; assay; associated; association; asthma; asthmatic; atopic; b14; bacteria; binding; bronchiolitis; bronchitis; brosis; capsid; cases; cause; cells; cellular; changes; characterization; childhood; children; chronic; cient; classifi; clear; clinical; coding; cohort; cold; common; common cold; community; complete; complex; confi; control; copd; cough; cross; culture; cystic; cytokine; data; date; days; defi; detection; development; diagnosis; different; direct; disease; distinct; diversity; early; effect; effi; enterovirus; epidemiology; epithelial; etiology; evidence; exacerbations; experimental; exposure; expression; factor; families; family; fever; fig; frequency; frequent; function; genetic; genome; genotyping; genus; group; growth; hand; healthy; high; higher; hospital; host; hrsv; hrv; hrv infection; hrv rna; hrv species; hrv types; hrvs; human; human rhinovirus; hybridization; identifi; identity; ifn; ifv; illness; illnesses; immune; immunity; impact; important; improved; incidence; induction; infants; infected; infection; infl; innate; inoculation; interactions; interference; interferon; international; involved; isolation; laboratory; levels; life; like; likely; longitudinal; low; lower; lrt; major; majority; media; methods; mild; minor; molecular; months; multiplex; nasal; nasopharyngeal; natural; nature; ned; new; non; novel; number; numbering; otitis; outcomes; particular; pathogens; patients; patterns; pcr; people; period; picornavirus; pneumonia; polymerase; populations; positive; possible; presence; prevalence; primary; prior; production; proinfl; protease; protein; rapid; reaction; receptor; recombination; reduced; region; replication; report; research; respiratory; respiratory illness; respiratory infections; respiratory tract; respiratory viruses; response; results; reverse; rhinovirus; rhinovirus infection; risk; rmed; rna; role; rst; samples; sampling; season; secretions; self; sensitive; sequence; sequencing; serotypes; serum; severe; severity; shedding; signifi; similar; single; sinus; sinusitis; sites; species; specifi; specimens; spectrum; state; strains; studies; study; subjects; swabs; symptomatic; symptoms; syncytial; system; taxonomy; testing; time; tissue; tract; transmission; treatment; trigger; type; uenza; upper; urt; vaccine; viral; viral infections; viral respiratory; viruses; volunteers; vp1; vp2; vp4; wheezing; years; young cache: cord-016499-5iqpl23p.txt plain text: cord-016499-5iqpl23p.txt item: #89 of 445 id: cord-017184-1ewi3dka author: None title: Primary Immunodeficiencies date: 2008 words: 44590 flesch: 43 summary: Therefore defects in BM prethymic T cell development can contribute to T cell deficiency in nu/nu mice [90] . T-cell proliferative responses to mitogens were defective and IL 2 R expression was deficient on his T lymphocytes, and B cells did not differentiate into antibodysecreting cells when provided with the help of normal T cells [245] . keywords: abnormalities; absence; absent; acid; activation; activity; acute; ada; addition; adhesion; affected; agammaglobulinemia; age; aged; aids; aldrich; alive; alleles; allergic; allogeneic; alterations; alternative; analysis; anomalies; antibiotic; antibodies; antibody; antigens; areas; arrest; associated; association; asthma; asymptomatic; ataxia; atopic; atopy; autoimmune; autosomal; b cells; babies; bacterial; basis; binding; birth; block; blood; bmt; bone; bone marrow; boys; brothers; btk; c4a; c4b; capable; carriers; cases; cause; cd154; cd3; cd4; cd40; cd45; cd8; cell deficiency; cell development; cell function; cell transplantation; cells; cellular; center; cgd; chain; chap; characteristic; chemotaxis; children; chromosome; chronic; circulating; class; classic; clinical; cmi; cmv; combined; combined immunodeficiency; common; complement; complement deficiency; complete; complex; complications; concentrations; conditioning; confirmed; congenital; cord; correction; count; critical; csf; cutaneous; cvid; cyclic; data; days; deaminase; death; decreased; defect; defective; defense; deficiencies; deficiency; delayed; deletion; dependent; development; dgs; diagnosis; diarrhea; different; differential; differentiation; digeorge; disease; disorders; dna; domain; dominant; donor; early; ebv; effect; elevated; encoding; enzyme; episodes; essential; european; evidence; example; exon; experience; expression; factor; failure; families; family; features; female; fig; follow; form; formation; frequency; frequent; function; gene; general; genetic; germs; girl; gr1; granulomatous; greater; griscelli; group; growth; gvhd; haploidentical; haplotypes; healthy; hematopoietic; hepatosplenomegaly; heterogeneity; hgg; higes; high; higher; history; hla; hla class; hsct; human; humoral; hyper; hypothesis; identical; identification; ifn; iga; iga deficiency; ige; igg; igg levels; igm; iii; ils; immune; immune deficiency; immunity; immunodeficiency; immunoglobulin; immunological; impaired; important; incidence; increased; infancy; infants; infections; inheritance; interferon; involved; isolated; isotype; ivig; jak3; kinase; known; laboratory; lack; lad; large; later; lead; leukocyte; levels; life; ligand; like; liver; long; loss; low; lower; lung; lymphocyte; lymphoid; lymphopenia; lymphoproliferative; major; male; manifestations; marked; marrow; marrow transplantation; matched; maternal; maturation; mature; median; meningitis; mice; mild; missense; mitogens; molecular; molecules; months; mud; mutant; mutated; mutations; mycobacterial; myeloid; nadph; natural; necessary; negative; nemo; neonatal; neutropenia; neutrophil; new; nk cells; nodes; non; normal; normal levels; normal t; novel; number; old; omenn; onset; opportunistic; otitis; outcome; oxidase; parents; partial; particular; pathway; patients; pattern; pediatric; period; peripheral; persistent; phenotype; phox; pid; pids; pneumonia; pnp; point; polysaccharide; poor; population; positive; possible; predisposition; prenatal; presence; present; prevalence; primary; primary immunodeficiency; production; proliferation; protein; rag1; range; rare; receptor; recessive; recombination; reconstitution; recurrent; recurrent infections; reduced; region; related; report; residual; respiratory; respiratory infections; response; responsible; results; retardation; risk; role; rris; scid; scn; secondary; selective; sepsis; serum; severe; severe combined; severe infections; siblings; sigad; signaling; significant; similar; single; sinusitis; site; skin; sle; small; specific; spectrum; sporadic; stage; studies; study; subclass; subclass deficiency; subjects; successful; suffer; surface; survey; survival; susceptibility; switching; symptoms; syndrome; synthesis; system; t cells; t lymphocytes; table; tcd; tcr; telangiectasia; term; th2; therapy; thi; thrombocytopenia; thymic; thymocytes; thymus; time; tissue; total; tract; transcription; transient; transplantation; transplants; treatment; types; typical; tyrosine; umbilical; unlike; unrelated; utero; values; variable; variants; view; viral; virus; viruses; wasp; weeks; wiskott; xla; xlp; years; young cache: cord-017184-1ewi3dka.txt plain text: cord-017184-1ewi3dka.txt item: #90 of 445 id: cord-017785-zwnkrs23 author: Baker, Michelle L. title: Mammalia: Chiroptera: Immunology of Bats date: 2018-03-10 words: 9431 flesch: 34 summary: The little brown bat, M. Lucifugus, displays a highly diverse VH, DH and JH repertoire but little evidence of somatic hypermutation Bats as 'special' reservoirs for emerging zoonotic pathogens The two suborders of chiropterans have the canonical heavy-chain immunoglobulin (Ig) gene repertoire of eutherian mammals The immunoglobulin genes of bats Dichotomy of lymphocyte population and cell mediated immune responses in a fruit bat, Pteropus giganteus Antibody-mediated immune response in the bat, Pteropus giganteus Analysis of suppressor factor in delayed immune responses of a bat, Pteropus giganteus IFN[beta]-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage Tacaribe virus causes fatal infection of an ostensible host, the Jamaican fruit bat Molecular characterisation of toll-like receptors in the black flying fox Pteropus alecto Molecular characterisation of RIGIlike helicases in the black flying fox, Pteropus alecto Characterisation of novel microR-NAs in the black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) by deep sequencing ) Establishment, immortalisation and characterisation of pteropid bat cell lines Effects of aerosolized rabies virus exposure on bats and mice The IFN response in bat cells consists of canonical and non-canonical ISGs with unique temporal expression kinetics Duration of maternal antibodies against canine distemper virus and Hendra virus in Pteropid bats DNA-PK is a DNA sensor for IRF-3-dependent innate immunity The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses The white-nose syndrome transcriptome: activation of anti-fungal host responses in wing tissue of hibernating little brown myotis Evolution and antiviral specificities of interferon-induced Mx proteins of bats against ebola, influenza, and other RNA viruses Transcriptomic signatures of Tacaribe virus-infected Jamaican fruit bats Pathogenesis of experimental histoplasmosis in the bat, Artibeus lituratus Co-evolution of MHC class I and variable NK cell receptors in placental mammals Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus Pteropid bats are confirmed as the reservoir hosts of Henipaviruses: a comprehensive experimental study of virus transmission Evolution and survival of marine carnivores did not require a diversity of killer cell Ig-like receptors or Ly49 NK cell receptors Immune response in Chiroptera to bacteriophage øX174 Studies on the immune capabilities of Chiroptera Positive selection of the bat interferon alpha gene family Anti-lyssaviral activity of interferon κ and ω from the Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus Follicular dendritic cells: dynamic antigen libraries Widespread bat white-nose syndrome fungus, northeastern China Molecular cloning and sequencing of the cDNAs encoding the bat interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha Molecular cloning and expression analysis of bat toll-like receptors 3, 7 and 9 Cloning, expression and antiviral activity of IFNγ from the Australian fruit bat, Pteropus alecto Dynamics of genome size evolution in birds and mammals Comparative genomics of natural killer cell receptor gene clusters Chiropteran types I and II interferon genes inferred from genome sequencing traces by a statistical gene-family assembler Innate immune responses of bat and human cells to Filoviruses: commonalities and distinctions Resistance in persisting bat populations after white-nose syndrome invasion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Phylogenomic analyses of bat subordinal relationships based on transcriptome data Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Cloning and sequence analysis of Peromyscus yucatanicus (Rodentia) Th1 (IL-12p35, IFN-γ and TNF) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) cytokines The morphology of the intestine of the insectivorous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Peters): a scanning electron and light microscopic study Pathogenesis studies with Australian bat lyssavirus in grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) Immune responses in bats following intranasal infection with histoplasma capsulatum Cell-mediated immunity in two species of bats Role of immunoglobulin classes in experimental histoplasmosis in bats Pathology in euthermic bats with white nose syndrome suggests a natural manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome Experimental Nipah virus infection in Pteropid bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) Specific alterations in complement protein activity of little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) hibernating in whitenose syndrome affected sites Hibernating little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) show variable immunological responses to white-nose syndrome Bats and zoonotic viruses: can we confidently link bats with emerging deadly viruses? Evolution and comparative analysis of the bat MHC-I region Insights into the ancestral organisation of the mammalian MHC class II region from the genome of the pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto Induction and sequencing of Rousette bat interferon α and β genes Ontogenetic and anatomic variation in mineralization of the wing skeleton of the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis The immune gene repertoire of an important viral reservoir, the Australian black flying fox Phytohaemagglutinin mediated activation of bat (Pteropus giganteus) lymphocytes Virological and serological findings in Rousettus aegyp-tiacus experimentally inoculated with Vero cells-adapted Hogan strain of Marburg virus Activation of innate immune-response genes in little Brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) infected with the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors Analysis of immunocompetent cells in the bat, Pteropus giganteus: isolation and scanning electron microscopic characterization Immunology of bats and their viruses: challenges and opportunities Immunological control of viral infections in bats and the emergence of viruses highly pathogenic to humans Modelling filovirus maintenance in nature by experimental transmission of Marburg virus between Egyptian rousette bats Egyptian rousette bats maintain long-term protective immunity against Marburg virus infection despite diminished antibody levels The evolution of the natural killer complex; a comparison between mammals using new high-quality genome assemblies and targeted annotation Transcriptome sequencing and annotation for the Jamaican fruit bat (Artibeus jamaicensi) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference Persistent infection in bats and bat cell cultures with Japanese encephalitis virus Histological and histochemical analysis of the gastrointestinal tract of the common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus Pipistrellus) Studies of arthropod-borne virus infections in Chiroptera Immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus Geographical distribution of genetic polymorphism of the pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum isolated from infected bats, captured in a central zone of Mexico Molecular evidence regarding the origin of echolocation and flight in bats A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record Phylogeny, genes, and hearing: implications for the evolution of echolocation in bats Bat biology, genomes, and the Bat1K project: to generate chromosome-level genomes for all living bat species Isolation of genetically diverse Marburg viruses from Egyptian fruit bats Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats Histological assessment of cellular immune response to the phytohemagglutinin skin test in Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) Host immunity to repeated rabies virus infection in big brown bats Human follicular dendritic cells: function, origin and development Interferon production and signaling pathways are antagonized during Henipavirus infection of fruit bat cell lines Interferon signaling remains functional during Henipavirus infection of human cell lines Mass extinctions, biodiversity and mitochondrial function: are bats 'special' as reservoirs for emerging viruses? Detection of specific antibody responses to vaccination in variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus) Transmission studies of Hendra virus (equine morbilli-virus) in fruit bats, horses and cats Experimental Hendra virus infection in pregnant Guinea-pigs and fruit bats Purification and characterisation of immunoglobulins from the Australian black flying fox (Pteropus alecto) using anti-fab affinity chromatography reveals the low abundance of IgA Proteomics informed by transcriptomics reveals Hendra virus sensitizes bat cells to TRAIL mediated apoptosis Characterization of the antigen processing machinery and endogenous peptide presentation of a bat MHC class I molecule Comparative transcriptomics highlights the role of the AP1 transcription factor in the host response to Ebolavirus Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia Comparative analysis of bat genomes provides insight into the evolution of flight and immunity IFNAR2-dependent gene expression profile induced by IFN-α in Pteropus alecto bat cells and impact of IFNAR2 knockout on virus infection Type III IFNs in pteropid bats: differential expression patterns provide evidence for distinct roles in antiviral immunity Type III IFN receptor expression and functional characterisation in the Pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto Bat Mx1 and Oas1, but not Pkr are highly induced by bat interferon and viral infection IRF7 in the Australian black flying fox, Pteropus alecto: evidence for a unique expression pattern and functional conservation Contraction of the type I IFN locus and unusual constitutive expression of IFN-α in bats Unlocking bat immunology: establishment of Pteropus alecto bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages White-nose syndrome without borders: Pseudogymnoascus destructans infection tolerated in Europe and Palearctic Asia but not in keywords: ability; absence; absent; activation; activity; alecto; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; australian; bat species; bats; big; black; brown; cells; chakravarty; clinical; cmi; comparative; consistent; constitutive; control; cytokines; data; destructans; development; differences; different; disease; diverse; dna; ebola; et al; evidence; evolution; experimental; expression; family; flying; fox; foxes; fruit; functional; fungus; genes; genome; hendra; hev; hibernating; high; host; human; ifn; ifns; ifnα; immune; immunity; immunology; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; inoculated; interferon; isgs; levels; like; lines; little; long; lrc; mammals; marburg; mechanisms; mhc; molecular; myotis; natural; nature; nose; number; opportunities; pathogens; pathways; populations; production; proteins; pteropid; pteropus; rabies; receptors; regions; repertoire; reservoir; responses; responsible; rnaseq; role; rousette; sequencing; species; specific; studies; study; syndrome; system; tissues; type; variety; viral; virus; viruses; white; wns; zhang; zhou cache: cord-017785-zwnkrs23.txt plain text: cord-017785-zwnkrs23.txt item: #91 of 445 id: cord-020717-niiib47f author: Kristensson, Krister title: Neuronal targeting and functional effects of infectious agents transmitted from animals to man date: 2003 words: 4214 flesch: 36 summary: From these macrophages they can be released to infect and multiply in brain endothelial cells for further passage into the nerve parenchyma. The evolution of parasite manipulation of host behaviour: a theoretical analysis Chronic sodium salicylate treatment exacerbates brain neurodegeneration in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei Soluble factors released by Toxoplasma gondii-infected astrocytes down-modulate nitric oxide production by gamma interferon-activated microglia and prevent neuronal degeneration Toxoplasma gondii infection of neurons induces neuronal cytokine and chemokine production, but gamma interferon-and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated neurons fail to inhibit the invasion and growth of T. gondii The substantia nigra is a major target for neurovirulent influenza keywords: african; animals; astrocytes; bacteria; bbb; behavior; blood; brain; brainstem; brucei; cause; cells; central; certain; control; cytokines; disease; disturbances; encephalitis; et al; expression; factor; gondii; growth; host; humans; ifn; infected; infections; inflammatory; influenza; invasion; listeria; mechanisms; mice; microbes; monocytogenes; nerve; nervous; neurodegeneration; neuronal; neurons; offspring; parasites; parenchyma; pathogens; rats; rna; role; spread; studies; system; toxoplasma; treatment; trigeminal; trypanosomes; viral; virus cache: cord-020717-niiib47f.txt plain text: cord-020717-niiib47f.txt item: #92 of 445 id: cord-021872-rhi7hi9m author: Wilkes, Rebecca P. title: Update on Antiviral Therapies date: 2015-12-04 words: 9945 flesch: 43 summary: -2,6-diaminopurine (PMPDAP) in the treatment of feline immunodeficiency virusinfected cats their discovery, development, and use in the treatment of HIV-1 infection: A review of the last 20 years Susceptibility of feline immunodeficiency virus/ human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase chimeras to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors Clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus infection Is AZT/3TC therapy effective against FIV infection or immunopathogenesis? Lymphocyte-cell immunomodulator (LTCI): review of the immunopharmacology of a new veterinary biologic Discovery of drugs that possess activity against feline leukemia virus A trial with 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine and human interferon-a in cats naturally infected with feline leukaemia virus Inhibition of feline leukemia virus replication by the integrase inhibitor Raltegravir Controlled release delivery of penciclovir via a silicone (MED-4750) polymer: kinetics of drug delivery and efficacy in preventing primary feline herpesvirus infection in culture A 40-year journey in search of selective antiviral chemotherapy Effects of valacyclovir in cats infected with feline herpesvirus 1 Evaluation of orally administered famciclovir in cats experimentally infected with feline herpesvirus type-1 In vitro cytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy against feline herpesvirus type 1 of famciclovir and its metabolites Treatment of feline herpesvirus-1 associated disease in cats with famciclovir and related drugs Pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and penciclovir in tears following oral administration of famciclovir to cats: a pilot study Feline herpesvirus-1: ocular manifestations, diagnosis and treatment options Effect of topical ophthalmic application of cidofovir on experimentally induced primary ocular feline herpesvirus-1 infection in cats Evaluation of the effects of small interfering RNAs on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus-1 Use of interfering RNAs targeted against feline herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein D for inhibition of feline herpesvirus 1 infection of feline kidney cells Therapeutic siRNA: principles, challenges, and strategies Evaluation of delivery agents used for introduction of small interfering RNAs into feline corneal cells Excess dietary lysine does not cause lysinearginine antagonism in adult cats Effects of physiologic concentrations of L-lysine on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus 1 Oral supplementation with L-lysine did not prevent upper respiratory infection in a shelter population of cats Potent inhibition of feline coronaviruses with peptidyl compounds targeting coronavirus 3C-like protease Peptides corresponding to the predicted heptad repeat 2 domain of the feline coronavirus spike protein are potent inhibitors of viral infection Synergistic antiviral effect of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin and nelfinavir against feline coronavirus Effect of Polyprenyl Immunostimulant on the survival times of three cats with the dry form of feline infectious peritonitis An update on feline infectious peritonitis: virology and immunopathogenesis Randomized, placebo controlled study of the effect of propentofylline on survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis Interferons: signaling, antiviral and viral evasion Use of recombinant interferon omega in feline retrovirosis: from theory to practice Relevance of feline interferon omega for clinical improvement and reduction of concurrent viral excretion in retrovirus infected cats from a rescue shelter Oral recombinant feline interferon-omega as an alternative immune modulation therapy in FIV positive cats: clinical and laboratory evaluation Comparative efficacy of a recombinant feline interferon omega in refractory cases of calicivirus-positive cats with caudal stomatitis: a randomised, multi-centre, controlled, doubleblind study in 39 cats Lowdose interferon-treatment for feline immunodeficiency virus infection Therapeutic effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega on feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-infected and FeLV/feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-coinfected symptomatic cats Effects of topical ocular administration of high doses of human recombinant interferon alpha-2b and feline recombinant interferon omega on naturally occurring viral keratoconjunctivitis in cats Effect of feline interferon-omega on the survival time and quality of life of cats with feline infectious peritonitis Feline leukemia virus causes a wide variety of clinical signs in infected cats (Figure 7 -3). keywords: active; activity; additional; administration; agents; antiviral; arginine; associated; blinded; cats; cause; cell; clinical; combination; compounds; concentrations; condition; control; coronavirus; daily; data; day; days; different; disease; dna; dose; drug; effective; effects; efficacy; enzyme; evaluation; experimentally; famciclovir; fcov; feline; felv; fhv-1; fip; fiv; form; group; herpesvirus; high; hiv; host; hours; human; ifn; ifns; immune; immunodeficiency; improvement; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; interferon; leukemia; licensed; likely; load; lysine; nrti; nucleoside; ocular; omega; oral; patients; penciclovir; placebo; plerixafor; protease; proteins; protocol; receptor; recombinant; replication; response; results; rfeifn; rna; shedding; significant; signs; specific; studies; study; therapy; time; topical; treatment; twice; type; use; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-021872-rhi7hi9m.txt plain text: cord-021872-rhi7hi9m.txt item: #93 of 445 id: cord-022226-qxp0gfp3 author: Meager, Anthony title: Interferons Alpha, Beta, and Omega date: 2007-09-02 words: 16407 flesch: 30 summary: This extensive family of IFNA genes are tandemly arranged on the short-arm of chromosome 9 (9p23) and span a region of approximately 400 kb (Owerbach et al., 1981; Shows et al., 1982; Slate et al., 1982; Ullrich et al., 1982) . virally-induced normal fibroblasts and other tissue cell types, e.g., epithelial cells (Meager et al., 1979; Stewart, 1979) keywords: acids; action; activation; active; activities; activity; addition; adolf; alpha; amino; antibodies; antigen; antiproliferative; antitumor; antiviral; beta; binding; biological; block; cdna; cells; cellular; certain; characterization; chebath; chromosome; class; clinical; cloned; cloning; colamonici et; coli; common; complex; components; control; cytokines; cytoplasmic; dependent; different; disease; distinct; dna; domain; double; dsrna; early; effect; effective; elements; et al; evidence; example; expression; extracellular; factor; family; fibroblast; figure; flanking; form; fujita et; functional; gene; growth; guignard; gutterman; hairy; harada et; helical; hepatitis; high; human; human cells; human chromosome; human ifn; human interferon; human leukocyte; ifn; ifn genes; ifn-(x; ifn-[3; ifna; ifnb; ifns; ifnw; induced; inducible; induction; infection; inhibition; interferon; interferon gene; irf-2; jak1; kda; kinase; large; lengyel; leukocyte; leukocyte ifn; leukocyte interferon; likely; lines; long; lymphoblastoid; maeyer; major; maniatis; mature; mechanisms; mice; molecular; mouse; mouse ifn; mrna; multiple; murine; natural; neutralizing; nomenclature; novick et; nuclear; nucleotide; number; pathway; patients; pestka; pkr; positions; potential; prdi; present; production; promoter; protein; receptor; recombinant; recombinant interferon; region; regulated; regulation; regulatory; related; replication; resistance; response; results; revel; review; rna; rnase; role; sclerosis; sequence; short; signal; similar; single; site; species; specific; stat; stewart; structure; studies; subtypes; surface; synthesis; synthetase; system; table; taniguchi et; terminal; therapy; transcription; transduction; transmembrane; treatment; trial; tumor; tyk2; tyrosine; uzd; vaccinia; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo; years cache: cord-022226-qxp0gfp3.txt plain text: cord-022226-qxp0gfp3.txt item: #94 of 445 id: cord-022631-s4n24xij author: Jonsson, M. V. title: Germinal Centres in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Indicate a Certain Clinical Immunological Phenotype date: 2008-06-28 words: 16926 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; ectopic; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; primary; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pss; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; similar; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-022631-s4n24xij.txt plain text: cord-022631-s4n24xij.txt item: #95 of 445 id: cord-022888-dnsdg04n author: None title: Poster Sessions date: 2009-08-19 words: 189173 flesch: 41 summary: Our aim is to describe how B cell lymphoma cells respond to TGF-b compared to normal peripheral B cells, to create an overview of the different signaling pathways involved, and to characterize the mechanisms behind the loss of sensitivity to TGF-b. Methods: Proliferation assays were performed on 11 different B-cell lymphoma cell lines and normal peripheral B cells to screen for TGF-b-induced effects. Using a CD3 and CD28 activation model system -TLR4 presence on CD4+ cells is found in mouse T cells, human T cells and Jurkat cell lines. keywords: + +; + /+; + cells; 1,2; a*0201; a549 cells; ab t; ability; able; absence; absent; accessibility; accumulation; acid; actin; activated; active; activities; activity; acute; ad5; adaptive; adaptive immune; adaptor; addition; adenoviral; adhesion; adipocytes; adjuvant; administration; adp; adult; affect; affected; affinity; afp; agents; aggrecan; agonist; aim; aims; airway; akt; allele; allergens; allergic; alpha; alterations; altered; alternative; amino; amounts; analyse; analysis; anergy; animals; antagonist; antibodies; antibody; antibody response; antigen; antigen expression; antigen presentation; antigen receptor; antigen specific; antigenic; antiviral; apc; apcs; apoptosis; apoptotic cells; approach; appropriate; area; arthritis; asc; aspects; assay; associated; association; asthma; atherosclerosis; atp; attenuated; aureus; autoantibodies; autoantibody; autoimmune; autoimmunity; autologous; autophagy; autoreactive; available; avidity; b cells; b lymphocytes; b t; b-1 cells; b27; background; bacterial; baff; balb; basal; baseline; basis; basophils; bcg; bcl-2; bcr; berlin; beta; better; binding; biochemical; biological; biology; biopsies; blocking; blood; blood cells; blot; blotting; bone; boost; bowel; brain; breast; broad; burst; c mice; c57bl/6; caga; calcineurin; calcium; cancer cells; candidate; capable; capacity; carabin; carkl; cascade; cases; caspase; caspase-1; catalytic; cause; cbl; cd11b; cd14; cd152; cd16; cd19; cd1a; cd1d; cd25; cd28; cd3; cd36; cd4; cd40; cd45; cd5; cd56; cd69; cd8 +; cd8 cells; cd8 t; cd80; cd86; cd8a; cell activation; cell activity; cell antigen; cell biology; cell compartment; cell contact; cell culture; cell cycle; cell cytokine; cell cytotoxicity; cell death; cell degranulation; cell depletion; cell development; cell differentiation; cell epitopes; cell expansion; cell function; cell growth; cell help; cell homeostasis; cell hybridomas; cell immunity; cell influx; cell interaction; cell level; cell lines; cell lymphoma; cell lysates; cell maturation; cell membrane; cell number; cell phenotype; cell population; cell priming; cell production; cell proliferation; cell receptor; cell recognition; cell recruitment; cell repertoire; cell responses; cell signaling; cell sorting; cell stimulation; cell subsets; cell supernatant; cell surface; cell survival; cell tolerance; cell transfer; cell transplantation; cell types; cells cells; cells co; cells incubation; cells present; cells specific; cellular immune; center; central; certain; cfse; cgd; chain; challenge; changes; channels; characteristics; characterization; characterized; chemokines; chemotaxis; children; chimeric; chip; chitosan; cholesterol; chop10; chromatin; chromosome; chronic; cht; class; classical; clearance; cleavage; clinical; clones; close; cmv; cns; coated; cohort; colitis; collagen; colon; combination; combined; common; comparable; comparison; complement; complete; complex; complexes; components; composition; compounds; concentrations; conclusion; conditions; confocal; conjugate; consequences; conserved; consistent; constitutively; contact; context; contrary; contrast; contribute; contribution; control; control cells; control mice; controlling; conventional t; cord; coro1a; coronin-1; correlated; correlation; corresponding; course; cpg; criteria; critical; crohn; cross; crosstalk; crp; crt; crtam; crucial; csf; csk; ct26; ctl; ctla-4; ctls; cultured; current; cutaneous; cytokine; cytokine expression; cytokine levels; cytokine production; cytokine response; cytometry; cytoplasmic; cytoskeleton; cytosolic; cytotoxic t; damage; dasatinib; data; day; days; dcs; decreased; defective; defects; defense; deficiency; deficient cells; deficient mice; degradation; degree; delivery; delta t; dendritic cells; density; department; dependent; dependent cell; depleted; depletion; design; detail; detailed; detectable; detection; determination; determined; developmental; diabetes; diagnosis; differences; different; different cell; differential; differentiated; diminished; direct; disease; disorders; display; distinct; distribution; diverse; division; dna; domain; dominant; donors; dose; double; downregulation; downstream; draining; drb1; drugs; dsrna; dss; dynamics; early; early t; ebpb; ebv; effective; effector cells; effector t; effects; efficacy; efficient; efhd2; elements; elevated; elimination; elisa; elispot; embryonic; encoding; endosomal; endothelial; engagement; enhanced; enhancement; enhancing; enrichment; enzyme; eosinophils; epidermal; epidermis; epithelial cells; epithelium; eraap; erap1; erk1/2; erp57; erythematosus; escape; essential; ev71; evaluated; evaluation; events; evidence; example; exhibit; exogenous; exon; exosomes; expansion; experiments; exposed; exposure; expressed; expression; expression levels; expression system; extended; extent; extract; facs; factor; factor t; failure; family; far; fasl; fcgriib; features; feeding; female; ferritin; fetal; fibroblasts; fibrosis; findings; flow; fluorescence; foam cells; fold; following; formation; foxp3; fraction; fragment; free; frequencies; frequency; frequent; function; fusion; future; fviii; g t; galcer; gamma; gammadelta t; gastrointestinal; gcs; gd cells; gd t; gdcd8; gel; gene; gene expression; general; generation; genetic; genome; genomic; genotype; germany; gfp; glioma cells; glycoprotein; glycosylation; goal; good; gp120; grade; gram; grant; granules; granulocytes; granzyme; grb; greater; group; growth; gut; h5n1; ha-1; haart; hadv; half; hand; hcv; hdl; hdm; healing; healthy; heat; heavy; hek cells; helper cells; hematopoietic cells; heme; hepatitis; hi cells; high; high expression; high levels; high t; higher; highest; histamine; histological; history; hiv; hiv-1; hla; hla class; hmb; hmgb1; hospital; host; host immune; hours; hrs cells; hscs; hsp70; human b; human cd4; human cells; human peripheral; human t; humans; humoral; hybridomas; hypothesis; ibd; icam-1; icos; identification; iel; ifn; ifnar; ifnb; ifng; igg; igg1; igm; igsf4; ii t; il-10; il-12p40; il-1b expression; il-1ra; il-2; il-33; il-4; il-5; il-6; il-7; il-8; imaging; immature; immune activation; immune cells; immune regulation; immune response; immune system; immunity; immunization; immunized; immunocompetent cells; immunodeficiency; immunodominant; immunofluorescence; immunogenicity; immunoglobulin; immunological; immunology; immunomodulatory; immunoprecipitation; immunoproteasomes; immunosuppression; immunotherapy; impact; impaired; implications; important; important role; improved; inactivation; inactive; incidence; incorporation; increased; increasing; incubation; individuals; induced; induced cell; inducible; induction; infants; infected cells; infected mice; infection; infiltrates; infiltration; inflamed; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory cells; inflammatory cytokines; inflammatory immune; inflammatory response; influence; influenza; influx; inhibited; inhibition; inhibitory; inhibits; initial; initiation; injury; inkt; inkt cell; inkt17 cells; innate; innate immune; innate t; insights; institute; intact; intensity; interaction; interest; interesting; interference; interferon; interleukin; intermediate; internalization; intestinal; intracellular; intraepithelial; intranasal; introduction; invariant; investigation; involved; involvement; isoforms; isolated; isolation; isotype; italy; jab1; jam; jnk; jurkat cells; jurkat t; kda; keratinocytes; key; killer cells; killer t; killing; kinase; kinetics; kit; knock; knockdown; knockout; knowledge; ko mice; kupffer cells; laboratory; lack; lamina; langerhans cells; large; latent; later; lck; lcmv; leishmania; length; leprae; lesions; lethal; leukemia; leukemic cells; leukemic t; leukocytes; levels; ligand; ligation; light; like; likely; limited; lineage cells; lineages; link; lipid; listeria; little; liver; lmp2; lmp7; lnk; loaded; loading; local; localization; locus; long; loss; low cells; lower; lp(a; lpr; lps; lsec; lung; lupus; lymphoid cells; lymphoma; mab; mabs; macrophage cell; macrophages; mainly; maintenance; major; majority; malaria; male; malignant cells; manipulation; manner; mapk; marked; markers; marrow cells; mass; mast cells; matrix; maturation; mature; mature b; mature cells; mcl-1; mcmv; mcs; mdp; mdsc; mean; measles; measure; measurement; mechanisms; mediated; mediators; medical; medicine; medium; medullary; melanoma cells; members; membrane; memory b; memory cells; memory t; methods; mhc; mhc class; mhcii; mice; microarray; microbial; microcapsules; microenvironment; microglia; microscopy; migration; milk; minimal; minor; minutes; mirnas; mitochondrial; mixed; model; moderate; modified; modulation; molecular; molecules; monoclonal; monocytes; monocytic cells; monocytogenes; mononuclear cells; months; mortality; mothers; mouse; mouse t; mrna; mucosal; multiple; murine; murine t; mutant; mutations; mva; mycn; mycobacteria; myd88; myeloid cells; naive; naive t; nanoparticles; national; natural; naï; nck; ncs; necessary; necrosis; necrotic cells; need; nef; nef138; negative; neonatal; neopterin; nets; network; neuroblastoma cells; neuronal cells; neutralization; neutralizing; neutrophils; new; newborn; nfat; nfatc1; nfkb; nfxb; nitric; nk cell; nk t; nkg2d; nkt cells; nod mice; node t; nodes; normal; normal t; novel; ns3; nucleotide; null t; number; numerous; objectives; observation; observed; onset; opn; optimal; optimal t; order; organ; organization; origin; outcome; ova; ovalbumin; overall; overexpression; oxidative; oxide; p110; p14 t; p1c; p24; p38; p53; panel; parameters; parasite; parasitic; partial; participate; particles; particular; pathogenesis; pathogens; pathological; pathology; pathway; patients; pattern; pbmc; pcr; pd-1; pdc; peak; peptide; percentage; period; peripheral; peripheral blood; peritoneal; peritoneal cells; persistent; pge; pgp; phagocytes; phagocytosis; phase; phenomenon; phenotype; phosphatase; phosphorylation; physiological; pi3k; pivotal; pkc; place; placebo; plasma cells; play; plc; plus; pma; pneumoniae; point; polarization; polarized; pollen; poly(i; polyclonal; polymorphisms; pool; populations; position; positive cells; positive t; possibility; possible; post; potential; pparg; precursor; preliminary; prepared; presence; present study; presentation; presenting; pretreatment; prevents; previous; primary; primary cells; primary t; primed; priming; prior; process; processes; processing; producers; producing; production; products; profile; profound; progenitor cells; progenitors; program; progression; project; proliferative; prominent; promising; promoter; prone; properties; proportion; proteasome; protective; protein; protein expression; protein levels; protein production; proteolytic; protocol; provide; psoriasis; pta; ptx3; pulmonary; pulsed; purified; purpose; putative; pylori; quality; quantitative; quantity; question; rac1; range; rapid; rats; rbl-2h3 cells; reaction; reactive; real; rearrangements; recent; receptor expression; receptors; recipients; recognition; recombinant; recruitment; reduced; reg cells; region; regulated; regulation; regulators; regulatory cells; regulatory role; regulatory t; related; relationship; relative; release; relevance; relevant; remains; remission; repertoire; replication; reported; required; research; resident; resident cells; residues; resistance; respect; respiratory; responder; responsible; responsiveness; resting; restricted; results; reticulum; reverse; rhdv; rich; rise; risk; rma cells; rnai; robust; role; roquin; route; rsv; s1p; salivary; samples; samsn1; sarcoidosis; scanning; school; sciences; sclerosis; seasonal; second; secondary; secrete; secretion; secretory; selected; selection; selective; self; sensitive; sensitivity; separated; sepsis; sequence; sera; serum; severe; severity; sh3; shock; short; shrna; signaling; signals; significantly; similar; simultaneous; single cell; site; size; skin; slc; sle; sle patients; sly2; small; smurf2; snps; socs1; soluble; sortilin; sorting; source; spain; species; specific activation; specific antibodies; specific b; specific cd8; specific expression; specific immune; specific responses; specific role; specific t; spectrometry; spleen cells; splenic; splenocytes; splicing; spontaneous; src; ssc; stability; stable; stages; staining; standard; stat6; statistical; status; steady; stem cells; step; stimulated; stimulated cells; stimulation; stimulatory; stimuli; stimulus; strain; strategies; strategy; strength; stress; stromal cells; strong; structural; student t; studies; study; studying; subcellular; subcutaneous; subjects; subpopulations; subsequent; substantial; substrate; subtypes; subunit; successful; suffering; summary; supernatants; support; suppression; surface expression; surgery; surveillance; survival; survivin; susceptibility; susceptible; sustained; swap-70; swiprosin-1; switch; syk; symptoms; synapse; syndrome; synthesis; synthetic; system; systemic; t activation; t cells; t em; t h; t helper; t lineage; t lines; t lymphocytes; t reg; t test; tap1; tap2; tapasin; target cells; targeted; targeting; targets; tcr; tcrab; tcrgd; technique; technology; tecs; teff cells; terminal; terminus; terms; tested; tests; tgf; tgfb1; th1 cells; th17; th2; th2 cell; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; thymic; thymic cells; thymocytes; thymus; time; tissue; titers; tlr; tlr2; tlr3; tlr4; tlr7; tlr9; tlrs; tnc.1 cells; tnf; tnfa; tolerance; tolerogenic; toll; tool; total; trail; transcription; transcripts; transduction; transfer; transgenic; transgenic mice; transient; translocation; transmembrane; transport; treatment; tregs; trials; triggering; triggers; tuberculosis; tumor cells; tumors; tumour; turnover; type; type b; type mice; typical; tyrosine; u937 cells; ubiquitin; ulcerative; unclear; unconventional t; underlying; understanding; understood; uninfected; unique; united; university; unknown; untreated; upa; uptake; us3; useful; uty; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; vacv; values; variable; variants; variety; vascular; vector; vegf; venous cells; versus; vesicles; vg9vd2 t; vgamma9vdelta2 t; viral; virulent; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo; vivo t; vlps; volunteers; weeks; wehi231 cells; weight; western; whitney; wide; wild; wildtype; wnt; work; years; zfp36l1 cache: cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt plain text: cord-022888-dnsdg04n.txt item: #96 of 445 id: cord-023017-k6edtg58 author: None title: AASLD Abstracts (pp. 282A–382A) date: 2006-02-10 words: 65964 flesch: 47 summary: The aim of the present study was to investigate if the same inhibition takes place in livers cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C. From February 2001 to April 2002, all patients with chronic hepatitis C referred to the outpatient liver clinic of the University Hospital Basel were asked for their permission to use part of the liver biopsy for this study. Increased T cell activation with Eta may also suggest that TNFA suppress T cell function and may contribute to refractoriness to INF therapy in HCV patients. keywords: -no; aa patients; ability; absence; acid; actin; activated; activation; active; activity; acute; addition; adenosyl; adiponectin; administration; adulis; adult; adult liver; adverse; african; age; aim; aims; albumin; alcoholic; alfa-2a; alpha; alt; amino; aminotransferase; analysis; animals; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; area; arm; ascites; assay; associated; association; available; average; background; baseline; bdl; beginning; beta; better; bile; biliary; bilirubin; binding; biochemical; biopsies; biopsy; bleeding; blood; blot; bm cells; bmcs; bmi; body; bone; c virus; calculated; canalicular; cancer; capacity; cases; cause; cc14; cd34; cd4; cd8; cdna; cell responses; cells; cellular; center; chain; changes; characteristics; chromosome; chronic; chronic hcv; chronic hepatitis; chronic liver; cifn; circulating; cirrhosis; cirrhotic; cirrhotic patients; clearance; clinical; clones; cmv; cohort; collagen; combination; combination therapy; common; comparison; complete; complexity; concentration; conclusions; conditions; consistent; content; continued; contrast; control; core; correlation; corresponding; count; course; crg; criteria; ctgf; culture; current; cyanoacrylate; cytokeratin; cytokines; cytometry; daily; damaged; data; date; days; dcs; death; decrease; degree; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; detectable; determined; development; diagnosis; diet; differences; different; differentiation; direct; disclosures; discontinuation; disease; distribution; dna; donor; dose; dosing; drug; ducts; duration; dysfunction; early; effect; effective; efficacy; element; elevated; elisa; elispot; end; endogenous; energy; enzyme; epithelial; es cells; esld; ethanol; events; evidence; experiments; expression; factors; failure; fatty; fed; female; fetal; fibroblasts; fibrogenesis; fibrosis; fibrotic; findings; flow; fluorescence; fold; following; form; france; free; frequency; function; fxr; gal; gamma; gel; gender; gene; gene expression; general; genome; genotype; gfp; good; grade; graft; greater; group; growth; haart; half; hcc; hcv; hcv core; hcv genotype; hcv infection; hcv patients; hcv proteins; hcv replication; hcv rna; hcv therapy; hcv viral; healthy; hemodynamic; hepatic; hepatic fibrosis; hepatitis; hepatitis patients; hepatoblasts; hepatocellular; hepatocytes; hepg2; higher; histological; histology; hiv; homa; hours; hrql; hrs; hsc; hscs; human; human liver; hypertension; hypothesis; ifn; ifn therapy; il-18; immune; immunohistochemistry; immunosuppression; impaired; important; improved; improvement; incidence; increased; index; individual; induced; induction; infected; infected patients; infection; inflammation; infusion; inhibitor; initial; initiation; injury; insulin; intake; interferon; intracellular; intrahepatic; introduction; involved; ir1; ishak; isis; isolated; israel; japan; key; kinase; kit; klf6; large; later; length; levels; lfa-1; ligands; like; likely; limit; lineage; linear; lines; lipid; little; liver; liver biopsies; liver biopsy; liver cells; liver disease; liver failure; liver fibrosis; liver injury; liver specific; liver transplantation; load; long; loss; lower; ltx; major; majority; male; marked; markers; marrow; mass; matrix; mdc; mean; mechanism; median; medical; medium; meld; membrane; metabolic; methionine; methods; mglkg; micalb; mice; microarray; microscopy; migration; mild; mitochondrial; model; moderate; molecular; mononuclear; mononuclear cells; monotherapy; months; mouse; mrna; mrp2; muscle; mutations; mxa; naive; napi; necrosis; negative; new; non; normal; northern; novel; ns3; ns5a; ntpdase2; number; o.ool; oatp8; olt; order; organ; outcome; oval; oval cells; overall; oxidative; p =; p<0.05; parameters; parenchymal; partial; pathogenesis; patients; pbmc; pcr; pdc; peak; peg; peginterferon; pegylated; peptide; period; peripheral; persistence; phase; phenotype; plasma; plasmacytoid; platelet; point; polymerase; pools; population; portal; positive; positive cells; positive patients; possible; post; potential; ppar; presence; present; pressure; prevalence; previous; primary; prior; probability; progression; proliferation; promoter; properties; prophylaxis; prospective; protease; protein; protein expression; protocol; quantitative; racial; randomized; range; rat liver; rate; rats; rbv; real; receptor; recipients; recombinant; recurrence; reduction; regeneration; regulated; regulation; rejection; relationships; relative; release; replication; replicon; report; resistance; resolved; respect; responders; response; responsible; results; reverse; ribavirin; rifampicin; risk; role; safety; samples; sarcoidosis; scores; screening; second; self; sequences; serum; serum hcv; severe; severity; sf-36; signal; signaling; significant; similar; single; site; situ; sla; small; smooth; social; socs-1; sp cells; specific; spleen; splenocytes; spontaneously; stage; staining; standard; steatosis; stellate; stellate cells; stem; stem cells; steroids; stimulated; stimulation; stress; strong; studies; study; subjects; support; suppository; surface; survival; sustained; svr; symptoms; system; t cells; taa; table; tacrolimus; targeting; test; tgf; therapeutic; therapy; thl; time; tips; tissue; titer; tolerability; total; transcription; transgenic; transplant patients; transplantation; transplanted; transport; treated; treatment; trial; ttg; ttr; tumor; undifferentiated; unit; university; untreated; uptake; urea; use; values; variability; varices; vein; viral; viral response; virological; virus; vitro; vivo; weekly; weeks; weight; western; wild; years cache: cord-023017-k6edtg58.txt plain text: cord-023017-k6edtg58.txt item: #97 of 445 id: cord-023033-tgt69ir6 author: None title: Poster Session (pp. 78A–178A) date: 2006-02-10 words: 16164 flesch: 41 summary: Moreover, they support the hypothesis that experimental forcing of exogenous antigens into the MHC class I pathway and subsequent promotion of cross-priming is particularly important to generate T cell responses against noncytopathic and tissue tropic viruses such as HCV. For further characterization of T cell epitopes HCV specific T cell clones were generated from 6 patients against eight different HCV epitopes located within the NS3 (aa1027-1657, two epi-topes) and NS4alb (aa1658-1972, six epitopes) region. keywords: -gilead; -no; a20; actin; activation; activity; acute; administration; adv; aim; albumin; alpha; alt; analysis; animals; anr; anti; antigen; apoptosis; arterial; assay; associated; autoimmune; background; bdl; bile; biliary; blood; brain; cadaveric; caveolin; cd4; cd8; cdc42; cells; cellular; cholangiocytes; cholestatic; chronic; class; clearance; clinical; conclusions; contrast; control; core; ct-1; cultured; daily; damage; data; days; death; decrease; dendritic; dependent; desmin; detectable; development; different; disclosures; disease; dna; donor; dst; duct; effects; endothelial; epitopes; experiments; expression; factors; failure; fibrosis; flow; fold; following; form; foxmlb; function; gamma; genes; graft; group; growth; hbv; hcc; hcv; hepatic; hepatitis; hepatocytes; hla; host; hours; hsc; huh; human; ifn; immune; important; incidence; increased; individuals; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inhibition; injuries; injury; intrahepatic; investigator; ischemic; isolated; kupffer; lam; ldlt; levels; liver; loss; mab; map; mean; mechanisms; median; methods; mice; model; months; mrna; negative; nkt; non; normal; ns3; number; observed; olt; ova; patients; pca; pcna; pcr; porcine; portal; positive; post; preconditioning; presence; present; primary; prior; proliferation; protein; pvl; rats; receptors; recipients; recombinant; recurrence; relationships; reperfusion; replication; resection; resistance; responses; results; rfa; rho; rna; role; s1179denos; sciences; secretion; sections; sef; serum; sham; signaling; significant; similar; sma; specific; studies; study; survival; symptoms; system; t cells; taurocholate; therapy; time; tissue; tolerized; transplantation; transplanted; treatment; tumor; type; ulml; upregulation; vascular; viral; virus; vitro; vivo; vs.; weeks; years cache: cord-023033-tgt69ir6.txt plain text: cord-023033-tgt69ir6.txt item: #98 of 445 id: cord-023143-fcno330z author: None title: Molecular aspects of viral immunity date: 2004-02-19 words: 43520 flesch: 44 summary: The immunohistological analysis suggests that CD8+ T cell dependent disappearence of marginal zone macrophages of follicular dendritic cells and of virus infected cells in general correlates with immunosuppression. Our studies indicate that MHC class I resmcted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are activated in response to viral antigens leading to destruction of virus infected cells and loss of transgene expression. keywords: ability; able; absence; acid; activated; activation; activity; acute; acute infection; addition; adenovirus; administration; adult; affinity; aids; amino; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antibody response; antigen; antigenic; antiviral; apc; apoptosis; arginine; assays; associated; association; asymptomatic; attenuated; autologous; b cells; balb; binding; blood; bone; brain; c mice; c57bu6; capable; cause; cd4; cd4 t; cd54; cd8; cell lines; cell memory; cell receptor; cell responses; cell surface; cellular; center; cervical; challenge; changes; characterized; children; chimpanzees; chronic; class; clearance; clinical; clones; cns; common; comparable; complement; complete; complex; conformational; conserved; consistent; constructs; context; contrast; control; corresponding; cotton; course; critical; cross; ctl; ctl activity; ctl clones; ctl epitopes; ctl response; ctlp; culture; cvb3; cycle; cytokines; cytotoxic t; damage; data; days; decrease; defense; deficient; degradation; deletion; delivery; demyelination; dengue; department; dependent; detectable; determinants; development; dhf; differences; different; dilution; direct; disease; distinct; dna; dose; e3/19k; early; ebv; effect; effective; effector; effector cells; ehv-1; elderly; elisa; encoding; endogenous; enhanced; enterovirus; envelope; epithelial; epitopes; escape; essential; evidence; experiments; exposure; expression; facs; factors; fibroblasts; findings; fold; form; frequency; function; gag; gene; generation; genetic; genome; glycoprotein; good; gp120; gpt; group; hbsag; hbv; heart; helper; hepatitis; heterologous; high; higher; hiv; hiv infection; hiv-1; hla; homologous; host; host cell; hours; hpv; hpv16; hsv; htlv; human; humoral; icp47; ifn; ifny; igg; il-12; il-4; il-6; immune; immune cell; immune response; immunity; immunization; immunized; immunogenic; immunological; immunology; immunosuppression; important; increase; individuals; induced; induction; infected; infected cells; infected mice; infection; infectivity; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; inhibited; inhibition; inoculated; inoculation; institute; interactions; isolated; kinetics; laboratory; large; later; lcl; lcmv; ldv; length; lethal; levels; like; limited; lines; little; live; long; loss; low; lower; lung; lymphocytes; macaques; macrophages; major; majority; marrow; mcmv; mechanism; medical; membrane; memory; memory t; mhc; mhc class; mice; microglia; mln; model; molecular; molecules; mononuclear; months; mortality; mouse; mrna; multiple; murine; mutant; mutation; naive; natural; negative; neurons; neutralizing; new; nk cell; node; non; normal; normal mice; nude; nude mice; number; order; overlapping; p53; p60; particles; pathogenesis; pathology; pathway; patients; pattern; pbmc; pcr; peptides; peripheral; persistent; pfu; phase; plasma; play; poliovirus; polyclonal; polyoma; population; position; positive; possibility; possible; post; potential; precursors; presence; present; presentation; previous; primary; processing; production; products; progression; proliferation; promoter; properties; protective; protein; rabies; range; rapid; reactive; receptor; recognition; recombinant; reduced; region; related; relative; release; replication; reported; research; residues; resistant; respiratory; response; responsible; restricted; results; rna; role; rotavirus; route; rsv; sag; school; scid; second; secondary; secretion; sendai; sendai virus; sensitive; sequence; sera; serum; severe; short; significant; similar; single; site; situ; siv; soluble; specific; specific antibody; specific ctl; spleen; spleen cells; stages; state; stimulated; stimulation; strains; strategy; structural; studies; study; subsequent; suppression; surface; susceptibility; susceptible; synthetic; system; t cells; t h; tap; target; target cells; tcr; term; terminal; terminus; tested; thl; time; tissue; titers; tmev; tnf; total; tract; transcription; transfer; transgenic; transgenic mice; transport; treatment; tumor; tumor cells; type; type virus; university; vaccinated; vaccine; vaccinia; vaccinia virus; variants; variation; variety; vector; viral; viral gene; viral proteins; virus; virus infection; virus replication; virus specific; virus strain; viruses; vitro; vivo; volunteers; vsv; weeks; wild; years; young cache: cord-023143-fcno330z.txt plain text: cord-023143-fcno330z.txt item: #99 of 445 id: cord-023306-3gdfo6vd author: None title: TSANZ Oral Abstracts date: 2010-03-01 words: 23408 flesch: 50 summary: This prospective study confirms the risk status assigned by the LCSS with 41 (6%) vs. 11 (2%) lung cancers over the 5 year follow up (OR = 2.6 (%% CI 1.3-5.4, p = 0.005).The performance characteristics of the LCSS reported here, confirm its utility, in correctly identifying smokers at greatest lung cancer risk. In the Indigenous Australian setting the SGRQ total score was independently associated with exacerbation frequency and lung function (% predicted FEV1) whilst the symptom score was associated more strongly with AE frequency and activity score with lung function. keywords: 6mwd; activity; adherence; adult; age; aged; ahr; aim; aims; airway; alri; analysis; anti; aoct; asbestos; assessment; associated; asthma; asthmatics; atopic; australia; background; bal; baseline; benefit; birth; blood; bos; bronchiectasis; cancer; capacity; care; cases; cdad; cells; centres; cf patients; challenge; changes; chest; childhood; children; chronic; clinical; clonal; cohort; collagen; common; community; conclusion; conflict; control; copd; cough; cse; ctpa; culture; current; cystic; cytokine; daily; data; days; decreased; deficiency; department; determined; development; diagnosis; difference; disease; distensibility; dose; dyspnea; early; effect; electronic; emphysema; epithelial; eradication; evidence; exercise; exposure; expression; factor; family; feno; fev; fev1; fibrosis; findings; following; frequency; function; fvc; gag; gene; gp130; gps; group; growth; gsh; healthy; high; higher; history; hmc-1a; hospital; hours; human; ifn; iga; ige; igg; il-17a; il-6; immune; impaired; important; improved; improvement; incidence; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhaled; interest; intervention; introduction; levels; life; local; low; lower; lung; lung function; macrophage; major; management; markers; massive; maternal; mbl; mean; measures; median; medical; medication; mesothelioma; methods; mice; minute; model; monitoring; months; mortality; mrna; n =; new; nhmrc; nil; nomination; non; normal; nox2; number; obstructive; outcomes; oxygen; pal; paracetamol; parameters; participants; pathway; patients; peak; people; period; plasma; poor; positive; post; potential; predictors; pregnancy; pregnant; preterm; prevalence; primary; prior; production; program; proliferation; prospective; protein; pulmonary; quality; questionnaire; ra+; randomised; range; reduced; reflex; regulation; rehabilitation; release; repair; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; role; samples; scans; score; screening; sec; severe; significant; similar; small; smokers; smoking; smr; spacer; specific; spirometry; sputum; stage; status; strains; studies; study; subjects; support; swallow; symptoms; technique; term; test; tgfb; time; tissue; total; transplant; transplantation; trapping; treatment; type; use; useful; ventilation; viruses; volume; walk; weight; women; years; young cache: cord-023306-3gdfo6vd.txt plain text: cord-023306-3gdfo6vd.txt item: #100 of 445 id: cord-023372-ft8cp9op author: Rahman, Q. K. title: The Immunomodulatory Effect of Heat Shock Protein 70: Immunization with a DNA Construct Based on the Malarial Antigen Fused with a Fragment of HSP 70 Primes for a Th‐1 Type of Response date: 2008-06-28 words: 16884 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; adjuvant; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effect; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; fusion; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunized; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; new; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; risk; role; samples; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; similar; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023372-ft8cp9op.txt plain text: cord-023372-ft8cp9op.txt item: #101 of 445 id: cord-023373-6wh1kb3p author: Melchjorsen, J. title: Differential Requirements for Toll‐Like Receptor Signalling for Induction of Chemokine Expression by Herpes Simplex Virus and Sendai Virus date: 2008-06-28 words: 16861 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; interactions; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sendai; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tlr; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023373-6wh1kb3p.txt plain text: cord-023373-6wh1kb3p.txt item: #102 of 445 id: cord-023374-87ob1exq author: Sukhija, S. title: Levels, Complement Activity and Polymorphisms of Mannan‐Binding Lectin in Patients of Bronchial Asthma with Allergic Rhinitis date: 2008-06-28 words: 16911 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; bronchial; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbl levels; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; polymorphisms; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; rhinitis; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023374-87ob1exq.txt plain text: cord-023374-87ob1exq.txt item: #103 of 445 id: cord-023375-x4p187u7 author: Alitalo, A. title: Lysine‐Dependent Binding of OspE to the C‐terminus of Factor H Mediates Complement Resistance in Borrelia burgdorferi date: 2008-06-28 words: 17080 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: ability; acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; amino; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; burgdorferi; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; interactions; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; lipoproteins; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; mammalian; mapping; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mouse; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; regions; release; response; results; role; samples; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023375-x4p187u7.txt plain text: cord-023375-x4p187u7.txt item: #104 of 445 id: cord-023387-tyeh14wz author: Hvas, C. L. title: Probiotic Bacteria Induce Regulatory Cytokine Production via Dendritic Cells date: 2008-06-28 words: 16914 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; autologous; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd25; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; pronounced; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; regulatory; release; response; results; role; samples; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; spp; stimulation; stockholm; strains; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; upregulation; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023387-tyeh14wz.txt plain text: cord-023387-tyeh14wz.txt item: #105 of 445 id: cord-023388-btbf6wkg author: Hoffmann, H. J. title: Decrease in Fine T‐cell Subset ratio MT2/MT1 During Steroid Reduction of Asthmatic Patients date: 2008-06-28 words: 16939 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effect; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; function; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ics; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lung; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mt1; mt2; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; pronounced; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023388-btbf6wkg.txt plain text: cord-023388-btbf6wkg.txt item: #106 of 445 id: cord-023389-ilrp8vb7 author: Wefer, J. title: Protective DNA Vaccination Against MOG(91‐108)‐Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Involves Induction of IFNβ date: 2008-06-28 words: 16866 flesch: 43 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; eae; effect; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; lymphocytes; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; mechanisms; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; upregulation; use; vaccination; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023389-ilrp8vb7.txt plain text: cord-023389-ilrp8vb7.txt item: #107 of 445 id: cord-023390-5hcgdlmt author: Bhuvanath, S. title: Inflammatory Cytokine Modulation of Cancer Cell Proliferation date: 2008-06-28 words: 16839 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; adjuvant; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; cancer cell; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokines; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effect; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; project; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023390-5hcgdlmt.txt plain text: cord-023390-5hcgdlmt.txt item: #108 of 445 id: cord-023391-bq5w3jk9 author: Utermöhlen, O. title: Delayed Elimination of the LCM Virus from Acid Sphingomyelinase‐Deficient Mice due to Reduced Expansion of Virus‐Specific CD8(+) T Lymphocytes date: 2008-06-28 words: 16877 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; asmase; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; contact; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lcm; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; lymphocytes; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; wildtype; þ t cache: cord-023391-bq5w3jk9.txt plain text: cord-023391-bq5w3jk9.txt item: #109 of 445 id: cord-023392-axd0901z author: Hansen, T. K. title: Association between Mannose‐Binding Lectin and Vascular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes date: 2008-06-28 words: 16965 flesch: 43 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; complications; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; diabetic; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; genotypes; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; iqr; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbl levels; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; polymorphisms; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; pronounced; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; risk; role; samples; sera; serum; significant; similar; single; site; skin; species; specific; status; stimulation; stockholm; strains; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; vascular; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023392-axd0901z.txt plain text: cord-023392-axd0901z.txt item: #110 of 445 id: cord-023393-8nye3nc8 author: Krarup, A. title: Mannan‐Binding Lectin, L‐Ficolin and H‐Ficolin Selectively Binds to Different Bacteria date: 2008-06-28 words: 16840 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: ability; acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; aureus; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serotypes; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023393-8nye3nc8.txt plain text: cord-023393-8nye3nc8.txt item: #111 of 445 id: cord-023394-ptfjxpo6 author: Isa, A. title: Mapping of the Ex Vivo Cellular Immune Response Against the Complete Human Parvovirus B19 Genome During Acute Infection date: 2008-06-28 words: 16925 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; acute; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; b19; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; majority; malaria; mapping; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; period; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023394-ptfjxpo6.txt plain text: cord-023394-ptfjxpo6.txt item: #112 of 445 id: cord-023402-8qfmo6rq author: Reinholdt, J. title: Pneumococcal IgA1 Protease Activity Interferes with Opsonophagocytosis of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Mediated by Serotype‐Specific Human Monoclonal IgA1 Antibodies date: 2008-06-28 words: 17031 flesch: 43 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; iga2; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; opsonophagocytosis; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; pneumococci; polysaccharide; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; similar; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; wildtype; þ t cache: cord-023402-8qfmo6rq.txt plain text: cord-023402-8qfmo6rq.txt item: #113 of 445 id: cord-023403-jzdrvfvr author: Ahlfors, E. title: Proliferation of Cells in the Oral Mucosa, the Ear Skin and the Regional Lymph Nodes in Mice Sensitized and Elicited with a Hapten date: 2008-06-28 words: 16946 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Scand J Immunol DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423ac.x sha: doc_id: 23403 cord_uid: jzdrvfvr During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; contact; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; ear; effects; elicitation; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; period; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; similar; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023403-jzdrvfvr.txt plain text: cord-023403-jzdrvfvr.txt item: #114 of 445 id: cord-023407-s85g7g0x author: Huang, Y.‐M. title: Anti‐Inflammatory Liver X Receptors and Related Molecules in Multiple Sclerosis Patients from Sardinia and Sweden date: 2008-06-28 words: 17096 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; incidence; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; lower; lxrs; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; multiple; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; related; release; response; results; role; samples; sardinia; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; sweden; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023407-s85g7g0x.txt plain text: cord-023407-s85g7g0x.txt item: #115 of 445 id: cord-023410-eblcf902 author: Kollgaard, T. M. title: Clonally Expanded CD8(+) T cells in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation date: 2008-06-28 words: 16936 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; bmt; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; clonotypes; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; gvhd; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; period; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; project; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; risk; role; samples; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023410-eblcf902.txt plain text: cord-023410-eblcf902.txt item: #116 of 445 id: cord-023411-iszb5qlk author: Astrinidou‐Vakaloudi, A. title: Presence of Helicobacter pylori Antibodies in Haemodialysis Patients date: 2008-06-28 words: 16900 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; def; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; risk; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023411-iszb5qlk.txt plain text: cord-023411-iszb5qlk.txt item: #117 of 445 id: cord-023414-xxw5kptr author: Chistensen, H. R. title: Characterization of a Large Panel of Lactic Acid Bacteria Derived from the Human Gut for their Capacity to Polarize Dendritic Cell date: 2008-06-28 words: 16935 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cd86; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; pronounced; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; spp; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; upregulation; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weak; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023414-xxw5kptr.txt plain text: cord-023414-xxw5kptr.txt item: #118 of 445 id: cord-023415-hhvmsn5b author: Karlsson, H. title: Pattern of Cytokine Responses to Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Commensal Bacteria is Profoundly Changed when Monocytes Differentiate into Dendritic Cells date: 2008-06-28 words: 16930 flesch: 43 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: ability; acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; commensal; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; parvula; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023415-hhvmsn5b.txt plain text: cord-023415-hhvmsn5b.txt item: #119 of 445 id: cord-023417-by18aczt author: Vilhelmsson, M. title: The Malassezia sympodialis Allergen Mala s 11 with Sequence Similarity to Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Induces Maturation and Production of Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Dendritic Cells date: 2008-06-28 words: 16952 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cd86; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokines; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; enzyme; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; mala; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; mddcs; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sentinel; sequence; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023417-by18aczt.txt plain text: cord-023417-by18aczt.txt item: #120 of 445 id: cord-023419-lnmc6vv5 author: Steinhauer, C. title: High‐Throughput Proteomics on Antibody‐based Microarrays: the Importance of Probe and Surface Design date: 2008-06-28 words: 16905 flesch: 43 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; better; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; framework; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; new; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023419-lnmc6vv5.txt plain text: cord-023419-lnmc6vv5.txt item: #121 of 445 id: cord-023421-1d1gf7az author: Sønder, S. U. S. title: Monitoring Patients Treated with Type 1 Interferons: Antiviral versus MxA Induction Assays date: 2008-06-28 words: 16886 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; better; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; mxa; nab; negative; nephropathy; new; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023421-1d1gf7az.txt plain text: cord-023421-1d1gf7az.txt item: #122 of 445 id: cord-023425-3sjsogvq author: Røntved, C. M. title: Do High and Low Tumour Necrosis Factor‐α Responders Exist in Dairy Cows? date: 2008-06-28 words: 16906 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cows; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; dairy; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; period; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; responsiveness; results; role; samples; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; tnf‐α; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023425-3sjsogvq.txt plain text: cord-023425-3sjsogvq.txt item: #123 of 445 id: cord-023429-x52gbklw author: Ruseva, M. title: Mannan‐Binding Lectin Inhibits Humoural Responses date: 2008-06-28 words: 16901 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; better; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; complexes; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; double; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; higher; hla; human; humoural; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; similar; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023429-x52gbklw.txt plain text: cord-023429-x52gbklw.txt item: #124 of 445 id: cord-023430-5zuewjv2 author: Nilkaeo, A. title: Interleukin‐18 Inhibition of Oral Carcinoma Cell Proliferation date: 2008-06-28 words: 16928 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; def; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; function; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; project; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023430-5zuewjv2.txt plain text: cord-023430-5zuewjv2.txt item: #125 of 445 id: cord-023431-zjyrhlxn author: Sigmundsdóttir, H. title: Differential Effects of Interleukin‐12 and Interleukin‐10 on Superantigen‐Induced Expression of Cutaneous Lymphocyte‐Associated Antigen and αEβ7 Integrin (CD103) by CD8(+) T cells date: 2008-06-28 words: 16888 flesch: 43 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd103; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cutaneous; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epithelial; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; interaction; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023431-zjyrhlxn.txt plain text: cord-023431-zjyrhlxn.txt item: #126 of 445 id: cord-023433-d1b7qvhs author: Siassi, M. title: Expression of Human Collectins in Colorectal Carcinoma date: 2008-06-28 words: 16927 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; collectins; colon; colorectal; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; crc; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023433-d1b7qvhs.txt plain text: cord-023433-d1b7qvhs.txt item: #127 of 445 id: cord-023438-g0k0vvdc author: Krog, J. title: The Effects of Hyperbaric Exposure on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, with Special Emphasis on Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Subsets date: 2008-06-28 words: 16901 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; divers; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; experimental; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023438-g0k0vvdc.txt plain text: cord-023438-g0k0vvdc.txt item: #128 of 445 id: cord-023439-r04y1j22 author: Hedegaard, C. J. title: The Role of Immune Complexes Consisting of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), Anti‐MBP Antibodies and Complement in Promoting CD4(+) T‐cell Responses to MBP in Health and Multiple Sclerosis date: 2008-06-28 words: 16953 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; b cells; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; complexes; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ics; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; multiple; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptides; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023439-r04y1j22.txt plain text: cord-023439-r04y1j22.txt item: #129 of 445 id: cord-023441-q83y12sk author: Draborg, H. title: Recominant Expression and Immunological Characterization of House Dust Mite Allergen Der P 1 date: 2008-06-28 words: 16926 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: ability; acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; risk; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023441-q83y12sk.txt plain text: cord-023441-q83y12sk.txt item: #130 of 445 id: cord-023443-pvz7dll9 author: None title: Abstracts for the Scandinavian Society for Immunology 35th Annual Meeting and 20th Summer School date: 2004-06-02 words: 16664 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; corresponding; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; dcs; def; dendritic; dependent; der; development; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nephropathy; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; pbmcs; peptide; peripheral; phenotype; positive; potential; presence; present; probes; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sassari; sentinel; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; stimulation; stockholm; strains; strong; studies; study; subsequent; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tlr; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023443-pvz7dll9.txt plain text: cord-023443-pvz7dll9.txt item: #131 of 445 id: cord-023445-c4tqioz1 author: Lauridsen, C. title: Supplementation of Vitamin C to Weaner Diets Increases IgM Concentration and Improves the Biological Activity of Vitamin E in Alveolar Macrophages date: 2008-06-28 words: 16968 flesch: 44 summary: Findings in this project could provide an insight of cancer cell response to these cytokines and this could lead to a consideration on using cytokine as immunotherapy for cancer treatment. During contact sensitivity reaction, immune cells proliferate. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adenosine; ag85a; aim; allergen; allergic; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigens; antiviral; applied; assays; associated; association; asthma; bacteria; binding; blood; cancer; capacity; carcinoma; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; cla; clinical; coli; complement; concentration; conclusion; control; cytokine; cytometry; cytotoxicity; data; database; day; dcs; dendritic; dependent; der; development; dietary; differences; different; disease; dna; domain; donors; e.g.; effects; epitopes; exon; expression; factor; ficolin; findings; flora; flow; gene; group; growth; gut; hbsag; healthy; high; higher; hla; human; ifn; iga1; igg; igm; il-12; immune; immunity; immunotherapy; important; increase; individuals; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; innate; interaction; involved; lab; lactobacillus; large; lectin; levels; like; line; low; lower; lymph; macrophages; major; malaria; markers; masp-2; maturation; mbl; mbp; methods; mhc; mice; microarrays; model; molecular; molecules; monocytes; mononuclear; mrna; mucosa; negative; nk cells; nodes; normal; novel; opri; oral; ospe; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; peptide; period; peripheral; phenotype; piglets; positive; potential; presence; present; production; proliferation; protease; protein; proteome; pylori; qbc; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; response; results; role; samples; sera; serum; significant; single; site; skin; species; specific; status; stimulation; stockholm; strains; studies; study; subsequent; supplementation; surface; surgery; survival; svegf; svegfr1; system; t cells; target; th1; th2; time; tnf; treatment; tumour; type; use; vaccine; virus; vitamin; vitro; vivo; weaning; weeks; þ t cache: cord-023445-c4tqioz1.txt plain text: cord-023445-c4tqioz1.txt item: #132 of 445 id: cord-023585-n3lr9z3u author: Phillpotts, Robert title: Interferon prophylaxis of the common cold date: 2003-01-06 words: 1971 flesch: 51 summary: I Human interferons (HulFN) are pro-/ teins or glycoproteins of which there are: 3 principal types, a, 13, and y. HulFN a and p: ~re both produced by cel~s after exposure to a virus: WN a by leucocytes and LFN 13 by fibroblast,,,. There is species specificity in this process v ,'11, while not absolute, means in practice that human interferon must be used to treat human cells. keywords: active; agent; antiviral; cause; cells; challenge; cold; common; doses; effects; experiment; exposure; future; hulfn; human; ifn; infection; interferon; intranasal; levels; long; mechanism; mild; phillpotts; prophylactic; research; rhinovirus; term; use; virus; viruses cache: cord-023585-n3lr9z3u.txt plain text: cord-023585-n3lr9z3u.txt item: #133 of 445 id: cord-023724-5at0rhqk author: Cann, Alan J. title: Infection date: 2015-07-24 words: 14985 flesch: 44 summary: The former strategy relies on two approaches: public and personal hygiene, which perhaps plays the major role in preventing virus infection (e.g., provision of clean drinking water and disposal of sewage; good medical practice such as the sterilization of surgical instruments) and vaccination, which makes use of the immune system to combat virus infections. A common misconception is that virus infection inevitably results in disease. keywords: able; acids; action; activation; active; activity; acyclovir; adaptive; adcc; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigenic; antigens; antiviral; apoptosis; azt; bacteria; binding; body; cases; cause; cell; cellular; certain; chapter; clear; clinical; complement; complex; control; crispr; ctls; damage; death; different; direct; disease; dna; drugs; early; effective; effects; encode; example; expression; factor; fas; figure; function; gene; genomes; herpesviruses; high; hiv; host; hsv; human; humoral; ifn; ifns; immune; immune response; immune system; immunity; important; inducers; induction; infected; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibition; interaction; interference; killing; known; large; latent; life; long; major; means; mechanisms; membrane; mhc; mice; mirnas; molecular; molecules; mucosal; mutations; natural; necrosis; new; number; organism; particles; pathogenesis; persistent; plant; plant viruses; possible; potential; presence; present; primary; problem; process; production; proteins; receptor; recognition; recombinant; release; replication; resistance; response; result; resulting; rna; route; secondary; sequences; short; single; site; small; species; specific; spread; surface; symptoms; synthesis; system; systemic; target; terms; therapy; tissue; transcription; transmission; treatment; type; vaccines; vectors; virus; virus infection; virus particles; virus proteins; virus replication; virus vaccines; viruses; way cache: cord-023724-5at0rhqk.txt plain text: cord-023724-5at0rhqk.txt item: #134 of 445 id: cord-024651-578c9ut5 author: None title: 2020 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference date: 2020-05-11 words: 84772 flesch: 43 summary: CARD11 deficiency was confirmed by stimulating patient B cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate (PMA) and ionomycin and immunoblotting for signalling proteins in both the NF-κB (IKKα/β, IκBα, p65) and MAPK (MEK1/2, MKK4, JNK1/2, ERK1/2) pathways as well as cleavage substrates of the MALT1 paracaspase (RELB, CYLD, BCL10, HOIL1). Furthermore, RNA-Seq confirmed the developmental block observed in patient B cells and suggested that B cells were halted at the centroblast to centrocyte transition. keywords: aan; abdominal; abnormal; abnormalities; abscess; absence; absent; absolute; abstract; acid; activation; active; activity; acute; ada; adaptive; addition; adequate; administration; admission; adult; adverse; affected; affected patients; age; ages; aic; aiha; aim; allele; allergic; allergy; allogeneic; alpha; alps; alps patients; alternative; analysis; anemia; anti; antibiotics; antibodies; antibody; antigen; apds; apeced; apoptosis; approach; appropriate; areas; arpc1b; arthritis; assay; assessment; associated; association; asthma; asymptomatic; ataxia; atopic; atopy; atypical; aureus; autoantibodies; autoantibody; autoimmune; autoimmunity; autoinflammatory; autosomal; available; average; b cells; background; bacteremia; bacterial; bacterial infections; baseline; benioff; best; beta; better; biallelic; bilateral; binding; biologic; biomarker; biopsies; biopsy; birth; blood; bone; bortezomib; bowel; boy; brain; broad; bronchiectasis; busulfan; campylobacter; cancer; candida; candidiasis; card11; care; carriers; case; case presentation; case report; causes; causing; cd18; cd19; cd20; cd3; cd34; cd4; cd8; cd8 t; cell lymphopenia; cell transplantation; cells; cellular; cellulitis; center; central; cgd; cgd patients; changes; characteristics; characterized; chart; chemotherapy; chest; chief; childhood; children; chimerism; chronic; classic; clear; clinical; clinical presentation; cmv; cohort; colitis; combination; combined; common; compartment; complement; complete; complex; complicated; complications; compound; concern; conclusion; conditioning; conditions; confirmed; congenital; consanguineous; consensus; consistent; continued; control; copy; correlation; corticosteroids; count; course; criteria; critical; crucial; csf; ctla-4; ctla4; culture; cutaneous; cvid; cxcr4; cycles; cyclosporine; cytokine; cytometry; cytopenias; daily; data; database; date; days; death; decision; decreased; defective; defects; deficiencies; deficiency; deficiency patients; delay; deletion; demographic; department; dependent; dermatitis; description; detailed; detection; development; dexamethasone; dgs; diagnosis; diarrhea; different; differentiation; difficult; diffuse; discharge; discussion; disease; disorders; distinct; diversity; division; dna; domain; dominant; donor; dose; dosing; drug; ds patients; dupilumab; dysfunction; dysregulation; earlier; early; ebv; eczema; effect; effective; effector; elevated; encoding; enteropathy; eosinophils; episodes; essential; etiology; evaluation; events; evidence; exam; exome; exon; expansion; exposure; expression; extensive; extent; face; factor; failure; families; family; fas; fatal; father; fbs; features; febrile; female; fever; fibroblasts; fibrosis; figure; findings; flow; fludarabine; following; formation; forms; foxp3; free; frequency; frequent; function; fungal; future; gain; gastrointestinal; gata2; gene; general; generation; genetic; genome; genomic; germline; girl; glild; glycosylation; gof; gof patients; grade; graft; granulomatous; greater; group; growth; gvhd; half; haploinsufficiency; hct; healthy; heart; helper; hematopoietic; hemolytic; hepatitis; hepatosplenomegaly; herpes; heterogeneous; heterozygous; hhv-6; hies; high; higher; highest; history; hiv; hla; hlh; homozygous; hospital; hospitalization; host; hours; hpo; hsct; human; humoral; hyperplasia; hypertension; hypogammaglobulinemia; ibd; identification; idiopathic; ifn; iga; ige; igg; igg2; igg4; igm; igrt; ikaros; ikzf1; il-18; il-6; ilcs; imaging; immune; immune cells; immune deficiency; immune dysregulation; immune evaluation; immune response; immune system; immunodeficiency; immunoglobulin; immunological; immunologists; immunology; immunophenotyping; immunosuppressive; impact; impaired; important; improved; improvement; incidence; increase; index; individuals; induced; induction; infants; infections; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; infusion; inhibitor; initial; initiation; innate; institute; institution; interferon; interstitial; intracellular; intravenous; introduction; invasive; involvement; ipex; iron; isolated; ivig; jak; jak1; kidney; kinase; knowledge; known; laboratory; lack; large; later; lead; left; length; lesions; levels; like; likely; limited; literature; liver; lof; long; loss; low; lower; lrba; lung; lung disease; lupus; lymphadenopathy; lymphocyte; lymphoid; lymphoma; lymphopenia; lymphoproliferation; macrophages; major; majority; male; malignancies; malignancy; management; manifestations; markers; marrow; mass; matched; maternal; mature; mbl; mcs; mean; mechanism; median; medical; medications; members; memory; memory b; memory t; meningitis; metabolic; methods; methotrexate; mice; mild; missense; mm3; model; moderate; molecular; monitoring; monoclonal; monocytes; monogenic; monthly; months; morbidity; mortality; mother; mri; mucosal; multiple; mutations; mycoplasma; myeloid; myopathy; national; natural; naïve; nbs; ncf1; need; negative; nephritic; neutropenia; neutrophils; new; newborn; nfkb1; niaid; nih; nk cells; nodes; non; normal; normal levels; normal t; normalized; notable; note; novel; nrh; number; objective; observed; old; ongoing; onset; optimal; oral; organ; otitis; outcomes; overall; p67phox; pad; pain; panel; parental; parents; partial; participants; particular; past; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathologic; pathway; patients; pcr; pediatric; pediatric patients; percentage; perforations; period; peripheral; persistent; pgm3; phenotype; phenotyping; phosphorylation; physical; pi3k; pid; pid patients; pidd; pids; pik3cd; plasma; platelet; pneumococcal; pneumonia; polysaccharide; poor; population; positive; possible; post; potential; prednisone; preliminary; presence; present; presentation; prevalence; previous; primary; primary immune; primary immunodeficiency; prior; process; production; professor; program; progression; proliferation; prolonged; prophylaxis; proportion; protective; protein; protocol; providers; pts; pulmonary; range; rapamycin; rapid; rare; rash; rate; reaction; recent; receptor; recessive; records; recurrent; recurrent infections; reduced; refractory; regimen; regions; registry; regulatory; related; relevant; remission; renal; repeat; repertoire; replacement; report text; reported; reports; required; research; resolution; respiratory; respiratory infections; response; results; retrospective; review; right; risk; rituximab; role; ruxolitinib; safety; samples; scan; scid; scig; screening; secondary; section; sepsis; sequencing; serum; setting; severe; severe infections; severe t; severity; short; sibling; sid; signaling; significant; similar; single; sinopulmonary; sinusitis; sirolimus; sister; site; sjs; skin; sle; small; somatic; species; specific; spectrum; splenomegaly; staining; standard; starting; stat3; stat3 patients; status; steroids; stimulation; strategies; studies; study; subcutaneous; subjects; submission; subsequent; subsets; subunit; successful; support; survival; susceptibility; switched; symptoms; syndrome; system; systemic; t cells; table; targeted; tcf3; tcr; telangiectasia; term; terminal; testing; tests; tetanus; text; text introduction; th17; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; thrombocytopenia; thymectomy; thymus; time; tissue; titers; tongue; topical; total; toxicity; transcription; transduced; transition; transplant; transplantation; trb; treatment; trec; tryptase; ucsf; ulcers; underlying; understanding; undetectable; unique; unknown; unrelated; unremarkable; upper; use; users; vaccination; vaccine; values; variable; variant; viral; viral infections; virus; vitro; vus; warts; wasp; weekly; weeks; weight; wes; wide; work; workup; worsening; xla; years; years old; young; zika cache: cord-024651-578c9ut5.txt plain text: cord-024651-578c9ut5.txt item: #135 of 445 id: cord-025181-eg108wcd author: Zheng, Zhihang title: Establishment of Murine Infection Models with Biological Clones of Dengue Viruses Derived from a Single Clinical Viral Isolate date: 2020-05-25 words: 5990 flesch: 50 summary: Our research here provides two kinds of dengue virus infection mouse models, which reproduce both severe and self-limited manifestations of human diseases, expanding the current choice of dengue viral infection small animal models. As type I/II interferon deficient mice are more susceptible to dengue virus infection, we determined the in vivo infectivity of these two viruses in type I and type II IFN receptors double knock-out AG6 mice. keywords: adapted; adaptive; ag6; animal; antibody; assay; balb; c6/36; cells; china; clinical; copy; day; days; deficient; dengue; dengue virus; denv-2; development; differences; different; disease; dose; dpi; et al; evans; fig; foci; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; infected; infection; isolate; leakage; lethal; limited; loss; manifestations; mice; model; mosquito; mouse; ns3; old; pfu; plaque; post; receptor; regions; replication; responses; rna; s.c; self; sequence; sera; single; sizes; small; strain; study; suitable; type; usa; vaccine; variants; vero; viral; virus; viruses; weeks; weight cache: cord-025181-eg108wcd.txt plain text: cord-025181-eg108wcd.txt item: #136 of 445 id: cord-028945-p3hhd5ed author: Şahar, Esra Atalay title: Development of a hexavalent recombinant protein vaccine adjuvanted with Montanide ISA 50 V and determination of its protective efficacy against acute toxoplasmosis date: 2020-07-10 words: 7386 flesch: 48 summary: Apart from these, multiplexing recombinant proteins induced strong and balanced Th1 and Th2 immune responses and improved protection against toxoplasmosis and thus showing the the importance of using multivalant recombinant protein vaccines in future vaccine development studies against ruminants, cats or humans. Recombinant protein vaccines are safe and efficient, and have a great potential for prevention or eradication of diseases. keywords: adjuvant; animals; antigenic; antigens; bioinformatics; candidate; cd4; cd8; cell; cellular; coli; control; cysts; development; elisa; epitopes; expression; fig; glycosylation; gondii; groups; hexavalent; hexavalent recombinant; higher; humans; humoral; ifn; igg; igg1; igg2a; il-4; immune; infection; isa; kda; lethal; levels; lymphocytes; mhc; mice; min; mixture; montanide; montanide isa; murine; parasite; pbs; protection; protein; protein mixture; protein vaccine; purified; ra4; ratio; rd6; re4; re6; recombinant; recombinant protein; response; results; rh2; rh6; rpm; sera; significant; sites; strain; strong; study; survival; t. gondii; table; tachyzoites; th1; tissue; total; toxoplasma; toxoplasmosis; usa; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine cache: cord-028945-p3hhd5ed.txt plain text: cord-028945-p3hhd5ed.txt item: #137 of 445 id: cord-029488-l11ufs6k author: Tomita, Kengo title: Vascular endothelial growth factor contributes to lung vascular hyperpermeability in sepsis-associated acute lung injury date: 2020-07-21 words: 5101 flesch: 35 summary: Taken together, our results indicate that VEGF can contribute to the development of non-cardiogenic lung edema in sepsis-associated ALI due to increased VEGF secretion from pulmonary vascular endothelial cells through multiple MAPK-dependent pathways. 