# bib

id: cord-259243-1lkzcslx
author: Álvarez-Aragón, Luis Miguel
date: 2020-04-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 757
sentence: 24
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-259243-1lkzcslx.txt
txt: txt/cord-259243-1lkzcslx.txt
title:
  Inquiring into Benefits of Independent Activation of Non-Classical Renin-Angiotensin System in the Clinical Prognosis and Reduction of COVID-19 mortality

summary:
  It is pertinent to evoke that ACE2 is also a fundamental component in the ACE2-Angiotensin(1-7)-MasR axis, also known as non-classical RAS, indicating, therefore, the existence of non-classical RAS also in the lungs. Non-classical RAS is a counter-regulatory system of the classical RAS in that its end product, Angiotensin(1-7), which after binding to the Mas receptor, presents important antiinflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-fibrotic, natriuretic and vasodilator effects [5] , actions completely opposed to those promoted by the end product of the classical RAS Angiotensin II.


id: cord-351875-e4aw7gkd
author: Messerli, Franz H.
title: COVID-19 and Renin Angiotensin Blockers: Current Evidence and Recommendations
date: 2020-04-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1291
sentence: 61
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-351875-e4aw7gkd.txt
txt: txt/cord-351875-e4aw7gkd.txt
summary:
  Thus with direct renin inhibitors, RAS blockade and cardiopulmonary protection is maintained, but ACE2 seems to be downregulated In general, RAS blockers are efficacious and welltolerated drugs with few adverse side effects. Whether or not infectivity to viral infection is increased in patients treated with RAS blockers remains unknown.


id: cord-257558-dgnbfzli
author: Diamond, Betty
date: 2020-06-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1419
sentence: 62
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-257558-dgnbfzli.txt
txt: txt/cord-257558-dgnbfzli.txt
title:
  The renin–angiotensin system: An integrated view of lung disease and coagulopathy in COVID-19 and therapeutic implications

summary:
  Indeed, ACE2 deficiency exacerbates disease in mouse models of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and two strains of influenza (Khan et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2014; Zou et al., 2014) . Angiotensin, not cleaved by ACE2, binds the AT1 receptor, contributing to pathology; an AT1 receptor inhibitor, losartan, improves disease outcome (Yang et al., 2014) .


id: cord-272546-zznm13ik
author: Van den Eynde, Jef
title: Cardiothoracic robotic assisted surgery in times of COVID-19
date: 2020-05-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1876
sentence: 64
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt
txt: txt/cord-272546-zznm13ik.txt
summary:
  Importantly, cardiothoracic RAS may require one-lung ventilation to create more space within the thoracic cavity, hence providing adequate visualization during robotic surgery. At a time when elective surgeries are being suspended and questions are being raised about how the remaining procedures on COVID-19 positive patients can be performed safely, it is important to consider the potential role of robotic assisted surgery within the current pandemic.


id: cord-276260-iccaqz8u
author: Namsolleck, Pawel
title: Does activation of the protective Renin-Angiotensin System have therapeutic potential in COVID-19?
date: 2020-08-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2470
sentence: 91
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-276260-iccaqz8u.txt
txt: txt/cord-276260-iccaqz8u.txt
summary:
  AT 2 R / MasR: angiotensin II type 2 receptor or Mas receptor or AT 2 R-MasR heterodimers; TGFBR2: transforming growth factor beta receptor II; AT 1 R: angiotensin II type 1 receptor; RTKs: receptor tyrosine kinases; Akt: protein kinase B; PTP: protein tyrosine phosphatase; PSP: protein serine/threonine phosphatase; eNOS: nitric oxide synthase 3; NO: nitric oxide; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; MMP9: matrix metallopeptidase 9; TGFβ: transforming growth factor beta; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; CTGF: connective tissue growth factor; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ECM: extracellular matrix; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; NOX: NADPH oxidase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; NFκB: nuclear factor kappa B; Gαi: G protein alpha i subunit; ATIP: Angiotensin converting enzyme; ACEi: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; Ang II: Angiotensin II; Ang-(1-7): Angiotensin-(1-7) Selective activation of angiotensin AT2 receptors attenuates progression of pulmonary hypertension and inhibits cardiopulmonary fibrosis Angiotensin-(1-7) and the regulation of antifibrotic signaling pathways COVID-19 and RAS: Unravelling an unclear relationship Cardioprotective angiotensin-(1-7) peptide acts as a natural-biased ligand at the angiotensin II type 1 receptor COVID-19 as a viral functional ACE2 deficiency disorder with ACE2 related multi-organ disease Contentious issues and evolving concepts in the clinical presentation and management of patients with COVID-19 infection with reference to use of therapeutic and other drugs used in co-morbid diseases A potential therapeutic role for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension Endothelial cell dysfunction: a major player in SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19)? Understanding the renin-angiotensinaldosterone-SARS-CoV-Axis: a comprehensive review Interactions of coronaviruses with ACE2, angiotensin II, and RAS inhibitors-lessons form available evidence and insights into COVID-19 A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Evidence for heterodimerization and functional interaction of the angiotensin type 2 receptor and the receptor MAS Activation of Ang-(1-7)/mas receptor is a possible strategy to treat coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection Is the use of RAS inhibitors safe in the current era of COVID-19 pandemic?


