item: #1 of 107 id: cord-000166-36bfeoqv author: Tracht, Samantha M. title: Mathematical Modeling of the Effectiveness of Facemasks in Reducing the Spread of Novel Influenza A (H1N1) date: 2010-02-10 words: 5854 flesch: 53 summary: The CDC defines the term facemask as a disposable mask cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a medical device, such as surgical masks. Surgical masks are designed to help stop droplets from being spread by the person wearing the mask, not to protect against breathing in very small particle aerosols that may contain viruses [8] . keywords: cases; h1n1; individuals; masks; n95; number; pandemic; population; wearing cache: cord-000166-36bfeoqv.txt plain text: cord-000166-36bfeoqv.txt item: #2 of 107 id: cord-017140-k4lzwfge author: Andersen, Bjørg Marit title: Protection of Upper Respiratory Tract, Mouth and Eyes date: 2018-09-25 words: 6164 flesch: 57 summary: The market may soon be empty for respiratory protection masks during serious outbreaks such as SARS and Ebola virus. Using surgical face masks can reduce infection and also had some suppressing effect on the spread of infection by SARS [10] . keywords: air; equipment; face; hygiene; infection; influenza; mask; patient; protection; transmission; use; virus cache: cord-017140-k4lzwfge.txt plain text: cord-017140-k4lzwfge.txt item: #3 of 107 id: cord-025744-pynqwj5t author: van der Linden, Clifton title: Does Collective Interest or Self-Interest Motivate Mask Usage as a Preventive Measure Against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-14 words: 2367 flesch: 44 summary: Given the discursive framing of wearing masks as a common good rather than an individual benefit, we examine the extent to which the rise in mask usage is motivated by collective interest as opposed to self-interest. Third, partisan differences have an effect on the adoption of masks insofar as we observe a substantive and significant effect on mask uptake by those who voted for the Liberal Party and New Democratic Party in the 2019 Canadian federal election. keywords: health; interest; masks; public cache: cord-025744-pynqwj5t.txt plain text: cord-025744-pynqwj5t.txt item: #4 of 107 id: cord-031440-0irbypnt author: Arango, Lázaro title: Adaptation for endoscopy of a ventilation mask using a glove finger like a filter: trying to reduce aerosols date: 2020-09-04 words: 743 flesch: 58 summary: The mask has a hole in the center that is used for ventilation maneuvers with the AMBU (airway mask bag unit); we put a glove finger on this site, which fits perfectly and does not move. key: cord-031440-0irbypnt authors: Arango, Lázaro; Díaz, Claudia; Puentes, Fabián; Sánchez, Andrés; Jaramillo, Mario title: Adaptation for endoscopy of a ventilation mask using a glove finger like a filter: trying to reduce aerosols date: 2020-09-04 journal: VideoGIE DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2020.07.013 sha: doc_id: 31440 cord_uid: 0irbypnt nan Adaptation for endoscopy of a ventilation mask using a glove finger like a filter: trying to reduce aerosols Lázaro Arango, MD, FASGE, Claudia Díaz, MD, Fabián Puentes, Andrés Sánchez, MD, Mario Jaramillo The name of the COVID-19 pandemic is derived from the coronavirus disease that started in 2019. keywords: endoscopy; fig; mask cache: cord-031440-0irbypnt.txt plain text: cord-031440-0irbypnt.txt item: #5 of 107 id: cord-034298-9hpkmjvu author: Palmer, Carl L. title: Toxic Mask-ulinity: The Link between Masculine Toughness and Affective Reactions to Mask Wearing in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-07-09 words: 1754 flesch: 41 summary: We turn next to the effects of masculine toughness on positive feelings of mask wearing. key: cord-034298-9hpkmjvu authors: Palmer, Carl L.; Peterson, Rolfe D. title: Toxic Mask-ulinity: The Link between Masculine Toughness and Affective Reactions to Mask Wearing in the COVID-19 Era date: 2020-07-09 journal: nan DOI: 10.1017/s1743923x20000422 sha: doc_id: 34298 cord_uid: 9hpkmjvu The COVID-19 pandemic has altered numerous elements of social, political, and economic life. keywords: mask; men; toughness; wearing cache: cord-034298-9hpkmjvu.txt plain text: cord-034298-9hpkmjvu.txt item: #6 of 107 id: cord-035203-dnoc0xcv author: Vaňková, Eva title: Polylactic acid as a suitable material for 3D printing of protective masks in times of COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-29 words: 5756 flesch: 36 summary: Visualization of PLA mask structure under stress conditions using scanning electron microscopy To investigate the impact of possible stress factors for PLA masks, cleaning with chemicals was performed and exposure to wearing-associated contamination was simulated, as outlined below. We confirmed that the structure of PLA protective masks is compact and can be considered a sufficient barrier protection against particles of a size corresponding to microorganisms including viruses. keywords: disinfection; ethanol; fig; filaments; masks; material; pla; sars; sodium; structure; surface cache: cord-035203-dnoc0xcv.txt plain text: cord-035203-dnoc0xcv.txt item: #7 of 107 id: cord-048483-umvrwgaw author: van der Sande, Marianne title: Professional and Home-Made Face Masks Reduce Exposure to Respiratory Infections among the General Population date: 2008-07-09 words: 3816 flesch: 44 summary: Regardless of mask type, children were less well protected. The logit transformation is a standard transformation to transform the probability scale (0,1) to the real axis (-infinity, +infinity) to allow standard regression techniques (including ANOVA) to test the effects of co-variables (mask type, age class, sex, activity, duration of use) on transformed PFs in a linear model, using the statistical application R (version 2.5.0). keywords: factors; home; masks; protection; transmission; type; wearing cache: cord-048483-umvrwgaw.txt plain text: cord-048483-umvrwgaw.txt item: #8 of 107 id: cord-102315-ncjdsbn4 author: Nazeeri, A. I. title: An Efficient Ethanol-Vacuum Method for the Decontamination and Restoration of Polypropylene Microfiber Medical Masks & Respirators date: 2020-04-16 words: 5765 flesch: 50 summary: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20059709 doi: medRxiv preprint mask efficiency, and discuss our proposed adsorption mechanism of action and two experimental tests of it. This is unfortunate because studies have shown that the leakage around the mask, not through the medium, is the main determinant of total mask efficiency 18 . keywords: air; drying; efficiency; filtration; license; masks; n95; preprint; surface; vacuum; water cache: cord-102315-ncjdsbn4.txt plain text: cord-102315-ncjdsbn4.txt item: #9 of 107 id: cord-104138-qagyaegp author: Magee, Michelle title: Effects of face masks on acoustic analysis and speech perception: Implications for peri-pandemic protocols date: 2020-10-08 words: 2188 flesch: 46 summary: Post hoc comparisons showed power (dB/Hz 2 ) was significantly lower between 3-10 kHz for N95 mask and 5-10kHz for surgical and cloth masks when compared to no mask on recordings made using the head-mounted microphone (Figure 2a) . Spectral tilt was lower in recordings produced with the surgical (p=0.016) and N95 masks (p=0.001). keywords: differences; frequency; intelligibility; mask; n95; speech; type cache: cord-104138-qagyaegp.txt plain text: cord-104138-qagyaegp.txt item: #10 of 107 id: cord-134278-pe41vebc author: Kuhl, Niklas title: "Healthy surveillance": Designing a concept for privacy-preserving mask recognition AI in the age of pandemics date: 2020-10-20 words: 6162 flesch: 50 summary: Which countries have made wearing face masks compulsory Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis Face masks against covid-19: an evidence review Machine learning in artificial intelligence: Towards a common understanding General Data Protection Regulation Public privacy: camera surveillance of public places and the right to anonymity I spy with my little eye: the use of cctv in schools and the impact on privacy Beyond 'nothing to hide': when identity is key to privacy threat under surveillance Utilizing adaptive ai-based information systems to analyze the effectiveness of policy measures in the fight of covid-19 Design science research in information systems Face masks for the general public Coronavirus france: Cameras to monitor masks and social distancing Situating the concern for information privacy through an empirical study of responses to video recording The road to digital unfreedom: President xi's surveillance state Privacy in video surveillance Reference for a preliminary ruling -directive 95/46/ec -protection of individuals -processing of personal data -concept of 'in the course of a purely personal or household activity' case c-212/13 Deep residual learning for image recognition A framework for the validation of privacy protection solutions in video surveillance Towards optimal distortion-based visual privacy filters Preserving privacy by de-identifying face images Implementation of the privacy protection in video surveillance system Third IEEE International Conference on Secure Software Integration and Reliability Improvement Respectful cameras: detecting visual markers in real-time to address privacy concerns Privacy-enhancing technologies for the internet A taxonomy for privacy enhancing technologies IT-security and privacy: design and use of privacy-enhancing security mechanisms A lightweight blockchain-based privacy protection for smart surveillance at the edge Proceedings of the Second ACM/IEEE Symposium on Edge Computing Enabling live video analytics with a scalable and privacy-aware framework Face de-identification using facial identity preserving features Compression independent object encryption for ensuring privacy in video surveillance Privacy preserving video surveillance infrastructure with particular regard to modular video analytics Designing a requirement mining system Evaluating the effectiveness of pixelation and blurring on masking the identity of familiar faces Learning to anonymize faces for privacy preserving action detection Imagenet large scale visual recognition challenge An extensible edge computing architecture: Definition, requirements and enablers Image filtering algorithms and techniques: A review Defeating image obfuscation with deep learning Face de-identification Detecting masked faces in the wild with lle-cnns Using computer vision to enhance safety of workforce in manufacturing in a post covid world Mask datasets v1 Covid-19: keywords: blurring; data; face; mask; option; performance; privacy; recognition; surveillance; video cache: cord-134278-pe41vebc.txt plain text: cord-134278-pe41vebc.txt item: #11 of 107 id: cord-148354-3nl3js2x author: Kumar, Vivek title: On the utility of cloth facemasks for controlling ejecta during respiratory events date: 2020-05-05 words: 4628 flesch: 53 summary: Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks Potential utilities of mask wearing and instant hand hygiene for SARS-CoV-2 A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks in protecting health care workers from acute respiratory infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Covid-19, shortages of masks and the use of cloth masks as a last resort Mass masking in the COVID-19 epidemic: People need guidance Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic Not wearing masks to protect against coronavirus is a 'big mistake,' top Chinese scientist says Would everyone wearing face masks help us slow the pandemic? Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: Would they protect in an influenza pandemic? In South East Asian countries, the practice of using face masks for combating pollution or for personal hygiene is widespread. keywords: cloth; droplets; face; figure; flow; fluid; mask; velocity; virus cache: cord-148354-3nl3js2x.txt plain text: cord-148354-3nl3js2x.txt item: #12 of 107 id: cord-158415-qwxyuuz7 author: Chavda, Amit title: Multi-Stage CNN Architecture for Face Mask Detection date: 2020-09-16 words: 3184 flesch: 58 summary: Single shot multibox detector, European Conference on Computer Vision A hybrid deep transfer learning model with machine learning methods for face mask detection in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic An algorithm for centroid-based tracking of moving objects System for Medical Mask Detection in the Operating Room Through Facial Attributes Identifying facemask-wearing condition using image super-resolution with classification network to prevent COVID-19 (2020), Unpublished results You Only Look Once: Unified real-time object detection Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks, Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition FAREC -CNN based efficient face recognition technique using Dlib Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Masked Face Recognition After using this method, there was a significant improvement in face mask detection in video streams. keywords: detection; face; images; mask; stage cache: cord-158415-qwxyuuz7.txt plain text: cord-158415-qwxyuuz7.txt item: #13 of 107 id: cord-171219-jkoegawm author: Sheets, Donal title: An apparatus for nondestructive and rapid comparison of mask approaches in defense against infected respiratory aerosols date: 2020-06-03 words: 5348 flesch: 44 summary: A. Breathing, pressure drop, flow, face velocity: Crucial for high performance masks is that low effort is required to inhale or exhale through a mask or mask material. Time-resolved measurements of human respiration give flow rates in the range 10 L/min peak exhalation, with larger inhalation flow rates of order 25L/min. Exertional breathing in healthy humans can reach peak inhalation flow exceeding 600L/min. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) performs tests of mask and mask materials for N95 certification at 85L/min, where >95% of a defined distribution of NaCl particles >0.3µm are blocked 10 . keywords: aerosol; air; chamber; drop; face; figure; filtration; flow; mask; material; particle; pressure cache: cord-171219-jkoegawm.txt plain text: cord-171219-jkoegawm.txt item: #14 of 107 id: cord-225145-m5udub60 author: Kai, De title: Universal Masking is Urgent in the COVID-19 Pandemic: SEIR and Agent Based Models, Empirical Validation, Policy Recommendations date: 2020-04-22 words: 8153 flesch: 44 summary: We present two models for the COVID-19 pandemic predicting the impact of universal face mask wearing upon the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus--one employing a stochastic dynamic network based compartmental SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) approach, and the other employing individual ABM (agent-based modelling) Monte Carlo simulation--indicating (1) significant impact under (near) universal masking when at least 80% of a population is wearing masks, versus minimal impact when only 50% or less of the population is wearing masks, and (2) significant impact when universal masking is adopted early, by Day 50 of a regional outbreak, versus minimal impact when universal masking is adopted late. Face masks work in two ways: They can protect an infected person from spreading the virus (transmission), and they can limit how much the non-infected individual is exposed to the virus (absorption). keywords: countries; covid-19; growth; lockdown; masking; masks; model; population; public; rates; results; seir; universal; wearing cache: cord-225145-m5udub60.txt plain text: cord-225145-m5udub60.txt item: #15 of 107 id: cord-253786-dvh2wnwj author: Church, Lauren Elizabeth title: Comment on: Frequency of face touching with and without a mask in pediatric hematology/oncology health care professionals: For application to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 words: 618 flesch: 54 summary: key: cord-253786-dvh2wnwj authors: Church, Lauren Elizabeth; Nagi, Gurnoor title: Comment on: Frequency of face touching with and without a mask in pediatric hematology/oncology health care professionals: For application to the COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-08-03 journal: Pediatr Blood Cancer DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28634 sha: doc_id: 253786 cord_uid: dvh2wnwj nan The American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Comment on: Frequency of face touching with and without a mask in pediatric hematology/oncology health care professionals: For application to the COVID-19 pandemic We thank the authors for their contribution to literature regarding face touching (FT) associated with mask use. Further to this, public health campaigns regarding correct mask protocol and avoiding face touching can be evaluated for efficacy; this could involve randomising groups to receive training and then observing mask use. keywords: face; mask cache: cord-253786-dvh2wnwj.txt plain text: cord-253786-dvh2wnwj.txt item: #16 of 107 id: cord-253827-5vodag6c author: Karaivanov, A. title: Face Masks, Public Policies and Slowing the Spread of COVID-19: Evidence from Canada date: 2020-09-25 words: 13134 flesch: 59 summary: Our preferred specification with cubic time trend, column (4) of Table 3 , shows that mask mandates are associated with 31.5 percentage point increase in self-reported mask usage (p < 0.001), from a base of self-reported mask usage without mask mandate of 29.8%. Moreover, this result mitigates possible concerns that the estimated mask mandate effect on case growth may be caused by factors other than mask policy. keywords: cases; data; estimates; growth; level; mandates; mask; mask mandates; medrxiv; ontario; policy; preprint; province; table; time cache: cord-253827-5vodag6c.txt plain text: cord-253827-5vodag6c.txt item: #17 of 107 id: cord-254861-lpzx878m author: Saggese, Nicholas P. title: An Interim Solution to the Decreased Availability of Respirators Against COVID-19 date: 2020-04-22 words: 924 flesch: 53 summary: N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial COVID-19 and the risk to health care workers: a case report Surgical mask brace: a solution designed by mechanical engineers at fix the mask Second, the authors mention that surgical masks are suboptimal, 1 which is controversial and may not be true. keywords: covid-19; mask; respirator cache: cord-254861-lpzx878m.txt plain text: cord-254861-lpzx878m.txt item: #18 of 107 id: cord-255062-7ozdmb09 author: Ogoina, Dimie title: Improving Appropriate Use of Medical Masks for COVID-19 Prevention: The Role of Face Mask Containers date: 2020-08-04 words: 1012 flesch: 46 summary: Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Face masks for the public during the COVID-19 crisis COVID-19: the need for rational use of face masks in Nigeria Decontamination of surgical face masks and N95 respirators by dry heat pasteurization for one hour at 70°C Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment Endangering Health Workers Worldwide Leather pouch (A) and plastic box (B) designed as face mask containers to safely store face masks to avoid self-and environmental contamination and promote extended use of face masks in the face of scarcity Acknowledgments: The use of face mask containers could help to promote appropriate and safe storage of face masks and facilitate extended use when medical masks are not due for replacement. keywords: face; masks cache: cord-255062-7ozdmb09.txt plain text: cord-255062-7ozdmb09.txt item: #19 of 107 id: cord-257519-mug5g92f author: Baluja, A. title: UV light dosage distribution over irregular respirator surfaces. Methods and implications for safety date: 2020-04-11 words: 3805 flesch: 54 summary: Our study demonstrates that UVGI light dosage varies significantly on different respirator angles, and propose a method to descontaminate several masks at once ensuring appropriate dosage in shaded zones. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that UVGI light dosage varies significantly on different respirator angles, and propose a method to descontaminate several masks at once ensuring appropriate dosage in shaded zones. keywords: dosage; light; masks; medrxiv; preprint; respirator; uvgi cache: cord-257519-mug5g92f.txt plain text: cord-257519-mug5g92f.txt item: #20 of 107 id: cord-257997-btj4ckkz author: Wen, ZhanBo title: Assessment the protection performance of different level personal respiratory protection masks against viral aerosol date: 2012-12-23 words: 3200 flesch: 53 summary: The measurement provided by the equipment is an assessment of mask protection factor during a fit test only. Faced with the emergence of a virulent respiratory disease like SARS, tuberculosis, avian or pig flu, etc. how to choose and use respiratory protection mask can be key decisions, among other things (Lavoie et al. 2007) . keywords: aerosol; factor; fit; masks; n95; protection cache: cord-257997-btj4ckkz.txt plain text: cord-257997-btj4ckkz.txt item: #21 of 107 id: cord-258846-v6aaflzc author: Shruti, V.C. title: Reusable masks for COVID-19: A missing piece of the microplastic problem during the global health crisis date: 2020-10-20 words: 3162 flesch: 37 summary: Reusable masks are presently excluded from microplastic surveys; as of now, the environmental impact of reusable masks is unknown and not scientifically documented. In just a matter of months, the use of reusable face masks is quite widespread among public and have quickly evolved as an essential public health item in the combat against the pandemic. keywords: covid-19; et al; face; masks; microfibers; pandemic; polyester cache: cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt plain text: cord-258846-v6aaflzc.txt item: #22 of 107 id: cord-258859-iaiosjlu author: Wang, Jiao title: Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy() date: 2020-06-25 words: 2687 flesch: 36 summary: key: cord-258859-iaiosjlu authors: Wang, Jiao; Pan, Lijun; Tang, Song; Ji, John S.; Shi, Xiaoming title: Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy() date: 2020-06-25 journal: To achieve this goal, government should establish a risk adjusted strategy of mask use to scientifically publicize the use of masks, guarantee sufficient supply of masks, and cooperate for reducing health resources inequities. keywords: cases; coronavirus; covid-19; mask; pandemic; public; sars; use cache: cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt plain text: cord-258859-iaiosjlu.txt item: #23 of 107 id: cord-260429-5wsj003j author: Kenyon, Chris title: Widespread use of face masks in public may slow the spread of SARS CoV-2: an ecological study date: 2020-04-06 words: 2262 flesch: 56 summary: key: cord-260429-5wsj003j authors: Kenyon, Chris title: Widespread use of face masks in public may slow the spread of SARS CoV-2: an ecological study date: 2020-04-06 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.31.20048652 sha: doc_id: 260429 cord_uid: 5wsj003j Background The reasons for the large differences between countries in the sizes of their SARS CoV2 epidemics is unknown. Individual level studies have found that the use of face masks was protective for the acquisition and transmission of a range of respiratory viruses including SARS CoV1. keywords: face; license; masks; preprint cache: cord-260429-5wsj003j.txt plain text: cord-260429-5wsj003j.txt item: #24 of 107 id: cord-261580-zghq7mcg author: Sugrue, Michael title: A cloth mask for under-resourced healthcare settings in the COVID19 pandemic date: 2020-05-12 words: 1512 flesch: 55 summary: Protective effects of face masks have been studied extensively, often involving personal respirators for professionals under idealized conditions, involving protection of specifically trained personnel. Face masks are only a part of the overall approach but together with personal distancing, hand hygiene and other measures form a bundle which may overcome this disease [8] . keywords: cloth; face; mask; pandemic; protection cache: cord-261580-zghq7mcg.txt plain text: cord-261580-zghq7mcg.txt item: #25 of 107 id: cord-262200-2enorlii author: None title: Use of masks by health care workers date: 2020-05-30 words: 588 flesch: 51 summary: Their wearing is more restrictive than that of surgical masks. As a caregiver he needs to act as an example; • in the professional life, to wear a mask adapted to the risk of contamination: • a type II surgical mask in community or hospital medicine, during direct contact with patients, especially if they show respiratory signs, a suspected or a confirmed infection, but only if they are not performing an invasive intervention on the respiratory tract, • a type II or type I surgical mask for professionals in charge of first aid, or medical transport, or in contact with a fragile public (EHPAD and home care). keywords: mask; surgical cache: cord-262200-2enorlii.txt plain text: cord-262200-2enorlii.txt item: #26 of 107 id: cord-262920-yjsl6kck author: Schilling, Katherine title: An accessible method for screening aerosol filtration identifies poor-performing commercial masks and respirators date: 2020-08-06 words: 5402 flesch: 39 summary: For situations where regulatory methods are not accessible, we present experimental methods to evaluate mask filtration and breathability quickly via cost-effective approaches (e.g., ~$2000 USD) that could be replicated in communities of need without extensive infrastructure. While mask filtration performance can be similarly differentiated, absolute efficiencies are greater when considering all aerosols (i.e., >0.2 μm) than solely aerosols of 0.2-0.3 