5 Schematic diagram of the participation of VEGF released from pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in noncardiogenic high vascular permeability pulmonary edema associated with LPS-induced ALI. keywords: activation; acute; ali; animals; anti; antibody; ards; bal; bevacizumab; cardiogenic; cells; challenge; clp; control; development; edema; elisa; endothelial; epithelial; et al; expression; factor; fig; fluid; gapdh; growth; high; hpmec; human; hyperpermeability; ifn; igm; increase; induced; inhibitor; injury; jnk; kinase; levels; lps; lung; mapk; mice; microvascular; model; monoclonal; mouse; mrna; non; organ; p38; pcr; permeability; plasma; protein; pulmonary; receptors; respiratory; role; sepsis; septic; sham; signaling; significant; st1.6r; study; surgery; time; tissues; treatment; usa; vascular; vascular endothelial; vascular permeability; vegf; vegfr1 cache: cord-029488-l11ufs6k.txt plain text: cord-029488-l11ufs6k.txt item: #138 of 445 id: cord-032183-yqqqe325 author: Ning, Qin title: Antiviral Therapy for AECHB and Severe Hepatitis B (Liver Failure) date: 2019-05-21 words: 32709 flesch: 39 summary: Survival analysis of 190 patients with HBV-related acuteon-chronic liver failure Does antiviral therapy reduce complications of cirrhosis? Hepatitis B-associated fibrosis and fibrosis/cirrhosis regression with nucleoside and nucleotide analogs Lamivudine treatment in patients with severely decompensated cirrhosis due to replicating hepatitis B infection Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease Determinants of early mortality in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B treated with antiviral therapy The role of lamivudine and predictors of mortality in severe flare-up of chronic hepatitis B with jaundice Meta-analysis of the short-term effects of lamivudine treatment for severe chronic hepatitis B Lamivudine monotherapy for spontaneous severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B Adefovir dipivoxil therapy for lamivudine resistant hepatitis B in pre-and post-liver transplantation patients Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAgpositive chronic hepatitis B Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAgnegative chronic hepatitis B Entecavir versus lamivudine therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B-associated liver failure: a meta-analysis Entecavir vs. lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B patients with severe acute exacerbation and hepatic decompensation The pros and cons of lamivudine vs. entecavir in decompensated or severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B Efficacy and safety of telbivudine therapy in liver failure patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of telbivudine and lamivudine in treatment-naïve patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis Nucleoside analogues improve the short-term and long-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure The study of efficacy of lamivudine in patients with severe acute hepatitis B HBV-DNA suppression and disease course in HBV cirrhosis patients on long-term lamivudine therapy Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine Long-term continuous entecavir therapy in nucleos(t) ide-naïve chronic hepatitis B patients Update in the management of chronic hepatitis B Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2012 update A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2008 update Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level United States Lamivudine Compassionate Use Study Group. In 64% of patients HBV DNA levels were detectable by the branched chain DNA assay. keywords: aasld; ablation; aclf; active; activity; acute; addition; adefovir; adv; adverse; aechb; agents; alt; analogs; analogues; analysis; antigen; antiviral; antiviral therapy; antiviral treatment; apoptosis; association; b immune; b virus; baseline; benefit; breakthrough; cancer; carcinoma; cases; cccdna; cells; chb; chb patients; chemotherapy; china; chinese; chronic hbv; chronic hepatitis; chronic liver; cirrhosis; cirrhosis patients; cirrhotic; clinical; combination; combination therapy; combined; complete; comprehensive; consensus; continuous; control; copies; course; ctp; cumulative; curative; cure; current; cytotoxic; damage; data; death; decompensated; decompensation; decrease; development; different; dipivoxil; disease; dna level; dose; drug; early; easl; effect; effective; efficacy; emtricitabine; entecavir; entry; etv; evidence; exacerbation; expression; factors; failure; failure patients; fibrosis; follow; function; globulin; goal; group; growth; guidelines; hbeag; hbig; hbs; hbv; hbv dna; hbv infection; hbv reactivation; hbv recurrence; hbv replication; hbv therapy; hbv treatment; hbx; hcc; hcc patients; hepatic; hepatitis b; hepatocellular; hepatocyte; high; high hbv; higher; hiv; host; human; ifn; immune; immunosuppressive; important; improved; improvement; incidence; increased; independent; infected; infection; inflammation; inhibit; initial; interferon; lamivudine; lamivudine treatment; ldt; lead; level; life; liver; liver cancer; liver cirrhosis; liver disease; liver failure; liver function; liver transplantation; load; long; loss; low; lower; management; median; medical; meld; meta; monotherapy; months; mortality; mutations; nas; need; negative; negative patients; new; non; normal; nucleoside; number; oral; outcome; overall; pathway; patients; peg; pegylated; period; poor; positive; positive patients; post; postoperative; potent; practice; predictor; pregnancy; prevention; prognosis; progression; prophylaxis; prospective; protein; randomized; rate; reactivation; recent; recommendations; recurrence; replication; rescue; resection; resistance; response; results; risk; role; safety; score; sequential; seroconversion; serum; serum hbv; severe; severe hepatitis; significant; similar; specific; stage; strategies; studies; study; suppression; surface; survival; sustained; switch; tace; tdf; telbivudine; tenofovir; term; therapeutic; therapy; thyroid; time; tolerance; total; transplantation; treatment; treatment group; trial; tumor; use; vaccination; vaccine; virological; virus; virus infection; weeks; years cache: cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt plain text: cord-032183-yqqqe325.txt item: #139 of 445 id: cord-034467-jh9msz1c author: Olagoke, Olusola title: Koalas vaccinated against Koala retrovirus respond by producing increased levels of interferon-gamma date: 2020-10-31 words: 2227 flesch: 42 summary: Finally, CD4 gene expression levels were significantly lower than CD8β gene expression levels (~ 10 folds) (Fig. 1c) . The results showed that prior to vaccination, IL-8 was expressed at the highest levels, with at least 200-fold greater expression compared to other cytokines, while CD8 mRNA expression was significantly higher than CD4 mRNA expression level. keywords: associated; australia; cd4; change; cytokines; endogenous; expression; factors; fig; fold; genes; host; ifn; il-8; immune; increase; infected; infection; koalas; korv; levels; mrna; northern; post; response; restriction; retrovirus; rsad2; significant; study; vaccination; vaccine; viral; weeks; work cache: cord-034467-jh9msz1c.txt plain text: cord-034467-jh9msz1c.txt item: #140 of 445 id: cord-048485-b8xb1f12 author: Hulst, Marcel title: Early transcriptional response in the jejunum of germ-free piglets after oral infection with virulent rotavirus date: 2008-06-04 words: 6320 flesch: 41 summary: The rotavirus enterotoxin NSP4 mobilizes intracellular calcium in human intestinal cells by stimulating phospholipase C-mediated inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate production Rotaviruses and their replication Transmission of F4 + E coli in groups of early weaned piglets Molecular cloning of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase from the periimplantation porcine uterus by messenger ribonucleic acid differential display: temporal and conceptus-modulated gene expression Twists and turns in the development and maintenance of the mammalian small intestine epithelium Il-6 and its soluble receptor orchestrate a temporal switch in the pattern of leukocyte recruitment seen during acute inflammation Inactivation of the RNase activity of glycoprotein E rns of classical swine fever virus results in a cytopathogenic virus Increased thioredoxin-1 inhibits SSAT expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells Inclusion of linseed and linseed expeller meal in piglet diets affects intestinal gene expression profiles Regulatory role for a novel human thioredoxin peroxidase in NF-kappaB activation Rotavirus infection reduces sucrase-isomaltase expression in human intestinal epithelial cells by perturbing protein targeting and organization of microvillar cytoskeleton Txr1: a transcriptional regulator of thrombospondin-1 that modulates cellular sensitivity to taxanes Role of the enteric nervous system in the fluid and electrolyte secretion of rotavirus diarrhea Pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea Mechanisms of CD47-induced caspase-independent cell death in normal and leukemic cells: link between phosphatidylserine exposure and cytoskeleton organization Interplay between IFN-gamma and IL-6 signaling governs neutrophil trafficking and apoptosis during acute inflammation State University of Utrecht 33. It is tempting to link up-regulation of MS4A2 directly to NSP4induced enhancement of Ca 2+ permeability of the plasma and ER membranes in intestinal epithelial cells [29, 40] . keywords: acid; activity; addition; analysis; apoptosis; calcium; casp3; cdna; cells; changes; collected; comparison; concentration; control; crypt; cytoskeleton; data; death; diarrhea; differential; dye; enterocytes; epithelial; expression; fold; free; function; gel; genes; germ; goblet; higher; hpi; human; hybridization; ifn; infected; infection; intestinal; intracellular; jejunal; jejunum; length; levels; mice; microarray; mrna; mucosal; nsp4; oaz1; old; pathogenesis; pcr; phospholipase; piglets; pigs; pla2; porcine; probes; process; protein; ratio; real; regulation; replication; response; results; rna; role; rotavirus; samples; sat; scrapings; severe; slides; small; studies; study; supplementary; table; time; transcriptional; txn; types; villi; villus cache: cord-048485-b8xb1f12.txt plain text: cord-048485-b8xb1f12.txt item: #141 of 445 id: cord-048489-ajafw966 author: Bozza, Fernando A title: Multiplex cytokine profile from dengue patients: MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma as predictive factors for severity date: 2008-06-25 words: 4939 flesch: 41 summary: R Foundation for Statistical Computing Activation of T lymphocytes in dengue virus infections. Chemotaxis, Ca2+ mobilization, and enzyme release Alpha and beta chemokines induce NK cell migration and enhance NK-mediated cytolysis Elevated tumour necrosis factor in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha and transforming growth factor beta-1 in children with dengue 2 virus infection in French Polynesia Correlation Of Serum Levels Of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor With Disease Severity And Clinical Outcome In Dengue Patients Characterisation of lymphocyte response and cytokine patterns in patients with dengue fever Differing influences of virus burden and immune activation on disease severity in secondary dengue-3 virus infections Th(2) immune response in patients with dengue during defervescence: preliminary evidence Altered cytokine responses of dengue-specific CD4+ T cells to heterologous serotypes Dengue-specific T cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained prior to secondary dengue virus infections in Thai schoolchildren Alternative activation of macrophages Effects of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on expression of adhesion molecules and production of cytokines in blood monocytes and ovarian cancer-associated macrophages MCP-1, a highly expressed chemokine in dengue haemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome patients, may cause permeability change, possibly through reduced tight junctions of vascular endothelium cells IL8 release, tight junction and cytoskeleton dynamic reorganization conducive to permeability increase are induced by dengue virus infection of microvascular endothelial monolayers Predictors of spontaneous bleeding in Dengue Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever, Brazil Of cascades and perfect storms: the immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever-dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) keywords: activation; alpha; analysis; assay; authors; bio; blood; cases; cells; clinical; correlation; csf; cytokine; data; defervescence; dengue; dhf; diagnosis; different; disease; earlier; early; endothelial; factors; fever; figure; forms; good; haemorrhagic; hypotension; ifn; il-1β; il-6; immune; increase; infection; inflammatory; leakage; levels; manifestations; mcp-1; mild; mip-1β; models; monocytes; multiplex; order; outcome; patients; permeability; phase; plasma; present; production; profiles; related; response; role; samples; secondary; severe; severity; specific; statistical; studies; study; table; test; thrombocytopenia; time; tnf; viral; virus cache: cord-048489-ajafw966.txt plain text: cord-048489-ajafw966.txt item: #142 of 445 id: cord-103511-31njndob author: Broggi, Achille title: Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition date: 2020-05-05 words: 3898 flesch: 50 summary: Although different viruses vary in their virulence and pathogenic potential, 235 the most severe cases of lung RNA viral infections share similar features that suggest an immune 236 pathological etiology. The EpCAMcells were sorted for immune cells as follows: aMac were gated as CD45 + Ly6g -CD11c hi Siglec-F + , monocytes and monocyte-derived cells (Mo) were gated as CD45 + Ly6g -Siglec-F -Ly6C keywords: anova; aureus; bacterial; bal; cd11c; cells; control; data; days; dcs; epithelial; expression; fig; fisher; flt3l; i.t; ifn; ifnb1; ifnlr1; il1b; immune; infections; influenza; interferons; invasion; lethal; levels; lower; lung; ly6; manufacturer; mavs; mice; mouse; mrna; patients; poly; production; proliferation; protein; respiratory; response; rna; saline; sample; sars; scientific; severe; test; thermo; ticam1; tissue; tlr3; total; treatment; type; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; way cache: cord-103511-31njndob.txt plain text: cord-103511-31njndob.txt item: #143 of 445 id: cord-103625-p55ew8w7 author: Ramana, Chilakamarti V. title: Regulation of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene expression by Stat1-independent type I interferon signaling and respiratory viruses date: 2020-08-14 words: 3333 flesch: 34 summary: A shortlist of Egr-1 regulated genes was generated from the TRUUST transcription factor database and published studies in different cell types and under different stimuli (20) (21) (22) 46) . Interrogation of multiple microarray datasets revealed that respiratory viruses including coronaviruses regulated Egr-1 expression in human lung cell lines. keywords: activation; beta; cell; covid-19; dependent; early; epithelial; erk-1/2; expression; factor; figure; gene; growth; human; ifn; immune; immunity; induced; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; injury; innate; interferon; irf9; lines; lung; mouse; multiple; pathways; patients; profiling; protein; regulated; regulation; respiratory; response; role; serum; signaling; stat1; studies; target; tlr; tnf; transcription; transduction; type; viruses cache: cord-103625-p55ew8w7.txt plain text: cord-103625-p55ew8w7.txt item: #144 of 445 id: cord-103675-21qu87oh author: Dandekar, Ajai A. title: Bystander CD8 T-Cell-Mediated Demyelination is Interferon-γ-Dependent in a Coronavirus Model of Multiple Sclerosis date: 2004-02-29 words: 4175 flesch: 45 summary: New concepts in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis Relation of antecedent illness to development of diabetes in children Molecular mimicry by herpes simplex virus-type 1: autoimmune disease after viral infection Molecular mimicry in multiple sclerosis Epitope spreading in immune-mediated diseases: implications for immunotherapy Viruses as triggers of autoimmunity: facts and fantasies Viral induced demyelination Mouse hepatitis virus Dissociation of demyelination and viral clearance in congenitally immunodeficient mice infected with murine coronavirus JHM CD4 and CD8 T cells have redundant but not identical roles in virus-induced demyelination Inverted immunodominance and impaired cytolytic function of CD8ϩ T cells during viral persistence in the central nervous system Selection of CTL escape mutants in mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus: quantitative estimate of TCR diversity in the infected CNS Bystander CD8 T cell-mediated demyelination after viral infection of the central nervous system Bystander CD4 T cells do not mediate demyelination in mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus IFN-gamma plays a critical down-regulatory role in the induction and effector phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis Gamma interferon is critical for resistance to Theiler's virus-induced demyelination IFN-gamma shapes immune invasion of the central nervous system via regulation of chemokines Failure to suppress the expansion of the activated CD4 T cell population in interferon ␥-deficient mice leads to exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis CD8 T cell-mediated demyelination is IFN-␥ dependent in mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus Late onset, symptomatic, demyelinating encephalomyelitis in mice infected with MHV-JHM in the presence of maternal antibody CD8ϩ T cell epitopes within the surface glycoprotein of a neurotropic coronavirus and correlation with pathogenicity The JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus induces a spike protein-specific D b -restricted CTL response CD8ϩTCRϩ and CD8ϩTCR-cells in whole bone marrow facilitate the engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells across allogeneic barriers Macrophage infiltration, but not apoptosis, is correlated with immune-mediated demyelination following murine infection with a neurotropic coronavirus A central role for CD4ϩ T-cells and RANTES in virus-induced central nervous system inflammation and demyelination Intracellular staining for TNF and IFNgamma detects different frequencies of antigen-specific CD8(ϩ) T cells Effective and selective immune surveillance of the brain by MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes Improved methods for the generation of dendritic cells from nonproliferating progenitors in human blood A pathogenic role for myelin-specific CD8(ϩ) T cells in a model for multiple sclerosis Clonal expansions of CD8(ϩ) T cells dominate the T cell infiltrate in active multiple sclerosis lesions as shown by micromanipulation and single cell polymerase chain reaction Randomized study of antibodies to IFNgamma and TNF-␣ in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon CD4 T-cell-mediated demyelination is increased in the absence of gamma interferon in mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus We previously demonstrated that JHM-infected mice that only have CD8 T cells specific for an epitope not in the virus develop demyelination on specific activation of these cells. keywords: absence; activation; antigen; bone; bystander; cd4; cd8; cells; central; cfa; chemokines; chimeras; cns; coronavirus; critical; cytokines; demyelination; disease; figure; gp33; ifn-; immune; induced; infected; infection; infiltration; jhm; lymphocytes; macrophage; marrow; mice; microglia; mouse; multiple; p14; peptide; process; production; rag1; rag2; results; role; sclerosis; specific; spinal; t cells; transgenic; virus; ϩ/ϩ; ϫ/ϫ cache: cord-103675-21qu87oh.txt plain text: cord-103675-21qu87oh.txt item: #145 of 445 id: cord-252268-o63ep08b author: Carolan, Louise A. title: TaqMan real time RT-PCR assays for detecting ferret innate and adaptive immune responses date: 2014-09-01 words: 6668 flesch: 40 summary: We also assessed TNF␣ expression using previously published TaqMan primers and probe (Nakata et al., 2009 ) and SYBR Green primers Rowe et al., 2010) with our samples and the profiles were consistent with those obtained with the TaqMan assay designed in this study (data not shown). The gene stability of housekeeping genes was calculated using geNorm in qbase+ Version 2.5 (Biogazelle) (Vandesompele et al., 2002) . keywords: analysis; animal; assays; australia; biosystems; cdna; cells; change; chemokine; consistent; control; cultures; cytokine; data; different; dilutions; efficiencies; efficiency; et al; expression; ferret; fig; fold; gapdh; genes; green; h1n1; housekeeping; human; ifn; il1; il10; il2; il4; il6; il8; immune; infection; influenza; initial; innate; instructions; interferon; l32; leukocytes; levels; lps; lymph; manufacturer; mean; mitogens; model; mrna; multiple; node; number; pandemic; pbmcs; pcr; plasmid; primers; probe; profiles; reaction; real; real time; responses; reverse; rna; samples; sequences; series; sets; single; specific; standard; stimulation; study; sybr; table; taqman; target; test; time; time pcr; tnf; type; usa; virus; vitro cache: cord-252268-o63ep08b.txt plain text: cord-252268-o63ep08b.txt item: #146 of 445 id: cord-252485-cxi3cr15 author: Yoshida, Asuka title: IFN-β-inducing, unusual viral RNA species produced by paramyxovirus infection accumulated into distinct cytoplasmic structures in an RNA-type-dependent manner date: 2015-08-04 words: 7105 flesch: 38 summary: The SG-like structures have been suggested to serve as the sites at which the RLRs encounter viral RNA and subsequently activate the IFN signaling pathways in infections by RNA viruses (Onomoto et al., 2012; Yoo et al., 2014) . In spite of the large number of studies conducted in this field, it remains unknown what kinds of viral RNA species are recognized by RLRs and where the sites of recognition are in real infections by RNA viruses. keywords: 4c(-; ability; activation; anti; antiviral; arsenite; baum; cbdi; cells; cellular; cnt; cytoplasmic; dependent; difference; dsrna; encapsidated; et al; figure; fish; formation; g3bp1; genomes; granular; granules; hela; host; iav; ifn; inclusions; inducing; induction; infected; infection; innate; irie; irie et; levels; like; mrna; ndv; non; pkr; positive; production; protein; recombinants; replication; responses; results; rig; rna; rna species; rnas; samples; sendai; sev; sgs; similar; species; strains; stress; structures; study; supplementary; system; tiar; translation; type; unusual; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-252485-cxi3cr15.txt plain text: cord-252485-cxi3cr15.txt item: #147 of 445 id: cord-252528-rgnhfcbx author: Du, Fenghe title: COVID-19: the role of excessive cytokine release and potential ACE2 down-regulation in promoting hypercoagulable state associated with severe illness date: 2020-07-16 words: 8450 flesch: 24 summary: Besides the enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10, have been simultaneously detected in COVID-19 patients, suggesting a dysregulation of the adaptive immune system following the virus infection [2] . Furthermore, ACEI reduces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions in the aorta in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm, indicating the ability of ACEI to reduce vascular inflammation [102] . keywords: ace2; acei; activation; activities; activity; acute; analysis; angiotensin; anti; arb; blood; cells; characteristics; chloroquine; clearance; clinical; coagulation; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; csf; cytokine; cytokine release; differentiation; disease; dysfunction; ecs; effects; endothelial; enhanced; entry; events; evidence; excessive; expression; factor; fig; formation; human; hydroxychloroquine; hypercoagulable; icu; ifn; il-10; il-2; il-6; immune; induced; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory cytokine; interferon; levels; macrophage; marrow; mechanisms; monocyte; patients; plasma; platelet; potential; pro; production; protein; recent; receptor; regulation; release; response; result; risk; role; sars; serum; severe; severe covid-19; severe patients; severity; spike; state; studies; study; syndrome; thrombotic; thrombus; tissue; tocilizumab; treatment; type; vascular; viral; virus; vitro cache: cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt plain text: cord-252528-rgnhfcbx.txt item: #148 of 445 id: cord-252568-b8sbvy0g author: Marques Neto, Lázaro Moreira title: Role of Metallic Nanoparticles in Vaccinology: Implications for Infectious Disease Vaccine Development date: 2017-03-08 words: 5321 flesch: 30 summary: For example, how chemical and physical properties (including material composition, size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity) impact vaccine immune response (5) . Moreover, signals may elicit different function in neutrophils and therefore, influence the quality of T cell responses. keywords: activation; adjuvant; alum; antigen; apcs; aunps; authors; capable; capacity; cells; characteristics; charge; chemokine; cytokine; development; different; direct; effects; et al; factor; formulation; function; generation; gold; helper; high; human; humoral; ifn; igg1; il-6; immune; immune response; immunity; impact; important; induction; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; innate; intracellular; ionps; iron; like; lps; macrophage; menps; metallic; mice; molecules; nanoparticles; neutrophils; nickel; non; nps; oxide; presentation; production; protective; protein; response; role; shape; size; specific; studies; study; surface; system; th1; th17; tnf; types; use; vaccination; vaccine cache: cord-252568-b8sbvy0g.txt plain text: cord-252568-b8sbvy0g.txt item: #149 of 445 id: cord-252671-uf96jgig author: Wang, Yi title: The Membrane Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Functions as a Novel Cytosolic Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern To Promote Beta Interferon Induction via a Toll-Like-Receptor-Related TRAF3-Independent Mechanism date: 2016-02-09 words: 7447 flesch: 45 summary: Early study has shown that M protein possesses a higher substitution rate than other structural proteins in SARS-CoV, and the outcome of these substitutions alters the biochemical and immunological properties of M proteins (43, 44) . Therefore, this amino acid substitution in M proteins indeed affects the interaction between M protein and the PRR for the subsequent IFN-I induction. keywords: activation; adaptor; analysis; anti; assay; cells; complex; construct; cov; cov m; culture; cytosolic; delivery; effect; expression; fig; figure; function; gene; hek293; hek293et; ifn-; independent; induction; interferon; irf3; level; like; luciferase; m gene; m protein; membrane; mrna; myc; myd88; pamp; panel; pathogen; pathway; pcmv; pcr; plasmid; production; products; protein; qrt; reaction; real; receptor; recognition; response; results; rig; rna; sars; signaling; standard; study; tbk1; time; tlr; tlr4; toll; traf3; transfection; trif; viral; virus; western cache: cord-252671-uf96jgig.txt plain text: cord-252671-uf96jgig.txt item: #150 of 445 id: cord-252772-f3fctcru author: Wang, Changlin title: The Coronavirus PEDV Evades Type III Interferon Response Through the miR-30c-5p/SOCS1 Axis date: 2020-05-22 words: 4965 flesch: 44 summary: Compared with a mock uninfected control, PEDV did not increase the expression of IFNλ transcripts as observed until 12 hpi, and then gradually induced IFN-λ expression, indicating that PEDV infection elicits type III IFN expression at the late stage of infection instead of the early stage of infection in the Vero E6 cells (Figure 1A) , which was consistent with the results in porcine enteroids (Li et al., 2019) . PEDV suppresses IRF1-mediated type III IFN responses by reducing the number of peroxisomes and counteracting type III IFN response by PEDV nsp15 endoribonuclease Deng et al., 2019) . keywords: activity; antiviral; axis; cells; cytokine; data; diarrhea; e6 cells; endogenous; epidemic; epithelial; et al; expression; family; figure; host; hpi; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; induced; infection; inhibitor; innate; interferon; lambda; late; levels; luciferase; mir-30c-5p; mirna; overexpression; pedv; pedv infection; porcine; production; replication; response; results; role; signaling; significant; socs1; socs1 expression; stage; study; targeting; type; usa; utr; vero; vero e6; virus; viruses cache: cord-252772-f3fctcru.txt plain text: cord-252772-f3fctcru.txt item: #151 of 445 id: cord-252950-eiphxwmn author: Trouillet-Assant, Sophie title: Type I IFN immunoprofiling in COVID-19 patients date: 2020-04-29 words: 1558 flesch: 44 summary: Clinical features of patients infected with 114 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China COVID-19: 116 consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression TYPE I INTERFERONS (α/β) IN IMMUNITY 118 AND AUTOIMMUNITY /679 and Directive 95/46/EC) and the French data protection law (Law n°78-17 on 06/01/1978 and Décret n°2019-536 on 29/05/2019), we obtained consent from each patient or his next of kin USA) on plasma samples of COVID-19 patients. 61 In this study, we assessed the kinetics of plasma IFN-I in COVID-19 patients with a spectrum of 62 severity degree. keywords: alexandre; antiviral; assay; care; concentrations; covid-19; crp; data; disease; france; icu; ifn; il-6; ill; immune; infection; interferon; ip-10; lyon; number; patients; plasma; protection; protein; respiratory; response; sars; study; test; type; viral cache: cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt plain text: cord-252950-eiphxwmn.txt item: #152 of 445 id: cord-253077-61fmul8c author: Vabret, Nicolas title: Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science date: 2020-05-06 words: 20264 flesch: 30 summary: Tan et al. proposed a prognostic model based on lymphocyte counts at two time points: patients with less than 20% lymphocytes at days 10-12 from the onset of symptoms and less than 5% at days 17-19 had the worst outcomes in this study (Tan et al., 2020a) . Antibodies binding the SARS-CoV-2 internal N protein and the external S glycoprotein are commonly detected (Amanat et al., 2020; Ju et al., 2020; . keywords: 2020b; ace2; activation; acute; acute respiratory; addition; alveolar; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; ards; arm; association; benefit; binding; blood; candidates; cao et; cases; cd4; cd8; cell responses; cells; cellular; characteristics; china; clinical; cohort; control; convalescent; coronavirus; coronavirus disease; coronavirus infection; correlate; counts; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 infection; covid-19 patients; critical; cross; crs; csf; current; cytokine; cytotoxicity; data; days; death; dependent; development; diao; differences; different; disease; domain; dose; early; east; effective; effector; effects; efficacy; elevated; entry; epitopes; et al; evidence; expression; factors; figure; findings; frequencies; function; genetic; group; hcq; healthy; higher; hla; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; icu; ifn; igg; il-6; ill; immune; immunity; impact; impaired; implications; important; increase; individuals; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibitory; inhibits; initial; injury; innate; interferon; killer; levels; like; likely; limited; liu et; long; lopinavir; low; lpv; lung; lymphocyte; lymphoid; lymphopenia; macaques; macrophages; major; markers; mechanisms; medrxiv; memory; mers; middle; mild; models; moderate; monoclonal; monocytes; mortality; myeloid; nabs; natural; need; neutralization; neutralizing; nk cells; non; novel; number; onset; outcomes; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathology; pathways; patients; peripheral; plasma; pneumonia; poor; potential; primary; production; prognostic; protease; protein; pulmonary; randomized; ratio; rbd; reactive; recent; receptor; recovered; recovery; recruitment; reduced; release; remdesivir; replication; report; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; results; retrospective; review; risk; rna; robust; role; safety; sars; sars coronavirus; serum; severe; severe acute; severe covid-19; severity; signaling; significant; similar; single; specific; spike; storm; strategies; studies; study; susceptibility; symptoms; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; t cells; table; target; term; testing; therapeutic; therapy; time; titers; tnf; treatment; trials; type; understanding; use; vaccine; variants; viral; viruses; vitro; wang et; wuhan; yang; years; zheng; zhou cache: cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt plain text: cord-253077-61fmul8c.txt item: #153 of 445 id: cord-253335-wgqierp6 author: Brook, Cara E title: Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence date: 2020-02-03 words: 9563 flesch: 31 summary: key: cord-253335-wgqierp6 authors: Brook, Cara E; Boots, Mike; Chandran, Kartik; Dobson, Andrew P; Drosten, Christian; Graham, Andrea L; Grenfell, Bryan T; Müller, Marcel A; Ng, Melinda; Wang, Lin-Fa; van Leeuwen, Anieke title: Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence date: 2020-02-03 journal: eLife DOI: 10.7554/elife.48401 sha: doc_id: 253335 cord_uid: wgqierp6 Bats host virulent zoonotic viruses without experiencing disease. We carried out virus infectivity assays on bat cell lines expressing induced and constitutive immune phenotypes, then developed a theoretical model of our in vitro system, which we fit to empirical data. keywords: absent; acquisition; analysis; antiviral; antiviral cells; assumptions; bat; bat cell; bats; best; case; cell; cell lines; cellular; combination; conditions; constitutive; constitutive immune; control; culture; cycles; data; defenses; disease; dynamics; ebov; emergence; empirical; endemic; epidemic; equilibrium; estimates; et al; experiments; expression; extent; extinction; field; figure; file; fit; fits; fitting; following; high; higher; hoechst; host; humans; ifn; images; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; initial; interferon; invasion; limit; lines; live; marv; mean; model; modeling; moi; monolayer; mortality; number; pakit01; pakit01 cells; parameter; pathogen; pavlovich; persistent; phenotypes; plates; population; processes; proportion; rapid; rate; receptor; response; results; roni/7.1; rvsv; series; space; spatial; state; status; supplementary; susceptible; system; table; term; theoretical; time; tissue; transmission; trials; unique; values; vero; virus; viruses; zhou cache: cord-253335-wgqierp6.txt plain text: cord-253335-wgqierp6.txt item: #154 of 445 id: cord-253501-hkxlq3os author: Anang, Saumya title: Recent Advances Towards the Development of a Potent Antiviral Against the Hepatitis E Virus date: 2018-06-28 words: 4428 flesch: 30 summary: In vivo evidence for ribavirin-induced mutagenesis of the hepatitis E virus genome Mutagenic effects of ribavirin on hepatitis E virus-viral extinction versus selection of fitness-enhancing mutations Ribavirin at the era of novel direct antiviral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: relevance of pharmacological monitoring Three-month pegylated interferon-alpha-2a therapy for chronic hepatitis E virus infection in a haemodialysis patient P61 Pegylated interferon and ribavarin combination therapy achieves hepatitis E virus clearance in chronic hepatitis E virus/human immunodeficiency virus co-infection Treatment of chronic hepatitis E in liver transplant recipients with pegylated interferon alpha-2b Chronic hepatitis E virus infection: successful virologic response to pegylated interferon-alpha therapy Antiviral activities of different interferon types and subtypes against hepatitis E virus replication Disparity of basal and therapeutically activated interferon signalling in constraining hepatitis E virus infection Hepatitis E virus inhibits type I interferon induction by ORF1 products Suppression of interferon-a signaling by hepatitis E virus The hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein modulates epidermal growth factor receptor trafficking, STAT3 translocation, and the acute-phase response Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of interferon-alpha: recognition and management Pegylated interferon-alpha for treating chronic hepatitis E virus infection after liver transplantation Antiviral strategies for hepatitis E virus Calcineurin inhibitors stimulate and mycophenolic acid inhibits replication of hepatitis E virus Cross talk between nucleotide synthesis pathways with cellular immunity in constraining hepatitis E virus replication Nucleoside analogue 2'-C-methylcytidine inhibits hepatitis E virus replication but antagonizes Molecular virology of hepatitis E virus Transfusiontransmitted hepatitis E in a patient with myelodysplastic syndromes A case of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E caused by blood from a donor infected with hepatitis E virus via zoonotic food-borne route Fetal and neonatal health consequences of vertically transmitted hepatitis E virus infection Seroprevalence and mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis E virus among pregnant women in the United Arab Emirates Hepatitis E in pregnancy Clinical course and duration of viremia in vertically transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in babies born to HEVinfected mothers Expanding host range and cross-species infection of hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplant recipients Hepatitis E-induced severe myositis Hepatitis E virus infection in HIV-infected persons Hepatitis E virus infection as a cause of graft hepatitis in liver transplant recipients Chronic hepatitis e in heart transplant recipients Chronic hepatitis E infection in a persistently immunosuppressed patient unable to be eliminated after ribavirin therapy Incidence and severity of viral hepatitis in pregnancy Outcome of hepatitis E virus infection in Indian pregnant women admitted to a tertiary care hospital HEV-associated cryoglobulinaemia and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E Hepatitis E virus infection and acute non-traumatic neurological injury: A prospective multicentre study Rash and arthralgia caused by hepatitis E Extrahepatic replication and infection of hepatitis E virus in neuronal-derived cells The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005 keywords: activity; acute; alpha; antiviral; cells; cellular; chronic; complex; culture; dehydrogenase; dependent; dependent rna; development; different; direct; disease; e virus; effect; entry; factors; failure; genome; genotype; grp78; hcv; hepatitis; hev; host; human; ifn; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; interaction; interferon; investigation; liver; mammalian; mechanism; methyltransferase; multiple; orf3; organ; pathway; patients; peg; pegylated; polymerase; potent; potential; protein; recent; recipients; release; replication; ribavirin; rna; rna polymerase; sofosbuvir; specific; studies; therapeutic; therapy; translation; transplant; treatment; viral; virus; zinc cache: cord-253501-hkxlq3os.txt plain text: cord-253501-hkxlq3os.txt item: #155 of 445 id: cord-253743-hj9mq6lq author: Matthew, J. title: Seasonal Distribution Of Respiratory Viruses In Pediatric Asthma In Trinidad West Indies date: 2007-01-31 words: 417 flesch: 45 summary: We hypothesize that children identified as wheezers will present with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-viral cytokines in nasal lavage samples during symptomatic RV infection compared to non-wheezers during symptomatic RV infection. Concentrations of IL-6 were significantly higher during symptomatic RV infection than when well (14.6 vs. 9.91, p<0.001). keywords: asthma; children; higher; ifn; infection; levels; symptomatic; wheezers cache: cord-253743-hj9mq6lq.txt plain text: cord-253743-hj9mq6lq.txt item: #156 of 445 id: cord-253862-jl1zhg13 author: Khalaf, Khalil title: SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Diagnostics and Treatment date: 2020-10-06 words: 14633 flesch: 37 summary: A cohort study Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection Challenges of convalescent plasma infusion therapy in Middle East respiratory coronavirus infection: a single centre experience Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Treatment of 5 critically Ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma Safety update: COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 20,000 hospitalized patients Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus viroporin 3A activates the NLRP3 inflammasome The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China Biology of IL-38 and its role in disease IL-37 is a fundamental inhibitor of innate immunity Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by COVID-19 (CoV-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease Use of baricitinib in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants Neutralizing epitopes of the SARS-CoV S-protein cluster independent of repertoire, antigen structure or mAb technology Monoclonal antibodies targeting the HR2 domain and the region immediately upstream of the HR2 of the S protein neutralize in vitro infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, therapeutic potential Perspectives on monoclonal antibody therapy as potential therapeutic intervention for Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) Similar to SARS, infected patients presented with a variety of clinical courses, from mild upper respiratory symptoms to fulminant pneumonia and multi-organ system failure. keywords: action; activation; activity; acute; analysis; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; assay; autophagy; available; azithromycin; bat; benefit; blood; broad; capable; care; cases; cd147; cd4; cells; clearance; clinical; cohort; combination; control; convalescent; converting; coronavirus; cough; course; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokine; damage; days; dependent; detection; development; diagnostic; different; disease; domain; dose; drug; early; effects; efficacy; elisa; entry; enzyme; et al; expression; failure; favipiravir; formation; function; future; gene; genome; group; healthy; high; higher; hiv-1; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; igg; igm; il-1; il-6; ill; illness; immune; immunity; increase; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibitor; injury; innate; interaction; interferon; label; levels; like; load; lopinavir; lower; lung; markers; material; mechanism; mers; mild; monoclonal; mortality; ncov; negative; new; non; novel; nsp; number; open; order; organ; outbreak; pathogen; pathway; patients; pcr; phase; placebo; plasma; pneumonia; polymerase; positive; possible; potential; production; protease; protein; randomized; rapid; rate; rdrp; receptor; release; remdesivir; replication; research; respiratory; response; responsible; results; review; ribavirin; ritonavir; rna; safety; samples; sars; sensitivity; severe; single; specific; spike; standard; storm; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; systematic; target; testing; tests; therapeutic; therapy; time; tocilizumab; transmission; treatment; trial; type; use; viral; viruses; vitro cache: cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt plain text: cord-253862-jl1zhg13.txt item: #157 of 445 id: cord-254192-86ksgl5t author: Li, Liang title: IFN-Lambda 3 Mediates Antiviral Protection Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Inducing a Distinct Antiviral Transcript Profile in Porcine Intestinal Epithelia date: 2019-10-17 words: 7276 flesch: 42 summary: The IFN family is categorized into three different types: type I IFN (IFN-α/β), type II IFN (IFN-γ), and type III IFN (IFN-λ). Mice with type I IFN or III IFN receptor knockout experience more severe viral intestinal infections, but Ifnl −/− mice show higher viral loads and more serious clinical symptoms than IFNAR −/− mice (17, 18) . keywords: activity; analysis; antiviral; biological; cells; cellular; china; classical; control; critical; data; diarrhea; different; enrichment; enteroids; epithelial; expression; figure; fold; functions; genes; groups; higher; host; ifn; ifns; iii; important; induced; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; intestinal; ipec; isgs; j2 cells; jak; lambda; levels; line; min; mucosal; mx2; pathway; pedv; pmx2; porcine; porcine ifn; previous; processes; profile; protein; qpcr; regulation; research; response; results; rna; role; rsad2; seq; signaling; stat; stimulation; studies; study; subgroup; total; transcriptional; type; unique; upregulated; usa; vero; virus cache: cord-254192-86ksgl5t.txt plain text: cord-254192-86ksgl5t.txt item: #158 of 445 id: cord-254492-42d77vxf author: Heaton, Steven M. title: Ubiquitin in the activation and attenuation of innate antiviral immunity date: 2016-01-11 words: 7459 flesch: 25 summary: USP4 is a DUb that sustains RLR signaling by specifically removing such chains (Wang et al., 2013a) . NEDD4 family-interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) binds MAVS and recruits Smurf1 and possibly Smurf2, facilitating ubiquitination of unknown sites within MAVS (Wang et al., 2012c; Pan et al., 2014) . keywords: activation; adaptor; antiviral; binding; card; cascades; cells; cellular; chains; complex; cross; cytokine; degradation; dependent; domain; dubs; e3s; enzyme; et al; expression; factor; fig; gene; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; inducible; induction; infection; inhibit; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; irf7; k48; k63; key; kinase; ligase; like; mavs; mda5; mechanism; mitochondrial; modifications; myd88; negative; nemo; nlr; nlrc5; nod2; ns1; nucleotide; oligomerization; pathways; phosphorylation; polyubiquitin; polyubiquitination; production; protein; prrs; receptor; recruitment; regulates; regulation; regulatory; residues; response; rig; rlr; rna; rnf135; role; signaling; signals; sites; smurf1; specific; system; talk; targeting; targets; tbk1; tlr; toll; traf3; transcription; trif; trim25; type; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; unknown; virus; viruses cache: cord-254492-42d77vxf.txt plain text: cord-254492-42d77vxf.txt item: #159 of 445 id: cord-254747-vox5xsgd author: Deng, Xufang title: An “Old” Protein with A New Story: Coronavirus Endoribonuclease Is Important for Evading Host Antiviral Defenses date: 2018-04-01 words: 5743 flesch: 43 summary: In line with this prediction, we and others reported a specific, punctate, perinuclear localization of CoV nsp15 during viral infection (Heusipp et al., 1997; Shi et al., 1999; Deng et al., 2017; Athmer et al., 2017) , while ectopically expressed nsp15 was distributed throughout the cytoplasm (Cao and Zhang, 2012) . It was first discovered that the EndoU activity of nsp15 mediates the evasion of host recognition of viral dsRNA by infecting primary macrophages with EndoU-deficient CoVs (Deng et al., 2017; Kindler et al., 2017) . keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; arterivirus; bhardwaj; catalytic; cells; cleavage; coronavirus; cov; cov nsp15; covs; critical; data; deficient; deng; domain; dsrna; early; endoribonuclease; endou; endou activity; et al; evasion; expression; fig; hexamer; host; ifn; infected; infection; ivanov; ivanov et; kindler; kindler et; levels; macrophages; mda5; mhv; murine; mutants; new; nidoviruses; nonstructural; nsp15; oas; pathways; pkr; porcine; pp1ab; products; protein; replication; reproductive; residues; respiratory; response; results; rna; rnase; role; sars; sensors; sequence; shi; similar; snijder; specific; structure; studies; syndrome; synthesis; type; viral; virus cache: cord-254747-vox5xsgd.txt plain text: cord-254747-vox5xsgd.txt item: #160 of 445 id: cord-254895-ym0jsir5 author: Eisenächer, Katharina title: The role of viral nucleic acid recognition in dendritic cells for innate and adaptive antiviral immunity date: 2008-01-18 words: 9107 flesch: 31 summary: TLR7 does not seem to play an essential role in the innate immune response to RNA virus infection in vivo. (Xu et al., 2005) and CARD adapter inducing IFN-b (CARDIF) (Meylan et al., 2005) , respectively. keywords: absence; acid; activation; adaptor; addition; alpha; antiviral; beta; binding; card; cells; complex; contrast; conventional; cpg; deficient; dendritic; dependent; different; dna; domain; downstream; dsrna; early; essential; et al; expression; function; gene; helicase; hepatitis; herpes; high; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; innate; interaction; interferon; intracellular; ips-1; irf3; irf7; krug; krug et; lgp2; ligands; like; lund; manner; mcmv; mda5; mice; murine; myd88; nfkb; ns1; nucleic; pathway; pattern; pdcs; plasmacytoid; production; protein; receptor; recognition; regulation; regulatory; replication; response; rig; rna; role; signaling; specific; studies; system; tbk1; terminal; tlr3; tlr7; tlr8; tlr9; tlrs; toll; traf6; trif; type; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; vsv cache: cord-254895-ym0jsir5.txt plain text: cord-254895-ym0jsir5.txt item: #161 of 445 id: cord-255013-njpuc475 author: He, Xiaocui title: Establishment of Myotis myotis Cell Lines - Model for Investigation of Host-Pathogen Interaction in a Natural Host for Emerging Viruses date: 2014-10-08 words: 4531 flesch: 46 summary: Euro surveillance : bulletin europeen sur les maladies transmissibles Fatal human rabies caused by European bat Lyssavirus type 2a infection in Scotland Emerging diseases in Chiroptera: why bats? Passive surveillance (1987 to 2004) of United Kingdom bats for European bat lyssaviruses Experimental Nipah virus infection in pteropid bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) Experimental hendra virus infectionin pregnant guinea-pigs and fruit Bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) Antiviral immune responses of bats: a review Transmission studies of Hendra virus (equine morbillivirus) in fruit bats, horses and cats Experimental study of European bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii) Bats and viruses: friend or foe? Pathogenesis studies with Australian bat lyssavirus in grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) Establishment, immortalisation and characterisation of pteropid bat cell lines Type I interferon reaction to viral infection in interferon-competent, immortalized cell lines from the African fruit bat Eidolon helvum Establishment of cell line from embryonic tissue of Pipistrellus ceylonicus bat species from India & its susceptibility to different viruses Bat airway epithelial cells: a novel tool for the study of zoonotic viruses Interferon production and signaling pathways are antagonized during henipavirus infection of fruit bat cell lines Anti-Lyssaviral Activity of Interferons kappa and omega from the Serotine Bat, Eptesicus serotinus White-nose syndrome fungus: a generalist pathogen of hibernating bats Standardized detection of Simian virus 40 by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in pediatric malignancies Enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance in indigenous bat species from Germany -a retrospective study Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) A broader variety of bat cell lines, particularly European bat cell lines from tissues of immune relevance, is therefore urgently in demand for lyssavirus-host studies. keywords: antiviral; bats; brain; cell; cell lines; cns; different; eblv-1; established; european; expression; fig; fold; genes; host; hpi; human; ifit3; ifn; immortalized; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; innate; interferon; isg43; isg56; kit; levels; like; lines; lyssavirus; mda5; mechanisms; microglia; mmbr; mmnep; mmnol; mmpca; mmto; models; moi; myotis; natural; p,0.05; pcr; poly; protein; prrs; rabies; rabv; replication; responses; species; specific; stimulation; studies; study; susceptibility; system; tlr3; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-255013-njpuc475.txt plain text: cord-255013-njpuc475.txt item: #162 of 445 id: cord-255034-x100xo2t author: Theresine, Maud title: Airway Natural Killer Cells and Bacteria in Health and Disease date: 2020-09-25 words: 10643 flesch: 36 summary: Nowadays, NK cells are considered as a strong weapon for cancer immunotherapy and can for example be transduced to express tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors or harnessed with therapeutic antibodies such as the so-called NK engagers. Whereas a large body of literature exists about the antiviral and antitumoral properties of NK cells, their potential role in bacterial infections is not that well delineated. keywords: activation; activity; adaptive; addition; aeruginosa; airway; anti; antibody; antigen; aureus; authors; autologous; bacterial; blood; bright; cancer; case; cd16; cd56; cd69; cells; chemokines; chronic; cohort; contact; contrast; copd; cytokines; cytotoxic; cytotoxicity; damage; defense; dependent; depletion; different; dim; direct; disease; effect; epithelial; et al; expression; functional; group; healthy; higher; hla; human; ifn; il-10; immune; immunity; important; increased; individuals; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; killer; killer cells; killing; level; ligands; lower; lung; lung nk; lymphocytes; macrophages; mice; microbiota; model; molecules; mouse; mycobacterium; nasal; natural; natural killer; negative; nk cells; nkg2d; non; number; obstructive; pathogen; patients; percentage; perforin; phenotype; pneumoniae; polyps; potential; present; production; pulmonary; receptors; regulated; respiratory; response; role; smokers; specific; spleen; state; stimulation; studies; study; subset; target; tissue; tuberculosis; tumor; viral; vitro; vivo cache: cord-255034-x100xo2t.txt plain text: cord-255034-x100xo2t.txt item: #163 of 445 id: cord-255607-dbexsugq author: Wu, Yang title: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp15 Antagonizes Interferon Signaling by RNA Degradation of TBK1 and IRF3 date: 2020-05-31 words: 6424 flesch: 39 summary: Briefly, nuclease reactions contained 4 µg of purified wild-type PEDV nsp15 protein, PEDV nsp15 mutant protein, or GST tag protein as control, and 6 µg TBK1 or IRF3 RNA transcribed and purified in vitro. The number below the red residue indicates its corresponding position at PEDV nsp15 protein, respectively. keywords: activity; analysis; antiviral; assay; autophagy; blot; cells; collected; constructed; control; coronavirus; d265a; data; degradation; dependent; diarrhea; dna; endogenous; endoribonuclease; endou; epidemic; expression; factor; figure; gene; h226a; h241a; hek293; host; ifn; immune; infection; innate; interferon; ipec; irf3; itraq; k282a; key; levels; mechanisms; mrna; mutant; nsp15; pathway; pcr; pedv; pedv nsp15; pgem; plasmids; porcine; post; previous; production; proteasome; proteins; purified; quantitative; recombinant; residues; response; results; rna; samples; sars; signaling; specific; study; table; tbk1; transfection; type; ubiquitin; usa; vector; viral; virus; viruses; vsv; wild cache: cord-255607-dbexsugq.txt plain text: cord-255607-dbexsugq.txt item: #164 of 445 id: cord-255709-tm3we5sd author: Mossel, Eric C. title: Synergistic Inhibition of Sars-Coronavirus Replication by Type I and Type II IFN date: 2006 words: 895 flesch: 44 summary: The inhibitory effect achieved with combination IFN-β and IFN-γ treatment was consistently greater than 3000-fold at all time points tested and reached levels of greater than 1×10 5 -fold at 72 hpi relative to vehicle treated Vero E6 cells. IFN pretreated Vero E6 cells were infected with SARS-CoV at a MOI of 0.01. keywords: antiviral; cells; coronavirus; cov; cpe; effect; ifn; interferon; replication; sars; type; virus cache: cord-255709-tm3we5sd.txt plain text: cord-255709-tm3we5sd.txt item: #165 of 445 id: cord-255773-b4re5bky author: Zhang, Qingzhan title: Suppression of type I interferon production by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and degradation of CREB-binding protein by nsp1 date: 2016-01-14 words: 9943 flesch: 42 summary: We further sought to study whether the CBP degradation by PEDV was mediated by nsp1 protein. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid protein antagonizes beta interferon production by sequestering the interaction between IRF3 and TBK1 Modulation of CREB binding protein function by the promyelocytic (PML) oncoprotein suggests a role for nuclear bodies in hormone signaling Mechanisms of activation of interferon regulator factor 3: the role of C-terminal domain phosphorylation in IRF-3 dimerization and DNA binding Genome organization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus Rac1 and PAK1 are upstream of IKK-epsilon and TBK-1 in the viral activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 The disruption of ND10 during herpes simplex virus infection correlates with the Vmw110-and proteasome-dependent loss of several PML isoforms Adenovirus small E1A employs the lysine acetylases p300/CBP and tumor suppressor Rb to repress select host genes and promote productive virus infection IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces interleukin-15 through the NF-kappaB signaling pathway Equine arteritis virus does not induce interferon production in equine endothelial cells: identification of nonstructural protein 1 as a main interferon antagonist The viral protein A238L inhibits TNF-alpha expression through a CBP/p300 transcriptional coactivators pathway Degradation of CREB-binding protein and modulation of type I interferon induction by the zinc finger motif of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1alpha subunit Modulation of innate immune signaling by nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in the family Arteriviridae Propagation of the virus of porcine epidemic diarrhea in cell culture IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors Alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free HeLa cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate SARS coronavirus nsp1 protein induces template-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage of mRNAs: viral mRNAs are resistant to nsp1-induced RNA cleavage Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 4 antagonizes beta interferon expression by targeting the NF-kappaB essential modulator Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays essential roles in T-cell transformation associated with HTLV-1 infection by stabilizing complex between tax and CREB Thogoto virus ML protein suppresses keywords: accessory; activation; activities; activity; acute; alphacoronavirus; antagonists; anti; antibody; antiviral; association; beta; blot; bodies; cbp; cbp degradation; cells; complex; control; coronavirus; cov; creb; data; degradation; dependent; diarrhea; enhanceosome; epidemic; epithelial; et al; evasion; evident; expression; factor; fig; flag; function; gene; gfp; hela; host; ifn; ifns; immune; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; level; localization; luciferase; macrophages; marc-145; min; modulation; mrna; nonstructural; nsp1; nsp3; nuclear; nucleus; orf3; p300; panel; pathway; pcr; pedv; pedv nsp1; phosphorylation; plates; pml; poly(i; porcine; post; production; promoter; proteasome; protein; prrsv; receptor; replication; reproductive; respiratory; response; rna; role; sars; severe; signaling; specific; stimulation; study; supernatants; suppresses; suppression; syndrome; system; time; transcription; transfection; translocation; treatment; type; ubiquitin; vero; viral; virus; viruses; vsv; western cache: cord-255773-b4re5bky.txt plain text: cord-255773-b4re5bky.txt item: #166 of 445 id: cord-255781-55zrmgxq author: Bergman, Scott J. title: Interferons as Therapeutic Agents for Infectious Diseases date: 2011-12-31 words: 6417 flesch: 37 summary: 39 Loss of viral DNA and antibody formation are successful outcomes associated with IFN treatment. 25, 38, 43 However, in 2009 several major studies were published associating a singlenucleotide polymorphism (SNP) just upstream from interleukin-28B gene (IL28B) with IFN response in patients with HCV genotype 1. keywords: a2b; activity; additional; adjuvants; adverse; agents; alfa-2b; alpha; antiviral; cells; chronic; clearance; cold; combination; common; daily; development; disease; dose; early; effective; effects; gene; genetic; genital; genotype; hbv; hcv; hepatitis; hpv; human; ifn; ifns; il28b; imiquimod; immune; infected; infection; influenza; interferon; intranasal; life; load; low; mechanisms; natural; oral; papillomavirus; patients; pegifn; peginterferon; pegylated; prevention; prophylaxis; randomized; rates; recombinant; recurrent; replication; research; respiratory; response; results; rhinovirus; ribavirin; role; significant; studies; study; successful; svr; symptoms; systemic; therapy; topical; tract; treatment; trial; types; use; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses; warts; weeks; weight cache: cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt plain text: cord-255781-55zrmgxq.txt item: #167 of 445 id: cord-255997-oer5lxxr author: Onodi, Fanny title: SARS-CoV-2 induces activation and diversification of human plasmacytoid pre-dendritic cells date: 2020-07-10 words: 4250 flesch: 44 summary: First, we asked whether SARS-CoV-2 was able to induce pDC activation, and diversification into IFNproducing and/or T cell stimulating effectors, as we previously described for influenza virus A (Flu) (Alculumbre et al., 2018) . PDC activation and diversification was observed with two independent primary SARS-CoV-2 strains (Fig 1C) , which both induced similar proportions of P1-P3 subsets. keywords: ace2; activation; antiviral; cd80; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; cytokines; dendritic; disease; diversification; early; effector; et al; expression; fig; flu; hcq; high; hours; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; iii; il-6; immune; immunity; induced; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; key; levels; major; manufacturer; mechanisms; patients; pdc; plasmacytoid; primary; production; response; results; sars; severe; similar; stage; stimulation; strains; studies; subsets; supernatants; tay; tnf; type; vero; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-255997-oer5lxxr.txt plain text: cord-255997-oer5lxxr.txt item: #168 of 445 id: cord-256187-ofp7tupv author: Kühl, A. title: How Ebola Virus Counters the Interferon System date: 2012-09-07 words: 8613 flesch: 36 summary: This ability of GP 1,2 is conserved between the GPs of the different EBOV species (Zaire, Sudan, Côte d'Ivoire and Reston), the proposed species BEBOV and the second filoviral genus MARV (Kaletsky et al., 2009; Lopez et al., 2010; Radoshitzky et al., 2010; Kühl et al., 2011a,b) . In contrast, no evidence for downregulation, relocalization away from the cell surface or degradation of tetherin was observed in the presence of EBOV-GP 1,2 or MARV-GP 1,2 (Kaletsky et al., 2009; Lopez et al., 2010; Radoshitzky et al., 2010; Kühl et al., 2011a) . keywords: 1,2; able; acid; activation; activity; addition; amino; antagonism; antiviral; binding; block; bst-2; budding; cells; cellular; complex; components; dependent; different; domain; dsrna; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; entry; essential; et al; expression; factor; fig; filovirus; fluav; function; gene; glycoprotein; hiv-1; host; huang; huang et; human; ifitms; ifn; ifn system; ifns; immune; important; importin; induced; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interference; interferon; isgs; kinase; kühl; lethal; like; mechanism; membrane; mice; molecules; nuclear; particles; pkr; present; protein; recent; receptor; recognition; reid; reid et; release; replication; response; restriction; rig; role; signalling; species; spread; stat1; strategies; structural; surface; system; terminal; terminus; tetherin; transcription; transmembrane; type; viral; virus; viruses; vp24; vp35; vpu cache: cord-256187-ofp7tupv.txt plain text: cord-256187-ofp7tupv.txt item: #169 of 445 id: cord-256293-5lpe8hg2 author: Kageyama, Y. title: Jinhua Qinggan granule, a Chinese herbal medicine against COVID-19, induces rapid changes in the plasma levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ date: 2020-06-12 words: 1818 flesch: 49 summary: However, in China, the majority of COVID-19 patients have been treated with a combination of traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine [1] [2] [3] . The blood IL-6 level is positively correlated with the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients [13] keywords: administration; author; blood; chinese; copyright; covid-19; funder; holder; ifn; il-6; influenza; jhqgg; june; license; medicine; medrxiv; patients; peer; permission; perpetuity; plasma; preprint; reuse; review; rights; study; treatment; version cache: cord-256293-5lpe8hg2.txt plain text: cord-256293-5lpe8hg2.txt item: #170 of 445 id: cord-256325-q70rky3r author: Stewart, Cameron R. title: A Functional Genomics Approach to Henipavirus Research: The Role of Nuclear Proteins, MicroRNAs and Immune Regulators in Infection and Disease date: 2017-07-04 words: 8331 flesch: 28 summary: Collectively, these data suggest that let-7 miRNAs inhibit HeV by suppressing host proteins required for virus infection. Central to this work was the development of a recombinant HeV expressing the renilla luciferase construct, which allowed for high throughput and rapid measurement of virus infection (Marsh et al. 2013 ). keywords: abundance; activation; activity; antiviral; bats; binding; biogenesis; budding; candidates; canonical; cap; cases; cedpv; cell; cellular; coding; complex; critical; cycle; cytoplasmic; deffrasnes; dependent; development; discovery; disease; dna; entry; et al; evasion; evidence; export; expression; factors; family; fibrillarin; functional; fusion; genes; genome; genomics; hendra; henipavirus; hev; high; horses; host; human; identification; ifn; immune; impact; increase; infection; influenza; inhibit; interactions; interferon; large; level; like; malaysia; matrix; membrane; micrornas; mir-17; mir-181; mirna; modification; molecules; multiple; negative; new; nipah; niv; non; novel; nuclear; nucleolar; nucleolus; nucleus; outbreak; paramyxovirus; pathway; positive; proteins; proviral; receptor; regulation; replication; respiratory; response; results; ribosomal; ribosome; rig; rna; rnai; robust; role; rrna; scores; screen; signalling; single; site; stat1; studies; study; subunit; synthesis; target; targeting; trafficking; transcription; translation; type; viral; virus; viruses; wang; wide cache: cord-256325-q70rky3r.txt plain text: cord-256325-q70rky3r.txt item: #171 of 445 id: cord-256788-h4iv8crq author: Sumino, Kaharu title: Antiviral IFN-γ responses of monocytes at birth predict respiratory tract illness in the first year of life date: 2012-03-27 words: 5044 flesch: 40 summary: key: cord-256788-h4iv8crq authors: Sumino, Kaharu; Tucker, Jennifer; Shahab, Muhammad; Jaffee, Katy F.; Visness, Cynthia M.; Gern, James E.; Bloomberg, Gordon R.; Holtzman, Michael J. title: Antiviral IFN-γ responses of monocytes at birth predict respiratory tract illness in the first year of life date: 2012-03-27 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.033 sha: doc_id: 256788 cord_uid: h4iv8crq BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of acute illness during infancy and are closely linked to chronic inflammatory airway diseases later in life. Viral respiratory tract infections are a common cause of early childhood illness. keywords: activation; acute; age; allergic; analysis; antiviral; association; asthma; atopy; birth; blood; cbmcs; ccl5; cells; children; cohort; cord; cytokine; day; development; disease; early; expression; findings; frequency; gene; high; ifng; illness; illnesses; immune; induction; infants; infection; innate; interferon; lavage; levels; life; lung; methods; monocytes; mrna; nasal; number; present; production; respiratory; respiratory tract; response; risk; rsv; samples; severe; stat1; studies; study; subjects; subsequent; susceptibility; syncytial; time; tract; tract illness; tract infections; type; viral; virus; viruses; wheezing; year cache: cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt plain text: cord-256788-h4iv8crq.txt item: #172 of 445 id: cord-256816-gd7y3ggj author: Zhang, Can title: Grass carp reovirus VP56 represses interferon production by degrading phosphorylated IRF7 date: 2020-02-04 words: 5480 flesch: 46 summary: Here, we report that GCRV VP56 inhibits host IFN production by degrading the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Taken together, our results demonstrate that GCRV VP56 suppresses the host IFN response by targeting phosphorylated IRF7 for ubiquitination and degradation. keywords: activation; activity; analysis; antiviral; buffer; carp; cells; cellular; control; data; degradation; dna; epc; experiments; expression; factor; fig; fish; flag; gcrv; gene; grass; hek; host; ifn; ifn1; immune; induction; infected; infection; inhibits; innate; interferon; irf3; irf7; k48; level; luciferase; mavs; min; mita; myc; overexpression; pathway; phosphorylation; poly; post; production; proteasome; protein; regulatory; reovirus; response; results; rlr; signaling; state; strategies; svcv; system; tbk1; times; transcription; transfection; type; ubiquitination; vector; viral; virus; viruses; vp56; zebrafish cache: cord-256816-gd7y3ggj.txt plain text: cord-256816-gd7y3ggj.txt item: #173 of 445 id: cord-256838-8rzibpbl author: Eng, Yi Shin title: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples date: 2019-09-27 words: 9254 flesch: 34 summary: From the viewpoint of pathophysiology, TCM formulas used to manage airway viral infections need to have antiviral activity against such viruses listed above, and/or to induce antiviral cytokines, and/or anti-inflammatory effect, and/or to relieve symptoms commonly presented in airway infections ( Figure 1 ). The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: Results of a follow-up national survey Trends in the use of complementary health approaches among adults: United States Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States Current state of phytotherapy in Germany Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles Antiviral effect of cimicifugin from Cimicifuga foetida against human respiratory syncytial virus Pterodontic Acid Isolated from Laggera pterodonta Inhibits Viral Replication and Inflammation Induced by Influenza A Virus A possible mechanism of interstitial pneumonia during interferon therapy with sho-saiko-to A case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia due to Sho-saiko-to Autoimmune hepatitis with drug-induced pneumonia due to Sho-saiko-to Two cases of pneumonia caused by Sho-saiko-to Acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by type C hepatitis during treatment and further by acute interstitial pneumonia due to sho-saiko-to in 7-year-old An autopsy case of interstitial pneumonia probably induced by Sho-saiko-to A case of interstitial pneumonia with chronic hepatitis C following interferon-alfa and sho-saiko-to therapy A comparative study on anticoagulant activities of three Chinese herbal medicines from the genus Panax and anticoagulant activities of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 Brief communication: American ginseng reduces warfarin's effect in healthy patients: A randomized Thrombosis of a prosthetic aortic valve disclosing a hazardous interaction between warfarin and a commercial ginseng product Ginseng and vaginal bleeding Ginseng face cream and unexplained vaginal bleeding Interaction between warfarin and Panax ginseng in ischemic stroke patients Systems biology: Metabonomics Potential role of metabolomics apporoaches in the area of traditional Chinese medicine: As pillars of the bridge between Chinese and Western medicine Application of metabolomics on diagnosis and treatment of patients with psoriasis in traditional Chinese medicine Biomarkers of primary dysmenorrhea and herbal formula intervention: An exploratory metabonomics study of blood plasma and urine Plasma metabolic profiling of normal and dysmenorrhea syndrome rats and the effects of Xiang-Fu-Si-Wu Decoction intervention Adulterants in Asian patent medicines Heavy metal content of ayurvedic herbal medicine products Arsenic and mercury intoxication due to Indian ethnic remedies Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US-and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the Internet Risk factors for adverse drug events among nursing home residents Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Baicalin-Induced Drug Interaction and Its Pharmacokinetics Inhibitory Effects of Baicalin on the Expression and Activity of CYP3A Induce the Pharmacokinetic Changes of Midazolam in Rats Herb-drug interactions between Scutellariae Radix and mefenamic acid: Simultaneous investigation of pharmacokinetics, anti-inflammatory effect and gastric damage in rats The effect of herbal medicine baicalin on pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin, substrate of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 Baicalin in radical scavenging and its synergistic effect with beta-carotene in antilipoxidation Studies on the competitive binding of cleviprex and flavonoids to plasma protein by multi-spectroscopic methods: A prediction of food-drug interaction Spectroscopic investigation on the food components-drug interaction: The influence of flavonoids on the affinity of nifedipine to human serum albumin The increased binding affinity of curcumin with human serum albumin in the presence of rutin and baicalin: A potential for drug delivery system Interaction of baicalin with berberine for glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytes Could the gut microbiota reconcile the oral bioavailability conundrum of traditional herbs? keywords: activation; active; active molecules; activities; activity; acute; airway; anti; antiviral; asthma; asthmatic; baicalin; bioactive; cassia; cells; chinensis; chinese; chronic; cinnamaldehyde; cinnamomum; clinical; clinical effects; common; complex; compounds; cough; cytokines; decoction; decrease; different; disease; drug; effective; effects; ephedra; expression; factor; fev1; fever; figure; food; formulas; gan; ggt; ginseng; glycyrrhiza; health; herbal; herbal medicine; herbs; huang; human; ifn; il-1β; indication; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; ingredients; inhibit; injury; inos; interactions; levels; lung; macrophages; major; mechanisms; medicine; mice; microbiome; model; molecular; molecules; mxgst; oral; patients; pge2; pharmacokinetics; pharmacologic; physicians; plants; pneumonia; possible; production; protein; pulmonary; rats; respiratory; response; ros; serum; sho; sinica; specific; studies; study; symptoms; table; tang; tcm; tcm formulas; th1; th2; therapy; tnf; traditional; treatment; understanding; uralensis; use; virus; viruses; ygmht cache: cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt plain text: cord-256838-8rzibpbl.txt item: #174 of 445 id: cord-256998-or73in8m author: Nguyen, Khue G. title: Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy date: 2020-10-15 words: 27094 flesch: 27 summary: A much larger number of preclinical and clinical studies have used IL-12-transduced tumor cells for s.c. immunization. Tumor IL-12 levels steadily increased, reaching about 80 pg/g tumor on day 16, while serum IL-12 concentration remained on average about 40 pg/ml after day 9 and continued to day 16. keywords: ability; ablation; abscopal; acid; activation; activity; addition; adenocarcinomas; adenovirus; administration; advanced; adverse; alpha; angiogenesis; antibody; antigen; antitumor; antitumor activity; apoptosis; approaches; associated; b16f10; benefit; binding; biodegradable; bladder; blood; bone; breast; cancer; cancer cells; capable; carcinoma; cationic; cbd; cd4; cd8; cells; chain; characterization; checkpoint; chemotherapy; chitosan; clinical; collagen; colon; combination; combined; complete; complexes; contralateral; contrast; control; cryoablation; csf; ct26; ctl; cured; cytokine; cytotoxic; days; dcs; death; delivery; dendritic; dependent; development; different; direct; disease; dissemination; dna; dose; early; effective; effector; effects; efficacy; electroporation; elevated; encoding; enhanced; established; evaluation; events; experienced; experimental; expression; extended; factor; fibroblasts; flank; forest; free; fusion; gamma; gene; glioma; grade; group; growth; half; hepatocellular; her2; herpes; high; higher; human; i.p; i.t; i.v; ifn; ifnγ; il-12; il-12 delivery; il-12 expression; il-12 gene; il-12 levels; il12; immune; immunity; immunocytokine; immunotherapy; improved; increase; induced; inducible; induction; infiltration; inflammatory; inhibited; inhibition; injection; interferon; interleukin-12; intracranial; intratumoral; intratumoral il-12; killer; l19; lesions; levels; local; long; lung; lymphocytes; macrophages; malignant; mammary; mc38; mechanisms; melanoma; memory; mesenchymal; metastases; metastatic; mice; microenvironment; microspheres; model; mouse; mrna; msa; mscs; muil12; multiple; murine; nanoparticles; natural; necrosis; neoadjuvant; neu; nhs; non; novel; number; ohsv; oncolytic; orthotopic; ovarian; pancreatic; partial; patients; pd-1; pei; phase; pil-12+ep; plasmid; polymer; potential; ppc; preclinical; presence; primary; prior; production; promising; prostate; protein; recent; receptor; rechallenge; recombinant; recurrent; regression; related; release; renal; resection; responses; results; robust; role; safety; sarcoma; second; semliki; serum; serum il-12; sfv; significant; similar; simplex; single; solid; specific; spontaneous; strategies; strategy; studies; study; subcutaneous; subsequent; suppressor; survival; sustained; systemic; systemic il-12; t cells; targeted; targeting; term; therapeutic; therapy; tissues; tnfα; toxicities; toxicity; transduced; transfection; transfer; transient; treated; treatment; trial; tumor; tumor cells; tumor growth; tumor regression; type; untreated; vector; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; weekly cache: cord-256998-or73in8m.txt plain text: cord-256998-or73in8m.txt item: #175 of 445 id: cord-257077-cdnkk6ou author: Gabor, Kristin A. title: Super Resolution Microscopy Reveals that Caveolin-1 Is Required for Spatial Organization of CRFB1 and Subsequent Antiviral Signaling in Zebrafish date: 2013-07-09 words: 8662 flesch: 42 summary: To compare the effect of Cav-1b depletion on the antiviral response to pathogen, we examined control MO cells, Cav-1b MO cells, and control cells after SHRV infection in an ISRE promoterdriven luciferase assay. A greater reduction in ISRE activity was observed in either SHRV-infected or Cav-1b MO cells when compared to control MO infected cells, a finding that is consistent with the decrease in Stat1 gene expression shown in Figure 3a . keywords: activity; analysis; antiviral; antiviral response; assay; cav-1b; cav-1b mo; caveolae; caveolin-1; cells; clustering; clusters; color; complex; components; control; correlation; crfb1; critical; crosslinking; culture; data; decrease; depletion; development; dispersal; disruption; distribution; domains; downstream; effect; embryos; entry; epc; experiments; expression; figure; fluorescence; fold; fpalm; function; gene; host; hpi; ifn; imaging; immune; immune response; increase; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; invitrogen; isre; jak; knockdown; levels; liver; localization; luciferase; mechanisms; medium; membrane; membrane domains; microscopy; molecular; molecules; morphants; mortality; mxa; number; organization; pair; pathway; pcr; poly(i; protein; rafts; receptor; resolution; response; results; rna; role; samples; shrv; signaling; significant; similar; single; spatial; species; standard; stat; studies; study; subsequent; system; time; tissue; total; transduction; treatment; type; virus; viruses; zebrafish; zfl cache: cord-257077-cdnkk6ou.txt plain text: cord-257077-cdnkk6ou.txt item: #176 of 445 id: cord-257116-6td3efjw author: Zhou, Yanrong title: Cellular RNA Helicase DDX1 Is Involved in Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus nsp14-Induced Interferon-Beta Production date: 2017-08-09 words: 5540 flesch: 39 summary: For each immunoprecipitation, 500 µg of cell lysate protein was incubated with 2 µg of indicated antibody and 25 µl of protein A/G-agarose (Beyotime) overnight at 4°C. MAb against TGEV N protein was prepared by our laboratory. keywords: activation; activity; anti; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; box; cells; coronavirus; cov; data; ddx1; dead; dendritic; dependent; dexd; effect; expression; figure; gastroenteritis; gene; glycoprotein; hek-293; helicase; host; human; ifn; immune; inducer; induction; infected; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; levels; like; luc; non; nsp14; p65; pathway; pcaggs; porcine; production; promoter; protein; regulation; replication; responses; results; rna; role; sars; sense; severe; sirna; specific; structural; studies; study; tgev; tgev infection; transcription; transmissible; type; vector; viral; virus; vsv cache: cord-257116-6td3efjw.txt plain text: cord-257116-6td3efjw.txt item: #177 of 445 id: cord-257220-fe2sacjj author: Butler, J. E. title: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic date: 2014-07-01 words: 19665 flesch: 41 summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an overview Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North America and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus Identification of a novel nidovirus associated with a neurological disease of the Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) CD8 high cell In vivo discovery of immunotherapy targets in the tumour microenvironment Identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on swine viruses: multi-epitope design for universal T cell vaccine Gamma delta lymphocyte response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity Hematological and immunological parameters of 4 1/2-month old pigs infected with PRRS virus Effects of different us isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on blood and bone marrow parameters of experimentally infected pigs Experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in one-, four-, and 10-week-old pigs Immunohistochemical identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antigen in the heart and lymphoid system of three-week-old colostrum-deprived pigs Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive 138 and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by molecular breeding of the virus envelope genes from genetically divergent strains Comparative pathogenicity of nine US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in a five-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pig model Temporal and morphologic characterization of the distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by in situ hybridization in pigs infected with isolates of PRRSV that differ in virulence Lymphodepletion and homeostatic proliferation: implications for transplantation Autologous regulation of naive T cell homeostasis within the T cell compartment A causal link between lymphopenia and autoimmunity Characterization of a porcine CD1-specific mAb that distinguishes CD4/CD8 double-positive thymic from peripheral T lymphocytes Antigen presentation in the thymus for positive selection and central tolerance induction The piglet as a model for B cell and immune system Gnotobiotic pigs derivation and rearing Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. keywords: ability; activation; activity; adaptive; adult; affects; affinity; american; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigen; arterivirus; assays; available; b cell; binding; cause; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; certain; chimeric; class; clinical; complement; complex; control; conventional; critical; ctl; ctls; cytokine; data; dendritic; dependent; development; differences; different; differentiation; disease; domain; dysregulation; early; eav; ectodomain; effect; encoding; envelope; epitopes; evidence; expansion; experimental; expression; feature; fetal; field; fig; function; genes; genome; germfree; glycoprotein; good; gp3; gp4; gp5; herpes; high; host; hypergammaglobulinemia; identification; ifn; ifns; igg; immune; immune response; immune system; immunity; immunological; impact; important; increase; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibits; innate; interferon; investigators; isolates; isolator; isolator piglets; killing; ldv; levels; like; likely; little; loss; lymphocyte; lymphoid; macrophages; major; marc-145; mdsc; mechanism; membrane; mhc; mice; model; molecular; mutants; neonatal; neutralization; neutralizing; non; normal; north; nsp1; nsp2; nuclear; nucleocapsid; number; organs; passive; pathogenic; pdcs; peripheral; persistence; piglets; pigs; polyclonal; porcine immune; porcine reproductive; porcine respiratory; positive; presence; presentation; production; proliferation; protective; protein; prrsv; prrsv infection; rate; receptors; regions; repertoire; replication; reported; reports; respiratory syndrome; response; result; rna; role; section; self; serum; signaling; single; siv; sows; specific; strain; structural; studies; study; suppression; swine; syndrome virus; system; t cells; thymic; thymocytes; thymus; time; transcription; tregs; type; vaccine; viral; viremia; virulence; virus infection; viruses; vitro; vivo; vr-2332; window; work; young cache: cord-257220-fe2sacjj.txt plain text: cord-257220-fe2sacjj.txt item: #178 of 445 id: cord-257662-viy65y72 author: Burrack, Kristina S. title: The Role of Myeloid Cell Activation and Arginine Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Virus-Induced Diseases date: 2014-09-08 words: 9059 flesch: 22 summary: Cardiac virus titers were equivalent in all mouse strains indicating that NKT cells did not participate in control of virus infection (31) . For example, it was recently demonstrated that SARS-CoV infection of mice induced suppressive alveolar macrophages that inhibited the induction of antiviral T cell responses, a phenotype that was reversed by the adoptive transfer of activated bone marrow-derived DCs into mice prior to virus infection (56) . keywords: activation; activity; acute; addition; alveolar; antigen; antiviral; arg1; arginase; arginine; associated; cd11b; cd8; cells; chronic; clearance; consistent; contrast; control; coxsackievirus; cvb3; damage; data; decreased; dengue; denv; dependent; disease; effects; encephalitis; enhanced; expression; fibrosis; gamma; hbv; hcv; hepatitis; hiv; hsv-1; human; ifn; immune; immunopathology; important; increased; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; injury; inos; levels; like; liver; lung; macrophages; mdscs; mice; monocytes; mortality; mouse; murine; myeloid; myocarditis; nitric; nos2; oxide; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; phenotype; production; properties; reduced; repair; replication; response; role; specific; strain; studies; suppressor; survival; synthase; t