id: cord-337511-20yaol5r
author: Ryan, Paul MacDaragh
date: 2020-06-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3250
sentence: 111
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-337511-20yaol5r.txt
txt: txt/cord-337511-20yaol5r.txt
title:
  COVID-19 and relative angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency: role in disease severity and therapeutic response

summary:
  theoretICAl ImplICAtIonS of ACe2-expreSSIng Cell deStruCtIon by SArS-CoV-2 In CArdIoVASCulAr SyStem And other orgAnS Given that SARS-CoV-2 specifically targets ACE2 receptor and based on SARS-CoV homology and previous SARS-CoV pathology studies, it is reasonable to expect that during viremia host cells and tissues that express ACE2 in the major organs such as lungs, heart, vascular system and kidneys will be susceptible to viral infection. Previous studies with SARS-CoV and more recently SARS-CoV-2 studies 42 showed that soluble ACE2 protein actually inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral spike RBD binding to membrane ACE2 receptor.


id: cord-010329-rcx450b6
author: Khazak, Vladimir
date: 2005
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3596
sentence: 129
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-010329-rcx450b6.txt
txt: txt/cord-010329-rcx450b6.txt
title:
  Development of a Yeast Two-Hybrid Screen for Selection of Human Ras-Raf Protein Interaction Inhibitors

summary:
  The human Ras and Raf proteins effectively interact in a yeast two-hybrid system (28), which makes this interaction an attractive drug target in yeast strains with increased permeability. As an alternative strategy, a number of yeast genes involved in the control of membrane permeability have been identified, which might be targeted to improve strain permeability (15) .


id: cord-006737-7h8vvim7
author: Chen, Xiang-Fan
date: 2018-02-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3828
sentence: 149
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-006737-7h8vvim7.txt
txt: txt/cord-006737-7h8vvim7.txt
title:
  Inhibition on angiotensin-converting enzyme exerts beneficial effects on trabecular bone in orchidectomized mice

summary:
  The effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan on fracture healing in rats Does the use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers affect bone loss in older men The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use on bone loss in elderly Chinese Differential response of bone and kidney to ACEI in db/db mice: a potential effect of captopril on accelerating bone loss Effect of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor antagonists on pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril improves muscle histopathology but not contractile function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy Involvement of skeletal renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system in bone deteriorations of type 1 diabetic mice with estrogen deficiency Renin inhibitor aliskiren exerts beneficial effect on trabecular bone by regulating skeletal reninangiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system in ovariectomized mice ACE phenotyping as a guide toward personalized therapy with ACE inhibitors Effect of angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis Targeting inflammation: new therapeutic approaches in chronic kidney disease (CKD) Captopril improves osteopenia in ovariectomized rats and promotes bone formation in osteoblasts Antihypertensive medications, bone mineral density, and fractures: a review of old cardiac drugs that provides new insights into osteoporosis A comparative study between the effect of 17-β estradiol and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats Local bone interaction between renin-angiotensin system and kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic rat Bradykinin regulates osteoblast differentiation by Akt/ERK/NFkB signaling axis Bradykinin receptors and EphB2/EphrinB2 pathway in response to high glucose-induced osteoblast dysfunction and hyperglycemia-induced bone deterioration in mice Inhibition of aneurysm progression by direct renin inhibition in a rabbit model Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on cardiac fibrosis and oxidative stress status in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation model in rats Orchiectomy markedly reduces the concentration of the three isoforms of transforming growth factor beta in rat bone, and reduction is prevented by testosterone Profibrosing effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in human lung fibroblasts Rationale for combining a direct renin inhibitor with other reninangiotensin system blockers. key: cord-006737-7h8vvim7 authors: Chen, Xiang-Fan; Li, Xiao-Li; Liu, Jin-Xin; Xu, Jing; Zhao, Yan-Yan; Yang, Min; Zhang, Yan title: Inhibition on angiotensin-converting enzyme exerts beneficial effects on trabecular bone in orchidectomized mice date: 2018-02-07 journal:


id: cord-002632-6he8sjpf
author: Goldstein, Benjamin
date: 2017-07-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4234
sentence: 137
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-002632-6he8sjpf.txt
txt: txt/cord-002632-6he8sjpf.txt
title:
  Alterations in Gene Expression of Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Its Related Enzymes in Lung Cancer

summary:
  AGTR1, ACE, ENPEP, MME, and PRCP, which encode the AT(1) angiotensin II receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, aminopeptidase N, neprilysin, and prolylcarboxypeptidase, respectively, were also underexpressed. Consistent with an oncogenic activity of the RAS in lung, AT 1 receptor inhibition decreases the metastasis of lung cancer cells [31] .


id: cord-317423-3nkzp1z2
author: Turk, Can
date: 2020-06-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4333
sentence: 184
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-317423-3nkzp1z2.txt
txt: txt/cord-317423-3nkzp1z2.txt
title:
  In vitro analysis of the renin–angiotensin system and inflammatory gene transcripts in human bronchial epithelial cells after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus

summary:
  The first genetic proof of the ACE2 and SARS-CoV receptor relationship was reported by Kuba et al. 20 Our results showed that in lung epithelial cells, ACE2 gene expression increased between 12 and 24 hours and remained at the same level between 24 . A total of seven RAS signaling pathway genes (nine probe sets; alanyl aminopeptidase (ANPEP), ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), insulinlike growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), angiotensinogen (AGT), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME)) showed significantly different expression values between the 12-hour group and the 24-hour group.


id: cord-289905-dvl2pud2
author: Gan, Rosemary
title: COVID-19 as a Viral Functional ACE2 Deficiency Disorder with ACE2 Related Multi-organ Disease
date: 2020-06-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4360
sentence: 182
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt
txt: txt/cord-289905-dvl2pud2.txt
summary:
  This group of patients may well carry higher risk for COVID-19 renal disease. The viral destruction of ACE2 expressing cells may lead to the profound loss of the protective AT(1-7) effects in an environment of ATII effect dominance (Fig. 1) .