μm (Fig. 4, S7) . keywords: aerosol; face; fig; filtration; flow; impedance; masks; n95; size; test; testing cache: cord-262920-yjsl6kck.txt plain text: cord-262920-yjsl6kck.txt item: #27 of 107 id: cord-266123-q75f12vh author: Lin, Che-huei title: The pharmaceutical practice of mask distribution by pharmacists in Taiwan’s community pharmacies under the Mask Real-Name System, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-10-19 words: 3189 flesch: 42 summary: key: cord-266123-q75f12vh authors: Lin, Che-huei; Lin, Ya-Wen; Wang, Jong-yi; Lin, Ming-hung title: The pharmaceutical practice of mask distribution by pharmacists in Taiwan’s community pharmacies under the Mask Real-Name System, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak date: 2020-10-19 journal: Given their proven performance record as being a reliable resource for helping to implement public health promotion initiatives by the Taiwanese government, community pharmacies were enlisted to assist in the distribution of face masks to citizens across the country. keywords: community; government; health; masks; pharmacies; public; system; taiwan cache: cord-266123-q75f12vh.txt plain text: cord-266123-q75f12vh.txt item: #28 of 107 id: cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 author: Tino, Rance title: COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine date: 2020-04-27 words: 3019 flesch: 39 summary: The purpose of this Editorial is to highlight recent (as of April 1, 2020) initiatives and collaborations performed by companies, hospitals, and researchers in utilising 3D printing during the COVID-19 pandemic and to support local 3D printing efforts that can be lifesaving. key: cord-266173-gmz6oxf6 authors: Tino, Rance; Moore, Ryan; Antoline, Sam; Ravi, Prashanth; Wake, Nicole; Ionita, Ciprian N.; Morris, Jonathan M.; Decker, Summer J.; Sheikh, Adnan; Rybicki, Frank J.; Chepelev, Leonid L. title: COVID-19 and the role of 3D printing in medicine date: 2020-04-27 journal: 3D Print Med DOI: 10.1186/s41205-020-00064-7 sha: doc_id: 266173 cord_uid: gmz6oxf6 nan As of March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization classified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic, at the time of writing affecting nearly every country and territory across the globe keywords: covid-19; design; devices; equipment; fig; mask; printing; time cache: cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt plain text: cord-266173-gmz6oxf6.txt item: #29 of 107 id: cord-266377-3krv9ekb author: Nakayachi, Kazuya title: Why Do Japanese People Use Masks Against COVID-19, Even Though Masks Are Unlikely to Offer Protection From Infection? date: 2020-08-04 words: 2525 flesch: 43 summary: Mask usage was regressed by the six psychological reasons to wear masks, removing the products above to avoid multicollinearity, and in order to compare the explanatory power of the psychological reasons. By contrast, frequency of mask usage depended much less on the participants' perceived severity of the disease and the efficacy of masks in reducing infection risk both for themselves and for others. keywords: covid-19; masks; pandemic; people; risk; wearing cache: cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt plain text: cord-266377-3krv9ekb.txt item: #30 of 107 id: cord-266814-0l78gpg3 author: Mondal, A. title: Utility of Cloth Masks in Preventing Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Review date: 2020-05-11 words: 3939 flesch: 56 summary: The randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy of cloth masks with that of surgical masks in preventing infections was performed in Vietnam. This randomized controlled trial 5 by Maclntyre et al. had three arms, surgical masks, cloth masks and standard practice. keywords: cloth; cloth masks; efficacy; filtration; masks; studies cache: cord-266814-0l78gpg3.txt plain text: cord-266814-0l78gpg3.txt item: #31 of 107 id: cord-267699-h7ftu3ax author: MacIntyre, C. Raina title: A RAPID SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFICACY OF FACE MASKS AND RESPIRATORS AGAINST CORONAVIRUSES AND OTHER RESPIRATORY TRANSMISSIBLE VIRUSES FOR THE COMMUNITY, HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND SICK PATIENTS date: 2020-04-30 words: 4129 flesch: 44 summary: The five available studies of mask use by sick patients suggest a benefit, but are much smaller trials than the community trials, two without clinical endpoints, and with less certainty around the findings (34) (35) (36) (37) . They also found no evidence of efficacy of hand hygiene or health education, suggesting mask use is more protective than hand hygiene. keywords: healthcare; influenza; masks; respirators; trials; use; workers cache: cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt plain text: cord-267699-h7ftu3ax.txt item: #32 of 107 id: cord-269568-vwkawh6x author: Ten Hulzen, Richard D. title: Impact of Hearing Loss and Universal Face Masking in the COVID-19 Era. date: 2020-08-03 words: 1085 flesch: 33 summary: There are three major categories of masks being used to limit the airborne transmission of large respiratory droplets and infectious agents: a respirator, or filtering face piece (FFP), such as a N95 mask; medical face masks, such as a surgical or procedure mask; and nonmedical masks, such as commercially-or self-made masks usually made of cloth or other textiles. 2 Hearing loss impacts all age groups, yet it is more prevalent among unscreened older adults-who are also likely to be without hearing assistance. keywords: hearing; loss; sound cache: cord-269568-vwkawh6x.txt plain text: cord-269568-vwkawh6x.txt item: #33 of 107 id: cord-269665-byuv48wi author: MacIntyre, Chandini Raina title: A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit‐tested and non‐fit‐tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers date: 2011-01-27 words: 5601 flesch: 46 summary: 9, 10 In one of these studies, we showed that medical masks ⁄ respirators in compliant users in the household setting were associated with reductions in the risk of influenza-like illness (ILI)associated infection. Whether masks ⁄ respirators will be protective when used only when an identified episode of exposure occurs depends on whether HCWs accurately identify all episodes of risk, whether most transmission occurs after clearly identified exposures and whether there is transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infections. keywords: fit; group; hcws; hospitals; infection; influenza; masks; medical; n95; respirators; study cache: cord-269665-byuv48wi.txt plain text: cord-269665-byuv48wi.txt item: #34 of 107 id: cord-270766-rasjpg8v author: Luan, Phan Thien title: A Reusable Mask for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-10 words: 1350 flesch: 63 summary: Then by pumping air on the wearer's end of the mask and determine if there is any leakage on the sealed end of the connector hole, the Arch Med Res E20_298 4 CPR mask will be proved to be fully sealed and can be used as a substitute for the lacking of surgical face mask after given a sufficient filter. The sudden increase demand on face mask has caused manufacturers the inability to not provide enough products in a short time and the situation properly will stay the same for a period of time. keywords: cpr; face; mask cache: cord-270766-rasjpg8v.txt plain text: cord-270766-rasjpg8v.txt item: #35 of 107 id: cord-271822-ohkki0ke author: Verma, Siddhartha title: Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets date: 2020-06-01 words: 3258 flesch: 41 summary: Steps of fluid fragmentation leading to respiratory droplets The efficacy of standard surgical face masks: An investigation using tracer particles A quantitative assessment of the efficacy of surgical and N95 masks to filter influenza virus in patients with acute influenza infection Dispersion and exposure to a cough-generated aerosol in a simulated medical examination room Efficacy of face shields against cough aerosol droplets from a cough simulator Effectiveness of cough etiquette maneuvers in disrupting the chain of transmission of infectious respiratory diseases Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks Assessment of a respiratory face mask for capturing air pollutants and pathogens including human influenza and rhinoviruses Simple respiratory protection-Evaluation of the filtration performance of cloth masks and common fabric materials against 20-1000 nm size particles Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: Would they protect in an influenza pandemic? Effectiveness of surgical and cotton masks in blocking SARS-CoV-2: A controlled comparison in 4 patients Aerosol filtration efficiency of common fabrics used in respiratory cloth masks Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings-personal protective and environmental measures Flow dynamics and characterization of a cough Coughing frequency in patients with persistent cough: The masks help mitigate the risk of cross-infection via respiratory droplets; however, there are no specific guidelines on mask materials and designs that are most effective in minimizing droplet dispersal. keywords: air; cough; covid-19; droplets; face; masks; transmission cache: cord-271822-ohkki0ke.txt plain text: cord-271822-ohkki0ke.txt item: #36 of 107 id: cord-273565-0en2sl3q author: Scarano, Antonio title: Facial Skin Temperature and Discomfort When Wearing Protective Face Masks: Thermal Infrared Imaging Evaluation and Hands Moving the Mask date: 2020-06-27 words: 4220 flesch: 43 summary: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate facial skin temperature, discomfort and hands moving the mask when wearing surgical masks or N95 respirators, with thermal Infrared Imaging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of wearing a PFM on facial skin temperature when the subject was not actively working. keywords: discomfort; mask; n95; skin; study; temperature; wearing cache: cord-273565-0en2sl3q.txt plain text: cord-273565-0en2sl3q.txt item: #37 of 107 id: cord-274201-9qsqj91d author: Matuschek, Christiane title: The history and value of face masks date: 2020-06-23 words: 1726 flesch: 56 summary: A review Postoperative wound infections and surgical face masks: a controlled study Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations This work is dedicated to Dr. med. The use of face masks seems to be critical to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 for the period, in which therapeutic interventions are lacking. keywords: die; face; facemasks; masks; mouth; operating; surgery cache: cord-274201-9qsqj91d.txt plain text: cord-274201-9qsqj91d.txt item: #38 of 107 id: cord-275370-bt45gnqk author: Arellano-Cotrina, Josabet Johana title: Effectiveness and Recommendations for the Use of Dental Masks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Literature Review date: 2020-07-17 words: 3795 flesch: 43 summary: 24 Regarding mask sterilization, although it is necessary to determine the exact UVGI doses for mask sterilization against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, this strategy provides a possibility to extend the use of the limited supply of respirator masks against COVID-19, being both profitable and accessible. A major problem with respirator masks is discomfort and the generation of humidity inside, decreasing air permeability. keywords: capacity; coronavirus; covid-19; health; masks; n95; respirators; sterilization; use cache: cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt plain text: cord-275370-bt45gnqk.txt item: #39 of 107 id: cord-275693-ej76fsxa author: Stanislau Affonso de Araujo, E. title: Teach, and teach and teach: does the average citizen use masks correctly during daily activities? Results from an observational study with more than 12,000 participants date: 2020-06-28 words: 1988 flesch: 60 summary: Among the core measures to prevent disease spread is the use of face masks. Even though this is densely populated region and heavily impacted by COVID-19 with a high risk population, only 45.1% of the observed population wore in face masks in a correct way, and another 15.5% simply did not use masks at all. keywords: license; masks; medrxiv; preprint cache: cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt plain text: cord-275693-ej76fsxa.txt item: #40 of 107 id: cord-280220-q4aqkr0w author: Patel, Samir N. title: Bacterial dispersion associated with various patient face mask designs during simulated intravitreal injections date: 2020-10-28 words: 3760 flesch: 44 summary: The role of topical antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection The impact of prefilled syringes on endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of ranibizumab Effect of a strict 'no-talking' policy