cell; tissue; titers; treatment; tumor; variety; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo; −/− cache: cord-257662-viy65y72.txt plain text: cord-257662-viy65y72.txt item: #179 of 445 id: cord-258286-lodjcj8c author: Zhang, Xuming title: Expression of Interferon-γ by a Coronavirus Defective-Interfering RNA Vector and Its Effect on Viral Replication, Spread, and Pathogenicity date: 1997-07-07 words: 5890 flesch: 46 summary: Correlation between IFN resistance and cally elucidate the mechanism of pathogenesis of MHV viral pathogenicity has also been documented for meaat the molecular level. (B) Neutralization assay of IFN-g. Both UV-irradiated supernatants (IFN-g and CAT) were incubated with 1 mg/ml of a hamster anti-IFN-g neutralizing monoclonal antibody for 2 hr at room temperature prior to being used for pretreatment of cells. keywords: a59; activity; antibody; antiviral; cdna; cells; cellular; cns; control; coronavirus; culture; cytokines; data; day; dbt; defective; demyelination; effects; et al; experiments; expressed; expression; fig; fleming; gene; hepatitis; ifn; infected; infection; interferon; j774.1; jhm; lai; liao; m.o.i; macrophages; medium; mhv; mice; min; mouse; murine; number; pathogenesis; pcr; pfu; plaque; postinfection; posttransfection; replication; resistance; results; rifn; rna; role; sequence; spread; stohlman; strain; studies; study; system; time; titers; treatment; variant; vector; virus; vitro; vivo cache: cord-258286-lodjcj8c.txt plain text: cord-258286-lodjcj8c.txt item: #180 of 445 id: cord-258685-ayek8zbo author: Har-Noy, Michael title: Allo-priming as a universal anti-viral vaccine: protecting elderly from current COVID-19 and any future unknown viral outbreak date: 2020-05-12 words: 7339 flesch: 34 summary: The release of IFN-ϒ orchestrates the sequential activation of immune cells resulting in formation of an antiviral state, innate elimination of invading viruses and development of a viral-specific effector response and memory. These allo-specific Th1/CTL memory cells provide a functional pool of immune cells that are capable of nonspecific (by-stander) activation [40] upon encounter with virus [14, 41] resulting in immediate release of IFN-ϒ. Har-Noy and Or J Transl Med (2020) keywords: activated; activation; acute; adaptive; adults; age; aging; allo; allogeneic; allostim; anti; antigens; antiviral; ards; cancer; causes; cells; cellular; chronic; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; ctl; ctl memory; current; cytokine; delayed; development; disease; early; effective; effector; effects; elderly; encounter; exhausted; function; future; gamma; healthy; high; human; ifn-ϒ; immune; immune response; immunity; immunosenescence; impact; infected; infection; inflammaging; inflammation; influenza; innate; interferon; like; mechanisms; memory; memory cells; myeloid; non; novel; pandemic; patients; pneumonia; population; priming; progression; protection; provide; release; respiratory; response; sars; sepsis; severe; specific; specific th1; stander; state; storm; symptoms; syndrome; system; th1; th2; titers; tumor; type; universal; vaccination; vaccine; viral; viral infection; virus; viruses cache: cord-258685-ayek8zbo.txt plain text: cord-258685-ayek8zbo.txt item: #181 of 445 id: cord-258691-cd83w9o6 author: Whitman, Lucia title: IFN-γ-mediated suppression of coronavirus replication in glial-committed progenitor cells date: 2009-02-01 words: 4944 flesch: 27 summary: Impaired IFN-β production within JHMVinfected cultures correlated with impaired translocation of transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7 into the nucleus of infection cells (Versteeg et al., 2007; Zhou and Perlman, 2007) . This study demonstrates that glial cells derived from neural progenitor cells are susceptible to JHMV infection and that treatment of infected cells with IFN-γ inhibits viral replication in a dose-dependent manner. keywords: anti; antiviral; astrocytes; capable; cells; central; cns; committed; control; coronavirus; cultures; cxcl10; cxcl9; deficient; dependent; differentiated; disease; et al; expression; fig; findings; glial; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; important; induced; infected; infection; interferon; jhmv; levels; mice; model; mouse; multiple; murine; nervous; neural; oligodendrocytes; opc; p.i; pbs; precursors; primary; production; progenitor; receptor; recombinant; remyelination; replication; response; results; signaling; studies; susceptible; system; treatment; type; viral; virus; vivo cache: cord-258691-cd83w9o6.txt plain text: cord-258691-cd83w9o6.txt item: #182 of 445 id: cord-259669-fod4xkd7 author: Summerfield, Artur title: The porcine dendritic cell family date: 2008-06-06 words: 9388 flesch: 42 summary: Localization of distinct Peyer's patch dendritic cell subsets and their recruitment by chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3alpha, MIP-3beta, and secondary lymphoid organ chemokine Myeloid C-type lectins in innate immunity Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence Signaling pathways downstream of patternrecognition receptors and their cross talk Dendritic cells interact directly with naive B lymphocytes to transfer antigen and initiate class switching in a primary T-dependent response Critical role of ITIM-bearing FcgammaR on DCs in the capture and presentation of native antigen to B cells Cell surface recycling of internalized antigen permits dendritic cell priming of B cells Immunobiology of dendritic cells Dendritic cells, BAFF, and APRIL: innate players in adaptive antibody responses Pathogen-induced private conversations between natural killer and dendritic cells Close encounters of different kinds: dendritic cells and NK cells take centre stage Two way communication between neutrophils and dendritic cells IPC: professional type 1 interferon-producing cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors Human natural interferon-alpha producing cells In vitro induction of mucosa-type dendritic cells by all-trans retinoic acid CCR9 is a homing receptor for plasmacytoid dendritic cells to the small intestine Dendritic cells enriched from swine thymus coexpress CD1, CD2 and major histocompatibility complex class II and actively stimulate alloreactive T lymphocytes Culture of dendritic cells from a nonlymphoid organ, the thyroid gland: evidence for TNFalphadependent phenotypic changes of thyroid-derived dendritic cells Circulating fibrocytes define a new leukocyte subpopulation that mediates tissue repair The peripheral blood fibrocyte is a potent antigen-presenting cell capable of priming naive T cells in situ Peripheral blood fibrocytes: differentiation pathway and migration to wound sites Responsiveness of fibrocytes to Toll-like receptor danger signals Regulated production of type I collagen and inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood fibrocytes Interaction of Borrelia burgdorferi with peripheral blood fibrocytes, antigen-presenting cells with the potential for connective tissue targeting Dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance-do they display opposite functions? keywords: acid; activation; adaptive; addition; alpha; antigen; apc; blood; capacity; cd11r1; cd14; cd16; cd172a; cd4; cd80/86; cdc; cells; characterization; class; classical; csf; cytokines; dcs; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; development; differentiation; distinct; example; expression; fever; fibrocytes; fig; functional; gut; high; human; ifn; il-6; immune; immunological; important; induced; induction; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; large; levels; ligands; like; lymphocytes; maturation; mhc; modc; model; monocytes; mrna; mucosal; natural; non; pamps; particular; pathogen; pdc; peripheral; phenotypic; pig; plasmacytoid; population; porcine; potent; presence; presentation; process; production; protein; quantities; receptors; recognition; responses; rna; role; secretion; similar; sites; specific; stimulation; stimulatory; studies; subsets; surface; swine; system; table; tissue; tlr; tnf; type; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-259669-fod4xkd7.txt plain text: cord-259669-fod4xkd7.txt item: #183 of 445 id: cord-259748-x7dq1sy4 author: Wan, Dongshan title: Research Advances in How the cGAS-STING Pathway Controls the Cellular Inflammatory Response date: 2020-04-28 words: 14188 flesch: 26 summary: As innate immune cells, DCs have essential roles in antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and priming the adaptive response of immune cells (176) . Subsequently, it was found that some DNA sensors can facilitate STING activation, such as interferon gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) (7) . keywords: accumulation; acid; activation; activity; adaptive; adaptor; addition; aim2; anti; antitumor; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; autoimmune; autophagy; bacteria; binding; brain; cancer; capsid; caspase-1; cdns; cells; cellular; cgamp; cgas; chromatin; chronic; clinical; cns; complex; control; cyclic; cytoplasm; cytosolic; cytosolic dna; damage; dcs; death; deficiency; degradation; dendritic; dependent; differentiation; dimerization; disease; dmxaa; dna; domain; double; downstream; drugs; dsdna; dysfunction; effects; erythematosus; essential; example; expression; factor; family; figure; formation; function; genes; gmp; golgi; help; herpes; hiv; host; human; ifi16; ifn; ifnα; immune; immune cells; immune response; immunity; induces; induction; infection; inflammasome; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibits; injury; innate; innate immune; interaction; interferon; interferonopathies; intracellular; intrinsic; irf3; kappab; kinase; ligand; like; local; long; loss; lung; lupus; macrophages; manner; mechanisms; membrane; mice; mita; mitochondrial; molecules; monocytes; monophosphate; motif; mouse; mtdna; myeloid; non; novel; nuclear; nucleic; nucleus; p62; pathway; patients; phase; phosphorylation; priming; produce; production; protein; receptor; recognition; recruitment; regulation; regulatory; related; release; repair; replication; response; responsible; reverse; rna; role; samhd1; savi; self; senescence; sensing; sensor; signaling; signals; simplex; site; sle; small; specific; stimulator; sting; sting pathway; stress; structure; studies; suppressor; surveillance; survival; synthase; systemic; t cells; tail; target; tbk1; therapeutic; therapy; trafficking; transcription; transfer; trex1; triggers; tuberculosis; tumor; type; vesicles; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-259748-x7dq1sy4.txt plain text: cord-259748-x7dq1sy4.txt item: #184 of 445 id: cord-260109-vgbrwegt author: Charley, B. title: Characterization of blood mononuclear cells producing IFNα following induction by coronavirus-infected cells (porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus) date: 1990-02-28 words: 3204 flesch: 40 summary: This IFN~ induction seems to result from membrane interactions between PBMC and a defined domain of the viral glycoprotein E1 expressed on the surface of infected cells (Charley and Laude, 1988 ). In addition, the latter blocking experiment was achieved by pretreatment of PBMC with mAb, followed by washing of cells before induction on TGEV-infected fixed-cell monolayers, which argues for a direct effect of mAb on PBMC as opposed to an antibody effect on infected cell monolayers. keywords: addition; alpha; anti; antibodies; antigens; blood; capobianchi; cells; cellules; charley; class; complement; coronavirus; et al; experiments; herpes; hla; human; ifn; ifn0; ifna; incubation; induction; infected; interferon; ipc; lymphocytes; mab; membrane; mhc; monoclonal; monolayers; mononuclear; non; pbmc; porcine; production; sla; surface; tgev; transmissible; usa; virus cache: cord-260109-vgbrwegt.txt plain text: cord-260109-vgbrwegt.txt item: #185 of 445 id: cord-260291-zfpcuhpy author: Doménech, Ana title: Use of recombinant interferon omega in feline retrovirosis: From theory to practice date: 2011-10-15 words: 4444 flesch: 40 summary: In an initial study, we here demonstrated that rFeIFN-ω can dramatically improve the clinical condition of infected cats, and induce improvement of hematologic parameters. Even though clinical improvement and lengthening of the life expectancy of infected cats was observed, several disadvantages soon became apparent, such as: its activity in vivo may be lower than expected as cytokine activity is often species-restricted (it would have less effect on feline cells than on human cells); when injected, the higher doses (100,000 U/kg/day) that are able to induce adequate serum levels may lead to the development of specific neutralizing antibodies that block the active ingredient Müller, 2002) and may have adverse effects (Caney, 2005) . keywords: activity; antiviral; cats; cd4; cd8; cells; clinical; collado; condition; counts; data; decrease; doses; effect; et al; feline; felv; fiv; hartmann; human; ifn-; ifns; immunodeficiency; improvement; infected; infections; innate; interferon; leukemia; load; low; mari; medicine; n n; omega; parameters; pedretti; proviral; ratio; recombinant; results; retroviral; rfeifn; rhuifn-; signs; specific; studies; study; therapy; treatment; type; untreated; use; virus; vitro; vivo cache: cord-260291-zfpcuhpy.txt plain text: cord-260291-zfpcuhpy.txt item: #186 of 445 id: cord-260729-b12v3c8c author: de Lang, Anna title: Functional Genomics Highlights Differential Induction of Antiviral Pathways in the Lungs of SARS-CoV–Infected Macaques date: 2007-08-10 words: 6813 flesch: 46 summary: A prospective study The severe acute respiratory syndrome Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome An interferongamma-related cytokine storm in SARS patients Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Analysis of serum cytokines in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome Characterization of cytokine/chemokine profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome A probable role for IFN-gamma in the development of a lung immunopathology in SARS Comparative host gene transcription by microarray analysis early after infection of the Huh7 cell line by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus 229E Cytokine responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected macrophages in vitro: Possible relevance to pathogenesis Chemokine upregulation in SARS-coronavirus-infected, monocyte-derived human dendritic cells A human in vitro model system for investigating genome-wide host responses to SARS coronavirus infection Inhibition of cytokine gene expression and induction of chemokine genes in non-lymphatic cells infected with SARS coronavirus Modeling the early events of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in vitro Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus fails to activate cytokinemediated innate immune responses in cultured human monocyte-derived dendritic cells Inhibition of beta interferon induction by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus suggests a two-step model for activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 Interaction of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus with dendritic cells Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of mice transgenic for the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 virus receptor Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus open reading frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and nucleocapsid proteins function as interferon antagonists Treatment of SARS with human interferons Potent inhibition of SARS-associated coronavirus (SCOV) infection and replication by type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) but not by type II interferon (IFN-gamma) Ribavirin and interferon-beta synergistically inhibit SARS-associated coronavirus replication in animal and human cell lines Interferon-beta and interferon-gamma synergistically inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Integrated molecular signature of disease: Analysis of influenza virus-infected macaques through functional genomics and proteomics Hybrid hierarchical clustering with applications to microarray data Analyzing microarray data using cluster analysis Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry The acute respiratory distress syndrome Early enhanced expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 (CXCL-10) and other chemokines predicts adverse outcome in severe acute respiratory syndrome The nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus inhibits the activity of cyclincyclin-dependent kinase complex and blocks S phase progression in mammalian cells Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): Approximately 20%-30% of SARS patients require management in intensive care units, and the overall fatality rate has approached 10%. keywords: able; activation; acute; acute respiratory; analysis; animals; antiviral; cells; change; chemokines; clinical; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cxcl10; cynomolgus; cytokines; data; day; dendritic; early; experiments; expression; figure; fold; functional; genes; host; human; ifn; ifns; il-8; immune; immunohistochemistry; induced; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; innate; interferon; levels; low; lung; macaques; microarray; mock; mouse; mrna; order; pathways; patients; pcr; pdcs; phase; phosphorylated; pieces; presence; production; protein; regulated; replication; respiratory; response; samples; sars; severe; signaling; stat1; strong; studies; study; syndrome; transcription; translocation; treatment; type; viral; virus; vitro cache: cord-260729-b12v3c8c.txt plain text: cord-260729-b12v3c8c.txt item: #187 of 445 id: cord-261028-sxux2ujo author: Vatner, Ralph E. title: STING, DCs and the link between innate and adaptive tumor immunity date: 2017-12-20 words: 10032 flesch: 30 summary: A recent study by this group explored the mechanistic underpinnings of why a single larger fraction of 20 Gy of radiation is not as effective as three fractions of 8 Gy, and found that both treatments resulted in transport of dsDNA to the cytosol of tumor cells where it was sensed by cGAS, which activated STING and type I IFN transcription (Vanpouille-Box et al., 2017) . Normally intracellular and out of the reach of DCs under physiological conditions, these DAMPs serve as a danger signal when released into the extracellular milieu by stressed or dying cancer cells. keywords: activation; adaptive; addition; agents; antigens; antitumor; associated; blockade; breast; cancer; capacity; cd103; cd11b; cd172; cd8; cdc1; cdc2; cells; cellular; cgamp; cgas; chemotherapy; clinical; complex; context; control; cross; cytokines; cytosolic; damage; damps; dcs; death; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; development; different; dna; dose; effective; effects; endogenous; endosomal; escape; essential; et al; expression; factor; family; function; genes; gmp; growth; human; ifn; ifns; immune; immune response; immunity; immunotherapy; important; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; interferon; intracellular; levels; like; link; local; lymphoid; maturation; mechanism; melanoma; membrane; metastatic; mhci; mice; microenvironment; models; molecules; mouse; myeloid; pathogen; pathway; patients; peptide; phenotype; plasmacytoid; populations; presentation; priming; process; processing; production; proteins; radiation; radiotherapy; receptors; recognition; regulatory; response; results; rna; role; sensing; sensors; signaling; signals; skin; specific; stimulatory; sting; studies; subsets; system; t cells; tidcs; tissue; tolerance; transcription; treatment; trials; tumor; tumor immunity; type; xcr1 cache: cord-261028-sxux2ujo.txt plain text: cord-261028-sxux2ujo.txt item: #188 of 445 id: cord-261380-xms5su6w author: Rahmani, Hamid title: Interferon β-1b in treatment of severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial date: 2020-08-24 words: 2780 flesch: 46 summary: Patients in the IFN group received IFN β-1b (250 mcg subcutaneously every other day for two consecutive weeks) along with the national protocol medications while in the control group, patients received only the national protocol medications (lopinavir/ritonavir or atazanavir/ritonavir plus hydroxychloroquine for 7-10 days). Patients in the IFN group received IFN β-1b along with the national protocol medications, while in the control group, patients received only the national protocol medications. keywords: acute; admission; clinical; combination; control; coronavirus; covid-19; day; days; disease; efficacy; group; hospital; icu; ifn; ifn β-1b; improvement; interferon; lopinavir; median; mortality; national; outcomes; patients; protocol; randomization; randomized; respiratory; ritonavir; safety; sars; severe; study; symptoms; syndrome; therapy; time; treatment; trial; viral; β-1b cache: cord-261380-xms5su6w.txt plain text: cord-261380-xms5su6w.txt item: #189 of 445 id: cord-262673-j2ot35lt author: Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa title: Innate Immune Responses to Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses and Other Significant Respiratory Viral Infections date: 2020-08-18 words: 8607 flesch: 21 summary: Furthermore, respiratory epithelial cells and lung macrophages are capable of secreting a broad range of chemokines like IL-8, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 Interestingly, previous studies found rapid and significant restoration of lymphocyte subsets including, NK cells, in peripheral blood in patients recovering from the initial stages of SARS infection (249) . keywords: ace2; activation; acute; acute respiratory; adaptive; addition; airway; alveolar; analysis; angiotensin; antiviral; blood; case; cells; characteristics; chemokines; children; clearance; clinical; complement; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; covid-19; cxcl10; cytokine; damage; dcs; death; dendritic; disease; east; entry; enzyme; epithelial; expression; extracellular; function; high; higher; host; human; ifn; il-8; immune; immunity; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; injury; innate; interferon; irf3; killer; levels; like; lines; lower; lung; lymphocyte; macrophages; mers; mice; middle; monocytes; mortality; mouse; neutrophils; non; novel; nsp1; nucleocapsid; older; pandemic; parainfluenza; pathogenesis; patients; peripheral; pneumonia; potential; primary; production; protein; pulmonary; rate; receptor; recruitment; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; review; rhinovirus; rna; role; rsv; sars; severe; severe acute; severity; signaling; significant; specific; structural; studies; study; subsets; syncytial; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; tissue; tract; transmission; treatment; type; viral; viruses cache: cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt plain text: cord-262673-j2ot35lt.txt item: #190 of 445 id: cord-263141-n200x6z1 author: Zelaya, Hortensia title: Respiratory Antiviral Immunity and Immunobiotics: Beneficial Effects on Inflammation-Coagulation Interaction during Influenza Virus Infection date: 2016-12-23 words: 8207 flesch: 21 summary: These observations might be helpful to propose new Influenza A penetrates host mucus by cleaving sialic acids with neuraminidase The amazing innate immune response to influenza A virus infection Critical role of constitutive type I interferon response in bronchial epithelial cell to influenza infection IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza Molecular signatures associated with Mx1-mediated resistance to highly pathogenic influenza virus infection: mechanisms of survival Regulation of IFN-alpha/beta, MxA, 2ʹ,5ʹ-oligoadenylate synthetase, and HLA gene expression in influenza A-infected human lung epithelial cells Induction of innate immunity and its perturbation by influenza viruses The intracellular sensor NLRP3 mediates key innate and healing responses to influenza A virus via the regulation of caspase-1 The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates in vivo innate immunity to influenza A virus through recognition of viral RNA Inflammasome recognition of influenza virus is essential for adaptive immune responses NKp46 O-glycan sequences that are involved in the interaction with hemagglutinin type 1 of influenza virus Recognition of viral hemagglutinins by NKp44 but not by NKp30 Immune responses to influenza virus infection Exploiting mucosal immunity for antiviral vaccines Secretory IgA possesses intrinsic modulatory properties stimulating mucosal and systemic immune responses B cell responses to influenza infection and vaccination Regulating the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infection Innate sensing of the gut microbiota: modulation of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases The commensal microbiota drives immune homeostasis Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut Resurrecting the intestinal microbiota to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens Antibiotics and the intestinal microbiome: individual responses, resilience of the ecosystem, and the susceptibility to infections Microbiota regulates immune defense against respiratory tract influenza Are similar immune mechanisms activated by the microbiota in high-risk populations (infants, elderly, immunocompromised hosts) in which respiratory viral infections are more frequent and severe? keywords: able; activation; activity; addition; administration; antibodies; antiviral; associated; bacterial; beneficial; capacity; cells; challenge; coagulation; crl1505; cytokines; damage; disease; ecs; effect; epithelial; expression; factors; gut; high; ifn; ifv; ifv infection; iga; il-6; immune; immune response; immunity; immunobiotics; improved; incidence; increase; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; influenza; influenza infection; influenza virus; innate; intestinal; key; lactobacillus; levels; lung; macrophages; mechanisms; mice; microbiota; modulation; mucosal; oral; production; recognition; reduced; research; respiratory; respiratory tract; response; results; rhamnosus; role; severity; specific; strain; studies; survival; systemic; tissue; titers; tlr3; tnf; tract; type; vaccination; viral; virus; virus infection cache: cord-263141-n200x6z1.txt plain text: cord-263141-n200x6z1.txt item: #191 of 445 id: cord-263200-ntq1f4ix author: Mao, He-Ting title: HACE1 Negatively Regulates Virus-Triggered Type I IFN Signaling by Impeding the Formation of the MAVS-TRAF3 Complex date: 2016-05-21 words: 4474 flesch: 49 summary: Knockdown of HACE1 expression exhibited the opposite effects. Compared to control cells, knockdown of HACE1 expression augmented SeV-induced IFNB1 gene transcription ( Figure 2B ) and inhibited VSV replication ( Figure 2C ). keywords: activation; activity; anti; antiviral; c876a; cancer; cells; complex; control; data; degradation; dependent; domain; downstream; expression; figure; flag; function; gene; hace1; hect; hek293; ifn; ifnb1; induced; infection; inhibited; isre; ligase; luciferase; mavs; negative; pathway; promoter; protein; rac1; regulation; replication; reporter; response; rig; rna; sev; signaling; suppressive; tbk1; traf3; transcription; tumor; type; ubiquitin; usa; viral; virus; vsv cache: cord-263200-ntq1f4ix.txt plain text: cord-263200-ntq1f4ix.txt item: #192 of 445 id: cord-263433-oldy0gta author: Barriocanal, Marina title: Long Non-Coding RNA BST2/BISPR is Induced by IFN and Regulates the Expression of the Antiviral Factor Tetherin date: 2015-01-09 words: 8780 flesch: 42 summary: The proteomics identifications (PRIDE) database and associated tools: status in 2013 Global mapping of translation initiation sites in mammalian cells at single-nucleotide resolution Identification of small ORFs in vertebrates using ribosome footprinting and evolutionary conservation Revisiting the protein-coding gene catalog of Drosophila melanogaster using 12 fly genomes Quantification of different human alpha interferon subtypes and pegylated interferon activities by measuring MxA promoter activation Influenza A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus infection in epithelial cells by alpha interferon-induced soluble secreted proteins An abundance of bidirectional promoters in the human genome Complex Loci in human and mouse genomes Identification of a member of the interferon regulatory factor family that binds to the interferonstimulated response element and activates expression of interferon-induced genes Comparison of microarrays and RNA-seq for gene expression analyses of dose-response experiments Large scale comparison of gene expression levels by microarrays and RNAseq using TCGA data Transcription factor binding and modified histones in human bidirectional promoters Systematic analysis of headto-head gene organization: evolutionary conservation and potential biological relevance Bidirectional gene organization: a common architectural feature of the human genome Expression of the murine RanBP1 and Htf9-c genes is regulated from a shared bidirectional promoter during cell cycle progression Divergent transcription is associated with promoters of transcriptional regulators Functional consequences of bidirectional promoters Induced ncR-NAs allosterically modify RNA-binding proteins in cis to inhibit transcription Antisense expression increases gene expression variability and locus interdependency Tetherin inhibits HIV-1 release by directly tethering virions to cells BST-2/tetherin: structural biology, viral antagonism, and immunobiology of a potent host antiviral factor Intrinsic cellular defenses against human immunodeficiency viruses BST-2 expression in human hepatocytes is inducible by all three types of interferons and restricts production of hepatitis C virus Mechanism of HIV-1 virion entrapment by tetherin BST2/Tetherin inhibits hepatitis C virus production in human hepatoma cells Vpu binds directly to tetherin and displaces it from nascent virions Influenza virus partially counteracts restriction imposed by tetherin/BST-2 Tetherin inhibits retrovirus release and is antagonized by HIV-1 Vpu Interferoninduced cell membrane proteins, IFITM3 and tetherin, inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus infection via distinct mechanisms Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus Interferon type I gene expression in chronic hepatitis C Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C Intrahepatic gene expression during chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees Hepatitis C virus controls interferon production through PKR activation Hepatitis C virus blocks interferon effector function by inducing protein kinase R phosphorylation Interferon-induced ISG15 pathway: an ongoing virus-host battle The antiviral activities of ISG15 Positive regulation of interferon regulatory factor 3 activation by Herc5 via ISG15 modification The interferon stimulated gene 15 functions as a proviral factor for the hepatitis C virus and as a regulator of the IFN response IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses ISG15, a ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene, promotes hepatitis C virus production in vitro: implications for chronic infection and response to treatment Negative feedback regulation of RIG-Imediated antiviral signaling by interferon-induced ISG15 conjugation The antiviral protein viperin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication via interaction with nonstructural protein 5A Regulation of Interferon-stimulated gene BST2 by a lncRNA transcribed from a shared bidirectional promoter Barriocanal contributed to the writing of the manuscript; Victor Segura was in charge of all the bioinformatic analyses; and Puri Fortes conceived the project and the required experiments, provided the budget, interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. The NeST long ncRNA controls microbial susceptibility and epigenetic activation of the interferon-gamma locus Cutting edge: influence of Tmevpg1, a long intergenic noncoding RNA, on the expression of Ifng by Th1 cells An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome The rise of regulatory RNA Human cancer long non-coding RNA transcriptomes Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain Landscape of transcription in human cells Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a Control of alternative splicing through siRNA-mediated transcriptional gene silencing Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of beta-secretase Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor gene p15 by its antisense RNA Long noncoding RNAs: fresh perspectives into the RNA world Thermodynamic instability of siRNA duplex is a prerequisite for dependable prediction of siRNA activities Comparison of approaches for rational siRNA design leading to a new efficient and transparent method Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome Adenovirus VA RNA-derived miRNAs target cellular genes involved in cell growth, gene expression and DNA repair Induction and evasion of type I interferon responses by influenza viruses keywords: a549; activation; analysis; antiviral; array; bidirectional; binding; bispr; candidates; case; cells; cellular; characterized; coding; control; correlation; cytoplasmic; data; database; decreased; different; effect; experiments; expression; factor; figure; gbp1; genes; genome; hcv; hepatitis; high; huh7; human; identification; ifn; ifn response; ifnα2; ifnλ; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interference; interferon; irf1; isgs; levels; liver; lncbst2; lncisg15; lncrnas; long; material; molecular; mutant; negative; neighboring; non; noncoding; nuclear; oas; pathway; patients; pcr; positive; post; potential; production; promoter; protein; regulation; response; results; rna; rnaseq; role; samples; sequences; signaling; significant; similar; sirna; specific; stat; studies; supplementary; table; tetherin; times; transcription; transcripts; treatment; type; units; upregulated; virus; viruses; vsv cache: cord-263433-oldy0gta.txt plain text: cord-263433-oldy0gta.txt item: #193 of 445 id: cord-263862-zzys31e9 author: Ryan, Elizabeth J. title: The Canarypox-virus vaccine vector ALVAC triggers the release of IFN-γ by Natural Killer (NK) cells enhancing Th1 polarization date: 2007-04-30 words: 5851 flesch: 50 summary: A low and transient amount of IFN-␣ could be detected at 2 h in the serum of ALVAC immunised mice (Fig. 2B) . Immuno-depletion of NK cells prior to ALVAC immunisation abrogated IFN-γ production indicating that they are the main cellular source of early IFN-γ in vivo. keywords: adjuvant; alvac; analysis; antibody; antigen; balb; bmdcs; ccl2; cells; chemokines; circulating; control; cxcl10; cytokines; data; day; dcs; determined; dose; effect; elisa; fig; following; groups; human; i.m; ifn-; igg1; igg2a; immune; immunisation; increase; induction; inflammatory; injection; innate; levels; local; mab; maturation; mice; murine; order; pharmingen; placebo; production; protein; recombinant; response; results; samples; secretion; serum; significant; specific; standard; tat; th1; type; vaccine; vivo; −/− cache: cord-263862-zzys31e9.txt plain text: cord-263862-zzys31e9.txt item: #194 of 445 id: cord-264121-4801f4o4 author: Dhariwal, Jaideep title: Anti-viral agents: potential utility in exacerbations of asthma date: 2013-05-09 words: 3713 flesch: 33 summary: Respiratory virus infections account for at least 80% of exacerbations in adults and children [3] [4] [5] [6] and among respiratory viruses human rhinoviruses (RVs) are by far the most common viruses associated [3, 6, 7] . Respiratory virus infections are triggers of AE. keywords: activity; adults; aes; agents; airway; anti; antibody; approaches; associated; asthma; asthmatic; cells; children; clinical; common; development; disease; effective; exacerbations; group; human; ifn; immune; increase; infection; inflammation; influenza; inhaled; life; major; motavizumab; mouse; palivizumab; phase; pneumoniae; potential; production; quercetin; recent; replication; respiratory; response; rhinovirus; role; rsv; rvs; small; studies; study; syncytial; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; treatment; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-264121-4801f4o4.txt plain text: cord-264121-4801f4o4.txt item: #195 of 445 id: cord-265005-e6rpryrh author: Tomasello, Elena title: Harnessing Mechanistic Knowledge on Beneficial Versus Deleterious IFN-I Effects to Design Innovative Immunotherapies Targeting Cytokine Activity to Specific Cell Types date: 2014-10-30 words: 18121 flesch: 29 summary: Further knowledge on the functions and the dynamic regulation of ISGs is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies against viral infections aiming at modulating IFN responses to promote their protective anti-viral cell-intrinsic functions over their deleterious toxic effects. This inhibition is relieved upon cell infection through negative regulation of the function of the RNA-induced silencing complex. keywords: able; activation; activities; activity; acute; adaptive; administration; affinity; alpha; amounts; anti; antibody; antigen; antiviral; autoimmune; autoimmunity; bacterial; beneficial; beta; binding; biological; cancer; case; cd4; cd8; cd8 t; cell responses; cell types; cells; cellular; certain; chronic; chronic viral; clearance; complex; complexes; conditions; contrary; control; critical; cytokines; cytosolic; dcs; defenses; deficient; degradation; deleterious; deleterious ifn; delivery; dendritic; dendritic cells; dependent; depletion; development; different; differential; diseases; distinct; dna; early; effector; effects; efficient; endogenous; exhaustion; expression; factor; feedback; figure; functions; genes; genetic; hcv; hepatitis; hepatocytes; high; hiv-1; host; human; ifn; ifn production; ifnar1; ifnl3; ifns; iii; immune; immune responses; immunity; immunology; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; innate; interferon; intracellular; intrinsic; isg; isgs; key; knowledge; lambda; large; lcmv; lead; levels; like; local; low; macrophages; main; major; manner; maturation; mcmv; mechanisms; mice; microbial; model; molecules; monocytes; mouse; mrna; nature; negative; non; novel; number; particular; pathways; patients; pdcs; peg; phosphorylation; plasmacytoid; polarization; potent; primary; process; production; proliferation; protective; proteins; receptor; recruitment; regulation; replication; resistance; responses; results; rna; role; secondary; self; sensing; signaling; signals; siv; specific; stat1; stimulation; strategies; strong; studies; subsets; subtypes; systemic; t cells; target; targeted; targeting; ternary; th1; therapy; tissues; tlr3; treatment; triggering; tumor; type; understanding; viral; viral infection; viral replication; virus; viruses; vivo; www.frontiersin.org; xcr1 cache: cord-265005-e6rpryrh.txt plain text: cord-265005-e6rpryrh.txt item: #196 of 445 id: cord-265592-r8nlef0h author: Teuber, G. title: Randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial with interferon‐α with and without amantadine sulphate in primary interferon‐α nonresponders with chronic hepatitis C date: 2001-12-21 words: 3800 flesch: 41 summary: A virus M2 protein; characterization of the amantadine block Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with amantadine The roles of amantadine, rimantadine, ursodeoxycholic acid, and NSAIDs, alone or in combination with alpha interferons, in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C Amantadine hydrochloride decreases serum ALT activity without effects on serum HCV-RNA in chronic hepatitis C patients A pilot study of interferon plus amantadine versus interferon alone in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C Randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial of interferon-alfa2a with and without amantadine as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C Amantadine plus interferon in non reponders or relapsing chronic hepatitis C patients: end of treatment response A controlled study of amantadine montherapy vs. amantadine combined with interferon-a in chronic hepatitis C patients nonresponders to interferon-a Classi®cation of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging Clinical evaluation of a new polymerase chain reaction assay (Amplicor TM HCV) for detection of hepatitis C virus Evaluation and comparison of different hepatitis C virus genotyping and serotyping assays 3 Pro®le of Mood States. key: cord-265592-r8nlef0h authors: Teuber, G.; Berg, T.; Naumann, U.; Raedle, J.; Brinkmann, S.; Hopf, U.; Zeuzem, S. title: Randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial with interferon‐α with and without amantadine sulphate in primary interferon‐α nonresponders with chronic hepatitis C date: 2001-12-21 journal: J Viral Hepat DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2001.00297.x sha: doc_id: 265592 cord_uid: r8nlef0h In primary interferon‐α (IFN‐α) nonresponders with chronic hepatitis C, retreatment with IFN‐α has only limited efficacy with sustained response rates below 10%. keywords: a2a; amantadine; amantadine sulphate; antiviral; cacy; chronic; combination; combined; end; fatigue; follow; hcv; health; hepatitis; ifn; ifn‐α; improvement; interferon; life; miu; nonresponders; observed; patients; period; placebo; present; previous; primary; quality; randomized; rates; response; rna; scores; serum; study; subscales; sulphate; sustained; therapy; treatment; virological; virus; weeks cache: cord-265592-r8nlef0h.txt plain text: cord-265592-r8nlef0h.txt item: #197 of 445 id: cord-265697-bbvlowyo author: Sang, Eric R. title: Integrate structural analysis, isoform diversity, and interferon-inductive propensity of ACE2 to predict SARS-CoV2 susceptibility in vertebrates date: 2020-08-31 words: 7326 flesch: 37 summary: Our current results demonstrate several previously unstudied immunogenetic properties of animal ACE2 genes and imply some domestic animals, including dogs, pigs and cattle/goats, may obtain some immunogenetic diversity to confront SARS-CoV2 infection and face a less Figure 6 . Data show that animal ACE2 gene promoters are evolutionally different in containing IFN-or virus-stimulated response elements (ISRE, PRDI, IFRs, and/or STAT1/3 factors) and cis-elements responsive to proinflammatory mediators. keywords: ace2; ace2 genes; ace2 isoforms; addition; affinity; analysis; angiotensin; animal; antiviral; binding; cats; cattle; cell; coronavirus; cov-2; cov2; cov2 susceptibility; covid-19; data; dependent; different; disease; diversity; dog; dogs; domestic; elements; enzyme; evolution; evolutionary; expression; factors; figure; genes; goat; host; human; human ace2; ifn; immunogenetic; infection; interaction; interfacial; interferon; irf3/7; isoforms; isre; key; like; livestock; long; major; matrix; mers; orthologs; pig; pigs; porcine; potential; prediction; promoters; protein; proximal; pwm; rbd; recent; receptor; region; residual; residues; response; sars; sequence; short; simulated; sites; species; structural; studies; susceptibility; susceptible; terminal; transcription; type; viral; virus cache: cord-265697-bbvlowyo.txt plain text: cord-265697-bbvlowyo.txt item: #198 of 445 id: cord-265723-6k8196p2 author: Yu, Chengjun title: Evaluation of safety, efficacy, tolerability, and treatment-related outcomes of type I interferons for Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infection in clinical practice: An updated critical systematic review and meta-analysis date: 2020-06-25 words: 2628 flesch: 33 summary: The study designs, treatment strategies, and outcomes of included studies for evaluation of safety, efficacy, tolerability, and treatment-related outcomes of interferon for coronavirus infection in clinical practice The severe acute respiratory syndrome Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study. Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the Clinical outcomes of current medical approaches for Middle East respiratory syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in children Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection A hospital outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Guangzhou Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Ribavirin and interferon-beta synergistically inhibit SARSassociated coronavirus replication in animal and human cell lines Inhibition of novel β coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-α2b and ribavirin MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-α treatment Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in None. keywords: adverse; analysis; antiviral; better; case; clinical; coronavirus; cov; critically; data; east; effects; efficacy; hcovs; heterogeneity; ifn; ifns; ill; increase; infection; interferons; mers; meta; middle; mortality; outcomes; patients; practice; prospective; randomized; rate; related; respiratory; review; ribavirin; sars; search; severe; studies; study; syndrome; treatment; type cache: cord-265723-6k8196p2.txt plain text: cord-265723-6k8196p2.txt item: #199 of 445 id: cord-265941-eff4le0g author: Eng, Vik Ven title: The diverse roles of RIP kinases in host-pathogen interactions date: 2020-08-26 words: 11932 flesch: 26 summary: A virus infection Protein kinase R contributes to immunity against specific viruses by regulating interferon mRNA integrity Epstein-Barr virus encoded latent membrane protein 1 suppresses necroptosis through targeting RIPK1/3 ubiquitination Autophagy during viral infection -a doubleedged sword RIP3 regulates autophagy and promotes coxsackievirus B3 infection of intestinal epithelial cells Cell death programs in Yersinia immunity and pathogenesis Caspase-8 and RIP kinases regulate bacteria-induced innate immune responses and cell death YopJ family effectors promote bacterial infection through a unique acetyltransferase activity, Microbiol Molecular pathogenesis of infections caused by Legionella pneumophila Discovery of ubiquitin deamidases in the pathogenic arsenal of Legionella pneumophila Glutamine deamidation and dysfunction of ubiquitin/NEDD8 induced by a bacterial effector family Cycle inhibiting factors (cifs): cyclomodulins that usurp the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway of host cells Pathogen blocks host death receptor signalling by arginine GlcNAcylation of death domains A type III effector antagonizes death receptor signalling during bacterial gut infection The type III effectors NleE and NleB from enteropathogenic E. Coli and OspZ from Shigella block nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB p65 A type III effector protease NleC from enteropathogenic Escherichia coli targets NF-κB for degradation Apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles: more than just debris Host cell death and inflammation can also be induced independently of death receptors through inflammasome signaling, as depicted in Fig. 2 . keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; assembly; associated; autophagy; bacterial; binding; caspase-8; causes; cell; cell death; cellular; cleavage; complex; complexes; components; control; critical; cytokine; cytomegalovirus; dai; death; degradation; deletion; dependent; development; direct; disease; domain; downstream; early; effectors; epithelial; exhibit; expression; factor; fadd; family; fig; form; formation; function; gastric; gram; host; human; iav; ifn; immune; immunity; increased; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammasome; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; intestinal; intracellular; k45a; kappab; kinase; like; lrrk2; macrophages; manner; mapk; mcmv; mechanisms; membrane; mice; mlkl; molecular; monocytogenes; mortality; mouse; mtb; murine; mycobacterium; necroptosis; necrosis; nlrp3; nod1; nod2; non; pathogen; pathogenesis; pathways; peptidoglycan; phosphorylation; pneumoniae; pneumophila; polymorphisms; process; production; programmed; protease; protein; pylori; receptor; recognition; recruitment; regulation; release; replication; responses; results; rhim; rho; rip1; rip2; ripk1/3; ripk3; rna; role; salmonella; sars; secretion; sensing; shigella; signaling; small; specific; stimulation; studies; study; subsequent; susceptibility; terminal; tnf; transcription; trif; tuberculosis; type; typhimurium; viral; virulence; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo; zbp1 cache: cord-265941-eff4le0g.txt plain text: cord-265941-eff4le0g.txt item: #200 of 445 id: cord-266679-gs1k7263 author: Jacques, Alexandre title: A synergistic interferon-γ production is induced by mouse hepatitis virus in interleukin-12 (IL-12)/IL-18-activated natural killer cells and modulated by carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM) 1a receptor date: 2009-09-01 words: 7088 flesch: 45 summary: The objectives of this study were to identify the mechanisms used by MHV type 3 to modulate the production of IFN-γ by NK cells during the acute hepatitis in susceptible C57BL/6 mice. Ex vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that NK cells, expressing carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM) 1a (the MHV receptor), can produce a higher level of IFN-γ in the presence of both L2-MHV3 and interleukin-12 (IL-12)/IL-18. keywords: activation; acute; addition; adhesion; anti; antigen; antiviral; bone; c57bl/6; canada; carcinoembryonic; ceacam1a; cells; dependent; dx5; engagement; erk-1/2; expression; fcs; fixation; hepatitis; human; ifn; il-18; infected; infection; inhibitory; interferon; intrahepatic; killer; levels; liver; mapk; marrow; mhv3; mice; mncs; mock; mouse; murine; myeloid; natural; nk cells; nkt; p.i; p38; pathway; presence; production; purified; receptor; replication; response; results; ril-12; role; rpmi-1640; synergistic; type; viral; virus; vivo; wild cache: cord-266679-gs1k7263.txt plain text: cord-266679-gs1k7263.txt item: #201 of 445 id: cord-266914-3eatplc2 author: Wang, Yongjin title: Nsp1 proteins of group I and SARS coronaviruses share structural and functional similarities date: 2010-06-02 words: 4023 flesch: 42 summary: key: cord-266914-3eatplc2 authors: Wang, Yongjin; Shi, Huiling; Rigolet, Pascal; Wu, Nannan; Zhu, Lichen; Xi, Xu-Guang; Vabret, Astrid; Wang, Xiaoming; Wang, Tianhou title: Nsp1 proteins of group I and SARS coronaviruses share structural and functional similarities date: 2010-06-02 journal: Infect Genet Evol DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2010.05.014 sha: doc_id: 266914 cord_uid: 3eatplc2 The nsp1 protein of the highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus suppresses host protein synthesis, including genes involved in the innate immune system. Nsp1 proteins of group I coronaviruses interacted with host ribosomal 40S subunit and did not inhibit IRF-3 activation. keywords: activation; acute; analysis; anti; binding; cells; coronavirus; cov; et al; factor; fig; genes; group; hcov; hcov-229e; host; human; hydrophobic; ifn; immune; immunity; induction; inhibition; innate; interferon; kamitani; levels; like; luciferase; mechanism; ndv; nl63; nsp1; nsp1 proteins; pathogenicity; plasmids; promoter; proteins; residues; respiratory; results; ribosomal; rna; sars; severe; signaling; similar; structure; study; syndrome; synthesis; system; transcription; viral cache: cord-266914-3eatplc2.txt plain text: cord-266914-3eatplc2.txt item: #202 of 445 id: cord-267099-rv6npz8z author: An, Dong title: Molecular characterization and biological activity of bovine interferon-omega3 date: 2017-02-10 words: 4533 flesch: 41 summary: The newfound BoIFN-ω3, which presents a potential as a novel antiviral therapeutic agent, exerts antiviral activity against VSV in several mammalian cell lines and a protective effect against bovine virus that including BEV, IBRV and BVDV. BoIFN-ω3 presented moderate biological activity, low cytotoxicity, and stable physicochemical characteristics, as well as exerted antiviral activity on several mammalian cell lines and a protective effect against VSV, BEV, IBRV, and BVDV. keywords: acid; activities; activity; alpha; amino; analysis; antiproliferative; antiviral; antiviral activity; bev; biological; boifn; bovine; bvdv; cells; characterization; china; cloning; control; dilution; effect; et al; expression; family; feline; fig; genes; host; human; ibrv; ifns; interferon; isg15; isg56; isgs; kidney; mammalian; mdbk; mdbk cells; molecular; mx-1; mx1; novel; omega; pcr; porcine; protective; protein; rabbit; recombinant; samples; study; system; time; transcription; treatment; type; virus; viruses; vsv; ° c; ω24 cache: cord-267099-rv6npz8z.txt plain text: cord-267099-rv6npz8z.txt item: #203 of 445 id: cord-268341-103xf3dw author: Parra, Beatriz title: Kinetics of Cytokine mRNA Expression in the Central Nervous System Following Lethal and Nonlethal Coronavirus-Induced Acute Encephalomyelitis date: 1997-07-07 words: 5792 flesch: 41 summary: TNF-a mRNA is induced following JHMV infection level of IL-12 mRNA in 2.2v-1-infected mice suggests the possibility that oligodendroglia transcribe IL-12 mRNA in (Pearce et al., 1994; Stohlman et al., 1995a; Sun et al., 1995) and TNF-a is present during both the acute and response to JHMV infection, similar to the induction of IL-12 mRNA following measles virus infection of oligo-persistent JHMV infections. infected mice, suggesting a rapid response to virus infection. keywords: accumulation; acute; analysis; antibodies; antigen; associated; astrocytes; cd4; cells; central; clearance; cns; consistent; contrast; coronavirus; cua; cytokine; data; day; days; demyelination; early; effectors; encephalitis; encephalomyelitis; et al; expression; fig; fleming; groups; hepatitis; ifn; il-12; il-4; il-6; immune; immunodeficient; increased; induced; induction; infected; infection; inos; jhmv; kinetics; lethal; lethally; levels; mechanisms; mice; mouse; mrna; nervous; p.i; peak; pearce; persistent; protection; rapid; replication; response; role; sham; specific; stohlman; subacute; sublethal; system; th1; th2; tnf; variant; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo; williamson cache: cord-268341-103xf3dw.txt plain text: cord-268341-103xf3dw.txt item: #204 of 445 id: cord-268419-j90daoiq author: Resende, Lucilene Aparecida title: Cytokine and nitric oxide patterns in dogs immunized with LBSap vaccine, before and after experimental challenge with Leishmania chagasi plus saliva of Lutzomyia longipalpis date: 2013-12-06 words: 7195 flesch: 40 summary: The in vitro assays were performed in 48-well flatbottomed tissue culture plates (Costar, Cambridge, MA, USA), with each well containing 650 l of culture medium (10% fetal bovine serum/1% streptavidin/penicillin, 2 mM lglutamine, and 0.1% ␤-mercaptoethanol in RPMI 1640) and 50 l of PBMCs (5.0 × 10 5 cells/well) with 100 l of vaccine soluble antigen (VSA; L. braziliensis, 25 g/ml) or 100 l of soluble L. chagasi antigen (SLcA, 25 g/ml) obtained according to Reis et al. Aiming to guide the rationale for developing anti-CVL vaccines, studies have been performed to identify biomarkers of immunogenicity before and after L. chagasi challenge (Gutman and Hollywood, 1992; Reis et al., 2010) . keywords: addition; analysis; anti; antigen; bone; braziliensis; canine; cells; chagasi; chagasi challenge; challenge; control; cultures; cvl; cytokine; days; decreased; differences; different; dogs; et al; evaluation; experimental; expression; fig; group; higher; ifn-; il-12; il-4; immune; immunogenicity; increased; infection; l. chagasi; lbsap; lbsap group; leishmania; leishmaniasis; levels; marrow; min; nitric; number; oxide; parasite; pbmcs; presence; production; profile; protocol; relation; response; results; saponin; significant; slca; stimulated; studies; t0 t3; t0 t885; t0 t90; tgf-; time; tnf-; type; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; values; visceral; vsa cache: cord-268419-j90daoiq.txt plain text: cord-268419-j90daoiq.txt item: #205 of 445 id: cord-268438-bjs5oliw author: Jin, Yilin title: Zebrafish TRIM25 Promotes Innate Immune Response to RGNNV Infection by Targeting 2CARD and RD Regions of RIG-I for K63-Linked Ubiquitination date: 2019-12-03 words: 5084 flesch: 40 summary: Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), as intracellular PRRs, composed of RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2, recognize non-self signatures of viral RNAs in the cytosol of cells. RIG-I, as an important component of RLR signaling pathway, can detect viral dsRNAs in the cytoplasm and induce type I IFN production and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines to suppress virus spread during virus infection (22) . keywords: activation; activity; antibodies; antiviral; cells; domain; expression; figure; findings; flag; hek; i-2card; ifn; immune; immunity; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; involved; k63; key; ligase; mavs; mechanism; myc; necrosis; nervous; overexpression; pathway; pcmv; pcr; plasmid; polyubiquitination; positive; production; protein; regions; regulation; regulatory; response; results; rgnnv; rlr; rlrs; rna; rnf135; role; signaling; spry; terminal; type; ubiquitination; virus; zbe3; zbrig; zbtrim25; zebrafish cache: cord-268438-bjs5oliw.txt plain text: cord-268438-bjs5oliw.txt item: #206 of 445 id: cord-269734-u43gt8fh author: Teijaro, J.R. title: Pleiotropic Roles of Type 1 Interferons in Antiviral Immune Responses date: 2016-09-20 words: 7471 flesch: 16 summary: Moreover, exogenous administration of IL-10 to IFNAR1-deficient animals following influenza virus infection partially restored survival and ameliorated lung pathology. Thus, IFN-I can be protective during influenza virus infection either through suppressing virus spread or prompting induction of immune-suppressive cytokines to reign in excessive inflammation. keywords: activation; acute; administration; agonists; alpha; amplification; antibody; antiviral; associated; beta; blockade; cd8; cell; chemokine; chronic; cl13; control; cov; cytokine; deficient; deletion; dendritic; differentiation; disease; early; effects; elevated; enhanced; et al; expansion; expression; function; gene; genetic; hcv; hepatitis; hiv; human; ifn; ifnar1; immune; independent; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; innate; interferon; lcmv; levels; loads; lung; lymphoid; macaques; mice; mortality; mouse; multiple; outcome; pathology; patients; persistent; production; protein; receptor; recruitment; reduced; replication; respiratory; responses; results; role; s1p1r; s1pr1; sars; selective; signaling; signatures; similar; species; specific; stat1; strain; studies; suppressive; survival; t cell; therapy; treatment; type; viral; virus; virus infection; vivo cache: cord-269734-u43gt8fh.txt plain text: cord-269734-u43gt8fh.txt item: #207 of 445 id: cord-270103-g9a72xf6 author: Shin, Hye Jin title: Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity date: 2018-04-20 words: 4095 flesch: 30 summary: Thus, more systematic analyses on the subsets of ISGs induced by antiviral nucleoside analogs are required for the identification of better antiviral drugs that can be used broadly or specifically. In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. keywords: acid; action; activation; activity; agents; analogs; antiviral; biosynthesis; broad; cells; cellular; clinical; cov; drugs; effect; expression; gemcitabine; hcv; hepatitis; hiv; host; human; ifn; immunity; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; innate; interferon; isgs; mechanism; mers; mycophenolic; nucleos(t)ide; nucleoside; nucleoside analogs; pathway; possible; purine; pyrimidine; recent; replication; respiratory; ribavirin; rna; sars; spectrum; synthesis; treatment; virus; viruses; zikv cache: cord-270103-g9a72xf6.txt plain text: cord-270103-g9a72xf6.txt item: #208 of 445 id: cord-270326-fzsczb8m author: Rubio, Nazario title: Demonstration of the presence of a specific interferon-γ receptor on murine astrocyte cell surface date: 1991-12-31 words: 2781 flesch: 44 summary: As described by other authors in studies about IFN-y receptor in macrophages, rat cells do not recognize murine IFN-y (Celada et al., 1984) . I. Induction of la antigen expression on astrocytes by T cells via immune interferon and its effect on antigen presentation The characteristics of binding of human recombinant interferon-y to its receptor on human monocytes and human monocyte-like cell lines Astrocytes present myelin basic protein to encephalitogenic T-cell lines keywords: 125i; affinity; antibodies; antibody; antigens; astrocytes; binding; cells; culture; data; dependent; energy; et al; expression; fig; gamma; high; human; ifn; ifn-7; immune; incubation; interferon; internalization; ligand; macrophages; medium; min; murine; pbs; place; presence; protein; rat; receptor; recombinant; shows; specific; surface; u.s.a cache: cord-270326-fzsczb8m.txt plain text: cord-270326-fzsczb8m.txt item: #209 of 445 id: cord-270380-1me7ugkg author: Wang, Xiaona title: Cloning, Prokaryotic Soluble Expression, and Analysis of Antiviral Activity of Two Novel Feline IFN-ω Proteins date: 2020-03-19 words: 5965 flesch: 36 summary: Furthermore, the antiviral activity of rfeIFN-ωb was better than that of rfeIFN-ωa in homologous and heterologous animal cells, but especially in homologous animal cells that originated from cats. Furthermore, the antiviral activity of rfeIFN-ωb was better than that of rfeIFN-ωa in homologous and heterologous animal cells, but especially in homologous animal cells that originated from cats. keywords: activities; activity; analysis; animal; antiviral; antiviral activity; bl21; broad; bvdv; cats; cells; coli; comparison; conditions; control; cpv; differences; different; expression; f81; fcov; feline; figure; genes; glycosylation; group; heterologous; homologous; homology; ifns; induction; infections; intercat; intercat ifn; interferon; iptg; mdbk; mdck; omega; pcold; pedv; proteins; purified; recombinant; recombinant feifn; results; rfeifn; server; significant; sites; software; soluble; species; spectrum; stronger; study; subtypes; therapeutic; vero; virus; viruses; vsv; ωb proteins cache: cord-270380-1me7ugkg.txt plain text: cord-270380-1me7ugkg.txt item: #210 of 445 id: cord-270498-hh6h50t2 author: Tseng, Chin-Kai title: Celastrol inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by upregulating heme oxygenase-1 via the JNK MAPK/Nrf2 pathway in human hepatoma cells date: 2017-09-19 words: 4977 flesch: 39 summary: Activation of the MAPK signaling cascade, which includes p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, has been reported to be involved in HO-1 induction resulting in anti-HCV activity (Huang et al., 2006 whether MAPKs are involved in anti-HCV effect of celastrol, Ava5 cells were treated with 0.5 mM celastrol for 0e120 min. HO-1 induction was recently shown to result in anti-HCV activity by inducing type I interferon and inhibiting hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease activity. keywords: activation; activity; anti; antiviral; assay; ava5; celastrol; cells; combination; concentrations; contrast; control; daclatasvir; days; drug; effect; erk1/2; et al; expression; fig; firefly; gene; genotype; hcv; heme; hepatitis; ho-1; human; ifn; induction; infection; inhibitor; inhibits; interferon; jnk; kinase; lee; levels; luciferase; mapk; nrf2; ns3/4a; nuclear; oxygenase-1; p38; pathway; patients; promoter; protease; protein; regulation; replication; replicon; response; results; rna; signaling; snmp; sofosbuvir; specific; telaprevir; treatment; usa; virus; western cache: cord-270498-hh6h50t2.txt plain text: cord-270498-hh6h50t2.txt item: #211 of 445 id: cord-270534-ebkwv4zo author: Bodmer, Bianca S. title: Live-attenuated bivalent measles virus-derived vaccines targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus induce robust and multifunctional T cell responses against both viruses in an appropriate mouse model date: 2018-06-11 words: 6556 flesch: 42 summary: In this study, we aimed to understand the induction of immunity and the functionality of induced T cell responses after vaccination with MV vac2 -MERS-S(H), a vaccine candidate that induces protective immunity against MERS-CoV in an appropriate animal model. In our study, the strong correlation of IFN-γ and TNF-α expression thus indicates a high functionality of induced T cell responses. keywords: -atu(p; adult; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigen; bulk; camels; candidate; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; control; coronavirus; cov; days; dromedary; east; efficacy; elispot; encoding; et al; expression; fig; flow; germany; human; ifn; immune; immunity; immunization; inactivated; induced; induction; infection; left; malczyk; mean; measles; mers; mice; middle; model; multifunctional; mv vac2; neutralizing; panel; peptide; platform; protein; recombinant; replication; respiratory; responses; robust; s(h; s1165; significant; specific; splenocytes; stimulated; stimulation; studies; syndrome; t cells; titers; tnf; vac2; vac2 -mers; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; vector; viral; virus; vnt cache: cord-270534-ebkwv4zo.txt plain text: cord-270534-ebkwv4zo.txt item: #212 of 445 id: cord-271114-hv3gwvdi author: Allam, Gamal title: Neonatal infections in Saudi Arabia: Association with cytokine gene polymorphisms date: 2015-04-22 words: 5568 flesch: 45 summary: Cent Eur J Immunol DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.50836 sha: doc_id: 271114 cord_uid: hv3gwvdi In recent years, many studies have reported potential associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and the development, course, and outcome of sepsis, often with apparently conflicting results. Regarding IL-1β gene polymorphisms, previous studies indicate that SNPs of IL-1β may be associated with a poor prognosis from sepsis keywords: -174; -308; allele; alpha; analysis; association; birth; blood; concentrations; cytokine; data; development; different; early; eos; factor; free; gene; genetic; genotype; group; higher; ifn; il-1β; il-6; individuals; infants; infection; inflammatory; interleukin-6; levels; low; mortality; necrosis; neonatal; neonates; newborn; onset; outcome; patients; polymorphisms; previous; promoter; response; results; risk; role; saudi; sepsis; septic; serum; shock; significant; snps; studies; study; susceptibility; table; tnf; tumor; value; weight cache: cord-271114-hv3gwvdi.txt plain text: cord-271114-hv3gwvdi.txt item: #213 of 445 id: cord-271250-ywb26cq6 author: Sarkar, Indranil title: Selection of adjuvants for vaccines targeting specific pathogens date: 2019-04-22 words: 11442 flesch: 35 summary: Vaccines (Basel) Vaccine development for respiratory syncytial virus Adjuvants and the vaccine response to the DS-Cav1-stabilized fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus van den Hurk S. Induction of mucosal immunity and protection by intranasal immunization with a respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccine formulation Mucosal adjuvants: opportunities and challenges What role does the route of immunization play in the generation of protective immunity against mucosal pathogens? Intranasal immunization with H5N1 vaccine plus poly I:poly C12U, a toll-like receptor agonist, protects mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge TLR3 agonists and proinflammatory antitumor activities Leukotrienes are potent adjuvant during fungal infection: effects on memory T cells Antigenic diversity and immune evasion by malaria parasites Immune mechanisms in malaria: new insights in vaccine development Induction of cross-reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses specific for HIV-1 gp120 using saponin adjuvant (QS-21) supplemented subunit vaccine formulations The future of the rts,s/as01 malaria vaccine: an alternative development plan Vaccine adjuvant uses of poly-IC and derivatives Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices for use of herpes zoster vaccines Cell-mediated immune responses to a varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E vaccine using both a TLR agonist and QS21 in mice HPV -immune response to infection and vaccination Efficacy of human papillomavirus L1 protein vaccines (Cervarix and Gardasil) in reducing the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a meta-analysis Immunobiology of HPV and HPV vaccines Comparative immunogenicity and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine and HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine administered according to 2-and 3-dose schedules in girls aged 9-14 years: results to month 12 from a randomized trial Adjuvants in tuberculosis vaccine development TB vaccine development and the end tb strategy: importance and current status NOD2 and toll-like receptors are nonredundant recognition systems of mycobacterium tuberculosis Multi-stage subunit vaccines against mycobacterium tuberculosis: an alternative to the BCG vaccine or a BCG-prime boost? Phase 2b controlled trial of M72/AS01E vaccine to prevent tuberculosis Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow fever vaccine in humans Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans Expression of genes associated with immunoproteasome processing of major histocompatibility complex peptides is indicative of protection with adjuvanted RTS, S malaria vaccine Integrated analysis of genetic and proteomic data identifies biomarkers associated with adverse events following smallpox vaccination Molecular signatures of a TLR4 agonist-adjuvanted hiv-1 vaccine candidate in humans Molecular and cellular signatures underlying superior immunity against Bordetella pertussis upon pulmonary vaccination Systems vaccinology identifies an early innate immune signature as a correlate of antibody responses to the ebola vaccine rVSV-ZEBOV Predictive markers of safety and immunogenicity of adjuvanted vaccines MF59 and Pam3CSK4 boost adaptive responses to influenza subunit vaccine through an IFN type I-independent mechanism of action The T helper type 2 response to cysteine proteases requires dendritic cell-basophil cooperation via ROS-mediated signaling Key roles of adjuvants in modern vaccines Systems analysis of protective immune responses to RTS,S malaria vaccination in humans Complex immune correlates of protection in HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials Identification of immune signatures predictive of clinical protection from malaria Systems vaccinology: enabling rational vaccine design with systems biological approaches New approaches to understanding the immune response to vaccination and infection Vaccine adjuvants: putting innate immunity to work The importance of adjuvant formulation in the development of a tuberculosis vaccine Recent advances of vaccine adjuvants for infectious diseases The authors like to thank all the current and previous members from the laboratory as well as the animal care facility at VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Canada for their contribution. Front Immunol STING-activating adjuvants elicit a Th17 immune response and protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection A liposome-based mycobacterial vaccine induces potent adult and neonatal multifunctional T cells through the exquisite targeting of dendritic cells Intranasal c-di-GMPadjuvanted plant-derived H5 influenza vaccine induces multifunctional Th1 CD4+ cells and strong mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice Randomized, double-blind, phase 2a trial of falciparum malaria vaccines RTS,S/ AS01B and RTS,S/AS02A in malaria-naive adults: safety, efficacy, and immunologic associates of protection Mechanisms of action of adjuvants Synthetic cationic peptide IDR-1002 provides protection against bacterial infections through chemokine induction and enhanced leukocyte recruitment 11 (TLR11) interacts with flagellin and profilin through disparate mechanisms CpG oligonucleotides as cancer vaccine adjuvants. keywords: acid; action; activation; activity; adaptive; adjuvanticity; adjuvants; alum; aluminum; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antibody responses; antigen; apcs; approach; as01; as03; as04; caf01; candidate; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; chemokines; chitosan; clinical; cmi; combination; complex; correlates; cpg; critical; cytokines; dcs; delivery; dendritic; dependent; development; different; differentiation; distinct; dlns; dna; early; effective; efficacy; enhanced; formulation; generation; genes; high; hiv; hpv; human; humoral; identification; ifn; il-6; immune; immune responses; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; important; improved; induction; inflammatory; influenza; injection; innate; innate immune; interaction; iscomatrix; leads; levels; like; liposomes; local; long; macrophages; malaria; mechanism; memory; mf59; mhc; mice; molecular; mpl; mtb; mucosal; mucosal adjuvants; nanoparticles; new; novel; oil; pathogens; pathways; phase; poly(i; potent; presentation; production; protective; protein; qs-21; receptor; recruitment; release; responses; results; role; rts; safety; saponin; signaling; signatures; site; specific; study; subsequent; subunit; surface; systemic; systems; t cells; target; th1; th17; th2; tlr4; trial; tuberculosis; type; understanding; uptake; use; vaccination; vaccine; vaccine adjuvants; vaccinology; virus; vivo; years cache: cord-271250-ywb26cq6.txt plain text: cord-271250-ywb26cq6.txt item: #214 of 445 id: cord-271970-i35pic5o author: Boris, Bonaventure title: A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out screen identifies the DEAD box RNA helicase DDX42 as a broad antiviral inhibitor date: 2020-10-28 words: 6369 flesch: 39 summary: With the aim of identifying new cellular inhibitors of HIV-1, we have developed a strategy in which we took advantage of the ability of type 1 interferon (IFN) to potently inhibit HIV-1 infection, in order to create a cellular environment hostile to viral replication. Similarly, the overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of DDX42 positively impacted HIV-1 infection, whereas wild-type DDX42 overexpression potently inhibited HIV-1 infection. keywords: 24h; activity; aldrich; analysis; antiviral; assays; box; broad; candidate; capsid; cas9; cd4; cells; chikv; coding; complexes; control; cov-2; crispr; cxcr4; data; days; ddx42; dead; depletion; different; dna; efficiency; endogenous; entry; et al; expression; figure; firefly; fold; gag; gecko; genes; genome; gfp; goujon; helicase; high; hiv; host; human; ifn; immunodeficiency; impact; increased; independent; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; integration; interferon; line; luciferase; lvs; mdms; min; mouse; mx2; negative; nl4; non; number; order; p24; pbs1x; pla; populations; post; primary; protein; proximity; renilla; replication; reporter; retrotransposition; reverse; rna; sars; scientific; screen; serum; sgrnas; sigma; system; targeting; transcription; treatment; type; vero; viral; virus; viruses; wide cache: cord-271970-i35pic5o.txt plain text: cord-271970-i35pic5o.txt item: #215 of 445 id: cord-272117-erzpz3c0 author: Downey, Jeffrey title: Dissecting host cell death programs in the pathogenesis of influenza date: 2018-04-18 words: 9262 flesch: 28 summary: Moreover, the magnitude of epithelial cell apoptosis was positively associated with IAV strain pathogenicity in vivo [32, 23, 48] and in vitro Support for the protective capacity of apoptosis is that critical host antiviral factors actively induce epithelial cell apoptosis. keywords: activation; acute; addition; aec; airways; alveolar; am4; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; associated; avian; cases; cell death; cells; cellular; clinical; complex; critical; damage; death; dependent; disease; dissemination; distal; early; endothelial; epithelial; epithelial cells; essential; expression; factors; fibroblasts; h1n1; h5n1; homeostasis; host; hpai; human; iav; iav infection; ifn; immune; immunity; immunopathology; induced; induction; infected; infection; infects; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; injury; innate; interferon; isgs; kinetics; lung; macrophages; mechanisms; membrane; mice; middle; mitochondrial; necroptosis; necrosis; ns1; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathways; pb1; pkr; production; programmed; programs; protective; protein; pulmonary; recent; release; replication; resistance; respiratory; response; ripk3; role; severe; severity; signaling; strains; structural; studies; study; survival; susceptibility; syndrome; tissue; trail; type; viral; virulence; virulent; virus; virus infection; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-272117-erzpz3c0.txt plain text: cord-272117-erzpz3c0.txt item: #216 of 445 id: cord-272237-gnno6elo author: Wang, Ziran title: A Wearable and Deformable Graphene-Based Affinity Nanosensor for Monitoring of Cytokines in Biofluids date: 2020-07-31 words: 4475 flesch: 47 summary: To date, efforts have been made to use GFET biosensors in wearable applications due to the high mechanical flexibility of graphene [15] [16] To date, efforts have been made to use GFET biosensors in wearable applications due to the high mechanical flexibility of graphene [15] [16] keywords: aptamer; artificial; artificial tears; binding; biosensor; body; concentrations; consistent; control; cytokines; detection; different; dirac; figure; gfet; graphene; high; human; ifn; large; lod; max; monitoring; non; pase; proteins; sensing; sensitive; signal; specific; substrate; surface; tears; time; tnf; tween; wearable; δvdirac cache: cord-272237-gnno6elo.txt plain text: cord-272237-gnno6elo.txt item: #217 of 445 id: cord-272695-wmzq4lkh author: Ahmed, Ahmed A. title: TNF-α − 308 G/A and IFN-γ + 874 A/T gene polymorphisms in Saudi patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis date: 2020-05-13 words: 3820 flesch: 48 summary: This study was undertaken to test the association of TNF-α − 308 and IFN-γ + 874 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility of Leishmania (L) species among CL patients in central region of Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, an association of TNF-αor IFN-γ with the increase of tissue damage or ulceration was also reported in CL patients [8] . keywords: allele; allelic; arabia; association; combined; controls; cutaneous; cytokines; data; different; dna; frequency; gamma; gene; genotype; healthy; higher; human; ifn; infection; lanes; leishmaniasis; major; patients; pcr; polymorphism; primer; region; reported; results; role; sample; saudi; significant; species; study; susceptibility; table; th1; tnf; total; tropica; α-308 cache: cord-272695-wmzq4lkh.txt plain text: cord-272695-wmzq4lkh.txt item: #218 of 445 id: cord-273050-reez33md author: Wang, Zhenling title: Type I IFN deficiency: an immunological characteristic of severe COVID-19 patients date: 2020-09-14 words: 1338 flesch: 42 summary: These findings provide insights into the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with type I IFN. Fig. 1 Immunological characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients. keywords: authors; blood; cells; covid-19; critical; disease; genes; hadjadj; high; ifn; immunological; impaired; inflammatory; lower; lymphocytopenia; mild; patients; production; respiratory; response; severe; severity; type; viral cache: cord-273050-reez33md.txt plain text: cord-273050-reez33md.txt item: #219 of 445 id: cord-273122-w9hemznv author: Jans, Jop title: Actin- and clathrin-dependent mechanisms regulate interferon gamma release after stimulation of human immune cells with respiratory syncytial virus date: 2016-03-22 words: 4739 flesch: 43 summary: PBMCs contain important cells that reflect the immune response against RSV like dendritic cells, monocytes and T cells [4, [24] Previous literature shows that T cells are the main producers of IFN-γ in our model of PBMCs and stimulation with RSV [24] . keywords: actin; activation; antigen; binding; blood; cd14; cell; clathrin; cpz; cytod; data; dependent; effect; entry; epithelial; expression; fig; gamma; gene; human; ifn; il-18; immune; infection; inhibition; interferon; internalization; like; macrophages; mhc; model; monocytes; pbmcs; pre; processes; receptor; release; respiratory; response; role; rpmi; rsv; signaling; stimulation; study; syncytial; transcription; treatment; upregulation; viral; virus cache: cord-273122-w9hemznv.txt plain text: cord-273122-w9hemznv.txt item: #220 of 445 id: cord-273144-er6irjw3 author: Powell, Fiona title: Development of reagents to study the turkey's immune response: Cloning and characterisation of two turkey cytokines, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-13 date: 2012-06-15 words: 3967 flesch: 48 summary: Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution Turkey and chicken interleukin-18 (IL18) share high sequence identity, but have different polyadenylation sites in their 3 UTR The avian immune genome-a glass half-full or halfempty? Advances in avian immunology-prospects for disease control: a review A genomic analysis of chicken cytokines and chemokines Differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum Avian cytokines and chemokines Production of antibodies against chicken interferon-␥: demonstration of neutralizing activity and development of a quantitative ELISA Turkey and chicken interleukin-2 cross-react in in vitro proliferation assays despite limited amino acid sequence identity Turkey and chicken interferon-␥, which share high sequence identity, are biologically cross-reactive Molecular identification and characterization of turkey IFN-␥ gene Foot pad dermatitis in growing turkeys is associated with cytokine and cellular changes indicative of an inflammatory immune response Comprehensive analysis of commercially available mouse antichicken monoclonal antibodies for cross-reactivity with peripheral blood leukocytes from commercial turkeys Development of reagents to study the turkey's immune response: identification and molecular cloning of turkey CD4, CD8␣ and CD28 The turkey, compared to the chicken, fails to mount an effective early immune response to Histomonas meleagridis in the gut Cloning and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific for chicken interleukin-2 Cloning and characterization of chicken IL-10 and its role in the immune response to Eimeria maxima Comparative immunology of agricultural birds Molecular and functional characterization of turkey interferon Immunopathogenesis of Ascaridia galli infection in layer chicken Recombinant turkey IL-10 was expressed and bioactivity demonstrated by inhibition of IFN-γ synthesis from activated splenocytes. keywords: analysis; avery; avian; cdna; cells; changes; chicken; codon; conserved; cross; cysteine; cytokines; et al; expression; fig; gene; genome; high; human; identity; ifn-; il-10; immune; infection; kaiser; kit; lawson; levels; lymphoid; min; mrna; murine; non; pcr; pha; primer; production; qiagen; reagents; real; recombinant; residues; response; reverse; sequence; species; splenocytes; start; stimulation; th2; time; tissues; turkey cache: cord-273144-er6irjw3.txt plain text: cord-273144-er6irjw3.txt item: #221 of 445 id: cord-274247-5qiwui6u author: Torrecilhas, A C T title: Interference of natural mouse hepatitis virus infection with cytokine production and susceptibility to Trypanosoma cruzi date: 1999-03-01 words: 4027 flesch: 38 summary: The SD did not infected (from MHV+ donors) C57BL/6 mice by day 28 after exceed 20% of the mean. infection and in 30% of a group of 20 BALB/c mice that survived to 28 days after being infected with 50 T. cruzi Statistical analysis forms. In C57BL/6 mice, the values were 14 units/ml had concomitant MHV infection would compare with a in untreated versus 10 units/ml in GK1.5-treated Con similar inoculum originated in MHV− mice in regard to their A-stimulated cultures and 13 versus 10 units/ml, respectively, course of infection in a T. cruzi-susceptible (BALB/c) and in after T-Ag stimulation. keywords: acute; anti; balb; blood; c57bl/6; cell; colonies; comparison; con; course; cruzi; cultures; cytokine; day; differences; donors; fig; forms; hepatitis; higher; ifn; il-10; il-4; immune; infected; infection; inocula; inoculum; laboratory; levels; low; mab; mhv; mice; mouse; natural; observed; parasitaemia; parasite; production; resistance; responses; serum; specific; spleen; stimulated; stimulation; strains; susceptibility; trypanosoma; units; virulence; virus cache: cord-274247-5qiwui6u.txt plain text: cord-274247-5qiwui6u.txt item: #222 of 445 id: cord-274816-6xpma224 author: Onal, Merih title: Can secondary lymphoid organs exert a favorable effect on the mild course of COVID-19 in children? date: 2020-10-27 words: 1426 flesch: 36 summary: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin A COVID-19 Transmission within a family cluster by presymptomatic infectors in China Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China Seroepidemiological analysis of influenza pandemics in Shizuoka Prefecture and all Japan Short-and long-term impacts of adenoidectomy with/without tonsillectomy on immune function of young children <3 years of age: a cohort study Immunology of tonsils and adenoids: everything the ENT surgeon needs to know Nasal allergen provocation induces adhesion molecule expression and tissue eosinophilia in upper and lower airways Children with recurrent otitis show defective IFN-gamma producing cells in adenoids Current Scenario of COVID-19 in pediatric age group and physiology of immune and thymus response Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue Differential expression of immunoglobulin A in the adenoids of children with and without exudative otitis media Adenoid hypetrophy: definition of some risk factors Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis Early stage impacts of tonsillectomy on immune functions of children Tonsillar cytokine expression between patients with tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis Intratonsillar detection of 27 distinct viruses: a cross-sectional study Profile of immunoglobulin production in adenoid and tonsil lymphocytes In fact, it is believed that when there is chronic inflammation in these organs, they do not play part in protection against upper respiratory tract infection and even inhibit immune response, enhancing the severity of the infection [17] . keywords: adenoid; adults; age; cells; children; coronavirus; covid-19; diseases; hypertrophy; ifn; immune; levels; lower; lymphocytes; organs; patients; recurrent; respiratory; response; study; system; tonsillar; tonsillitis; tonsils; upper; viral; virus cache: cord-274816-6xpma224.txt plain text: cord-274816-6xpma224.txt item: #223 of 445 id: cord-275413-e2rhioty author: Rowland, Raymond R.R. title: The interaction between PRRSV and the late gestation pig fetus date: 2010-09-09 words: 6192 flesch: 42 summary: The IHC staining procedure included two sets of negative controls: tissue thin sections from non-infected fetuses and from infected fetuses stained with only secondary antibody. This scenario as a cause of severe interstitial pnuemonia in the PRRSV-infected newborn requires further investigation, but has obvious implications in the etiology of postnatal pulmonary complications following virus infections of the fetus. keywords: amniotic; amplification; antibody; antigen; blood; cd79; cdw75; cells; centers; changes; control; cytokine; dams; data; days; et al; evidence; expression; fetal; fetuses; fig; fluid; gamma; gene; germinal; gestation; gross; ifn-; il-10; immune; individual; infected; infected fetuses; infection; isolation; lung; lymph; macrophages; maternal; mrna; negative; neonatal; nodes; non; orf5; pathology; pcr; pigs; placenta; population; porcine; positive; pregnancy; presence; primers; products; prrsv; replication; reproductive; respiratory; response; results; rowland; sequences; sequencing; serum; source; sows; staining; study; syndrome; table; th1; thymus; tissues; tnf-; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-275413-e2rhioty.txt plain text: cord-275413-e2rhioty.txt item: #224 of 445 id: cord-275643-lbikoyo3 author: Beidas, Meshal title: Effect of Human Coronavirus OC43 Structural and Accessory Proteins on the Transcriptional Activation of Antiviral Response Elements date: 2018-07-24 words: 3428 flesch: 43 summary: Individual transmembrane domains show preferred orientation Sequence comparison of the N genes of five strains of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus suggests a three domain structure for the nucleocapsid protein Genetic evidence for a structural interaction between the carboxy termini of the membrane and nucleocapsid proteins of mouse hepatitis virus Activation of NF-kappaB by the full-length nucleocapsid protein of the SARS coronavirus Human coronavirus OC43 nucleocapsid protein binds microRNA 9 and potentiates NF-κB activation Induction and regulatory function of miR-9 in human monocytes and neutrophils exposed to proinflammatory signals Influenza A virus-encoded NS1 virulence factor protein inhibits innate immune response by targeting IKK The NS1 protein of influenza A virus blocks RIG-I-mediated activation of the noncanonical NF-kappaB pathway and p52/RelB-dependent gene expression in lung epithelial cells Modulation of influenza A virus replication by microRNA-9 through targeting MCPIP1 This work was in part supported by Kuwait University Research Administration Grant No. YM 04/15. The transcriptional activity of ISRE, IFN-β promoter, and NF-κB-RE was significantly reduced in the presence of HCoV-OC43 ns2a, ns5a, M, or N protein, following the challenge of cells with Sendai virus, IFN-α or tumor necrosis factor-α. keywords: accessory; activation; activity; antiviral; cells; control; coronavirus; data; elements; expression; firefly; following; genes; hcov; hek-293; human; ifn; influenza; interferon; isre; luciferase; mers; ns1; ns2a; ns5a; oc43; pacgfp1; pcr; presence; promega; promoter; protein; respiratory; response; rna; sars; signaling; structural; syndrome; transcriptional; type; usa; vector cache: cord-275643-lbikoyo3.txt plain text: cord-275643-lbikoyo3.txt item: #225 of 445 id: cord-275690-83nrzfon author: Stanifer, Megan L. title: Critical role of type III interferon in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, replication and spread in primary human intestinal epithelial cells date: 2020-04-24 words: 4699 flesch: 40 summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection of the gastrointestinal tract is supported by the fact that ACE2, the virus receptor (Hoffmann et al., 2020) , is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (Zhao et al., 2020) (Lukassen et al., 2020) (Wu et al., 2020a) (Venkatakrishnan et al., 2020) and single cell sequencing analysis suggest that its expression is even higher on intestinal cells compared to lung cells (Xu et al., 2020a) Here, we engaged in studying SARS-CoV-2 infection of human intestinal cells. keywords: analysis; antiviral; cells; colon; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; dsrna; enteric; epithelial; et al; expression; fig; genome; gut; human; iecs; ifn; ifnl; ifns; iii; immune; increase; infected; infection; interferon; intestinal; large; lung; novo; number; organoids; particles; presence; primary; production; receptor; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; sars; single; spread; support; t84; tract; type; vero; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-275690-83nrzfon.txt plain text: cord-275690-83nrzfon.txt item: #226 of 445 id: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h author: Monette, Anne title: T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders date: 2018-10-24 words: 28288 flesch: 24 summary: As cellular immunity to VZV wanes in the elderly and immunocompromised populations, latent VZV becomes reactivated and causes zoster (i.e., shingles, herpes zoster), which is usually associated with chronic pain but also numerous other serious neurological and ocular disorders, as well as multiple visceral and gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcers, hepatitis, and pancreatitis (Gershon et al., 2015; Gilden et al., 2010) . Transmission to humans is via the rodent host Mastomys natalensis (Mccormick et al., 1987) . keywords: 17d; absence; activation; activity; acute; adaptive; adaptive immune; adenovirus; adults; africa; agents; alphaviruses; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antibody responses; antigen; antiviral; associated; attenuated; available; b cells; b virus; baize et; bbb; blood; brain; burden; capsid; cases; cause; cchfv; cd4; cd8 þ; cell immune; cell immunity; cell responses; cellular; cellular immune; central; characterization; characterized; children; chronic; class; clearance; clinical; clones; cns; common; complement; complex; congo; conserved; control; correlates; countries; crimean; critical; cross; ctls; current; cytokine; cytotoxic; cytotoxicity; days; deaths; dengue; dengue virus; denv; dependent; design; development; diameter; diamond; disease; disorders; dissemination; distinct; dna; doses; early; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; effective; effector; efficacy; emergence; encephalitis; encephalitis virus; encodes; endemic; entry; envelope; epidemics; epidemiology; epitopes; equine; eradication; estimated; et al; evasion; evidence; exanthems; existing; exposure; expression; factors; family; fatal; fatality; fever; fever virus; fisher; flaviviruses; fusion; future; gamma; ganglia; gastroenteritis; generation; genome; genus; gershon; global; gps; group; hadv; hav; hbv; hcc; hcv; hdv; healthy; hemorrhagic; hepatitis; herpes; hev; high; hiv; hla; hoch; hospitalization; host; hpiv; human; human t; humoral; ifn; igg; illness; immune; immune responses; immunity; immunization; immunocompetent; immunocompromised; immunogenicity; important; inactivated; increases; individuals; induced; induction; infants; infected; infected cells; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; innate; interferon; japanese; large; lassa; lasv; later; lethal; levels; licensed; lifelong; live; long; lower; lymphocytes; macrophages; main; major; majority; matrix; mccormick; measles; measles virus; mechanisms; member; membrane; memory; memory t; mev; mice; military; model; morbidity; mortality; mosquito; multiple; natural; nervous; neurological; neurons; neutralizing; new; nile; non; ns3; numerous; observations; organ; outbreaks; paessler; parainfluenza; particles; pathogenesis; pathogens; patients; pediatric; persistence; person; pneumonia; polymerase; polyprotein; populations; potential; prevention; primary; programs; protection; proteins; rabies; rabv; rapid; rash; rates; recent; receptor; recognition; recombinant; recovery; replication; research; respiratory; responses; responsible; results; review; risk; rna; robust; role; rotavirus; route; rsv; rubella; rubella virus; safety; sense; serotypes; severe; shin et; significant; single; skin; smallpox; specific; specific cd8; spread; states; strains; strategies; strong; structural; studies; study; subsets; surface; survivors; symptoms; syncytial; syncytial virus; system; systemic; t cells; targeting; term; tick; time; tissue; tnf; tract; transmission; treatment; tropism; type; united; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; vacv; varicella; variola; varv; vascular; vectors; veev; venezuelan; viral; virus; virus infection; virus vaccine; viruses; vzv; watson; west; white et; world; worldwide; years; yellow; yfv; zoster; zoster virus; þ t cache: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt plain text: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt item: #227 of 445 id: cord-276034-a8pixbuc author: Zhi, Yan title: Identification of murine CD8 T cell epitopes in codon-optimized SARS-associated coronavirus spike protein date: 2005-04-25 words: 6232 flesch: 42 summary: key: cord-276034-a8pixbuc authors: Zhi, Yan; Kobinger, Gary P.; Jordan, Heather; Suchma, Katie; Weiss, Susan R.; Shen, Hao; Schumer, Gregory; Gao, Guangping; Boyer, Julie L.; Crystal, Ronald G.; Wilson, James M. title: Identification of murine CD8 T cell epitopes in codon-optimized SARS-associated coronavirus spike protein date: 2005-04-25 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.01.050 sha: doc_id: 276034 cord_uid: a8pixbuc The causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new type of coronavirus, SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). CD8 T cells play an important role in controlling diseases caused by other coronaviruses and in mediating vaccine-induced protective immunity in corresponding animal models. keywords: -restricted; acute; adenoviral; adhu5.cmvnspike; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; balb; c57bl/6; carrier; cd4; cd8; cd8 t; cell; cell epitopes; cell responses; codon; coronavirus; cov; cov spike; days; defective; elispot; encoding; epitopes; et al; expression; fig; gene; h-2; human; ifn; immune; immunization; immunized; immunogenicity; infected; infection; intracellular; mers; mice; mouse; optimal; patients; peptide; pools; positive; present; promoter; protein; replication; respiratory; responses; results; sars; severe; simian; specific; spike; spike protein; splenocytes; staining; syndrome; t cells; vaccine; vectors; vitro cache: cord-276034-a8pixbuc.txt plain text: cord-276034-a8pixbuc.txt item: #228 of 445 id: cord-276166-b1e0bbrp author: Li, Shi-fang title: Interferon-omega: Current status in clinical applications date: 2017-10-12 words: 7743 flesch: 41 summary: Type II IFN, namely IFN-γ, is produced by T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in response to the recognition of infected cells [5] . [19] Cattle Chromosome 8q15 The IFN-ω family in cattle (BoIFN-ω) consists of 24 members that contain two pseudogenes and 22 functional genes. keywords: acid; activities; activity; addition; alpha; alternative; amino; antibodies; antitumor; antiviral; aps-1; autoantibodies; autoimmune; bat; biological; bovine; calicivirus; canine; cats; cells; characteristics; characterization; chronic; clinical; cloning; combination; common; conserved; control; dependent; dermatitis; diarrhea; different; disease; dose; effective; effects; efficacy; expression; factor; family; fcv; feline; feline interferon; felv; fiv; gene; glycosylated; group; half; hcv; hepatitis; higher; human; human ifn; ifn; ifns; immunodeficiency; infected; infections; influenza; inhibitory; interferon; kidney; life; manner; novel; omega; oral; parvovirus; patients; poifn; porcine; positions; previous; protein; putative; rbv; receptor; recombinant; residues; response; results; review; rfeifn; rhuifn; sequence; significant; similar; sites; species; specific; studies; study; subcutaneous; subtypes; syndrome; terminus; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; tumor; type; use; virus cache: cord-276166-b1e0bbrp.txt plain text: cord-276166-b1e0bbrp.txt item: #229 of 445 id: cord-276350-lcl9jn35 author: Acharya, Dhiraj title: Dysregulation of type I interferon responses in COVID-19 date: 2020-05-26 words: 1610 flesch: 31 summary: Future studies should explore how IFN dysregulation during COVID-19 might shape T cell responses and, given that CD4 + T cell activation is crucial for the development of B cell immunity, how this may in turn affect antibody responses. While patients with severe COVID-19 showed profound depletion and functional exhaustion of NK cells 8 , it is unclear whether this NK cell dysfunction is due to dysregulation of IFN responses. keywords: administration; cells; covid-19; crs; cytokines; development; dysregulation; ifn; ifnar; ifns; immune; infection; inflammatory; interferon; lungs; macrophages; mers; mice; patients; production; replication; respiratory; responses; sars; severe; signalling; type; viral cache: cord-276350-lcl9jn35.txt plain text: cord-276350-lcl9jn35.txt item: #230 of 445 id: cord-276587-ynionj5r author: Hwang, Mihyun title: Alpha/Beta Interferon (IFN-α/β) Signaling in Astrocytes Mediates Protection against Viral Encephalomyelitis and Regulates IFN-γ-Dependent Responses date: 2018-04-27 words: 9081 flesch: 40 summary: fl/fl mice not only was associated with increased astrocyte infection but also affected neurons and microglia, despite overall elevated and sustained levels of mRNAs for IFN-␤ and IFN-␣ genes and ISGs. Finally, our results show that extensive virus spread in the absence of protective astrocyte IFNAR signaling cannot be controlled by T cells. keywords: a59; alpha; analysis; antiviral; astrocytes; basal; beta; brain; cells; central; chemokines; class; cns; components; consistent; contrast; control; coronavirus; critical; cxcl10; cxcl9; data; day; days; dependent; dissemination; early; elevated; encephalomyelitis; essential; expression; facs; fig; fl mice; following; function; gene; groups; ifn-; ifnar fl; immune; immunity; impaired; increased; induced; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; isgs; levels; lower; macrophages; mda5; mgfapcre; mgfapcre ifnar; mhc; mhv; mice; microglia; mortality; mouse; mrna; murine; nervous; neuronal; neurons; neutrophils; overall; p.i; pathway; poly(i·c; positive; prominent; protective; protein; prrs; receptors; relative; replication; responses; responsiveness; results; reverse; role; signaling; similar; specific; spread; staining; studies; subsequent; sustained; system; transcripts; type; uncontrolled; upregulated; upregulation; viral; virus; vivo cache: cord-276587-ynionj5r.txt plain text: cord-276587-ynionj5r.txt item: #231 of 445 id: cord-277409-q5wx313k author: Resende, Lucilene Aparecida title: Impact of LbSapSal Vaccine in Canine Immunological and Parasitological Features before and after Leishmania chagasi-Challenge date: 2016-08-24 words: 7946 flesch: 39 summary: All the analyzed dogs were euthanized 885 days after L. chagasi-experimental challenge and the spleens were collected to evaluate parasite loads. The establishment of a prominent pro-inflammatory immune response after “LbSapSal” immunization supported the increased levels of nitric oxide production, favoring a reduction in spleen parasitism (78.9%) and indicating long-lasting protection against L. chagasi infection. keywords: analysis; antigen; axis; bars; braziliensis; canine; cell; chagasi; challenge; clinical; control; correlation; culture; cvl; cytokine; data; days; differences; different; dna; dogs; early; experimental; fig; fly; glands; gray; group; high; higher; ifn; il-10; il-4; immune; immunization; immunogenicity; increased; infantum; infected; infection; inflammatory; l. chagasi; late; lbsal; lbsapsal; leishmania; leishmaniasis; levels; load; longipalpis; lutzomyia; middle; negative; number; p<0.05; panel; parasite; parasitism; pbmcs; positive; post; profile; protection; reduction; response; results; right; salivary; sand; saponin; significant; slca; spleen; stimulation; stimuli; study; tgf; tnf; total; type; usa; vaccination; vaccine; visceral; vitro; vsa cache: cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt plain text: cord-277409-q5wx313k.txt item: #232 of 445 id: cord-277487-jgbjxgh1 author: Graham, Simon P. title: Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 date: 2020-06-20 words: 5084 flesch: 44 summary: For analysis of T cell responses in pigs, overlapping 16mer peptides offset by 4 residues based on the predicted amino acid sequence of the entire S protein from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_045512.2) were designed and synthesised (Mimotopes, Melbourne, Australia) and reconstituted in sterile 40% acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Three pools of synthetic peptides representing residues 1-331 (Pool 1), 332-748 (Pool 2) and 749-1273 (Pool 3) were prepared for use to stimulate T cells in IFN-γ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays. We show here that T cell responses are higher in pigs that received a prime-boost vaccination when compared to prime only at day 42, whilst comparing responses 14 days after last immunisation demonstrates the prime-boost regimen trended toward a higher response. keywords: aldrich; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; biolegend; blood; boost; cd4; cd8; cells; chadox1; clinical; clone; control; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; day; development; dilution; dose; dpv; elispot; figure; fisher; following; gibco; greater; groups; hours; human; ifn; immune; immunisation; immunogenicity; mab; media; mice; model; mouse; ncov-19; pbmc; peptide; pigs; plates; pool; prime; protein; rbd; responses; sars; scientific; sera; serum; sigma; significant; single; specific; study; thermo; titres; vaccination; vaccine; virus; weeks cache: cord-277487-jgbjxgh1.txt plain text: cord-277487-jgbjxgh1.txt item: #233 of 445 id: cord-278018-3qemb0x3 author: Li, Li title: Identification of M.tuberculosis-Specific Th1 Cells Expressing CD69 Generated in vivo in Pleural Fluid Cells from Patients with Tuberculous Pleurisy date: 2011-08-22 words: 5994 flesch: 50 summary: Previous studies have also demonstrated the usefulness of the determination of CD69 on CD4 + T cells after in vitro stimulation with tuberculin as a rapid indicator of immune sensitization against MTB We found a significant increase in CD69 expression on CD4 + T cells in PFCs. keywords: active; antigen; bet; cd14; cd25; cd4; cd69; cells; cfp-10; cytokine; cytometry; detection; diagnosis; effector; esat-6; expression; fig; flow; fluid; healthy; higher; ifn; il-2; immune; infection; levels; majority; marker; memory; mtb; mycobacterium; patients; pbmcs; peptides; percentages; pfcs; pleural; pleurisy; polyfunctional; presence; production; regulatory; responses; results; significant; specific; stimulation; studies; study; surface; t cells; tbp; th1; tnf; total; treg; tuberculosis; vivo cache: cord-278018-3qemb0x3.txt plain text: cord-278018-3qemb0x3.txt item: #234 of 445 id: cord-278050-wl83d6gs author: Morgenstern, Birgit title: Ribavirin and interferon-β synergistically inhibit SARS-associated coronavirus replication in animal and human cell lines date: 2005-01-28 words: 2405 flesch: 46 summary: Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Ribavirin in the treatment of SARS: a new trick for an old drug? Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus is inhibited by interferon alpha In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds HKU/UCH SARS Study Group, role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings Role of interferons in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome Treatment of SARS with human interferons Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Safety of interferon beta treatment for chronic HCV hepatitis Isolation of proximal and distal tubule cells from human kidney by immunomagnetic separation Quantitative analysis of dose effect relationship: the combined effects of multiple drugs or enzyme inhibitors Retroviral vectors pseudotypes with acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein Severe acute respiratory syndrome: scientific and anecdotal evidence for drug treatment NTU) College of Medicine/NTU Hospital, temporal relationship of viral load, ribavirin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and clinical progression in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Ribavirin (1-b-D D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), a synthetic guanosine analogue and broad-spectrum inhibitor of RNA and DNA viruses, was frequently used for treatment of SARS patients [2] . keywords: activity; acute; antiviral; caco2; cells; clinical; combination; concentrations; coronavirus; cov; effects; ffm1; human; ifn; ifns; infected; infection; kidney; lines; moi; patients; replication; respiratory; ribavirin; sars; strain; syndrome; treatment; type; vero; virus cache: cord-278050-wl83d6gs.txt plain text: cord-278050-wl83d6gs.txt item: #235 of 445 id: cord-278159-afce61g0 author: Perales-Linares, Renzo title: Toll-like receptor 3 in viral pathogenesis: friend or foe? date: 2013-09-12 words: 8647 flesch: 32 summary: TLR3 ligation activates an antiviral response in human fetal astrocytes: a role for viperin/cig5 Polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]/TLR3 signaling allows class I processing of exogenous protein and induction of HIV-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes A common polymorphism in TLR3 confers natural resistance to HIV-1 infection Expression of toll-like receptors by human muscle cells in vitro and in vivo: TLR3 is highly expressed in inflammatory and HIV myopathies, mediates IL-8 release and up-regulation of NKG2D-ligands Inflammatory events at blood-brain barrier in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders: implications for clinical disease Nile virus infection and immunity Toll-like receptor 3 mediates West Nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis Toll-like receptor 3 has a protective role against West Nile virus infection The toll-like receptor 3-mediated antiviral response is important for protection against poliovirus infection in poliovirus receptor transgenic mice TLR3 signaling is either protective or pathogenic for the development of Theiler's virus-induced demyelinating disease depending on the time of viral infection Herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system: encephalitis and meningitis, including Mollaret's TLR3 deficiency renders astrocytes permissive to herpes simplex virus infection and facilitates establishment of CNS infection in mice Cutting edge: priming of CD8 T cell immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 requires cognate TLR3 expression in vivo Does Toll-like receptor 3 play a biological role in virus infections? MDA5 and TLR3 initiate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways leading to rhinovirus-induced airways inflammation and hyperresponsiveness Detrimental contribution of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 to influenza A virus-induced acute pneumonia Respiratory syncytial virus induces TLR3 protein and protein kinase R, leading to increased double-stranded RNA responsiveness in airway epithelial cells Double-stranded RNA induces similar pulmonary dysfunction to respiratory syncytial virus in BALB/c mice TLR3 increases disease morbidity and mortality from vaccinia infection Toll-like receptor 3 is an essential component of the innate stress response in virus-induced cardiac injury RNA sensor-induced type I IFN prevents diabetes caused by a b cell-tropic virus in mice A critical link between Toll-like receptor 3 and type II interferon signaling pathways in antiviral innate immunity Th2 regulation of viral myocarditis in mice: different roles for TLR3 versus TRIF in progression to chronic disease Toll-like receptor 3 signaling on macrophages is required for survival following coxsackievirus B4 infection A TRIF-independent branch of TLR3 signaling TLR3 deletion limits mortality and disease severity due to Phlebovirus infection Immunoprivileged status of the liver is controlled by Toll-like receptor 3 signaling Toll-like receptor 3 promotes cross-priming to virus-infected cells Antiviral innate immunity disturbs podocyte cell function Protective role of Toll-like receptor 3-induced type TLR3 activation leads to (i) the development of an antiviral response mediated by IRF3 activation and further type I IFN production; (ii) cell death through a Fas-associated protein with death domain /caspase-8-dependent and mitochondrion-independent pathway (RIP1/ Fas-associated protein with death domain); and (iii) the generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by the activation of NF-jB and AP-1, and the mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPK) the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK), the p38 MAP kinases (p38), and the c-Jun Nterminal kinase (JNK), which differentially regulate many cellular functions including inflammation-mediated inflammatory processes. keywords: a20; activation; acute; adaptor; antiviral; ap-1; cd8; cells; certain; chronic; cns; complex; contrast; contribution; data; death; deficient; degradation; dependent; detrimental; disease; domain; dsrna; encephalitis; endogenous; essential; evidence; expression; factor; hepatitis; herpes; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; induced; inducing; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibits; innate; interferon; irf3; kinase; like; like receptor; liver; mechanisms; mice; model; mouse; myd88; negative; non; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathway; phosphorylation; production; protease; protective; protein; receptor; recognition; regulation; regulators; respiratory; response; results; rip1; role; signalling; simplex; specific; stimulation; studies; susceptibility; tir; tlr3; tlrs; tnf; toll; traf6; transcription; trif; trim38; type; tyrosine; ubiquitin; viral; viral infections; virus; viruses cache: cord-278159-afce61g0.txt plain text: cord-278159-afce61g0.txt item: #236 of 445 id: cord-278397-u33x4jaw author: Abe, Takayuki title: Negative Regulation of Cytosolic Sensing of DNA date: 2018-10-29 words: 7241 flesch: 21 summary: Indeed, inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) contributes to stabilize STING protein by recruiting the deubiquitinating enzyme EIF3S5 (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit 5) and While multiple ubiquitin ligases have been implicated in directly regulating STING protein, much less is known about their modulatory role on cGAS function. keywords: acid; activation; adaptor; addition; antiviral; autoimmune; axis; barber; binding; cells; cellular; cgamp; cgas; control; critical; cyclic; cytosolic; cytosolic dna; cytosolic sensing; damage; ddx41; deficient; degradation; dependent; development; direct; diseases; dna; dnase; domain; downstream; dsdna; et al; family; fertilization; fig; function; gene; glutamylation; gmp; hepatitis; host; human; ifi16; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; induction; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; innate; innate immune; interactions; interferon; intracellular; irf3; k63; kappab; ligands; ligase; like; mice; mitochondrial; molecular; multiple; mutations; negative; nlrp14; non; nucleic; pathway; phosphorylation; poly; production; protease; protein; recent; receptors; recognition; regulate; regulation; responses; rig; rna; role; self; sensing; sensor; signaling; sle; specific; sting; studies; syndrome; targeting; tbk1; tlr; transduction; trex1; type; ubiquitination; virus; viruses; wang cache: cord-278397-u33x4jaw.txt plain text: cord-278397-u33x4jaw.txt item: #237 of 445 id: cord-278523-djjtgbh6 author: Zhou, Bei-xian title: β-sitosterol ameliorates influenza A virus-induced proinflammatory response and acute lung injury in mice by disrupting the cross-talk between RIG-I and IFN/STAT signaling date: 2020-06-05 words: 11767 flesch: 45 summary: We confirmed the anti-apoptotic effect of βsitosterol by measuring the active caspase-3 and its substrate PARP, observing that these products were found in cells transfected with vRNA but not in those treated with β-sitosterol Fig. 4 (continued) β-Sitosterol ameliorates IAV-induced inflammation and ALI BX Zhou (Fig. 5b) . Moreover, β-sitosterol treatment attenuated RIG-I-mediated apoptotic injury of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) via downregulation of pro-apoptotic factors. keywords: a549; a549 cells; activation; activity; amplification; analysis; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; assay; balf; beta; cd8; cells; chemokines; column; control; cox-2; culture; cytokines; data; days; dependent; dose; effect; epithelial; expression; fig; gene; group; h1n1; h5n1; homogenates; human; iav; iav control; iav infection; ifn; ifns; iii; il-6; immune; increased; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; influenza; inhibition; inhibitory; inhibits; injury; interferon; isre; kinase; levels; luciferase; luminex; lung; mapk; mediators; mice; min; overexpression; p.i; p38; pathway; patients; pge2; phosphorylation; plants; plasmid; presence; production; proinflammatory; protein; recruitment; reduced; reporter; respiratory; response; results; rig; rna; role; signaling; sirnas; sitosterol; sitosterol treatment; specific; stat1; stimulation; studies; study; supernatants; time; tnf; trail; transfection; treatment; type; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; vrna cache: cord-278523-djjtgbh6.txt plain text: cord-278523-djjtgbh6.txt item: #238 of 445 id: cord-278569-yr06jwm1 author: Karnam, Guruswamy title: CD200 Receptor Controls Sex-Specific TLR7 Responses to Viral Infection date: 2012-05-17 words: 4935 flesch: 48 summary: and improves the outcome of mouse hepatitis corona virus (MHV) infection, particularly in female mice. These studies were exclusively performed in female mice. keywords: activation; activity; animal; anti; bal; bias; cd200; cells; clearance; clinical; control; data; day; deficiency; dependent; differences; disease; enhanced; experiments; expression; female; figure; fluid; gene; higher; humans; ifn; immune; increased; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibitory; intracellular; lack; lair-1; levels; ligand; load; luciferase; lung; males; mhv; mice; mouse; mrna; neutrophil; observed; pathology; pathway; pbs; production; protein; receptor; release; reporter; responses; rna; sex; signaling; system; tlr7; total; type; tyrosine; viral; virus cache: cord-278569-yr06jwm1.txt plain text: cord-278569-yr06jwm1.txt item: #239 of 445 id: cord-278577-bx86tq0y author: Mikola, Emilia title: Tonsillar cytokine expression between patients with tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis date: 2018-05-22 words: 3134 flesch: 39 summary: Tonsillar hypertrophy group was defined as patients who underwent tonsillectomy because of obstructive symptoms such as snoring, breathing difficulties or swallowing problems. After adjustment for age, the expressions of only IL-37 was independently associated with tonsillar hypertrophy group (P < 0.05, Fig. 2) . keywords: age; allergy; analysis; bocavirus-1; cell; clinical; cytokines; data; detection; differences; expression; gene; group; human; hypertrophy; ifn; il-10; il-29; il-37; immune; indication; infections; inflammatory; interferon; intratonsillar; nasopharyngeal; operation; organs; patients; pcr; recurrent; recurrent tonsillitis; respiratory; responses; samples; significant; study; symptoms; table; tonsillar; tonsillar hypertrophy; tonsillectomy; tonsillitis; tonsils; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-278577-bx86tq0y.txt plain text: cord-278577-bx86tq0y.txt item: #240 of 445 id: cord-278648-hkvurb2k author: Menachery, Vineet D. title: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 16 Is Necessary for Interferon Resistance and Viral Pathogenesis date: 2017-11-15 words: 5209 flesch: 39 summary: A combination of structural and biochemical approaches has established a critical role for CoV NSP16 in 2=O-MTase activity (Fig. 1A) . However, absence of NSP16 activity severely attenuated dNSP16 mutant virus replication at both days 2 and 4 postinfection (Fig. 3C ). keywords: absence; activity; acute; animal; attenuation; backbone; cells; challenge; conserved; context; contrast; control; coronavirus; cov; covs; data; disease; dnsp16; dnsp16 mutant; east; emergent; fig; function; future; group; hae; host; human; ifit1; ifn; immune; infected; infection; kdke; lethal; live; loss; mers; methyltransferase; mice; middle; motif; mouse; mtase; mutant; mutant mers; pathogenesis; platform; previous; protection; protein; relative; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; robust; sars; severe; significant; similar; studies; study; syndrome; targeting; therapeutic; time; type; universal; vaccine; vero; viral; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-278648-hkvurb2k.txt plain text: cord-278648-hkvurb2k.txt item: #241 of 445 id: cord-279725-d82sj80v author: Ströher, Ute title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Is Inhibited by Interferon-α date: 2004-04-01 words: 2238 flesch: 46 summary: The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus Inhibitory effects of ribavirin alone or combined with human alpha interferon on feline infectious peritonitis virus replication in vitro Prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug Effect of ribavirin on bunyavirus reproduction in cell culture and in an experiment on white mice Inhibitory effect of selected antiviral compounds on arenavirus replication in vitro The biological relationship of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) strains and interferon: in vitro induction and sensitivities Comparative susceptibility of respiratory viruses to recombinant interferons-alpha 2b and -beta Inhibitory effects of recombinant feline interferon on the replication of feline enteropathogenic viruses in vitro Antiviral action of interferon-alpha against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus Mass spectrometric characterization of proteins from the SARS virus: a preliminary report Clinical pharmacokinetics of interferons Plasma exchange and interferon-alpha pharmacokinetics in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated systemic vasculitis Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of exogenous human beta interferon gene in simian cells defective in interferon synthesis Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus In contrast, IFN-α showed an in vitro inhibitory effect starting at concentrations of 1000 IU/mL. In conclusion, ribavirin alone is unlikely to be beneficial in the prophylaxis or treatment of SARS CoV infections. keywords: a-2b; acute; analysis; antiviral; cells; concentrations; cov; effect; human; ifn; infection; interferon; isolates; patients; protein; replication; respiratory; ribavirin; sars; serum; studies; susceptibility; syndrome; treatment; use; vero; viral; virus; vitro cache: cord-279725-d82sj80v.txt plain text: cord-279725-d82sj80v.txt item: #242 of 445 id: cord-279733-c0w9bw5u author: Lui, Pak-Yin title: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein suppresses type I interferon expression through the inhibition of TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 date: 2016-04-20 words: 5260 flesch: 37 summary: IRF3 phosphorylation was also suppressed with the expression of MERS M protein in a similar experimental setup ( Figure 4D ; lane 3 compared with lane 2). M proteins from MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV have three highly similar conserved N-terminal transmembrane domains and a C-terminal region. keywords: activation; activity; adapter; antagonism; antiviral; bar; bars; cells; chimera; complex; coronavirus; cov; cov m; domain; east; effect; expression; factor; figure; golgi; host; human; ifn; ikk; immune; infection; inhibitory; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; lane; luciferase; m protein; mavs; mechanism; mers; middle; mutant; novel; phosphorylation; production; promoter; protein; reporter; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; rig; rlr; rna; sars; severe; signaling; similar; specific; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; tbk1; terminal; traf3; transmembrane; type; usa cache: cord-279733-c0w9bw5u.txt plain text: cord-279733-c0w9bw5u.txt item: #243 of 445 id: cord-279781-5ldpz9m9 author: Chen, Chi-Yuan title: Baculovirus as a gene delivery vector: Recent understandings of molecular alterations in transduced cells and latest applications date: 2011-04-28 words: 13147 flesch: 19 summary: Baculovirus neither replicates inside the transduced cells nor integrates its DNA into host chromosomes in the absence of selective pressure (Chen et al., 2011a; Merrihew et al., 2001) , hence easing the safety concerns. al., , 2011 Lucifora et al., 2008; McCormick et al., 2002; Nakowitsch et al., 2006; Zheng et al., 2010) , virus-like particle production (Chen et al., 2005; Matsuo et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2005) , eucaryotic protein display (Ernst et al., 2006, Grabherr and Ernst, 2010) , vaccine development Madhan et al., 2010; keywords: abe; abe et; adjuvant; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antitumor; antiviral; applications; ascs; autographa; avian; bacha; baculovirus; baculovirus transduction; baculovirus vector; bmp-2; bmscs; bone; californica; cancer; capsid; cartilage; cells; cells baculovirus; cellular; challenge; chen; chen et; chicken; chondrocytes; cmv; complement; ctd; cytoplasmic; data; dcs; defects; delivery; dependent; development; differentiation; display; dna; domain; dual; e.g.; efficient; embryonic; engineering; enhanced; entry; envelope; et al; expression; factor; formation; fusion; gene; gene delivery; gene expression; genome; glioblastoma; glioma; glycoprotein; gp64; group; growth; h5n1; healing; hemagglutinin; heterologous; high; higher; host; hsvtk; human; humoral; hybrid; i.m; i.n; ie1; ie2; ifn; immune; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; improved; induction; influenza; inhibition; injection; innate; insect; lee; lee et; lethal; levels; like; liu; liu et; major; mammalian; mammalian cells; membrane; mesenchymal; mice; mirna; model; mouse; multiple; novel; nuclear; nucleopolyhedrovirus; nzw; pathway; peptide; plasmodium; porcine; potential; prabakaran; prabakaran et; production; prolonged; promoter; properties; protein; pseudotype; purification; rabbit; rat; recent; recognition; recombinant; recombinant baculovirus; replication; responses; segmental; shrna; signaling; specific; stem; stem cells; strong; surface; survival; suzuki; suzuki et; syndrome; system; tani; target; targeting; terminal; therapy; tissue; titers; transduced; transduction; transfer; transgene; triggers; tumor; type; vaccine; vector; vegf; viral; viruses; vivo; vsvg; wang; wild; wssv; xenograft cache: cord-279781-5ldpz9m9.txt plain text: cord-279781-5ldpz9m9.txt item: #244 of 445 id: cord-279924-09uwhxs9 author: Plaisted, Warren C. title: T cell mediated suppression of neurotropic coronavirus replication in neural precursor cells date: 2014-01-01 words: 5588 flesch: 34 summary: Together, these findings suggest that T cells play a critical role in controlling replication of a neurotropic virus in NPCs, a finding which has important implications when considering immune modulation for NPC-based therapies for treatment of human neurologic diseases. Collectively, our findings argue that T cells are important for controlling viral replication within NPCs through both cytolytic activity and IFN-γ secretion. keywords: anti; antibody; c57bl/6; cd4; cd4þ; cd8; ceacam1a; cells; class; clinical; cns; control; coronavirus; ctls; cultures; death; determined; disease; effects; et al; expression; fig; findings; following; gamma; hepatitis; human; ifn; immune; induced; infected; infection; interferon; jhmv; ldh; levels; lysis; manufacturer; media; mhc; mice; model; mouse; multiple; murine; neural; neurotropic; non; npcs; p.i; pcr; peptide; pfu; post; progenitor; pulsed; rat; receptor; replication; results; role; s510; specific; stem; supernatants; suppression; system; target; technologies; time; titers; transplantation; treatment; viral; virus; weinger cache: cord-279924-09uwhxs9.txt plain text: cord-279924-09uwhxs9.txt item: #245 of 445 id: cord-280005-i9fp5rys author: Wang, Mengmei title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -- a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial date: 2020-09-21 words: 3192 flesch: 42 summary: key: cord-280005-i9fp5rys authors: Wang, Mengmei; Zhao, Yang; Hu, Weihua; Zhao, Dong; Zhang, Yunting; Wang, Tao; Zheng, Zhishui; Li, Xiaochen; Zeng, Shaolin; Liu, Zhenlian; Lu, Li; Wan, Zhihui; Hu, Ke title: Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Prolonged Post-Symptomatic Viral Shedding with Leflunomide -- a Single-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial date: 2020-09-21 journal: Clin Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1417 sha: doc_id: 280005 cord_uid: i9fp5rys OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide, an approved dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, to treat COVID-19 patients with prolonged post-symptomatic viral shedding. In COVID-19 patients with prolonged PCR positivity, no benefit in terms of the duration of viral shedding was observed with the combined treatment of leflunomide and IFN α-2a beyond IFN α-2a alone. keywords: acid; adverse; antiviral; china; chloroquine; clinical; combination; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; duration; enrollment; group; hospital; ifn; interferon; label; leflunomide; length; medication; negative; nucleic; patients; pcr; positive; post; prolonged; randomized; results; rna; safety; sars; severe; shedding; study; symptomatic; test; time; treatment; trial; viral; virus; wuhan; -2a cache: cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt plain text: cord-280005-i9fp5rys.txt item: #246 of 445 id: cord-280130-ewqe9edq author: Weber, Friedemann title: Viral suppression of the interferon system date: 2007-01-27 words: 4311 flesch: 21 summary: The leader protein of Theiler's virus inhibits immediate-early alpha/beta interferon production Influenza A virus NS1 protein targets poly(A)-binding protein II of the cellular 3 0 -end processing machinery Influenza virus NS1 protein inhibits pre-mRNA splicing and blocks mRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport The 3 0 -end-processing factor CPSF is required for the splicing of single-intron pre-mRNAs in vivo Human influenza viruses activate an interferon-independent transcription of cellular antiviral genes: outcome with influenza A virus is unique Cellular antiviral responses against influenza A virus are countered at the posttranscriptional level by the viral NS1A protein via its binding to a cellular protein required for the 3 0 end processing of cellular pre-mRNAS Variation in the ability of human influenza A viruses to induce and inhibit the IFN-beta pathway Stats: transcriptional control and biological impact Degradation of STAT1 and STAT2 by the V proteins of simian virus 5 and human parainfluenza virus type 2, respectively: consequences for virus replication in the presence of alpha/beta and gamma interferons The V protein of simian virus 5 inhibits interferon signalling by targeting STAT1 for proteasome-mediated degradation All four Sendai Virus C proteins bind Stat1, but only the larger forms also induce its mono-ubiquitination and degradation The V protein of human parainfluenza virus 2 antagonizes type I interferon responses by destabilizing signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 STAT3 ubiquitylation and degradation by mumps virus suppress cytokine and oncogene signaling The STAT2 activation process is a crucial target of Sendai virus C protein for the blockade of alpha interferon signaling Rinderpest virus blocks type I and type II interferon action: role of structural and nonstructural proteins STAT protein interference and suppression of cytokine signal transduction by measles virus V protein Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based assay demonstrates interferon-antagonist activity for the NDV V protein and the Nipah virus V, W, and C proteins Nipah virus V protein evades alpha and gamma interferons by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 activation and nuclear accumulation Hendra virus V protein inhibits interferon signaling by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 nuclear accumulation Nipah virus V and W proteins have a common STAT1-binding domain yet inhibit STAT1 activation from the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, respectively Nuclear localization of the Nipah virus W protein allows for inhibition of both virus-and toll-like receptor 3-triggered signaling pathways Sendai virus C protein physically associates with Stat1 Measles virus suppresses interferon-alpha signaling pathway: suppression of Jak1 phosphorylation and association of viral accessory proteins, C and V, with interferon-alpha receptor complex Inhibition of interferon signaling by rabies virus phosphoprotein P: activation-dependent binding of STAT1 and STAT2 Ebola virus VP24 binds karyopherin alpha1 and blocks STAT1 nuclear accumulation Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins interferes with the antiviral action of interferon independently of PKR-mediated control of protein synthesis Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins inhibits signal transduction through the Jak-STAT pathway Herpes simplex virus 1 gene products occlude the interferon signaling pathway at multiple sites Induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 by herpes simplex virus type 1 contributes to inhibition of the interferon signaling pathway A cytomegalovirus inhibitor of gamma interferon signaling controls immunoproteasome induction A cytomegaloviral protein reveals a dual role for STAT2 in IFN-{gamma} signaling and antiviral responses Vaccinia, cowpox, and camelpox viruses encode soluble gamma interferon receptors with novel broad species specificity The vaccinia virus soluble alpha/ beta interferon (IFN) receptor binds to the cell surface and protects cells from the antiviral effects of IFN Vaccinia virus-encoded cytokine receptor binds and neutralizes chicken interferon-gamma Vaccinia virus encodes a soluble type -Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5 0 phosphates Inhibition of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-mediated induction of interferon-{beta} by the NS1 protein of influenza A virus The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN-beta promoter mda-5, but not RIG-I, is a common target for paramyxovirus V proteins Dissociation of a MAVS/ IPS-1/VISA/Cardif-IKKepsilon molecular complex from the mitochondrial outer membrane by hepatitis C virus NS3-4A proteolytic cleavage Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Identification of the rabies virus alpha/beta interferon antagonist: phosphoprotein P interferes with phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 The pathogenic NY-1 hantavirus G1 cytoplasmic tail inhibits RIG-I-and TBK-1-directed interferon responses Role of double-stranded RNA and Npro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells The NPro product of bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits DNA binding by interferon regulatory factor 3 and targets it for proteasomal degradation Loss of interferon regulatory factor 3 in cells infected with classical swine fever virus involves the N-terminal protease, Npro N(pro) of classical swine fever virus is an antagonist of double-stranded RNA-mediated apoptosis and IFN-alpha/beta induction Human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein binds to interferon regulatory factor-3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity Functional analysis of human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 and its association with cellular interferon regulatory factors and p300 Unique properties of a second human herpesvirus 8-encoded interferon regulatory factor (vIRF-2) Inhibition of interferon signaling by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus full-length viral interferon regulatory factor 2 protein Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor Characterization of a novel human herpesvirus 8-encoded protein, vIRF-3, that shows homology to viral and cellular interferon regulatory factors Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded vIRF-3 stimulates the transcriptional activity of cellular IRF-3 and IRF-7 Human herpesvirus 8 encodes an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) homolog that represses IRF-1-mediated transcription NSs protein of Rift Valley Fever Virus blocks interferon production by inhibiting host gene transcription TFIIH transcription factor, a target for the Rift Valley hemorrhagic fever virus Inhibition of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation by a viral interferon antagonist Genetic evidence for an interferon-antagonistic function of rift valley fever virus nonstructural protein NSs Bunyamwera bunyavirus nonstructural protein NSs counteracts the induction of alpha/beta interferon Inhibition of host RNA polymerase IIdependent transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus results from inactivation of TFIID Inhibition of Ran guanosine triphosphatase-dependent nuclear transport by the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus Vesicular stomatitis virus infection alters the eIF4F translation initiation complex and causes dephosphorylation of the eIF4E binding protein 4E-BP1 The vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein inhibits transcription from the human beta interferon promoter VSV strains with defects in their ability to shutdown innate immunity are potent systemic anti-cancer agents The leader protein of Theiler's virus interferes with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of cellular proteins The leader proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibits the induction of beta interferon mRNA and blocks the host innate immune response Cytopathogenesis and inhibition of host gene expression by RNA viruses, Microbiol Classical swine fever virus interferes with cellular antiviral defense: evidence for a novel function of N(pro) keywords: activation; activity; alpha; antagonist; antiviral; attenuated; beta; binding; block; cases; cells; cellular; classical; control; degradation; dsrna; ebola; factor; fever; function; gene; hepatitis; herpes; herpesvirus; host; human; ifn; important; induction; infected; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; interferon; kinase; mda-5; negative; ns1; nuclear; pathway; pkr; protein; rabies; receptor; regulatory; replication; response; rig; rna; rnase; signaling; simplex; specific; stat1; stomatitis; swine; synthesis; system; transcription; translation; tumor; type; vaccinia; vesicular; viral; virus; viruses; vp35 cache: cord-280130-ewqe9edq.txt plain text: cord-280130-ewqe9edq.txt item: #247 of 445 id: cord-280960-88hzovg2 author: Galani, I. E. title: Untuned antiviral immunity in COVID-19 revealed by temporal type I/III interferon patterns and flu comparison date: 2020-08-24 words: 4633 flesch: 45 summary: Strikingly, COVID-19 patients became critically ill over a much 119 broader time window (up to nine days after admission) than flu patients which manifested critical 120 disease within the first day post admission. Some of the 131 critically ill patients also make IFN-α ( Fig. 2d and S5 ), albeit at significantly lower levels to mild non-132 hospitalized flu patients (Fig. 2d ) or the total of hospitalized flu patients (both critically and non-133 critically ill; p<0.05). keywords: acute; admission; antiviral; august; author; clinical; copyright; coronavirus; covid-19; critically; cytokine; data; days; disease; fig; flu; funder; healthy; higher; holder; hospitalization; hospitalized; ifn; ifns; iii; il-6; ill; immune; infection; inflammatory; levels; license; lower; medrxiv; non; patients; patterns; peer; perpetuity; pneumonia; preprint; production; respiratory; response; review; sars; severe; severity; study; table; time; tnf; type; version; viral; virus cache: cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt plain text: cord-280960-88hzovg2.txt item: #248 of 445 id: cord-282242-5tkhjiwl author: Gómez-Laguna, J. title: Cytokine Expression by Macrophages in the Lung of Pigs Infected with the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus date: 2009-08-19 words: 3817 flesch: 43 summary: key: cord-282242-5tkhjiwl authors: Gómez-Laguna, J.; Salguero, F.J.; Barranco, I.; Pallarés, F.J.; Rodríguez-Gómez, I.M.; Bernabé, A.; Carrasco, L. title: Cytokine Expression by Macrophages in the Lung of Pigs Infected with the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus date: 2009-08-19 journal: J Comp Pathol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.004 sha: doc_id: 282242 cord_uid: 5tkhjiwl Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by a virus that predominantly replicates in alveolar macrophages. All of these cytokines were expressed mainly by septal macrophages with weaker expression by alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. keywords: activation; alveolar; animals; antigen; biron; cells; correlation; cytokines; dpi; expression; fig; ifn; il-10; il-12p40; il-6; immune; infected; infection; inoculated; interstitial; lesions; lung; lymphocytes; macrophages; number; observed; pigs; pneumonia; porcine; present; proinflammatory; prrsv; pulmonary; replication; reproductive; respiratory; response; septal; significant; study; syndrome; table; tnf; viral; virus cache: cord-282242-5tkhjiwl.txt plain text: cord-282242-5tkhjiwl.txt item: #249 of 445 id: cord-282246-wyanwvxa author: Sen, Adrish title: Chapter 40 The Role of Innate Immunity in Regulating Rotavirus Replication, Pathogenesis, and Host Range Restriction and the Implications for Live Rotaviral Vaccine Development date: 2020-12-31 words: 7586 flesch: 29 summary: Natural RV infection efficiently protects against severe reinfection, and for this reason, a variety of experimental and licensed live attenuated RV vaccines have been developed or proposed. The other strategy that has proven highly successful for the reproducible attenuation of the RVs used in live attenuated RV vaccines has been to take advantage of the HRR (see above) of heterologous (nonhuman origin) RVs as vaccine candidates for humans [82] . keywords: ability; activation; addition; amplification; antiviral; attenuation; binding; bovine; bystander; cells; culture; degradation; dendritic; dependent; development; different; diseases; domain; effective; enteric; epithelial; evidence; expression; factors; fig; function; genes; heterologous; homologous; host; hrr; human; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; important; inactivated; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammasome; inhibition; innate; interferon; intestinal; irf3; irf7; key; like; likely; live; manner; mavs; mice; mouse; mucosal; multiple; murine; natural; nsp1; pathogenicity; pathway; phosphorylation; process; proteasomal; protective; protein; range; receptors; recognition; replication; response; responsible; restriction; results; rig; rna; role; rotavirus; rv infection; rv replication; rvs; safe; secretion; signaling; simian; species; specific; stat1; strains; successful; target; tlr3; transcription; trcp; types; vaccines; viral; viruses; vp3; vp4 cache: cord-282246-wyanwvxa.txt plain text: cord-282246-wyanwvxa.txt item: #250 of 445 id: cord-282395-uwxk1o6d author: Mayer, Karin title: Fatal outcome of human coronavirus NL63 infection despite successful viral elimination by IFN‐alpha in a patient with newly diagnosed ALL date: 2016-03-04 words: 1379 flesch: 32 summary: We here report a case of HCoV NL63 infection in a leukemia patient with fatal ARDS despite successful virus elimination by pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG-IFN-a). There is very limited literature for the treatment of HCoV NL63 infection as this viral infection in otherwise healthy individuals is usually cleared by the functional immune response. keywords: ards; bal; blood; case; clinical; coronavirus; elimination; failure; fatal; hcov; human; ifn; infection; lung; mers; nl63; patient; pegylated; report; respiratory; sars; severe; successful; therapy; tract; treatment; viral cache: cord-282395-uwxk1o6d.txt plain text: cord-282395-uwxk1o6d.txt item: #251 of 445 id: cord-282947-3hgku2e4 author: Wong, Hui Hui title: Accessory proteins 8b and 8ab of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus suppress the interferon signaling pathway by mediating ubiquitin-dependent rapid degradation of interferon regulatory factor 3 date: 2017-12-30 words: 8733 flesch: 38 summary: Infection of cells with rIBV-8bm did not result in similar reductions in IRF3 protein levels, despite a similar replication efficiency of the two recombinant viruses (Fig. 6a) . Expression of protein 8b or 8ab could not be detected in cells infected with rIBV8a/b using Western blot analysis (data not shown), further supporting our previous observation that 8b is not expressed from this construct (Le et al., 2007) . keywords: 8ab; absence; accessory; actin; activation; activity; acute; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; band; binding; blot; cells; cellular; control; coronavirus; cov; data; degradation; dependent; dimerization; domain; effect; et al; experiments; expression; factor; fig; flag; forward; gene; host; human; ibv; ifn; immunoprecipitation; induction; infected; infection; innate; intensity; interaction; interferon; irf3; levels; lysates; myc; nsp1; nuclear; observed; orf8; page; pathway; phosphorylation; poly; post; presence; production; promoter; proteasome; protein; recombinant; region; regulation; regulatory; relative; replication; residues; respiratory; response; reverse; ribv8b; rna; sars; sds; severe; signaling; study; syndrome; total; transfection; treatment; type; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; vector; viral; virus; viruses; western; wild cache: cord-282947-3hgku2e4.txt plain text: cord-282947-3hgku2e4.txt item: #252 of 445 id: cord-283096-qm7h4qui author: Jeon, Young Joo title: ISG15 and immune diseases date: 2010-02-12 words: 11213 flesch: 38 summary: Like ubiquitin, ISG15 proteins in some species are synthesized as precursors that need to be processed before conjugation to target proteins (Fig. 2) While ISG15 molecules in human, mouse, and rat are translated as precursors containing the extensions of5-8 amino acids in their C-termini, ISG15 proteins in most other species, including fish and bovine, are synthesized as matured forms [46] . keywords: acid; activation; activity; acute; addition; alpha; antiviral; apoptosis; beta; binding; biological; budding; cancer; cells; cellular; conjugates; conjugation; control; critical; deficient; degradation; dependent; development; domain; effect; efp; enzyme; expression; filamin; findings; function; gene; hepatitis; herc5; host; human; ifn; ifnar; ifns; ifnβ; immune; increase; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; isg15; isg15 conjugates; isgs; isgylation; jnk; kda; key; lcmv; leads; leukemia; level; ligase; like; lps; lung; mice; modification; molecules; mrna; nedd4; negative; novel; overexpression; p53; pathway; pml; processing; promyelocytic; protease; protein; receptor; regulation; regulatory; release; replication; response; retinoic; rig; rna; role; sequence; signaling; snv; specific; stat1; structure; suppressor; survival; target; terminal; treatment; tumor; type; ubc13; ubch8; ube1l; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; ubp43; virus; viruses; vp40; wild; −/− cache: cord-283096-qm7h4qui.txt plain text: cord-283096-qm7h4qui.txt item: #253 of 445 id: cord-283505-ousbar6c author: Horman, William S. J. title: The Dynamics of the Ferret Immune Response During H7N9 Influenza Virus Infection date: 2020-09-24 words: 5908 flesch: 36 summary: As a result, ferret cellular immunology is still a developing field of research in the context of influenza viruses, with only a handful of studies investigating changes in leukocyte populations following influenza virus infection (17) (18) (19) . In this study, we aimed to examine the ferret immune response to H7N9 influenza virus infection by analyzing leukocyte population variation associated with disease pathogenesis. keywords: analysis; animals; antigen; apcs; avian; blood; body; cd11b; cd8; cells; cellular; clinical; controls; cytokine; data; day; days; different; disease; early; endpoint; ferrets; figure; fold; greater; h5n1; h7n9; higher; hosts; human; ifn; il-6; immune; increase; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; key; lesions; levels; live; lung; lymph; mhc; model; mouse; nasal; numbers; outcomes; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathogenicity; pathology; post; pro; progression; response; severe; severity; significant; signs; spleen; strains; studies; study; subsets; time; tissues; usa; viral; virus; viruses; weight; work cache: cord-283505-ousbar6c.txt plain text: cord-283505-ousbar6c.txt item: #254 of 445 id: cord-285148-bch7814v author: Singanayagam, Aran title: Viruses exacerbating chronic pulmonary disease: the role of immune modulation date: 2012-03-15 words: 7925 flesch: 28 summary: Emerg Infect Dis Impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis Prevalence and impact of respiratory viral infections in young children with cystic fibrosis: prospective cohort study Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis: Innate inflammatory responses of pediatric cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells: effects of nonviral and viral stimulation Interleukin-8 production by cystic fibrosis nasal epithelial cells after tumor necrosis factor-alpha and respiratory syncytial virus stimulation Lack of an exaggerated inflammatory response upon virus infection in cystic fibrosis Impaired type I and type III interferon induction and rhinovirus control in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells Hypersusceptibility to respiratory viruses as a shared mechanism for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus Many of the inflammatory mediators produced are chemoattractants and, therefore, following virus infection inflammatory cells are recruited to the lungs. keywords: acute; airflow; airway; allergic; alpha; antiviral; asthma; asthma exacerbations; asthmatics; bacterial; bronchial; cause; cells; children; chronic; clinical; common; control; copd; cystic; cytokine; deficient; detection; development; differences; different; disease; effect; epithelial; evidence; exacerbations; experimental; exposure; factor; fibrosis; function; gene; group; host; human; ifn; illness; immune; impaired; increased; induced; induction; infants; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; interferon; key; levels; life; likely; lower; lung; macrophages; major; mechanisms; obstructive; patients; pcr; production; pulmonary; recent; research; respiratory; responses; rhinovirus; risk; role; rsv; rvs; severe; severity; significant; similar; sputum; stable; studies; study; subjects; susceptibility; symptoms; syncytial; type; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; wheezing cache: cord-285148-bch7814v.txt plain text: cord-285148-bch7814v.txt item: #255 of 445 id: cord-285744-jpw8hen9 author: Byeon, Jung Hye title: Comparison of cytokine responses in nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with viral lower respiratory tract infections date: 2009-01-13 words: 3319 flesch: 40 summary: In addition, an in vitro model of respiratory virus infection showed different responses of the cells with infected viruses (7) . However, this factor is unlikely to affect our results because a previous study (11) has demonstrated that cytokines in NPAs are comparable to those in the lower respiratory tract of infants with respiratory virus infections. keywords: acute; adenovirus; age; bronchiolitis; cases; causative; children; culture; cytokine; different; group; ifn; il-4; il-5; infants; infection; influenza; interferon; level; local; lower; lrti; mean; npas; parainfluenza; patients; predominant; respiratory; responses; results; rsv; serum; study; syncytial; th2; tract; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-285744-jpw8hen9.txt plain text: cord-285744-jpw8hen9.txt item: #256 of 445 id: cord-285757-fiqx4tll author: Mäkelä, M. J. title: Lack of Induction by Rhinoviruses of Systemic Type I Interferon Production or Enhanced MxA Protein Expression During the Common Cold date: 1999 words: 1826 flesch: 46 summary: 285757 cord_uid: fiqx4tll To study whether MxA protein expression is systemically upregulated during rhinovirus infection, blood specimens were collected from 40 patients with common cold and MxA expression in mononuclear cells analyzed by flow cytometry. Although we did not find IFN or clearly induced MxA protein expression in the peripheral blood of any subject with rhinovirus infection, we cannot rule out the possibly significant role of IFN in local epithelial response against the virus. keywords: assay; blood; cells; children; cold; common; expression; ifn; infection; influenza; interferon; levels; lymphocytes; median; mxa; patients; positive; protein; respiratory; rhinovirus; samples; serum; study; systemic; type; values; viral cache: cord-285757-fiqx4tll.txt plain text: cord-285757-fiqx4tll.txt item: #257 of 445 id: cord-286072-kgpvdb42 author: Sa Ribero, Margarida title: Interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I interferon response date: 2020-07-29 words: 7034 flesch: 36 summary: A virus-cell protein interaction map performed with 26 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293T identified several innate immune signaling proteins as partners of viral proteins cells (Fig 1) Science. 2020: eabc3545 Regulation of TLR7/9 responses in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by BST2 and ILT7 receptor interaction Epstein-Barr virusencoded EBNA1 modulates the AP-1 transcription factor pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and enhances angiogenesis in vitro Natural amines inhibit activation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells through CXCR4 engagement Mozobil(R) (Plerixafor, AMD3100), 10 years after its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration TRIM8 is required for virusinduced IFN response in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells Development of Pin1 inhibitors and their potential as therapeutic agents Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections A critical role for the sphingosine analog AAL-R in dampening the cytokine response during influenza virus infection Endothelial cells are central orchestrators of cytokine amplification during influenza virus infection Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals We thank Nathalie J. Arhel for helpful discussion. keywords: ace2; activation; activities; activity; acute; alpha; animal; antiviral; associated; beta; cells; cellular; clinical; combination; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; dendritic; different; disease; early; east; effects; efficient; entry; epithelial; exacerbated; example; expression; factor; fig; gene; host; human; ifn; ifns; ifnβ; iii; immune; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibitory; innate; interferon; irf7; isgs; kinase; levels; like; lopinavir; lung; mechanisms; mers; mice; middle; models; negative; number; pathway; patients; pdcs; pkr; plasmacytoid; potential; primary; production; protein; receptor; regulation; replication; respiratory; response; ribavirin; ritonavir; rna; sars; severe; signaling; single; site; stages; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; table; therapeutic; tissue; translation; treatment; trials; type; viral; viruses cache: cord-286072-kgpvdb42.txt plain text: cord-286072-kgpvdb42.txt item: #258 of 445 id: cord-286328-ap0wfjhq author: Lewis, Toby C. title: Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children date: 2012-11-26 words: 4780 flesch: 41 summary: Our finding that IRF7 mRNA is elevated after respiratory viral infection in children with asthma is validated by a recent study analysing patterns of gene expression in nasal lavage samples from children experiencing picornavirus-induced asthma exacerbations Our ability to detect statistically significant changes in specific mRNAs and proteins using the current study design suggests that this is a viable approach for use in future investigations, for example, studies examining whether an early adjustment of asthma medications could abort or temper the impact of respiratory viral infections. keywords: airway; aspirates; assay; association; asthma; asthmatic; ccl11; ccl2; ccl5; ccl7; cells; children; colds; cxcl8; cytokines; data; days; detection; epithelial; exacerbations; experimental; expression; feno; gene; home; human; ifn; ifns; illness; illnesses; immune; induced; infection; inflammatory; influenza; irf7; levels; lower; measured; mrna; multiplex; nasal; natural; negative; number; patients; pcr; positive; production; protein; respiratory; response; rhinovirus; samples; score; sick; significant; specimens; sputum; studies; study; subjects; symptoms; table; tract; upper; usa; viral; viral infection; viruses; weeks cache: cord-286328-ap0wfjhq.txt plain text: cord-286328-ap0wfjhq.txt item: #259 of 445 id: cord-286824-3e534pws author: Pitkäranta, Anne title: Lowered yields of virus-induced interferon production in leukocyte cultures and risk of recurrent respiratory infections in children date: 1999-12-31 words: 2882 flesch: 44 summary: Despite intensive study of risk factors of recurrent respiratory infections, relatively little is known about the factors that could, with some certainty, predict the proneness to respiratory infections. key: cord-286824-3e534pws authors: Pitkäranta, Anne; Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna; Jäntti, Virva; Takala, Aino; Kilpi, Terhi; Hovi, Tapani title: Lowered yields of virus-induced interferon production in leukocyte cultures and risk of recurrent respiratory infections in children date: 1999-12-31 journal: Journal of Clinical Virology DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(99)00056-6 sha: doc_id: 286824 cord_uid: 3e534pws Abstract Objective: To study the correlation between the yield of virus-induced interferon (IFN) production in leukocyte cultures and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections. keywords: acute; age; and/or; aom; capacity; cells; children; clinical; cohort; cultures; difference; et al; follow; frri; genetic; ifn; illnesses; infections; influenza; interferon; leukocytes; media; months; otitis; pitkäranta; production; recurrent; respiratory; responsiveness; rhinovirus; sample; study; table; uri; uris; virus; viruses; yields cache: cord-286824-3e534pws.txt plain text: cord-286824-3e534pws.txt item: #260 of 445 id: cord-287018-g4y5kjju author: Konstantinova, P title: Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by RNA interference using long-hairpin RNA date: 2006-05-18 words: 7236 flesch: 49 summary: A Tat-inducible Pol II promoter expressing anti-HIV shRNA has been described for inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression in mammalian cells. Double-stranded RNA nef2 is a duplex of two separate, complementary sense and antisense nef sequences (8416-8695). keywords: amounts; antiviral; cells; complementary; constructs; control; cytoplasm; diced; dna; double; dsrna; embryonic; encoding; escape; expression; figure; gene; genome; hairpin; hek; hiv-1; human; ifn; immunodeficiency; induced; induction; inhibited; inhibition; inhibitory; interference; kidney; konstantinova; level; lhrna; long; luciferase; mammalian; mrna; nef; nef1; nef2; non; p7teto; pef1a; ph1sh; plai; plasmid; pltrc; pol; polymerase; positive; potent; prl; production; promoter; pt7; pt7sh; renilla; replication; response; results; rev; rna; rnai; rnas; sequence; silencing; sirnas; small; specific; system; target; tat; therapy; transcribed; transfection; type; usa; use; vector; viral; virus cache: cord-287018-g4y5kjju.txt plain text: cord-287018-g4y5kjju.txt item: #261 of 445 id: cord-287874-wl0wlxh6 author: Wang, Ling title: Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients date: 2020-05-03 words: 5535 flesch: 42 summary: After large-scale interpersonal infection, asymptomatic patients appear. Whether asymptomatic patients are contagious or not and whether they need medication are the arguments among clinical experts. keywords: acid; adverse; antiviral; arbidol; asymptomatic; asymptomatic patients; blood; cases; cell; china; chinese; clinical; concentration; confirmed; contact; coronavirus; count; covid-19; data; day; discomfort; diseases; dose; drug; effect; february; good; health; higher; hospital; human; ifn; infection; influenza; inhalation; interferon; january; lianhuaqingwen; liver; lopinavir; male; medication; medicine; mers; negative; normal; nucleic; paper; patients; pneumonia; positive; preparation; present; quadruple; rate; reactions; renal; respiratory; results; ritonavir; sars; severe; studies; swab; symptoms; syndrome; system; tablets; test; therapy; throat; treatment; virus; α2b cache: cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt plain text: cord-287874-wl0wlxh6.txt item: #262 of 445 id: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts author: Kabeerdoss, Jayakanthan title: Understanding immunopathological fallout of human coronavirus infections including COVID‐19: Will they cross the path of rheumatologists? date: 2020-08-10 words: 4290 flesch: 36 summary: medRxiv Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study On the alert for cytokine storm: immunopathology in COVID-19 Potential effect of blood purification therapy in reducing cytokine storm as a late complication of critically ill COVID-19 Genomic analysis reveals age-dependent innate immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort Pediatric Kawasaki disease and adult human immunodeficiency virus Kawasaki-like syndrome are likely the same malady Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19 Novel paediatric presentation of COVID-19 with ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome without respiratory symptoms Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19 Lupus anticoagulant and abnormal coagulation tests in patients with Covid-19 Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 COVID-19 and aPL Ab -Hematology.org [Internet Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology Chloroquine attenuates TLR3/IFN-β signaling in cultured normal human mesangial cells: A possible protective effect against renal damage in lupus nephritis Poly(I:C) induces human lung endothelial barrier dysfunction by disrupting tight junction expression of claudin-5 Small molecules targeting the innate immune cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling pathway Cutting edge: antimalarial drugs inhibit IFN-β production through blockade of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-DNA interaction SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19. Injection of convalescent sera from SARS patients to rhesus macaques also causes lung injury with similar histopathological features as in human disease. keywords: ace2; acute; african; age; aged; agents; american; antiviral; autoantibodies; autoimmune; blood; cases; cd8; cells; characteristics; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokine; dependent; disease; early; epithelial; erythematosus; expression; factors; gender; hcq; higher; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; immune; individuals; infection; inflammatory; inhibit; innate; interferon; kawasaki; levels; like; lung; lupus; male; mechanism; mice; mortality; older; patients; prevalence; production; rate; receptor; respiratory; response; risk; role; sars; secretion; sera; severe; severity; signaling; similar; sle; sting; storm; studies; study; syndrome; systemic; tlr3; treatment; type; women cache: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt plain text: cord-288017-f9b3t0ts.txt item: #263 of 445 id: cord-288238-36hiiw91 author: Keshavarz, Mohsen title: Metabolic host response and therapeutic approaches to influenza infection date: 2020-03-05 words: 8165 flesch: 26 summary: Induction of protective immune response to intranasal administration of influenza virus-like particles in a mouse model Association of polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokines encoding genes with severe cases of influenza a/H1N1 and B in an Iranian population Acute encephalopathy associated with influenza and other viral infections Influenza vaccination for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding immunogenicity, efficacy and effectiveness Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis The nutritional requirements for the propagation of poliomyelitis virus by the HeLa cell Energy metabolic disorder is a major risk factor in severe influenza virus infection: proposals for new therapeutic options based on animal model experiments Metabolic pathways of lung inflammation revealed by high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) of H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice Targeting metabolic reprogramming by influenza infection for therapeutic intervention Influenza virus M2 protein inhibits epithelial sodium channels by increasing reactive oxygen species Influenza a virus PB1-F2 is involved in regulation of cellular redox state in alveolar epithelial cells Enhanced oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins and levels of some antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, and heat shock proteins in patients infected with influenza H1N1 virus Does influenza A infection increase oxidative damage Selenium levels, selenoenzyme activities and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in H1N1-infected children Lung histopathological findings in fatal pandemic influenza a (H1N1) Influenza virus replication in lung epithelial cells depends on redox-sensitive pathways activated by NOX4-derived ROS Oxidative stress in lungs of mice infected with influenza a virus Alterations in antioxidant defences in lung and liver of mice infected with influenza a virus Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production ameliorates inflammation induced by influenza a viruses via upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 Inhibition of Nox2 oxidase activity ameliorates influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation Influenza a virus and TLR7 activation potentiate NOX2 oxidasedependent ROS production in macrophages Endosomal NOX2 oxidase exacerbates virus pathogenicity and is a target for antiviral therapy Dependence on O2-generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD Alteration of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 expression by influenza a virus is correlated with virus replication Inhibition of influenza infection by glutathione Influenza a virus replication is dependent on an antioxidant pathway that involves GSH and Bcl-2 Differential redox state contributes to sex disparities in the response to influenza virus infection in male and female mice Glutathione increase by the n-butanoyl glutathione derivative (GSH-C4) inhibits viral replication and induces a predominant Th1 immune profile in old mice infected with influenza virus Glutathione-redox balance regulates c-rel-driven IL-12 production in macrophages: possible implications in Antituberculosis immunotherapy The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy Inflammatory Monocytes Drive Influenza A Virus-Mediated Lung Injury in Juvenile Mice Role of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase in alpha/beta and gamma interferon-mediated antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus infections Effects of interferons and viruses on metabolism Dynamics of the cellular metabolome during human cytomegalovirus infection Systems-level metabolic flux profiling identifies fatty acid synthesis as a target for antiviral therapy Early enhanced glucose uptake in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells Respiration and ATP level in BHK21/13S cells during the earlist stages of rubella virus replication Primary effects of the rubella virus on the metabolism of BHK-21 cells grown in suspension cultures Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction in human hepatic cells infected with dengue 2 virus Respiration and glycolysis of human cells grown in tissue culture Some metabolic effects of poliomyelitis virus on tissue culture The aforementioned metabolic processes are not the only pathways affected by influenza virus infection. keywords: acid; activation; activity; akt; amino; antiviral; atp; biosynthesis; cells; cellular; changes; critical; cytokine; dehydrogenase; dependent; depletion; diabetes; dioxygenase; disease; effect; energy; enhanced; enzyme; epithelial; essential; expression; factor; fatty; function; g6pd; glucose; glutaminolysis; glycolysis; gsh; h1n1; h5n1; hand; higher; host; human; ido; ifn; ifns; ifnγ; immune; increase; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; influenza infection; influenza virus; inhibition; interferon; kinase; leads; levels; lipid; lung; macrophages; metabolic; mice; mitochondrial; mtorc1; myc; nitric; oxidase; oxidation; oxidative; oxide; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathways; patients; phosphate; pi3k; polymorphisms; processes; production; proliferation; protein; pyruvate; redox; reduced; regulation; replication; respiratory; response; results; risk; role; ros; severe; signaling; significant; species; srebp; sterol; storm; studies; study; synthesis; system; target; therapeutic; transcription; tryptophan; turn; type; uptake; variety; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-288238-36hiiw91.txt plain text: cord-288238-36hiiw91.txt item: #264 of 445 id: cord-288960-v6l6o5va author: Li, Yang title: Regulating STING in health and disease date: 2017-06-07 words: 12330 flesch: 35 summary: Many DNA viruses, RNA viruses and bacteria have been implicated in the activation of STING response [55, 56] . [6] , suggesting STING activation pathways may overlap with RNA sensing mechanisms or reverse transcription of viral RNA keywords: acid; activation; active; activity; adaptor; addition; aicardi; amp; antiviral; associated; autoimmune; autoimmunity; autophagy; bacterial; binding; cancer; cause; cells; cgamp; cgas; cholesterol; chronic; clinical; colleagues; complex; control; critical; cyclic; cytoplasmic; cytosolic; degradation; delivery; dendritic; dependent; detection; development; dimerisation; dimers; dinucleotides; diseases; dna; domain; double; downstream; dsdna; early; erythematosus; excessive; expression; factor; family; figure; form; function; fusion; gain; genes; gmp; group; hiv; host; human; ifi16; ifn; iii; immune; immunity; induced; induction; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; innate; innate immune; interferon; interferonopathy; intracellular; irf3; jak; key; kinase; ligands; ligase; like; lipid; loss; lupus; macrophages; malaria; mavs; mechanism; membrane; mice; mitochondrial; molecules; mouse; multiple; mutant; mutations; negative; novel; nuclear; number; particles; pathway; patients; phosphorylation; plasma; process; production; progression; protein; recent; receptors; recognition; recruitment; regulation; regulatory; release; research; residues; response; rig; rna; role; s366; self; sensing; sensor; signalling; similar; single; sle; specific; sting; stress; studies; syndrome; synthase; systemic; table; targets; tbk1; therapies; transcription; treatment; trex1; tuberculosis; tumour; turn; type; ubiquitination; viral; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-288960-v6l6o5va.txt plain text: cord-288960-v6l6o5va.txt item: #265 of 445 id: cord-289101-ko1knslk author: Fu, Weihui title: An open-label, randomized trial of the combination of IFN-κ plus TFF2 with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-09-20 words: 6202 flesch: 42 summary: This was an open-label, randomized clinical trial conducted from March 23, 2020, for virologically confirmed COVID-19 patients Evidence before this study We searched Pubmed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for articles that use TFF2, IFN-k, or the combination of both, to treat COVID-19 patients on March 23, 2020 using the search terms (novel coronavirus OR SARS-CoV-2 00 OR COVID-19 00 ) AND (TFF2 OR IFN-k) with no language or time restrictions. Unfortunately, most studies have shown limited therapeutic effects in COVID-19 patients, and some effective therapeutics in published papers have been questioned for various reasons [33] . keywords: addition; adverse; aerosol; antiviral; blood; care; clinical; combination; control; control group; conversion; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; criteria; data; days; difference; disease; early; efficacy; endpoint; experimental; experimental group; fig; group; hospitalization; hospitalized; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; il-22; imaging; improvement; inflammatory; inhalation; interferon; label; lopinavir; mean; moderate; negative; open; patients; pneumonia; proteins; randomized; remdesivir; respiratory; responses; results; ritonavir; rna; safe; samples; sars; severe; standard; study; swabs; symptoms; test; tff2; time; treatment; trial; viral cache: cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt plain text: cord-289101-ko1knslk.txt item: #266 of 445 id: cord-289413-mbrw85og author: Flego, Michela title: Intracellular human antibody fragments recognizing the VP35 protein of Zaire Ebola filovirus inhibit the protein activity date: 2019-09-05 words: 5540 flesch: 41 summary: Ebola haemorrhagic fever Ebola virus disease The discovery of a new Ebolavirus, Bombali virus, adds further support for bats as hosts of Ebolaviruses Ebola virus: new insights into disease aetiopathology and possible therapeutic interventions How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system Strategies of highly pathogenic RNA viruses to block dsRNA detection by RIG-I-like receptors: hide, mask, hit The Ebola virus VP35 protein functions as a type I IFN antagonist Ebola virus protein VP35 impairs the function of interferon regulatory factor-activating kinases IKKepsilon and TBK-1 Ebola virus VP35 antagonizes PKR activity through its C-terminal interferon inhibitory domain Production technologies for monoclonal antibodies and their fragments Expression and targetingof intracellular antibodies in mammalian cells Generation and functional characterization of intracellular antibodies interacting with the kinase domain of human EGF receptor Intracellular antibody capture technology: application to selection of intracellular antibodies recognising the BCR-ABL oncogenic protein Effects of intrabodies specific for rotavirus NSP5 during the virus replicative cycle Intracellular anti-E7 human antibodies in single-chain format inhibit proliferation of HPV16-positive cervical carcinoma cells In vivo antitumor effect of an intracellular single-chain antibody fragment against the E7 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus 16 A novel intracellular antibody against the E6 oncoprotein impairs growth of human papillomavirus 16-positive tumor cells in mouse models Characterization and binding of intracellular antibody fragments to the hepatitis C virus core protein Generation and characterization of single-chain anti-body fragments specific against transmembrane envelope glycoprotein gp46 of maedivisna virus Isolation of a human single chain antibody fragment against oligomeric α-synuclein that inhibits aggregation and prevents α-synuclein-induced toxicity Direct in vivo intracellular selection of conformation-sensitive antibody domains targeting Alzheimer amyloid-β oligomers Human singledomain neutralizing intrabodies directed against Etk kinase: a novel approach to impair cellular transformation A nanobody targeting the F-actin capping protein CapG restrains breast cancer metastasis Purification and functional characterization of the full length recombinant Ebola virus VP35 protein expressed in E. coli dsRNA binding characterization of full length recombinant wild type and mutants Zaire ebolavirus VP35 A luciferase reporter gene assay to measure Ebola virus viral protein 35-associated inhibition of double-stranded RNA-stimulated, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1-mediated induction of interferon β Identification of Myricetin as an Ebola virus VP35−doublestranded RNA interaction inhibitor through a novel fluorescence-based assay Design and use of a phage display library. Ebola Virus Diseases New Ebola outbreak declared in Democratic Republic of the Congo Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome Identification of essential outstanding questions for an adequate European laboratory response to ebolavirus ZaireWest Africa Detection of Ebola viral antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a novel monoclonal antibody to nucleoprotein Development, characterization and use of monoclonal VP40-antibodies for the detection of Ebola virus Production of monoclonal antibodies and development of an antigen capture ELISA directed against the envelope glycoprotein GP of Ebola virus Strategies in Ebola virus disease (EVD) diagnostics at the point of care Antiviral agents against Ebola virus infection: repositioning old drugs and finding novel small molecules Insights into Ebola virus VP35 and VP24 interferon inhibitory functions and their initial exploitation as drug targets, infectious disorders -drug targets A randomized, controlled trial of ZMapp for Ebola virus infection VP35 knockdown inhibits Ebola virus amplification and protects against lethal infection in mice Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-of-concept study Specific in vivo knockdown of protein function by intrabodies Human transbodies that interfere with the functions of Ebola virus VP35 protein in genome replication and transcription and innate immune antagonism Generation of human single-chain antibody to the CD99 cell surface determinant specifically recognizing Ewing's sarcoma tumor cells Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations keywords: a10; able; absence; activity; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; assay; atg; b10; binding; cells; chain; characterization; clones; competitive; concentration; control; detection; different; disease; display; dsrna; ebola; ebov; ebov vp35; elisa; expression; fig; format; gene; human; ifn; immune; induced; induction; infection; inhibition; intrabodies; intracellular; isolated; library; luciferase; new; non; novel; panel; pcr; phage; presence; protein; ptarget; recombinant; reporter; response; rna; scfv; single; soluble; soluble non; specific; system; tests; therapeutic; transfection; use; value; viral; virus; vp35; vp35 protein; vp35 scfvs; zaire cache: cord-289413-mbrw85og.txt plain text: cord-289413-mbrw85og.txt item: #267 of 445 id: cord-290396-cy4y8vnt author: Kumar, Matam Vijay title: Innate immunity in the retina: Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in human retinal pigment epithelial cells date: 2004-07-01 words: 5499 flesch: 51 summary: Real time PCR analysis revealed gene expression for TLRs 1–7, 9, and 10 in RPE cells. Protein expression for TLRs 2, 3, and 4 was observed on RPE cells and this expression was augmented by treatment with poly I:C or interferon-γ (IFN-γ). keywords: adaptive; analysis; antibody; cd14; cells; chemokines; concentrations; confluence; cultures; cytokines; dendritic; dsrna; eia; epithelial; et al; expression; fig; gene; human; ifn; il-6; il-8; immune; innate; like; line; lps; media; microbial; molecules; mrna; nagineni; pcr; pigment; poly; presence; production; receptor; recognition; replication; response; results; retinal; role; rpe; rpe cells; sfm; sicam-1; signaling; studies; system; tlr; tlrs; toll; treatment; u937; virus cache: cord-290396-cy4y8vnt.txt plain text: cord-290396-cy4y8vnt.txt item: #268 of 445 id: cord-290593-vhmi2559 author: Lannes, Nils title: Interplay of foot-and-mouth disease virus, antibodies and plasmacytoid dendritic cells: virus opsonization under non-neutralizing conditions results in enhanced interferon-alpha responses date: 2012-08-30 words: 4422 flesch: 44 summary: [8] to form FMDV immune complexes, we were interested to determine the relationship between serum concentration and IFN-α enhancement. Both uncomplexed virus and immune complexed virus stimulated pDC via Toll-like receptor 7. keywords: 1/91; activation; antibodies; antibody; asia-1; bulgaria; cd14; cd172a; cd3; cd4; cells; complexes; cpg; data; dendritic; differences; different; dilutions; disease; enrichment; experiments; figure; fmdv; foot; high; ifn; immune; influenza; innate; interferon; isolates; log; mab; moi; mouth; neutralization; neutralized; neutralizing; non; opsonisation; pbmc; pdc; plasmacytoid; porcine; protection; related; responses; results; serotypes; serum; similar; specific; study; tcid; tlr7; type; ukg; viral; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-290593-vhmi2559.txt plain text: cord-290593-vhmi2559.txt item: #269 of 445 id: cord-290744-m0vpizuh author: Kindler, E. title: Interaction of SARS and MERS Coronaviruses with the Antiviral Interferon Response date: 2016-09-09 words: 7239 flesch: 32 summary: Translation is initiated at the start codon of ORF1a and may continue to ORF1b via a ribosomal frameshift mechanism, ultimately giving rise to two overlapping replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab Perlman and Netland, 2009; Snijder et al., 2003; Thiel et al., 2003) . Moreover, ORF1b harbors several RNA-processing enzymes, including a 3 0 -5 0 exonuclease and a guanosine N7-methyltransferase (associated with the N-and C-terminal domains, respectively, of nsp14), an endoribonuclease (nsp15) and a 2 0 -O-methyltransferase (nsp16) (Chen et al., 2009; Decroly et al., 2008; Ivanov et al., 2004; Kindler and Thiel, 2014; Minskaia et al., 2006; Perlman and Netland, 2009; Snijder et al., 2003; Thiel et al., 2003; Zust et al., 2011) . keywords: a59; accessory; activation; active; activity; acute; alpha; antagonists; antiviral; beta; cells; complex; coronavirus; cov; cytokines; defense; dependent; different; domain; dsrna; east; et al; expression; factor; function; genes; genome; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interferon; irf3; isgf3; isgs; isres; kappab; kinase; kindler; levels; like; mda5; mechanisms; membrane; mers; mhv; middle; molecular; mouse; mrna; new; novel; nsp1; oas; orf; papain; particular; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathway; perlman; pkr; proteases; protein; prrs; receptor; recognition; related; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; rig; rna; rnase; role; sars; severe; signaling; single; specific; stat1; strand; strategies; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; system; tbk1; thiel; tlr7; traf3; transcription; translation; type; viruses; weber cache: cord-290744-m0vpizuh.txt plain text: cord-290744-m0vpizuh.txt item: #270 of 445 id: cord-292289-amzzdh3t author: Mochizuki, M. title: Inhibitory effects of recombinant feline interferon on the replication of feline enteropathogenic viruses in vitro date: 1994-03-31 words: 3231 flesch: 47 summary: Since the KUK-H strain of FIPV did not grow efficiently in CRFK cell culture, antiviral activities of the rFelFN could be determined only in fcwf-4 cell culture. Canine rotavirus RS 15 strain, a member of the K9 canine-feline interspecies genogroup , was serially passaged 8 times in fcwf-4 cell culture for adaptation, and then used for the challenge. keywords: activities; antiviral; canine; cats; cells; challenge; cpe; crfk; cultures; et al; fcv; fcwf-4; feline; fhv; fipv; fplv; growth; human; ifn; interferon; medium; mochizuki; recombinant; replication; rfelfn; rotavirus; strain; table; virus; viruses; vsv; weiss; yield cache: cord-292289-amzzdh3t.txt plain text: cord-292289-amzzdh3t.txt item: #271 of 445 id: cord-292593-apdyaujt author: Coulter-Mackie, Marion title: In vivo and in vitro models of demyelinating diseases XII. Persistence and expression of corona JHM vims functions in RN2-2 Schwannoma cells during latency date: 1985-10-31 words: 5842 flesch: 51 summary: To ascertain whether active translation was underway at 39.5C, polysomes from infected RN2 cells were isolated, fractionated and subjected to hybridization with JHMV-specific [ 32P]cDNA and autoradiography, as described in Materials and Methods. Cells were released from tissues by mincing and dispersal into phosphate-buffered saline, containing 22 mM glucose and 0.25% trypsin, employing agitation at 37°C for 15 min. keywords: 39.5"c; 56k; antibodies; antigen; bands; cells; channel; control; coronavirus; cultures; data; days; detectable; elevated; et al; evident; extracts; fig; host; hybridization; ifn; infected; infection; inoculation; interferon; jhmv; l-2; latency; latent; lucas; material; medium; min; mrna; nucleocapsid; persistence; persistently; pfu; polypeptide; presence; present; production; protein; replication; restrictive; results; rn2; schwannoma; sorensen; specific; state; temperature; time; translation; viral; virus; vsv cache: cord-292593-apdyaujt.txt plain text: cord-292593-apdyaujt.txt item: #272 of 445 id: cord-294125-v2dr4hm0 author: Albert, Manuel title: ISG15, a Small Molecule with Huge Implications: Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis date: 2018-11-13 words: 8077 flesch: 28 summary: Dendritic Cells at the Site of Infection Link between the ubiquitin conjugation system and the ISG15 conjugation system: ISG15 conjugation to the UbcH6 ubiquitin E2 enzyme ISG15 inhibits Ebola VP40 VLP budding in an L-domain-dependent manner by blocking Nedd4 ligase activity Identification and characterization of a novel ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chain and its role in regulating protein homeostasis ISG15 governs mitochondrial function in macrophages following vaccinia virus infection ISG15 in antiviral immunity and beyond IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses ISG15 Arg151 and the ISG15-conjugating enzyme UbE1L are important for innate immune control of Sindbis virus