id: cord-001961-0ic7twhy
author: Ding, Dan
date: 2015-09-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4337
sentence: 180
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-001961-0ic7twhy.txt
txt: txt/cord-001961-0ic7twhy.txt
title:
  Vaccination against type 1 angiotensin receptor prevents streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy

summary:
  The ratio of kidney weight/body weight in diabetic groups was significantly increased compared with that in control group, substantial to the presence of renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Furthermore, ATRQβ-001 vaccination suppressed renal Ang II-AT1R activation and abrogated the downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-Ang (1–7), similar to olmesartan treatment, while no obvious feedback activation of circulating or local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was only observed in vaccine group.


id: cord-005931-iggkxbbf
author: Phillips, M. Ian
title: Brain renin angiotensin in disease
date: 2008-04-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4351
sentence: 208
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-005931-iggkxbbf.txt
txt: txt/cord-005931-iggkxbbf.txt
summary:
  Brain RAS has neuronal effects far beyond cardiovascular and fluid homeostasis and may be developed for therapies for neurological dysfunctions The discovery of renin 100 years ago Angiotensin-forming enzyme in brain tissue A micromethod for the measurement of renin in brain nuclei: its application in spontaneously hypertensive rats The cerebral ventricles as the avenue for the dipsogenic action of intracranial angiotensin Subfornical organ: a dipsogenic site of action of angiotensin II Angiotensin II in central nervous system physiology Specific angiotensin II receptive neurons in the cat subfornical organ Lowering of hypertension by central saralasin in the absence of plasma renin Antisense inhibition of AT1 receptor mRNA and angiotensinogen mRNA in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces hypertension of neurogenic origin Wide distribution of immunoreactive renin in nerve cells of human brain Renin-like immunocytochemical activity in the rat and mouse brain Angiotensin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of the spontaneously hypertensive rat Angiotensin synthesis in the brain and increased turnover in hypertensive rats Angiotensin II in rat brain comigrates with authentic angiotensin II in blood pressure liquid chromatography Presence of renin in primary neuronal and glial cells from rat brain Localization of angiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in the rat brain Identification of renin and angiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in rat brain Astrocytes synthesize angiotensinogen in brain Autoradiographic localization of angiotensin II receptors in rat brain Visualization of specific angiotensin II binding sites in the brain by fluorescent microscopy Functions of angiotensin in the central nervous system Preliminary biochemical characterization of two angiotensin II receptor subtypes Identification of angiotensin II receptor subtypes Germ-line transformation of mice Generation of transgenic mice with elevated blood pressure by introduction of the rat renin and angiotensinogen genes Studies on the regulation of renin genes using transgenic mice High blood pressure in transgenic mice carrying the rat angiotensinogen gene Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene The brain reninangiotensin system in transgenic mice carrying a highly regulated human renin transgene Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor Antisense inhibition of hypertension: a new strategy for renin-angiotensin candidate genes A decrease in angiotensin receptor binding in rat brain nuclei by antisense oligonucleotides to the angiotensin AT1 receptor Antisense oligonucleotide to AT1 receptor mRNA inhibits central angiotensin induced thirst and vasopressin The brain renin-angiotensin system contributes to the hypertension in mice containing both the human renin and human angiotensinogen transgenes Divergent functions of angiotensin II receptor isoforms in the brain Targeted viral delivery of the Cre recombinase induces conditional gene deletion in cardiovascular circuits of the mouse brain Localization of renin expressing cells in the brain using a REN-eGFP transgenic model Efficient liver-specific deletion of the floxed human angiotensinogen transgene by adenoviral delivery of the Cre recombinase in vivo Potentiation of cholinergic transmission in the rat hippocampus by angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin-7 A human homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme. It activates behavioral effects by selective activation of ANG II receptor subtypes in different locations.


id: cord-012837-fuwp08qt
author: Lu, Chen-chen
date: 2020-03-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4956
sentence: 203
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-012837-fuwp08qt.txt
txt: txt/cord-012837-fuwp08qt.txt
title:
  Gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced activation of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system is involved in kidney injuries in rat diabetic nephropathy

summary:
  Oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy with early chronic kidney disease Role of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in the progression of renal disease Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease Unraveling the environmental and genetic interactions in atherosclerosis: central role of the gut microbiota Microbiota and diabetes: an evolving relationship A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes Gut metagenome in European women with normal, impaired and diabetic glucose control Diversity of human colonic butyrateproducing bacteria revealed by analysis of the butyryl-CoA:acetate CoAtransferase gene Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery-induced weight loss: links with metabolic and low-grade inflammation markers Transfer of intestinal microbiota from lean donors increases insulin sensitivity in individuals with metabolic syndrome Gut microbiota in human adults with type 2 diabetes differs from nondiabetic adults Gut microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes differs from that in healthy children: a case-control study Toward defining the autoimmune microbiome for type 1 diabetes Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia The neuropharmacology of butyrate: The bread and butter of the microbiota-gutbrain axis? Regulation of inflammation by short chain fatty acids Short-chain fatty acids activate GPR41 and GPR43 on intestinal epithelial cells to promote inflammatory responses in mice Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-beta-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome Olfactory receptor responding to gut microbiota-derived signals plays a role in renin secretion and blood pressure regulation Immunocytochemical localization of Na+ channels in rat kidney medulla Plasma and renal renin concentrations in adult sheep after prenatal betamethasone exposure Progression of renal disease and renal hypertrophy Changes in gut microbiota in the three groups The results of 16S rDNA gene sequencing showed that there were significant differences in the bacterial composition and abundance of gut microbiota between the control and DM groups.