during intravitreal injection on post-injection endophthalmitis Bacterial dispersal associated with speech in the setting of intravitreous injections Reducing oral flora contamination of intravitreal injections with face mask or silence Universal masking in hospitals in the covid-19 era Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets with laser light scattering Mask wiggling as a potential cause of wound contamination Is a mask necessary in the operating theatre? Use of cloth face coverings to help slow the spread of covid-19 Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of sars-cov-2 and covid-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets On respiratory droplets and face masks Do slit-lamp shields and face masks protect ophthalmologists amidst covid-19? Microbial spectrum and outcomes of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection versus pars plana vitrectomy Endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection: The importance of viridans streptococci Endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection The use of surgical facemasks during cataract surgery: Is it necessary? These findings are of particular importance given that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, universal precautions have been established for patients and physicians to wear face masks in order to decrease potential exposure to coronavirus through respiratory secretions. keywords: face; mask; scenarios; speech; subjects; talking; tape cache: cord-280220-q4aqkr0w.txt plain text: cord-280220-q4aqkr0w.txt item: #41 of 107 id: cord-282879-28nhr1hv author: Patel, Samir N. title: The impact of physician face mask use on endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections date: 2020-09-02 words: 5248 flesch: 38 summary: Visual acuity outcomes for culture-positive endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial group factor injection in the face mask group vs. no talking group This study evaluated the rate of post-injection endophthalmitis with physician face mask use compared to a no talking policy without face mask use. Cases were divided into “face mask group” if face masks were worn by the physician during intravitreal injections or “no talking group” if no face mask was worn but a no talking policy was observed during intravitreal injections. keywords: cases; endophthalmitis; face; group; injection; intravitreal; mask; talking cache: cord-282879-28nhr1hv.txt plain text: cord-282879-28nhr1hv.txt item: #42 of 107 id: cord-283555-pgel6i3y author: Chan, Tak Kwong title: Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations date: 2020-05-26 words: 3008 flesch: 49 summary: ► The proper approach to addressing shortage is to formulate stratified recommendations that take full account of the benefits of using face masks in the community and provide viable solutions at different scenarios (see table 3 in the main text). This commentary echoes the plea from Greenhalgh et al to encourage people to wear a disposable surgical mask (face mask) in the community. keywords: community; evidence; face; face mask; mask cache: cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt plain text: cord-283555-pgel6i3y.txt item: #43 of 107 id: cord-284484-oak1lfmi author: Barratt, Ruth title: Enablers of, and barriers to, optimal glove and mask use for routine care in the emergency department: an ethnographic study of Australian clinicians date: 2019-12-04 words: 6942 flesch: 47 summary: key: cord-284484-oak1lfmi authors: Barratt, Ruth; Gilbert, Gwendolyn L.; Shaban, Ramon Z.; Wyer, Mary; Hor, Su-yin title: Enablers of, and barriers to, optimal glove and mask use for routine care in the emergency department: an ethnographic study of Australian clinicians date: 2019-12-04 journal: Australas Emerg Care DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2019.10.002 sha: doc_id: 284484 cord_uid: oak1lfmi BACKGROUND: The risk of healthcare-acquired infection increases during outbreaks of novel infectious diseases. The questions were guided by the 14 domains of the TDF and focused on the desired behaviours of optimal compliance with glove and mask use. keywords: barriers; clinicians; gloves; infection; mask; participants; patient; ppe; risk; study; use cache: cord-284484-oak1lfmi.txt plain text: cord-284484-oak1lfmi.txt item: #44 of 107 id: cord-284925-vy2li9lz author: Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu title: COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection date: 2020-04-29 words: 4723 flesch: 48 summary: 37 Conjunctivitis was reported to be present in 0.8% to 5.2% of COVID-19 patients. Conjunctivitis could be present in COVID-19 patients, and virus may even be present in their tears and conjunctival secretion. keywords: air; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; infection; masks; n95; patients; respiratory; sars; transmission cache: cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt plain text: cord-284925-vy2li9lz.txt item: #45 of 107 id: cord-285425-3v1bid02 author: MacIntyre, Chandini Raina title: The efficacy of medical masks and respirators against respiratory infection in healthcare workers date: 2017-08-30 words: 2865 flesch: 44 summary: Four interventions were compared: (i) continuous N95 respirator use, (ii) targeted N95 respirator use, (iii) medical mask use and (iv) control arm. Rates of laboratory‐confirmed bacterial colonisation (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33‐0.87) and droplet‐transmitted infections (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25‐0.72) were also lower in the targeted N95 arm, but not in medical mask arm. keywords: control; masks; medical; n95; respirators; trial cache: cord-285425-3v1bid02.txt plain text: cord-285425-3v1bid02.txt item: #46 of 107 id: cord-288354-7ruoysxu author: Howard, Matt C. title: Understanding face mask use to prevent coronavirus and other illnesses: Development of a multidimensional face mask perceptions scale date: 2020-06-26 words: 3721 flesch: 46 summary: Future research could extend their findings to face masks by incorporating face mask perceptions as mediators of threats' and coping appraisals' effects on face mask wearing behaviours. From these efforts, we identify an avenue that social scientists can aid in preventing coronavirus and illness more broadly – by studying face mask perceptions and behaviours. keywords: face; factor; fmps; mask; perceptions cache: cord-288354-7ruoysxu.txt plain text: cord-288354-7ruoysxu.txt item: #47 of 107 id: cord-288483-y9fyslgo author: Zorko, David J. title: DECONTAMINATION INTERVENTIONS FOR THE REUSE OF SURGICAL MASK PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW date: 2020-07-10 words: 3937 flesch: 36 summary: There is limited evidence on the safety or efficacy of surgical mask decontamination. AIM: Identify and synthesize data from original research evaluating interventions to decontaminate surgical masks for the purpose of reuse. keywords: decontamination; interventions; mask; n95; pieces; review; studies; study; use cache: cord-288483-y9fyslgo.txt plain text: cord-288483-y9fyslgo.txt item: #48 of 107 id: cord-288569-sitxa2ul author: Smereka, Jacek title: Role of Mask/Respirator Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-20 words: 716 flesch: 53 summary: There are currently many types of masks/respirators available, ranging from simple surgical masks designed to protect wearers from microorganism transmission and fit loosely to the user's face, through N95 masks used to prevent users from inhaling small airborne particles. The potential of face masks to reduce the spread of respiratory infections could be useful. keywords: face; masks; respirators cache: cord-288569-sitxa2ul.txt plain text: cord-288569-sitxa2ul.txt item: #49 of 107 id: cord-289521-zun6tp2o author: Leonard, Scott title: Reducing aerosol dispersion by High Flow Therapy in COVID‐19: High Resolution Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Particle Behavior during High Velocity Nasal Insufflation with a Simple Surgical Mask date: 2020-05-29 words: 7062 flesch: 51 summary: For particle studies, CFD allows precise tracking of particle sizes and location that is generally not possible with other methods. ANSYS results for the percentage of particle mass by disposition and particle size (≤5µm or >5µm) for all tested cases, both with and without a surgical mask. . keywords: breathing; flow; hvni; mask; mass; model; particles; patient; room; simulation; therapy; velocity cache: cord-289521-zun6tp2o.txt plain text: cord-289521-zun6tp2o.txt item: #50 of 107 id: cord-291392-19vj647z author: Poostchi, Ali title: Comment on: “Controversies regarding mask usage in ophthalmic units in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic” date: 2020-06-03 words: 401 flesch: 39 summary: J Infectious Dis N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: a randomized clinical trial Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis The WHO, CDC and ECDC recommend that respirators should be prioritised for use in high risk aerosol generating procedures and that surgical face masks are acceptable in other situations when treating individuals with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 [3] . keywords: mask; respirators cache: cord-291392-19vj647z.txt plain text: cord-291392-19vj647z.txt item: #51 of 107 id: cord-292173-95t89yee author: Villani, Federico Alcide title: COVID-19 and Dentistry: Prevention in Dental Practice, a Literature Review date: 2020-06-26 words: 4589 flesch: 43 summary: In patients with a cured COVID-19 infection, the American Dental Association (ADA) guidelines propose to reschedule dental treatment at least 72 h after the resolution of the symptoms, or 7 days after the appearance of initial symptoms, such as fever controlled without antipyretics and spontaneous improvement of breathing [39] . Further accurate studies have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of oral rinses just before dental treatment; Costa et al., in a study in 2019, highlighted how the use of chlorhexidine at 0.12% and 0.20% alters the amount of bacteria, viruses, and fungi present in the oral biofilm, reducing the risk of cross-contamination due to aerosol [29] . keywords: authors; coronavirus; covid-19; dental; health; masks; protection; respirators; review; sars; use cache: cord-292173-95t89yee.txt plain text: cord-292173-95t89yee.txt item: #52 of 107 id: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q author: Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe title: Mass masking as a way to contain COVID-19 and exit lockdown in low- and middle-income countries date: 2020-07-17 words: 1285 flesch: 45 summary: The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: interim guidance Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent evidence supports a predominantly airborne transmission route for COVID-19, and strongly encourages face mask use in public to prevent inter-human transmission. keywords: covid-19; face; masks; use cache: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt plain text: cord-292201-e7k7gn9q.txt item: #53 of 107 id: cord-292587-hp4zd8lr author: Rubino, Ilaria title: Respiratory Protection against Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases date: 2017-10-31 words: 2611 flesch: 30 summary: Therefore, respiratory protection devices are a key non-pharmaceutical intervention that is essential to the global strategy for pandemic readiness. Safer and More Effective Respiratory Protection for a Timely Emergency Response? Diverse methods have been investigated to improve the performance of respiratory protection devices (Box 1), such as higher subject releases pathogenic aerosols by breathing, talking, sneezing, and coughing. keywords: devices; efficiency; filtration; infection; masks; pandemic; protection; respirators cache: cord-292587-hp4zd8lr.txt plain text: cord-292587-hp4zd8lr.txt item: #54 of 107 id: cord-295806-imuk73xa author: Ramirez-Moreno, J. M. title: Mask-associated de novo headache in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. date: 2020-08-11 words: 3990 flesch: 46 summary: Finally, a study of 212 health professionals assessing demographic factors, time of N-95 mask use and the existence of previous headaches showed a relatively high prevalence of mask headache among health workers who worked in high-risk areas during the 2003 SARS epidemic [10] . In addition, they reported that headache was clearly different from other headaches suffered in 64.6% of the cases. keywords: headache; health; mask; novo; stress; study; use; workers cache: cord-295806-imuk73xa.txt plain text: cord-295806-imuk73xa.txt item: #55 of 107 id: cord-296216-odzm7lml author: Kroo, L. title: Pneumask: Modified Full-Face Snorkel Masks as Reusable Personal Protective Equipment for Hospital Personnel date: 2020-04-29 words: 13531 flesch: 54 summary: 24.20078907 doi: medRxiv preprint Figure 5 A qualitative fit test was performed by the standard University of Utah Operating Room team using the same protocol suggested by CDC and NIOSH on elastomeric respirators and N95 masks. We constructed an experimental system for measuring the pressure drop across various materials, including N95 masks, during inhalation and exhalation. keywords: april; author; copyright; face; figure; filter; fit; funder; holder; license; mask; medrxiv preprint; perpetuity; preprint; snorkel; test; use; valve; version cache: cord-296216-odzm7lml.txt plain text: cord-296216-odzm7lml.txt item: #56 of 107 id: cord-297295-lsewt5t2 author: Matusiak, Łukasz title: Inconveniences due to the use of face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a survey study of 876 young people date: 2020-05-14 words: 728 flesch: 57 summary: key: cord-297295-lsewt5t2 authors: Matusiak, Łukasz; Szepietowska, Marta; Krajewski, Piotr; Białynicki‐Birula, Rafał; Szepietowski, Jacek C title: Inconveniences due to the use of face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a survey study of 876 young people date: 2020-05-14 journal: Dermatol Ther DOI: 10.1111/dth.13567 sha: doc_id: 297295 cord_uid: lsewt5t2 nan The use of face masks by general population became ubiquitous during the COVID-19 pandemic (1) . Personal protective equipment (PPE) can cause harm to the skin (2) (3) (4) (5) , however, little is known on inconveniences of face masks wearing (4) (5) (6) (7) . keywords: face; masks cache: cord-297295-lsewt5t2.txt plain text: cord-297295-lsewt5t2.txt item: #57 of 107 id: cord-298227-av1ev8ta author: Kähler, Christian J. title: Fundamental protective mechanisms of face masks against droplet infections date: 2020-06-28 words: 7150 flesch: 52 summary: key: cord-298227-av1ev8ta authors: Kähler, Christian J.; Hain, Rainer title: Fundamental protective mechanisms of face masks against droplet infections date: 2020-06-28 journal: J Aerosol Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105617 sha: doc_id: 298227 cord_uid: av1ev8ta Many governments have instructed the population to wear simple mouth-and-nose covers or surgical face masks to protect themselves from droplet infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in public. It was surprizing that for months, WHO, the CDC and many public health professionals in Europe advised against wearing face masks unless someone has COVID-19 or cares for someone who has COVID-19 (Feng et al., 2020 and Leung et al., 2020a) . keywords: air; droplets; et al; face; filtering; flow; infection; masks; material; people; protection cache: cord-298227-av1ev8ta.txt plain text: cord-298227-av1ev8ta.txt item: #58 of 107 id: cord-298433-tev33cjh author: Mardimae, Alexandra title: Modified N95 Mask Delivers High Inspired Oxygen Concentrations While Effectively Filtering Aerosolized Microparticles date: 2006-09-22 words: 4941 flesch: 51 summary: We tested the N95 mask (3M model 1870, 3M, for 9 subjects; Aero mask, Aero Co, Southbridge, MA, for 1 subject), the N95 O 2 mask (constructed from the same models of N95 mask stated previously), and the nonrebreathing mask. Six of the subjects were hospital employees who had been previously fit-tested with N95 masks. keywords: concentrations; flow; mask; minute; n95; n95 mask; n95 o; particle cache: cord-298433-tev33cjh.txt plain text: cord-298433-tev33cjh.txt item: #59 of 107 id: cord-298793-9vq3bogn author: Bunyan, D. title: Respiratory and facial protection: a critical review of recent literature date: 2013-11-30 words: 3505 flesch: 36 summary: London: HSE Special article: personal protective equipment for care of pandemic influenza patients: a training workshop for the powered air purifying respirator Surgical mask vs N95 respirator for preventing influenza among health care workers: a randomized trial A cluster randomized clinical trial comparing fit-tested and non-fit-tested N95 respirators to medical masks to prevent respiratory virus infection in health care workers Surgical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing influenza Surgical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing influenza Surgical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing influenza Particulate face masks for protection against airborne pathogens e one size does not fit all: an observational study Health care workers and respiratory protection: is the user seal check a surrogate for respirator fit-testing? The report by Loeb et al. drew a number of comments and criticisms including questions relating to variations in the filtering efficiencies of different makes of respirators and masks, training in N95 respirator use, poor compliance with respirator use, problems in ensuring a proper respirator fit, and infection with influenza in settings outside the workplace. keywords: healthcare; infection; influenza; masks; n95; protection; respirators; use cache: cord-298793-9vq3bogn.txt plain text: cord-298793-9vq3bogn.txt item: #60 of 107 id: cord-301063-kqlra788 author: Li, Dion Tik Shun title: Facial protection in the era of COVID‐19: a narrative review date: 2020-06-07 words: 4714 flesch: 49 summary: On the contrary, the healthcare systems, that appear to have been unprepared for emergencies of this nature, should be appropriately geared to handle the imbalance of supply and demand of personal protective equipment including face masks. While there is no doubt that wearing different types of facial cover including face masks is an important weapon in the prevention of cross infection in the healthcare setting (Meleney FL, 1926) , the efficacy of a majority of these appears to be yet unproven, and matter of conjecture and controversy. keywords: article; copyright; covid-19; face; health; masks; protection; respirators; use; wearing cache: cord-301063-kqlra788.txt plain text: cord-301063-kqlra788.txt item: #61 of 107 id: cord-301723-zz24wmv7 author: Jotz, Geraldo Pereira title: Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)? date: 2020-06-23 words: 1375 flesch: 51 summary: Unfortunately, MacIntyre et al evaluated the use of cloth masks in a health care facility and found that health care workers using cotton cloth masks were at increased risk of infection compared with those who wore medical masks. World Health Organization A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology keywords: covid-19; masks; transmission; use cache: cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt plain text: cord-301723-zz24wmv7.txt item: #62 of 107 id: cord-303034-w72oeoxq author: Haischer, Michael H. title: Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-10-15 words: 4432 flesch: 50 summary: The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with 'lock-down' in managing the COVID-19 pandemic United States Coronavirus Info; c2020 Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Enviromental Health Matters Initiative Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest Face masks for the public during the COVID-19 crisis Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Additionally, mask mandates are necessary to increase mask wearing among the public to a level required to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. keywords: age; covid-19; data; individuals; mandates; mask; public; rural; wearing cache: cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt plain text: cord-303034-w72oeoxq.txt item: #63 of 107 id: cord-304170-cmeiqvnp author: van Straten, B. title: Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19 date: 2020-04-08 words: 712 flesch: 46 summary: In case of an acute shortage of FFP2 masks, steam sterilization (e.g. in laminate sterilization wrappings) of used masks at 121 ⁰C in laminated bags, is a simple, useful cost-effective and quick procedure that can be used to make used masks available for safe reuse. [1, 2] A blind comparison of unused sterilized masks was performed with respect to visual inspection, consistency, face fit and breathing resistance. keywords: masks; sterilization; van cache: cord-304170-cmeiqvnp.txt plain text: cord-304170-cmeiqvnp.txt item: #64 of 107 id: cord-304941-yg4x7c8n author: Hossain, Emroj title: Recharging and rejuvenation of decontaminated N95 masks date: 2020-09-01 words: 3763 flesch: 52 summary: Additionally, most decontamination methods remove all the charges from the charged layer, with a concomitant reduction in mask efficiency. A major factor contributing to the filtration efficiency of N95 masks is the presence of an intermediate layer of charged polypropylene electret fibers that trap particles through electrostatic or electrophoretic effects. keywords: charge; efficiency; filtration; filtration efficiency; masks; method; n95; particles cache: cord-304941-yg4x7c8n.txt plain text: cord-304941-yg4x7c8n.txt item: #65 of 107 id: cord-305066-g042y51w author: Abd-Elsayed, Alaa title: Utility of Substandard Face Mask Options for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-04-20 words: 1578 flesch: 39 summary: Interestingly, the benefit of either mask was significantly dependent on adherence of face mask use. Moreover, Aiello et al 13 observed that the risk reduction of viral contraction with surgical face mask use was significant with concomitant hand washing practices. keywords: face; masks; respirators; use cache: cord-305066-g042y51w.txt plain text: cord-305066-g042y51w.txt item: #66 of 107 id: cord-305282-x2zzzw43 author: SUEN, C. Y. title: Feasibility of Reusing Surgical Mask Under Different Disinfection Treatments date: 2020-05-20 words: 2696 flesch: 49 summary: Surgical mask decontamination methods have been reported from various media. The possibility to extend the lifespan or even reuse one-off personal protective equipment, especially for N95 respirator and surgical mask become critical during pandemic. keywords: disinfection; efficiency; filtration; mask; methods; minutes; samples; treatment cache: cord-305282-x2zzzw43.txt plain text: cord-305282-x2zzzw43.txt item: #67 of 107 id: cord-305419-l68ewxar author: Smart, Hiske title: Preventing Facial Pressure Injury for Health Care Providers Adhering to COVID-19 Personal Protective Equipment Requirements date: 2020-06-11 words: 5267 flesch: 55 summary: This led to the creation of the HELP enabler, which emphasizes 10 evidence-based points to improve HCP prevention of facial mask injuries ( Figure 1 ). Since February 21, 2020, staff in high risk areas such as the ED and ICU of King Hamad University Hospital have worn N95 masks when doing aerosol-generating procedures to protect against the novel coronavirus 2019. keywords: dressing; hour; injury; mask; n95; pressure; protection; skin; staff; test cache: cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt plain text: cord-305419-l68ewxar.txt item: #68 of 107 id: cord-305867-i7wdwjph author: MacIntyre, C Raina title: Masks in the community are an effective strategy: Author's response to Haslam et al (2020) date: 2020-09-09 words: 1656 flesch: 48 summary: A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patient Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on URIs and influenza in crowded, urban households Influenza seasonality: Lifting the fog a rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients Face mask use and control of respiratory virus transmission in households A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients The role of facemasks and hand hygiene in the prevention of influenza Haslam presents a range of arguments as to why community mask use is ineffective. keywords: hand; influenza cache: cord-305867-i7wdwjph.txt plain text: cord-305867-i7wdwjph.txt item: #69 of 107 id: cord-306244-8gjng3o9 author: Alizargar, Javad title: Wearing masks and the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-29 words: 506 flesch: 47 summary: key: cord-306244-8gjng3o9 authors: Alizargar, Javad title: Wearing masks and the fight against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) date: 2020-05-29 journal: Pulmonology DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.05.011 sha: doc_id: 306244 cord_uid: 8gjng3o9 nan We read with great interest the article by Ippolito et al. 1 in which the authors summarized the use of medical masks in the viral outbreaks like the COVID-19. As their study compared different features of medical masks and respirators, the essential role of wearing masks for both inward and outward protection (protecting the wearer from the environment and the opposite) was emphasized. keywords: covid-19; masks cache: cord-306244-8gjng3o9.txt plain text: cord-306244-8gjng3o9.txt