Identification of interferon-stimulated gene 15 as an antiviral molecule during Sindbis virus infection in vivo ISG15 is critical in the control of Chikungunya virus infection independent of UbE1L mediated conjugation The level of hepatitis B virus replication is not affected by protein ISG15 modification but is reduced by inhibition of UBP43 (USP18) expression Role of ISG15 protease UBP43 (USP18) in innate immunity to viral infection Reexamination of the role of ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 in the phenotype of UBP43-deficient mice Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and nonstructural proteins modify the type I interferon response associated with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins and IFN-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) Martinez, I. ISG15 Is Upregulated in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Reduces Virus Growth through Protein ISGylation Innate antiviral response targets HIV-1 release by the induction of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 Zebrafish ISG15 exerts a strong antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses and regulates the interferon response Influenza B virus NS1 protein inhibits conjugation of the interferon (IFN)-induced ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein Vaccinia virus E3 protein prevents the antiviral action of ISG15 Consecutive Inhibition of ISG15 Expression and ISGylation by Cytomegalovirus Regulators Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin-and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses A chimeric virus-mouse model system for evaluating the function and inhibition of papain-like proteases of emerging coronaviruses Hepatitis C virus reveals a novel early control in acute immune response The ISG15/USP18 ubiquitin-like pathway (ISGylation system) in hepatitis C virus infection and resistance to interferon therapy Influenza virus non-structural protein NS1: In the following sections, we discuss the antiviral mechanisms mediated by ISGylation of both viral and cellular proteins, with a focus on mitochondrial proteins, as we recently showed that ISG15 modulates essential mitochondrial metabolic processes such as respiration and mitophagy in macrophages, with important implications for innate immune responses [29] . keywords: acid; activation; activity; analysis; antiviral; apoptosis; atp; binding; biological; cell; cellular; complex; conjugation; control; cytokine; degradation; dehydrogenase; development; different; disease; dna; dynamics; effect; enzyme; essential; example; expression; extracellular; factor; family; figure; form; free; function; gene; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; implications; important; induced; infection; influenza; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; isg15; isg15 conjugation; isgylated; isgylation; kinase; levels; like; macrophages; mavs; mechanisms; member; membrane; metabolism; mice; mitochondrial; mitophagy; modification; monooxygenase; negative; ns1; organelles; oxphos; parkin; pathway; post; processes; production; protease; proteins; receptor; recognition; regulation; regulatory; release; relevant; residues; response; reversible; rig; rlr; rna; role; ros; signaling; small; space; specific; studies; study; system; targets; translational; translocation; type; ubiquitin; usp18; virus; viruses cache: cord-294125-v2dr4hm0.txt plain text: cord-294125-v2dr4hm0.txt item: #273 of 445 id: cord-295508-yhdj5m0e author: Yang, Li-Tao title: Long-lived effector/central memory T-cell responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S antigen in recovered SARS patients date: 2006-06-16 words: 4444 flesch: 56 summary: The expression of IFN-g and IL-2 was assessed when cells were gated on CD4 + or CD8 + T cells. and CD8 + T cells from 5 recovered SARS patients failed to secret IFN-g and IL-2 in the absence of SARS-CoV S peptides. keywords: acute; anti; ccr7; cd4; cd45ro; cd62l; cd8; cells; coronavirus; cov; cov s; effector; expression; fig; healthy; high; ifn; il-2; immunity; individuals; infection; low; memory; memory t; patients; pbmcs; peptides; protein; recovered; respiratory; responses; results; sars; sars patients; severe; specific; study; syndrome; t cells cache: cord-295508-yhdj5m0e.txt plain text: cord-295508-yhdj5m0e.txt item: #274 of 445 id: cord-295684-d3p9nbgq author: Lasfar, Ahmed title: Interferon Lambda: A New Sword in Cancer Immunotherapy date: 2011-12-06 words: 7857 flesch: 44 summary: Since IFN-α is used in the clinic for the treatment of chronic HCV and HBV infections, several studies evaluated the effect of IFN treatment on the incidence of HCC The majority of clinical studies also concluded that IFN therapy, alone or in combination with ribavirin, decreased the incidence of HCC, particularly in patients with sustained virological response [81] keywords: activation; activities; activity; adaptive; addition; antiproliferative; antitumor; antiviral; apoptosis; b16; binding; bnl; cancer; carcinoma; cells; chronic; class; combination; comparison; contrast; cytokines; dcs; dendritic; different; distinct; doses; effects; epithelial; expression; gene; growth; hcc; hcv; hepatitis; hepatocellular; high; host; human; ifn; ifns; ifnλ; iii; il-12; il-29; immune; immunity; important; induced; infection; inhibition; innate; interferon; lambda; like; liver; mechanisms; melanoma; mhc; mice; mifn; model; mouse; new; patients; pegylated; potential; receptor; response; ribavirin; role; signaling; significant; similar; studies; study; survival; system; therapy; treatment; tumor; type; virus; vitro; vivo; λr1 cache: cord-295684-d3p9nbgq.txt plain text: cord-295684-d3p9nbgq.txt item: #275 of 445 id: cord-295781-b831y105 author: VanLeuven, James T. title: Lung epithelial cells have virus-specific and shared gene expression responses to infection by diverse respiratory viruses date: 2017-06-02 words: 7225 flesch: 47 summary: Interestingly, the differences in kinetics of host cell gene expression did not correspond with differences in the kinetics of viral replication in this cell line (S1 Fig). Current protocols in microbiology Enhanced growth of a murine coronavirus in transformed mouse cells Substrate-specific gene expression in Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the chytrid pathogen of amphibians A framework for oligonucleotide microarray preprocessing Controlling the False Discovery Rate-a Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing Interferome v2.0: an updated database of annotated interferon-regulated genes Rhinovirus induces airway epithelial gene expression through double-stranded RNA and IFN-dependent pathways Interferon regulatory factor 7 regulates airway epithelial cell responses to human rhinovirus infection A systems approach to understanding human rhinovirus and influenza virus infection Gene expression profiles during in vivo human rhinovirus infection: insights into the host response Plasticity and virus specificity of the airway epithelial cell immune response during respiratory virus infection Pathogenic influenza viruses and coronaviruses utilize similar and contrasting approaches to control interferon-stimulated gene responses Innate immune response to influenza A virus in differentiated human alveolar type II cells Systems-level comparison of host responses induced by pandemic and seasonal influenza A H1N1 viruses in primary human type I-like alveolar epithelial cells in vitro Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells Contribute to the Anti-Influenza A Virus Response in the Lung by Integrating Pathogenand Microenvironment-Derived Signals Detrimental contribution of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 to influenza A virus-induced acute pneumonia Development of a mouse model mimicking key aspects of a viral asthma exacerbation Experimental rhinovirus infection increases human tissue kallikrein activation in allergic subjects Kinins are generated during experimental rhinovirus colds Rhinovirus induces MUC5AC in a human infection model and in vitro via NF-kappaB and EGFR pathways Localization of mouse hepatitis virus nonstructural proteins and RNA synthesis indicates a role for late endosomes in viral replication Mouse hepatitis virus replicase proteins associate with two distinct populations of intracellular membranes Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication Ribose 2'-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5 Protective and pathologic roles of the immune response to mouse hepatitis virus type 1: implications for severe acute respiratory syndrome T cell epitope specificity and pathogenesis of mouse hepatitis virus-1-induced disease in susceptible and resistant hosts Characterization of the murine alpha interferon gene family Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. keywords: airway; altered; alveolar; analysis; antiviral; cells; changes; contrast; data; dependent; differences; different; disease; epithelial; epithelial cells; expression; fig; fold; gene expression; genes; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; ifns; immune; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; interferon; la4; line; lung; mhv; mice; microarray; mock; models; mouse; murine; number; pathogenesis; pr8; receptor; regulated; regulation; related; replication; respiratory; response; rhinovirus; rna; rv1b; severe; shared; signaling; signature; significant; specific; strain; studies; study; susceptible; table; time; timing; tract; type; values; viral; viruses; vitro cache: cord-295781-b831y105.txt plain text: cord-295781-b831y105.txt item: #276 of 445 id: cord-296033-5zyoddl7 author: Hu, Xiaoliang title: Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Papain-Like Protease 1 Antagonizes Production of Interferon-β through Its Deubiquitinase Activity date: 2017-10-23 words: 3385 flesch: 43 summary: However, very little is known about whether TGEV PL1 can antagonize host innate immune response. Here, we presented evidence that TGEV PL1 encoded by the replicase gene could suppress the IFN-β expression and inhibit the nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; catalytic; cells; coronavirus; cov; dependent; deubiquitinase; dub; expression; factor; figure; flag; gene; hek293; host; ifn; immune; immunity; innate; interferon; irf3; like; luciferase; nl63; nuclear; papain; pl1; plasmids; porcine; presence; production; promoter; protease; protein; respiratory; response; rig-1; sars; sev; signaling; sting; syndrome; tgev; tgev pl1; type; viral; virus cache: cord-296033-5zyoddl7.txt plain text: cord-296033-5zyoddl7.txt item: #277 of 445 id: cord-296441-682uop9z author: Montoya, María title: Expression Dynamics of Innate Immunity in Influenza Virus-Infected Swine date: 2017-04-21 words: 6333 flesch: 48 summary: Swine IV infection induced interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin-6 responses in bronchoalveolar fluids (BALF) at day 3 post infection, as opposed to the other non-swine-adapted virus strains. Swine IV infection induced interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin-6 responses in bronchoalveolar fluids (BALF) at day 3 post infection, as opposed to the other nonswine-adapted virus strains. keywords: adapted; agreement; alpha; animals; antibodies; antibody; assays; avian; balf; canine; cells; changes; clinical; cytokine; data; day; days; different; disease; elisa; equine; experimental; expression; figure; findings; gamma; genes; group; h1n1; h1n2; h3n2; h3n8; high; human; ifn; il-6; immune; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interferon; iv strains; ivs; lesions; levels; lung; mock; non; p.i; pathological; pcr; pigs; porcine; post; previous; real; replication; respiratory; responses; results; saa; samples; seal; serum; severe; significant; signs; species; strains; study; subtypes; swine; system; table; test; time; tract; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-296441-682uop9z.txt plain text: cord-296441-682uop9z.txt item: #278 of 445 id: cord-296948-sqxrwgif author: Paquin, Ashley title: Comparative Functional Analysis of 12 Mammalian IFN-λ4 Orthologs date: 2016-01-01 words: 3869 flesch: 39 summary: IFN activity in these cells, which are commonly exposed to exogenous pathogens, is important for prevention of viral entry and dissemination. For the animal expression constructs, fulllength open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted from DNA sequences available in the UCSC Genome browser based on similarity to human IFN-l4 protein sequence. keywords: activity; allele; amino; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; biological; biosciences; cells; confocal; constructs; expression; fig; functional; genomic; halo; hepg2; human; human ifn; ifn; ifns; iii; important; infection; interferon; isre; key; l4 orthologs; leader; line; localization; mab; nuclear; olsson; orthologs; peptide; prokunina; protein; rab; rabbit; receptor; response; sequences; signaling; signals; species; studies; supplementary; tag; type; virus cache: cord-296948-sqxrwgif.txt plain text: cord-296948-sqxrwgif.txt item: #279 of 445 id: cord-297512-l9re9h4j author: Sultana, Shehnaz title: Interferon gamma (IFNγ) +874A/T gene polymorphism in South Indian ischemic stroke patients date: 2011-07-17 words: 2157 flesch: 37 summary: The percentage of males among the stroke patients was 71.9% (n=123), which was higher compared to controls 52.9% (n=81), whereas the percentage of females was 28.1% (n=48) in stroke patients and 47.1% (n=72) in the control group. The percentage of hypertension was 72.5% in stroke patients and 43.7% in controls. keywords: +874; +874a; activation; acute; allele; aspiration; association; cells; cerebral; complications; control; cytokines; disease; frequencies; gamma; gene; genetic; genotypes; group; ifn; ifnγ; immune; indian; infections; inflammatory; injury; interferon; ischemic; patients; percentage; pneumonia; polymorphism; risk; role; significant; specific; stroke; study; systemic cache: cord-297512-l9re9h4j.txt plain text: cord-297512-l9re9h4j.txt item: #280 of 445 id: cord-297712-yy4g5npi author: Zhu, Xinyu title: Porcine deltacoronavirus nsp5 inhibits interferon-β production through the cleavage of NEMO date: 2016-12-13 words: 3297 flesch: 41 summary: Due to the indispensable role of PDCoV nsp5 protease activity in IFN-β antagonism, we speculated that PDCoV nsp5 cleaved NEMO or an upstream molecule to impair type I IFN signaling. The WT or mutated NEMO proteins were co-transfected into HEK-293T cells with PDCoV nsp5. keywords: activation; activity; cells; china; cleavage; cleaved; coronaviruses; deltacoronavirus; diarrhea; et al; expression; fig; hek-293; ifn; immune; infection; inhibits; innate; interferon; ips-1; k277a; like; mda5; mutant; nemo; nsp5; pdcov; pdcov nsp5; porcine; position; production; promoter; protease; protein; q231; recognition; residue; respiratory; response; rig; role; signaling; substrate; syndrome; type; viral; virus; wang; wang et cache: cord-297712-yy4g5npi.txt plain text: cord-297712-yy4g5npi.txt item: #281 of 445 id: cord-297776-k38jssr0 author: Volk, Aaron title: Coronavirus Endoribonuclease and Deubiquitinating Interferon Antagonists Differentially Modulate the Host Response during Replication in Macrophages date: 2020-05-18 words: 5851 flesch: 33 summary: We used an online tool called Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to cluster the genes highly upregulated by EndoUmut virus infection (bracket in Fig. 1 ) based on functional similarities (21, 22) . Interestingly, despite of this elevated IFN expression during DUBmut infection, we did not observe a similar increase in ISG15 mRNA, which is upregulated by EndoUmut virus infection (Fig. 2B) . keywords: activation; activity; acute; analyses; antagonists; antiviral; associated; bmdms; cells; coronavirus; cov; data; differences; differential; dubmut; early; endoribonuclease; endoumut; expression; fig; genes; host; ifn; immune; important; infected; infection; innate; interferon; like; list; macrophages; magnitude; mers; mhv; mice; multiple; mutant; p.i; papain; pathogenesis; pathways; pcr; profile; proinflammatory; protease; protein; reads; replication; respiratory; response; results; rna; robust; role; sars; sensors; severe; signaling; significant; similar; studies; study; syndrome; transcriptional; type; unfolded; upr; upregulated; values; viral; virus; viruses; wild cache: cord-297776-k38jssr0.txt plain text: cord-297776-k38jssr0.txt item: #282 of 445 id: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5 author: Mandl, Judith N. title: Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance date: 2018-09-20 words: 9488 flesch: 28 summary: Given the diversity of the Chiroptera order (Figure 1) , we may simply see more bat viruses because there are so many (>1,300) species of bats (31) . Fewer studies have examined the adaptive immune system than those probing innate immune pathways, but experimental infections with bat borne viruses have demonstrated that bats generate low or absent antibody responses which often wane rapidly. keywords: activation; adaptations; aegyptiacus; alecto; analysis; antibody; antiviral; bat species; bats; blood; body; capable; cause; cell; challenge; changes; colonies; common; comparative; critical; damage; data; date; destructans; differences; disease; distinct; dna; ebov; echolocation; egyptian; evidence; evolution; experimental; expression; factors; family; flight; flying; fruit; function; genes; genome; greater; hendra; hibernation; high; history; host; humans; ifn; ifns; immune; immune responses; immunity; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; levels; life; likely; lines; little; live; long; longevity; low; lps; mammalian; mammals; marburg; marv; mass; mechanisms; molecular; mortality; myotis; natural; nipah; non; north; nose; number; particular; pathogens; pathways; periods; phylogenetic; poliocephalus; populations; positive; potential; production; pteropid; pteropus; rabies; related; replication; reservoir; responses; results; rna; rousettus; selection; shedding; signaling; source; species; specific; stimulation; sting; strains; studies; study; susceptible; syndrome; tissue; tnfα; tolerance; traits; transmission; type; unique; viral; virus; viruses; white; zoonotic cache: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5.txt plain text: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5.txt item: #283 of 445 id: cord-298131-zolwjl9u author: Xiao, Shuqi title: Understanding PRRSV Infection in Porcine Lung Based on Genome-Wide Transcriptome Response Identified by Deep Sequencing date: 2010-06-29 words: 9366 flesch: 34 summary: Data were presented as fold changes in gene expression normalized to the HPRT1 gene and relative to the C sample. Despite such limitations, our DGE study offers a broad, system-wide window into molecular processes that regulate gene expression and also provides new leads for functional studies of candidate genes involved in host-virus interaction, as illustrated in this paper. keywords: abundance; activation; alveolar; analysis; anti; antibodies; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; associated; axis; biological; categories; category; cd163; cells; changes; china; clean; complement; cytochrome; cytokines; data; database; death; deep; dge; digital; distinct; enrichment; exact; expression; factor; false; fever; figure; fisher; gene expression; genes; genome; global; group; high; host; ifn; il-1b; il10; illumina; immune; immune response; important; increase; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; innate; interferon; leukocytes; libraries; library; lipid; lungs; macrophages; metabolism; model; molecular; molecules; n168; n96; number; observed; pams; pathogenesis; pathway; pigs; porcine; porcine reproductive; primary; processes; production; profiles; protein; prrsv; prrsv infection; qpcr; qtl; receptor; reference; replication; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; rna; samples; sequences; sequencing; signaling; significant; solexa; studies; study; swine; syndrome; syndrome virus; table; tags; test; time; total; transcript; transcription; transcriptome; type; unc; upregulation; value; viral; virus; viruses; wide cache: cord-298131-zolwjl9u.txt plain text: cord-298131-zolwjl9u.txt item: #284 of 445 id: cord-298259-r9rn0yyz author: Omatsu, Tsutomu title: Induction and sequencing of Rousette bat interferon α and β genes date: 2008-07-15 words: 2991 flesch: 50 summary: Direct comparison of bat IFN-a genes simultaneously against various animal species was complicated by the fact that there are various IFN-a subtypes and difficulties in the identification of subtype of the bat Lu was examined using poly(I:C) or bat type I IFNs derived from BPKCs. keywords: acid; aegyptiacus; amino; anti; bat; bats; bpkcs; cat; cells; data; dmem; dna; ebola; exogenous; expression; fcs; fig; genes; horse; human; ifn; ifns; important; infection; japan; medium; mrna; nipah; pathway; pcr; phylogenetic; pig; poly(i; response; sequences; species; studies; treatment; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-298259-r9rn0yyz.txt plain text: cord-298259-r9rn0yyz.txt item: #285 of 445 id: cord-298938-xemarhlv author: Goswami, Biswendu B. title: Apoptosis induced by a cytopathic hepatitis A virus is dependent on caspase activation following ribosomal RNA degradation but occurs in the absence of 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase date: 2004-04-07 words: 7468 flesch: 43 summary: However, phosphorylated STAT 1, a key regulator of interferon-stimulated gene transcription was not detected in virus infected cells. key: cord-298938-xemarhlv authors: Goswami, Biswendu B.; Kulka, Michael; Ngo, Diana; Cebula, Thomas A. title: Apoptosis induced by a cytopathic hepatitis A virus is dependent on caspase activation following ribosomal RNA degradation but occurs in the absence of 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase date: 2004-04-07 journal: Antiviral Res DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.02.004 sha: doc_id: 298938 cord_uid: xemarhlv We have presented previously evidence that the cytopathogenic 18f strain of hepatitis A virus (HAV) induced degradation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in infected cells [Arch. keywords: 18f; acids; activation; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; brack; caspase; cells; cellular; cleavage; clone; culture; cytopathic; cytopathogenic; cytoplasm; data; degradation; dependent; dna; effect; enzyme; et al; fig; fmk; frhk4; gel; hav; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; induced; induction; infected; infection; inhibitor; interferon; kulka; medium; mock; mrna; nucleic; oas; panel; pathway; pcr; persistent; pfu; phosphorylation; presence; present; prior; protein; replication; response; results; rna; rnase; rrna; section; stat; strains; synthesis; total; translation; treatment; vad; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-298938-xemarhlv.txt plain text: cord-298938-xemarhlv.txt item: #286 of 445 id: cord-299299-ov6bf1ff author: Janowicz, Anna title: Multiple Genome Segments Determine Virulence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 date: 2015-03-11 words: 7555 flesch: 46 summary: Isolation of the bluetongue virus from Texas sheep-Culicoides shown to be a vector The pathology and pathogenesis of bluetongue Bluetongue virus assembly and morphogenesis Identification and characterization of a novel non-structural protein of bluetongue virus The highly ordered double-stranded RNA genome of bluetongue virus revealed by crystallography The molecular biology of bluetongue virus replication An atomic model of the outer layer of the bluetongue virus core derived from X-ray crystallography and electron cryomicroscopy Bluetongue virus: dissection of the polymerase complex Bluetongue virus coat protein VP2 contains sialic acid-binding domains, and VP5 resembles enveloped virus fusion proteins Bluetongue virus entry into cells Expression and functional characterization of bluetongue virus VP5 protein: role in cellular permeabilization Role of an arbovirus nonstructural protein in cellular pathogenesis and virus release Characterization and modification of the carboxy-terminal sequences of bluetongue virus type 10 NS1 protein in relation to tubule formation and location of an antigenic epitope in the vicinity of the carboxy terminus of the protein Bluetongue virus non-structural protein 1 is a positive regulator of viral protein synthesis Specific binding of Bluetongue virus NS2 to different viral plusstrand RNAs Bluetongue virus RNA binding protein NS2 is a modulator of viral replication and assembly Insights into the role of the non-structural protein 2 (NS2) in bluetongue virus morphogenesis The membrane trafficking protein calpactin forms a complex with bluetongue virus protein NS3 and mediates virus release A viral nonstructural protein regulates bluetongue virus trafficking and release NS3 of bluetongue virus interferes with the induction of type I interferon Identification of the serotype-specific and group-specific antigens of bluetongue virus Molecular basis of bluetongue virus neutralization Complete genome characterisation of a novel 26th bluetongue virus serotype from Kuwait Reassortment between two serologically unrelated bluetongue virus strains is flexible and can involve any genome segment Clinical syndromes associated with the circulation of multiple serotypes of bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in Israel Malarial catarrhal fever (bluetongue) of sheep in South Africa Subclinical and clinical bluetongue disease in cattle: clinical, pathological and pathogenic considerations Neurovirulence of the UC-2 and UC-8 strains of bluetongue virus serotype 11 in newborn mice Pathology and pathogenesis of bluetongue infections The pathogenesis and immunology of bluetongue virus-infection of ruminants Seroconversion, neutralising antibodies and protection in bluetongue serotype 8 vaccinated sheep Virus and host factors affecting the clinical outcome of bluetongue virus infection Epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 8 outbreaks in the Netherlands in Field observations during the bluetongue serotype 8 epidemic in 2006. Morbidity and mortality rate, case fatality and clinical recovery in sheep and cattle in the Netherlands Using the National Cattle Register to estimate the excess mortality during an epidemic: application to an outbreak of bluetongue serotype 8 Bluetongue virus genetic and phenotypic diversity: towards identifying the molecular determinants that influence virulence and transmission potential Clinical disease in sheep caused by bluetongue virus serotype 8, and prevention by an inactivated vaccine Determinants of bluetongue virus virulence in murine models of disease Interplay between ovine bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2/tetherin and endogenous retroviruses Schmallenberg virus pathogenesis, tropism and interaction with the innate immune system of the host Development of reverse genetics systems for bluetongue virus: recovery of infectious virus from synthetic RNA transcripts A synthetic biology approach for a vaccine platform against known and newly emerging serotypes of bluetongue virus Rapid cDNA synthesis and sequencing techniques for the genetic study of bluetongue and other dsRNA viruses Mapping short DNA sequencing reads and calling variants using mapping quality scores Tablet-next generation sequence assembly visualization Multiple virulence determinants of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell culture Analysis of the roles of bluetongue virus outer capsid proteins VP2 and VP5 in determination of virus serotype Full genome characterisation of bluetongue virus serotype 6 from the Netherlands 2008 and comparison to other field and vaccine strains Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future Pathogenicity study in sheep using reverse-genetics-based reassortant bluetongue viruses Interactions between the inner and outer capsids of bluetongue virus Bluetongue virus outer capsid protein VP5 interacts with membrane lipid rafts via a SNARE domain The amino acid sequence of the outer coat protein VP2 of neutralizing monoclonal antibody-resistant, virulent and attenuated bluetongue viruses Morphogenesis of a bluetongue virus variant with an amino acid alteration at a neutralization site in the outer coat protein Adaptation of Sindbis virus to BHK cells selects for use of heparan sulfate as an attachment receptor Deliberate attenuation of chikungunya virus by adaptation to heparan sulfate-dependent infectivity: a model for rational arboviral vaccine design Adaptation of tick-borne encephalitis virus to BHK-21 cells results in the formation of multiple heparan sulfate binding sites in the envelope protein and attenuation in vivo Mutations in the E2 glycoprotein of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus confer heparan sulfate interaction, low morbidity, and rapid clearance from blood of mice Large-plaque mutants of Sindbis virus show reduced binding to heparan sulfate, heightened viremia, and slower clearance from the circulation Virulence attenuation of Dengue virus due to augmented glycosaminoglycan-binding affinity and restriction in extraneural dissemination Sindbis virus mutants selected for rapid growth in cell culture display attenuated virulence in animals Bluetongue virus-induced interferon synthesis Bluetongue virus, an exceptionally potent interferon inducer in mice Bluetongue virus-induced interferon in cattle Schwartz-Cornil I. 2012. keywords: acid; affinity; animals; attenuated; attenuation; backbone; bluetongue; btv8; btv8 l; cells; clinical; control; cpt; culture; data; days; determinants; disease; fig; fold; genetic; genome; genomic; high; higher; host; ifn; ifnar; infected; infection; influenza; interferon; kinetics; medium; mice; model; molecular; monoreassortants; mortality; multiple; mutations; ns3; number; order; outer; ovec; p.i; parental; passage; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; pcr; pfu; primary; protein; reassortants; replication; response; reverse; rgbtv8; rgbtv8 l; rna; role; samples; seg2; segments; sequence; serotype; sheep; similar; specific; strains; studies; study; supernatants; tert; tissue; titers; uifn; viral; virulence; virus; viruses; vivo; vp1; vp2; vp4; vp5; ϩs2; ϫ/ϫ cache: cord-299299-ov6bf1ff.txt plain text: cord-299299-ov6bf1ff.txt item: #287 of 445 id: cord-299549-bjqwwzam author: Zhang, Lei title: Against Ebola: type I interferon guard risk and mesenchymal stromal cell combat sepsis date: 2015-01-01 words: 3649 flesch: 38 summary: α2b spray Ebola virus VP35 protein binds double-stranded RNA and inhibits alpha/beta interferon production induced by RIG-I signaling Caring for critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease. Perspectives from West Africa Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease Regulation of type I interferon responses Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-α2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections Adult human mesenchymal stem cells added to corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease Clinical virology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): virus, virus antigen, and IgG and IgM antibody findings among EHF patients in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo Links between innate and adaptive immunity via type I interferon Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Early immune responses accompanying human asymptomatic Ebola infections Camouflage and misdirection: the full-on assault of Ebola virus disease How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system Mesenchymal stem cells decrease splenocytes apoptosis in a sepsis experimental model Perspectives on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in vascularized composite allotransplantation Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone Interferon-β therapy prolongs survival in rhesus macaque models of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever Age-related changes in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: consequences for cell therapies Ebola virus pathogenesis: implications for vaccines and therapies Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation reverses multiorgan dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus mice and humans keywords: adaptive; antiviral; apoptosis; baize; blood; cases; cells; clinical; cytokine; dcs; death; early; ebola; endothelial; et al; factor; fatal; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; incubation; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; interventions; macrophages; mechanisms; mesenchymal; mscs; patients; period; plasma; rate; replication; responses; sepsis; shock; specific; stage; storm; survivors; system; terminal; time; treatment; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-299549-bjqwwzam.txt plain text: cord-299549-bjqwwzam.txt item: #288 of 445 id: cord-299733-4mpz5l9e author: Mitchell, William M. title: Discordant Biological and Toxicological Species Responses to TLR3 Activation date: 2014-04-30 words: 6198 flesch: 38 summary: 16 The X-ray crystallographic structure of the mouse TLR3 dimer/biol-dsRNA complex and the human TLR3 monomer provided the coordinates for the model of human TLR3, with rintatolimod bound to its active site. In addition to the primary sequence differences between rodents and primates illustrated in Table 7 , rodent and human TLR3 gene structures are remarkably dissimilar in the proximal promoter domains, as well as TLR3 isoforms. keywords: activation; acute; adapter; agonist; american; analysis; animal; binding; biopharma; cells; chronic; clinical; complex; consistent; contrast; cynomolgus; cytokine; data; dcs; dependent; differences; differential; dog; dose; dosing; double; drug; dsrna; expression; fatigue; figure; findings; gene; helicases; hemispherx; homodimer; human; ifn; immune; inc; induction; inflammatory; infusion; innate; journal; kinase; levels; like; monkey; month; mouse; murine; myd88; new; observed; pathways; patients; poly; potential; primates; protein; rabbit; rat; rats; receptor; regulation; residues; responses; results; rintatolimod; rodent; sequences; serum; signaling; significant; similar; species; specific; strand; structure; studies; study; syndrome; systemic; table; thyroid; time; tir; tlr3; tlrs; tnf; toll; toxicities; toxicity; toxicological; trif; twice; uridine; weekly cache: cord-299733-4mpz5l9e.txt plain text: cord-299733-4mpz5l9e.txt item: #289 of 445 id: cord-299754-tgexahwd author: van Tol, Sarah title: The TRIMendous Role of TRIMs in Virus–Host Interactions date: 2017-08-22 words: 18335 flesch: 37 summary: Additionally, several TRIMs directly restrict viral replication either through proteasome-mediated degradation of viral proteins or by interfering with different steps of the viral replication cycle. In addition to conferring an antiviral state indirectly by regulating cytokine production downstream of PRR signaling, TRIMs are capable of restricting the effectiveness of pathogens through direct interactions with viral proteins crucial to their entry, dissemination, or life cycle [6] . keywords: able; acid; activation; activity; adaptor; addition; antibody; antiviral; assembly; associated; autophagy; binding; box; capsid; cd4; cd8; cells; cellular; chains; characterized; coil; complex; complexes; components; critical; cycle; cyclic; cytokine; cytoplasmic; degradation; denv; dependent; different; direct; dna; domain; downstream; encephalitis; enzymes; essential; evasion; example; expression; factor; family; figure; flaviviruses; formation; function; gene; genome; hbv; hcv; helicase; hepatitis; hexagonal; higher; hiv-1; host; human; iav; ifn; ikkε; immune; immunity; important; induced; induction; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; intracellular; involved; irf3; jev; k48; k63; kap1; kinase; ligase; like; lytic; mavs; mda5; mechanism; molecular; molecules; monkeys; motif; multiple; negative; nemo; niv; nlrp3; non; novel; ns1; ns5; nuclear; nucleus; oligomerization; order; pathogen; pathway; phosphorylation; play; pml; poly; polymerase; polyubiquitin; positive; post; potential; production; promoter; proteasome; protein; prrs; receptor; recognition; regulation; regulatory; release; replication; response; restriction; retroviral; rhesus; rig; ring; rlr; rna; role; signaling; similar; single; species; specific; spry; stat2; sting; structure; studies; synthesis; tak1; tank; targets; tbk1; terminal; tnf; transcription; trim11; trim25; trim38; trim5α; trims; tripartite; type; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; unanchored; uncoating; variety; viral; virus; virus replication; viruses; vp35; yfv cache: cord-299754-tgexahwd.txt plain text: cord-299754-tgexahwd.txt item: #290 of 445 id: cord-299756-m0va36er author: Raaben, Matthijs title: Type I interferon receptor-independent and -dependent host transcriptional responses to mouse hepatitis coronavirus infection in vivo date: 2009-08-03 words: 4573 flesch: 49 summary: To confirm and extend these observations, we next analyzed the induction of type I and II IFN gene expression (i.e. IFN-α4 and IFN-β1, and IFN-γ, respectively) by using quantitative RT-PCR. In contrast, in the 129SvEv mice, no significant induction of gene expression was observed. keywords: 129svev; additional; analysis; antiviral; association; balb; brains; cells; control; coronavirus; data; days; early; expression; figure; fold; functional; gene expression; genes; hepatitis; host; ifn; ifnar-/-mice; ifns; increased; independent; induced; induction; infected; infection; interferon; levels; load; mhv; mice; microarray; mouse; network; pcr; post; profiles; profiling; proteins; quantitative; receptor; responses; rna; signalling; study; total; transcriptional; type; viral; virus; vivo; wild cache: cord-299756-m0va36er.txt plain text: cord-299756-m0va36er.txt item: #291 of 445 id: cord-299949-kmn53e2z author: Schultz, Kimberly L.W. title: Immune Responses to Viruses in the CNS date: 2016-05-09 words: 6962 flesch: 21 summary: For recovery after virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS), the essential, nonrenewable nature of neurons requires a fine-tuned immune response that controls virus replication without damaging neuronal function. Thus, the immune responses required for successful clearance and control of virus infections in the CNS are often distinct from those required for clearance from other organs and are characterized by noncytolytic, virus-specific processes. keywords: activation; active; acute; alphavirus; antibody; antigen; antiviral; astrocytes; barrier; bbb; blood; brain; cd4; cd8; cells; central; central nervous; class; clearance; cns; control; coronavirus; critical; cxcl10; cytokine; cytotoxic; dependent; disease; early; encephalitis; encephalomyelitis; endothelial; entry; et al; expression; factors; function; gamma; glial; griffin; human; ifn; immune; immune response; important; induced; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammasome; inflammatory; innate; interferon; levine; long; mechanisms; metcalf; mhc; mhv; mice; microglia; molecules; mouse; nervous; nervous system; neuronal; neurons; neurotropic; nile; nile virus; parenchyma; periphery; persistence; phase; production; rabies; receptors; recruitment; regulation; replication; resident; response; rna; role; signaling; sindbis; sinv; specific; system; t cells; type; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; west; þ t cache: cord-299949-kmn53e2z.txt plain text: cord-299949-kmn53e2z.txt item: #292 of 445 id: cord-300319-9k8zseao author: Cinatl Jr., J. title: Infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus date: 2004 words: 3019 flesch: 35 summary: The present observations demonstrate that SARS-CoV infection elevated mRNA levels of AP-1 subunits c-Fos and c-Jun in intestinal cells which could also increase AP-1 transactivation. Recently, MIF was identified as a major factor produced by intestinal cells in response to microbial infection regulating macrophage emigration, inflammation and cell metabolism [41] . keywords: ace2; acute; analysis; anti; antibody; apoptosis; apoptotic; cells; cellular; chemokines; cl-14; coronavirus; cov; death; different; effects; enterocytes; epithelial; expression; factor; functional; genes; goat; human; ifn; important; infected; infection; interferon; intestinal; levels; lines; macrophage; microarray; model; moi; novel; pathogenesis; patients; pdcd4; pkr; protein; receptor; regulation; replication; respiratory; sars; severe; study; syndrome; type; viral cache: cord-300319-9k8zseao.txt plain text: cord-300319-9k8zseao.txt item: #293 of 445 id: cord-300648-ixiam7qr author: Zhu, Xun title: IFITM3‐containing exosome as a novel mediator for anti‐viral response in dengue virus infection date: 2014-08-30 words: 8303 flesch: 40 summary: In the context, therefore, it would be of great interest to further investigate the biogenesis of IFITM3 exosome as well as its regulation, which might provide important clues for a rationale development of optimal anti-viral strategies. To evaluate the role of IFITM proteins in DENV infection, we generated permanent cell lines stably overexpressing human IFITM 1, 2 or 3, or control vector, respectively, with U937 and HeLa cells ( Fig. keywords: 293t; activity; analysis; anti; antibody; antiviral; assay; basal; binding; blotting; brass; briefly; cells; cellular; control; culture; data; dengue; denv-2; denv-2 infection; dependent; effect; endogenous; entry; et al; exosomes; expression; extracellular; family; fig; flag; fold; following; function; group; hela; hela cells; hepg2; host; huang; human; huvec; huvec cells; ifitm3; ifitm3 cells; ifitm3 protein; ifn; inducible; infected; infection; interferon; level; lines; manufacturer; medium; membrane; min; model; moi; monoclonal; mrna; new; non; pbs; pcr; pmscv; positive; post; protein; purified; real; recipient; response; results; rna; secretion; siifitm3; sinc; sirna; standard; stimulated; study; supernatants; system; t cells; time; transfer; treatment; u937; vector; viral; virus; western cache: cord-300648-ixiam7qr.txt plain text: cord-300648-ixiam7qr.txt item: #294 of 445 id: cord-302340-pw2xqhwa author: Feeley, Eric M. title: IFITM3 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing Cytosolic Entry date: 2011-10-27 words: 9276 flesch: 47 summary: When analyzed by flow cytometry, we observed no appreciable difference in surface bound HA between the vector and IFITM3 cells. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the total LTRed fluorescent signal in both the MDCK and A549 IFITM3 cell lines when compared to controls (Fig. 8C ). keywords: a549; acidic; analysis; antiviral; assay; blam; block; blue; buffer; ccf2; cells; compartments; confocal; consistent; control; cytometry; cytosol; cytosolic; data; dna; early; endocytosis; endogenous; endosomal; endosomes; entry; envelope; experiments; expression; family; fibroblasts; fig; figure; flow; fusion; green; h1n1; high; host; human; ice; ifitm3; ifitm3 cells; ifitmdel2/2; ifn; images; increased; independent; indicated; infected; infection; influenza; inhibited; inhibition; inhibits; interferon; invitrogen; lamp1; late; levels; lines; ltred; lysosomal; lysosomes; mdck; media; mefs; members; membrane; min; mxa; necessary; nuclear; nucleus; overexpression; p.i; pbs; pr8; protein; pseudoparticles; rab7; replication; representative; restriction; results; shifitm3; shrna; signal; similar; software; staining; structures; studies; sufficient; surface; times; translocation; treatment; vector; viral; virus; viruses; vpr; vrna; vrnp; vsv; wi-38; work; wsn/33 cache: cord-302340-pw2xqhwa.txt plain text: cord-302340-pw2xqhwa.txt item: #295 of 445 id: cord-302401-oyhzn2kc author: Li, Chenxi title: Duck karyopherin α4 (duKPNA4) is involved in type I interferon expression and the antiviral response against Japanese encephalitis virus date: 2019-11-05 words: 5265 flesch: 42 summary: IFN expression, probably via the duIRF7-mediated type I IFN signaling pathway, in contrast to mammalian KPNA4. JEV NS5 protein competitively binds KPNA4 and inhibits the nuclear translocation of IFN transcription factors, thus suppressing IFN expression (Ye et al., 2017) . keywords: analysis; antibody; antiviral; cells; control; cytoplasm; defs; different; ducks; duirf7; dukpna4; et al; expression; fig; functions; gene; human; ifn; ifn expression; immune; importin; infection; irf3; jev; levels; mrna; myc; nuclear; nucleus; pcr; poly(i; presence; protein; qrt; replication; response; role; sequence; sidukpna4; signaling; specific; spf; stimulation; tissues; translocation; type; vector; virus; western cache: cord-302401-oyhzn2kc.txt plain text: cord-302401-oyhzn2kc.txt item: #296 of 445 id: cord-302953-gr2kk9w4 author: Baxter, Victoria K. title: Interferon-Gamma Modulation of the Local T Cell Response to Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis date: 2020-01-16 words: 10542 flesch: 45 summary: T cells were not different, but the percentage of CD8 + T cells producing granzyme B ( Figure 9N ) was lower in WT mice than mice with impaired IFN-γ signaling. CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK cells were examined for cytokine production during Phase 1 (5 and 7 DPI), Phase 2 (10 and 14 DPI), and Phase 3 (90 DPI) of infection. keywords: alphavirus; antibody; antiviral; autophagy; brain; cd4; cd8; cells; central; clearance; clns; cns; comparable; cord; course; cytotoxic; data; dpi; effect; encephalitis; encephalomyelitis; expression; figure; flow; function; gamma; gbp2; genes; granzyme; higher; hpi; ifn; ifng −/−; ifngr1; immune; impaired; impaired ifn; induction; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibits; interferon; isgs; levels; likely; lower; memory; mice; mononuclear; mouse; mrnas; nervous; neurons; nk cells; numbers; pcr; percentage; phase; point; present; production; protein; reactivation; replication; resident; response; results; rna; role; signaling; sindbis; sinv; sinv infection; specific; spinal; studies; system; t cells; time; tissue; type; usa; viperin; viral; viral rna; virus; virus infection; viruses; wt mice; −/− cache: cord-302953-gr2kk9w4.txt plain text: cord-302953-gr2kk9w4.txt item: #297 of 445 id: cord-303189-ktl4jw8v author: Coccia, Eliana M. title: Early IFN type I response: Learning from microbial evasion strategies date: 2015-03-31 words: 15234 flesch: 32 summary: Strategies, identified so far, include viral proteins that bind ISG15 or that remove ISG15 from target proteins (reviewed in [237] ). Similarly, some identified targets of viral proteins in PRR signaling pathways might be turned out to be new targets for treating a range of diseases. keywords: ability; acids; activation; activity; acute; adaptive; adaptor; alpha; antagonism; antiviral; associated; bacterial; binding; blocking; blocks; c virus; cells; cellular; chronic; common; complex; components; control; core; coronavirus; cov; cytosolic; degradation; dendritic; dengue; denv; dependent; detection; different; disease; dna; domain; downstream; dsrna; ebola; ebov; effect; effector; essential; evasion; expression; factor; family; fig; flaviviruses; function; gene; hcv; hepatitis; high; hiv-1; host; human; identification; ifn; ifn response; ifn system; ikk; immune; immune response; immunity; important; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibits; innate; innate immune; interaction; interferon; intracellular; irf1; irf3; irf7; isg15; isgs; jak; kinase; levels; like; macrophages; manner; mavs; mechanisms; membrane; mers; methyltransferase; microbial; mitochondrial; molecular; molecules; mrna; non; ns4b; ns5; ns5a; nuclear; nucleic; number; pact; pamps; papain; pathogens; pathway; patients; phosphorylation; pkr; plp; production; protease; protein; prrs; recent; receptors; recognition; region; regulation; regulatory; related; replication; respiratory; response; restriction; results; rig; rna; role; sars; sensing; sensor; severe; signaling; specific; stat1; sting; strategies; structural; syndrome; system; target; tbk1; tlr3; toll; transcription; tuberculosis; type; tyrosine; ubiquitin; usp18; viral; virus; viruses; vp24; vp35; wnv cache: cord-303189-ktl4jw8v.txt plain text: cord-303189-ktl4jw8v.txt item: #298 of 445 id: cord-303344-4aeu9n5v author: Honke, Nadine title: Multiple functions of USP18 date: 2016-11-03 words: 5927 flesch: 37 summary: 3, 13 However, a low but clearly detectable level of USP18 expression has been seen in bone marrow, adipose tissue, and lung tissue. A high level of USP18 expression has also been measured in peritoneal macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages 3, 13 and in two murine monocyte-related cell lines, RAW 264.7 and M1. keywords: absence; activation; activity; adaptive; addition; alpha; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; autoimmune; beta; binding; box; cancer; cells; dcs; deficient; development; diabetes; differentiation; diseases; effect; enzymatic; enzyme; essential; expression; family; figure; functions; gene; growth; high; human; ifn; ifnar2; important; increase; induced; infection; inhibits; interferon; isg15; isgylation; isopeptidase; knockout; leads; levels; like; macrophages; mice; mouse; multiple; mutation; negative; pathway; production; protease; protein; regulation; replication; response; results; role; signaling; specific; studies; study; system; th17; trail; treatment; tumor; tumorigenesis; type; ubiquitin; ubp43; usp18; viral; virus cache: cord-303344-4aeu9n5v.txt plain text: cord-303344-4aeu9n5v.txt item: #299 of 445 id: cord-303893-47lxq8pi author: Jalkanen, Juho title: Interferon beta-1a for COVID-19: critical importance of the administration route date: 2020-06-12 words: 1277 flesch: 41 summary: Severely ill COVID-19 patients with increased levels of plasma cytokines (especially IL-6) show signs of immune exhaustion and poor IFN responses [13] . Prior corner stone PK studies investigating s.c. vs. i.v. administration of IFN-beta-1a conclude that s.c. administration produces significantly lower drug concentrations and incomplete bioavailability compared to i.v. dosing. keywords: administration; anti; ards; beta; beta-1a; bioavailability; cd73; clinical; corticosteroids; covid-19; dosing; i.v; ifn; ill; interferon; jalkanen; lung; patients; recent; respiratory; responses; s.c; treatment; trial; type; viral cache: cord-303893-47lxq8pi.txt plain text: cord-303893-47lxq8pi.txt item: #300 of 445 id: cord-304330-egvdvvtx author: Damsky, William title: When interferon tiptoes through COVID-19: Pernio-like lesions and their prognostic implications during SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-06-19 words: 443 flesch: 25 summary: Characterization of 87 acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 88 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak Chilblains in children in 91 the setting of COVID 19 pandemic COVID-19) infection-94 induced chilblains: A case report with histopathologic findings Classification of the 97 cutaneous manifestations of COVID 19: a rapid prospective nationwide 98 consensus study in Spain with 375 cases Pernio-like skin lesions associated 101 with COVID-19: a case series of 318 patients from 8 countries Type I IFN immunoprofiling in 104 COVID-19 patients Imbalanced Host Response to Together, these data suggest that COVID toes may be a 46 marker of patients that are able to mount a robust anti-viral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and prognosticate a milder course of COVID-19. keywords: course; covid-19; ifn; lesions; patients; pernio; response; type; viral cache: cord-304330-egvdvvtx.txt plain text: cord-304330-egvdvvtx.txt item: #301 of 445 id: cord-304457-8g36h1bz author: Idelsis, E.-M. title: Effect and safety of combination of interferon alpha-2b and gamma or interferon alpha-2b for negativization of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Preliminary results of a randomized controlled clinical trial. date: 2020-08-01 words: 5864 flesch: 40 summary: Negativization for HeberFERON treated patients was related to a significant increase in lymphocytes counts and an also significant reduction in CRP as early as 7 days after commencing the therapeutic schedule. Earlier increase in lymphocytes percentage was observed only for HeberFERON treated patients (p=0.0141) with a marked trend for increment in lymphocytes concentrations. keywords: acute; alpha; alpha2b; analysis; antiviral; august; author; cigb; clinical; cohort; combination; control; copyright; copyright holder; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cuba; days; disease; early; funder; gamma; group; havana; heberferon; heberon; holder; hospital; ifn; ifns; infected; infection; inflammatory; interferon; laboratory; license; medrxiv; negative; negativization; parameters; patients; pcr; peer; peer review; permission; perpetuity; positive; preprint; randomized; reduction; respiratory; response; results; reuse; review; rights; rna; sars; severe; significant; start; study; symptomatic; symptoms; syndrome; time; treatment; trial; type; version; viral; years; α2b cache: cord-304457-8g36h1bz.txt plain text: cord-304457-8g36h1bz.txt item: #302 of 445 id: cord-304553-gbwb7fqi author: Christopher, Mary E. title: Broad-Spectrum Drugs Against Viral Agents date: 2008-09-01 words: 11349 flesch: 31 summary: Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection Avian flu: isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from Local delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces rapid changes in the genital mucosa and inhibits replication, but not entry, of herpes simplex virus type 2 A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA Novel adjuvant systems CpG motifs in bacterial DNA and their immune effects Characterization of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes with distinct immunostimulatory activities Recognition of single-stranded RNA viruses by Toll-like receptor 7 Memory CD8+ T cells provide an early source of IFN-gamma Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses Involvement of toll-like receptor 3 in the immune response of lung epithelial cells to doublestranded RNA and influenza A virus Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells CpG and double-stranded RNA trigger human NK cells by Toll-like receptors: induction of cytokine release and cytotoxicity against tumors and dendritic cells Virus-cell interactions in the induction of type 1 interferon by influenza virus in mouse spleen cells Activation of mast cells by doublestranded RNA: evidence for activation through Toll-like receptor 3 Langerhans cells exhibit low responsiveness to double-stranded RNA Viral infection and Toll-like receptor agonists induce a differential expression of type I and lambda interferons in human plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells A modified polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex that induces interferon in primates Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of poly(I,C)-LC against Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice Involvement of Toll-like receptors in the immune response of nasal polyp epithelial cells Double-stranded RNA activates RANTES gene transcription through co-operation of nuclear factor-kappaB and interferon regulatory factors in human airway epithelial cells Synthetic double-stranded RNA induces multiple genes related to inflammation through Toll-like receptor 3 depending on NF-kappaB and/or IRF-3 in airway epithelial cells Role of protein kinase R in double-stranded RNA-induced expression of nitric oxide synthase in human astroglia Vaccine adjuvant effects, and immune response, to synthetic polymers MVE and poly ICLC Increase in liver-associated natural killer activity by polyribonucleotides Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of poly(IC.LC) against respiratory influenza A virus infection in mice Role of RIG-I, MDA-5, and PKR on the expression of inflammatory chemokines induced by synthetic dsRNA in airway epithelial cells Polyinosinic acid is a ligand for toll-like receptor 3 Lack of correlation between interferon levels induced by polyribonucleotides and their antimetastatic effect A comparison of interferon responses to poly ICLC in males and females A comparison of interferon responses to poly ICLC in males and females Immunoadjuvant effects of polyadenylic:polyuridylic acids through TLR3 and TLR7 Successful prophylaxis against rabies in mice and Rhesus monkeys: the interferon system and vaccine Antiviral and immunomodulating inhibitors of experimentally-induced Punta Toro virus infections Prophylaxis of acute respiratory virus infections using nucleic acid-based drugs Induction of antiviral immunity by double-stranded RNA in a marine invertebrate Effect of a nuclease-resistant derivative of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid complex on yellow fever in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Protective and toxic effects of a nuclease-resistant derivative of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid on Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in rhesus monkeys The effects of polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (pI:C) on the GVH reaction: immunopathological observations Liposomemediated immunotherapy against respiratory influenza virus infection using double-stranded RNA poly ICLC Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of poly(I,C)-LC against Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice Ranking of prophylactic efficacy of poly(ICLC) against Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice by incremental relative risk of death Correlation between breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and disease outcome of viral encephalitis in mice Evaluation of immunomodulators, interferons and known in vitro SARS-coV inhibitors for inhibition of SARS-coV replication in BALB/c mice Effect of interferon-alpha and interferon-inducers on West Nile virus in mouse and hamster animal models Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of poly(ICLC) and ribavirin combinations against Rift Valley fever virus infection in mice Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with polyinosinic-polycytidylic lysine carboxymethylcellulose Synthetic double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) combined with mucosal vaccine protects against influenza virus infection Cross-Protection against H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection Is Afforded by Intranasal Inoculation with Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Intranasal immunization with H5N1 vaccine plus Poly I:Poly C(12)U, a Toll-like receptor agonist, protects mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge. keywords: able; acid; activation; activity; adjuvant; administration; agents; agonist; alpha; ampligen; anti; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; avian; bacterial; brain; cancer; cells; cellular; challenge; clinical; combination; cpg; cpg odns; cytokine; dendritic; dependent; disease; dna; dose; double; drug; dsrna; early; effective; effects; efficacy; encapsulation; enhanced; epithelial; expression; factor; fever; gamma; h5n1; h5n1 influenza; hepatitis; higher; host; human; iclc; ifn; il-12; il-6; immune; immunity; immunostimulatory; increase; induction; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; inhibition; innate; interferon; intracellular; intranasal; lethal; levels; ligand; like; liposome; lower; lymphocytes; macrophages; mice; motifs; mouse; multiple; murine; non; novel; number; odn; odns; oligodeoxynucleotides; oligonucleotides; pandemic; pathogens; pathway; patients; phase; phosphorothioate; poly; poly(i; polyribocytidylic; polyriboinosinic; post; potential; pr/8/34; production; proliferation; protective; protein; receptor; recognition; replication; resistant; respiratory; response; results; rna; role; sequence; significant; single; species; specific; stimulation; studies; study; survival; synthetic; system; systemic; th1; therapeutic; tlr3; tlr7; tlr9; tnf; toll; toxicity; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-304553-gbwb7fqi.txt plain text: cord-304553-gbwb7fqi.txt item: #303 of 445 id: cord-304993-t4rua95e author: Jung, Kwonil title: The Effects of Simvastatin or Interferon-α on Infectivity of Human Norovirus Using a Gnotobiotic Pig Model for the Study of Antivirals date: 2012-07-23 words: 7085 flesch: 42 summary: Different HBGA phenotypes (A or H) were shown to influence susceptibility of Gn pigs to HuNoV infection In our study, although HuNoV infection of Gn pigs induced mild enteric disease, Gn pigs were susceptible to oral infection by the GII.4 HS194 strain, which reaffirms the results of our previous studies using a closely related GII.4 HuNoV (HS66 strain) keywords: animal; antigens; antiviral; blood; cells; cellular; cholesterol; clinical; data; day; days; diarrhea; disease; duration; effects; enhanced; expression; factor; fecal; fig; findings; gene; gii.4; gn pigs; groups; hbga; high; host; hours; hs194; human; hunov; immunity; infected; infection; infectivity; innate; interferon; intestinal; ipec; irf3; ldlr; levels; like; log; lower; macrophages; mean; model; nfkb; nhifn; norovirus; oral; p,0.05; pams; pcr; period; pid; pids; pigs; poly; porcine; positive; production; qrt; related; replication; responses; rna; serum; shedding; similar; simvastatin; statins; strain; study; tissues; titers; tlr3; treatment; trials; type; untreated; viral; virus; vitro cache: cord-304993-t4rua95e.txt plain text: cord-304993-t4rua95e.txt item: #304 of 445 id: cord-305093-og4k3fc7 author: Konno, Yoriyuki title: SARS-CoV-2 ORF3b is a potent interferon antagonist whose activity is increased by a naturally occurring elongation variant date: 2020-09-04 words: 3204 flesch: 47 summary: One prominent feature that distinguishes COVID-19 from SARS in terms 85 of immune responses is the poor induction of a type I interferon (IFN-I To test this hypothesis, we monitored 121 human IFNB1 promoter activity in the presence of ORF3b of SARS-CoV-2 122 (Wuhan-Hu-1) and SARS-CoV (Tor2) using a luciferase reporter assay. keywords: accession; activity; anti; antibody; assay; bats; cells; cov; cov-2; differences; ecuador; expression; figure; gene; hek293; hu-1; ifn; interferon; irf3; length; luciferase; orf3b; proteins; related; sars; sequences; sev; significant; table; tor2; variant; vector; viral; viruses cache: cord-305093-og4k3fc7.txt plain text: cord-305093-og4k3fc7.txt item: #305 of 445 id: cord-305263-fgwf6wy3 author: Wang, Ben X. title: The yin and yang of viruses and interferons date: 2012-02-07 words: 6295 flesch: 31 summary: Remarkably, distinct highly pathogenic respiratory viruses, namely influenza viruses and the SARS-CoV, encode nonstructural proteins in their genomes that function as virulence factors that specifically target the host innate IFN response, further emphasizing the importance of IFNs as broad-spectrum antivirals. IFN therapy therefore has the advantage over DAA treatments in that, in addition to stimulating genes that block viral replication in infected cells, IFNs activate other innate and adaptive immune responses to combat the virus. Polymorphisms in genes encoding factors involved in different stages of the IFN response can lead to marked differences in susceptibility to virus infection and severity of disease, and can also serve as predictive markers for the outcome of IFN treatment. keywords: able; activation; activity; acute; addition; alfacon-1; alpha; antiviral; binding; broad; cells; chronic; clinical; combination; complex; coronavirus; cov; daa; different; direct; disease; domain; effective; effects; expression; factors; gene; hbeag; hbv; hcv; hepatitis; herpes; host; human; ifn; ifn response; ifnar; ifns; immune; immune response; inducible; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibit; inhibition; innate; interferon; irf3; kinase; mechanisms; ns1; ns5a; nsp1; nuclear; patients; peg; phosphorylation; pkr; primary; production; protein; receptor; replication; resistant; respiratory; response; ribavirin; rna; sars; severe; signaling; simplex; specific; spectrum; stages; stat; syndrome; system; target; therapy; treatment; type; viral; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-305263-fgwf6wy3.txt plain text: cord-305263-fgwf6wy3.txt item: #306 of 445 id: cord-305315-0qt7eth0 author: Cao, Liyan title: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus inhibits dsRNA-induced interferon-β production in porcine intestinal epithelial cells by blockade of the RIG-I-mediated pathway date: 2015-08-18 words: 4258 flesch: 43 summary: As the key IFN-β transcription factors, we found that dsRNA-induced activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) was inhibited after PEDV infection, but not nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). In the upstream of IRF-3, TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)-or inhibitor of κB kinase-ε (IKKε)-mediated IFN-β production was not blocked by PEDV, while RIG-I-and its adapter molecule IFN-β promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1)-mediated IFN-β production were completely inhibited after PEDV infection. keywords: activation; activity; anti; antibody; assay; beta; cells; control; coronavirus; data; diarrhea; dsrna; dual; epidemic; epithelial; experiments; expression; fig; host; iecs; ifn; ikkε; immune; induction; infected; infection; inhibited; innate; interferon; intestinal; irf-3; kinase; line; luciferase; mock; moi; p65; pathway; pedv; plasmids; poly; porcine; production; promoter; protein; rabbit; reporter; response; rig; signaling; system; tbk1; transcription; type; usa; virus cache: cord-305315-0qt7eth0.txt plain text: cord-305315-0qt7eth0.txt item: #307 of 445 id: cord-305959-x061q8t7 author: Davoudi-Monfared, Effat title: A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 date: 2020-08-20 words: 4746 flesch: 46 summary: In this randomized clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of IFN ␤-1a were evaluated in patients with severe COVID-19. The present study was the first randomized, open-label, controlled trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of IFN ␤-1a in the treatment of patients diagnosed with severe COVID-19. keywords: -1a; administration; admission; adverse; analysis; antiviral; cases; clinical; combination; complications; control; control group; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; days; different; disease; early; effects; efficacy; group; higher; hospital; ifn; ifn group; ifns; injection; interferon; late; lopinavir; medications; mers; mortality; national; outcomes; patients; primary; protocol; rate; reaction; remdesivir; respiratory; response; results; ritonavir; sars; scale; severe; study; symptoms; syndrome; time; treatment; trial; use; ventilation; β-1a cache: cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt plain text: cord-305959-x061q8t7.txt item: #308 of 445 id: cord-306424-gf0bglm0 author: Scutigliani, Enzo Maxim title: Interaction of the innate immune system with positive-strand RNA virus replication organelles date: 2017-06-27 words: 8337 flesch: 30 summary: Therefore, detection of viral RNA and the subsequent induction of antiviral effector mechanisms play an important part in the onset of an antiviral state in the context of RNA virus infections. ROs are therefore believed to have a dual role in +RNA virus infection and innate immune evasion, which will be elaborated on further in this review. keywords: activation; activity; acute; adaptor; addition; antiviral; antiviral innate; antiviral signaling; associated; autophagy; cells; cellular; complex; conjugation; coronavirus; cov; dengue; denv; detection; disruption; dmvs; evasion; example; expression; factor; formation; function; gondii; granule; gtpases; hcv; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; important; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibits; innate; innate immune; interaction; interferon; intracellular; inv; jev; lc3; like; mams; mavs; mechanisms; membrane; mitochondrial; multiple; pathway; pkr; process; production; protease; protein; pvs; recent; receptors; recognition; replication; respiratory; response; rig; rna; rna replication; rna viruses; role; ros; sars; self; severe; sgs; signaling; state; sting; strand; stress; structures; studies; syndrome; system; targeting; translation; type; ubiquitin; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-306424-gf0bglm0.txt plain text: cord-306424-gf0bglm0.txt item: #309 of 445 id: cord-306533-lvm11o4r author: Woo, Bean title: Regulatory interplay between deubiquitinating enzymes and cytokines date: 2019-06-08 words: 7634 flesch: 45 summary: When HEK293 T cells were transfected with markers of co-IP and UL36USP or the C40A (a DUB motif mutant) and then infected with SeV, the result showed reduction of ubiquitination of TRAF3 in cells with WT UL36USP, while C40A has no reduction of UL36USP's ubiquitination [48] . A study by Leznicki et al. introduced three isoforms of USP3 in HEK293 cells: keywords: a20; activation; activity; antiviral; apoptosis; cancer; cells; cezanne; complex; cov; cyld; cytokine; degradation; dependent; deubiquitinase; deubiquitinating; dna; domain; dr5; dub; dubs; effect; enzyme; expression; factor; function; gene; hek293; human; ifn; il-1β; il-6; immune; increase; induced; inducible; induction; inhibited; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; k63; kappab; knockout; level; like; mcpip1; mda5; mrna; murine; mutant; novel; orf64; otulin; papain; pathway; plp2; polyub; production; protease; protein; receptor; responses; result; rig; sev; signaling; specific; stimulation; sting; study; tnf; traf6; trail; type; ubiquitination; ul36usp; usp18; usp25; usp3; usp4; virus cache: cord-306533-lvm11o4r.txt plain text: cord-306533-lvm11o4r.txt item: #310 of 445 id: cord-307333-n6jc0jy3 author: Selvaggi, Carla title: Interferon lambda 1–3 expression in infants hospitalized for RSV or HRV associated bronchiolitis date: 2014-01-02 words: 6126 flesch: 41 summary: Therefore it is conceivable that the presence of reduced airway IFN lambda response in HRV infected infants than in those with RSV infections could reflect the presence of a milder bronchiolititis clinical course caused by HRV compared to that associated to RSV. This analysis could allow us to deep understand the complex picture of the airway IFN lambda response as well as the intensity and the dynamic nature of the antiviral and inflammatory pathways associated to type III IFN response during pediatric lower respiratory tract infections. keywords: activation; acute; addition; airway; analysis; antiviral; associated; breaths; bronchiolitis; cells; children; clinical; collected; correlation; course; cytokines; differences; different; disease; epithelial; expression; gene; higher; hrv; human; ifn; ifn lambda; ifns; iii; immune; infants; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; isg56; isgs; lambda; levels; min; mxa; nasopharyngeal; particular; pcr; positive; presence; present; primer; rate; respiratory; response; results; rhinovirus; rna; role; rsv; severity; significant; strains; studies; study; subtypes; syncytial; table; tract; type; viral; virus; viruses; washings; wheezing cache: cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt plain text: cord-307333-n6jc0jy3.txt item: #311 of 445 id: cord-307598-p54p7enk author: Schlee, Martin title: Master sensors of pathogenic RNA – RIG-I like receptors date: 2013-07-01 words: 12877 flesch: 39 summary: Hornung et al. , 2002 Judge et al. 2005; Krieg et al. 1995) , reviewed in (Barchet et al. 2008; Schlee et al. 2007 Schlee et al. , 2006 . In contrast to TLR7, 8 and 9, TLR3 is expressed in more cell types (e.g. endothelial cells, fibroblasts, astrocytes) (Barchet et al. 2008; Schlee et al. 2007) and was found to detect long double-stranded RNA (Alexopoulou et al. 2001) . keywords: acids; activate; activation; activity; alpha; amino; amounts; antiviral; associated; backbone; bacterial; base; basis; beta; binding; blunt; cards; cells; cleavage; colleagues; complementary; conserved; contrast; crucial; crystal; ctd; cytosol; cytosolic; data; deficient; dependent; dna; domain; double; dsrna; e.g.; ends; essential; et al; fig; form; genome; genomic; hairpin; helicase; high; host; human; ifn; iii; immune; immunity; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interaction; interferon; intracellular; kato; kato et; kolakofsky; length; lgp2; ligand; like; lines; listeria; long; manner; marques; mavs; mda5; mechanism; molecular; monocytes; monocytogenes; mrna; murine; negative; non; note; overhangs; panhandle; pathway; phage; polymerase; ppp; ppprna; products; protein; receptor; recognition; replication; response; results; rig; rna; rnas; role; saito; saito et; schlee; schlee et; schmidt; self; sendai; sequence; short; signaling; single; small; species; stimulation; strand; structure; studies; synthesis; synthetic; takahasi; takahasi et; target; terminal; transcribed; transcription; transcripts; triphosphate; triphosphorylated; type; viral; virus; viruses; vivo; wang; wang et cache: cord-307598-p54p7enk.txt plain text: cord-307598-p54p7enk.txt item: #312 of 445 id: cord-307813-elom30nx author: Yip, Tsz-Fung title: Advancements in Host-Based Interventions for Influenza Treatment date: 2018-07-10 words: 15110 flesch: 27 summary: Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections Protection from lethal influenza virus challenge by oral type 1 interferon Low-dose oral interferon alpha as prophylaxis against viral respiratory illness: a double-blind, parallel controlled trial during an influenza pandemic year IFNlambda is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNalpha treatment Pathogenic potential of interferon alphabeta in acute influenza infection The superiority of IFN-lambda as a therapeutic candidate to control acute influenza viral lung infection Type I interferon induction during influenza virus infection increases susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by negative regulation of gammadelta T cells Interferon-lambda mediates non-redundant front-line antiviral protection against influenza virus infection without compromising host fitness RIG-I activation protects and rescues from lethal influenza virus infection and bacterial superinfection Antiviral effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor on H5N1 infection in vitro Avian influenza A H7N9 virus induces severe pneumonia in mice without prior adaptation and responds to a combination of zanamivir and COX-2 inhibitor Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in H5N1 viral pathogenesis and the potential use of its inhibitors Targeted prostaglandin E2 inhibition enhances antiviral immunity through induction of type I interferon and apoptosis in macrophages Modified Jiu Wei Qiang Huo decoction improves dysfunctional metabolomics in influenza A pneumoniainfected mice Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation Cutting edge: There is an urgent need to search for alternative targets to treat influenza virus infections, including non-viral targets such as host cellular factors; which are promising as viruses rely on the host machinery for replication. keywords: activation; activity; acute; addition; administration; airway; alpha; alveolar; antigen; antiviral; approach; atpase; avian; barrier; broad; budding; cd151; cd8; cells; cellular; cholesterol; class; cleavage; clinical; complex; complexes; control; cycle; cytokine; cytoplasm; damage; data; dcs; death; dendritic; dependent; development; different; disease; drug; early; effects; encephalopathy; endosomal; endosome; entry; epithelial; export; expression; factors; functions; fusion; genome; h1n1; h5n1; h7n9; hdac6; high; host; human; iav; iav infection; iav replication; ifn; ifns; iii; il-27; il-6; ilc2; immune; important; increased; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; influenza infection; influenza virus; inhibitor; inhibits; injury; innate; interferon; interventions; intracellular; involvement; knockdown; known; late; lethal; levels; like; lipid; low; lung; lymphoid; macrophages; major; mechanism; mek; membrane; metabolism; mice; molecular; morbidity; mortality; mrna; nadph; neutrophils; new; novel; nox2; nuclear; nucleus; observed; oseltamivir; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathway; patients; phase; plasma; post; potential; production; promising; propagation; protease; protective; protein; rab11a; rate; recent; receptors; regulation; release; replication; research; resistance; respiratory; response; rig; role; ros; serine; severe; severity; signaling; site; small; specific; spectrum; strains; studies; study; survival; susceptibility; targeting; targets; therapeutic; therapy; tissue; titer; tlr3; tlr4; tlrs; tnf; toll; translation; transport; treatment; type; viral; virus; virus infection; virus replication; viruses; vitro; vivo; vrnp; xpo1 cache: cord-307813-elom30nx.txt plain text: cord-307813-elom30nx.txt item: #313 of 445 id: cord-307914-lgprrwee author: Bartok, Eva title: Immune Sensing Mechanisms that Discriminate Self from Altered Self and Foreign Nucleic Acids date: 2020-07-14 words: 17786 flesch: 34 summary: Unless modified nucleotides or specific sequences precluding the formation of the complementary strand are used, IVT can potentially generate RIG-I ligands from a variety of templates (Hornung et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2004; Schlee et al., 2009; Both sensors contribute to the immune response to dsRNA viruses, such as reoviridae (Loo et al., 2008) , but RIG-I-mediated sensing dominates the response to many (-) ssRNA viruses such as influenza, which form shorter dsRNA panhandles in their genomes (Rehwinkel et al., 2010; Schlee et al., 2009) , whereas MDA5 has a greater role in the host defense against (+) ssRNA viruses, many of which are known to generate large amounts of dsRNA during replication . keywords: 2'o; accessory; acid; activation; activity; acts; adaptor; adar1; addition; aim2; altered; antiviral; apoptosis; assembly; availability; bacterial; base; binding; box; cap; cap0; caspase; cell; cellular; cgamp; cgas; cleavage; cpg; cyclic; cytokines; cytosolic; cytosolic dna; damage; date; death; defense; deficiency; degradation; dependent; dexd; disease; distinct; distinction; dna; domain; double; downstream; dsrna; editing; effector; endogenous; endolysosome; endosomal; essential; et al; evolutionary; exonuclease; exosome; expression; factor; family; field; figure; finger; form; formation; functions; gao et; gene; genome; genomic; hartmann; helicase; host; human; ifi16; ifn; iii; immune; immunity; important; induced; induction; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; influenza; innate; innate immune; interaction; interferon; intracellular; irf3; irf5; ivt; kinase; length; lgp2; ligands; like; localization; long; longer; machinery; macrophages; mammalian; mavs; mda5; mechanisms; methylation; mice; modifications; molecular; molecules; monocytes; motifs; mouse; mrna; multiple; murine; necessary; necroptosis; nlrp3; non; note; nuclear; nucleases; nucleic; ostendorf; particular; pathogens; pathway; pcd; pkr; pld3; pld4; pocket; polyi; precise; primary; processing; production; products; protein; pyroptosis; recent; receptor; recognition; regulated; release; replication; reported; research; response; restriction; rich; rig; rna; rnai; rnase; role; rrna; samhd1; schlee; second; secondary; self; self dna; senses; sensing; sensor; sequence; signaling; single; species; specific; ssdna; stimulatory; sting; strand; strategy; structures; studies; study; synthesis; system; termini; terminus; tlr3; tlr7; tlr8; tlr9; toll; transcription; transcripts; translation; trex1; triphosphate; type; unclear; unique; unknown; unmethylated; variants; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses; zcchc3 cache: cord-307914-lgprrwee.txt plain text: cord-307914-lgprrwee.txt item: #314 of 445 id: cord-308142-3x3n6cpt author: Lee, Nelson title: Chikungunya Fever, Hong Kong date: 2006-11-17 words: 1723 flesch: 41 summary: In the Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak Tracking the re-emergence of epidemic chikungunya virus in Indonesia Principles and practice of clinical virology Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome Characterization of cytokine/ chemokine profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease Systemic host inflammatory and coagulation response in the Dengue virus primoinfection Elevated plasma interleukin-10 levels in acute dengue correlate with disease severity In vitro inhibition of Chikungunya and Semliki Forest viruses replication by antiviral compounds: synergistic effect of interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nonpegylated and pegylated forms of recombinant human alpha interferon 2a for suppression of dengue virus viremia in rhesus monkeys Serum specimens taken on days 2 and 6 were positive for chikungunya virus RNA by in-house reverse transcription (RT)-PCR at the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) (targeting the nonstructural protein-1 keywords: acute; available; ccl2; chikungunya; clinical; concentrations; cov; cxcl10; cxcl9; cytokine; days; dengue; disease; elevated; h5n1; health; high; ifn; illness; infections; influenza; laboratory; positive; public; respiratory; response; results; samples; sars; serum; severe; testing; threats; virus cache: cord-308142-3x3n6cpt.txt plain text: cord-308142-3x3n6cpt.txt item: #315 of 445 id: cord-308298-5ntdb8yf author: Mair, Kerstin H title: Porcine CD8α(dim/-)NKp46(high) NK cells are in a highly activated state date: 2013-03-01 words: 7673 flesch: 49 summary: Correlation between surface density of NKp46 and natural cytotoxicity against autologous, allogeneic or xenogeneic target cells CD94 surface density identifies a functional intermediary between the CD56bright and CD56dim human NK-cell subsets Analysis of natural killer cells in TAP2-deficient patients: expression of functional triggering receptors and evidence for the existence of inhibitory receptor(s) that prevent lysis of normal autologous cells Maturation of mouse NK cells is a 4-stage developmental program Synergy among receptors on resting NK cells for the activation of natural cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion Roles of the NKG2D immunoreceptor and its ligands Induced recruitment of NK cells to lymph nodes provides IFNγ for T(H)1 priming Natural killer cell accumulation in tumors is dependent on IFN-γ and CXCR3 ligands Intrasplenic trafficking of natural killer cells is redirected by chemokines upon inflammation IFN-γ acts on T cells to induce NK cell mobilization and accumulation in target organs Porcine CD8α dim/-NKp46 high NK cells are in a highly activated state The authors thank Maria Stadler, Katharina Reutner, Sandra Groiß and Sarah Rosenthaler for their technical support. Thus, our data indicates that CD8α dim/-NKp46 high NK cells in the pig are in a highly activated state. keywords: activity; analysis; anti; antibodies; assays; biosciences; blood; capacity; cd107a; cd16; cd27; cd3; cd8α; cell subsets; cells; chemokine; clone; combination; concentration; control; cxcr3; cytokine; cytolytic; cytotoxicity; data; degranulation; differences; different; dim/-nkp46; elevated; expression; figure; final; flow; fold; functional; high; high nk; higher; highest; human; ifn; igg1; isolated; killer; levels; mabs; markers; member; monoclonal; mouse; mrna; natural; nk cells; nkp46; nkp46 high; nkp46and; pbmc; phenotype; pig; porcine; primers; production; qpcr; receptor; sorted; specific; spleen; splenic; splenic nkp46; stimulation; study; subsets; target; tnf; triggering; usa cache: cord-308298-5ntdb8yf.txt plain text: cord-308298-5ntdb8yf.txt item: #316 of 445 id: cord-308932-pp8etmwq author: Baker, M. L. title: Antiviral Immune Responses of Bats: A Review date: 2012-08-01 words: 8602 flesch: 34 summary: Pteropid bat cells and cell lines readily secrete IFN in response to stimulation with synthetic TLR ligands including polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (polyIC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), demonstrating that IFN production pathways are functional in bat cells (Stewart et al., 1969a; Crameri et al., 2009; Kepler et al., 2010; Zhou et al., 2011b) . Recently, evidence for differences in the IFN responses of bats and the ability of viruses to evade the IFN response of bat cells have also been described. keywords: ability; activation; activity; adaptive; alecto; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; bats; binding; brasiliensis; cells; chakravarty; characterization; class; complement; consistent; cytokines; differences; different; disease; diversity; drb; et al; evidence; experimental; family; field; fruit; functional; fuscus; genes; genome; giganteus; health; hendra; humans; identification; ifn; ifna; ifnc; ifns; ifnw; igd; iii; immune; immunity; immunoglobulin; immunology; important; induction; infection; innate; interferon; kepler; like; likely; lines; locus; long; lucifugus; lymphocytes; mammals; mechanisms; mhc; mice; microbats; molecular; myotis; nature; novel; number; pha; polymorphism; populations; presence; production; pteropid; pteropus; rabies; recent; receptor; recognition; repertoire; research; reservoirs; responses; results; role; selection; sequences; signalling; similar; single; species; specific; stat1; studies; study; type; vampyrus; variation; virus; viruses; zhou cache: cord-308932-pp8etmwq.txt plain text: cord-308932-pp8etmwq.txt item: #317 of 445 id: cord-309381-cb80ntxs author: Nogales, Aitor title: Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Modulating Influenza A Virus Disease in Humans date: 2019-09-30 words: 10240 flesch: 40 summary: Just as an example mentioned below, IFITM3 is an ISG playing antiviral roles against influenza virus infection and other viruses [59] . B influenza viruses: Basis for the WHO recommendation on the composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 2009-2010 northern hemisphere season Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines The annual impact of seasonal influenza in the US: Measuring disease burden and costs The continual threat of influenza virus infections at the human-animal interface: What is new from a one health perspective? keywords: acid; activation; acute; addition; allele; amino; analysis; antibody; antiviral; association; avian; binding; cd55; cells; change; chinese; class; coding; complement; complex; control; cytokine; dendritic; different; disease; effectiveness; essential; expression; factor; family; functional; gene; genetic; genome; genotype; h1n1; h7n9; hai; hepatitis; hla; host; human; iav; identification; ifitm3; ifn; iiv; il-1b; immune; immunity; impaired; important; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; innate; interferon; interleukin; intron; irf-7; isgs; lectin; levels; like; lung; membrane; mice; minor; molecules; mrna; multiple; mutation; ncr; new; nlrp3; non; nonsyn; nucleotide; pandemic; pathway; patients; polymorphisms; population; production; promoter; protein; receptor; recognition; regions; regulatory; replication; responses; results; review; rig; risk; rna; role; seasonal; severe; severity; signaling; single; site; snps; specific; splice; study; subjects; susceptibility; synonymous; synthesis; system; titers; tlr3; tmprss2; tnf; transcription; type; vaccination; vaccine; variants; variation; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-309381-cb80ntxs.txt plain text: cord-309381-cb80ntxs.txt item: #318 of 445 id: cord-309428-qkjjxr6p author: Li, Liwei title: Host miR-26a suppresses replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by upregulating type I interferons date: 2015-01-02 words: 5108 flesch: 42 summary: We then analyzed the kinetics of miR-26 expression in PRRSV infected PAM cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA) were performed as described previously (Tian et al., 2011) for the detection of nucleocapsid (N) protein in PRRSV vJX143 infected MARC-145 cells or PAMs pre-transfected with miR-26 family or mutant mimics. keywords: antibody; antiviral; assays; cdna; cells; cellular; control; data; different; effect; et al; expression; family; fig; fold; gene; genome; genotypes; growth; host; ifn; immune; immunity; important; infected; infection; innate; interferon; isg15; luciferase; marc-145; micrornas; mimics; mir-26a; mirna; moi; mutants; mx1; non; pams; pcr; porcine; post; production; protein; prrsv; relative; replication; reporter; reproductive; respiratory; response; role; seed; sequence; studies; study; syndrome; table; target; targeting; time; transcription; transfection; type; viral; virus; viruses; vjx143 cache: cord-309428-qkjjxr6p.txt plain text: cord-309428-qkjjxr6p.txt item: #319 of 445 id: cord-309619-glb2y82u author: Domingo, Pere title: The four horsemen of a viral Apocalypse: The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) date: 2020-07-29 words: 9372 flesch: 35 summary: Front Immunol 2020 Relationships among lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and the pulmonary inflammation index in coronavirus (COVID-19) infected patients Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP2 protects against pulmonary tissue necrosis during influenza virus infection to promote host survival T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Adaptive immune cells temper initial innate responses Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): infection, immunological response, and vaccine development Bcl-xL inhibits T-cell apoptosis induced by expression of SARS coronavirus E protein in the absence of growth factors SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion Cell pyroptosis, a potential pathogenic mechanism of 2019-nCoV Infection (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Viroporin 3a activates the NLRP3 inflammasome Caspase-1-dependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Antibody responses against SARS coronavirus are correlated with disease outcome of infected individuals The potential danger of suboptimal antibody responses in COVID-19 The ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin Kidneys and fluids in pressure regulation. COVID-19 patients have high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, macrophage SARS-CoV-2 infects primarily type II pneumocytes through binding to the ACE2 receptor. keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; acute respiratory; additional; aecs; airway; alpha; alveolar; ang-(1à7; ang-(1à7)/mas1r; angiotensin; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; apoptosis; association; at1r; axis; binding; cause; cells; cellular; chemokines; china; clinical; coagulation; converting; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; critical; cytokine; damage; dependent; development; disease; domain; downregulation; dysfunction; early; effects; endothelial; enhanced; entry; enzyme; epithelial; essential; events; expression; factor; failure; feedback; fig; functional; genetic; high; higher; hla; host; human; hyperinflammatory; ifn; il-6; immune; immunity; increase; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; injury; innate; interferon; interleukin; kinase; large; levels; like; loop; lung; macrophages; mechanism; membrane; mers; monocyte; new; non; novel; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathways; patients; phase; platelets; pmn; pneumocytes; pneumonia; polymorphisms; potential; production; promote; protein; pulmonary; pyroptosis; ras; receptor; release; renin; replication; respiratory; response; review; role; sars; sars coronavirus; severe; severity; signaling; single; spike; state; study; syndrome; system; therapy; thrombosis; tissue; tmprss2; tnf; transcription; transmembrane; treatment; trial; turn; type; vascular; venous; viral cache: cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt plain text: cord-309619-glb2y82u.txt item: #320 of 445 id: cord-310252-0cdqhrcw author: Seliger, Barbara title: Chapter 7 IFN Inducibility of Major Histocompatibility Antigens in Tumors date: 2008-12-03 words: 8551 flesch: 31 summary: However, it has been recently demonstrated that tumor cells could be resistant to interferon treatment, which may be associated with an escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. However, it has been suggested that tumor cells might develop either a transient or a permanent IFN insensitivity. keywords: absence; activation; activities; activity; addition; alpha; antigen; antitumor; apm; binding; cancer; carcinoma; cascades; cells; chain; ciita; class; class