key: cord-260687-xa3iy187
authors: Santillan-Garcia, Azucena; Zaforteza-Lallemand, Concha; Castro-Sanchez, Enrique
title: Nurses as political knowledge brokers, opportunities for growth in the Spanish context
date: 2020-06-16
journal: Int J Nurs Stud
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103690
sha: 
doc_id: 260687
cord_uid: xa3iy187

nan

Nurses as political knowledge brokers, opportunities for growth in the Spanish context

Azucena Santillan-Garcia. University Hospital of Burgos (Spain) ORCID: 0000-0002-7376-4170

Concha Zaforteza-Lallemand. Regional Hospital of Inca (Spain) ORCID: 0000-0002-5211-2245

Enrique Castro-Sanchez. City, University of London (UK) ORCID: 0000-0002-3351-9496

Azucena Santillan-Garcia ebevidencia@gmail.com

We have seen with interest the paper by Tsay et al (2020) recently published in the Journal. The authors concluded that nursing leaders in Taiwan have worked collectively with the executive branch to ensure a good coordination among government agencies and the health service, including robust lobbying measures to ensure an adequate supply of personal protective equipment and quickly mobilise human and capital resources.

The authors do not comment on the participation in Taiwan of nurses and nursing leaders in expert and advisory committees, and we wonder whether there are parallelisms with the COVID-19 health crisis and response in Spain, where nursing has barely been included in relevant strategy documents, and nurses largely absent from such expert and advisory committees. Further, we are concerned that the prominence of such "expert-based" policymaking may accentuate the invisibility of nurses at that level.

In view of the dearth of scientific evidence surrounding many novel coronavirus-related topics, a reliance on government-appointed sages to effectively decide on behalf of the executive branch about healthcare and public health measures with profound societal impact may be acceptable at times like these. However, a similar process has hardly if ever been often followed on longstanding nursing-related topics with direct impact on patient and population health, such as nurse staffing ratios (Castro-Sánchez & Santillán-García, 2020) or advanced nursing practice roles, with plenty of supporting safety, efficacy and economic evidence (Laurant et al., 2018) . Such dichotomy may well reflect the influence and role that ideology, think-tanks and lobbies may play within routine policymaking, a process not conducted in a vacuum.

Nurses should then recognise that solely underpinning their professional claims with such discourse of scientific evidence would be insufficient to reach such goals unless it is flanked by strategies to broker the evidence to decision and policy-makers. Some potential approaches may include tailored briefing notes (Kilpatrick et al., 2015) , or the counsel of parliamentary offices of science and technology (Santillán-García et al., 2020). But even those mechanisms would also need to be supported by tailored communication, and more crucially, diplomacy and negotiation.

Arguably, policy-making by expert consensus can be useful, but public policies which are not informed by the nursing perspective of societal issues and the nursing expertise to enable solutions to address such ailments may ill-serve the public good. On the other hand, the chronic absence of nurses from decision-making and, specifically, political fora (Wilson et al., 2020) suggests that for them to be seen as valuable peers, they will have to evaluate their existing narratives (Lunardi et al., 2006) , construct robust collective perspectives about current health and care affairs, and embrace the policy forming process (Salvage & White, 2019) . Precisely, other authors have highlighted already the dearth of effective senior nursing leaders in the COVID-19 response (Daly et al, 2020) , and the tensions stemming from focusing mostly on the acute need to safeguard strategic education, research, scholarship and practice positions, overlooking leadership in politics and public policy. Some incentives to foster the interest of current and future nurses in this area may include improved undergraduate education, as well as competitive research funding calls on nursing policy activism and optimal approaches for involvement in the political arena. More contemporarily, the Nightingale Challenge could recognise policy engagement and political advocacy as relevant and useful competencies to gain and master.

To sum up, as soon as Spanish nurses see themselves as knowledge-brokers in the health policy and politics arenas, build their strengths and skills in these áreas and, more importantly, work together to have a unique voice in the decision-making environments, then citizens will have an opportunity to benefit from the health improvements afforded by the nursing gaze.

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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