item: #70 of 107 id: cord-307167-mj2vrxdj author: Patel, Viren title: Beauty and the Mask date: 2020-08-10 words: 1667 flesch: 47 summary: In the 1980s, Dr. Leslie Farkas, widely recognized as the father of craniofacial anthropometry, sought to define the facial measurements and proportions associated with attractive faces. As the citizens of the world followed government-imposed stay-at-home orders, and as the phrase social distancing became part of the daily lexicon in a matter of weeks, the public largely adopted the use of face coverings in public places to reduce potential transmission of the virus. keywords: attractiveness; average; face; mask cache: cord-307167-mj2vrxdj.txt plain text: cord-307167-mj2vrxdj.txt item: #71 of 107 id: cord-308638-lrgvwjti author: Chalikonda, Sricharan title: Implementation of an Elastomeric Mask Program as a Strategy to Eliminate Disposable N95 Mask Use and Resterilization: Results from a Large Academic Medical Center date: 2020-06-11 words: 2562 flesch: 45 summary: Establishing an elastomeric mask program is feasible and less expensive than programs focused on reusing and disinfecting disposable N95 masks. We also reduced the usage of disposable N95 masks by 75% to take in to account the aggressive reuse and sterilization programs that would have been employed had we not purchased the elastomeric. keywords: cost; fit; masks; n95; n95s; program cache: cord-308638-lrgvwjti.txt plain text: cord-308638-lrgvwjti.txt item: #72 of 107 id: cord-308857-otsrexqu author: Goel, Saurav title: Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 words: 10617 flesch: 43 summary: Antibodies help prevent future infections by detecting the virus and binding to their surfaces signalling the body's immune system to destroy such viruses or virus-infected cells. PSS organic electrochemical transistors for chemical and biological sensors: a mini review COVID-19: A Risk Assessment Perspective Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes Anti-HIV drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Fast Identification of Possible Drug Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) through Computational Drug Repurposing Study Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals COVID-19: keywords: coatings; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; disease; drug; figure; infection; line; manufacturing; masks; material; nanoparticles; new; pandemic; patients; people; research; sars; surface; test; use; virus; viruses cache: cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt plain text: cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt item: #73 of 107 id: cord-309575-7orflz20 author: Vuolo, Mike title: COVID-19 Mask Requirements as a Workers’ Rights Issue: Parallels to Smoking Bans date: 2020-07-16 words: 2151 flesch: 44 summary: Indeed, decades of research have shown that smoking bans led to measurable improvements in working conditions and worker health. If anything, however, this discrepancy makes indoor mask requirement policies all the more important, as it remains unknown who may pose a risk to workers, especially given the possibility of asymptomatic transmission. keywords: health; mask; requirements; smoking; workers cache: cord-309575-7orflz20.txt plain text: cord-309575-7orflz20.txt item: #74 of 107 id: cord-310948-nt378esz author: Edwards, N. J. title: Quantifying Respiratory Airborne Particle Dispersion Control Through Improvised Reusable Masks date: 2020-07-14 words: 5160 flesch: 38 summary: If the SARS-CoV-2 aerosol is considered with an ability to infect for more than 3 hours with TCID50 of greater than 10 2 as noted in a recent laboratory study [1] then the understanding the effectiveness of non-medical masks and face coverings to control human exhalation aerosol dispersion has significant importance for broad public health infectious disease strategy, especially with asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic populations. [10, 11] A lack of definitive data on establishing the effectiveness of using non-medical masks or face coverings has resulted in medical practitioners giving broad public health guidance based on professional judgement only. keywords: aerosol; dispersion; effectiveness; exhalation; face; filtration; masks; particle; preprint; study; velocity cache: cord-310948-nt378esz.txt plain text: cord-310948-nt378esz.txt item: #75 of 107 id: cord-311795-kvv3fx2n author: Barratt, Ruth title: Clinician perceptions of respiratory infection risk; a rationale for research into mask use in routine practice date: 2019-08-31 words: 5296 flesch: 36 summary: The knowledge and skills of HCWs are factors that affect protective mask use, therefore investigating how knowledge and cognition impacts on the HCW decision-making for mask use can inform the delivery of education and how policies are implemented. However, little is known about the influences on decisions and behaviours of HCWs with respect to protective mask use when providing routine care. keywords: diseases; hcws; healthcare; infection; influenza; mask; pandemic; ppe; respiratory; risk; use cache: cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt plain text: cord-311795-kvv3fx2n.txt item: #76 of 107 id: cord-314216-xx5xbjqu author: Malik, Talia title: COVID-19 and the Efficacy of Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment Used by Health Care Providers in a Health Care Setting date: 2020-04-10 words: 1607 flesch: 44 summary: Half of the HCWs used surgical masks, whereas the rest used N95 masks as the RPE while performing procedures on the infected patient. This helps us in determining the relative efficacy of surgical masks and N95 masks over one another in preventing the transmission of the virus among HCWs. keywords: hcws; masks; n95 cache: cord-314216-xx5xbjqu.txt plain text: cord-314216-xx5xbjqu.txt item: #77 of 107 id: cord-314422-u2elzgl8 author: Bothra, Atul title: Retroauricular dermatitis with vehement use of ear loop face masks during COVID19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 words: 494 flesch: 38 summary: key: cord-314422-u2elzgl8 authors: Bothra, Atul; Das, Seujee; Singh, Mehak; Pawar, Manoj; Maheswari, Anshu title: Retroauricular dermatitis with vehement use of ear loop face masks during COVID19 pandemic date: 2020-06-03 journal: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16692 sha: doc_id: 314422 cord_uid: u2elzgl8 The COVID‐19 pandemic forged theexponential use of masks of various kinds, not just by health workers but also by general population as a personal protective equipment (PPE). All rights reserved trapping of sweat, use of disinfectant to reuse masks, application of dyes to colour homemade masks are frequent causes of dermatitis using ear loop face masks. keywords: dermatitis; masks cache: cord-314422-u2elzgl8.txt plain text: cord-314422-u2elzgl8.txt item: #78 of 107 id: cord-316126-j51dik7f author: Zhang, X. Sophie title: SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles date: 2020-10-28 words: 12443 flesch: 29 summary: Recently, the WHO has acknowledged that short-range aerosol transmission, particularly in specific indoor locations, such as crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces over a prolonged period of time with infected persons cannot be ruled out but specifies that the significance of COVID-19 airborne transmission has not been convincingly demonstrated and requires further research (1) . World Health Organization Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) SARS among critical care nurses Intubation of SARS patients: infection and perspectives of healthcare workers Illness in intensive care staff after brief exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome Lack of SARS transmission among healthcare workers, United States Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples of quarantined households Relative contributions of transmission routes for COVID-19 among healthcare personnel providing patient care Aerosol and surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 observed in quarantine and isolation care Investigating SARS-CoV-2 surface and air contamination in an acute healthcare setting during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in London Environmental and aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalized COVID-19 patients 2020. keywords: aerosols; airborne; care; contact; control; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; hcws; health; health care; infection; masks; particles; patients; protection; respirators; review; risk; sars; settings; studies; transmission; workers cache: cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt plain text: cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt item: #79 of 107 id: cord-316266-6m9g3bdr author: Jones, Peter title: What proportion of healthcare worker masks carry virus? A systematic review date: 2020-06-24 words: 2236 flesch: 50 summary: Although limited, current evidence suggests that viral carriage on the outer surface of surgical masks worn by HCW treating patients with clinical respiratory illness is low and there was not strong evidence to support the assumption that mask use may increase the risk of viral transmission. 6 7 This prompted a change in advice such that currently mask use is permitted, with warnings that incorrect use of masks may be harmful, including concerns that mask use may actually increase your risk of COVID-19. keywords: hcw; masks; review; studies; use cache: cord-316266-6m9g3bdr.txt plain text: cord-316266-6m9g3bdr.txt item: #80 of 107 id: cord-317047-86rb6hov author: Ippolito, Mariachiara title: Medical masks and Respirators for the Protection of Healthcare Workers from SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses date: 2020-04-27 words: 1974 flesch: 34 summary: [11] In the case of some biological contaminants, such 180 as the case of SARS-CoV-2, a threshold limit value is not known, and so the 181 An interesting pilot study has evaluated N95 respirator and medical masks in 288 the setting of home care N95 respirators provided higher respiratory 294 protection in comparison to medical masks, but the protection factors varied on an 295 individual basis, also depending on the activity performed, with a greater risk in 296 specific tasks like tracheal suctioning or nebulizer treatments. keywords: healthcare; masks; protection; respirators; use cache: cord-317047-86rb6hov.txt plain text: cord-317047-86rb6hov.txt item: #81 of 107 id: cord-317915-0javg3m8 author: Kumar, Jagdesh title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-20 words: 2287 flesch: 50 summary: The majority (88.2%) of participants knew that a cloth face mask is not much effective, around 79.8% knew that used face mask cannot be re-used, and 44.8% knew about the yellow-coded bag for disposal. key: cord-317915-0javg3m8 authors: Kumar, Jagdesh; Katto, Muhammad Soughat; Siddiqui, Adeel A; Sahito, Badaruddin; Jamil, Muhammad; Rasheed, Nusrat; Ali, Maratib title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-04-20 journal: Cureus DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7737 sha: doc_id: 317915 cord_uid: 0javg3m8 Introduction Many countries including Pakistan are currently using face masks in their pandemic control plans. keywords: face; hcws; knowledge; mask; use cache: cord-317915-0javg3m8.txt plain text: cord-317915-0javg3m8.txt item: #82 of 107 id: cord-318660-47dqa1dd author: Jain, Mehr title: Efficacy and Use of Cloth Masks: A Scoping Review date: 2020-09-13 words: 4212 flesch: 54 summary: In this setting, cloth masks may play an important role in limiting disease transmission; however, current literature on the use of cloth masks remains inconclusive. This review aims to integrate current studies and guidelines to determine the efficacy and use of cloth masks in healthcare settings and/or the community. keywords: cloth; covid-19; efficacy; masks; protection; studies; use cache: cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt plain text: cord-318660-47dqa1dd.txt item: #83 of 107 id: cord-318835-sd9hbocg author: Felfeli, Tina title: Utility of patient face masks to limit droplet spread from simulated coughs at the slit lamp date: 2020-07-27 words: 1706 flesch: 50 summary: Of major concern are the high titres of virus in the oropharynx early in the disease course, and long incubation period (5À7 days) of asymptomatic shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. 1 Effective use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, face masks, goggles, face shields, and gowns is critical to prevent the spread of infection to and from health care workers and patients. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirusÀinfected pneumonia Efficacy of slit lamp breath shields Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks Intra-abdominal pressures during voluntary and reflex cough Cough aerosol in healthy participants: fundamental knowledge to optimize droplet-spread infectious respiratory disease management Coughing and aerosols Barrier enclosure during endotracheal intubation Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets with laser light scattering Footnotes and Disclosure Quality Improvement Grant, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences keywords: droplets; lamp; mask; slit cache: cord-318835-sd9hbocg.txt plain text: cord-318835-sd9hbocg.txt item: #84 of 107 id: cord-321847-4a6eb4mr author: Eckl, L. title: Gender- and age-related differences in misuse of face masks in COVID-19 prevention in central European cities date: 2020-11-13 words: 2209 flesch: 51 summary: As an incorrect fit of face mask, we defined any deviant kinds of mask use, i.e., covering only the mouth or the nose but not both or neither of them, a very loose fit with forming gaps between the mask and the face and taking the mask off for coughing or sneezing. key: cord-321847-4a6eb4mr authors: Eckl, L.; Hansch, S. title: Gender- and age-related differences in misuse of face masks in COVID-19 prevention in central European cities date: 2020-11-13 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.11.20224030 sha: doc_id: 321847 cord_uid: 4a6eb4mr 1 ABSTRACT Objective Correct use of face masks is required for their efficacy in preventing possible droplet infections with SARS-CoV-2. keywords: age; face; gender; mask; preprint; use cache: cord-321847-4a6eb4mr.txt plain text: cord-321847-4a6eb4mr.txt item: #85 of 107 id: cord-322521-by0e6h7s author: Imbrie-Moore, Annabel M. title: Quadrupling the N95 Supply during the COVID-19 Crisis with an Innovative 3D-Printed Mask Adaptor date: 2020-07-23 words: 2525 flesch: 50 summary: Although there are ongoing sterilization efforts for used N95 masks, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy of sterilization without affecting the filtration quality of N95 masks [7, 8] . Our novel 3D-printed mask adaptor and cartridge is designed to extend the supply of N95 masks in a cost-effective and scalable manner by dividing each N95 mask into four sections, thus quadrupling the supply. keywords: cartridge; filter; fit; mask; n95 cache: cord-322521-by0e6h7s.txt plain text: cord-322521-by0e6h7s.txt item: #86 of 107 id: cord-322923-zxraxgl1 author: Bayersdorfer, Jennifer title: Novel Manufacturing of Simple Masks in Response to International Shortages: Bacterial and Particulate Filtration Efficiency Testing date: 2020-07-16 words: 1298 flesch: 44 summary: Based on mask configuration, specific surgical wrap selected, and ply, the recommended filtration efficiency for isolation and surgical masks of 95% and 98%, respectively can be achieved. Based on mask configuration, specific surgical wrap selected, and ply, the recommended filtration efficiency for isolation and surgical masks of 95% and 98%, respectively can be achieved. keywords: efficiency; filtration; masks; ply cache: cord-322923-zxraxgl1.txt plain text: cord-322923-zxraxgl1.txt item: #87 of 107 id: cord-324444-t697xw4y author: Rodriguez-Palacios, Alexander title: Textile Masks and Surface Covers - A 'Universal Droplet Reduction Model' Against Respiratory Pandemics date: 2020-04-10 words: 2465 flesch: 33 summary: As a result, the availability/use of medical masks is discouraged for the public. Together, experiments indicate that two-152 layers of household textiles are as effective as medical masks preventing EnDC, and that more 153 breathable materials in ≥2-layers could be effectively used if individuals deem two-layer, 'denser' 154 textiles too air-restrictive. keywords: droplets; endc; license; masks; medrxiv; preprint cache: cord-324444-t697xw4y.txt plain text: cord-324444-t697xw4y.txt item: #88 of 107 id: cord-324585-2rx84imv author: Konda, Abhiteja title: Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks date: 2020-04-24 words: 5084 flesch: 50 summary: However, there is limited data available today on the performance of common cloth materials used in such cloth masks, 7−12 particularly their filtration efficiencies as a function of different aerosol sizes ranging from ∼10 nm to ∼10 μm scale sizes. This includes the use of cloth masks by large sections of the public, as can be seen during the current global spread of COVID-19. keywords: aerosol; cloth; cotton; filtration; masks; particle; silk; size cache: cord-324585-2rx84imv.txt plain text: cord-324585-2rx84imv.txt item: #89 of 107 id: cord-326039-pnf2xjox author: Seale, Holly title: A review of medical masks and respirators for use during an influenza pandemic date: 2009-08-18 words: 1343 flesch: 39 summary: Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base Interventions for the interruption or reduction of the spread of respiratory viruses Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: systematic review SARS transmission among hospital workers in Hong Kong Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Face mask use and control of respiratory virus transmission in households Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a randomized trial SARS among critical care nurses Feasibility exercise to evaluate the use of particulate respirators by emergency department staff during the 2007 influenza season All authors contributed to the writing and revising of the text. Non-pharmacological public health interventions including use of face masks are therefore likely to play a vital role in mitigating disease spread, particularly in developing countries. keywords: health; influenza; masks; respirators; use cache: cord-326039-pnf2xjox.txt plain text: cord-326039-pnf2xjox.txt item: #90 of 107 id: cord-326519-1r3jdffu author: Orlova, Galina title: City Archipelago: Mapping (post)lockdown Moscow through its heterogeneities date: 2020-07-11 words: 3461 flesch: 51 summary: From maps of pandemic Moscow we can see how the concentration of the virus shifts from the prosperous centre and South-West, where the epidemic began, to the northern, eastern and south- Techno-political failures of Moscow lockdown are full of heterogeneities. keywords: capital; city; hall; island; isolation; masks; moscow; pandemic; quarantine; russian; self; state cache: cord-326519-1r3jdffu.txt plain text: cord-326519-1r3jdffu.txt item: #91 of 107 id: cord-326565-s62inw07 author: Shacham, E. title: Association of County-Wide Mask Ordinances with Reductions in Daily CoVID-19 Incident Case Growth in a Midwestern Region Over 12 Weeks date: 2020-10-30 words: 1934 flesch: 48 summary: The primary study outcome measurement was daily COVID-19 infection growth rate. As COVID-19 infections occur more often among areas with higher county-level population density per square mile, higher proportion of residents identifying as non-white, and lower median annual household income, 25,6 these variables were included from the 2018, 5-year American Community Survey to control for variations in COVID-19 case growth. keywords: counties; county; covid-19; growth; mask cache: cord-326565-s62inw07.txt plain text: cord-326565-s62inw07.txt item: #92 of 107 id: cord-329945-p5hljkkm author: Zhou, Zhi‐Guo title: Mask is the possible key for self‐isolation in COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-08 words: 394 flesch: 59 summary: key: cord-329945-p5hljkkm authors: Zhou, Zhi‐Guo; Yue, Dong‐Sheng; Mu, Chen‐Lu; Zhang, Lei title: Mask is the possible key for self‐isolation in COVID‐19 pandemic date: 2020-04-08 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25846 sha: doc_id: 329945 cord_uid: p5hljkkm Ma's research shows N95 masks, medical masks, even homemade masks could block at least 90% of the virus in aerosols(1). States mainly adopt the method of social distance between people to reach 6 feet to prevent infection, but for the COVID-19 pandemic, it may not be effective as we supposed. keywords: masks cache: cord-329945-p5hljkkm.txt plain text: cord-329945-p5hljkkm.txt item: #93 of 107 id: cord-332512-28utunid author: Eikenberry, Steffen E. title: To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-04-11 words: 6698 flesch: 41 summary: We explore possible nonlinearities in mask coverage and effectiveness and the interaction of these two parameters; we find that the product of mask effectiveness and coverage level strongly predicts the effect of mask use on epidemiologic outcomes. However, the relative benefit to general masks use may increase with other decreases in β 0 , such that masks can synergize with other public health measures. keywords: coverage; covid-19; masks; model; new; population; public; transmission; use cache: cord-332512-28utunid.txt plain text: cord-332512-28utunid.txt item: #94 of 107 id: cord-332532-419wnq7x author: Lam, Stanley Kam Ki title: Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 words: 875 flesch: 49 summary: key: cord-332532-419wnq7x authors: Lam, Stanley Kam Ki; Hung, Maria Shuk Yu; Chien, Wai Tong title: Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-05-16 journal: However, there is lingering uncertainty among the general public worldwide about the use of face masks amid the pandemic. keywords: health; masks; public cache: cord-332532-419wnq7x.txt plain text: cord-332532-419wnq7x.txt item: #95 of 107 id: cord-332577-2z5pchyq author: Adolph, C. title: Governor partisanship explains the adoption of statewide mandates to wear face coverings date: 2020-09-02 words: 6222 flesch: 51 summary: Using originally collected data on mask mandates across states, we examine how differences in COVID-19 indicators, state capacity, and partisan politics may have affected the speed of mask mandate adoption. To further capture variation across mask mandates applying to the general public, we create a typology with three ordered categories that encompass all state-wide public mask mandates issued over this period: Limited mandate (Level 1). keywords: covid-19; deaths; level; license; mandates; mask; medrxiv; preprint; public; state cache: cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt plain text: cord-332577-2z5pchyq.txt item: #96 of 107 id: cord-333379-wtdhdcjz author: Rajagopaian, Sanjay title: Flattening the curve in COVID-19 using personalised protective equipment: lessons from air pollution date: 2020-05-11 words: 1877 flesch: 40 summary: See rights and permissions OrCID iD Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: JACC state-of-the-art review Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: emission of respirable pathogens Cough aerosol in healthy participants: fundamental knowledge to optimize droplet-spread infectious respiratory disease management The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence Professional and home-made face masks reduce exposure to respiratory infections among the general population Evaluating the efficacy of cloth facemasks in reducing particulate matter exposure Challenges in evaluating PM concentration levels, commuting exposure, and mask efficacy in reducing PM exposure in growing, urban communities in a developing country SARS-CoV-2 entry genes are most highly expressed in nasal goblet and iliated cells within human airways Contributors SR drafted the manuscript. Previous modelling studies have suggested that large particles of >100 micron can reach distances as far as 6 ft (the recommended gap for social distancing), when ejected via coughing or sneezing, but simple face masks could be effective with these larger particles (figure 1). keywords: air; masks; particles; pollution; public cache: cord-333379-wtdhdcjz.txt plain text: cord-333379-wtdhdcjz.txt item: #97 of 107 id: cord-334166-vll4s0xq author: Jones, Huw AS title: Reducing Aerosolised Particles and Droplet Spread in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery during COVID‐19 date: 2020-08-15 words: 2615 flesch: 46 summary: A total of three scenarios were tested; 1) Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) (uncinectomy, middle meatal antrostomy, anterior & posterior ethmoidectomy, sphenoidotomy) using powered suction 4mm microdebrider (4 minute duration) with suction mask and repeated without, 2) Powered drilling of the frontal recess and beak using a 12000 rpm 55 degree integrated suction cutting burr with suction mask and repeated without, 3) Drill activation outside cadaver, within the mask aperture for 20 seconds with and without suction applied. Two models were utilised: smoke to simulate fine particle aerosolization, and fluorescein staining to simulate respiratory droplet spread. keywords: droplet; endoscopic; mask; pressure; spread; suction; surgery cache: cord-334166-vll4s0xq.txt plain text: cord-334166-vll4s0xq.txt item: #98 of 107 id: cord-337372-y43prnko author: bin‐Reza, Faisal title: The use of masks and respirators to prevent transmission of influenza: a systematic review of the scientific evidence date: 2011-12-21 words: 4043 flesch: 36 summary: 18 None of the studies we reviewed established a conclusive relationship between mask ⁄ respirator use and protection against influenza infection. Firstly, development of evidence-based guidance about mask ⁄ respirator use is inextricably linked to what is known about how influenza is spread and specific risk factors that can affect transmissibility (e.g. host factors, pathogen factors, environmental factors and particle size). keywords: influenza; masks; respirators; sars; studies; transmission; use cache: cord-337372-y43prnko.txt plain text: cord-337372-y43prnko.txt item: #99 of 107 id: cord-341695-9l2lmzyr author: He, W. title: Filtration Performance Degradation of In-Use Masks by Vapors from Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizers and the Mitigation Solutions date: 2020-11-04 words: 2747 flesch: 43 summary: In addition, we proposed a simple practice for vaporavoiding hand disinfection to mitigate the effects of alcohol-based sanitizers on mask filtration performance. Both the filtration efficiencies and electrostatic potential of the cotton mask had no change after 5 times of common hand disinfection ( Figure 2 and is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in (which was not certified by peer review) preprint The copyright holder for this this version posted November 4, 2020. keywords: disinfection; filtration; hand; masks; preprint cache: cord-341695-9l2lmzyr.txt plain text: cord-341695-9l2lmzyr.txt item: #100 of 107 id: cord-342357-g8m57t67 author: Cumbo, Enzo title: Management and use of filter masks in the “none-medical” population during the Covid-19 period date: 2020-09-21 words: 1691 flesch: 45 summary: The parameters examined were the following: the type of mask (surgical mask, filtering mask with valve like FFP2/FFP3 type, filtering mask like FFP2/FFP3 type without valve, self-built mask or replaced by cloth), correctness in wearing it (covering nose and chin), and management (touching or not the mask on the external surface). By analyzing all the results in detail, taking into account the type of mask, the following data were recorded: Surgical masks were the most observed in our study (60.86%) probably because they are the cheapest and easiest to find at just a certain moment like this unexpected pandemic which created a much higher demand for these devices than normal production and market presence. keywords: mask; nose; type; use cache: cord-342357-g8m57t67.txt plain text: cord-342357-g8m57t67.txt item: #101 of 107 id: cord-342666-7el8o6qq author: Mahmood, Syed Uzair title: Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-05-23 words: 2707 flesch: 56 summary: Disclosures Risk at Work -Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment Endangering Health Workers Worldwide Health-Care Workers Have Been Infected With the Coronavirus 000 Italian Health Workers Infected With Virus: Study Infections Amongst Healthcare Workers Increase by 75pc in a Week UK Doctors Finding It Harder to Get PPE Kit to Treat Covid-19 Patients Use of PPE in response of coronavirus (COVID-19): A smart solution to global economic challenges Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic Keep Your Distance to Slow the Spread Advice on the Use of Masks in the Context of COVID-19 Recommends People Wear Cloth Masks to Block the Spread of COVID-19. key: cord-342666-7el8o6qq authors: Mahmood, Syed Uzair; Crimbly, Faine; Khan, Sheharyar; Choudry, Erum; Mehwish, Syeda title: Strategies for Rational Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) keywords: covid-19; equipment; healthcare; masks; ppe; use cache: cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt plain text: cord-342666-7el8o6qq.txt item: #102 of 107 id: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3 author: Chowdhury, Mohammad Asaduzzaman title: Prospect of biobased antiviral face mask to limit the coronavirus outbreak date: 2020-10-03 words: 2320 flesch: 52 summary: It has been reported that face masks are effective in lowering the spread of the virus. Face masks can filter droplets containing the virus. keywords: covid-19; face; licorice; mask; root; spread; virus cache: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt plain text: cord-343535-r8rsbfs3.txt item: #103 of 107 id: cord-345883-ncot7tvn author: Hansstein, Francesca Valeria title: Exploring motivations behind pollution-mask use in a sample of young adults in urban China date: 2018-12-04 words: 6136 flesch: 37 summary: Although there are criticisms in the literature towards the measurement redundancy of PBC and self-efficacy [25] constructs were kept separated in this research following the approach of similar studies examining health behaviours or college students [26, 27] . So, if information dissemination and knowledge-based mobilization has occupied a central place in the governmental strategy to redress the negative outcomes of air pollution among individuals, net results of such attempts in terms of pollution mask use have frustrated expectations, and this happened in particular among one of the most valuable human resource assets of the nation: its college-level youth. keywords: air; behaviour; efficacy; health; intention; mask; model; pollution; research; self; study; use; wearing cache: cord-345883-ncot7tvn.txt plain text: cord-345883-ncot7tvn.txt item: #104 of 107 id: cord-347390-xz5a99cr author: Ray, Saikat Sinha title: Surface innovation to enhance anti-droplet and hydrophobic behavior of breathable compressed-polyurethane masks date: 2020-08-07 words: 2742 flesch: 43 summary: 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Features, evaluation and treatment 440 coronavirus (COVID-19), Statpearls Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-448 19) outbreak Face mask use and control of respiratory virus transmission in households, Emerging 451 infectious diseases To 453 mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the 454 COVID-19 pandemic A Flexible Nanoporous Template 456 for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks How to Safely Wear and Take Off a Cloth Face Covering An 460 Efficient Ethanol-Vacuum Method for the Decontamination and Preparation of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane-modified silica 463 nanocomposite hydrosol and superhydrophobic cotton coating Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics prepared by one-step water-466 based sol-gel coating Silica nanocomposite based hydrophobic functionality 468 on jute textiles Inorganic micro-and nanostructured implants for 470 tissue engineering Emerging Developments in the Use of Electrospun Fibers and 472 Membranes for Protective Clothing Applications The environmental dangers of employing single-use face 475 masks as part of a COVID-19 exit strategy Mask-induced contact dermatitis in handling COVID-19 outbreak A thermodynamic model of contact angle hysteresis Polymer-based multifunctional nanocomposites and their applications Physical characterization of 483 nanoparticle size and surface modification using particle scattering diffusometry Eco-friendly curcumin-loaded 486 nanostructured lipid carrier as an efficient antibacterial for hospital wastewater treatment Size, volume fraction, and 489 nucleation of Stober silica nanoparticles Porous biodegradable polyurethane 491 nanocomposites: preparation, characterization, and biocompatibility tests Comparison between SiOC thin film by plasma enhance chemical vapor deposition and 494 SiO 2 thin film by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Review on blueprint of designing anti-wetting polymeric 497 membrane surfaces for enhanced membrane distillation performance Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane (PSF/PVP/SiO2) and performance 500 evaluation for the removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solutions Durable, self-healing, 503 superhydrophobic fabrics from fluorine-free, waterborne, polydopamine/alkyl silane coatings Hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterned surfaces for 506 directed evaporative preconcentration Design of super-hydrophobic microporous 508 polytetrafluoroethylene membranes Morphological and structural 510 developments in nanoparticles polyurethane foam nanocomposite's synthesis and their effects on 511 mechanical properties Performance of fabrics for home-made masks against spread 513 of respiratory infection through droplets: a quantitative mechanistic study, medRxiv A short review on the development of novel face masks during 515 COVID-19 pandemic Nanotechnology in Textiles: Theory and Application Air permeability & porosity in spun-laced fabrics, Fibres and Textiles in Eastern 519 Contact angles and wettability: 521 towards common and accurate terminology Typically, facets of real surfaces such as surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity, may Environ Technol Innov DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101093 sha: doc_id: 347390 cord_uid: xz5a99cr With the emergence of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is essential that face masks demonstrating significant anti-droplet and hydrophobic characteristics are developed and distributed. keywords: hydrophobic; mask; silica; sol; surface; water cache: cord-347390-xz5a99cr.txt plain text: cord-347390-xz5a99cr.txt item: #105 of 107 id: cord-351506-ubaoxxg0 author: Nestor, Mark S. title: “Masking” our emotions: Botulinum toxin, facial expression, and well‐being in the age of COVID‐19 date: 2020-07-12 words: 4830 flesch: 45 summary: The effects of BTX on displays of facial emotion in the setting of mask-wearing, let alone its effect on facial expression alone, cannot be demonstrated without first understanding the anatomy of facial expression, particularly the formation of frowning and smiling. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Covid-19 -navigating the uncharted Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: altruism and solidarity The psychology of wearing face masks in times of the COVID-19 Masks and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Constants across cultures in the face and emotion Holistic gaze strategy to categorize facial expression of varying intensities Masking the face: recognition of emotional facial expressions as a function of the parameters of backward masking Mapping the emotional face. keywords: botulinum; btx; emotions; expressions; face; half; mask; smile; toxin cache: cord-351506-ubaoxxg0.txt plain text: cord-351506-ubaoxxg0.txt item: #106 of 107 id: cord-354111-rj6te7fz author: Stone, Teresa E. title: Editorial: Facemasks and the Covid 19 pandemic: What advice should health professionals be giving the general public about the wearing of facemasks? date: 2020-04-12 words: 2098 flesch: 45 summary: Accepted Article advocating the use of face masks contrary to WHO advice and health officials in many Asian countries have required the general public to wear masks (Boonbandit, 2020; Tufekci, 2020) . : Farangs who don't wear masks 'should be kicked out WHO warns of global shortage of face masks and protective suits Coronavirus outbreak tests China's surveillance technology Thousands of Chinese doctors volunteered for the frontline of the coronavirus outbreak. keywords: coronavirus; face; health; masks; use; wearing cache: cord-354111-rj6te7fz.txt plain text: cord-354111-rj6te7fz.txt item: #107 of 107 id: cord-354127-sb8tovy2 author: de Abreu, Andrea Pio title: Recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology regarding the use of cloth face coverings, by chronic kidney patients in dialysis, during the new coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) date: 2020-08-26 words: 1350 flesch: 49 summary: Taking into account the necessary prioritization of the provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for patients with suspected or confirmed disease, as well as for healthcare professionals, the SBN is favorable concerning the wear of cloth masks by chronic kidney patients in dialysis, in public settings, except in the dialysis setting. Taking into account the necessary prioritization of the provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for patients with suspected or confirmed disease, as well as for healthcare professionals, the SBN is favorable concerning the wear of cloth masks by chronic kidney patients in dialysis, in public settings, except in the dialysis setting. keywords: cloth; mask; patients; recommendations cache: cord-354127-sb8tovy2.txt plain text: cord-354127-sb8tovy2.txt