ii; clinical; complex; components; constitutive; cytokines; dependent; development; different; distinct; domain; effect; et al; expression; factor; fig; gamma; genes; growth; histocompatibility; hla; hla class; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; impaired; induced; inducibility; induction; inhibition; interferon; irf1; jak1; jak2; kinase; like; limited; lines; lmp2; loading; loss; lung; lymphocytes; major; mechanisms; melanoma; metastatic; mhc; mhc class; molecular; molecules; multiple; particular; pathway; patients; peptide; phosphorylation; presentation; processing; promoter; protein; rcc; receptors; regulation; regulatory; relevance; renal; resistance; response; results; role; signal; signaling; site; specific; stat1; surface; tap1; therapy; transactivator; transcription; transduction; treatment; tumor; tumor cells; type; tyrosine; unresponsiveness cache: cord-310252-0cdqhrcw.txt plain text: cord-310252-0cdqhrcw.txt item: #321 of 445 id: cord-310396-jitao9k0 author: Lei, Yu title: MAVS-Mediated Apoptosis and Its Inhibition by Viral Proteins date: 2009-03-07 words: 6050 flesch: 39 summary: Notably, host cell apoptosis is a successful strategy to impede viral replication and restrict virus spreading during a productive infection [6] . Host cell apoptosis has been reported to suppress viral replication and the subsequent production of infectious progeny viruses [19] . keywords: 2/2; activation; acute; addition; annexin; antiviral; apaf-1; apoptosis; apoptotic; assay; buffer; card; caspase; caspase-9; cell; cell death; cleavage; coronavirus; cov; death; dependent; domain; electron; example; expression; fact; fig; function; genes; gfp; hcv; hek293; hepatitis; host; hours; ifn; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; innate; interferon; irf3; known; like; localization; mavs; mefs; membrane; mitochondrial; novel; ns3/4a; nsp15; pathway; plasmid; post; potential; production; protease; protein; replication; respiratory; responses; rig; role; rsev; sars; sendai; severe; signaling; staining; strategies; study; syndrome; transfection; type-1; viability; viral; virus; viruses; wildtype; xtt cache: cord-310396-jitao9k0.txt plain text: cord-310396-jitao9k0.txt item: #322 of 445 id: cord-310444-02dsqbeg author: Mahlakoiv, T. title: P136 Combined action of type I and type III IFN restricts initial replication of SARS-coronavirus in the lung but fails to inhibit systemic virus spread date: 2012-09-30 words: 2289 flesch: 40 summary: key: cord-310444-02dsqbeg authors: Mahlakoiv, T.; Ritz, D.; Enjuanes, L.; Müller, M. A.; Drosten, C.; Staeheli, P. title: P136 Combined action of type I and type III IFN restricts initial replication of SARS-coronavirus in the lung but fails to inhibit systemic virus spread date: 2012-09-30 journal: Cytokine DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.06.228 sha: doc_id: 310444 cord_uid: 02dsqbeg Introduction STAT1-deficient mice are more susceptible to infection with SARS-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) than type I IFN receptor-deficient mice. The increased susceptibility of STAT1-deficient mice is potentially due to the lack of functional type III IFN (IFN-λ) signalling. keywords: bacterial; cells; clearance; conclusion; deficient; dko; expression; foxp3; genotype; gsk3; ifn; il-10; immune; induction; infected; infection; itam; liver; lung; mam; methods; mice; patients; response; results; rna; sars; signaling; stat1; type; viral; virus cache: cord-310444-02dsqbeg.txt plain text: cord-310444-02dsqbeg.txt item: #323 of 445 id: cord-310469-v4p01rze author: Livonesi, Márcia Cristina title: In vitro and in vivo studies of the Interferon-alpha action on distinct Orthobunyavirus date: 2007-02-28 words: 4277 flesch: 49 summary: This system is able to block the spread of virus infection in the body, sometimes at the expense of accelerating the death of the infected cells. IFN-␣ treatment initiated 24 h after infection did not inhibit replication of GROV in the brain tissue of mice. keywords: -2a; able; action; activity; antiviral; assay; brain; brazil; carv; cells; concentration; days; death; dependent; diseases; effect; et al; experiments; fever; fig; gmav; group; grov; guaroa; i.p; ifn-; infected; infection; inhibit; inhibition; interferon; mice; mouse; oropouche; orov; orthobunyaviruses; placebo; plaque; present; protein; replication; results; similar; study; tcmv; treatment; type; vero; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-310469-v4p01rze.txt plain text: cord-310469-v4p01rze.txt item: #324 of 445 id: cord-310861-9kb0b6rq author: Koo, Bonhan title: An isothermal, label-free, and rapid one-step RNA amplification/detection assay for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections date: 2017-04-15 words: 5588 flesch: 51 summary: iROAD assay for viral RNA detection Fig. 1 illustrates the iROAD assay that was designed for the clinical detection of viral RNAs, which were extracted from the nasopharyngeal swab samples with either Influenza (IFN)-A/B or human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43/229E or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-A/B, by the QIAamp viral RNA mini kit. Furthermore, we demonstrated the clinical utility of the iROAD assay by detecting respiratory viral RNAs extracted from the 63 nasopharyngeal samples with either IFN-A/B or HCoV-OC43/229E or RSV-A/B. The iROAD assay combines amplification and detection mechanism of RNA, resulting in increased sensitivity and specificity of viral RNA detection. keywords: amplification; assay; cdna; clinical; control; copies; detection; et al; fig; free; hcov; hcov-229e; human; ifn; iroad; iroad assay; isothermal; label; limit; manner; method; min; negative; oc43; optical; patients; pcr; point; primer; rapid; reaction; real; respiratory; reverse; rna; rnas; rpa; rsv; samples; sensitivity; sensor; shift; shin; silicon; specificity; step; surface; system; target; temperature; time; transcription; true; use; viral; viral rna; virus; wavelength cache: cord-310861-9kb0b6rq.txt plain text: cord-310861-9kb0b6rq.txt item: #325 of 445 id: cord-310942-191m0e65 author: Boga, Jose Antonio title: Beneficial actions of melatonin in the management of viral infections: a new use for this “molecular handyman”? date: 2012-04-18 words: 7229 flesch: 26 summary: A second mechanism is the triggering of effector functions of cellular components of the innate immune system, such as granulocytes, natural killer cells (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells, which are normally rapidly recruited and/or activated at the site of virus infection, causing a local inflammation [125] . Transactions of the The biological properties of interleukin-1 Resistance of interleukin-1 beta-deficient mice to fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis Thermal and behavioural effects of lipopolysaccharide and influenza in interleukin-1 beta deficient mice Vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode a novel secreted interleukin-1-binding protein Arachidonic acid lipoxygenation may mediate interleukin-1 stimulation of nerve growth factor secretion in astroglial cultures Modulation by tumor necrosis factor-a of human astroglial cell production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Cytokine-regulated adhesion between encephalitogenic T lymphocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells A novel role for melatonin: regulation of the expression of cell adhesion molecules in the rat hippocampus and cortex Recognition of doublestranded RNA and activation of NF-jB by Toll-like receptor 3 Identification of NF-kappaB-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virusinfected cells Melatonin decreases TLR3-mediated inflammatory factor expression via inhibition of NFkappa B activation in respiratory syncytial virus-infected RAW264.7 macrophages Role of virus-induced apoptosis in a host defense mechanism against virus infection Enter the kill zone: initiation of death signaling during virus entry Melatonin and cell death: differential actions on apoptosis in normal and cancer cells Melatonin prevents capacitation and apoptotic-like changes in ram spermatozoa and increases fertility Melatonin leucocyte apoptosis induced by intracellular calcium overload: relation with its antioxidant actions Melatonin promotes puromycin-induced apoptosis with activation of caspase-3 and 5 1 -adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-alpha in human leukemia HL-60 cells Programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease Melatonin attenuates apoptotic liver damage in fulminant hepatic failure induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus Autophagy during common bacterial and viral infections of children Varicella-zoster virus infection induces autophagy in both cultured cells and human skin vesicles Autophagy proteins promote hepatitis C virus replication Structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from Rabbit vesivirus-infected Vero cells Remodeling the endoplasmic reticulum by poliovirus infection and by individual viral proteins: an autophagy-like origin for virus-induced vesicles Melatonin modulates autophagy through a redox-mediated action in female Syrian hamster Harderian gland controlling cell types and gland activity Regression of herpes viral infection symptoms using melatonin and SB-73: comparison with Pineal melatonin: cell biology of its synthesis and of its physiological interactions Melatonin: a multitasking molecule A survey of molecular details in the human pineal gland in the light of phylogeny, structure, function and chronobiological diseases Sirtuins, melatonin and circadian rhythms: building a bridge between aging and cancer Melatonin, cardiolipin and mitochondrial bioenergetics in health and disease Melatonin as a therapeutic tool in ophthalmology: implications for glaucoma and uveitis Drug-mediated ototoxicity and tinnitus: alleviation with melatonin Matrix metalloproteinases in health and disease: regulation by melatonin The authors have no competing interest. keywords: ability; acid; actions; activation; activity; acute; administration; aging; antioxidant; antiviral; apoptosis; associated; autophagy; beneficial; brain; cancer; cells; cellular; cytokines; damage; death; decreases; dependent; disease; early; effector; effects; elevated; emcv; encephalitis; enzymes; equine; expression; factor; free; functions; genes; glutathione; hcv; high; host; human; ifn; il-1b; il-2; il-4; immune; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; injury; innate; inos; interferon; levels; like; lipid; liver; lymphocytes; macrophages; mechanisms; melatonin; mice; mitochondrial; molecular; murine; nitric; nitric oxide; non; no•; nuclear; oxidative; oxide; oxygen; peroxidation; pineal; potential; production; properties; protective; proteins; radical; rats; receptors; regulation; related; replication; respiratory; response; rna; role; rsv; serum; signaling; specific; stress; synthase; system; th1; th2; tissue; tnf; treatment; trials; type; veev; venezuelan; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-310942-191m0e65.txt plain text: cord-310942-191m0e65.txt item: #326 of 445 id: cord-311718-z64g8fce author: Chu, Yeonjeong title: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of N-arylpiperazine derivatives as interferon inducers date: 2020-10-16 words: 1978 flesch: 32 summary: For example, tilorone is the first synthetic small-molecule drugs used as orally active IFN inducer which showed efficient anti-viral activity against broad spectrum of viruses including ebola virus and middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-Cov), especially [16] . In this study, we assessed arylpiperazine (ARP) as a new core skeleton of IFN inducer. keywords: activity; agent; anti; arp; arylpiperazine; cancer; derivatives; group; ifn; ifns; immune; inducer; interferon; linker; moiety; molecule; new; pathway; potency; potential; response; results; ring; small; structure; substitution; synthesized; system; therapeutic; toxicity; treatment; type; viral; virus cache: cord-311718-z64g8fce.txt plain text: cord-311718-z64g8fce.txt item: #327 of 445 id: cord-311823-85wj08gr author: Katze, Michael G. title: Innate immune modulation by RNA viruses: emerging insights from functional genomics date: 2008 words: 9163 flesch: 28 summary: The role of RIg-I in the response to influenza virus infection has also been assessed 10 . A relevant observation in this regard is that early stimulation of the respiratory-tract B cells (within 48 hours of influenza virus infection) was shown to be strongly driven by virus-induced type keywords: ability; activation; adaptive; analysis; animals; antigen; antiviral; antiviral response; approaches; attenuated; biology; cells; cellular; computational; cov; data; development; disease; early; evaluation; expression; functional; genes; genomic; global; hcv; hepatitis; high; higher; host; host response; human; ifn; ifn response; ifns; immune; immune response; immunity; immunopathology; important; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; information; innate; innate immune; interactions; interferon; irf3; isgs; levels; liver; macaques; mda5; measles; memory; mice; microarray; model; molecular; mouse; new; nile; non; ns1; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathogenic; pathways; patients; profiling; protein; recognition; replication; respiratory; response; results; rig; rna; role; sars; severe; signalling; specific; strategies; studies; study; systems; target; technologies; therapy; tissue; transcriptional; treatment; type; understanding; vaccine; virus; virus infection; viruses; west cache: cord-311823-85wj08gr.txt plain text: cord-311823-85wj08gr.txt item: #328 of 445 id: cord-312001-8p7scli8 author: Majzoub, Karim title: The Innate Antiviral Response in Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective from Flagellates to Humans date: 2019-08-16 words: 10087 flesch: 37 summary: [corrected] gene induction by the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors Cutting edge: TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 6 is essential for MyD88-dependent pathway but not toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta (TRIF)-dependent pathway in TLR signaling Interferon-alpha induction through Toll-like receptors involves a direct interaction of IRF7 with MyD88 and TRAF6 Helical assembly in the MyD88-IRAK4-IRAK2 complex in TLR/IL-1R signalling Protein kinase IKKbeta-catalyzed phosphorylation of IRF5 at Ser462 induces its dimerization and nuclear translocation in myeloid cells An oligomeric signaling platform formed by the Toll-like receptor signal transducers MyD88 and IRAK-4 IKKbeta is an IRF5 kinase that instigates inflammation Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 plays an essential role for Toll-like receptor (TLR)7-and TLR9-mediated interferon-{alpha} induction Structural basis of RNA recognition and activation by innate immune receptor RIG-I Structural basis for the activation of innate immune pattern-recognition receptor RIG-I by viral RNA MDA5 assembles into a polar helical filament on dsRNA Cooperative assembly and dynamic disassembly of MDA5 filaments for viral dsRNA recognition TRIM25 RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligase is essential for RIG-I-mediated antiviral activity Ubiquitin-induced oligomerization of the RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5 activates antiviral innate immune response Riplet/RNF135, a RING finger protein, ubiquitinates RIG-I to promote interferon-beta induction during the early phase of viral infection The ubiquitin ligase Riplet is essential for RIG-I-dependent innate immune responses to RNA virus infection IPS-1, an adaptor triggering RIG-I-and Mda5-mediated type I interferon induction Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-kappaB and IRF 3 Essential role of IPS-1 in innate immune responses against RNA viruses An autoinhibitory mechanism modulates MAVS activity in antiviral innate immune response MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response Structural basis for the prion-like MAVS filaments in antiviral innate immunity MAVS recruits multiple ubiquitin E3 ligases to activate antiviral signaling cascades Activation of IKK by TNFalpha requires site-specific ubiquitination of RIP1 and polyubiquitin binding by NEMO Sensing of Lys 63-linked polyubiquitination by NEMO is a key event in NF-kappaB activation Key role of Ubc5 and lysine-63 polyubiquitination in viral activation of IRF3 STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling The adaptor protein MITA links virus-sensing receptors to IRF3 transcription factor activation STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP Coordinated regulation of accessory genetic elements produces cyclic di-nucleotides for V. cholerae virulence MPYS is required for IFN response factor 3 activation and type A conserved Toll-like receptor-to-NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the endangered coral Orbicella faveolata Genomic insights into the immune system of the sea urchin Massively parallel RNA sequencing identifies a complex immune gene repertoire in the lophotrochozoan Mytilus edulis Massive expansion and functional divergence of innate immune genes in a protostome Teleost TLR22 recognizes RNA duplex to induce IFN and protect cells from birnaviruses Adaptive evolution of virus-sensing toll-like receptor 8 in bats The evolution of bat nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors Immune system modulation and viral persistence in bats: Understanding viral spillover Origin and evolution of the RIG-I like RNA helicase gene family Characterization of the mollusc RIG-I/MAVS pathway reveals an archaic antiviral signalling framework in invertebrates Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) in fish: Current knowledge and future perspectives Chicken cells sense influenza A virus infection through MDA5 and CARDIF signaling involving LGP2 Association of RIG-I with innate immunity of ducks to influenza Genome of the Chinese tree shrew Loss of RIG-I leads to a functional replacement with MDA5 in the Chinese tree shrew The kinase IKKbeta regulates a STING-and NF-kappaB-dependent antiviral response pathway in Drosophila The Jak-STAT signaling pathway is required but not sufficient for the antiviral response of drosophila The RNA silencing endonuclease Argonaute 2 mediates specific antiviral immunity in Drosophila melanogaster Essential function in vivo for Dicer-2 in host defense against RNA viruses in drosophila Sensing viral RNAs by Dicer/RIG-I like ATPases across species The DExD/H-box helicase Dicer-2 mediates the induction of antiviral activity in drosophila Secreted Vago restricts West Nile virus infection in Culex mosquito cells by activating the Jak-STAT pathway Dicer-2-dependent activation of Culex Vago occurs via the TRAF-Rel2 signaling pathway Nucleic acid sensing in invertebrate antiviral immunity The RIG-I ATPase core has evolved a functional requirement for allosteric stabilization by the Pincer domain The selective footprints of viral pressures at the human RIG-I-like receptor family Evolution and functional impact of rare coding variation from deep sequencing of human exomes Cyclic di-nucleotide signaling enters the eukaryote domain Evolutionary origins of cGAS-STING signaling Toll signaling: The TIReless quest for specificity Analysis of Drosophila STING reveals an evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial function Modular architecture of the STING C-terminal tail allows interferon and NF-kappaB signaling adaptation Dampened STING-dependent interferon activation in bats Structure of human cGAS reveals a conserved family of second-messenger enzymes in innate immunity ] is the metazoan second messenger produced by DNA-activated cyclic GMP-AMP synthase Structural mechanism of cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS Overlapping patterns of rapid evolution in the nucleic acid sensors cGAS keywords: able; acid; activation; activity; adaptive; adaptor; ancient; animals; antiviral; associated; authors; binding; cells; cgamp; cgas; complex; components; conserved; ctt; cyclic; cytokine; cytosolic; defense; dependent; detection; disease; dna; domain; double; downstream; drosophila; dsrna; dynamic; early; elements; emergence; encode; escape; essential; evasion; evolution; evolutionary; example; factor; family; figure; function; gene; genome; gmp; helicase; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; important; induction; infection; influenza; innate; innate immune; interferon; intracellular; irf3; kappab; kinase; lgp2; ligase; like; loss; major; mammalian; mammals; mavs; mda5; mechanism; mice; molecular; myd88; nucleic; pamps; pathogen; pathways; pattern; phosphorylation; polymerase; present; production; protease; protein; prrs; receptor; recognition; regulatory; replication; response; responsible; rig; rlrs; rna; rnai; rnas; role; sea; second; self; sense; sensing; sensor; signaling; somatic; specialized; species; specific; sting; strategies; strategy; strong; structural; studies; system; targeting; targets; tbk1; terminal; tir; tlr3; tlr4; tlrs; toll; transcription; trif; type; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; vertebrate; viral; viruses cache: cord-312001-8p7scli8.txt plain text: cord-312001-8p7scli8.txt item: #329 of 445 id: cord-312075-asbt0mcj author: Schulz, Katharina S. title: Viral Evasion Strategies in Type I IFN Signaling – A Summary of Recent Developments date: 2016-11-11 words: 5784 flesch: 33 summary: Macrophage (Houst) (2015) 2:e1009 Toscana virus NSs protein inhibits the induction of type I interferon by interacting with RIG-I Truncation of the C-terminal region of Toscana virus NSs protein is critical for interferon-beta antagonism and protein stability Foot-and-mouth disease virus viroporin 2B antagonizes RIG-I mediated antiviral effects by inhibition of its protein expression Hepatitis B virus inhibits intrinsic RIG-I and RIG-G immune signaling via inducing miR146a A phosphomimetic-based mechanism of dengue virus to antagonize innate immunity DDX60, a DEXD/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling DDX60 is involved in RIG-I-dependent and independent antiviral responses, and its function is attenuated by virus-induced EGFR activation A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response Mouse superkiller-2-like helicase DDX60 is dispensable for type I IFN induction and immunity to multiple viruses Dengue virus subverts host innate immunity by targeting adaptor protein MAVS Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 3C protease cleaves the mitochondrial antiviral signalling complex to antagonize IFN-beta expression Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A inhibits the peroxisomal MAVS-dependent antiviral signalling response Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Nsp4 cleaves VISA to impair antiviral responses mediated by RIG-I-like receptors Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus inhibits dsRNA-induced interferon-beta production in porcine intestinal epithelial cells by blockade of the RIG-I-mediated pathway SARS-coronavirus open reading frame-9b suppresses innate immunity by targeting mitochondria and the MAVS/TRAF3/TRAF6 signalosome PCBP2 mediates degradation of the adaptor MAVS via the HECT ubiquitin ligase AIP4 Oncogenic human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 tax suppression of primary innate immune signaling pathways Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein suppresses type I interferon expression through the inhibition of TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 Suppression of innate antiviral response by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein is mediated through the first transmembrane domain A firm hand on NFkappaB: structures of the IkappaBalpha-NFkappaB complex IkappaB kinases: key regulators of the NF-kappaB pathway Inducible degradation of IkappaBalpha by the proteasome requires interaction with the F-box protein h-betaTrCP Shaping the nuclear action of NF-kappaB Encephalomyocarditis virus 3C protease relieves TRAF family member-associated NF-kappaB activator (TANK) inhibitory effect on TRAF6-mediated NF-kappaB signaling through cleavage of TANK Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus 3C-like protease regulates its interferon antagonism by cleaving NEMO Hepatitis A virus 3C protease cleaves NEMO to impair induction of beta interferon Foot-and-mouth disease virus 3C protease cleaves NEMO to impair innate immune signaling NSP1 of human rotaviruses commonly inhibits NF-kappaB signalling by inducing beta-TrCP degradation IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway Regulation and function of IKK and IKK-related kinases Involvement of the ubiquitin-like domain of TBK1/IKK-i kinases in regulation of IFN-inducible genes IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon): a therapeutic target in inflammation and cancer Regulation of TBK1 activity by optineurin contributes to cell cycle-dependent expression of the interferon pathway Negative regulation of TBK1-mediated antiviral immunity IRFs: master regulators of signalling by toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis The IRF family transcription factors at the interface of innate and adaptive immune responses Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/ Viruses target RIG-I directly or indirectly to block the type I IFN response. keywords: activation; activity; adaptor; antiviral; beta; binding; cascade; cell; cleaves; complex; coronavirus; ddx60; degradation; dengue; dependent; domain; evasion; expression; factor; family; figure; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; ifnar1; ifnβ; ikkε; immune; immunity; induction; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; irf7; kinase; like; mavs; mechanism; nfκb; npro; pathway; phosphorylation; porcine; production; protease; protein; receptors; ref; regulation; regulatory; respiratory; response; results; rig; rna; signaling; stat1; strategies; suppresses; syndrome; system; tank; target; tax; tbk1; tlr3; traf3; transcription; type; ubiquitin; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-312075-asbt0mcj.txt plain text: cord-312075-asbt0mcj.txt item: #330 of 445 id: cord-312386-88uwlmjx author: Kuchipudi, Suresh V. title: The Complex Role of STAT3 in Viral Infections date: 2015-06-25 words: 4666 flesch: 32 summary: Induces CCL11 expression via STAT3 signalling in human airway smooth muscle cells Activation of STAT3 by IL-6 and IL-10 in primary human macrophages is differentially modulated by suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 STAT3 and STAT1 mediate IL-11-dependent and inflammation-associated gastric tumorigenesis in gp130 receptor mutant mice Interleukin 12 signaling in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4 IL-21 contributes to JAK3/STAT3 activation and promotes cell growth in ALKpositive anaplastic large cell lymphoma IL-22 is related to development of human colon cancer by activation of STAT3 A novel role for interleukin-27 (IL-27) as mediator of intestinal epithelial barrier protection mediated via differential signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein signaling and induction of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory proteins Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (stat3) expression by interferon-gamma and interleukin-6 in hepatoma cells Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) activates Jak1/Stat3-Stat5b signaling through TNFR-1 in human B cells LIGHT, a member of the TNF superfamily, activates Stat3 mediated by NIK pathway The chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein 1 triggers Janus kinase 2 activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of the CCR2B receptor RANTES and MIP-1alpha activate Stats in T cells Steel factor induces serine phosphorylation of Stat3 in human growth factor-dependent myeloid cell lines Oncostatin M promotes STAT3 activation, VEGF production, and invasion in osteosarcoma cell lines Small molecule inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3) protein Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in liver diseases: a novel therapeutic 8 Journal of Immunology Research target Role and regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser727 in melanocytes and melanoma cells STAT3 as a central mediator of neoplastic cellular transformation Reduced phosphorylation of Stat3 at Ser-727 mediated by casein kinase 2-protein phosphatase 2A enhances Stat3 Tyr-705 induced tumorigenic potential of glioma cells Regulation of Stat3 nuclear import by importin 5 and importin 7 via two different functional sequence elements T40214/PEI complex: a potent therapeutics for prostate cancer that targets STAT3 signaling STAT3 expression in salivary gland tumours Activated STAT3 is a mediator and biomarker of VEGF endothelial activation Unphosphorylated STAT3 accumulates in response to IL-6 and activates transcription by binding to NF B Polypeptide signalling to the nucleus through tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak and Stat proteins Interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor Principles of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokine signalling and its regulation Inhibitors of cytokine signal transduction Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of persistently activated STAT3 Regulation of cytokine signaling pathways by PIAS proteins Identification of recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions in solitary fibrous tumor by integrative sequencing Somatic STAT3 mutations in large granular lymphocytic leukemia Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, inflammation, and cancer: how intimate is the relationship? STAT3 activation induces the antiapoptotic protein survivin and both STAT3 and surviving are essential for VZV replication as inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and survivin results in restricted VZV replication [74] . keywords: activation; antiviral; apoptosis; binding; cancer; cells; core; cytokine; dependent; dna; domain; embryonic; essential; expression; factor; family; functions; gene; growth; h5n1; hbv; hcmv; hcv; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; il-10; il-6; immune; important; induced; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibition; interferon; interleukin-6; jak; key; kinase; liver; macrophages; mice; nuclear; nucleus; pathogenesis; pathway; phosphorylation; proliferation; protein; receptors; regulation; replication; response; results; role; ser727; signaling; specific; stat3; stem; stress; studies; transcription; transducer; type; tyrosine; unphosphorylated; viral; virus; viruses; vzv cache: cord-312386-88uwlmjx.txt plain text: cord-312386-88uwlmjx.txt item: #331 of 445 id: cord-312438-zr9zx7pv author: Hoo, Regina title: Innate Immune Mechanisms to Protect Against Infection at the Human Decidual-Placental Interface date: 2020-09-10 words: 7560 flesch: 29 summary: This is further supported by the transcriptomic expression of viral receptors in placental cells (10, 50, 51). A combination of criteria define human first-trimester trophoblast ELF5-enforced transcriptional networks define an epigenetically regulated trophoblast stem cell compartment in the human placenta The Human Placenta Uteroplacental arterial changes related to interstitial trophoblast migration in early human pregnancy Trophoblast invasion Maternal arterial connections to the placental intervillous space during the first trimester of human pregnancy: the Boyd collection revisited The cytology of Hofbauer cells A three-dimensional study of the normal human placental villous core Zika virus infection at different pregnancy stages: anatomopathological findings, target cells and viral persistence in placental tissues Zika virus RNA replication and persistence in brain and placental tissue HIV-1 in trophoblastic and villous Hofbauer cells, and haematological precursors in eight-week fetuses Zika virus infects human placental macrophages Placental syncytium forms a biophysical barrier against pathogen invasion Apoptotic changes occur in syncytiotrophoblast of human placental villi where fibrin type fibrinoid is deposited at discontinuities in the villous trophoblast Zika virus targets different primary human placental cells, suggesting two routes for vertical transmission Developmental regulation of human cytomegalovirus receptors in cytotrophoblasts correlates with distinct replication sites in the placenta Does the human placenta express the canonical cell entry mediators for SARS-CoV-2? keywords: access; activation; antimicrobial; bacterial; barrier; blood; cells; clinical; congenital; contact; control; cov-2; cytokines; cytomegalovirus; decidua; defense; development; different; direct; dms; dnks; early; entry; evidence; evt; experimental; expression; fetal; fetus; figure; function; gene; gestation; gondii; hb cells; hcmv; healthy; high; host; human; human placenta; ido; ifn; il-6; immune; immunity; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; interface; intracellular; lead; like; macrophages; major; malaria; maternal; mechanisms; mice; models; mother; mouse; murine; nlrp3; pamps; pathogens; pathology; placenta; potential; pregnancy; primary; production; range; receptors; recognition; replication; response; role; sars; sct; severe; signaling; single; stromal; studies; study; syncytium; table; term; tissue; tlr2; tlr4; tlrs; toll; toxoplasma; transmission; trimester; trophoblast; type; uterine; uterus; variety; vct; vertical; villi; villous; viral; virus; zika; zikv cache: cord-312438-zr9zx7pv.txt plain text: cord-312438-zr9zx7pv.txt item: #332 of 445 id: cord-312955-gs65c3fy author: Schreiber, Gideon title: The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-09-30 words: 8440 flesch: 38 summary: These data show that tight binding IFN-Is induce preferential anti-inflammatory responses, at least in this MS mouse model. Front Immunol DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739 sha: doc_id: 312955 cord_uid: gs65c3fy Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered over 60 years ago in a classical experiment by Isaacs and Lindenman, who showed that IFN-Is possess antiviral activity. keywords: ace2; activation; activities; activity; acute; addition; administration; affinity; age; alpha; analysis; antiproliferative; antiviral; binding; cells; clinical; common; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; days; development; different; disease; domain; early; effects; epithelial; expression; figure; functions; genes; group; hela; high; higher; human; ifn; ifna2; ifnar1; ifnb; immune; impaired; important; induction; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibition; innate; interferon; levels; like; lines; low; lung; major; mechanisms; mers; mice; model; mouse; multiple; nasal; natural; orf6; patients; people; potent; production; program; protease; proteins; receptor; reduced; respiratory; response; results; review; rna; role; sars; sclerosis; severe; severity; signaling; similar; specific; stat1; strong; studies; study; subtypes; symptoms; syndrome; system; tail; tmprss2; treatment; trial; type; upregulated; virus; viruses; yns cache: cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt plain text: cord-312955-gs65c3fy.txt item: #333 of 445 id: cord-313445-4v7pjqt2 author: Zhao, Jun title: Porcine interferon lambda 3 (IFN-λ3) shows potent anti-PRRSV activity in primary porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) date: 2020-10-28 words: 3387 flesch: 54 summary: Type I IFN receptor is ubiquitously expressed in various types of cells and organs; However, IFN-λR1 is widely expressed on epithelial cells, dendritic cells, human peripheral blood monocytes or macrophages [2] , which means that IFN-λs may provide a focused antiviral response against mucosal and immune organ infections. In summary, our data demonstrated that IFN-λ3 could inhibit the replication of PRRSV in Primary PAMs, and such inhibition is dose-and time-dependent. keywords: activity; alpha; alveolar; antiviral; cells; concentration; data; dependent; dose; effect; expression; family; fig; genes; ifitm3; ifn; iii; induced; infected; infection; interferon; isg15; isgs; lambda; macrophages; mrna; mx1; oas1; pams; porcine; primary; primary pams; protein; prrsv; receptor; replication; reproductive; respiratory; study; supplementary; swine; syndrome; table; time; titre; treatment; type; virus; vitro cache: cord-313445-4v7pjqt2.txt plain text: cord-313445-4v7pjqt2.txt item: #334 of 445 id: cord-313684-61hkogdh author: Samaddar, Arghadip title: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Candidates for COVID-19: A Poorly Understood Arena date: 2020-09-17 words: 11716 flesch: 34 summary: There are currently four ongoing clinical trials of umifenovir for COVID-19 treatment: one in comparison with the basic treatment 6 , and the other three comparing the effects in combination with oseltamivir 7 , lopinavir/ ritonavir 8 , and carrimycin. Currently, there are no clinically proven antiviral drugs or biologics for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. keywords: ace2; action; activation; activity; acute; administration; age; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; ards; azithromycin; benefits; binding; cases; cause; cells; children; china; class; clearance; clinical; combination; control; convalescent; cord; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; critical; cytokine; cytosorb; data; days; death; development; disease; drug; ebola; effective; effects; efficacy; elderly; entry; et al; evidence; factors; failure; favipiravir; fusion; genome; group; hcq; high; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; icu; ifn; il-6; ill; immune; improvement; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibits; injury; innate; interaction; interferon; ivermectin; killer; levels; life; like; lopinavir; lpv; lung; major; management; membrane; meplazumab; mers; mesenchymal; mhc; monoclonal; mortality; mscs; non; novel; number; ongoing; open; outcomes; pandemic; pathogenesis; pathophysiology; pathways; patients; phase; plasma; pneumonia; positive; potential; production; profile; progression; promising; protease; protein; pulmonary; randomized; rate; receptors; related; release; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; response; results; review; risk; ritonavir; rna; role; safety; sars; severe; severe covid-19; severity; signaling; significant; specific; stem; storm; structural; studies; study; syndrome; system; systematic; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; tnf; transcription; treatment; trial; umbilical; umifenovir; use; vegf; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt plain text: cord-313684-61hkogdh.txt item: #335 of 445 id: cord-313957-hviv5zar author: Masucci, Maria Grazia title: Viral Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Deconjugases—Swiss Army Knives for Infection date: 2020-08-01 words: 11785 flesch: 30 summary: Hence, UbL-regulated cellular functions are exploited for viral entry, transcription and replication of the viral genomes, synthesis of viral proteins, and assembly of new virions and for the maturation and exit of viral particles from the infected cell [32] [33] Thus, the ISGylation of de novo synthesized viral proteins may hinder their interaction with host proteins that are required for replication, may disrupt their catalytic function, or may alter the oligomerization of capsid proteins leading to a decrease in the number and infectivity of virus particles keywords: activation; active; activity; acute; addition; adenovirus; analysis; antiviral; assembly; associated; attachment; barr; binding; bond; bplf1; capacity; capsid; catalytic; cells; cellular; chains; cleavage; complex; conjugation; conserved; coronavirus; cov; covalent; cullin; cycle; cys; deconjugases; degradation; dependent; deubiquitinase; different; dna; domain; dubs; ebv; enzymes; epstein; essential; establishment; example; expression; factor; family; figure; fold; formation; function; genome; herpesvirus; host; human; identification; ifn; immune; immunity; important; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; innate; interaction; interferon; involvement; irf3; isg15; isgylation; large; levels; ligase; like; like protease; mers; modification; mouse; nedd8; neddylation; new; nuclear; papain; particles; pathogenesis; plpro; poly; processing; production; protease; protein; receptor; recognition; regulate; regulation; related; release; replication; residue; respiratory; response; rig; ring; role; sars; severe; signaling; similar; simplex; site; specific; specificity; stress; structure; substrates; sumo; sumoylation; syndrome; system; target; targeting; tegument; terminal; transcription; trim25; type; ub chains; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; ubl; ubls; ul36; viral; virus; virus replication; viruses cache: cord-313957-hviv5zar.txt plain text: cord-313957-hviv5zar.txt item: #336 of 445 id: cord-314019-8n0jafsk author: Feng, Qian title: Induction and suppression of innate antiviral responses by picornaviruses date: 2014-07-18 words: 7235 flesch: 40 summary: In fact, the L proteins RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are cytoplasmic RNA sensors that initiate a type I interferon response upon RNA virus infections. Additionally, these viral proteinases also cleave host factors to aid virus RNA replication and/or to evade host antiviral responses. keywords: activation; activity; antisense; antiviral; associated; cardioviruses; cells; cellular; cleavage; complex; crucial; cvb3; dependent; disorder; dsrna; emcv; encephalomyocarditis; enterovirus; expression; factors; formation; g3bp1; genera; granules; host; human; ifn; important; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; innate; interferon; irf3; large; leader; lgp2; like; long; mavs; mda5; mechanisms; nct; non; nuclear; pathogens; pathway; phosphorylation; picornaviruses; pkr; poliovirus; pore; positive; pro; production; protein; proteinase; recognition; replication; response; rig; rlr; rna; rnas; role; sgs; signaling; small; species; strand; stress; suppression; targets; tbk1; transcription; transfection; translation; type; viral; virus; vpg cache: cord-314019-8n0jafsk.txt plain text: cord-314019-8n0jafsk.txt item: #337 of 445 id: cord-314333-hkyiy1gm author: Nagata, Noriyo title: Mouse-Passaged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus Leads to Lethal Pulmonary Edema and Diffuse Alveolar Damage in Adult but Not Young Mice date: 2008-06-30 words: 6935 flesch: 45 summary: However, intraperitoneal interferon-γ injection protected adult mice from the lethal respiratory illness. These results demonstrated that serial in vivo passage of SARS-CoV in mice increased the virulence of the virus, especially in adult mice. keywords: acute; adult; adult mice; alveolar; animals; anti; antibody; area; balb; blood; bovine; c mice; cells; change; clinical; contrast; coronavirus; counts; cov; cytokine; day; days; edema; experimental; factor; figure; frankfurt; group; higher; homogenates; ifn-; il-10; illness; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; injury; inoculation; isolate; japan; levels; loss; lower; lung; macrophages; mice; minutes; mmol; model; mouse; musx; neutrophil; old; passaged; patients; pbs; protein; pulmonary; rabbit; rats; replication; respiratory; responses; sars; sections; serum; severe; significant; syndrome; tnf-; veroe6; virus; washes; weight; young; young mice cache: cord-314333-hkyiy1gm.txt plain text: cord-314333-hkyiy1gm.txt item: #338 of 445 id: cord-314505-7qh8dsew author: Stegelmeier, Ashley A. title: Myeloid Cells during Viral Infections and Inflammation date: 2019-02-19 words: 12544 flesch: 31 summary: Immune response and pathogenesis Cytokine-dependent but acquired immunity-independent arthritis caused by DNA escaped from degradation Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Identification of host genes leading to West Nile virus encephalitis in mice brain using RNA-seq analysis Progression of whole-blood transcriptional signatures from interferon-induced to neutrophil-associated patterns in severe influenza Nlrp12 mediates adverse neutrophil recruitment during influenza virus infection Effects of serum amyloid protein a on influenza a virus replication and viral interactions with neutrophils The role of neutrophils during mild and severe influenza virus infections of mice Induction of ifn-beta and the innate antiviral response in myeloid cells occurs through an IPS-1-dependent signal that does not require IRF-3 and IRF-7 Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice Functional interplay between type I and II interferons is essential to limit influenza A virus-induced tissue inflammation Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced activation of myeloid dendritic cells: The roles of virus cell interaction and paracrine type I IFN secretion dengue and yellow fever viruses induce differential anti-viral immune responses in human monocytic and first trimester trophoblast cells Differential ability of pandemic and seasonal H1N1 influenzaa viruses to alter the function of human neutrophils Characterization of the antiviral effects of interferon-alpha against a SARS-like coronoavirus infection in vitro Role of neutrophil to lymphocyte and monocyte to lymphocyte ratios in the diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients with fever i interferon receptor signaling to activate NK cells via IL-18 during a mucosal viral infection Distinct roles of IL-12 and IL-15 in human natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells from secondary lymphoid organs Human neutrophils produce interferon gamma upon stimulation by interleukin-12 Human neutrophils interact with both 6-sulfo LacNAc+ DC and NK cells to amplify NK-derived IFN{gamma}: role of CD18, ICAM-1, and ICAM-3 A proinflammatory role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells in murine immune-mediated hepatitis Recent advances on the crosstalk between neutrophils and B or T lymphocytes Mouse neutrophils are professional antigen-presenting cells programmed to instruct TH1 and TH17 T-cell differentiation Neutrophils efficiently cross-prime naive T cells in vivo Neutrophils mediate immune modulation of dendritic cells through glycosylation-dependent interactions between Mac-1 and DC-SIGN Neutrophils influence the level of antigen presentation during the immune response to protein antigens in adjuvants A subset of neutrophils in human systemic inflammation inhibits T cell responses through MAC-1 Neutrophil-mediated suppression of influenza-induced pathology requires CD11B/CD18 (MAC-1) Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits neutrophil apoptosis, leading to delayed activation of naive CD4 T cells Dendritic cell uptake of human apoptotic and necrotic neutrophils inhibits CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression and reduces allogeneic T cell responses: Relevance to systemic vasculitis Lung neutrophils facilitate activation of naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cells during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection Inflammatory monocytes facilitate adaptive CD4 T cell responses during respiratory fungal infection Blood-derived inflammatory dendritic cells in lymph nodes stimulate acute T helper type 1 immune responses Modulation of myelopoiesis progenitors is an integral component of trained immunity Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease Antiviral actions of interferons Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis The conserved coronavirus macrodomain promotes virulence and suppresses the innate immune response during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Ebola virus binding to TIM-1 on T lymphocytes induces a cytokine storm Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome: keywords: ability; activation; acute; adaptive; antigens; antiviral; apoptosis; bacterial; binding; blood; bone; bone marrow; capable; cascade; cause; ccr2; cd8; cells; cellular; chemokine; clearance; complex; control; critical; crucial; cxcl2; cxcr4; cytokines; damage; dcs; dendritic; dependent; differentiation; direct; disease; dna; early; effective; effector; endothelial; epithelial; essential; excessive; expression; factor; figure; function; future; gene; high; hiv; homeostasis; host; human; ifn; ifns; il-15; ilcs; immune; immunity; increase; induction; infected; infections; inflamed; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory monocytes; influenza; injury; innate; interactions; interferon; leukocytes; like; lungs; ly6c; lymph; lymphoid; macrophages; marrow; mdscs; mechanisms; memory; mice; migration; molecular; molecules; monocytes; multiple; murine; myeloid; myeloid cells; neutrophils; nodes; pamps; pathogens; patients; patterns; phagocytosis; play; present; production; progenitor; protein; pulmonary; recent; receptors; recognition; recruitment; regulatory; release; research; resident; respiratory; responses; results; rna; role; rsv; secretion; severe; severity; signaling; sites; specific; storm; studies; subsets; suppression; system; tissue; tlrs; tnf; toll; trafficking; type; viral; viral infections; virus; viruses cache: cord-314505-7qh8dsew.txt plain text: cord-314505-7qh8dsew.txt item: #339 of 445 id: cord-315072-b28yikvj author: Giotis, Efstathios S. title: Chicken interferome: avian interferon-stimulated genes identified by microarray and RNA-seq of primary chick embryo fibroblasts treated with a chicken type I interferon (IFN-α) date: 2016-08-05 words: 5889 flesch: 42 summary: A virus polymerase host restriction Dynamics of gene expression revealed by comparison of serial analysis of gene expression transcript profiles from yeast grown on two different carbon sources Differential expression in SAGE: accounting for normal between-library variation Involvement of the IRF-1 transcription factor in antiviral responses to interferons Constitutive expression of an ISGF2/IRF1 transgene leads to interferon-independent activation of interferon-inducible genes and resistance to virus infection IFN regulatory factor-1 All things being equal, RNA-seq would seem to be the method of choice for transcriptomic analysis of chicken IFN responses, particularly given its ability to produce high-resolution quantitative and qualitative data. keywords: 32k; additional; affymetrix; analysis; annotated; antiviral; assembly; avian; bio; cef; cell; chicken; clc; comparison; control; current; data; different; downstream; embryo; expression; fdr; figure; files; fold; genechip; genes; genome; genomic; high; host; ifn; iii; illumina; induced; induction; infection; influenza; innate; instance; interferon; irgs; isgs; kal; key; kit; level; libraries; library; like; mammals; manuscript; microarray; number; observed; pcr; pigy; probe; pyurf; quality; reads; regulated; regulation; responses; rna; samples; seq; sets; significant; stimulated; study; system; target; technologies; technology; test; time; total; transcriptomic; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-315072-b28yikvj.txt plain text: cord-315072-b28yikvj.txt item: #340 of 445 id: cord-315328-8g40ukml author: Clementi, Nicola title: Interferon-β-1a Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Coronavirus 2 In Vitro When Administered After Virus Infection date: 2020-06-19 words: 2282 flesch: 40 summary: a comparative review of open-label studies evaluating the efficacy, safety, or dosing of different interferon beta formulations alone or in combination Treatment of SARS with human interferons Type 1 interferons as a potential treatment against COVID-19 Interferon-β 1a and SARS coronavirus replication Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication is severely impaired by MG132 due to proteasome-independent inhibition of M-calpain Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus is inhibited by interferon-α Interferon-a2b treatment for Antiviral activities of type I interferons to SARS-CoV-2 infection Recombinant leukocyte A interferon: Cell supernatants collected 48 and 72 hours after infection from different cells treated with all drug concentrations were analyzed using RT-PCR. keywords: activity; acute; antiviral; cells; clinical; concentrations; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cpe; different; drug; effect; free; hours; ifn; infection; interferon; multiple; pcr; potential; replication; respiratory; sars; setting; severe; syndrome; time; type; vero; virus; β-1a cache: cord-315328-8g40ukml.txt plain text: cord-315328-8g40ukml.txt item: #341 of 445 id: cord-315483-l6dm82pp author: Santhakumar, Diwakar title: Chicken Interferon-induced Protein with Tetratricopeptide Repeats 5 Antagonizes Replication of RNA Viruses date: 2018-05-01 words: 10827 flesch: 39 summary: The second exon codes the rest of the ORF (1435 bps) and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) for chicken IFIT5 gene. Chicken cells were transfected with 500 ng of mammalian expression vectors encoding V5-tagged chIFIT5 for 24 hours and were left untreated (NDV-) or were treated with 1 MOI of NDV-GFP (NDV+) for another 24 hours before fixation, staining for nucleus (blue), chIFIT5 (red) and GFP marker (NDV). keywords: 101/+123; activation; activities; activity; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; assay; cas9; cefs; cells; cellular; characterized; chicken; chifit5; chifit5 gene; chifn; constructs; control; crispr; data; df-1; df-1 cells; different; disease; dna; dsrna; editing; effect; elements; embryos; endogenous; ensembl; expression; facs; family; ffluc; fibroblasts; fig; functional; gene; genetic; genome; genomic; gfp; host; hours; huifit5; human; ifit1; ifn; ifns; immune; indicated; individual; induction; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interaction; interferon; invitrogen; isre; lentivirus; locus; luciferase; mammalian; mice; mock; motifs; mouse; mrna; ndv; negative; non; orf; ovo; pcr; plasmid; positive; post; potential; ppp; presence; primers; products; profound; promoter; protein; puromycin; recognition; region; replication; reporter; reports; responses; results; retroviruses; rna; sense; sequence; shrna; silencing; single; sites; species; specific; stimulation; stimuli; structure; supplementary; system; table; tetratricopeptide; time; total; transcription; transfected; transgenic; translation; type; usa; vector; virus; virus replication; viruses; vsv cache: cord-315483-l6dm82pp.txt plain text: cord-315483-l6dm82pp.txt item: #342 of 445 id: cord-315730-fzgxuak7 author: Penman, Sophie L. title: Safety perspectives on presently considered drugs for the treatment of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-17 words: 12087 flesch: 30 summary: As such, it is likely that many of the AEs observed in the Ebola study will translate to COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir. However, a recent study found that only 4.1 % of COVID-19 patients receiving remdesivir treatment suffered serious (grade 3 or 4) transaminase elevations, with there being no significant difference between the remdesivir-and placebo-treated groups (Beigel et al., 2020) . keywords: active; acute; administration; adverse; aes; agents; anakinra; analysis; anti; antiviral; arm; arthritis; article; associated; azithromycin; baricitinib; benefit; beta; biovitrum; cardiac; cardiovascular; care; cases; cause; cell; channel; clinical; cmax; combination; common; compounds; concentrations; concern; control; copyright; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; cytokines; daily; data; days; dependent; dexamethasone; disease; dose; drug; ebola; effect; efficacy; enzyme; et al; events; evidence; example; excellence; exposure; favipiravir; following; function; gilead; group; health; high; higher; human; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; il-6; immune; inadequate; increase; induced; infection; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibitors; injury; institute; interactions; interferon; intravenous; kidney; known; lancet; levels; life; likely; liver; long; lopinavir; low; ltd; management; medicines; mers; methotrexate; moderate; mortality; multiple; national; need; novel; number; order; orphan; outcomes; patients; phase; placebo; plasma; pneumonia; post; potential; prolongation; prophylaxis; protein; randomized; reactions; recent; receptor; recovery; related; remdesivir; renal; replication; respiratory; response; results; review; rheumatoid; rheumatoid arthritis; rights; risk; ritonavir; rna; safety; sarilumab; sars; severe; short; siltuximab; single; site; small; studies; study; subcutaneous; swedish; symptoms; syndrome; systematic; term; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; thrombotic; time; tocilizumab; toxicity; treatment; trial; use; viral; vitro; world; β-1 cache: cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt plain text: cord-315730-fzgxuak7.txt item: #343 of 445 id: cord-317333-unrd76bo author: Danesh, Ali title: Early gene expression events in ferrets in response to SARS coronavirus infection versus direct interferon-alpha2b stimulation date: 2011-01-05 words: 5473 flesch: 40 summary: We also analyzed the signaling pathways during an infection with SARS-CoV, and by means of comparative analysis we profiled IFN gene responses in the context of a respiratory infection. In vivo experiments revealed that IFN-α2b causes STAT1 phosphorylation and upregulation of abundant IFN response genes (IRGs), chemokine receptors, and other genes that participate in phagocytosis and leukocyte transendothelial migration. keywords: activation; activity; administration; affymetrix; analysis; antiviral; biosciences; blood; cell; chemokine; control; cov; cov infection; cycle; data; day; effects; et al; expression; ferrets; fig; functional; genes; group; host; ifi44; ifn; immune; induced; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interferon; irgs; isg15; leukocyte; levels; lung; microarray; model; mx1; necropsies; number; oas1; oas2; pathway; pbmcs; pbs; peripheral; phosphorylation; post; protein; respiratory; responses; results; rna; samples; sars; signaling; significant; specific; stat1; status; stimulation; study; supplementary; table; time; tissue; type; upregulated; upregulation; usa; virus; vitro; vivo; α2b cache: cord-317333-unrd76bo.txt plain text: cord-317333-unrd76bo.txt item: #344 of 445 id: cord-317499-mxt7stat author: Saraya, Takeshi title: Epidemiology of virus-induced asthma exacerbations: with special reference to the role of human rhinovirus date: 2014-05-26 words: 5658 flesch: 26 summary: Arruda et al. The median duration of HRV colds is 1 week, but up to 25% last more than 2 weeks (Gwaltney et al., 1967; Rotbart and Hayden, 2000) . keywords: acute; adults; airway; allergic; asthma; asthmatic; bronchial; cells; children; chronic; clinical; cold; common; community; copd; culture; data; days; detection; disease; effect; epidemiological; epidemiology; epithelial; et al; exacerbations; experimental; expression; frequency; group; healthy; hospitalized; hrv; hrv infection; human; ifn; ige; illness; induced; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibits; inoculation; interferon; johnston; load; lower; major; nicholson; nitric; obstructive; oxide; patients; pcr; pneumonia; positive; primary; production; pulmonary; receptor; remodeling; replication; respiratory; response; rhinovirus; role; rsv; severe; severity; species; studies; study; subjects; symptoms; tracheal; tract; treatment; type; viral; viruses; wheezing; yamaya cache: cord-317499-mxt7stat.txt plain text: cord-317499-mxt7stat.txt item: #345 of 445 id: cord-317573-wp2wr3b5 author: Peng, Hui title: Human memory T cell responses to SARS-CoV E protein date: 2006-06-30 words: 4130 flesch: 54 summary: Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Fatal Severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with multiorgan involvement by coronavirus Profile of specific antibodies to the SARS associated coronavirus SARS coronavirus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases Monoclonal antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV): identification of neutralizing and antibodies reactive to S, N, M and E viral proteins Identification of an HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8 þ T-cell epitope SSp-1 of SARS-CoV spike protein T-cell epitopes in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus spike protein elicit a specific T-cell immune response in patients who recover from SARS Generation and characterization of DNA vaccines targeting the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Lymphopenia in SARS Effects of a SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Mapping of antigenic sites on the nucleocapsid protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Induction of Th1 type response by DNA vaccinations with N, M, and E genes against SARS-CoV in mice SARS coronavirus E protein forms cation-selective ion channels Assembly of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like particles Expression of SARS-coronavirus envelope protein in Escherichia coli cells alters membrane permeability Bcl-xL inhibits T-cell apoptosis induced by expression of SARS coronavirus E protein in the absence of growth factors Updated SARS case definition using laboratory criteria Th2 predominance and CD8 þ memory T cell depletion in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Rapid effector function in CD8 þ memory T cells Mapping T cell epitopes by flow cytometry Contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions Similarities and differences in CD4 þ and CD8 þ effector and memory T cell generation Functional heterogeneity of memory CD4 T cell responses in different conditions of antigen exposure and persistence Human CD8 þ T-cell differentiation in response to viruses Identification of naive or antigen-experienced human CD8 þ T Cells by expression of costimulation and chemokine receptors: analysis of the human cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 þ T cell response Recombinant scFv antibodies against E protein and N protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus All of those reports show that T cell responses may not only participate in the clearance of virus in recovered SARS patients but also contribute to immunopathology in early stages of the disease. keywords: acute; anti; antibodies; ccr7; cd4; cd8; cd8 þ; cells; coronavirus; cov; cytometry; donors; e protein; epitopes; expression; fig; flow; human; ifn; il-2; immune; individuals; infection; memory; patients; pbmcs; peptides; protein; recovered; respiratory; responses; results; sars; severe; specific; syndrome; t cells; þ t cache: cord-317573-wp2wr3b5.txt plain text: cord-317573-wp2wr3b5.txt item: #346 of 445 id: cord-318070-8txogxek author: Zhang, Xiao-Nan title: Hyper-activated IRF-1 and STAT1 contribute to enhanced Interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression by Interferon α and γ co-treatment in human hepatoma cells date: 2006-09-30 words: 4272 flesch: 43 summary: STAT1 tyrosine phosphorylation was elevated by IFN combination treatment, however, only the hyper-transactivation of GAS but not ISRE was observed. Indeed, the transfection of IRF-1 siRNA did not affect the mRNA level of MxA (1.30 × 10 5 versus 1.57 × 10 5 , p > 0.05) after IFN combination treatment (Fig. 5A) . keywords: activation; activity; addition; alpha; analysis; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; bclg; cells; cluster; combination; complex; data; dna; element; expression; factor; fig; formation; gamma; gas; gel; genes; hcv; hepatitis; human; hyper; ifn; induction; interferon; irf; isgs; isre; level; phosphorylation; previous; promoter; protein; replication; response; role; signaling; sirna; stat1; study; synergistic; tap1; trail; transcription; treatment; type; tyrosine; virus; xaf1 cache: cord-318070-8txogxek.txt plain text: cord-318070-8txogxek.txt item: #347 of 445 id: cord-318339-j35w1vsw author: Stockman, Lauren J title: SARS: Systematic Review of Treatment Effects date: 2006-09-12 words: 4389 flesch: 47 summary: The World Health Organization (WHO) expert panel on SARS treatment requested a systematic review and comprehensive summary of treatments used for SARS-infected patients in order to guide future treatment and identify priorities for research. Despite an extensive literature reporting on SARS treatments, it was not possible to determine whether treatments benefited patients during the SARS outbreak. keywords: acute; antiviral; ards; chinese; clinical; control; convalescent; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov; criteria; data; disease; distress; effects; evidence; future; group; harm; ifn; illness; inconclusive; ivig; literature; lopinavir; lpv; outbreak; patients; plasma; possible; reports; respiratory; review; ribavirin; sars; severe; studies; study; syndrome; systematic; table; treatment; trials; type; use; vitro cache: cord-318339-j35w1vsw.txt plain text: cord-318339-j35w1vsw.txt item: #348 of 445 id: cord-318364-5bmdzgla author: Sun, Xinjuan title: Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia date: 2020-04-25 words: 3109 flesch: 25 summary: Also IL-17 inhibitor (Secukinumab) (Novartis) was used as specific treatment for severe patients with COVID-19 pneumonia 25 to control Th17 cell activation. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may benefit severe patients by removing potentially harmful components and maintaining haemodynamic and metabolic status. keywords: acute; cell; chemokines; china; clinical; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov2; covid-19; crs; current; cytokine; development; diagnosis; disease; early; hcov; human; ifn; il-6; ill; immune; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; injury; levels; lung; mers; mice; mild; mortality; multiple; novel; patients; pneumonia; production; release; respiratory; response; sars; severe; storm; study; symptoms; syndrome; therapy; time; treatment; uncontrolled; use; viral; virus; wuhan cache: cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt plain text: cord-318364-5bmdzgla.txt item: #349 of 445 id: cord-319248-ynoxec7k author: Matsuyama, Toshifumi title: An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19 date: 2020-10-09 words: 10011 flesch: 39 summary: In the nucleus, protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) and PIAS1 can bind activated STAT3 and STAT1 dimers (5, Fig. 3 ), respectively, and block them from binding to DNA, thus inhibiting STAT mediated transcription. Ramana et al. reported that the IFN-II induction of SOCS3 in STAT1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts was derived from activated STAT3 [61] . keywords: activated; activation; activities; activity; acute; addition; alpha; alveolar; analysis; antagonist; antiviral; apoptosis; ards; associated; axis; binding; blood; cancer; cascade; cases; catastrophic; cells; chemokines; clinical; coagulopathy; common; complex; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; critical; crp; cytokines; dependent; disease; downstream; early; effects; egfr; endothelial; entry; epithelial; escalating; expression; factor; fibrin; fibroblasts; fibrosis; fig; formation; function; gene; growth; high; host; human; hyaluronan; hypoxia; ifn; iii; il-6; ill; immune; induction; infected; infection; inhibit; inhibitor; injury; interferon; isgf3; ivermectin; jak; kpna1; levels; lung; lymphopenia; macrophages; membrane; non; nsp1; nuclear; orf3b; orf6; pai-1; pak1; pathophysiology; pathway; patients; phase; phosphorylation; pias3; plasma; plasminogen; production; proinflammatory; protein; pulmonary; reactive; receptor; reduced; regulation; related; replication; respiratory; response; risk; role; sars; severe; severity; signaling; similar; small; socs3; stat3; study; syndrome; target; tgf; thrombosis; tissue; tlr4; tract; transcription; treatment; type; use; viral cache: cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt plain text: cord-319248-ynoxec7k.txt item: #350 of 445 id: cord-319501-a2x1hvkk author: Wong, Lok-Yin Roy title: A molecular arms race between host innate antiviral response and emerging human coronaviruses date: 2016-01-15 words: 7773 flesch: 38 summary: In a previous study, MERS-CoV M is shown to impede IFN production by preventing IRF3 translocation into the nucleus (Yang et al., 2013) . Among the five accessory proteins, ORF4a, ORF4b and ORF5 show the ability to dampen IFN production (Yang et al., 2013) . keywords: accessory; activate; activation; activity; acute; adaptor; antiviral; arms; cells; cellular; cleavage; common; complex; coronavirus; cov; covs; dependent; different; diseases; domain; dsrna; east; effects; et al; example; expression; factor; family; function; gene; genome; hcov; hcov-229e; hku1; host; human; ifn; ifn production; ifns; immune; immunity; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; innate; insights; interaction; interferon; irf3; isgs; like; mda5; mechanisms; mers; methyltransferase; middle; mrna; new; nl63; novel; nsp1; nsps; nucleus; oc43; orf4a; pathogenesis; pathway; patients; phosphorylation; production; proteins; race; receptor; recognition; related; replication; respiratory; response; rig; rlrs; rna; role; sars; sensing; severe; signaling; siu; specific; structural; studies; study; suppression; syndrome; tbk1; terminal; tlr; toll; transcription; transmembrane; type; viral; viruses cache: cord-319501-a2x1hvkk.txt plain text: cord-319501-a2x1hvkk.txt item: #351 of 445 id: cord-319761-bu5pzbnv author: Miller, Craig S. title: Pleiotropic mechanisms of virus survival and persistence date: 2005-07-16 words: 5660 flesch: 29 summary: The origins of virology Further studies on the proliferation in vitro of single isolated tissue cells The infection of cells in tissue culture with Rous sarcoma virus The structure of DNA A plaque assay for foot-and-mouth disease virus and kinetics of virus reproduction Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges Persistent toll-like receptor signals are required for reversal of regulatory T cellemediated CD8 tolerance The many mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins Proteinaseactivated receptors: novel mechanisms of signaling by serine proteases Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases Interleukin-18 Newly identified pair of proteasomal subunits regulated reciprocally by interferon gamma Apoptosis: an innate immune response to virus infection Viruses and apoptosis Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis Regulation of p53-dependent apoptosis, transcriptional repression, and cell transformation by phosphorylation of the 55-kilodalton E1B protein of human adenovirus type 5 Adenovirus-mediated gene expression in vivo is enhanced by the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene Inhibition of DNA-dependent transcription by the leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus: role of specific nucleotide sequences and cell protein binding The IAP proteins: caspase inhibitors and beyond Prevention of vertebrate neuronal death by the crmA gene Neutralization of Smac/Diablo by inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). As a result, greater knowledge of virus replication, viral and cellular receptors, and immunologic interactions was achieved. keywords: ability; absence; activation; adenovirus; alpha; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; binding; caspases; cell; cellular; chronic; class; complex; cytomegalovirus; death; defense; degradation; dependent; disease; dna; early; ebv; encode; example; expression; factors; family; functions; gene; hepatitis; herpes; herpesviruses; hiv; host; hpv; hsv-1; human; ifn; immune; induced; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitors; interferon; intracellular; key; kinase; knowledge; latency; latent; mechanisms; mhc; molecules; nef; nuclear; oral; p53; persistent; pkr; production; products; proteins; receptor; regulation; replication; response; results; rna; role; sensors; signaling; simplex; site; specific; studies; surface; survival; system; tap; transcription; transformation; tumor; type; viral; virology; virus; viruses; vivo; vp16 cache: cord-319761-bu5pzbnv.txt plain text: cord-319761-bu5pzbnv.txt item: #352 of 445 id: cord-319779-n5w1f0rr author: Lee, Sang-Myeong title: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus field isolates differ in in vitro interferon phenotypes date: 2004-12-08 words: 8230 flesch: 41 summary: In the present study, the levels of PRRSV IFN induction were typically too low to use in a similarly designed suppression experiment. Moreover, the lack of IFN response following infection with PRRSV could be involved in the establishment of persistent infections or secondary bacterial and viral infection, both of which are characteristic of PRRSV infections in swine. keywords: adaptive; alpha; american; antibody; antiviral; beta; cells; concentration; control; cultures; cyclophilin; differences; disease; elisa; et al; european; experiments; expression; field; fig; host; ifn; immune; important; inc; induced; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; isolates; levels; low; measured; mechanisms; media; mrna; north; p.i; pam; pcr; persistent; pigs; plaques; polyi; populations; porcine; porcine reproductive; position; production; protein; prrsv; real; replication; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; rifn; rna; role; sensitivity; significant; specific; stocks; strains; study; supernatants; suppress; suppression; swine; syndrome; syndrome virus; synthesis; tcid; time; titers; type; viability; viral; virulence; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-319779-n5w1f0rr.txt plain text: cord-319779-n5w1f0rr.txt item: #353 of 445 id: cord-320338-jv76j6wx author: Lee, Kyungjin title: Gemcitabine, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, suppresses enterovirus infections through innate immunity induced by the inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis and nucleotide depletion date: 2017-12-15 words: 5030 flesch: 37 summary: Antiviral activity was assessed by quantifying the virus-infected cells showing a fluorescent signal of 3Cpro protein at 24 hours after treatment with gemcitabine. Enterovirus infections: diagnosis and treatment Host and virus determinants of picornavirus pathogenesis and tropism Enterovirus 71 isolated from cases of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease in Bulgaria An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance Antiviral activity of hederasaponin B from hedera helix against Enterovirus 71 Subgenotypes C3 and C4a Pharmacologic activation of the innate immune system to prevent respiratory viral infections The anti-tumor agent, 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), induces IFN-beta-mediated antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo RO 90-7501 enhances TLR3 and RLR agonist induced antiviral response Regulators of innate immunity as novel targets for panviral therapeutics Cross talk between nucleotide synthesis pathways with cellular immunity in constraining hepatitis E virus replication Discovery of a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that inhibits pyrimidine biosynthesis and establishes a type 1 interferon-independent antiviral state Ribavirin enhances interferon-stimulated gene transcription by activation of the interferon-stimulated response element Mycophenolic acid augments interferon-stimulated gene expression and inhibits hepatitis C Virus infection in vitro and in vivo Synergistic suppression of dengue virus replication using a combination of nucleoside analogs and nucleoside synthesis inhibitors Synergistic antiviral activity of gemcitabine and ribavirin against enteroviruses Cellular growth kinetics distinguish a cyclophilin inhibitor from an HSP90 inhibitor as a selective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus Activity of a novel combined antiretroviral therapy of gemcitabine and decitabine in a mouse model for HIV-1 Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide, and gemcitabine inhibit influenza a virus infection Cell-based high-throughput screening assay identifies 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine gemcitabine as a potential antipoliovirus agent Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide and gemcitabine inhibit Zika virus infection in vitro and differentially affect cellular signaling, transcription and metabolism Preclinical characteristics of gemcitabine Genetic analysis of a hydrophobic domain of coxsackie B3 virus protein 2B: a moderate degree of hydrophobicity is required for a cis-acting function in viral RNA synthesis Structural and functional characterization of the coxsackievirus B3 CRE(2C): role of CRE(2C) in negative-and positive-strand RNA synthesis Inhibition of dengue virus through suppression of host pyrimidine biosynthesis Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions Mechanisms of type-I-and type-II-interferonmediated signalling The predominant mechanism by which ribavirin exerts its antiviral activity in vitro against flaviviruses and paramyxoviruses is mediated by inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase Ribavirin inhibits in vitro hepatitis E virus replication through depletion of cellular GTP pools and is moderately synergistic with alpha interferon -ethynyl-1-beta-Dribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide). keywords: activation; activity; addition; antiviral; biosynthesis; broad; cells; control; cvb3; cytidine; ddx58; effect; enterovirus; ev71; exposure; expression; figure; gemcitabine; gene; hela; hours; ifit1; ifn; immune; immunity; infected; infection; inhibition; innate; interferon; intermediates; irf7; irf9; isgs; isre; luciferase; mrnas; nucleosides; pathway; promoter; protein; pyrimidine; replication; replicon; response; results; rna; salvage; stat1; study; supplementary; targeting; time; treatment; ump; uridine; virus; viruses cache: cord-320338-jv76j6wx.txt plain text: cord-320338-jv76j6wx.txt item: #354 of 445 id: cord-320663-xypg6evo author: Market, Marisa title: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies date: 2020-06-23 words: 14058 flesch: 29 summary: A natural killer cell receptor for HLA-B allotypes Molecular clones of the p58 NK cell receptor reveal immunoglobulinrelated molecules with diversity in both the extra-and intracellular domains HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C Mouse CD94/NKG2A is a natural killer cell receptor for the nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule Qa-1(b) TLR-mediated activation of NK cells and their role in bacterial/viral immune responses in mammals Peptide-specific recognition of human cytomegalovirus strains controls adaptive natural killer cells Ly49H signaling through DAP10 is essential for optimal natural killer cell responses to mouse cytomegalovirus infection Human NK cells and herpesviruses: mechanisms of recognition, response and adaptation Cytokine regulation of natural killer cell effector functions Coordinated and distinct roles for IFN-αβ, IL-12, and IL-15 regulation of NK cell responses to viral infection Developmental and functional control of natural killer cells by cytokines. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in fighting SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been directly investigated. keywords: ace2; activation; activity; acute; acute respiratory; addition; analysis; antibodies; antiviral; ards; associated; bcg; binding; blood; cancer; car; cases; cd4; cells; checkpoint; chemokines; china; clearance; clinical; context; control; coronavirus; corticosteroids; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; covs; critical; current; cytokine; cytotoxicity; damage; dependent; development; direct; disease; distress; early; effects; efficacy; epithelial; evidence; expression; fact; function; healthy; high; host; human; icu; ifn; ifns; iii; il-15; il-6; immune; immunity; immunopathology; immunotherapy; important; increased; individuals; induced; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; inhibitory; injury; innate; interferon; key; killer; killer cells; levels; like; lower; lung; lymphocytes; macrophages; mechanisms; memory; mers; mice; middle; mild; model; molecular; monocyte; mortality; mouse; natural; natural killer; nk cells; nkg2a; non; novel; nsaids; numbers; observed; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; peripheral; phase; phenotype; pneumonia; potential; primary; production; promising; protein; pulmonary; receptor; recognition; replication; reported; research; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; responsible; results; review; risk; rna; role; sars; secondary; sepsis; severe; severe acute; severe covid-19; severity; signaling; significant; specific; storm; structural; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; system; table; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; time; tissues; tocilizumab; treatment; trial; type; use; vaccination; vaccine; viral; viral infections; viruses; vitamin; vivo cache: cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt plain text: cord-320663-xypg6evo.txt item: #355 of 445 id: cord-321050-yabt72jf author: Tuttle, Kathryn D. title: JAK1 inhibition blocks lethal sterile immune responses: implications for COVID-19 therapy date: 2020-04-09 words: 4128 flesch: 37 summary: Remarkably, Dp16 mice were profoundly sensitive to the treatment, which was largely tolerated by WT mice (Figure 2A ). Remarkably, Dp16 mice display lethal immune responses upon challenge with viral mimetic molecules, such as the TLR3 agonist poly-I:C keywords: activation; acute; analysis; animals; associated; cells; chromosome; chronic; clinical; covid-19; cytokine; dp10; dp16; dp16 mice; dp17; elevated; experiment; expression; figure; higher; human; ifn; ifnrs; il-6; immune; increased; inflammation; inflammatory; inhibitor; interferon; jak1; lethal; levels; littermates; liver; loss; markers; mice; model; mortality; mouse; p(i; pandemic; pathology; patients; pcr; production; relative; response; results; sars; signaling; stimulation; storm; syndrome; therapeutic; treatment; type; viral; weight cache: cord-321050-yabt72jf.txt plain text: cord-321050-yabt72jf.txt item: #356 of 445 id: cord-321947-qek9jy2c author: Lee, Su Jeen title: Evaluation of glycoprotein E subunit and live attenuated varicella‐zoster virus vaccines formulated with a single‐strand RNA‐based adjuvant date: 2020-03-13 words: 5507 flesch: 52 summary: Thus, it is a good candidate for VZV protein vaccine. 