id: cord-280662-gakayv6e
author: Bian, Jingwei
title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator
date: 2020-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5289
sentence: 165
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-280662-gakayv6e.txt
txt: txt/cord-280662-gakayv6e.txt
summary:
  A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection AGTR2, one possible novel key gene for the entry of 2019-nCoV into human cells Expression of genes coding for selected amino acid transporters in small intestine, liver, and skeletal muscle of pigs fed excess branched-chain amino acids SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor A recombinant VSV-vectored MERS-CoV vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in rhesus monkeys after single dose immunization Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Regulated internalization of caveolae Lipid rafts are involved in SARS-CoV entry into Vero E6 cells TMPRSS2 contributes to virus spread and immunopathology in the airways of murine models after coronavirus infection Proteolytic ectodomain shedding of membrane proteins in mammals-hardware, concepts, and recent developments Protease-mediated ectodomain shedding A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations Angiotensin II induced proteolytic cleavage of myocardial ACE2 is mediated by TACE/ADAM-17: a positive feedback mechanism in the RAS Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in human heart failure: relation with myocardial function and clinical outcomes Renin-angiotensin system and J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f cardiovascular functions Fiend and friend in the renin angiotensin system: an insight on acute kidney injury Angiotensin II receptor subtypes and cardiac function AT2 receptors in cardiovascular and renal diseases Counter-regulatory renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular disease Drug discovery in renin-angiotensin system intervention: past and future Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase /MAS For example, ACE2 protein is abundantly expressed in the lung and heart which are the vulnerable organs for SARS-CoV-2 33 .


id: cord-335076-mmpox655
author: Izumi, Yasukatsu
title: Angiotensin II Peptides
date: 2013-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5339
sentence: 217
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-335076-mmpox655.txt
txt: txt/cord-335076-mmpox655.txt
summary:
  In the early 1970s, polypeptides either inhibiting the formation of Ang II or blocking Ang II receptors were discovered, but these were not orally active. Furthermore, losartan (Dup 753), an orally active, highly selective and potent nonpeptide Ang II receptor blocker (ARB), was developed in 1988, and the cloning of Ang II receptors, type 1 (AT 1 R) and type 2 (AT 2 R) was accomplished in the early 1990s.


id: cord-269289-6uog10j4
author: Mabillard, Holly
title: Electrolyte Disturbances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
date: 2020-07-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5686
sentence: 220
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-269289-6uog10j4.txt
txt: txt/cord-269289-6uog10j4.txt
summary:
  Common symptoms include fever (43% of patients), cough (50%) and dyspnoea (29%) but other features such as myalgia (36%), diarrhoea (19%), anosmia and hypogeusia (10%) are also common 1 . The most frequent serious manifestation of infection is pneumonia with 15% of patients developing serious manifestations such as hypoxia, dyspnoea, extensive pulmonary involvement and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) 2-5 .


id: cord-322966-o65fo853
author: Arnold, Ruth H.
date: 2020-05-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5418
sentence: 203
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt
txt: txt/cord-322966-o65fo853.txt
title:
  COVID-19 – Does This Disease Kill Due to Imbalance of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) Caused by Genetic and Gender Differences in the Response to Viral ACE 2 Attacks?

summary:
  RAS medications can be used with greater confidence in COVID-19 patients with valid indications for their use, but a broader role for manipulation of the RAS in COVID-19 will require randomised trial data. Three (3) large observational studies reported in the NEJM have now examined this issue and found no evidence for increased risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients taking ACEI or ARBs [10, 13, 14] adding weight to previously reported smaller retrospective clinical studies [28] [29]


id: cord-352854-che3iwu3
author: Hart, Kristen C
date: 1997-12-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5995
sentence: 227
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-352854-che3iwu3.txt
txt: txt/cord-352854-che3iwu3.txt
title:
  Derivatives of activated H-ras lacking C-terminal lipid modifications retain transforming ability if targeted to the correct subcellular location

summary:
  Post-translational modi®cations of ras proteins occur at the C-terminus, which includes a domain known as the`CAAX' box, where A is an aliphatic amino acid, and X represents any amino acid. The palmitoylation reactions are reversible, allowing for potentially dynamic localization of ras proteins (Magee et al., 1987) .


id: cord-313664-qq0h68vc
author: Fyhrquist, F.
title: Renin‐angiotensin system revisited
date: 2008-08-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5949
sentence: 260
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-313664-qq0h68vc.txt
txt: txt/cord-313664-qq0h68vc.txt
summary:
  Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism predicts blood pressure response to angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist treatment in hypertensive patients Angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism predicts response to losartan and angiotensin II Genetic variants of angiotensin II receptors and cardiovascular risk in hypertension Behavioural and cardiovascular effects of disrupting the angiotensin II type-2 receptor in mice Effects on blood pressure and exploratory behaviour of mice lacking angiotensin II type-2 receptor Anxiety-like behavior in mice lacking the angiotensin II type-2 receptor AGTR2 mutations in X-linked mental retardation A unique exonic splice enhancer mutation in a family with X-linked mental retardation F. Fyhrquist & O. Saijonmaa | Review: Renin-angiotensin system ª Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene Six truisms concerning ACE and the renin-angiotensin system deduced from the genetic analysis of mice Mice lacking endothelial ACE: normal blood pressure with elevated angiotensin II Blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists and the incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus: an emerging theme Novel therapies blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the management of hypertension and related disorders Novel drugs targeting hypertension: renin inhibitors and beyond Dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers in chronic kidney disease Telmisartan, ramipril or both in patients at high risk for vascular events Antidiabetic mechanisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists: Design of specific inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme: new class of orally active antihypertensive agents Angiotensin II receptors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: a new paradigm Angiotensin II infusion decreases plasma adiponectin level via its type 1 receptor in rats: an implication for hypertension-related insulin resistance Renal and vascular hypertension-induced inflammation: role of angiotensin II Direct regulation of insulin secretion by angiotensin II in human islets of Langerhans Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade improves beta-cell function and glucose tolerance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes Studies of the interaction between glucagon and alpha-adrenergic agonists in the control of hepatic glucose output Angiotensin II type