4,7-9 VZV gE is an attractive candidate for the development of VZV subunit vaccines because the VZV gE antigen, also known as CD4 + T-cell antigen, is capable of inducing both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. keywords: addavax; adjuvant; antibodies; antibody; antigen; attenuated; bioscience; buffer; candidate; cd4; cell; control; crpv; data; days; efficacy; elisa; expression; figure; gene; glycoprotein; groups; guinea; herpes; hours; humoral; ifn; igg; igg1; igg2a; il-2; immune; immunity; immunization; immunized; immunogenicity; innate; kit; lav; live; ltd; mice; minutes; mouse; neutralizing; numbers; oka; pig; pigs; protein; responses; serum; single; specific; splenocytes; ssrna; stimulation; study; subunit; th1; th2; titers; total; vaccine; varicella; virus; vzv; wells; zoster cache: cord-321947-qek9jy2c.txt plain text: cord-321947-qek9jy2c.txt item: #357 of 445 id: cord-321992-lk2ao6m8 author: Annamalai, Thavamathi title: Age-dependent variation in innate immune responses to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling versus weaned pigs date: 2015-12-15 words: 8590 flesch: 49 summary: NK cells of infants also had reduced antiviral activity such as defective killing of virus infected cells and reduced cytokine secretion (Jacobson et al., 2013) . Weaned infected piglets had higher NK cell frequencies compared to suckling infected piglets in blood (A) and ileum (B) at PID 5. keywords: activity; blood; cd3+cd8; cd4; cell; cell frequencies; clinical; cytokine; day; diarrhea; differences; different; disease; early; epidemic; et al; fecal; fig; frequencies; frequency; gnotobiotic; groups; higher; human; ifn; il-12; il-8; ileal; ileum; immune; immunity; induction; infected; infected pigs; infection; innate; inoculated; interferon; intestinal; jung; k562; killer; levels; lower; macrophages; mncs; natural; neonatal; newborn; nk cell; old; onset; pedv; pid; pids; piglets; pigs; points; porcine; production; proinflammatory; responses; rna; rotavirus; serum; severe; severity; shedding; significant; signs; similar; studies; study; suckling; t cell; time; titers; tnf; type; uninfected suckling; usa; viral; virus cache: cord-321992-lk2ao6m8.txt plain text: cord-321992-lk2ao6m8.txt item: #358 of 445 id: cord-322683-wkrj6n1d author: Zhang, Pengfei title: Cellular Poly(C) Binding Protein 2 Interacts with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Papain-Like Protease 1 and Supports Viral Replication date: 2020-07-13 words: 4080 flesch: 47 summary: A DNA sequence encoding PEDV PLP1 protein was cloned into pCMV-HA as previously described to yield the pCMV-PLP1-HA expression vector (Yu et al., 2019) . PLP1 overexpression enhanced endogenous accumulation of PCBP2 protein in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 6) . keywords: activity; analysis; anti; antibody; antiviral; cells; cellular; coronavirus; diarrhea; endogenous; epidemic; expression; fig; hek293; host; hpt; ifn; immune; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; like; overexpression; papain; pcbp2; pcmv; pcr; pecmv-3×flag; pedv; plp1; plp2; porcine; production; protease; protein; r n; replication; respiratory; responses; results; rna; role; signaling; syndrome; thermo; tnf; type; vector; viral; virus cache: cord-322683-wkrj6n1d.txt plain text: cord-322683-wkrj6n1d.txt item: #359 of 445 id: cord-323713-bc00vths author: Volpi, Stefano title: Efficacy and Adverse Events During Janus Kinase Inhibitor Treatment of SAVI Syndrome date: 2019-05-29 words: 3228 flesch: 40 summary: Monitoring of peripheral blood type I interferon signature during ruxolitinib treatment did not show a stable decrease. During three years of ruxolitinib treatment, P1 presented three flares of the skin lesions requiring brief cycles of steroids. keywords: age; anti; antibodies; biopsy; blood; case; clinical; control; day; disease; dyspnea; efficacy; episodes; fig; function; gene; healthy; ifn; infections; inhibitor; interferon; interferonopathies; interstitial; involvement; jak; jak1/2; lesions; lung; lymphocyte; mild; months; mutations; onset; patients; peripheral; present; pulmonary; resolution; respiratory; response; ruxolitinib; savi; sequencing; severe; signature; signs; skin; steroids; sting; supplementary; syndrome; table; therapeutic; therapy; tmem173; treatment; type; viral; years cache: cord-323713-bc00vths.txt plain text: cord-323713-bc00vths.txt item: #360 of 445 id: cord-323756-atnrw9ew author: Vabret, Nicolas title: Sensing Microbial RNA in the Cytosol date: 2013-12-25 words: 6419 flesch: 31 summary: A structural basis for discriminating between self and nonself double-stranded RNAs in mammalian cells Length-dependent recognition of double-stranded ribonucleic acids by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene Nonself RNA-sensing mechanism of RIG-I helicase and activation of antiviral immune responses The thermodynamic basis for viral RNA detection by the RIG-I innate immune sensor RIG-I detects viral genomic RNA during negative-strand RNA virus infection Incoming RNA virus nucleocapsids containing a 5'-triphosphorylated genome activate RIG-I and antiviral signaling Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses Innate immunity induced by composition-dependent RIG-I recognition of hepatitis C virus RNA Preference of RIG-I for short viral RNA molecules in infected cells revealed by next-generation sequencing Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA induces IL-10 through RIG-I-mediated IRF-3 signaling Adenovirus virus-associated RNAs induce type I interferon expression through a RIG-I-mediated pathway The 5' ends of RNA oligonucleotides in Escherichia coli and mRNA degradation Extracellular and intracellular pattern recognition receptors cooperate in the recognition of Helicobacter pylori IFNgamma inhibits the cytosolic replication of Shigella flexneri via the cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus Structural basis for dsRNA recognition, filament formation, and antiviral signal activation by MDA5 Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses Activation of MDA5 requires higher-order RNA structures generated during virus infection MDA5 detects the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirus-infected cells Innate immune response after adenoviral gene delivery into skin is mediated by AIM2, NALP3, DAI and mda5 Visualisation of direct interaction of MDA5 and the dsRNA replicative intermediate form of positive strand RNA viruses Activation of IFN-β expression by a viral mRNA through RNase L and MDA5 New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity Ribose 2'-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5 MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response Intracellular pathogen detection by RIG-I-like receptors The adaptor MAVS promotes NLRP3 mitochondrial localization and inflammasome activation Recognition of RNA virus by RIG-I results in activation of CARD9 and inflammasome signaling for interleukin 1 beta production Type I IFN triggers RIG-I/TLR3/NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation in influenza A virus infected cells The RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 recognizes the termini of double-stranded RNA The regulatory domain of the RIG-I family ATPase LGP2 senses doublestranded RNA LGP2 is a positive regulator of RIG-I-and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses ATP hydrolysis enhances RNA recognition and antiviral signal transduction by the innate immune sensor, laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) RNA ligands can be generated by DNA viruses and retroviruses via genome transcription, or by synthesis of mRNA and replication intermediates by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of RNA viruses (8) . keywords: -ppp; ability; able; acid; activate; activation; activity; adaptor; antiviral; authors; bacterial; binding; box; cells; cellular; cytoplasmic; cytosolic; ddx3; dependent; detection; dhx33; differentiation; dna; domain; double; dsrna; expression; family; features; gene; genome; genomic; helicase; host; human; ifit1; ifn; iii; immune; immunity; infected; infection; inflammasome; influenza; innate; interferon; lgp2; ligands; like; mavs; mda5; mechanism; methylation; microbial; mrna; nlrp3; non; pathway; pkr; poly(i; polymerase; production; protein; prrs; receptors; recognition; replication; response; rig; rna; rnas; role; self; sense; sensing; sensors; short; signaling; specific; structure; studies; study; system; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-323756-atnrw9ew.txt plain text: cord-323756-atnrw9ew.txt item: #361 of 445 id: cord-324674-yd7idp90 author: Zhang, Chengfei title: IFN-stimulated P2Y(13) protects mice from viral infection by suppressing the cAMP/EPAC1 signaling pathway date: 2018-08-22 words: 6107 flesch: 52 summary: P2 receptors can be further divided into P2Y receptors (P2YRs) and P2X receptors (P2XRs) based on their structures and distinct signaltransduction mechanisms. Furthermore, the protein expression of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) was significantly increased in P2Y 13 -deficient PEMs and overexpression of P2Y 13 in HeLa cells significantly repressed VSV replication ( Figure 3I ; Supplementary Figure 1 IFN signal pathway increases P2Y 13 expression. keywords: -deficient; activities; adp; antiviral; assay; bmdms; camp; cells; data; dependent; epac1; esi-09; expression; extracellular; figure; hek293; hela; hsv-1; ifn; induced; infected; infection; inhibited; inhibitor; interferon; knockout; little; manner; mice; moi; mouse; mrs; ndv; old; p2y; pathway; pcr; pems; pfu; pka; plates; potential; production; protein; purinergic; raw264.7; receptors; replicates; replication; results; rna; role; signaling; supplementary; type; virus; vsv; week cache: cord-324674-yd7idp90.txt plain text: cord-324674-yd7idp90.txt item: #362 of 445 id: cord-325624-6anybxnk author: Ireland, Derek D. C. title: RNase L Mediated Protection from Virus Induced Demyelination date: 2009-10-02 words: 8100 flesch: 39 summary: Cell type specific effects of anti-viral RNase L activity are also clearly evident from studies with West Nile virus (WNV). While mouse embryonic fibroblasts display RNase L dependent anti-viral activity [10] , IFN-b treatment revealed no affect of RNase L in reducing WNV replication in either cortical or peripheral motor neurons [11] . keywords: absence; activation; activity; anti; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; axonal; brain; carlsbad; cd8; cells; cns; consistent; contrast; control; cord; coronavirus; damage; data; day; days; deficiency; demyelination; dependent; enhanced; evident; expression; extent; fig; following; function; gliotropic; grey; hepatitis; host; iba-1; ifn; ifnar; increased; infected; infection; innate; interferon; invitrogen; jhm; levels; loss; macrophages; matter; mechanisms; mhv; mice; microglia; minutes; monocytes; morbidity; mortality; mouse; neuronal; neurons; neuroprotective; oas; overall; p.i; pathway; positive; prominent; protection; protein; relative; replication; responses; rnase; rnase l; role; similar; specific; spinal; spread; staining; stem; sustained; system; tissue; type; viral; virus; vitro; vivo; white; wnv; wt mice cache: cord-325624-6anybxnk.txt plain text: cord-325624-6anybxnk.txt item: #363 of 445 id: cord-325825-0lyt8gfq author: Griffiths, Samantha J. title: A Systematic Analysis of Host Factors Reveals a Med23-Interferon-λ Regulatory Axis against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication date: 2013-08-08 words: 12575 flesch: 40 summary: These data suggest HSV-1 proteins preferentially target highly connected central human proteins in the cellular interaction network, similar to other viruses [23] . A direct comparison of HSV-1 protein interaction partners and the siRNA screen HFs found 215 genes in common. keywords: 37uc; a549; activity; analysis; anti; assay; associated; association; bait; black; buffer; c12; capsid; cells; cellular; clinical; combined; complex; complexes; concentration; confidence; control; cycle; data; depletion; diluted; disease; dynein; e2s; early; effect; egfp; epithelial; expression; factors; figure; final; fluorescence; fold; following; functional; gene; genome; genotype; growth; hbss; hela; hepatitis; herpes; hfs; high; host; hsv-1; human; humidified; hybrid; icp0; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; incubator; individual; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitory; innate; interaction; interferon; irf7; known; lambda; levels; library; literature; luciferase; mean; med23; media; mediator; medium; min; mock; moi; multidrop; network; non; normalized; number; observed; pathways; pcr3; phenotype; plates; pml; polymorphism; positive; post; primary; promoter; protein; range; receptor; recurrent; red; regulation; replicates; replication; reporter; rnai; role; sample; scale; screen; screening; significant; simplex; sirna; slope; smartpools; specific; studies; study; subunits; system; table; text; transcription; transfection; transport; type; ubiquitin; vaccinia; viral; virus; virus replication; virus type; viruses; y2h; yeast cache: cord-325825-0lyt8gfq.txt plain text: cord-325825-0lyt8gfq.txt item: #364 of 445 id: cord-325989-nf6ouaq3 author: Es-Saad, Salwa title: Regulators of innate immunity as novel targets for panviral therapeutics date: 2012-09-24 words: 3735 flesch: 23 summary: Negative regulation of innate immune response and pathological consequences Antiviral innate response must be tightly regulated in order to prevent uncontrolled production of cytokines that might have deleterious effects on the host. Posttranslational modifications (phosphorylation and ubiquitination) have emerged as key mechanisms to regulate innate immune responses. keywords: activation; adaptive; adjuvant; agonists; antiviral; cells; chronic; clinical; cytokines; development; effects; efficacy; future; hcv; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; immunomodulatory; infected; infections; inflammatory; influenza; innate; interest; interferon; key; like; molecules; negative; new; novel; panviral; pathogen; patients; phase; potential; production; proteins; prr; receptors; recognition; regulation; regulators; responses; rig; rna; sensing; signaling; specific; system; targeted; targeting; targets; therapeutics; therapies; therapy; tlr; tlrs; toll; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-325989-nf6ouaq3.txt plain text: cord-325989-nf6ouaq3.txt item: #365 of 445 id: cord-326762-t89jtjmi author: Chen, Weiye title: Establishment of a stable CHO cell line with high level expression of recombinant porcine IFN-β date: 2011-06-30 words: 4064 flesch: 43 summary: Recombinant interferon from mammalian cell expression displays correct folding and glycosylation in comparison to that from other expression systems, best suited for use in therapeutics After pCN-PoIFN-b transfection, CHO cells were selected in the selection medium containing 800 lg/ml G418. keywords: activity; alpha; antiviral; beta; biological; cells; chicken; cho; cloning; control; culture; diluted; effect; expression; fig; fold; g418; gene; high; human; infection; interferon; level; line; mammalian; mdbk; medium; pca; pcr; pk15; plasmid; poifn; porcine; protein; prv; recombinant; reproductive; respiratory; stable; standard; study; swine; syndrome; tgev; therapy; type; virus cache: cord-326762-t89jtjmi.txt plain text: cord-326762-t89jtjmi.txt item: #366 of 445 id: cord-327000-oyg3oyx1 author: Li, Shasha title: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response date: 2020-05-11 words: 11139 flesch: 41 summary: These cap structures enhance the initiation of translation of viral proteins, protect viral mRNAs against cellular 5 -3 -exoribonuclease and limit the recognition of viral RNA by host innate system [120, 121] . Although several studies have been performed to understand the pathogenicity of PEDV, there remains limited information about the interaction between viral proteins and host cell factors during viral infection. keywords: acid; activation; activity; acute; addition; analysis; antagonist; antiviral; apoptosis; binding; blocks; cells; cellular; cleavage; complex; conserved; control; coronavirus; cov; covs; critical; cycle; degradation; dependent; diarrhea; diarrhea virus; different; domain; effect; endou; epidemic; essential; evasion; expression; factor; form; functions; gene; genome; hepatitis; host; hsp27; human; ifn; ifn production; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; important; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; innate immune; interferon; involved; irf3; large; like; mavs; mda5; mechanisms; membrane; mhv; mtase; multiple; n protein; nemo; nonstructural; nsp1; nsp3; nsp5; nsp7; nsps; nuclear; nucleocapsid; nucleus; orf3; papain; pathway; pedv; pedv nsp1; phosphorylation; plp2; porcine; porcine epidemic; production; promoter; protease; protein; receptor; recognition; regulation; replication; respiratory; response; rig; rna; role; sars; severe; signaling; stat1; strains; stress; structure; studies; syndrome; synthesis; target; tbk1; terminal; transcription; translocation; type; ubiquitination; unknown; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-327000-oyg3oyx1.txt plain text: cord-327000-oyg3oyx1.txt item: #367 of 445 id: cord-327135-4c2flue4 author: Chinnaswamy, S title: Gene–disease association with human IFNL locus polymorphisms extends beyond hepatitis C virus infections date: 2016-06-09 words: 9838 flesch: 39 summary: A recent report compared the strength of association of rs4803217 and rs368234815 in IFN treatment response in HCV-infected African Americans, who have the lowest reported LD values among all ethnicities between rs368234815 and rs12979860 SNPs (Figure 1b) . In case of IFN treatment response in chronic HCV infections, even though the IFN-λ4 -generating SNP can explain a large amount of variance in the observed phenotypes, 107 questions still remain on its role in spontaneous clearance of HCV. keywords: adaptive; african; allele; allergy; analysis; antiviral; associated; association; beneficial; cells; chronic; clearance; cmv; cohort; conditions; different; discovery; disease; dna; dominant; effect; epithelial; expression; figure; functional; functional ifn; gene; genetic; genotype; group; ham; hbv; hcv; hepatic; hepatitis; herpes; higher; hiv; host; htlv-1; human; ifn; ifnl; ifnl snps; ifns; iii; il28b; ilcs; immune; immunity; individuals; infected; infections; inflammation; inheritance; innate; interferon; interleukin; lambda; levels; liver; load; major; mice; minor; model; mrna; nafld; non; number; patients; polymorphisms; positive; progression; proviral; recent; receptor; ref; replication; report; reported; response; results; role; rs12979860; rs368234815; rs8099917; seronegative; similar; snps; spontaneous; strong; studies; study; subjects; th1; th2; therapy; treatment; tsp; type; viral; virus cache: cord-327135-4c2flue4.txt plain text: cord-327135-4c2flue4.txt item: #368 of 445 id: cord-327534-f2wvh6la author: Zhou, Peng title: IRF7 in the Australian Black Flying Fox, Pteropus alecto: Evidence for a Unique Expression Pattern and Functional Conservation date: 2014-08-06 words: 7755 flesch: 48 summary: Pictures show co-localisation of bat IRF7 or bat IRF3 with bat MyD88 in PaKiT03 cells and human IRF7 or human IRF3 with human MyD88 in HEK293T cells. Sequence differences in the MyD88 binding domain of bat and human IRF7 led to the hypothesis that there may be functional differences in the activation of bat IRF7 and the regulation of the IFN response that may contribute to the ability of bats to resist the clinical outcomes of viral infection. keywords: ability; activation; activity; alecto; analysis; anti; antibody; antiviral; bat; bat ifn; bat irf7; bat myd88; bats; binding; cdna; cells; conservation; conserved; cow; data; dependent; differences; distribution; domain; expression; factor; figure; fish; flag; following; functional; gene; genome; gfp; hek293; horse; human; human irf7; ifn; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; important; induction; infection; innate; interferon; irf3; irf7; knockdown; like; mammals; mouse; myd88; pakit03; pathway; pcr; plasmids; production; promega; promoter; protein; pteropid; receptor; region; regulation; regulatory; replication; response; results; role; sequence; sev; signaling; siirf7; similar; site; species; system; tissues; transcription; transfection; type; vector; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-327534-f2wvh6la.txt plain text: cord-327534-f2wvh6la.txt item: #369 of 445 id: cord-327685-fymfqvp3 author: Channappanavar, Rudragouda title: Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology date: 2017-05-02 words: 5844 flesch: 29 summary: expression impair respiratory DC migration, resulting in diminished T cell responses upon respiratory virus infection in mice A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease Early upregulation of acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated cytokines promotes lethal disease in an aged-mouse model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection The PDZ-binding motif of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein is a determinant of viral pathogenesis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein ion channel activity promotes virus fitness and pathogenesis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus E protein transports calcium ions and activates the NLRP3 inflammasome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques Asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in rabbits Prophylaxis with a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-specific human monoclonal antibody protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection Infection with MERS-CoV causes lethal pneumonia in the common marmoset Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/ 2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease Receptor variation and susceptibility to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome Animal models for SARS and MERS coronaviruses Animal models of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Pre-and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection A mouse model for MERS coronavirusinduced acute respiratory distress syndrome Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane Interaction of SARS and MERS coronaviruses with the antiviral interferon response Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nsp1 suppresses host gene expression, including that of type I interferon, in infected cells Coronavirus papain-like proteases negatively regulate antiviral innate immune response through disruption of STING-mediated signaling Interferon and cytokine responses to SARS-coronavirus infection SARS coronavirus pathogenesis: host innate immune responses and viral antagonism of interferon Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus evades antiviral signaling: role of nsp1 and rational design of an attenuated strain The Conserved Coronavirus Macrodomain Promotes Virulence and Suppresses the Innate Immune Response during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease ubiquitin-like domain and catalytic domain regulate antagonism of IRF3 and NF-kappaB signaling Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus open reading frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and nucleocapsid proteins function as interferon antagonists SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein antagonizes IFN-beta response by targeting initial step of IFN-beta induction pathway, and its C-terminal region is critical for the antagonism Suppression of innate antiviral response by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein is mediated through the first transmembrane domain Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein suppresses type I interferon expression through the inhibition of TBK1-dependent phosphorylation of IRF3 The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a, ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists Initial viral load and the outcomes of SARS Proliferative growth of SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells Viral load kinetics of MERS coronavirus infection Lung epithelial apoptosis in influenza virus pneumonia: the role of macrophage-expressed TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand Macrophage-expressed IFN-beta contributes to apoptotic alveolar epithelial cell injury in severe influenza virus pneumonia Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP2 protects against pulmonary tissue necrosis during influenza virus infection to promote host survival T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice Adaptive immune cells temper initial innate responses Not so fast: adaptive suppression of innate immunity Transcriptomic analysis reveals a mechanism for a prefibrotic phenotype in STAT1 knockout mice during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Induction of alternatively activated macrophages enhances pathogenesis during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Genome wide identification of SARS-CoV susceptibility loci using the collaborative cross Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Characterization of cytokine/chemokine profiles of severe acute respiratory syndrome Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS: systematic review of treatment effects Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study Treatment with interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study The use of corticosteroid as treatment in SARS was associated with adverse outcomes: a retrospective cohort study High-dose pulse versus nonpulse corticosteroid regimens in severe acute respiratory syndrome Corticosteroid treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options IFNlambda is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNalpha treatment IFN-lambda resolves inflammation via suppression of neutrophil infiltration and IL-1beta production Identification of oxidative stress and Toll-like receptor 4 signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury The TLR4 antagonist Eritoran protects mice from lethal influenza infection Endothelial cells are central orchestrators of cytokine amplification during influenza virus infection Suppression of cytokine storm with a sphingosine analog provides protection against pathogenic influenza virus Silencing of CCR2 in myocarditis Therapeutic siRNA silencing in inflammatory monocytes in mice Immunomodulatory therapy for severe influenza The effect of inhibition of PP1 and TNFalpha signaling on pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Anthony Fehr for careful review of this manuscript. key: cord-327685-fymfqvp3 authors: Channappanavar, Rudragouda; Perlman, Stanley title: Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology date: 2017-05-02 journal: keywords: acute; acute respiratory; aged; alveolar; animal; antiviral; ards; cause; cells; chemokines; clinical; contrast; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cytokine; disease; dysregulated; early; east; epithelial; excessive; hcov; high; host; human; ifn; illness; imms; immune; immunopathology; individuals; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; innate; interferon; lethal; levels; like; lung; macrophages; mers; mice; middle; mild; models; moderate; monocyte; mortality; mouse; pathogenesis; pathogenic; patients; pneumonia; pro; protein; receptor; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; results; role; sars; severe; severity; signaling; studies; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; therapeutic; therapy; titers; tnf; type; viral; viruses cache: cord-327685-fymfqvp3.txt plain text: cord-327685-fymfqvp3.txt item: #370 of 445 id: cord-327855-txryqil7 author: Kulka, M. title: The cytopathic 18f strain of Hepatitis A virus induces RNA degradation in FrhK4 cells date: 2003 words: 8717 flesch: 43 summary: Degradation of rRNA has not been reported previously in HAV infected cells, therefore, the rRNA origin of the observed degradation The probe for 18S RNA was a 1.2 kb fragment of the mouse 18S The parental HM175/clone 1 virus (clone 1), also used in the present study, produced no changes in cell morphology after several months of continuous culture of infected cells, although viral antigens could be detected by EIA after four weeks of weekly subculture following the initial infection. keywords: 18f; 18s; 28s; absence; actin; activation; analysis; anti; apoptosis; blot; buffer; cbv1; cells; cellular; changes; clone; control; cpe; culture; cytopathic; data; days; degradation; dependent; dsrna; effect; eia; electrophoresis; expression; fig; frhk4; frhk4 cells; gapdh; gel; gene; genome; growth; hav; hepatitis; hm175; hm175/18f; host; hpi; human; hybridization; ifn; induction; infected; infected cells; infection; inhibition; interferon; lane; levels; medium; membranes; min; mock; molecular; mrnas; pathway; present; probe; products; protein; rapid; region; replication; results; ribosomal; rna; rna degradation; rnase; rrna; sds; specific; stat1; strains; synthesis; synthetase; total; transcription; translation; treatment; viral; viral rna; virus; viruses; vp1 cache: cord-327855-txryqil7.txt plain text: cord-327855-txryqil7.txt item: #371 of 445 id: cord-328252-dk54w8z9 author: Kikkert, Marjolein title: Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses date: 2019-10-14 words: 11567 flesch: 34 summary: Although the exact mechanism of inhibition is still not clear for several of the viruses inhibited by Mx proteins, Mx GTPase family members bind to intracellular membranes, and in cytosolic +RNA virus infections Mx proteins could target the ROs As discussed in the beginning of this review, the type I IFN antiviral pathway is very relevant for RNA virus infections, and an essential adaptor that enables downstream signaling in this pathway is IPS-1 (also called MAVS). keywords: activation; activities; activity; adaptive; antiviral; cap; cause; cells; cellular; clear; cleavage; common; coronavirus; cov; covs; cytosol; defense; degradation; different; disease; dsrna; effective; efficient; epithelial; evasion; evasive; example; expression; factor; formation; functions; gbps; genome; granule; host; human; ifn; iii; immune; immune evasion; immune responses; immune system; immunity; immunol; important; induction; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibition; inhibits; innate; innate immune; interaction; interferon; isg15; knowledge; ligase; like; lung; machinery; macrophages; mda5; mechanisms; mers; molecular; mrnas; new; non; novel; ns1; nsp1; nucleus; organelles; pathway; pkr; plpro; polymerase; protease; protection; protein; recent; recognition; replication; respiratory; respiratory viruses; responses; review; rhinovirus; rig; rna; rna viruses; role; ros; rsv; sars; sensors; shut; signaling; species; specific; strategies; stress; structures; subsequent; suppress; syncytial; syndrome; system; tissue; tract; translation; type; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; vaccines; viral; viral innate; viral replication; viral rna; viruses; way cache: cord-328252-dk54w8z9.txt plain text: cord-328252-dk54w8z9.txt item: #372 of 445 id: cord-328804-f7etlk5i author: Olofsson, Peter title: Arthritis suppression by NADPH activation operates through an interferon-β pathway date: 2007-05-09 words: 7791 flesch: 44 summary: Although pristane stimulates the expression of these cytokine-regulated genes, no direct conclusions about whether these genes are involved in the cause of arthritis can be drawn, as no difference in gene expression could be seen between the arthritis-susceptible strain (DA) and the arthritis-protected strain (DA.Ncf1 E3 ) (Figures 7 and 9C) . Statistical significance of the difference in gene expression was determined using the two-sided Student's t-test. keywords: activating; administration; affymetrix; analysis; analyzed; animals; arthritis; best5; biological; blood; burst; cdna; cells; complex; da.ncf1; data; days; development; difference; disease; effect; experiments; expression; figure; fold; genes; global; groups; human; ifit3; ifn; ifnβ; immune; induction; inflammatory; inguinal; injection; interferon; irf7; levels; lymph; mechanism; models; molecular; mx2; nadph; ncf1; new; nodes; oas1; observed; onset; oxidase; oxidative; pathway; patients; pcr; peripheral; phytol; pristane; profiling; quantitative; rats; real; regulation; response; rheumatoid; rna; role; ros; s100a9; severity; significance; sle; strains; studies; study; subcutaneous; susceptible; system; time; tissue; treatment; type; usa cache: cord-328804-f7etlk5i.txt plain text: cord-328804-f7etlk5i.txt item: #373 of 445 id: cord-328947-3l9ydspz author: Webb, L. G. title: Chikungunya virus antagonizes cGAS-STING mediated type-I interferon responses by degrading cGAS date: 2020-10-15 words: 9891 flesch: 45 summary: Because CHIKV can inhibit cellular transcription, the reduction in cGAS expression over time in CHIKV infected cells could also be due to reduced cGAS transcripts, ultimately leading to reduced newly translated cGAS. mRNA levels of cGAS were quantified and there were no differences in CHIKV infected cells when compared to mock or NDV at 4 hpi (Fig 4B) indicating that a decrease in cGAS transcripts is not responsible for the rapid loss of cGAS expression following CHIKV infection. keywords: ability; activation; activity; analysis; antagonism; antiviral; atg7; autophagy; buffer; capsid; cells; cellular; cgas; cgas expression; chikungunya; chikv; chikv infection; coli; conditions; constructs; control; critical; cyclic; cytoplasm; cytosolic; data; degradation; dengue; denv; described; different; direct; disease; dna; early; experiments; expression; fig; flag; fold; gene; hek-293; hek-293ts; hff-1s; hpi; hrs; human; ifn; ifnß; ifnβ; immune; immunoblotting; immunoprecipitation; increase; independent; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; levels; loop; lysates; manufacturer; membrane; mock; moi; murine; mva; ndv; non; nsp1; nsp4; nsps; page; palmitoylation; pathway; post; previous; primary; protein; reduced; reduction; release; replication; reporter; representative; responses; result; rig; rna; role; sds; sensing; sigma; signaling; significant; sting; structural; transcription; transcripts; transfection; translational; treatment; type; uvc; viral; virus; viruses; work cache: cord-328947-3l9ydspz.txt plain text: cord-328947-3l9ydspz.txt item: #374 of 445 id: cord-329190-kv9n2qj3 author: Rabaan, Ali A. title: A review of candidate therapies for Middle East respiratory syndrome from a molecular perspective date: 2017-09-01 words: 8912 flesch: 43 summary: www.inovio.com/products/ infectious-disease-vaccines/mers A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates MERS-CoV vaccine candidates in development: the current landscape Delayed induction of proinflammatory cytokines and suppression of innate antiviral response by the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: implications for pathogenesis and treatment Toll-Like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-a treatment Inhibition of novel b coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-a2b and ribavirin Treatment with interferon-a2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques Bioinformatics analysis on molecular mechanism of Ribavirin and interferon-a in treating MERS-CoV Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-b1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset Middle Eastern Respiratory syndrome Corona virus (MERS CoV): case reports from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation The spike protein of the emerging betacoronavirus EMC uses a novel coronavirus receptor for entry, can be activated by TMPRSS2, and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein The heptad repeat region is a major selection target in MERS-CoV and related coronaviruses Identification of nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the split-protein-based cell-cell fusion assay Glycopeptide antibiotics potently inhibit cathepsin L in the late endosome/lysosome and block the entry of Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Crystal structure of the papain-like protease of MERS coronavirus reveals unusual, potentially druggable active-site features Proteolytic processing, deubiquitinase and interferon antagonist activities of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus papain-like protease Inhibitor recognition specificity of MERS-CoV papain-like protease may differ from that of SARS-CoV X-ray Structure and Enzymatic Activity Profile of a Core Papain-like Protease of MERS Coronavirus with utility for structure-based drug design Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture Towards improving clinical management of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Cross host transmission in the emergence of MERS coronavirus Rooting the phylogenetic tree of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by characterization of a conspecific virus from an African bat Close relative of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in bat MERS-Coronavirus molecular epidemiology and genetic analysis -Origin and evolution MERS coronavirus: diagnostics, epidemiology and transmission Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics Evolutionary dynamics of MERS-CoV: potential recombination, positive selection and transmission MERS-CoV spike protein: a key target for antivirals Host species restriction of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Adenosine deaminase acts as a natural antagonist for dipeptidyl peptidase 4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Glycosylation of mouse DPP4 plays a role in inhibiting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry Critical assessment of the important residues involved in the dimerization and catalysis of MERS Coronavirus Main protease Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a, ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF4b protein inhibits type I interferon production through both cytoplasmic and nuclear targets Productive replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells modulates innate immune response High secretion of interferons by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells upon recognition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus efficiently infects human primary T lymphocytes and activates the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways Adjunctive therapies and immunomodulating agents for severe influenza Hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin treatment: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial for patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis SARS: systematic review of treatment effects Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Treatment strategies for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Clinical and laboratory findings of the first imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus to the United States Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV A conformationdependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies Passive transfer of A Germline-like neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects transgenic mice against Lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Prophylaxis with a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-Specific human monoclonal antibody protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein Structural basis for the neutralization of MERS-CoV by a human monoclonal antibody MERS-27 A humanized neutralizing antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein Single-dose treatment with a humanized neutralizing antibody affords full protection of a human transgenic mouse model from lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection Rapid generation of a human monoclonal antibody to combat Middle East respiratory syndrome 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 Inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection by anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor Interaction between heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in spike protein of SARS-associated coronavirus: implications for virus fusogenic mechanism and identification of fusion inhibitors Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection inhibition using spike protein heptad repeatderived peptides Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor against MERS-CoV infection A truncated receptorbinding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines Intranasal vaccination with recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein induces much stronger local mucosal immune responses than subcutaneous immunization: implication for designing novel mucosal MERS vaccines Receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against MERS-CoV Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Recombinant receptor-binding domains of multiple Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (MERS-CoVs) induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against divergent human and camel MERS-CoVs and antibody escape mutants Purified coronavirus spike protein nanoparticles induce coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in mice Toward developing a preventive MERS-CoV Vaccine-Report from a workshop organized by the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health and the International Vaccine Institute Protective efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara delivering Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein Systemic and mucosal immunity in mice elicited by a single immunization with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector-based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus A highly immunogenic and protective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a recombinant measles virus vaccine platform An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels GLS-5300 SynCon® immunotherapy targeting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. keywords: a2b; activity; acute; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; arabia; available; binding; camels; candidate; case; cell; clinical; combination; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; development; disease; domain; dpp4; drugs; east; east respiratory; effective; efficacy; entry; example; fig; fusion; high; hospital; host; hr2; human; ifn; ifns; immune; important; infection; inhibitor; interferon; like; lopinavir; mabs; mers; mice; middle; middle east; model; molecular; monoclonal; mortality; mouse; neutralizing; options; outbreak; patients; peptides; pl(pro; plasma; potential; promising; prophylactic; protease; protective; protein; rate; rbd; receptor; reduction; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; results; ribavirin; ritonavir; sars; saudi; severe; specific; spike; structure; studies; study; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; table; targeting; targets; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; tmprss2; transgenic; transmission; treatment; trials; type; use; vaccine; viral; vitro; vivo cache: cord-329190-kv9n2qj3.txt plain text: cord-329190-kv9n2qj3.txt item: #375 of 445 id: cord-329366-xuszdrsa author: Hackbart, Matthew title: Coronavirus endoribonuclease targets viral polyuridine sequences to evade activating host sensors date: 2020-04-07 words: 7216 flesch: 48 summary: both reduces PUN RNA abundance and suppresses host MDA5 activation, we hypothesized that CoV PUN RNA is a PAMP. We found that the presence of PUN RNAs increased IFNβ1 expression by 2,000-fold (Fig. 7B) , which was fourfold higher than any other in vitro transcribed viral RNA, indicating that PUN RNA is a PAMP. keywords: a59; abundance; accumulation; activation; activity; aml12; antibody; antiviral; associated; bmdms; cdna; cells; cleavage; conserved; coronavirus; cov; covs; dependent; dsrna; endoribonuclease; endou; endou activity; endoumut; expression; extension; fig; genome; hepatitis; higher; host; ifn; ifnβ1; immune; infected; infection; interferon; kit; length; limit; mda5; mechanism; mhv; mouse; negative; nsp15; pamp; pedv; polyu; positive; primer; protein; pun; pun rna; qpcr; reads; recognition; replication; residues; response; results; rna; rnas; sense; sense rna; sensors; sequences; sequencing; set; stimulation; strand; structure; studies; study; synthesis; tail; target; transcribed; type; unique; uridines; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; wild cache: cord-329366-xuszdrsa.txt plain text: cord-329366-xuszdrsa.txt item: #376 of 445 id: cord-329424-hmsidrc7 author: Grunwell, Jocelyn R. title: Differential type I interferon response and primary airway neutrophil extracellular trap release in children with acute respiratory distress syndrome date: 2020-11-04 words: 4871 flesch: 30 summary: Increased airway cell IFN signaling, neutrophil activation, and NET production is associated with PARDS. The gating strategy for selecting airway neutrophils is shown (Fig. keywords: activation; acute; adults; airway; aspirate; bacterial; cells; children; clinical; data; days; dependent; differential; disease; distress; dysfunction; elevated; emory; expression; extracellular; failure; fig; fluid; formation; free; higher; host; ifn; infection; inflammation; influence; influenza; injury; interferon; intubated; isg; isg15; isgs; levels; lower; lung; mechanical; mortality; netosis; nets; neutrophil; nox; outcomes; oxygen; pards; pathway; patients; pediatric; phosphorylation; pneumonia; primary; production; receptor; release; respiratory; response; risk; samples; sars; sepsis; severity; signaling; stat1; study; syndrome; systemic; tracheal; traps; type; ventilator; viral; www.nature.com/scientificreports/ cache: cord-329424-hmsidrc7.txt plain text: cord-329424-hmsidrc7.txt item: #377 of 445 id: cord-329618-kywhulpc author: Xu, Cheng title: A de novo transcriptome analysis shows that modulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 favors virus replication in macrophage/dendritic-like TO-cells date: 2016-05-23 words: 8333 flesch: 45 summary: The type II receptor genes were subdivided into two groups namely the interleukin (IL) and IFN receptor genes. [45] suggest that Atlantic salmon possess two clusters type I IFN receptor genes located on different chromosomes which allow for a large repertoire of IFN receptors than mammals and zebrafish. keywords: activation; alphavirus; analysis; antiviral; apoptosis; assembly; atlantic; block; cells; cytokine; data; degs; dendritic; different; effect; expression; family; fig; fish; genes; group; higher; ifn; ifn treatment; ifnα; ifnγ; infected; infection; inhibition; interferon; jak; jak1; jak2; jaks; kegg; kinase; level; like; mechanisms; modulation; negative; network; non; novo; observations; pathway; pcr; pias; protein; qrt; quality; reads; receptor; receptor genes; replication; rna; salmon; salmonid; sav3; sav3 cells; sav3 infection; seq; sequences; signaling; socs; software; stat; stat pathway; study; table; total; transcription; transcriptome; treatment; trout; tyk2; type; tyrosine; upregulated; value; virus cache: cord-329618-kywhulpc.txt plain text: cord-329618-kywhulpc.txt item: #378 of 445 id: cord-330176-1ugzkf22 author: Weeratunga, Prasanna title: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Interferon-mediated antiviral activities of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its active components date: 2016-01-05 words: 7988 flesch: 45 summary: These results indicate that oral inoculation of Angelica tenuissima Nakai extracts stimulate mucosal immune cells of small intestine and ultimately induce the strong inhibition of influenza virus replication in bronchoalveolar through the mucosal immune response system. Of 11 fractions, FR-5 was detected at a wavelength and retention time of 325 nm and 16.33 min, and the concentration of FR-5 in 6.0 mg/ml (w/v) of Angelica tenuissima Nakai extract was found to be 5.48 μg/ml ( Fig. 7A and B) . keywords: acid; activities; activity; angelica; angelica tenuissima; antiviral; aqueous; assay; balb; balf; body; cells; compounds; control; culture; cytokines; diseases; dmem; dpi; drugs; effects; elisa; ev-71; expression; extract; ferulic; fig; fold; fractions; gfp; groups; hek293; hela; higher; hpi; hpt; hsv; human; ifn; ifns; iga; il-6; immune; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; interferon; levels; lung; mice; min; murine; nakai; pbs; plant; plates; pr8; pro; raw264.7; raw264.7 cells; reduced; reduction; replication; results; secretion; signaling; significant; state; study; survival; system; tenuissima; tenuissima nakai; tested; time; titers; total; treatment; type; untreated; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo; vsv; weight cache: cord-330176-1ugzkf22.txt plain text: cord-330176-1ugzkf22.txt item: #379 of 445 id: cord-332071-bqvn3ceq author: Lee, Jeong Seok title: Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 date: 2020-07-10 words: 7122 flesch: 46 summary: Based on the distribution of UMI counts, the cluster 'Uncategorized 1' was featured by relatively high UMIs per cell compared to other clusters and presence of higher expression of multiple cell type marker genes. These results indicate that, in COVID-19, peripheral blood immune cells may be influenced by common inflammatory mediators regardless of cell type. keywords: addition; analysis; anti; biological; biosciences; blood; cases; cd4; cd8; cell; changes; classical; clinical; cluster; clustering; common; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; current; cytokine; data; degs; different; disease; donor; expression; features; fig; genes; group; healthy; ifn; il-1β; immune; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influenza; kit; lethal; like; list; lung; mild; monocytes; mortem; non; pathways; patients; patterns; pbmcs; peripheral; post; pro; regulation; relative; respiratory; response; results; samples; sars; scrna; seq; seurat; severe; severe covid-19; severe influenza; signatures; single; specific; study; table; test; time; tissues; tnf; type; uncategorized; variable cache: cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt plain text: cord-332071-bqvn3ceq.txt item: #380 of 445 id: cord-332154-2gej7h1d author: Meier, William A. title: Cytokines and synthetic double-stranded RNA augment the T helper 1 immune response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus date: 2004-12-08 words: 9191 flesch: 30 summary: However, this pathogen is also apparently a poor stimulator of IL-12 production, since a negligible quantity of IL-12 mRNA or protein was produced by porcine PBMC exposed in vitro to PRRSV Zuckermann et al., unpublished observations) . The initial antibody-dominated immune response is not the result of insufficient antigenic stimulation, since neither the inclusion of a commercial adjuvant during primary vaccination (Meier et al., 2003) nor booster immunizations of previously heavily vaccinated pigs (Bassaganya-Riera et al., 2004) enhances virus-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI). keywords: ability; adaptive; additional; adjuvant; alpha; animals; antibodies; antibody; assay; blood; cdna; cell; challenge; comparison; cpg; cytokine; days; dendritic; development; differences; disease; effect; encoding; et al; expression; fig; fold; frequency; g sc; gamma; gene; group; host; humoral; i.m; ia-1; ifn; il-12; immune; immune response; immunity; immunization; immunized; increase; induced; infection; innate; interferon; limited; mean; meier; meier et; mlv; natural; naïve; neutralizing; non; pathogen; pbmc; pcpil12; pigs; pina; plasmid; poly; porcine; porcine reproductive; positive; post; presence; production; protective; prrsv; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; sera; serum; significant; similar; specific; specific ifn; stimulation; strain; studies; study; swine; syndrome; syndrome virus; tcid; time; titers; type; vaccinated; vaccination; vaccine; viral; virus; weeks cache: cord-332154-2gej7h1d.txt plain text: cord-332154-2gej7h1d.txt item: #381 of 445 id: cord-332632-u2ud0vmq author: Lussi, Carmela title: What can pestiviral endonucleases teach us about innate immunotolerance? date: 2016-03-17 words: 8710 flesch: 36 summary: The replicative intermediate molecule of bovine viral diarrhoea virus contains multiple nascent strands Characterization of RNA synthesis during a one-step growth curve and of the replication mechanism of bovine viral diarrhoea virus Properties of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus replicase in extracts of infected MDBK cells Doublestranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses Role of doublestranded RNA and N pro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells The viral RNase E rns prevents IFN type-I triggering by pestiviral single-and doublestranded RNAs Morphogenesis of pestiviruses: new insights from ultrastructural studies of strain giraffe-1 A cellular Jdomain protein modulates polyprotein processing and cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus The double-stranded RNA-induced apoptosis pathway is involved in the cytopathogenicity of cytopathogenic Bovine viral diarrhea virus Intracellular detection of viral nucleic acids BVDV: a pestivirus inducing tolerance of the innate immune response Self and nonself manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells Classical swine fever virus N pro limits type I interferon induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by interacting with interferon regulatory factor 7 The amino-terminal domain of bovine viral diarrhea virus N pro protein is necessary for alpha/beta interferon antagonism RNasedependent inhibition of extra-but not intracellular, dsRNA-induced IFN synthesis by E rns of pestiviruses Classical swine fever virus interferes with cellular antiviral defense: evidence for a novel function of N pro No love lost between viruses and interferons Interferons and viruses: an evolutionary arms race of molecular interactions Microbial sensing by toll-like receptors and intracellular nucleic acid sensors, Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Viral RNA detection by RIG-I-like receptors Identification of the role of RIG-I, MDA-5 and TLR3 in sensing RNA viruses in porcine epithelial cells using lentivirus-driven RNA interference Efficient sensing of infected cells in absence of virus particles by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is blocked by the viral ribonuclease E rns Fc gamma RII-dependent sensitisation of natural interferonproducing cells for viral infection and interferon-alpha responses Extracellular dsRNA: its function and mechanism of cellular uptake Autophagydependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells Autophagy during early stages contributes to bovine viral diarrhea virus replication in MDBK cells N pro expressed in virus infected cells is responsible for polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor IRF-3 in an as yet unknown manner but without requiring its proteolytic activity. keywords: able; acids; activation; active; activity; adaptive; addition; animals; antagonists; antiviral; autoimmune; autoimmunity; binding; biotype; bovine; bovine viral; bvdv; cells; classical; compartments; contrast; control; csfv; defense; degradation; dendritic; dependent; diarrhea; disease; dna; double; dsrna; e rns; endosomal; envelope; exonuclease; expression; extracellular; fact; fever; fig; genome; glycoprotein; helix; host; ifn; immune; immunity; immunostimulatory; immunotolerance; induction; infected; infection; innate; innate immune; institute; interferon; large; like; ll-37; lupus; mechanism; membrane; mice; molecular; mutations; ncp; new; non; nucleases; nucleic; number; order; particles; pdcs; persistent; pestiviral; pestiviruses; proteins; prrs; receptors; recognition; replication; response; rig; rna; rnase; rns; role; self; sensing; single; strand; structural; swine; synthesis; system; tlr-7; tlrs; type; university; viral; viral rna; virology; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-332632-u2ud0vmq.txt plain text: cord-332632-u2ud0vmq.txt item: #382 of 445 id: cord-332688-xqt2aw96 author: Jalkanen, Juho title: Glucocorticoids inhibit type I IFN beta signaling and the upregulation of CD73 in human lung date: 2020-05-19 words: 1222 flesch: 37 summary: As type I interferons (IFNs) are our first line of defense against severe viral respiratory infections, we explored whether glucocorticoids interfere with IFN signaling and whether their use associates with outcome of IFN beta treatment of ARDS. Immunofluorescence staining of IRF9 in primary human pulmonary endothelial cells after IFN beta treatment with or without HC showing marked inhibition of nuclear translocation of IRF9 by HC, the representative results of three independent experiments with the similar results. keywords: ards; article; beta-1a; cd73; endothelial; fig; glucocorticoids; hydrocortisone; ifn; irf9; lung; mortality; patients; propensity; pulmonary; results; signaling; treatment; trial; type; use cache: cord-332688-xqt2aw96.txt plain text: cord-332688-xqt2aw96.txt item: #383 of 445 id: cord-333208-tibtngy8 author: Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel title: Antiviral Role of IFITM Proteins in African Swine Fever Virus Infection date: 2016-04-26 words: 5875 flesch: 42 summary: Expression of IFITM1, 2 and 3 reduced virus infectivity in Vero cells, with IFITM2 and IFITM3 having an impact on viral entry/uncoating. The role of IFITM2 in the inhibition of ASFV in Vero cells could be related to impaired endocytosis-mediated viral entry and alterations in the cholesterol efflux, suggesting that IFITM2 is acting at the late endosome, preventing the decapsidation stage of ASFV. keywords: accumulation; african; analysis; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; asfv; ba71v; bio; cells; cellular; cholesterol; clone; colocalization; compartments; confocal; control; dependent; different; distribution; dna; double; effect; endocytosis; endogenous; endosomal; endosomes; entry; expression; family; fever; fig; fusion; gene; host; hpi; human; ifitm2; ifn; infected; infection; inhibition; interferon; late; levels; lines; membrane; min; monoclonal; mouse; number; overexpression; p150; p72; pathway; pattern; pbs; perinuclear; progression; protein; rad; replication; results; role; sigma; software; specific; stable; structures; swine; total; treatment; type; universal; vector; vero; vero cells; vesicular; viral; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-333208-tibtngy8.txt plain text: cord-333208-tibtngy8.txt item: #384 of 445 id: cord-333286-lr32e0w4 author: Lehtoranta, Liisa title: Role of Probiotics in Stimulating the Immune System in Viral Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Review date: 2020-10-16 words: 6772 flesch: 29 summary: The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections Respiratory virus infections Emerging respiratory viruses other than influenza SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic characteristics of human rhinovirus infection among otherwise healthy children and adults: Rhinovirus among adults and children Pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection Nasal microbiota clusters associate with inflammatory response, viral load, and symptom severity in experimental rhinovirus challenge Mechanisms of viral mutation Viral manipulation of the host immune response Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans Epithelial cells and airway diseases The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: Balancing virus clearance and immunopathology The morphology of virus particles. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge for pre-clinical and clinical studies investigating the effect of probiotics on respiratory virus infections, immune response, and the course of upper and lower respiratory tract illness. keywords: ability; action; activation; acute; adults; analyses; antiviral; bacteria; cells; children; clinical; common; control; cytokines; data; days; duration; effective; effects; efficacy; epithelial; evidence; expression; function; gasseri; gene; gut; health; host; human; ifn; il-10; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; innate; intestinal; lactis; lactobacillus; lower; lung; macrophages; meta; mice; microbiota; modulate; modulation; mucosal; outcomes; placebo; poly; probiotics; receptors; replication; respiratory; respiratory viruses; response; review; rhamnosus; rhinovirus; role; rsv; rtis; similar; specific; spp; stimulation; strains; studies; study; supplementation; system; tlr3; tract; trials; type; upper; urti; viral; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-333286-lr32e0w4.txt plain text: cord-333286-lr32e0w4.txt item: #385 of 445 id: cord-333423-jhm7u8ka author: Wang, Dang title: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus nsp11 Antagonizes Type I Interferon Signaling by Targeting IRF9 date: 2019-05-15 words: 7270 flesch: 39 summary: Furthermore, the three-dimensional (3D) structures of NendoU activity-defective arterivirus nsp11 (K173A in PRRSV nsp11; H141A and K170A in EAV nsp11) are remarkably similar to those of WT PRRSV nsp11 (21, 23) , with an overall root mean square deviation (RMSD) range of 0.408 to 2.000 Å (data not shown), suggesting that the Ala substitution in His129, His144, and Lys173 of PRRSV nsp11 in this study might not prevent the core conformations of nsp11 protein from folding correctly. Here, we found that PRRSV nsp11 also inhibited IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter activity and subsequent transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). keywords: ability; activity; anti; antibody; antiviral; arterivirus; assay; cells; china; complex; control; cytoplasmic; cytotoxicity; data; domain; endogenous; endoribonuclease; expression; factor; fig; formation; function; gene; h129a; h144a; hek-293; iad; ifn; ifn signaling; ifns; immune; indicated; infected; infection; inhibited; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; irf9; isgf3; isgs; isre; k173a; lanes; levels; luciferase; mutants; nendou; nonstructural; nsp11; nuclear; pathway; pedv; phosphorylated; plasmid; porcine; previous; production; promoter; protein; prrsv; prrsv nsp11; replication; reproductive; respiratory; responses; results; signaling; stat2; studies; study; syndrome; targeting; transcription; translocation; type; usa; viral; virus; y690; y701 cache: cord-333423-jhm7u8ka.txt plain text: cord-333423-jhm7u8ka.txt item: #386 of 445 id: cord-333463-u7je0d1o author: Diaz-Salazar, Carlos title: Natural killer cell responses to emerging viruses of zoonotic origin date: 2020-08-09 words: 6200 flesch: 36 summary: Moreover, during viral infection, pro-inflammatory Table 1 Overview of NK cell response to emerging viruses of zoonotic origin, as identified by the WHO [2, 177] . Viruses Control of acute Arboviral infection by natural killer cells Association of HLA class-I and inhibitory KIR genotypes in Gabonese patients infected by chikungunya or dengue type-2 viruses Phenotypic and functional analyses of NK and NKT-like populations during the early stages of chikungunya infection Caribbean and la reunion chikungunya virus isolates differ in their capacity to induce proinflammatory Th1 and NK cell responses and acute joint pathology World Health Organization methodology to prioritize emerging infectious diseases in need of research and development keywords: activation; acute; analysis; animal; antibody; antiviral; bats; cases; cells; cellular; chikungunya; class; cmv; contribute; control; coronaviruses; covid-19; critical; cytokines; cytomegalovirus; cytotoxicity; dengue; dependent; disease; e.g.; early; ebola; encephalitis; expression; fatal; fatality; fever; glycoprotein; high; hla; host; human; ifn; immune; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; inhibitory; innate; interferon; killer; killing; lassa; levels; ligands; likely; marburg; mechanisms; mers; mhc; mice; models; mouse; natural; nile; nipah; nk cells; pathology; patients; peptides; production; rabies; rate; receptors; recognition; respiratory; responses; review; role; sars; severe; specific; strain; strong; syndrome; system; type; vaccination; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses; west; yellow; zika; zoonotic cache: cord-333463-u7je0d1o.txt plain text: cord-333463-u7je0d1o.txt item: #387 of 445 id: cord-333600-k6ws97at author: Mihm, Sabine title: COVID-19: Possible Impact of the Genetic Background in IFNL Genes on Disease Outcomes date: 2020-04-28 words: 685 flesch: 43 summary: Sex differences in TLR7 responses have been reported for humans -with female sex better coping with viral infection During viral infection of lung and liver epithelium, for example, notably, type III IFNs, rather than type I IFNs, are found to be activated keywords: covid-19; family; hepatitis; host; ifn; ifns; iii; infection; innate; receptor; response; rna; sex; tlr7; type; viral; virus cache: cord-333600-k6ws97at.txt plain text: cord-333600-k6ws97at.txt item: #388 of 445 id: cord-333650-4towah1t author: Malmo, Jostein title: Cytokine Profiles in Human Metapneumovirus Infected Children: Identification of Genes Involved in the Antiviral Response and Pathogenesis date: 2016-05-12 words: 4668 flesch: 43 summary: Further, the expression of IL-6 ( Fig 4C) was not increased at mRNA level in any of the groups with hMPV infected children. The lack of IFN-γ detection in NPAs from hMPV infected children has also recently been reported elsewhere [31] . keywords: airway; antiviral; associated; blood; cells; children; controls; cytokine; data; disease; elevated; expression; fig; genes; hmpv; human; ifn; iii; il-1β; il-28; il-6; immune; induction; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; interferon; ip-10; isg54; iκbα; levels; lung; metapneumovirus; mrna; nlrp3; patients; plasma; positive; protein; respiratory; response; rsv; rti; samples; score; severe; severity; similar; study; test; tnf; tract; type; viral; virus cache: cord-333650-4towah1t.txt plain text: cord-333650-4towah1t.txt item: #389 of 445 id: cord-333955-bnzbppof author: Biesold, Susanne E. title: Type I Interferon Reaction to Viral Infection in Interferon-Competent, Immortalized Cell Lines from the African Fruit Bat Eidolon helvum date: 2011-11-30 words: 5030 flesch: 46 summary: However, there remains a fundamental lack of knowledge on the ways type I IFNs are induced and IFN signals are processed in bat cells. Here we present a set of essential tools to characterize IFN induction and -response in bat cells, and introduce a novel group of highly IFN-competent, immortalized bat cell lines from the species E. helvum that hosts relevant zoonotic viruses including Henipa-and Lyssaviruses keywords: aegyptiacus; african; analysis; antiviral; assay; bat; bats; cells; control; cultures; different; dilution; efficient; eidni/41.3; equivalent; expression; figure; fruit; gene; germany; ghana; helvum; hpi; human; ifn; immortalized; induction; infection; interferon; isg56; kidney; large; levels; like; lines; lung; ma104; mammalian; marburg; mef; model; moi; mrna; mxa; onnv; order; paa; pan; pcr; plaque; poly; production; protein; pteropus; real; replication; response; rvfv; samples; secretion; shutoff; signaling; similar; species; specific; standard; supernatants; time; transfection; translational; type; units; vero; viral; virus; viruses; vsv cache: cord-333955-bnzbppof.txt plain text: cord-333955-bnzbppof.txt item: #390 of 445 id: cord-334134-fhie2m3u author: Mazaleuskaya, Liudmila title: Protective Role of Toll-like Receptor 3-Induced Type I Interferon in Murine Coronavirus Infection of Macrophages date: 2012-05-24 words: 7201 flesch: 46 summary: The lack of complete suppression in MHV-A59 infected cells could be explained by the ability of MHV-A59 to grow to higher titers (3-4 log) than MHV-JHM and MHV-3 in macrophages. J774A.1 cells were prestimulated for 6 h with HKLM (10 8 cells/mL), LPS (5 μg/mL), R837 (5 μg/mL), and poly I:C (0.25 μg/mL); media was removed and: 1) a second challenge of the corresponding TLR ligand (same concentrations) was added to the cells for 18 h; 2) cells were prestimulated for 6 h with the TLR ligands as above; media was removed and cells infected with MHV-A59 or MHV-JHM at 1.0 MOI for 1 h of adsorption in the absence of the ligands; after virus adsorption cells were stimulated with a second challenge of the TLR ligands using the same concentrations as during prestimulation and samples were taken at 18 h; 3) cells were not TLR activated and only infected with MHV-A59 or MHV-JHM at 1.0 MOI for 1 h of adsorption in the absence of the ligands; fresh media was added to the cells for 18 h. Non-stimulated, non-infected J774A.1 cells were used as mock control. keywords: a59; absence; activation; adsorption; agonist; antiviral; cells; coronavirus; cov; covs; data; effect; elisa; expression; figure; gene; gfp; hepatitis; hklm; ifn; il-6; immunity; induction; infected; infection; interferon; j774a.1; jhm; levels; ligands; like; lps; macrophages; medium; mhv; mice; mouse; murine; pathogenesis; pathway; poly; production; r837; ra59; receptor; recognition; relative; replication; response; results; rna; role; sars; secretion; stimulated; stimulation; strains; strong; study; test; titers; tlr2; tlr3; tlr4; tlr7; tlrs; tnf; toll; triggering; type; usa; virus cache: cord-334134-fhie2m3u.txt plain text: cord-334134-fhie2m3u.txt item: #391 of 445 id: cord-334510-37g8zxne author: Jartti, T. title: Distinct regulation of tonsillar immune response in virus infection date: 2014-03-29 words: 4183 flesch: 36 summary: We investigated the in vivo intratonsillar mRNA expressions of Th1 (IFN-c, Tbet), Th2 (IL-13, GATA3), Th17 (IL-17, RORC2), and Treg type (IL-10, TGF-b, FOXP3) and type I/III interferons (IFN-a, IFN-b, IL-28, IL-29) and the recently discovered IL-1 family cytokine IL-37 in connection with intratonsillar virus expressions in elective tonsillectomy patients. 6 illustrate the antiviral and regulatory clusters in disease states of virus infection and allergy and their negative interrelations, excluding the only positive connection through IFN-c (P-values are shown in Fig. 5) . keywords: adenovirus; age; akdis; allergen; allergic; allergy; antiviral; association; asthma; atopic; cell; clusters; correlation; cytokine; data; dermatitis; detection; diseases; expressions; factors; fig; foxp3; gata3; gene; human; ifn; il-10; il-28; il-37; immune; infection; intratonsillar; nasopharyngeal; negative; parainfluenza; patients; positive; presence; regulatory; respiratory; response; rhinovirus; rorc2; samples; specific; strong; study; subjects; table; tbet; tgf; tolerance; tonsillectomy; tonsils; transcription; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-334510-37g8zxne.txt plain text: cord-334510-37g8zxne.txt item: #392 of 445 id: cord-334624-chnibsa1 author: Hayn, Manuel title: Imperfect innate immune antagonism renders SARS-CoV-2 vulnerable towards IFN-γ and -λ date: 2020-10-30 words: 5379 flesch: 46 summary: Our data showed that ORF3a and ORF7a are the most potent autophagy antagonists of SARS-CoV-2 206 ( Fig. SARS-CoV-1 ORF6 is about 4-fold less potent in antagonizing type I IFN signaling (Fig. 243 4b) but induces higher levels of autophagy (Fig. 4c) . keywords: activation; activity; analysis; antagonism; anti; autophagy; block; cells; control; coronavirus; cov-2; data; different; effects; evasion; expression; fig; fold; golgi; host; human; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; induction; infection; inflammasome; inflammatory; inhibition; innate; interferon; late; lc3b; levels; nsp15; orf3a; orf6; orf7b; overall; pathway; patients; potent; presence; proteins; rapamycin; ratg13; replication; responses; rna; sars; signaling; similar; supplementary; supplementary fig; system; treatment; turnover; type; viral; virus cache: cord-334624-chnibsa1.txt plain text: cord-334624-chnibsa1.txt item: #393 of 445 id: cord-335245-1eksm537 author: Pattyn, Els title: HyperISGylation of Old World Monkey ISG15 in Human Cells date: 2008-06-18 words: 7051 flesch: 48 summary: Mechanism and role in protein-ubiquitin conjugation UBE1L2, a novel E1 enzyme specific for ubiquitin Dual E1 activation systems for ubiquitin differentially regulate E2 enzyme charging Influenza B virus NS1 protein inhibits conjugation of the interferon (IFN)-induced ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein The ubiquitin-like protein Smt3p is activated for conjugation to other proteins by an Aos1p/Uba2p heterodimer Identification of the activating and conjugating enzymes of the NEDD8 conjugation pathway The UbcH8 ubiquitin E2 enzyme is also the E2 enzyme for ISG15, an IFN-alpha/ beta-induced ubiquitin-like protein Interferoninducible ubiquitin E2, Ubc8, is a conjugating enzyme for protein ISGylation Herc5, an interferon-induced HECT E3 enzyme, is required for conjugation of ISG15 in human cells The interferon-inducible ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) EFP also functions as an ISG15 E3 ligase Specific and covalent targeting of conjugating and deconjugating enzymes of ubiquitin-like proteins Screen for ISG15-crossreactive deubiquitinases UBP43 (USP18) specifically removes ISG15 from conjugated proteins UBP43 is a novel regulator of interferon signaling independent of its ISG15 isopeptidase activity The papain-like protease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a deubiquitinating enzyme Viral and therapeutic control of IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 during hepatitis C virus infection Mx genes show weaker primary response to virus than other interferon-regulated genes Identification of interferon-stimulated gene 15 as an antiviral molecule during Sindbis virus infection in vivo IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses Innate antiviral response targets HIV-1 release by the induction of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 ISG15-dependent Regulation Link between the Ubiquitin Conjugation System and the ISG15 Conjugation System: ISG15 Conjugation to the UbcH6 Ubiquitin E2 Enzyme ISG15 modification of ubiquitin E2 Ubc13 disrupts its ability to form thioester bond with ubiquitin Evidence for higher rates of nucleotide substitution in rodents than in man Proteomic identification of proteins conjugated to ISG15 in mouse and human cells Identification and Herc5-mediated ISGylation of novel target proteins Differential roles for arginine in the interaction with ubiquitin-activating enzyme Ube1L and protein ISGylation are not essential for alpha/beta interferon signaling Involvement of UBE1L in ISG15 conjugation during retinoid-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia Selectivity in ISG15 and ubiquitin recognition by the SARS coronavirus papain-like protease Autonomous regulation of the anaphasepromoting complex couples mitosis to S-phase entry UbcH10 is the cancer-related E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Sequential E2s drive polyubiquitin chain assembly on APC targets UBE2T is the E2 in the Fanconi anemia pathway and undergoes negative autoregulation Fanconi anemia and ubiquitination Chromatographic isolation of methionine-containing peptides for gel-free proteome analysis: identification of more than 800 Escherichia coli proteins A complex interaction pattern of CIS and SOCS2 with the leptin receptor Improved recovery of proteome-informative, protein N-terminal peptides by combined fractional diagonal chromatography (COFRADIC) keywords: activating; agmisg15; allelic; amino; analysis; anti; antiviral; appbp1; atp; binding; blot; buffer; capacity; cells; complex; conjugation; constructs; corresponding; defense; different; domain; ectopic; efficiency; enzyme; experiments; expression; figure; flag; function; hcl; hekt; high; homology; huisg15; human; huube1; ifn; induced; influenza; interaction; interface; interferon; isg15; isgylation; like; lines; mice; moisg15; molecule; monkey; mouse; mutation; n89d; nacl; nedd8; note; owmisg15; owmube1l; peptide; position; process; protease; protein; qit31; region; residue; response; role; sds; sequence; specific; stimulated; substrates; tag; tap; terminal; thiolester; total; transfection; tris; type; ub(l; uba3; ubch10; ubch8; ube1l; ubiquitin; variant; viral; virus; western; world cache: cord-335245-1eksm537.txt plain text: cord-335245-1eksm537.txt item: #394 of 445 id: cord-335384-co2fgz26 author: Lobo‐Silva, Diogo title: Interferon‐β regulates the production of IL‐10 by toll‐like receptor‐activated microglia date: 2017-06-15 words: 7166 flesch: 42 summary: Members of this family are expressed on innate immune cells, including microglia cells and astrocytes (Holley et al., 2012; Kawai & Akira, 2010) . The critical balance between neuroprotection and neurodegeneration is largely dependent on microglia immune responses (Ransohoff & Brown, 2012) . keywords: activation; agonists; autoimmune; beta; bone; brain; cells; central; cns; combination; culture; cytokine; deficient; detection; differences; disease; downstream; eae; enhanced; et al; expression; figure; gene; ifn; ifnar; il-10; il-27; il10; immune; independent; inflammatory; information; innate; interferon; level; like; line; macrophages; marrow; mechanisms; mice; microglia; modulation; mrna; multiple; nervous; neurodegeneration; pattern; poststimulation; production; protective; receptors; recombinant; regulation; responses; role; sclerosis; secretion; signaling; significant; statistical; stimulated; stimulation; study; supernatants; system; tissue; tlr2; tlr3; tlr9; tlrs; toll; transcription; triggering; type cache: cord-335384-co2fgz26.txt plain text: cord-335384-co2fgz26.txt item: #395 of 445 id: cord-336510-qzm9wgde author: Ellermann-Eriksen, Svend title: Macrophages and cytokines in the early defence against herpes simplex virus date: 2005-08-03 words: 20078 flesch: 41 summary: During HSV infection macrophages are activated and possess an increased antiviral potential Occurrence in an adult with pemphigus vulgaris Herpes simplex virus infections Acute hepatitis due to Herpes simplex virus in an adult Disseminated herpes simplex in pregnancy: two cases and a review Herpesvirus hominis type 2 meningoencephalitis following renal transplantation The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor Herpes simplex virus infections of women and their offspring: implications for a developed society Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: is there a role for immunoglobulin in disease prevention and therapy? Type-specific antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus type 2(HSV-2) glycoprotein G in pregnant women, infants exposed to maternal HSV-2 infection at delivery, and infants with Neonatal Herpes Low risk of herpes simplex virus infections in neonates exposed to the virus at the time of vaginal delivery to mothers with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections Neonatal herpes simplex infection Safety and efficacy of highdose intravenous acyclovir in the management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections Natural history of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in the acyclovir era Advances in the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex infections HSV-2 replication sites, monocyte and lymphocytic cell infection and virion phagocytosis by neutrophils, in vesicular lesions on penile skin. keywords: action; activated; activation; activity; adaptive; alpha; amounts; analysis; antibodies; antigen; antiviral; apoptosis; asymptomatic; beta; binding; blood; bone; capacity; cells; cellular; chromosome; clinical; complex; conflict; control; corneal; crucial; cytokines; days; defence; dendritic; dependent; differences; different; distinct; dna; early; effect; entry; events; expression; factor; family; feed; fig; functional; fusion; gamma; gene; generalized; genetic; genital; group; growth; herpes; herpes simplex; herpesvirus; herpetic; heterodimeric; high; higher; host; hours; hsv; hsv infection; hsv replication; hsv-1; human; ifn; ifns; il-12; il-12 production; il-12p40; il-23; il-4; immune; immunity; important; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; inhibition; inhibits; initial; innate; inos; interaction; interferon; interleukin; intracellular; irf-1; killer; kinetics; later; levels; like; liver; local; long; lymphocytes; macrophages; major; marrow; mechanisms; mediators; member; membrane; mice; molecular; monocytes; mononuclear; mortality; mouse; murine; natural; necrosis; neonatal; new; nitric; nk cells; non; normal; observation; organs; outcome; oxide; oxygen; pathway; patients; pattern; peripheral; peritoneal; positive; potential; primary; production; products; proliferation; promoter; protein; reactions; reactive; receptor; regulation; regulatory; replication; resistance; response; results; rise; risk; rna; role; sequence; signalling; signals; simplex; simplex virus; sites; soluble; species; specific; spleen; stat1; studies; study; subunits; symptoms; synergism; synthase; system; t cells; tegument; tissues; tlrs; tnf; toxic; transcription; treatment; tumor; type; vaginal; viral; viral replication; virus; virus infection; virus type; viruses; vivo; years cache: cord-336510-qzm9wgde.txt plain text: cord-336510-qzm9wgde.txt item: #396 of 445 id: cord-337285-t6qr41wc author: Ikeda, Masanori title: Modulation of host metabolism as a target of new antivirals() date: 2007-10-10 words: 8192 flesch: 43 summary: Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome Prevalence of antibody against non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Global surveillance and control of hepatitis C, Report of a WHO Consultation organized in collaboration with the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: past, present, and future Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro A critical role for the chimpanzee model in the study of hepatitis C Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection to tree shrews Toward a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus: An infectious molecular clone of the GB virus-B hepatitis agent Development of a GB virus B marmoset model and its validation with a novel series of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers Recent advances in the analysis of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Structure and function of the hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A serine proteinase Discovery of SCH446211 (SCH6): a new ketoamide inhibitor of the HCV NS3 serine protease and HCV subgenomic RNA replication In vitro antiviral activity of SCH446211 (SCH6), a novel inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease Discovery of (1R,5S VX-950, a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A protease inhibitor, exhibits potent antiviral activities in HCV replicon cells Rapid decline of viral RNA in hepatitis C patients treated with VX-950: a phase Ib, placebo-controlled, randomized study An NS3 protease inhibitor with antiviral effects in humans infected with hepatitis C virus Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of valopicitabine (NM283), an efficient prodrug of the potent anti-HCV agent 2′-Cmethylcytidine Clearance of replicating hepatitis C virus replicon RNAs in cell culture by small interfering RNAs Interference of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by short interfering RNAs Small interfering RNA targeted to hepatitis C virus 5′ nontranslated region exerts potent antiviral effect cDNA microarray analysis to compare HCV subgenomic replicon cells with their cured cells NIM811, a cyclophilin inhibitor, exhibits potent in vitro activity against hepatitis C virus alone or in combination with alpha interferon Cyclophilin B is a functional regulator of hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase Cyclosporin A suppresses replication of hepatitis C virus genome in cultured hepatocytes Specific inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by cyclosporin A Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by cyclosporin a is mediated by blockade of cyclophilins Diverse effects of cyclosporine on hepatitis C virus strain replication Evaluation of the anti-hepatitis C virus effects of cyclophilin inhibitors, cyclosporin A, and NIM811 The non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin DEBIO-025 is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication in vitro Combined interferon alpha2b and cyclosporin The effect of ribavirin and IMPDH inhibitors on hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon RNA Glycosylation of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins Antiviral effect of alphaglucosidase inhibitors on viral morphogenesis and binding properties of hepatitis C virus-like particles S-Adenosylmethionine and betaine correct hepatitis C virus induced inhibition of interferon signaling in vitro Anti-HCV activities of selective polyunsaturated fatty acids Oral prostaglandin (PGE2) therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B and C Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Genetic variation and dynamics of hepatitis C virus replicons in long-term cell culture Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture keywords: acid; activity; adaptive; anti; antiviral; binding; biosynthesis; c virus; cell; cell culture; cellular; cholesterol; chronic; clinical; combination; complex; culture; cycle; development; discovery; effect; essential; factors; fbl2; fig; flv; genome; genotype; hcv; hcv activity; hcv proteins; hcv reagents; hcv replicon; hcv rna; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; impdh; infectious; information; inhibited; inhibition; inhibitors; interferon; length; level; life; lipid; liver; mechanisms; metabolism; mizoribine; model; mutations; new; non; ns3; ns5b; or6; pathway; patients; peg; prenylation; production; protease; proteins; rdrp; reagents; replication; replicon; ribavirin; rna; rna replication; robust; serine; signaling; sphingolipid; statins; strain; study; subgenomic; svr; system; target; therapy; treatment; virus; virus replication; virus rna; vitro cache: cord-337285-t6qr41wc.txt plain text: cord-337285-t6qr41wc.txt item: #397 of 445 id: cord-337365-hugenn14 author: Chen, Zhuangzhuang title: The role of microglia in viral encephalitis: a review date: 2019-04-09 words: 7279 flesch: 36 summary: The interaction between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) produced by neurons and activated microglia during viral infection is uncertain. Neurons release more ATP after viral infection, while the levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine in cell lysates decrease. keywords: activation; activity; alzheimer; amyloid; antiviral; astrocytes; atp; autophagy; barrier; brain; cause; cells; central; chemokines; cns; cytokines; damage; death; dementia; dependent; depletion; different; disease; drosophila; early; effects; encephalitis; expression; factor; fig; formation; function; gene; herpes; hiv; hsv-1; human; ifn; ifnar; immune; impaired; important; infected; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; innate; interferon; lethal; like; loss; macrophages; mediate; memory; mice; microglia; model; monocytes; mouse; nervous; neurological; neuronal; neurons; neurotropic; nile; p2y12; pathway; patients; peli1; phagocytic; play; presynaptic; production; protein; prrs; receptor; regions; replication; response; ripk3; risk; role; signaling; simplex; specific; spread; sting; studies; study; system; tnf; treatment; type; viral; viral encephalitis; virus; viruses; vivo; west; wnv; zika; zikv cache: cord-337365-hugenn14.txt plain text: cord-337365-hugenn14.txt item: #398 of 445 id: cord-337458-dc90ecfe author: Markwalter, Christine F. title: Inorganic Complexes and Metal-Based Nanomaterials for Infectious Disease Diagnostics date: 2018-12-04 words: 40616 flesch: 31 summary: In addition to supplying functional groups for further bioconjugation, the silica encapsulation of other nanoparticles provides biocompatibility and protects the core material from degradation, making it a suitable strategy for the preparation of diagnostic nanoparticle detection probes. Given the prevalence of carboxylates and primary amines on nanoparticle surfaces and molecular recognition elements, one of the most common bioconjugation strategies for generating functionalized nanoparticle detection probes is the formation of amide bonds. keywords: absorption; acid; acid detection; activity; addition; advances; advantages; affinity; aggregation; agnps; amplification; analysis; analytical; antibodies; antibody; antigen; applicable; applications; approach; aptamer; assay; assay format; associated; authors; automated; available; avian; barcode; battery; beads; benchtop; binding; biobarcode; bioconjugation; biological; biomarker; biomarker detection; biosensor; blood; caa; campaigns; capture; care; case; catalytic; cell; challenges; characterization; chelate; chelating; chemistry; chromatography; clinical; coli; collection; colorimetric; colorimetric detection; commercial; common; complementary; complexes; components; concentration; conjugates; contrast; control; conventional; coordination; cost; coupling; critical; cross; current; data; decrease; delivery; density; dependent; design; detectable; detection; detection elements; detection limits; detection methods; detection probes; developed; development; device; diagnostic; diagnostic assays; diagnostic sensitivity; diagnostic tests; different; difficult; direct; disease; disease detection; disease diagnostics; distinct; distribution; dna; dots; drug; dual; dynamic; early; ecl; effects; efforts; eggs; eggshells; electrochemical; electrochemical detection; electrochemiluminescence; electrode; elements; elimination; elisa; elution; emission; energy; enhancement; enrichment; enzymatic; enzyme; equipment; et al; evaluation; example; exchange; excitation; excited; external; extraction; eye; falciparum; field; figure; flow assay; flow immunoassay; fluorescent; fold; following; format; free; friendly; functional; functionalization; generation; glass; global; glucose; gold; gold nanoparticles; greater; group; hand; health; healthcare; helmintex; heme; hemin; hemozoin; hepatitis; high; higher; histidine; hiv; hrp2; human; ideal; ifn; igg; iii; imac; image; imaging; immobilized; immunoassay; immunochromatographic; immunoliposome; impact; implementation; important; improved; improvement; increase; infected; infectious; infectious disease; influenza; information; infrastructure; initial; inorganic; instrumentation; integrated; integration; intensity; interactions; ir(iii; iron; isolation; labels; laboratories; laboratory; lack; lamp; lanthanide; large; laser; lateral flow; led; level; ligands; light; like; limited; limits; line; linking; loaded; local; long; luminescent; magnetic; magnetic detection; magnetic field; magnetic nanoparticles; magnetoresistive; magnitude; malaria; malaria detection; management; mass; matrices; measurements; mechanism; membrane; metal; metal nanoparticles; metalloenzymes; method; microfluidic; microscopy; mobile; molecular; molecule; monitoring; multiplexed; nanocrystals; nanomaterials; nanoparticle detection; nanoparticles; nanozymes; need; new; noble; novel; nucleic; nucleic acid; number; optical; optical detection; order; oxide; p24; pad; paper; paramagnetic; parasite; particular; pathogen; patient; pcr; performance; peroxidase; phase; phone; phosphor; phosphorescent; plasmodium; plasmonic; platform; pldh; poc; point; polymeric; portable; positive; potential; preparation; presence; present; primary; probes; promising; proof; properties; protein; qds; quantification; quantitative; quantitative detection; quantum; raman; range; rapid; rapid detection; rapid diagnostic; reaction; reader; readout; reagents; recognition; red; reduction; research; resonance; resource; response; results; review; rich; robust; ru(bpy; sample; sample preparation; sandwich; scanning; scattering; scenario; schistosoma; schistosomiasis; second; section; sensing; sensitive; sensitive detection; sensitivity; sensors; sers; serum; settings; signal; signal amplification; significant; silica; silver; similar; simultaneous; single; size; skin; small; smartphone; software; solid; solution; species; specific; specificity; spectroscopy; spr; stable; state; steps; storage; strategies; strategy; streptavidin; strip; structure; studies; study; substrate; sulfo; superparamagnetic; surface; surveillance; synthesis; system; tags; target; techniques; technologies; technology; test; testing; thermal; time; tool; traditional; transfer; transmission; treatment; tuberculosis; types; ucp; ultrasensitive; ultrasensitive detection; unique; urine; use; user; utilizing; variety; virus; visible; visual; visual detection; vivo; volume; wearable; workflow; working cache: cord-337458-dc90ecfe.txt plain text: cord-337458-dc90ecfe.txt item: #399 of 445 id: cord-337677-ktktqs7b author: Pereda, R. title: Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon alpha 2b treatment for COVID-19 patient recovery date: 2020-08-04 words: 3401 flesch: 42 summary: Were included patients with positive throat swab specimens by real time RT-PCR who gave informed consent and had no contraindications for IFN treatment. Both data were lower than those reported at the same time by To better address the influence of IFN treatment on CFR, we considered the clinical status of patients in the context of severity of disease, using admission to ICU as an appropriate time point to match the criterion for worsened disease. keywords: age; alpha; alpha-2b; antiviral; august; author; available; cases; cfr; clinical; copyright; copyright holder; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cuban; data; disease; doi; funder; heberon; holder; hospital; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.20157974; ifn; license; medrxiv; medrxiv preprint; number; patients; peer; peer review; preprint; protocol; report; respiratory; review; sars; severe; study; therapeutic; time; treatment; version; years; α2b cache: cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt plain text: cord-337677-ktktqs7b.txt item: #400 of 445 id: cord-337717-8hcujmuo author: Savarin, Carine title: IFN-γ protects from lethal IL-17 mediated viral encephalomyelitis independent of neutrophils date: 2012-05-29 words: 6932 flesch: 38 summary: As MMP9 is specifically expressed by neutrophils [47] , abundant neutrophil recruitment in the CNS of GKO T cell recipients (whether or not treated with anti-IL17) correlated with MMP9 expression ( Figure 7B ). One characteristic of GKO CD4 + T cell recipients infected with JHMV was the large CNS infiltrating neutrophil population (72.3% compared to 17.5% in WT CD4 + T cells recipients) keywords: absence; anti; autoimmune; cd4; cd8; cell recipients; cells; central; class; clone; cns; contrast; control; csf; cytokine; data; day; deficient; depletion; detrimental; disease; distinct; donor; eae; early; effector; effects; encephalitis; encephalomyelitis; expression; factor; figure; function; gamma; gko; gko recipients; ifn; il-17; independent; infected; infection; infiltration; inflammation; inflammatory; jhmv; mab; mechanisms; memory; mice; mortality; mrna; murine; nervous; neuronal; neutrophil; p.i; pathogenic; population; production; protective; recipients; recruitment; reduced; regulation; response; results; role; scid; signaling; similar; survival; system; t cells; th17; thy1.1; tissue; transfer; usa; viral; virus; wt recipients cache: cord-337717-8hcujmuo.txt plain text: cord-337717-8hcujmuo.txt item: #401 of 445 id: cord-338320-jc00ulx5 author: Siu, Kam-Leung title: Suppression of innate antiviral response by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus M protein is mediated through the first transmembrane domain date: 2014-02-10 words: 3699 flesch: 44 summary: Since SARS coronavirus M protein and its M-N4Q mutant displayed equally potent activity to suppress RIG-I-and TBK-1-induced activation of IFN production (Figure 3 ), N-linked glycosylation is not influential in the suppression of IFN production by M protein. TM1 of SARS coronavirus M protein is required for IFN antagonism SARS coronavirus M protein has three TMs (TM1: 1-38 amino acids; TM2: 51-69 residues; and TM3: 76-85 residues) and a cytoplasmic endodomain (86-221 amino acids). SARS coronavirus-specific inhibition of type I IFN production by M protein M proteins from SARS coronavirus and human coronavirus HKU1 share 35% identity in amino-acid sequence ( Figure 1 ). keywords: acids; activation; activity; acute; amino; antagonism; antiviral; binding; cells; complex; coronavirus; coronavirus hku1; endodomain; expression; figure; functional; glycosylation; golgi; hku1; human; ifn; ifn production; ikke; immune; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; localization; production; protein; residues; respiratory; response; rig; rna; sars; sars coronavirus; severe; sufficient; suppression; syndrome; tank; tbk1; tm1; tm19; tm2; traf3; type; usa; viruses cache: cord-338320-jc00ulx5.txt plain text: cord-338320-jc00ulx5.txt item: #402 of 445 id: cord-338602-6n309bnp author: Gadotti, Ana Carolina title: IFN-γ is an independent risk factor associated with mortality in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 infection date: 2020-09-23 words: 2892 flesch: 49 summary: Besides it, cytokine storm is also present in severe patients due to elevation of interleukins such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 2, 3 . Lancet Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors. keywords: admission; analysis; cd4; cells; clinical; coronavirus; covid-19; cytokines; data; days; death; disease; factors; group; higher; host; ifn; il-10; il-4; il-6; immune; infection; innate; iqr; levels; median; moderate; outcomes; patients; pneumonia; prognosis; related; response; results; severe; studies; study; symptoms; th1; th2; viral; wuhan cache: cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt plain text: cord-338602-6n309bnp.txt item: #403 of 445 id: cord-339991-k8z6v2vx author: Rong, Q. title: Multiple mechanisms for HSV-1 induction of interferon α production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells date: 2003 words: 5578 flesch: 41 summary: A MOI of 2 or the equivalent amount of UV-inactivated virus was chosen for the virus challenge because the cytopathological effect of infectious HSV on the different types of MOMC cells was minimal at this dose. Extensive symmetrical transcription of simian virus 40 DNA in virusyielding cells Interferon induction by HIV glycoprotein 120: role of the V3 loop Induction of interferon-alpha by glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus: a possible role of chemokine receptors Dendritic cells and the control of immunity Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-2, HSV-1 induction of IFN alpha in myeloid cells 341 interleukin-12 synergize with calcium ionophore to enhance dendritic cell function Role of early cytokines, including alpha and beta interferons (IFNalpha/beta), in innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections Intrastrain variants of herpes simplex virus type 1 isolated from a neonate with fatal disseminated infection differ in the ICP34.5 gene, glycoprotein processing, and neuroinvasiveness Engagement of the cellular receptor for glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus activates the interferon-responsive pathway Linker-insertion nonsense and restriction-site deletion mutations of the gB glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 Recombinant glycoprotein 120 of human immunodeficiency virus is a potent interferon inducer Infrequent but efficient interferon-alpha-producing human mononuclear leukocytes induced by herpes simplex virus in vitro studied by immunoplaque and limiting dilution assays Interferons and the colony-stimulating factors IL-3 and GM-CSF enhance the ifn-alpha response in human blood leucocytes induced by herpes simplex virus Glycosylation is required for coronavirus TGEV to induce an efficient production of IFN-alpha by blood mononuclear cells IL-6 keywords: alpha; ang; assay; blood; calcium; cd14; cells; challenge; colony; csf; dendritic; different; dna; expression; fig; forms; free; fucose; glycoprotein; greater; herpes; hsv; hsv-1; human; ifn; ifn α; inactivated; induction; infectious; inhibition; interferon; kos; levels; medium; moi; momc; monocytes; mononuclear; myeloid; origin; passage; path; peripheral; plaque; populations; production; receptor; response; serum; simplex; slp10; sp7; strains; studies; treatment; type; vero; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-339991-k8z6v2vx.txt plain text: cord-339991-k8z6v2vx.txt item: #404 of 445 id: cord-340422-8f5xe4zc author: Rowland, R. R. R. title: Inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by interferon-gamma and recovery of virus replication with 2-aminopurine date: 2001 words: 4757 flesch: 45 summary: key: cord-340422-8f5xe4zc authors: Rowland, R. R. R.; Robinson, B.; Stefanick, J.; Kim, T. S.; Guanghua, L.; Lawson, S. R.; Benfield, D. A. title: Inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by interferon-gamma and recovery of virus replication with 2-aminopurine date: 2001 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/s007050170161 sha: doc_id: 340422 cord_uid: 8f5xe4zc Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) belongs to a group of RNA viruses that establish persistent infections. The effect of IFN-γ on virus replication included reductions in the number of infected cells, virus yield, and RNA content in single cells. keywords: activation; activity; addition; anti; antiviral; cells; concentrations; content; culture; cytoplasm; days; effect; experiment; expression; fig; hybridization; ifn-; increased; incubation; infected; infection; inhibition; interferon; isolates; localization; low; lungs; lymph; macrophages; marc-145; medium; mrna; nodes; number; p136; pigs; pkr; porcine; protein; prrsv; replication; reproductive; respiratory; results; rna; sdsu-23983; similar; syndrome; tissues; treatment; type; viral; virus; wild cache: cord-340422-8f5xe4zc.txt plain text: cord-340422-8f5xe4zc.txt item: #405 of 445 id: cord-340475-h0q1m3ed author: Carnero, Elena title: Type I Interferon Regulates the Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs date: 2014-11-06 words: 10174 flesch: 49 summary: The multilayered complexity of ceRNA crosstalk and competition Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response Role of human noncoding RNAs in the control of tumorigenesis Conserved long noncoding RNAs transcriptionally regulated by Oct4 and Nanog modulate pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells Long non-coding RNAs in haematological malignancies Non-coding RNAs: regulators of disease Long noncoding RNAs and human disease Long non-coding RNAs: new players in cell differentiation and development Control of Cdc28 CDK1 by a stress-induced lncRNA Long noncoding RNAs in innate and adaptive immunity Unliganded progesterone receptor-mediated targeting of an RNA-containing repressive complex silences a subset of hormone-inducible genes Noncoding RNA and its associated proteins as regulatory elements of the immune system A long noncoding RNA mediates both activation and repression of immune response genes Long noncoding RNA NEAT1-dependent SFPQ relocation from promoter region to paraspeckle mediates IL8 expression upon immune stimuli Long non-coding RNAs and enhancer RNAs regulate the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in human monocytes The human long noncoding RNA lnc-IL7R regulates the inflammatory response The long noncoding RNA THRIL regulates TNFalpha expression through its interaction with hnRNPL A mammalian pseudogene lncRNA at the interface of inflammation and anti-inflammatory therapeutics Role of microRNAs and long-non-coding RNAs in CD4(+) T-cell differentiation Genome-wide identification of long noncoding RNAs in CD8+ T cells Cutting edge: influence of Tmevpg1, a long intergenic noncoding RNA, on the expression of Ifng by Th1 cells The NeST long ncRNA controls microbial susceptibility and epigenetic activation of the interferon-gamma locus The STAT3-binding long noncoding RNA lnc-DC controls human dendritic cell differentiation lncRNA expression signatures in response to enterovirus 71 infection Evidence for a crucial role of a host non-coding RNA in influenza A virus replication Unique signatures of long noncoding RNA expression in response to virus infection and altered innate immune signaling Annotation of long non-coding RNAs expressed in Collaborative Cross founder mice in response to respiratory virus infection reveals a new class of interferon-stimulated transcripts Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) down-regulated expression by HBx (Dreh) inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis by targeting the intermediate filament protein vimentin Long noncoding RNA high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor growth through enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in humans Elevation of highly up-regulated in liver cancer (HULC) by hepatitis B virus X protein promotes hepatoma cell proliferation via down-regulating p18 NEAT1 long noncoding RNA and paraspeckle bodies modulate HIV-1 posttranscriptional expression Regulation of type I interferon responses Synergistic activation of inflammatory cytokine genes by interferon-gamma-induced chromatin remodeling and toll-like receptor signaling Complex modulation of cell typespecific signaling in response to type I interferons SOCS proteins, cytokine signalling and immune regulation Alpha interferon induces long-lasting refractoriness of JAK-STAT signaling in the mouse liver through induction of USP18/UBP43 Fine tuning type I interferon responses Interferons and microRNAs Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome Influenza A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems Adenovirus VA RNA-derived miRNAs target cellular genes involved in cell growth, gene expression and DNA repair Effect of adenovirus-mediated RNA interference on endogenous microRNAs in a mouse model of multidrug resistance protein 2 gene silencing Linear models and empirical Bayes methods for assessing differential expression in microarray experiments Data Analysis Tools for DNA Microarrays GENCODE: the reference human genome annotation for the ENCODE project The UCSC genome browser database: 2014 update CPC: assess the protein-coding potential of transcripts using sequence features and support vector machine Coding-potential assessment tool using an alignment-free logistic regression model LNCipedia: a database for annotated human lncRNA transcript sequences and structures ISR2 and 12 also shared a negative correlation with response to viral infection and IFN pathway genes. keywords: activation; analysis; annotated; antisense; antiviral; association; blood; candidates; case; cells; cellular; coding; conditions; control; correlation; data; database; different; dna; doses; early; experiments; expression; fact; figure; final; fold; function; gbp1; gbp6; genes; genome; hcv; hepatitis; high; highest; hiv; huh7; huh7 cells; human; idrs; ifn; ifn response; ifnα2; il6; immune; induction; infected; infection; influenza; interferon; irf1; isgs; isr2; isr8; isrs; levels; lines; lncirf1; lncrnas; long; material; microarray; min; negative; neighboring; non; noncoding; oas; pathway; patients; pcr; pellet; points; positive; post; potential; promoter; protein; qrt; regulation; regulators; replication; response; results; role; samples; signaling; significant; similar; supplementary; table; times; tnfα; transcription; transcriptome; transcripts; treatment; type; units; upregulated; virus; viruses; wide cache: cord-340475-h0q1m3ed.txt plain text: cord-340475-h0q1m3ed.txt item: #406 of 445 id: cord-341278-klv9jdm8 author: Smith, Abigail L. title: The role of gamma interferon in infection of susceptible mice with murine coronavirus, MHV-JHM date: 1991 words: 3874 flesch: 40 summary: Since gamma interferon (IFN) has been implicated as an up-regulator of IgG 2 a production, attempts were made to determine whether levels of this cytokine were modified in sera of infected mice. Based on the observation of elevated ovalbumin (OVA)-specific IgG 2 a levels in sera of mice infected with MHV-JHM at any of several intervals relative to antigen exposure, attempts were made to detect IFN-7 in sera of infected mice and to reverse the IgG 2 a elevation by administration of IFN-y-specific antibody. keywords: administration; antibody; antigen; athymic; balb; cell; day; days; differences; effect; elevated; euthymic; exposure; gamma; groups; hepatitis; ifn; igg; immunization; infected; infection; interferon; jhm; levels; liver; mhv; mice; mock; monoclonal; mortality; mouse; murine; natural; necrosis; ova; prior; production; recombinant; relative; replication; resistance; responses; sera; significant; specific; strain; studies; table; titers; treatment; virus; xmg cache: cord-341278-klv9jdm8.txt plain text: cord-341278-klv9jdm8.txt item: #407 of 445 id: cord-341324-f9g9gitn author: Rojas, José M. title: Viral pathogen-induced mechanisms to antagonize mammalian interferon (IFN) signaling pathway date: 2020-10-21 words: 10861 flesch: 35 summary: The measles virus V protein binding site to STAT2 overlaps with that of IRF9 STAT2 is a primary target for measles virus V protein-mediated alpha/ beta interferon signaling inhibition The interferon signaling antagonist function of yellow fever virus NS5 protein is activated by type I interferon Dengue virus co-opts UBR4 to degrade STAT2 and antagonize type I interferon signaling Nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces STAT2 degradation to inhibit interferon signaling The V protein of simian virus 5 inhibits interferon signalling by targeting STAT1 for proteasome-mediated degradation Association of mumps virus V protein with RACK1 results in dissociation of STAT-1 from the alpha interferon receptor complex The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein binds human interferon regulatory factor-9 via a novel PEST domain required for transformation Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins interferes with the antiviral action of interferon independently of PKR-mediated control of protein synthesis Herpes simplex virus 1 gene products occlude the interferon signaling pathway at multiple sites Human cytomegalovirus inhibits IFN-alpha-stimulated antiviral and immunoregulatory responses by blocking multiple levels of IFN-alpha signal transduction The polyoma virus T antigen interferes with interferon-inducible gene expression Foot-and-mouth disease virus leader protease cleaves G3BP1 and G3BP2 and inhibits stress granule formation Stress granule formation induced by measles virus is protein kinase PKR dependent and impaired by RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA Inhibitory activity for the interferoninduced protein kinase is associated with the reovirus serotype 1 sigma 3 protein Site-directed mutagenic analysis of reovirus sigma 3 protein binding to dsRNA Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein functions and the similarity to other bunyavirus NSs proteins RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 suppresses measles virus-induced apoptosis and activation of protein kinase PKR Double-stranded RNA deaminase ADAR1 increases host susceptibility to virus infection ADAR1 interacts with PKR during human immunodeficiency virus infection of lymphocytes and contributes to viral replication Silencing the alarms: Innate immune antagonism by rotavirus NSP1 and VP3 Homologous 2',5'-phosphodiesterases from disparate RNA viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity Rotavirus open cores catalyze 5′-capping and methylation of exogenous RNA: evidence that VP3 is a methyltransferase 2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members Attenuation and restoration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus mutant lacking 2'-o-methyltransferase activity Biochemical and structural insights into the mechanisms of SARS coronavirus RNA ribose 2'-O-methylation by nsp16/nsp10 protein complex Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 16 Is Necessary for Interferon Resistance and Viral Pathogenesis The IFITM proteins mediate cellular resistance to influenza A H1N1 virus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus Interferon induction of IFITM proteins promotes infection by human coronavirus OC43 HIV-1 mutates to evade IFITM1 restriction In vivo evasion of MxA by avian influenza viruses requires human signature in the viral nucleoprotein Irreversible inactivation of ISG15 by a viral leader protease enables alternative infection detection strategies Consecutive inhibition of ISG15 expression and ISGylation by cytomegalovirus regulators The abundant tegument protein pUL25 of human cytomegalovirus prevents proteasomal degradation of pUL26 and supports its suppression of ISGylation Transmembrane protein pUL50 of human cytomegalovirus inhibits ISGylation by downregulating UBE1L ISG15, a ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene, promotes hepatitis C virus production in vitro: implications for chronic infection and response to treatment For instance, Ebola virus VP35 protein, Middle East respiratory syndrome Viral interference with accessory cellular components involved in PRR activation. keywords: activation; activities; activity; affinity; alpha; antiviral; associated; association; beta; binding; biological; blocking; cascade; cell; cellular; cgas; cleaves; complex; components; coronavirus; cov; cytosolic; degradation; dengue; denv; dependent; different; disease; dna; domain; dsrna; essential; evasion; expression; factor; family; fever; formation; gene; genetic; hepatitis; high; host; human; iav; ifn; ifn induction; ifn signaling; ifnar; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; important; induced; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; instance; interaction; interferon; irf3; isg15; isgylation; kinase; levels; ligase; like; material; mavs; mda5; measles; mechanism; membrane; mev; mitochondrial; multiple; murine; ns3; ns5; nsp1; nss; nucleoprotein; nucleus; pathway; phosphorylation; pkr; poxvirus; pp1; present; production; products; protease; protein; prr; receptor; recognition; regulatory; replication; respiratory; response; rig; rlr; rna; role; rotavirus; sars; signaling; species; stat1; sting; strategies; structure; subsequent; surface; syndrome; system; target; tbk1; transcription; translation; trim25; type; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; vaccinia; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-341324-f9g9gitn.txt plain text: cord-341324-f9g9gitn.txt item: #408 of 445 id: cord-341478-bicg5ozr author: Aurisicchio, L title: Regulated and prolonged expression of mIFNα in immunocompetent mice mediated by a helper-dependent adenovirus vector date: 2002-01-30 words: 5950 flesch: 46 summary: Liver protection was dependent only on activation of mIFN␣ expression induced by Dox treatment. In addition, C57/B6 mice injected at low HD-TET-IFN doses resulted in Doxmediated regulation of liver restricted mIFN␣ expression, which was associated with induction of antiviral genes. keywords: -s2; absence; activation; activity; adenovirus; antiviral; assay; c57; cells; control; days; dependent; different; dose; dox; drinking; effects; expression; figure; fold; function; gene; helper; hepatitis; high; human; ifn ␣; induced; induction; infection; levels; liver; long; low; mice; mifn; months; mouse; p.i; pbs; period; prolonged; promoter; protection; rapid; regulated; response; results; rtta2; serum; site; specific; study; system; term; tet; therapy; time; transactivator; transcription; transfer; transgene; treatment; ttr; usa; vector; water cache: cord-341478-bicg5ozr.txt plain text: cord-341478-bicg5ozr.txt item: #409 of 445 id: cord-341822-uk6kvxyd author: Kucherenko, A. M. title: IFNL4 polymorphism as a predictor of chronic hepatitis C treatment efficiency in Ukrainian patients date: 2016-10-11 words: 2039 flesch: 41 summary: Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: new estimates of age-specific antibody to HCV seroprevalence Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection Pegylated interferon-alfa plus ribavirin therapies for chronic hepatitis C Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus-15 years on Host genetic variants in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C Diagnosis and management of hepatitis C virus infection Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C Role of IL28B for chronic hepatitic C treatment toward personalized medicine Epidemiology and natural history of HCV infection A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus IFNL4-ΔG genotype is associated with slower viral clearance in hepatitis C, genotype-1 patients treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin IFN-λ4: the paradoxical new member of the interferon lambda family IFNL4 ss469415590 variant shows similar performance to rs12979860 as predictor of response to treatment against hepatitis C virus genotype 1 or 4 in Caucasians Association of the IFNL4-ΔG allele with impaired spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus Interferon-lambda4 genetic polymorphism is associated with the therapy response for hepatitis C virus recurrence after a living donor liver transplant IL28B polymorphisms and clinical implications for hepatitis C virus infection in Uzbekistan Study on the IFNL4 gene ss469415590 variant in Ukrainian population IFN-λ-3 (IL28B) genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism method: detection polymorphism of rs12979860 007: a complete re-implementation of the genopop software for Windows and Linux OpenEpi: a web-based epidemiologic and statistical calculator for public health Interferon-λ4 (IFNL4) transcript expression in human liver tissue samples key: cord-341822-uk6kvxyd authors: Kucherenko, A. M.; Pampukha, V. M.; Romanchuk, K. Yu.; Chernushyn, S. Yu.; Bobrova, I. A.; Moroz, L. V.; Livshits, L. A. title: IFNL4 polymorphism as a predictor of chronic hepatitis C treatment efficiency in Ukrainian patients date: 2016-10-11 journal: Cytol DOI: 10.3103/s0095452716050066 sha: doc_id: 341822 cord_uid: uk6kvxyd keywords: antiviral; association; chc; chronic; clearance; efficiency; expression; gene; genotype; genotyping; group; hcv; hepatitis; ifn; ifnl4; il28b; infection; interferon; lambda; patients; pcr; peg; polymorphism; response; results; ribavirin; rs12979860; ss469415590; statistical; study; therapy; treatment; ukrainian; variants; virological; virus cache: cord-341822-uk6kvxyd.txt plain text: cord-341822-uk6kvxyd.txt item: #410 of 445 id: cord-342063-1si0qrrx author: Battesti, G. title: Negative tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection do not rule out its responsibility for chilblains date: 2020-08-13 words: 512 flesch: 49 summary: They concluded that there is no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the large majority of patients with acral lesions. key: cord-342063-1si0qrrx authors: Battesti, G.; Descamps, V. title: Negative tests for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection do not rule out its responsibility for chilblains date: 2020-08-13 journal: keywords: acral; chilblains; covid-19; ifn; infection; lesions; lockdown; negative; patients cache: cord-342063-1si0qrrx.txt plain text: cord-342063-1si0qrrx.txt item: #411 of 445 id: cord-342189-ya05m58o author: Banerjee, Abhik K. title: SARS-CoV-2 disrupts splicing, translation, and protein trafficking to suppress host defenses date: 2020-10-08 words: 11499 flesch: 45 summary: Because viral membrane proteins also require trafficking to the ER, viral disruption of SRP might negatively impact viral propagation, unless viral proteins are trafficked in an SRP-independent manner ( Figure S7E ) or if NSP8/9 selectively impacts host (but not viral) proteins. Understanding the interactions between viral proteins and components of human cells is essential for elucidating their pathogenic mechanisms and for development of effective therapeutics. keywords: 18s; 40s; 5eu; 7sl; addition; analysis; anti; antiviral; assay; binding; buffer; cells; cellular; channel; complex; components; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; critical; dependent; disruption; elution; entry; essential; et al; expression; figure; fisher; flow; fluorescence; fold; functions; gene; gfp; global; hek293; hepes; host; hours; human; ifn; immune; impact; infected; infection; inhibition; initiation; innate; input; interaction; interferon; intron; j o; kit; leader; levels; mammalian; manufacturer; mechanisms; media; membrane; min; minutes; model; molecular; mrna; nascent; ngfr; non; nsp1; nsp8; nsp9; nucleotide; number; observed; particle; pdb; presence; processes; protein; purified; puromycin; r n; ratio; reactions; reads; recognition; reduction; region; relative; replication; reporter; response; results; ribosomal; ribosome; rna; rnas; roles; rrna; sample; sars; scientific; sequence; signal; site; sl1; small; specific; splice; splicing; srp; strong; structural; subunit; sunset; suppression; surface; system; table; test; thermo; total; trafficking; transcribed; transcription; translation; type; unspliced; vectors; viral; viral proteins; viruses; washed; window cache: cord-342189-ya05m58o.txt plain text: cord-342189-ya05m58o.txt item: #412 of 445 id: cord-342800-62jklwiy author: Xu, Shuqin title: mRNA Vaccine Era—Mechanisms, Drug Platform and Clinical Prospection date: 2020-09-09 words: 13604 flesch: 36 summary: Self-adjuvanting properties of mRNA have both advantages and disadvantages in mRNA vaccine applications, therefore, it is necessary to form mRNA immunogenic regulations according to different medical demands, which in return would effectively improve the application efficacy of mRNA vaccines. The extraordinary advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including their high efficacy, a relatively low severity of side effects, and low attainment costs, have enabled them to become prevalent in pre-clinical and clinical trials against various infectious diseases and cancers. keywords: acid; activation; activity; addition; adjuvant; administration; aids; analogs; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; apcs; application; arca; binding; cancer; candidate; cap; capping; carrier; cationic; cd8; cells; clinical; common; complex; complexes; coronavirus; cytokines; cytoplasm; cytotoxic; dcs; delivery; dendritic; development; different; direct; diseases; dna; dose; drugs; dsrna; effect; effective; efficacy; efficiency; electroporation; encoding; et al; expression; form; gene; genome; gun; high; higher; hiv; host; hti; human; ifn; immune; immune responses; immunity; immunization; immunogenicity; immunotherapy; increase; induced; induction; infectious; inflammatory; influenza; injection; innate; interferon; intracellular; large; length; level; life; like; lipid; lnp; long; low; materials; melanoma; messenger; method; mice; modification; modified; mrna; mrna delivery; mrna sequence; mrna translation; mrna vaccines; mutanome; naked; nanoparticles; new; non; novel; nucleoside; optimization; orf; patients; pattern; pbaes; pei; phase; poly; potential; preclinical; process; production; products; properties; protamine; protein; prrs; purification; reaction; receptors; recognition; region; related; replicating; research; responses; results; safety; sam; sars; secretion; self; sequence; serum; similar; single; specific; stability; stimulated; strategy; strong; structure; studies; study; synthesis; synthetic; system; target; therapeutic; therapy; time; transcription; transfection; translation; translation efficiency; treatment; trial; trimix; tumor; type; use; utr; vaccination; vaccines; viral; virus; vitro; vivo; zikv cache: cord-342800-62jklwiy.txt plain text: cord-342800-62jklwiy.txt item: #413 of 445 id: cord-343221-e29of29o author: Kindler, Eveline title: Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication date: 2017-02-03 words: 7936 flesch: 44 summary: MHV H277A replication was not detectable in spleen and liver of C57BL/6 mice at two days post intraperitoneal infection with 500 plaque-forming units (pfu), demonstrating that the EndoU activity is required for efficient replication and spread in vivo. Interestingly, concerning the role of Mda5 and TLR7, which are known as main cytoplasmic and endosomal PRRs for coronaviral RNA, respectively, MHV H277A replication was not restored in Mda5-deficient, TLR7-deficient, or Mda5-and TLR7-deficient mice. keywords: a59; activation; activity; analysis; antiviral; blood; breakdown; buffer; c57bl/6; cdna; cells; cellular; conserved; control; coronavirus; d130a; data; deficient; deficient macrophages; degradation; dependent; determined; differences; domain; double; dsrna; early; elevated; endoribonuclease; endou; evasion; expression; facs; fig; gene; genomic; h.p.i; h250a; h277a; h277a replication; hcov-229e; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; ifnar; immune; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; innate; interferon; l929; lack; levels; like; macrophages; mda5; mhv; mhv h277a; mice; mouse; mrna; murine; non; nsp15; oas; observed; omt; order; pathway; pcr; peak; phase; pkr; primary; protein; replication; responses; results; rna; rnase; rnase l; role; rrna; sars; sensing; sensitivity; specific; subgenomic; synthesis; table; target; titers; tlr7; translation; treatment; type; viral; viruses; vivo; wild cache: cord-343221-e29of29o.txt plain text: cord-343221-e29of29o.txt item: #414 of 445 id: cord-343515-fad1yyqx author: Felgenhauer, Ulrike title: Inhibition of SARS–CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons date: 2020-10-09 words: 2939 flesch: 41 summary: CrossRef 29 SARS-CoV pathogenesis is regulated by a STAT1 dependent but a type I, II and III interferon receptor independent mechanism Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Combined action of type I and type III interferon restricts initial replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the lung but fails to inhibit systemic virus spread Interferon-lambda contributes to innate immunity of mice against influenza A virus but not against hepatotropic viruses Ribavirin and interferon therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome: a multicenter observational study Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study Sensitivity of SARS/ MERS CoV to interferons and other drugs based on achievable serum concentrations in humans SARS: systematic review of treatment effects Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments Side effects of ruxolitinib in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: two case reports Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A recombinant human interferon-alpha B/D hybrid with a broad host-range The influence of the rs30461 single nucleotide polymorphism on IFN-l1 activity and secretion BMDP Statistical Software Manual Moreover, type I IFN seems to have a more profound effect than type III IFN. keywords: acute; analysis; antiviral; calu-3; cells; coronavirus; correlation; cov-2; covid-19; data; detection; differences; dose; effect; epithelial; fig; human; ifn; ifns; iii; infection; inhibitor; interferon; lambda; lines; recombinant; replication; respiratory; response; ruxolitinib; sars; sensitive; sensitivity; severe; statistical; study; syndrome; test; tested; titers; type; vero; virus; viruses cache: cord-343515-fad1yyqx.txt plain text: cord-343515-fad1yyqx.txt item: #415 of 445 id: cord-343824-00mqmpzw author: Qian, Wei title: The C-Terminal Effector Domain of Non-Structural Protein 1 of Influenza A Virus Blocks IFN-β Production by Targeting TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 date: 2017-07-03 words: 6262 flesch: 41 summary: Although all types of influenza virus NS1 proteins interact with TRIM25, only part of NS1 prevents IRF3 activation, indicating that TRIM25 is not required for the inhibition of IRF3 activation. It is noteworthy that cells infected with viruses expressing NS1 proteins in seasonal H3N2 and H2N2 viruses do not inhibit IRF3 activation. keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; avian; binding; cells; cellular; complex; data; domain; dsrna; effect; expression; factor; figure; function; h1n1; h5n1; host; i(n; iav; ifn; ikkε; immune; induction; infected; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; level; like; mavs; ns1 protein; ns1/126; pathway; pr8; production; promoter; protein; receptor; recruitment; regulatory; reporter; response; results; rig; rna; role; signaling; specific; strain; study; tbk1; terminal; traf3; transcription; transfection; trim25; type; ubiquitination; virus; virus ns1; viruses; wtns1 cache: cord-343824-00mqmpzw.txt plain text: cord-343824-00mqmpzw.txt item: #416 of 445 id: cord-343963-99rd3o79 author: Wong, Mun-Teng title: Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated genes in the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection date: 2014-12-29 words: 17306 flesch: 34 summary: RIG-I-mediated type I interferon-dependent innate immunity Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus-encoded nonstructural protein NS5A Phosphorylation of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in vitro and in vivo: properties of the NS5A-associated kinase Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus NS5A nonstructural protein: a new paradigm for phosphorylation-dependent viral RNA replication? Reduction of hepatitis C virus NS5A hyperphosphorylation by selective inhibition of cellular kinases activates viral RNA replication in cell culture Hepatitis C virus NS5A: tales of a promiscuous protein Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A modulates the Toll-like receptor-MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in macrophage cell lines Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein How hepatitis C virus counteracts the interferon response: the jury is still out on NS5A Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein induces interleukin-8, leading to partial inhibition of the interferoninduced antiviral response Relationships between hepatitis C virus replication and CXCL-8 production in vitro Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein interacts with 29,59-oligoadenylate synthetase and inhibits antiviral activity of IFN in an IFN sensitivity-determining region-independent manner Activation and evasion of the antiviral 29-59 oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L pathway by hepatitis C virus mRNA Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein protects against TNF-alpha mediated apoptotic cell death Inhibition of intrahepatic gamma interferon production by hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A in transgenic mice Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a-mediated apoptosis in Huh7 cells Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response by hepatitis viruses upregulates protein phosphatase 2A Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signalling PP2A targeting by viral proteins: a widespread biological strategy from DNA/RNA tumor viruses to HIV-1 Hepatitis C virus inhibits interferon signaling through upregulation of protein phosphatase 2A Upregulation of protein phosphatase 2Ac by hepatitis C virus modulates NS3 helicase activity through inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 Transcriptional induction of two genes in human cells by b interferon Functional classification of interferon-stimulated genes identified using microarrays A central role for RNA in the induction and biological activities of type 1 interferons Targeted impairment of innate antiviral responses in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients Negative feedback regulation of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by interferoninduced ISG15 conjugation Immune signaling by RIG-I-like receptors Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling of hepatic stellate cells inhibits hepatitis C virus replication in hepatocytes Interferon-b pretreatment of conventional and plasmacytoid human dendritic cells enhances their activation by influenza virus A structure-based model of RIG-I activation Emerging role of ubiquitination in antiviral RIG-I signaling DDX60, a DEXD/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-and interferon-stimulated genes in primary liver cultures IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense Regulation of PKR and IRF-1 during hepatitis C virus RNA replication Constitutive expression of an ISGF2/IRF1 transgene leads to interferon-independent activation of interferon-inducible genes and resistance to virus infection Regulation of hepatitis C virus replication by interferon regulatory factor 1 IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses Hepatitis C virus infection impairs IRF-7 translocation and Alpha interferon synthesis in immortalized human hepatocytes IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling Hepatitis C virus inhibits intracellular interferon alpha expression in human hepatic cell lines Serum-derived hepatitis C virus infectivity in interferon regulatory factor-7-suppressed human primary hepatocytes Interferon regulatory factor IRF-7 induces the antiviral alpha interferon response and protects against lethal West Nile virus infection Antiviral actions of interferons Impact of protein kinase PKR in cell biology: from antiviral to antiproliferative action dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR and its role in stress, signaling and HCV infection PKR protein kinase is activated by hepatitis C virus and inhibits viral replication through translational control PKR-dependent mechanisms of gene expression from a subgenomic hepatitis C virus clone Identification of three interferon-inducible cellular enzymes that inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus Alpha interferon induces distinct translational control programs to suppress hepatitis C virus RNA replication New antiviral pathway that mediates hepatitis C virus replicon interferon sensitivity through ADAR1 Hepatitis C virus controls interferon production through PKR activation Translational resistance of late alphavirus mRNA to eIF2a phosphorylation: a strategy to overcome the antiviral effect of protein kinase PKR Initiation of protein synthesis by hepatitis C virus is refractory to reduced eIF2.GTP.Met-tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complex availability Translational insensitivity to potent activation of PKR by HCV IRES RNA HCV NS5A co-operates with PKR in modulating HCV IRES-dependent translation Eukaryotic translation initiation machinery can operate in a bacterial-like mode without eIF2 Hepatitis C virus blocks interferon effector function by inducing protein kinase R phosphorylation Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces formation of stress granules whose proteins regulate HCV RNA replication and virus assembly and egress P bodies, stress granules, and viral life cycles Stress granules: sites of mRNA triage that regulate mRNA stability and translatability Stress granules Eukaryotic stress granules: the ins and outs of translation Regulation of stress granules and P-bodies during RNA virus infection Diversion of stress granules and P-bodies during viral infection Dynamic oscillation of translation and stress granule formation mark the cellular response to virus infection Hepatitis C virus hijacks P-body and stress granule components around lipid droplets Hepatitis C virus coopts Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 for its genome replication Viral encounters with 29,59-oligoadenylate synthetase and RNase L during the interferon antiviral response New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity The oligoadenylate synthetase family: an ancient protein family with multiple antiviral activities The ribonuclease Ldependent antiviral roles of human 29,59-oligoadenylate synthetase family members against hepatitis C virus 59-Oligoadenylate synthetaselike gene highly induced by hepatitis C virus infection in human liver is inhibitory to viral replication in vitro Antiviral activities of ISG20 in positive-strand RNA virus infections ISG20, an actor of the innate immune response Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA, RNA editing, and interferon action RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 suppresses measles virus-induced apoptosis and activation of protein kinase PKR Expression of interferoninducible RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 during pathogen infection and mouse embryo development involves tissueselective promoter utilization and alternative splicing RNA editing of hepatitis delta virus antigenome by dsRNA-adenosine deaminase A specific base transition occurs on replicating hepatitis delta virus RNA RNA editing in hepatitis delta virus HCV-induced ER stress HCV protein expression can induce an ER stress response and lead to calcium release from the ER, which in turn activates the cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein that binds to the cyclic AMP responsive element in the promoter of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), resulting in upregulation of PP2A. 114 Expressed in essentially all cell types, PP2A is a serine/threonine phosphatase that is involved in multiple cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, signal transduction and stress response. keywords: acting; activation; activities; activity; adaptor; adar1; addition; antiviral; antiviral activity; antiviral response; apoptosis; assembly; associated; association; autophagy; binding; c virus; cells; cellular; cholesterol; chronic; class; cleavage; complex; contrast; control; core; critical; cycle; ddx60; defense; degradation; dependent; determinants; different; diverse; dna; domain; downstream; dsrna; editing; effector; effects; eif2a; entry; essential; evasion; expression; factor; family; figure; formation; functions; fusion; gene; genome; genotype; growth; hcv; hcv infection; hcv replication; hcv rna; helicase; hepatitis; hepatocytes; hiv; hmgb1; host; huh7; human; ifitm; ifn; ifn antiviral; ifn production; ifn signaling; ifns; iii; immune; immune response; immunity; important; induced; inducible; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; inhibitory; inhibits; initiation; innate; innate antiviral; innate immune; interaction; interferon; intracellular; ires; irf1; irf3; irf7; isg15; isg20; isgs; isgylation; kinase; knockdown; levels; like; lipid; liver; mavs; mechanisms; membrane; mice; mitochondrial; molecular; mrna; multiple; new; non; nonstructural; novel; ns3; ns3/4a; ns5a; nucleus; particle; pathway; patients; phosphorylation; pkr; potential; production; promoter; protein; receptor; recognition; region; regulation; regulatory; related; release; replication; resistance; responders; response; results; rig; rna; rna replication; rnase; role; screen; signaling; single; specific; stat1; stimulated; sting; stress; studies; surface; synthesis; system; table; target; tbk1; terminal; therapy; toll; transcription; translation; treatment; triggers; turn; type; upr; usp18; viperin; viral rna; virus; virus infection; virus replication; virus rna; viruses; vitro; vsv cache: cord-343963-99rd3o79.txt plain text: cord-343963-99rd3o79.txt item: #417 of 445 id: cord-344093-3bniy5b5 author: Peteranderl, Christin title: The Impact of the Interferon/TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Signaling Axis on Disease Progression in Respiratory Viral Infection and Beyond date: 2017-03-22 words: 12579 flesch: 18 summary: In addition, Davidson et al. (74) demonstrated that type I IFN application to IAVinfected mice increased morbidity and lung injury, which could be attributed to both DR5 and TRAIL upregulation inducing epithelial cell apoptosis. In line, Pinto et al. (92) reported an impairment of T cell responses upon type IFN induction in West Nile virus infection. keywords: activation; activity; acute; adaptive; addition; alpha; alveolar; antiviral; apoptosis; apoptotic; autophagy; axis; bacterial; binding; bone; bystander; cascade; caspase-8; caspases; cell death; cells; cellular; challenge; chronic; clearance; complex; control; copd; cov; cytokine; death; dependent; disease; dna; domain; dr4; dr5; early; effects; elevated; enhanced; epithelial; epithelial cells; events; expression; factor; fadd; fas; h5n1; high; host; human; hypertension; iav; iav infection; ifn; ifnar; ifns; iii; immune; immunity; induced; induction; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; influenza virus; inhibition; injury; innate; interferon; isgs; jak; kinase; lack; levels; ligand; like; lung; macrophages; mechanisms; membrane; mice; model; morbidity; mortality; mouse; necroptosis; necrosis; non; outcomes; pathogen; pathogenesis; pathways; patients; pkr; pneumonia; proapoptotic; production; progression; protein; pulmonary; recent; receptor; recognition; recruitment; regulation; release; replication; respiratory; response; results; rig; rip1; rip3; rna; role; rsv; sars; sendai; severe; severity; signaling; soluble; specific; studies; superinfection; survival; susceptibility; syndrome; system; tak1; therapeutic; tissue; tnf; trail; transcription; translocation; treatment; tumor; turn; type; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; vivo cache: cord-344093-3bniy5b5.txt plain text: cord-344093-3bniy5b5.txt item: #418 of 445 id: cord-344798-q34j4zxu author: Villalba, María Caridad Montalvo title: Interferon gamma, TGF-β1 and RANTES expression in upper airway samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients date: 2020-08-29 words: 4145 flesch: 39 summary: Authors reported that effective control of virus replication in infected cells related to ACE2 expression could reduce the stimulation of Th2 subset, with pathogenic role in SARS CoV-2 infection. Finally, we concluded at onset SARS CoV-2 infection resident cells in the upper respiratory epithelium increased de novo expression of IFN-γ, trying to control the virus replication and spreading at initial site of infection. keywords: activation; activity; airway; anti; antiviral; asymptomatic; authors; cases; cells; chemokine; clinical; comparison; control; correlation; covid-19; cytokine; early; epithelial; expression; factor; fig; gamma; gene; group; healthy; high; host; ifn; immune; individuals; infected; infection; inflammatory; innate; interferon; levels; load; mrna; nps; pathogenesis; patients; pcr; persons; production; rantes; reaction; regulation; replication; respiratory; response; role; sars; significant; site; stage; study; symptoms; tgf; tnf; type; upper; viral; virus cache: cord-344798-q34j4zxu.txt plain text: cord-344798-q34j4zxu.txt item: #419 of 445 id: cord-345854-f0dq94j1 author: Chong, Wai Po title: The interferon gamma gene polymorphism +874 A/T is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome date: 2006-05-04 words: 1774 flesch: 46 summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by SARS coronavirus [1] with >8000 cases and 774 deaths reported in 2003 The IFN-γ +874A allele was overrepresented in SARS patients (83.1%) when compared with the controls (66.3%) (P < 0.001). keywords: +874a; acute; allele; antiviral; controls; coronavirus; cytokine; expression; factor; gene; ifn; il-10; important; infection; inflammatory; patients; polymorphisms; production; regulation; respiratory; response; role; sars; severe; snps; study; susceptibility; syndrome; tnf cache: cord-345854-f0dq94j1.txt plain text: cord-345854-f0dq94j1.txt item: #420 of 445 id: cord-346212-mcnr7bcp author: Bonzano, Chiara title: Doxycycline: From Ocular Rosacea to COVID-19 Anosmia. New Insight Into the Coronavirus Outbreak date: 2020-05-08 words: 2659 flesch: 29 summary: Respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus and parainfluenza Epstein-Barr virus commonly could cause olfactory dysfunction (OD) by leading an inflammation in the olfactory mucosa resulting in rhinorrhea. These S proteins are organized in trimers that end up on the virion in a corona way giving it the characteristic crown-like look which seems to play a significative role in viral infection and pathogenesis (12) . keywords: able; ace2; administration; anosmia; cd147; cells; common; coronavirus; covid-19; days; dox; doxycycline; dysfunction; effect; entry; epithelial; expression; hcov; host; human; ifn; immune; infection; inhibition; literature; loss; matrix; mechanisms; minocycline; nasal; olfactory; patients; proteins; replication; respiratory; response; rna; role; rosacea; sars; sense; smell; study; symptoms; system; treatment; viral; virus; viruses; vsv cache: cord-346212-mcnr7bcp.txt plain text: cord-346212-mcnr7bcp.txt item: #421 of 445 id: cord-346836-6jyv0q5e author: Ikegami, Tetsuro title: The Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever date: 2011-05-06 words: 10467 flesch: 44 summary: I. General features of the infection Rift valley fever virus hepatitis: Light and electron microscopic studies in the mouse Pathogenicity of different strains of rift valley fever virus in swiss albino mice The feulgen reaction 75 years on Demonstration of nuclear immunofluorescence in rift valley fever infected cells Identification of a major non-structural protein in the nuclei of rift valley fever virus-infected cells The carboxy-terminal acidic domain of rift valley fever virus nss protein is essential for the formation of filamentous structures but not for the nuclear localization of the protein Rapid accumulation of virulent rift valley fever virus in mice from an attenuated virus carrying a single nucleotide substitution in the m rna The susceptibility of rats to rift valley fever in relation to age Pathogenesis of rift valley fever Inbred rat strains mimic the disparate human response to rift valley fever virus infection Pathogenesis of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in inbred rats Resistance to rift valley fever virus in rattus norvegicus: Genetic variability within certain 'inbred' strains Active and passive immunization against rift valley fever virus infection in syrian hamsters The gerbil, meriones unguiculatus, a model for rift valley fever viral encephalitis Experimental rift valley fever in rhesus macaques Pathogenesis of rift valley fever in rhesus monkeys: Role of interferon response Prevention of rift valley fever in rhesus monkeys with interferon-alpha The infectivity of rift valley fever for monkeys Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Replication and dissemination of rift valley fever virus in culex pipiens Vector potential of selected north american mosquito species for rift valley fever virus Vector competence of a houston, texas strain of aedes albopictus for rift valley fever virus Report of a fatal laboratory infection complicated by thrombophlebitis Laboratory infections with the virus of rift valley fever Am Rift valley fever : A report of three cases of laboratory infection and the experimental transmission of the disease to ferrets Human infection with rift valley fever virus and immunity twelve years after single attack Rift valley fever; accidental infections among laboratory workers Rift valley fever; i. keywords: abortion; actinomycin; acute; aerosol; african; age; animals; antibody; antigens; blood; brain; bunyaviridae; c13; cases; cells; challenge; clinical; days; death; dependent; development; different; disease; effects; encephalitis; ewes; experimental; expression; factors; fatal; febrile; fever; fever virus; findings; genetic; gerbils; hamsters; hemorrhagic; hepatitis; hepatocytes; high; host; humans; ifn; illness; immune; immunity; immunization; important; inactivated; infected; infection; inhibition; inoculation; interferon; lambs; lesions; lethal; lewis; like; liver; loss; lymphocytes; major; mechanism; mice; model; mol; monkeys; mortality; mp-12; mrna; necrosis; newborn; normal; nsm; nss; old; onset; outbreak; p.i; pathogenesis; pathological; patients; pfu; phlebovirus; pkr; pregnant; presence; primary; protein; ptv; punta; rats; replication; resistant; responses; rhesus; rift; rift valley; rna; role; rvfv; rvfv infection; s.c; segment; severe; sheep; species; spleen; strain; studies; study; survival; susceptibility; susceptible; symptoms; synthesis; temperature; time; titers; transcription; type; vaccinated; vaccine; valley; valley fever; viral; viremia; virulence; virus; viruses; vision; week; zh501; zh548 cache: cord-346836-6jyv0q5e.txt plain text: cord-346836-6jyv0q5e.txt item: #422 of 445 id: cord-347200-dtwhd6zy author: Ivanova, Daria title: NK Cells in Mucosal Defense against Infection date: 2014-08-14 words: 6965 flesch: 45 summary: IL-10 production by natural killer cells The aryl hydrocarbon receptor promotes IL-10 production by NK cells Adaptive immune features of natural killer cells Adaptive immune responses mediated by natural killer cells Natural killer (NK) and NKlike cells at mucosal epithelia: Mediators of anti-microbial defense and maintenance of tissue integrity Lymphoid microenvironments and innate lymphoid cells in the gut Location and cellular stages of natural killer cell development Reversible defects in natural killer and memory CD8 T cell lineages in interleukin 15-deficient mice Interleukin-15-deficient mice develop protective immunity to Toxoplasma gondii Cutting edge: IL-15-independent NK cell response to mouse cytomegalovirus infection Maturation of mouse NK cells is a 4-stage developmental program CD27 dissects mature NK cells into two subsets with distinct responsiveness and migratory capacity Human natural killer cell development in secondary lymphoid tissues Tissueresident natural killer (NK) cells are cell lineages distinct from thymic and conventional splenic NK cells Lymphoid progenitors in normal mouse lymph nodes develop into NK cells and T cells in vitro and in vivo The transcription factor E4BP4 is not required for extramedullary pathways of NK cell development Lamina propria ckit + immune precursors reside in human adult intestine and differentiate into natural killer cells Imbalance of NKp4 4+ NKp46 − and NKp44 − NKp46 + natural killer cells in the intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn's disease IFN--producing dendritic cells are important for priming of gut intraepithelial lymphocyte response against intracellular parasitic infection The role of beta7 integrins in CD8 T cell trafficking during an antiviral immune response Origin, trafficking, and intraepithelial fate of gut-tropic T cells The light and dark sides of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes Organ-specific features of natural killer cells Natural killer cell distribution and trafficking in human tissues Natural killer cells infiltrating human nonsmall-cell lung cancer are enriched in CD56 ℎ Biomed Res Int DOI: 10.1155/2014/413982 sha: doc_id: 347200 cord_uid: dtwhd6zy Conventional natural killer cells (NK cells) provide continual surveillance for cancer and rapid responses to infection. keywords: activation; activity; bacterial; blood; bone; bright; cd11b; cd16; cd27; cd56; cells; control; conventional; critical; cytokine; cytolytic; defense; dependent; development; different; early; expansion; expression; female; function; gondii; gut; high; homing; human; ifn; il-15; immature; immune; immunity; important; infection; influenza; innate; intestinal; killer; lung; lymphocytes; lymphoid; marrow; mice; model; mouse; mucosal; murine; natural; nk cells; nkp46; parasitic; pathogens; peripheral; phenotype; populations; pregnancy; production; receptors; recruitment; resident; response; role; secondary; sites; specific; stages; state; studies; support; tissues; toxoplasma; tract; uterine; vaginal; viral; virus cache: cord-347200-dtwhd6zy.txt plain text: cord-347200-dtwhd6zy.txt item: #423 of 445 id: cord-347225-gh51ag2x author: Fu, Weihui title: A clinical pilot study on the safety and efficacy of aerosol inhalation treatment of IFN-κ plus TFF2 in patients with moderate COVID-19 date: 2020-07-29 words: 4926 flesch: 42 summary: The prognosis of COVID-19 patients has been associated with the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peripheral blood [27] , IL-6 receptor blocking antibodies, Tocilizumab therapy have been applied to counteract the cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients [29] . Up to date, the therapeutic efficacy of HCQ in COVID-19 patients remains controversial [9, 10] , clinical trials to test the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine are ongoing. keywords: addition; administration; adverse; aerosol; blood; cases; center; characteristics; china; chinese; clinical; commission; control; control group; coronavirus; cough; covid-19; data; days; disease; efficacy; experimental; experimental group; fig; group; health; hospitalization; hydroxychloroquine; ifn; imaging; improvement; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inhalation; interferon; iqr; level; median; moderate; national; non; novel; patients; pilot; pneumonia; public; replication; respiratory; responses; rna; safety; sars; severe; shanghai; significant; standard; study; tff2; tff2 group; time; treatment; trial; type; viral cache: cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt plain text: cord-347225-gh51ag2x.txt item: #424 of 445 id: cord-347298-7kqrl3rv author: Hedger, M.P. title: Immunology of the Testis and Male Reproductive Tract date: 2010-07-12 words: 21190 flesch: 40 summary: Tung et al. 1981) . In many seasonally breeding species, annual regression of the bloodtestis barrier occurs without inducing overt inflammation or autoimmunity (Pelletier 1986; Tung et al. 1981) . keywords: ability; acid; activated; activation; activin; activities; activity; adaptive; adaptor; addition; adult; androgen; antibody; antigens; apoptosis; autoimmune; bacterial; barrier; billingham; binding; blood; capacity; cd163; cells; cellular; certain; class; complement; complex; conditions; control; cox2; cytokines; cytotoxic; damage; data; death; dendritic; development; differences; different; differentiation; direct; disease; dna; domain; early; effects; elements; endogenous; environment; enzymes; epididymis; epithelium; et al; events; evidence; experimental; expression; factor; family; fasl; fertility; figure; following; form; fsh; function; gaytan et; gerdprasert et; germ; germ cells; hales; head; hedger; hedger et; high; hla; human; ifn; il1; il10; il6; immune; immune cells; immune response; immune system; immunity; immunological; immunology; immunoregulatory; immunosuppressive; important; increase; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; inhibition; inhibitory; innate; inos; interactions; interstitial; intratesticular; itoh et; junctions; leukocytes; levels; leydig; leydig cells; ligand; like; local; lpcs; lps; lymphocytes; macrophages; major; majority; male; mast; mechanisms; mediators; meinhardt; membrane; mhc; models; molecules; mouse; mrna; multiple; myd88; negative; nfb; normal; number; o'bryan; okuma et; orchitis; particular; pathways; pattern; peritubular; pge; physical; plasma; potential; precursor; presence; present; privilege; process; production; proliferation; properties; prostaglandins; prostanoids; proteins; rat; rat testis; reactions; receptor; recognition; reduced; regulation; related; reproductive; resident; responses; responsible; riccioli et; role; self; seminal; seminiferous; sertoli; sertoli cells; signaling; specialized; species; specific; sperm; spermatocytes; spermatogenesis; steroidogenesis; stimulation; studies; subset; survival; syed et; system; t cells; testicular; testicular macrophages; testis; testosterone; tgf; tight; time; tissues; tlr2; tlrs; tnf; tolerance; toxicants; tract; transcription; tumor; tung; type; vascular; viral; wang et; winnall et cache: cord-347298-7kqrl3rv.txt plain text: cord-347298-7kqrl3rv.txt item: #425 of 445 id: cord-347460-9vechh4x author: Chang, Feng-Yee title: Immunologic aspects of characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-04 words: 8058 flesch: 38 summary: Effect of interferon alpha and cyclosporine treatment separately and in combination on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in a human in-vitro and ex-vivo culture model Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants Experience of using convalescent plasma for severe acute respiratory syndrome among healthcare workers in a Taiwan hospital Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 Immune evasion of porcine enteric coronaviruses and viral modulation of antiviral innate signaling Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirusencoded ORF8b strongly antagonizes IFN-beta promoter activation: its implication for vaccine design Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and antiinflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) It is interesting to note that higher levels of IL-1, IL-12, IFN-gamma, IL-8, and CXCL9, in addition to the cytokines and chemokines mentioned above, were also observed in SARS patients with severe diseases. keywords: acid; acute; addition; ade; agents; antibodies; antibody; antigen; antiviral; available; binding; cases; cause; cells; chemokines; clinical; common; components; control; convalescent; coronavirus; cov; cov infection; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; damage; days; dendritic; dengue; development; diagnosis; disease; early; east; entry; epidemic; epidemiological; evidence; example; factors; fatality; high; host; human; ifn; igg; il-6; immune; individuals; infected; infection; influenza; information; innate; interferon; levels; like; lungs; macrophages; mers; mhc; middle; monoclonal; neutralizing; new; novel; nucleic; number; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenic; patients; plasma; platforms; pneumonia; potential; prevention; production; proinflammatory; protein; rapid; rate; receptor; replication; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; responses; rna; safety; sars; serum; severe; severity; specific; storm; symptoms; syndrome; system; target; test; therapeutic; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; viruses; years cache: cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt plain text: cord-347460-9vechh4x.txt item: #426 of 445 id: cord-347946-i6kx3n6m author: Raison, Charles L title: Pathogen–Host Defense in the Evolution of Depression: Insights into Epidemiology, Genetics, Bioregional Differences and Female Preponderance date: 2016-09-15 words: 18716 flesch: 13 summary: Prather et al, 2009; Raison et al, 2009 Raison et al, , 2010a Raison et al, , 2010b Raison et al, , 2010d Eisenberger et al, 2010a, b; Franzen et al, 2010; Felger et al, 2011 Felger et al, , 2012 . This has been shown in studies examining the acute behavioral and CNS responses to a single exposure to endotoxin or typhoid vaccine and even more convincingly by the many studies examining the biological and behavioral effects of chronic immune activation secondary to treatment with the cytokine IFN-α for either cancer or hepatitis C virus infection (Capuron et al, 2002 (Capuron et al, , 2003a (Capuron et al, , 2003b (Capuron et al, , 2005 (Capuron et al, , 2007 (Capuron et al, , 2009 Wichers and Maes, 2004; Wichers et al, 2005b Wichers et al, , 2006 Wichers et al, , 2007 Majer et al, 2008; Harrison et al, 2009a Harrison et al, , 2009b Lotrich, 2009; Lotrich et al, 2009; keywords: activation; activity; acute; adaptive; addition; adults; age; alleles; alpha; analysis; ancestral; ancient; anti; anxiety; apr; associated; association; available; bacterial; behavior; benefits; biomarkers; blood; body; brain; case; cell; certain; changes; chronic; clear; cns; common; concentrations; conditions; conservation; consistent; context; costs; crp; cytokine; data; death; defeat; defense; depressed; depression; depression risk; depressive symptoms; development; differences; different; direct; disease; disorder; early; eea; effects; elevated; endotoxin; energy; enhanced; environmental; et al; evidence; evolutionary; evolved; example; explanations; exposure; factor; fatigue; features; females; fever; findings; function; genes; genetic; genome; group; hand; healthy; hepatitis; high; higher; host; host defense; human; hyperphagia; hypothesis; ifn; il-1; il-6; illness; immune; immune activation; immune response; immune system; immunity; impact; increases; individuals; infant; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; inflammatory response; influenza; innate; interactions; interferon; known; large; leptin; levels; life; likely; link; loss; low; macrophages; major; major depression; maternal; mdd; mechanisms; meta; metabolic; microbial; miller; modern; mood; mortality; multiple; natural; necrosis; non; obesity; organisms; pathogen; pathogen defense; pathos; pathways; patients; people; peripheral; perspective; phase; plasma; population; positive; possibility; potential; ppd; primary; production; protein; psychological; psychomotor; psychosocial; question; raison; rats; reactive; recent; receptor; reduced; relationships; relevant; reproductive; resistance; respiratory; response; result; review; risk; role; selection; severity; sex; sexual; sickness; signaling; significant; sirt1; sirtuin; sleep; slowing; social; societies; specific; stimulation; stress; stressors; studies; study; support; survival; symptoms; system; terms; theory; time; tnf; treatment; tuberculosis; types; viral; virus; wide; withdrawal; women; world; wounding; years cache: cord-347946-i6kx3n6m.txt plain text: cord-347946-i6kx3n6m.txt item: #427 of 445 id: cord-348684-xbxwpmxq author: Liu, Bao-qin title: Ubiquitination modification: critical regulation of IRF family stability and activity date: 2020-10-30 words: 5293 flesch: 17 summary: Ubiquitin, the core component of ubiquitination, is covalently attached to one or more lysine residues in cellular proteins through an enzymatic cascade involving three classes of enzymes termed ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), and ubiquitin protein ligases (E3) (Heaton et al., 2016; Mukhopadhyay and Riezman, 2007) . c-Cbl, a member of the Cbl (Casitas B-lineage lymphoma) family, negatively regulates IRF3 protein stability by interacting with the C-terminal domain of IRF3 via its TKB (tyrosine kinase binding) domain and promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation of IRF3 (Zhao et al., 2016) . keywords: activation; activity; addition; antiviral; cbl; cell; cellular; chip; critical; degradation; dependent; development; dna; domain; dubs; early; enzymes; essential; et al; expression; factor; family; function; host; ifn; immune; immunity; important; induced; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; irf1; irf2; irf3; irf5; irf7; irf8; irfs; k48; k63; known; ligase; members; pathway; phosphorylation; polyubiquitination; processes; production; proteasome; protein; regulation; regulatory; responses; ring; role; signaling; specific; stability; studies; system; targets; terminal; traf6; transcription; trim21; type; ubiquitination; viral; virus cache: cord-348684-xbxwpmxq.txt plain text: cord-348684-xbxwpmxq.txt item: #428 of 445 id: cord-348993-8r4fhzlm author: Tomosada, Yohsuke title: Nasally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains differentially modulate respiratory antiviral immune responses and induce protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection date: 2013-08-15 words: 7990 flesch: 41 summary: We also evaluated the changes induced by nasally administered lactobacilli in lung immune cells using flow cytometry. Lr05, Lr06, HkLr05 or HkLr06 were nasally administered to different groups of mice for 2 consecutive days at a dose of 10 8 cells/mouse/day and lung immune cells were studied on day 3. keywords: able; activity; acute; addition; administration; antiviral; bal; capacity; cd103; cd11b; cd3; cd4; cells; challenge; changes; concentrations; control; crl1506; cytokines; day; dcs; differences; different; effect; effective; efficient; figure; groups; heat; hklr05; ifn; il-10; il-6; immune; immunity; immunobiotics; increase; infection; inflammatory; influenza; lactobacilli; levels; lr05; lr06; lung; mhc; mice; mouse; nasal; poly(i; priming; production; resistance; respiratory; response; results; rhamnosus; rsv; serum; significant; strains; studies; study; syncytial; th1; tissue; tlr3; tnf; tract; treatments; viable; viral; virus; weight; work cache: cord-348993-8r4fhzlm.txt plain text: cord-348993-8r4fhzlm.txt item: #429 of 445 id: cord-349647-cfjrwt44 author: Girkin, Jason title: Chapter 8 In vivo experimental models of infection and disease date: 2019-12-31 words: 12502 flesch: 25 summary: The expansion of mouse RV infection models has paralleled our understanding of RV biology in humans. 138À140 One of the biggest developments in mouse RV infection models was the protocol for isolation of highly purified, concentrated (high titers) of RV from Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) immortalized human epithelial cell lines and later, the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) transfected rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. keywords: 2/2; a16; activation; acute; administration; ahr; airway; allergen; allergic; animal; antibody; antiviral; associated; asthma; asthma exacerbations; asthmatic; bacterial; balb; biology; ccl2; cells; challenge; children; chimpanzees; chronic; clinical; colds; control; copd; copd exacerbations; cotton; cytokine; deficient; detection; development; differences; different; disease; drug; early; effects; elastase; eosinophil; epithelial; evidence; exacerbations; experimental; experimental infection; experimental rhinovirus; exposure; expression; factors; findings; function; group; hdm; healthy; high; host; human; human rhinovirus; ifn; il-13; il-5; immune; immunity; induced; infected; infection; infection models; infection studies; inflammation; inflammatory; inhaled; inoculation; insights; interferon; intranasal; key; limited; load; lower; lung; lymphocyte; macrophage; major; mda5; mechanisms; mice; models; mouse; mouse models; mucus; neutrophil; new; nonhuman; novel; numbers; obstructive; outcomes; ova; pathology; patients; pcr; people; potential; production; pulmonary; randomized; range; receptor; relevant; replication; research; respiratory; responses; rhinovirus; rhinovirus infection; role; rv infection; rvs; secondary; severe; severity; similar; species; strains; studies; study; subjects; subsequent; sufficient; symptoms; tcid; therapeutic; tnfα; tract; treatment; trial; type; understanding; upper; viral; viruses; vivo; volunteers; wild cache: cord-349647-cfjrwt44.txt plain text: cord-349647-cfjrwt44.txt item: #430 of 445 id: cord-351489-tzmev77c author: Yuan, Shuofeng title: Broad-Spectrum Host-Based Antivirals Targeting the Interferon and Lipogenesis Pathways as Potential Treatment Options for the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-10 words: 5058 flesch: 27 summary: The most prominent reduction in viral N antigen expression was observed in cells treated with Avonex, Rebif, Betaferon, and AM580, which achieved similar degree To quantify the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the identified antiviral agents in the primary screening and the viral N antigen expression assay, SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction assay by qRT-PCR was conducted to determine the SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies released in the cell culture supernatant with or without antiviral agent treatment. As To quantify the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the identified antiviral agents in the primary screening and the viral N antigen expression assay, SARS-CoV-2 viral load reduction assay by qRT-PCR was conducted to determine the SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies released in the cell culture supernatant with or without antiviral agent treatment. keywords: activities; activity; addition; agents; am580; antigen; antiviral; antiviral agents; assay; avonex; betaferon; broad; cells; clinical; concentration; copies; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; culture; dependent; effects; entry; expression; figure; host; human; hydroxycholesterol; ifn; ifns; immukin; infection; inhibition; interferon; load; log10; lopinavir; mers; novel; patients; pcr; pegasys; pegylated; plaque; potent; primary; rebif; recombinant; reduction; remdesivir; replication; respiratory; results; ribavirin; rna; sars; screening; spectrum; study; supernatants; syndrome; treatment; usa; veroe6; viral load; virus; viruses; α2a; β1a; β1b; γ1b cache: cord-351489-tzmev77c.txt plain text: cord-351489-tzmev77c.txt item: #431 of 445 id: cord-351520-c5fi2uoh author: Zhong, Bo title: Regulation of virus-triggered type I interferon signaling by cellular and viral proteins date: 2010-02-01 words: 10652 flesch: 30 summary: However, over-produced type I IFNs cause excessive and harmful immune effects to the host (Theofilopoulos et al., 2005) . However, the overproduction of type I IFNs can cause unwanted or excessive immune responses that may lead to allergy, necrosis, autoimmune diseases and other harmful effects (Theofilopoulos et al., 2005) . keywords: a20; activation; activity; adaptor; addition; alpha; antiviral; apoptosis; atg5; beta; binding; card; cells; cellular; cleavage; complex; critical; cyld; cytokines; dak; deficient; degradation; dependent; dna; domain; double; dsrna; duba; essential; et al; example; expression; factor; family; feedback; finger; fujita; functions; gene; helicase; hepatitis; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; ikkε; immune; immunity; inducible; induction; infection; inhibition; inhibits; innate; interaction; interferon; irak1; irf3; isg56; kappab; kato; kato et; kinase; knockdown; lgp2; ligase; like; macrophages; mda5; mechanisms; mice; mita; molecules; myd88; necrosis; negative; overexpression; pathway; phosphorylation; poly(i; production; protein; prr; prrs; rbck1; receptor; recognition; regulation; regulatory; replication; responses; rig; ring; rlr; rlrs; rna; rnf5; role; signaling; sike; specific; studies; tak1; tank; targeting; tbk1; terminal; terminus; tlr3; toll; traf6; trif; tumor; type; ubiquitination; viral; virus; viruses; visa; yoneyama cache: cord-351520-c5fi2uoh.txt plain text: cord-351520-c5fi2uoh.txt item: #432 of 445 id: cord-351532-2yd4wg9v author: Huang, Yin-Qiu title: No Statistically Apparent Difference in Antiviral Effectiveness Observed Among Ribavirin Plus Interferon-Alpha, Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon-Alpha, and Ribavirin Plus Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon-Alpha in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results of a Randomized, Open-Labeled Prospective Study date: 2020-07-14 words: 5743 flesch: 41 summary: Our research group tends to accept the latter explanation based on the following reasoning: (1) the possibility of three different combinations of drugs having the same or similar antiviral efficacy is exceedingly slim; (2) a recent placebo- controlled clinical trial has shown that LPV/r does not have antiviral efficacy in COVID-19 patients (Cao et al., 2020) ; (3) a retrospective study has shown that patients receiving potential antiviral drugs such as LPV/r, IFNa, or arbidol had similar viral clearance times when compared to those who did not receive any antiviral drugs (Ling et al., 2020) ; (4) a perspective study had shown that early combination of IFN, LPV/r, and RBV was effective in suppressing the shedding of SARS-CoV-2, not just in a nasopharyngeal swab, but in all clinical specimens (Hung et al., 2020) . Among SARS patients, 58% had hypocalcaemia, 61% had hemolytic anemia, and 46% had hypomagnesaemia (Knowles et al., 2003) . keywords: acid; adverse; antiviral; baseline; blood; cell; clinical; cohort; combination; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; day; difference; disease; drugs; effectiveness; efficacy; events; figure; group; higher; ifna; incidence; inhalation; interferon; interval; lopinavir; lpv; median; medical; mers; mild; moderate; negativity; nucleic; nucleic acid; outbreak; patients; period; population; potential; proportion; r+ifn; randomized; ratio; rbv+ifn; rbv+lpv; regimens; respiratory; results; ribavirin; ritonavir; samples; sars; severe; significant; similar; study; syndrome; taking; therapeutic; treatment; trial cache: cord-351532-2yd4wg9v.txt plain text: cord-351532-2yd4wg9v.txt item: #433 of 445 id: cord-351845-bli3qm8w author: Prasad, Kartikay title: Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective date: 2020-06-26 words: 4631 flesch: 38 summary: Network topology analyses identified 15 high-value targets of SARS CoV-2, which belongs to a subset of canonical ISGs. An Integrative Modeling Approach for Effective Drug Repurposing SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems 0: a major update to the DrugBank database for The comparative toxicogenomics database: update SARS-CoV-2 Launches a Unique Transcriptional Signature from in Vitro, Ex Vivo, and in Vivo Systems Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks STITCH: interaction networks of chemicals and proteins Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pancoronavirus inhibitors A physical and regulatory map of host-influenza interactions reveals pathways in H1N1 infection Network-Guided Discovery of Influenza Virus Replication Host Factors Common Nodes of Virus-Host Interaction Revealed Through an Integrated Network Analysis A cellular census of human lungs identifies novel cell states in health and in asthma A single-cell atlas of the human healthy airways SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated genes in the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection Interferon-inducible protein Mx1 inhibits influenza virus by interfering with functional viral ribonucleoprotein complex assembly Host genetics of severe influenza: from mouse Mx1 to human IRF7 Hepatitis E virus polymerase binds to IFIT1 to protect the viral RNA from IFIT1-mediated translation inhibition Polymorphisms of interferon-inducible genes OAS-1 and MxA associated with SARS in the Vietnamese population Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication Differential regulation of the OASL and OAS1 genes in response to viral infections Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF4b protein inhibits type I interferon production through both cytoplasmic and nuclear targets Structural Insights into the Interaction of Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product 15 from Different Species ISG15: It's Complicated Consecutive Inhibition of ISG15 Expression and ISGylation by Cytomegalovirus Regulators Innate antiviral response targets HIV-1 release by the induction of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 ISG15 facilitates cellular antiviral response to dengue and west nile virus infection in vitro Antiviral activity of ISG15 against classical swine fever virus replication in porcine alveolar macrophages via inhibition of autophagy by ISGylating BECN1 MERS-CoV papain-like protease has deISGylating and deubiquitinating activities Structural Basis for the Ubiquitin-Linkage Specificity and deISGylating activity of SARS-CoV papain-like protease Targeting poly(I:C) to the TLR3-independent pathway boosts effector CD8 T cell differentiation through IFN-alpha/beta Intranasal treatment with poly(I*C) protects aged mice from lethal respiratory virus infections Prophylactic and therapeutic intranasal administration with an immunomodulator, Hiltonol((R)) keywords: activity; analysis; antiviral; associated; biological; cells; cellular; centrality; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; database; degree; degs; disease; drug; enrichment; expression; fig; genes; high; host; hub; human; ifih1; ifn; imiquimod; immune; infected; infection; influenza; information; inhibits; innate; interaction; interactome; interferon; irf7; isg15; isgs; like; mitomycin; mx1; network; node; novel; oas1; pathways; poly; protein; regulation; replication; repurposing; respiratory; response; rna; role; sars; signaling; significant; stitch; studies; targets; tool; value; viral; virus; vitro cache: cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt plain text: cord-351845-bli3qm8w.txt item: #434 of 445 id: cord-353062-c6luoo3m author: Lauber, C title: Transcriptome analysis reveals a classical interferon signature induced by IFNλ4 in human primary cells date: 2015-09-01 words: 5461 flesch: 48 summary: In each analysis we used the following criteria for hit calling: a fold change of at least 2 for induction or 1.5 for repression in gene expression, and an FDR-adjusted P-value of 0.05 or better. IFNλ4 induces a classical IFN signature Figure 1 shows scatter plots of gene expression change caused by IFNλ4 versus IFNα (Figure 1 , top row) or versus IFNλ3 treatment ( Figure 1 , bottom row). keywords: absolute; activity; alpha; analysis; antiviral; cells; chain; change; clearance; complex; control; criteria; cultures; data; differences; different; differential; donor; dots; effect; epithelial; expression; family; figure; fold; genes; germany; hae; hae cells; hcv; hepatitis; hepatocytes; higher; human; ifn; ifnar2; ifns; ifnα; ifnλ4; ifnλr1; iii; il28b; induced; induction; infection; interferon; isoform; level; liver; lung; observed; phh; primary; protein; receptor; regulation; response; rna; row; sample; selection; seq; sequencing; set; signaling; similar; specific; splice; spontaneous; subtypes; table; tissue; transcriptome; treatment; type; values; variation; viral; virus cache: cord-353062-c6luoo3m.txt plain text: cord-353062-c6luoo3m.txt item: #435 of 445 id: cord-353337-o302vxqm author: Visser, Linda J. title: Dissecting distinct proteolytic activities of FMDV L(pro) implicates cleavage and degradation of RLR signaling proteins, not its deISGylase/DUB activity, in type I interferon suppression date: 2020-07-15 words: 9572 flesch: 47 summary: Construction of L pro mutants to uncouple cleavage/degradation of RLR signaling proteins from its deISGylase/DUB activity L pro also possesses deISGylase and-to a lesser extent-DUB activity [39, 40, 42] , and this latter activity was previously suggested to be important for L pro 's ability to suppress RLR signaling Cleavage of RLR signaling proteins by FMDV L pro correlates with type I IFN suppression PLOS Pathogens | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008702 It remains a question whether such an approach will yield conclusive answers as other RLR signaling proteins may be targeted by L pro , which have Cleavage of RLR signaling proteins by FMDV L pro correlates with type keywords: ability; activities; activity; addition; analysis; antiviral; blot; c133s; c51a; cells; cellular; cleavage; data; degradation; degrade; deisgylase; determined; different; disease; domain; dub; dub activity; effect; eif4; emcv; erav; essential; expression; factor; fig; fmdv; fmdv l; foot; gene; hela; ifn; important; induction; infected; infection; innate; interferon; irf3; isg15; k.o; kda; l pro; l143a; l92a; levels; like; mavs; mda5; molecular; mouth; mrna; mutations; p65; papain; pathway; plasmid; polyprotein; pro; product; protease; proteins; proteolytic; r19; reduced; replication; residues; responses; rig; rlr; role; signaling; site; structure; study; suppression; targets; tbk1; terminus; transcription; transfection; type; ubiquitin; viral; virus; viruses; western; β mrna cache: cord-353337-o302vxqm.txt plain text: cord-353337-o302vxqm.txt item: #436 of 445 id: cord-353826-owoec2ud author: Graham, Simon P. title: Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 date: 2020-07-27 words: 5526 flesch: 42 summary: Bovine herpesvirus-4-vectored delivery of nipah virus glycoproteins enhances T cell immunogenicity in pigs Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients Presence of SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy donors SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 at 8 weeks postinfection in asymptomatic patients Vaccination with viral vectors expressing NP, M1 and chimeric hemagglutinin induces broad protection against influenza virus challenge in mice A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Writing-review and editing, All authors Further information on experimental design is available in the Nature Research Reporting Summary linked to this article. For analysis of T cell responses in pigs, overlapping 16mer peptides offset by 4 residues based on the predicted amino acid sequence of the entire S protein from SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate (NCBI Reference Sequence: NC_045512.2) were designed and synthesised (Mimotopes, Melbourne, Australia) and reconstituted in sterile 40% acetonitrile (Sigma-Aldrich) at a concentration of 3 mg/mL. Three pools of synthetic peptides representing residues 1-331 (Pool 1), 332-748 (Pool 2) and 749-1273 (Pool 3) were prepared for use to stimulate T cells in IFN-γ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays. keywords: aldrich; analysis; animal; antibodies; antibody; assays; biolegend; blood; boost; cd1; cd4; cd8; cells; chadox1; clinical; clone; control; cov-2; covid-19; cytokine; data; day; development; dilution; dose; dpv; elispot; expression; fig; fisher; following; gibco; greater; groups; human; ifn; immune; immunisation; immunogenicity; mab; media; mice; model; mouse; ncov-19; pbmc; peptide; pigs; plates; pool; prime; protein; rbd; recombinant; responses; sars; scientific; sera; serum; sigma; significant; single; specific; studies; study; thermo; titres; units; vaccination; vaccine; virus; weeks cache: cord-353826-owoec2ud.txt plain text: cord-353826-owoec2ud.txt item: #437 of 445 id: cord-353957-0pjg25kn author: Chen, Shilong title: Avian Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Protein Family Effectively Restricts Avian Tembusu Virus Infection date: 2017-04-20 words: 6581 flesch: 46 summary: Our previous experiments demonstrated that ATMUV infection effectively triggered host innate immune response through MDA5 and TLR3-dependent signaling pathways. However, little information is available on the role of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in defending against ATMUV infection. keywords: actin; analysis; antiviral; assay; atmuv; atmuv infection; avian; cells; chen; chicken; china; control; culture; data; def; defs; df-1; df-1 cells; disease; drop; duck; ducklings; effect; egg; endogenous; et al; expression; family; figure; flavivirus; fold; genes; host; hpi; human; ifitm1; ifns; iii; immune; induced; infected; infection; influenza; innate; interferon; levels; lines; mouse; mrna; pcr; previous; proteins; qrt; replication; response; restriction; results; shrna; signaling; significant; species; specific; spleen; studies; study; supernatants; supplementary; syndrome; system; tcid; tembusu; test; tissues; titers; transmembrane; type; upregulated; viral; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-353957-0pjg25kn.txt plain text: cord-353957-0pjg25kn.txt item: #438 of 445 id: cord-354000-jxqskt4k author: Warren, Cody J. title: The Antiviral Restriction Factors IFITM1, 2 and 3 Do Not Inhibit Infection of Human Papillomavirus, Cytomegalovirus and Adenovirus date: 2014-05-14 words: 4440 flesch: 41 summary: IFN-b exhibits strong anti-proliferative effects on human cancer cells at concentrations far lower than those for IFN-a [50] . Despite high expression (Fig. 2B) , IFITM1, 2 or 3 did not inhibit virus infection ( Fig. 2A) . keywords: actin; ad5; adenovirus; antiviral; cancer; capsid; cells; cervical; control; cov; data; degradation; dna; effect; endosomes; enhanced; entry; epithelial; expression; factors; fig; fusion; genes; gfp; hacat; hcmv; hela; high; host; hpv; hpv16; human; ifitm1; ifn; immune; infection; infectivity; inhibit; interferon; invitrogen; isgs; keratinocytes; knockdown; levels; lines; low; lucf; mechanisms; mrna; overexpression; papillomavirus; pathway; primary; proteins; qpcr; responses; restriction; results; rna; role; sars; shrna; specific; treatment; type; vector; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-354000-jxqskt4k.txt plain text: cord-354000-jxqskt4k.txt item: #439 of 445 id: cord-354620-xf6glr2h author: Tian, Bin title: Isolation and Selection of Duck Primary Cells as Pathogenic and Innate Immunologic Cell Models for Duck Plague Virus date: 2020-01-28 words: 8918 flesch: 42 summary: The expression of IL-6, an inflammatory factor, was also determined after stimulation (Figure 2C) , and the data showed that poly(I:C) induced IL-6 expression in all five types of duck cells. In order to investigate the tropism of DPV in duck cells, duck DEFs, neurons, astrocytes, PBMCs, and monocytes/macrophages were infected with a recombinant virulent virus strain, CHv-GFP, at a low MOI of 0.01 (Figure 4) . keywords: activation; antiviral; aquatic; astrocytes; attenuated; basal; brain; cells; cgas; cha; china; chv; chv strain; collected; copy; csf; culture; data; defs; different; dna; dose; dpv; dpv infection; duck; duck monocytes; duck primary; expression; figure; gene; genomic; herpes; higher; hpi; human; ifn; ifnar; il-6; immune; immune response; induced; infected; infection; innate; innate immune; interferon; isgs; isolated; levels; macrophages; mda5; mechanism; medium; min; model; moi; monocytes; neurons; number; organ; pbmcs; pbs; plague; poly(da; poly(i; primary; primary cells; protein; replication; response; rig; rna; role; ruxolitinib; signaling; sting; strain; study; time; titer; tropism; types; viral; virulent; virulent strain; virus; viruses cache: cord-354620-xf6glr2h.txt plain text: cord-354620-xf6glr2h.txt item: #440 of 445 id: cord-354730-hfau2odb author: Wang, Rong title: Antagonizing Interferon-Mediated Immune Response by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus date: 2014-07-03 words: 4940 flesch: 41 summary: Its nsp1 and nsp1 proteins should be able to inhibit IFN induction. Type II IFN contains only IFN-, whose production is restricted to activated T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; cells; degradation; dendritic; different; domain; dsrna; effect; expression; host; ifn; ifns; immune; immunity; induced; induction; infected; infection; inhibit; inhibition; innate; interference; interferon; irf3; isg15; isgs; level; like; marc-145; mlv; nonstructural; nsp1; nsp2; nuclear; pathway; phosphorylation; pigs; porcine; production; protease; protein; prrsv; replication; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; rig; signaling; stat1; strains; swine; syndrome; translocation; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-354730-hfau2odb.txt plain text: cord-354730-hfau2odb.txt item: #441 of 445 id: cord-354762-3a3a3ku9 author: Afsar, Cigdem Usul title: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): INTERFERON-EPSILON MAY BE RESPONSIBLE OF DECREASED MORTALITY IN FEMALES date: 2020-06-02 words: 989 flesch: 43 summary: The production of IFN-I or IFN-α/β is the basic natural immune defense response against viral infections (Ye and others, 2020) . This might play a role in pangolin's symptoms during coronovirus infections and their immun response to viral infections. keywords: cells; covid-19; epsilon; females; furin; ifn; immune; infection; interferon; jak; mortality; pangolin; patients; production; reproductive; sars; stat; tract; type; version; viral cache: cord-354762-3a3a3ku9.txt plain text: cord-354762-3a3a3ku9.txt item: #442 of 445 id: cord-355671-t890eixt author: Medina, Gisselle N. title: Impairment of the DeISGylation Activity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Lpro Causes Attenuation In Vitro and In Vivo date: 2020-06-16 words: 6448 flesch: 38 summary: While most deISGylases cleave target proteins leaving a recyclable ISG15 product with a single G residue at the C terminus, FMDV Lpro deISGylase activity is characterized by leaving behind a G-G di-peptide signature on processed host proteins and no recyclable ISG15. Most importantly, our studies show that FMDV Lpro deISGylase activity is not critical for effective type I IFN antagonism despite its known ability to block downstream IFN signaling effectors as a consequence of DUB function (22) . keywords: a12; ability; activity; ad5; analysis; animals; antiviral; attenuation; binding; block; cells; cellular; cleavage; conjugation; deisgylase; different; disease; dub; eif4; encoding; expression; extracts; fig; fmdv; foot; function; genes; host; human; ifn; immunity; important; induced; infected; infection; innate; interaction; interferon; isg15; isgs; isgylation; lane; leader; levels; lfpk; llv; lpro; lprow105a; lysates; machinery; mice; molecular; mouse; mouth; mutation; order; pfu; plasmid; porcine; protease; proteins; reduced; reduction; replication; residue; response; results; signaling; significant; similar; sk6; specific; studies; study; substrates; target; type; ubiquitin; usp18; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-355671-t890eixt.txt plain text: cord-355671-t890eixt.txt item: #443 of 445 id: cord-355839-o0m71kvw author: Sedeyn, Koen title: Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins 1 and 2: Exceptional disrupters of innate immune responses date: 2019-10-17 words: 8217 flesch: 41 summary: RIG-I expression in A549 cells is strongly reduced in the presence of RSV NS1, either expressed separately or in the context of an RSV infection [51] . Another study concluded that RSV NS1 prevents GR nuclear translocation [88] . keywords: a549; activation; activity; adaptor; addition; airway; antiviral; binding; cells; colleagues; complex; dcs; dependent; domain; effector; epithelial; expression; factor; fig; functions; gene; glucocorticoid; host; human; ifn; ifns; iii; ikkε; immune; important; induced; induction; infected; infection; inhibition; innate; interaction; interferon; irf3; kinase; levels; like; mavs; mda5; mechanism; mice; nod2; nonstructural; ns1; ns2; nsd; nuclear; phosphorylation; primary; production; protein; prrs; receptor; recognition; recombinant; reduced; replication; respiratory; respiratory syncytial; responses; results; rig; role; rsv; rsv infection; signaling; stat2; strains; suppresses; suppression; syncytial; syncytial virus; targets; tbk1; traf3; transcription; translocation; trim25; type; virus cache: cord-355839-o0m71kvw.txt plain text: cord-355839-o0m71kvw.txt item: #444 of 445 id: cord-356094-sbtigcfr author: Chen, Huijie title: Antiviral Activity Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Bioactive Components of Hypericum perforatum L. date: 2019-10-29 words: 8929 flesch: 42 summary: The specific operations were as follows: CEK cells were cultured in 96-well tissue culture plates, and when the cells were full of monolayer, IBV virus was diluted to 10 −1 , 10 −2 , 10 −3 …, and 10 −12 times with serum-free M199, respectively. This further confirmed that HPE has a very good inhibitory effect on IBV infected cells. keywords: acetate; acid; activity; addition; alpha; antiviral; avian; beta; bronchitis; bronchitis virus; cek; cek cells; cells; chickens; chicks; compounds; concentration; control; cpe; culture; day; drug; effect; et al; ethyl; expression; expression levels; extract; factor; figure; gene; group; hpe; hpw; hypericum; hyperoside; ibv; ibv infection; ifn; il-6; immune; increase; infected; infection; inflammatory; influenza; interferon; kidney; layer; levels; m41; mavs; mda5; method; min; molecular; mrna; mrna expression; order; pathway; pcr; perforatum; protein; pseudohypericin; qrt; quercetin; reaction; relative; renal; results; reverse; ribavirin; signaling; significant; solution; spf; standard; study; tcid; time; titer; tnf; total; trachea; treatment; type; virus; vitro; vivo; volume; water; zhang cache: cord-356094-sbtigcfr.txt plain text: cord-356094-sbtigcfr.txt item: #445 of 445 id: cord-356197-js7l86fh author: Zhou, Ping title: Molecular Characterization of Transcriptome-wide Interactions between Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Porcine Alveolar Macrophages in vivo date: 2011-08-07 words: 4648 flesch: 35 summary: Seven genes (CCL2, SLC39A14, ATP6V1B2, C3, DDIT3, GLRX2 and TNF) were selected for Q-PCR assay to validate the changes in gene expression observed by microarray analysis. Genetic parameters for performance traits in commercial sows estimated before and after an outbreak of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Immunohistochemical detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antigen in neurovascular lesions Immunological responses of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection Distribution of a Korean strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in experimentally infected pigs, as demonstrated immunohistochemically and by in-situ hybridization The combination of PRRS virus and bacterial endotoxin as a model for multifactorial respiratory disease in pigs Understanding PRRSV infection in porcine lung based on genome-wide transcriptome response identified by deep sequencing Aberrant host immune response induced by highly virulent PRRSV identified by digital gene expression tag profiling Genome-wide transcriptional response of primary alveolar macrophages following infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on porcine alveolar macrophage function as determined using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark Immunogenicity of the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 protein encoded by a synthetic ORF5 gene Comparative pathogenicity of nine US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in a five-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pig model Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus Assessment of the efficacy of commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines based on measurement of serologic response, frequency of gamma-IFN-producing cells and virological parameters of protection upon challenge Understanding Haemophilus parasuis infection in porcine spleen through a transcriptomics approach A comparison of normalization methods for high density oligonucleotide array data based on variance and bias Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery Annotation of the Affymetrix porcine keywords: activation; affymetrix; alveolar; analysis; annotation; antiviral; cell; change; china; clinical; complement; damage; data; discovery; disease; downregulated; dpi; expression; figure; fold; genes; genome; high; homeostasis; host; ifn; induced; infected; infection; inflammatory; interaction; interferon; intracellular; lung; macrophages; method; microarray; mild; number; pams; pathogenic; pcr; piglets; pigs; porcine; porcine reproductive; protein; prrsv; prrsv infection; regional; replication; reproductive; respiratory; respiratory syndrome; response; rna; samples; serum; signaling; signs; study; syndrome; syndrome virus; system; table; tongcheng; transcriptome; type; understanding; upregulated; viral; virus; vivo; wide; zinc cache: cord-356197-js7l86fh.txt plain text: cord-356197-js7l86fh.txt