id: cord-006439-q7m4srvp
author: Nakagawa, Pablo
date: 2020-01-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6460
sentence: 215
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-006439-q7m4srvp.txt
txt: txt/cord-006439-q7m4srvp.txt
title:
  The Renin-Angiotensin System in the Central Nervous System and Its Role in Blood Pressure Regulation

summary:
  Then, novel translatable strategies to attenuate the upregulation of brain RAS activity in human resistant hypertension will be also discussed. These findings resulted in considerable advances in utilizing brain RAS blockade or RAS modulation as a therapeutic strategy to treat diseases beyond neurogenic hypertension.


id: cord-298490-p1msabl5
author: Obukhov, Alexander G.
date: 2020-07-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6509
sentence: 238
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-298490-p1msabl5.txt
txt: txt/cord-298490-p1msabl5.txt
title:
  SARS-CoV-2 Infections and ACE2: Clinical Outcomes Linked With Increased Morbidity and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes

summary:
  Increasing gut ACE2 by engineering probiotic species such as Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) to express this recombinant protein was a strategy used to prevent microvascular complications in diabetic mice. LP expressing the secretable ACE2 fused with the nontoxic subunit B of cholera toxin (which acts as a carrier to facilitate transmucosal transport), showed increased ACE2 activities in serum and tissues, and reduced diabetic complications (49) .


id: cord-318327-9sh2eksm
author: Garg, M.
date: 2012-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7228
sentence: 243
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-318327-9sh2eksm.txt
txt: txt/cord-318327-9sh2eksm.txt
title:
  Review article: the pathophysiological roles of the renin–angiotensin system in the gastrointestinal tract

summary:
  Cloning and functional expression as a captoprilinsensitive carboxypeptidase Differential tissue and enzyme inhibitory effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat in the rat Intestinal renin-angiotensin system is stimulated after deletion of Lkb1 Angiotensin II induced contraction of rat and human small intestinal wall musculature in vitro Angiotensin II-induced contractions in human jejunal wall musculature in vitro Angiotensin receptors and angiotensin I-converting enzyme in rat intestine Autoradiographic characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in rat intestine Characterisation of AT1 angiotensin receptors on cultured rat intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells Identification of a previously unrecognized production site of human renin Involvement of an enterocyte reninangiotensin system in the local control of SGLT1-dependent glucose uptake across the rat small intestinal brush border membrane Angiotensinogen gene is expressed and differentially regulated in multiple tissues of the rat Plasma and tissue levels of proangiotensin-12 and components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) following low-or high-salt feeding in rats Angiotensin II type 2 receptormediated duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion in the rat Interactions between angiotensin peptides and the sympathetic nervous system mediating intestinal sodium and water absorption in the rat Response of isolated rat jejunum to angiotensin peptides Response of rat jejunum to angiotensin III: pharmacology and mechanism of action Regulation of jejunal sodium and water absorption by angiotensin subtype receptors Regulation of intestinal fluid transport by angiotensin II: mechanisms and physiological significance Compartmentalization of extracellular cGMP determines absorptive or secretory responses in the rat jejunum Rat intestinal angiotensin-converting enzyme: purification, properties, expression, and function Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine A protein complex in the brushborder membrane explains a Hartnup disorder allele Immunohistochemical localization of angiotensin II receptor and local renin-angiotensin system in human colonic mucosa Stimulatory action of angiotensin II on water and electrolyte transport by the proximal colon of the rat The action of angiotensin on the human colon in vitro Increased colonic mucosal angiotensin I and II concentrations in Crohn's colitis A marker of microvascular complications Angiotensin II stimulates interleukin-6 release from cultured mouse mesangial cells Signal transduction mechanisms of the angiotensin II type AT-receptor: looking beyond the heterotrimeric G protein paradigm Potential roles of angiotensin receptor-activating autoantibody in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia Angiotensin II regulates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney Angiotensin receptor blockers and angiogenesis: clinical and experimental evidence Recent advances in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas axis Angiotensin III increases MCP-1 and activates NF-kappaB and AP-1 in cultured mesangial and mononuclear cells Angiotensin III stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal gland partially via angiotensin II type 2 receptor but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor Stimulation of different subtypes of angiotensin II receptors, AT1 and AT2 receptors, regulates STAT activation by negative crosstalk Direct angiotensin II type 2 receptor stimulation acts anti-inflammatory through epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB Angiotensin II stimulates thick ascending limb


id: cord-328846-q52fjx99
author: Okuno, Keisuke
date: 2020-09-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7220
sentence: 326
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-328846-q52fjx99.txt
txt: txt/cord-328846-q52fjx99.txt
title:
  Targeting Molecular Mechanism of Vascular Smooth Muscle Senescence Induced by Angiotensin II, A Potential Therapy via Senolytics and Senomorphics

summary:
  Cellular senescence was first defined in the 1960s, where normal human fibroblasts lost the ability to replicate in culture at certain passages, indicating that cell senescence may be related to aging in vivo [8] . [10] and induces cell senescence through p53/p21 and p16 INK4a /the retinoblastoma protein (Rb), two parallel tumor suppressor signaling pathways


id: cord-311099-59pnm4fn
author: Lubel, John S
title: Liver disease and the renin–angiotensin system: Recent discoveries and clinical implications
date: 2008-06-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7737
sentence: 285
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-311099-59pnm4fn.txt
txt: txt/cord-311099-59pnm4fn.txt
summary:
  A study in the isolated perfused rat liver Hemodynamic and antifibrotic effects of losartan in rats with liver fibrosis and/or portal hypertension Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists as therapy in chronic liver disease Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on portal pressure in cirrhosis Randomized comparison of long-term losartan versus propranolol in lowering portal pressure in cirrhosis Chronic administration of losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, is not effective in reducing portal pressure in patients with preascitic cirrhosis Hemodynamic effects of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension The levels of renin activity, angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II in cirrhotic patients with ascites undergoing portacaval shunt Effects of captopril on renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites Acute effects of captopril on systemic and renal hemodynamics and on renal function in cirrhotic patients with ascites Clinical usefulness of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy Effects of captopril on hepatic venous pressure and blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis Captopril reduces portal pressure effectively in portal hypertensive patients with low portal venous velocity Haemodynamic effects of enalaprilat on portal hypertension in patients with HBsAg-positive cirrhosis Effect of enalapril treatment and sclerotherapy of esophageal varices on hepatic hemodynamics in portal hypertension Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study A1166C angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene polymorphism may predict hemodynamic response to losartan in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension Significance of chymase-dependent angiotensin II formation in the progression of human liver fibrosis Hepatic chymase level in chronic hepatitis: colocalization of chymase with fibrosis Renin-angiotensin system inhibition: how much is too much of a good thing Endogenous angiotensin II levels and the mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonists aldosterone and renal haemodynamics in cirrhosis with ascites Hepatic hemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis Diagnostic significance of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in biochemical tests with special reference of chronic liver diseases Liver fibrosis: a balance of ACEs? The renin-angiotensin system in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis: evidence for a protective role of Angiotensin Metabolism of angiotensin-(1-7) by angiotensin-converting enzyme Converting enzyme determines plasma clearance of angiotensin-(1-7) Pathways for angiotensin-(1-7) metabolism in pulmonary and renal tissues Angiotensin 1-7 reduces bile duct proliferation and hepatic fibrosis in the bile duct ligated rat Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a negative regulator of chronic liver injury Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function Upregulation of the ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis in the bile duct ligation (BDL) model of hepatic fibrosis does not affect hepatic sinusoidal resistance Hepatic conversion of angiotensin I and the portal hypertensive response to angiotensin II in normal and regenerating liver Angiotensin-(1-7)-stimulated nitric oxide and superoxide release from endothelial cells Vascular endothelial dysfunction in cirrhosis Influence of caveolin on constitutively activated recombinant eNOS: insights into eNOS dysfunction in BDL rat liver Reactive hyperreninemia is a major determinant of plasma angiotensin II during ACE inhibition Gradual reactivation of vascular angiotensin I to angiotensin II conversion during chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus Determinants of increased angiotensin II levels in severe chronic heart failure patients despite ACE inhibition How often are angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations raised during chronic ACE inhibitor treatment in cardiac failure? Expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in human cirrhotic livers: Its relation to fibrosis and portal hypertension Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on renal angiotensin-(1-7) forming enzymes and receptors Divergent regulation of circulating and intrarenal renin-angiotensin systems in response to long-term blockade Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Angiotensin-(1-7) contributes to the antihypertensive effects of blockade of the renin-angiotensin system The role of Ang (1-7) in mediating the chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in normal rats Vasodepressor actions of angiotensin-(1-7) unmasked during combined treatment with lisinopril and losartan Evidence that prostaglandins mediate the antihypertensive actions of angiotensin-(1-7) during chronic blockade of the renin-angiotensin system Upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 after myocardial infarction by blockade of angiotensin II receptors Pharmacological effects of AVE 0991, a nonpeptide angiotensin-(1-7) receptor agonist Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and new insights into the renin-angiotensin system Dr John Lubel is a recipient of an Australia National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) scholarship, and Peter Angus and Louise Burrell hold an NHMRC project grant (509315). The regulatory role of AT 1 receptor on activated HSCs in hepatic fibrogenesis: effects of RAS inhibitors on hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl(4) Inhibition of renin-angiotensin system attenuates liver enzyme-altered preneoplastic lesions and fibrosis development in rats Effect of losartan, an angiotensin II antagonist, on secondary biliary cirrhosis Effect of losartan on early liver fibrosis development in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker inhibits fibrosis in rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Effects of six months losartan administration on liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients: a pilot study AT1 receptor antagonist Candesartan in selected cirrhotic patients: effect on portal pressure and liver fibrosis markers Effect of angiotensin receptor antagonist on liver fibrosis in early stages of chronic hepatitis C Combined effect of an ACE inhibitor, perindopril, and interferon on liver fibrosis markers in patients with chronic hepatitis C Beneficial effect of angiotensin-blocking agents on graft fibrosis in hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation Therapeutic efficacy of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Inhibitory effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonist on hepatic stellate cell activation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Development, structure and function of the liver Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis Angiotensin II induces contraction and proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells Upregulation of hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-(1-7) levels in experimental biliary fibrosis Vasoactive agents in intrahepatic portal hypertension and fibrogenesis: implications for therapy Differential response of normal and cirrhotic liver to vasoactive agents.


id: cord-324364-9p04oeac
author: Hasan, Syed Shahzad
date: 2020-09-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8005
sentence: 248
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt
txt: txt/cord-324364-9p04oeac.txt
title:
  Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

summary:
  We systematically reviewed the published studies to assess the association of RAS inhibitors with mortality as well as disease severity in COVID-19 patients. A systematic literature search was performed to retrieve relevant original studies investigating mortality and severity (severe/critical disease) in COVID-19 patients with and without exposure to RAS inhibitors.


id: cord-303555-mwu72q7w
author: Dent, Paul
title: Cell Signaling and Translational Developmental Therapeutics
date: 2020-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8900
sentence: 314
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-303555-mwu72q7w.txt
txt: txt/cord-303555-mwu72q7w.txt
summary:
  Lessons From the Old Testament of Glycogen Metabolism and the New Testament of Molecular Biology D-chiro-inositol glycans in insulin signaling and insulin resistance Insulin and a Putative Insulin Metabolic Mediator Fraction From Liver and Muscle Stimulate p33 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Accumulation by Apparently Different Mechanisms Insulin-Mediated Effect on the Activity of UDPG-Glycogen Transglucosylase of Muscle Molecular Basis for the Substrate Specificity of Protein Kinase B; Comparison With MAPKAP Kinase-1 and p70 S6 Kinase Mechanism of Activation of Protein Kinase B by Insulin and IGF-1 Characterization of a 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinase Which Phosphorylates and Activates Protein Kinase B alpha Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 by Insulin Mediated by Protein Kinase B Specific Binding of the Akt-1 Protein Kinase to Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Without Subsequent Activation Mechanism of Activation and Function of Protein Kinase B The Molecular Mechanism by Which Insulin Stimulates Glycogen Synthesis in Mammalian Skeletal Muscle Facts and New Hopes on Selective FGFR Inhibitors in Solid Tumors Membrane Phosphorylation: Activator From Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Molecular Structure of a Protein-Tyrosine/Threonine Kinase Activating p42 Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase: MAP Kinase Kinase Identification and Characterization of a New Mammalian Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase, MKK2 A Conserved Kinase Cascade for MAP Kinase Activation in Yeast The MAP Kinase Cascade Is Essential for Diverse Signal Transduction Pathways The Pheromone Response Pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Regulation of the MAP Kinase Cascade Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase by v-Raf in NIH 3T3 Cells and In Vitro Raf-1 Activates MAP Kinase-Kinase Raf-1 Is a Potential Substrate for Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase In Vivo Stimulation of the Stress-Activated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Subfamilies in Perfused Heart.


id: cord-277766-rxmpi61o
author: Guang, Cuie
date: 2012-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9525
sentence: 382
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-277766-rxmpi61o.txt
txt: txt/cord-277766-rxmpi61o.txt
title:
  Three key proteases – angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2 and renin – within and beyond the renin-angiotensin system

summary:
  Here, we review three critical proteases (ACE, ACE2 and renin) within and beyond the RAS and thus intend to find new connections between natural plant and/or food resources and the RAS. Occurrence, gene encoding and structure of ACE ACE (EC 3.4.15.1) is a monomeric glycoprotein that is distributed in many tissues and biological fluids. ACE2 activity is also regulated by chloride ions; it has been proposed that chloride binding induces subtle changes in the conformation of the active site, which either facilitate or hinder substrate binding [6] .


id: cord-326498-8oa5gkrp
author: Gemmati, Donato
date: 2020-05-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9893
sentence: 323
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt
txt: txt/cord-326498-8oa5gkrp.txt
title:
  COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-Chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?

summary:
  Firstly, ADAM17 by promoting the detaching of ACE2 cell receptor might contribute by downregulating the ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis, and in a sex-oriented perspective, SRY (Y-chromosome) and SOX3 (Xchromosome) both by upregulating AGT, and downregulating ACE2, AT2, and MAS. Firstly, ADAM17 by promoting the detaching of ACE2 cell receptor might contribute by downregulating the ACE2/Ang1-7/ Mas axis, and in a sex-oriented perspective, SRY (Y-chromosome) and SOX3 (X-chromosome) both by upregulating AGT, and downregulating ACE2, AT2, and MAS.


id: cord-344012-npob20n0
author: Gheblawi, Mahmoud
date: 2020-05-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10498
sentence: 351
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt
txt: txt/cord-344012-npob20n0.txt
title:
  Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2

summary:
  Ang II can regulate ACE2 expression through the AT 1 R. Healthy hearts and kidneys are characterized by high levels of ACE2 mRNA and protein expression, with moderate expression of ACE. Pharmacological RAS blockade agents, ARBs, in particular, are capable of modulating both systemic and tissue RAS, and simultaneously increasing ACE2 expression and activity in experimental models.


id: cord-317878-bqpj0ey0
author: Czick, Maureen
date: 2020-09-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12687
sentence: 591
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt
txt: txt/cord-317878-bqpj0ey0.txt
title:
  COVID’s Razor: RAS Imbalance, the Common Denominator Across Disparate, Unexpected Aspects of COVID-19

summary:
  7 Journalists warned as COVID-19 patients developed renal failure requiring dialysis, 8 and obesity was linked to higher mortality. Many hospitalized COVID-19 patients reportedly display silent hypoxia: severe arterial hypoxemia without evident dyspnea, air hunger, or breathlessness.


id: cord-007707-c38fu1jv
author: Lu, Chen-Chen
title: Role of Podocyte Injury in Glomerulosclerosis
date: 2019-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14178
sentence: 470
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-007707-c38fu1jv.txt
txt: txt/cord-007707-c38fu1jv.txt
summary:
  Nestin protects mouse podocytes against high glucose-induced apoptosis by a Cdk5-dependent mechanism Roles of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger type 1 and intracellular pH in angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species generation and podocyte apoptosis Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy: fact or fiction? Rac1/PAK1 signaling promotes epithelialmesenchymal transition of podocytes in vitro via triggering beta-catenin transcriptional activity under high glucose conditions The unfolding tale of the unfolded protein response Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on glomerular basement membrane permeability and distribution of zonula occludens-1 in MWF rats Expression of toll-like receptor 9 in renal podocytes in childhood-onset active and inactive lupus nephritis Podocyte antigens, dendritic cells and T cells contribute to renal injury in newly developed mouse models of glomerulonephritis Stress signal network between hypoxia and ER stress in chronic kidney disease Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits angiotensin II-induced podocyte autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/PI3 K pathway Renin-angiotensin system within the diabetic podocyte Renal lipotoxicity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance affects actin cytoskeleton organization in podocytes Chylomicron remnants are increased in the postprandial state in CD36 deficiency Metabolism, energetics, and lipid biology in the podocyte-cellular cholesterol-mediated glomerular injury Cyclodextrin protects podocytes in diabetic kidney disease Glomerular-specific protein kinase C-beta-induced insulin receptor substrate-1 dysfunction and insulin resistance in rat models of diabetes and obesity Structure and function of podocytes: an update Podocyte injury underlies the glomerulopathy of Dahl salt-hypertensive rats and is reversed by aldosterone blocker Salt-induced nephropathy in obese spontaneously hypertensive rats via paradoxical activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor: role of oxidative stress Podocyte injury and its consequences Progressive podocyte injury and globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) accumulation in young patients with Fabry disease Glomerular filtration into the subpodocyte space is highly restricted under physiological perfusion conditions Angiotensin II contributes to podocyte injury by increasing TRPC6 expression via an NFAT-mediated positive feedback signaling pathway Regulation of glucose transporter (GLUT1) gene expression by angiotensin II in mesangial cells: involvement of HB-EGF and EGF receptor transactivation Another piece of the puzzle of podocyte B7-1 expression: lupus nephritis Any value of podocyte B7-1 as a biomarker in human MCD and FSGS? Fetuin-A aggravates lipotoxicity in podocytes via interleukin-1 signaling Presecretory oxidation, aggregation, and autophagic destruction of apoprotein-B: a pathway for late-stage quality control Roles of the podocyte in glomerular function Cell biology of the glomerular podocyte Anti-NEP and anti-PLA2R antibodies in membranous nephropathy: an update Membrane aberrancy and unfolded proteins activate the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor Ire1 in different ways Human podocyte depletion in association with older age and hypertension Attenuation of diabetic nephropathy in diabetes rats induced by streptozotocin by regulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress inflammatory response Mixed organic solvents induce renal injury in rats Expression of agrin, dystroglycan, and utrophin in normal renal tissue and in experimental glomerulopathies Selective release of human adipocyte fatty acids according to molecular structure Cellular responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis An HIV-1 transgenic rat that develops HIV-related pathology and immunologic dysfunction Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and podocyte loss in diabetic kidney disease The glomerular slit diaphragm is a modified adherens junction Induction of B7-1 in podocytes is associated with nephrotic syndrome TRPC6 is a glomerular slit diaphragm-associated channel required for normal renal function A cell-type specific ganglioside of glomerular podocytes in rat kidney: an O-acetylated GD3 Angiotensin II induces nephrin dephosphorylation and podocyte injury: role of caveolin-1 Parathyroid hormone-related protein induces hypertrophy in podocytes via TGF-beta(1) and p27(Kip1): implications for diabetic nephropathy Molecular pathomechanisms of membranous nephropathy: from Heymann nephritis to alloimmunization Target antigens and nephritogenic antibodies in membranous nephropathy: of rats and men Mechanisms and treatment of CKD Nephrin is specifically located at the slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes Angiotensin II as a morphogenic cytokine stimulating renal fibrogenesis Angiotensin II upregulates RAGE expression on podocytes: role of AT2 receptors Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis as a complication of hepatitis B virus infection Aliskiren inhibits intracellular angiotensin II levels without affecting (pro)renin receptor signals in human podocytes Podocytes as a target of prorenin in diabetes Globotriaosylsphingosine actions on human glomerular podocytes: implications for Fabry nephropathy Lipid-protein interactions along the slit diaphragm of podocytes Localization of the GLUT8 glucose transporter in murine kidney and regulation in vivo in nondiabetic and diabetic conditions The microinflammatory state of uremia Podocin, a raft-associated component of the glomerular slit diaphragm, interacts with CD2AP and nephrin Gene expression profiling in a model of D-penicillamine-induced autoimmunity in the Brown Norway rat: predictive value of early signs of danger The podocyte's response to injury: role in proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis Podocyte as the target for aldosterone: roles of oxidative stress and Sgk1 Minimal change disease: a two-hit podocyte immune disorder? Toll-like receptor 3 ligands induce CD80 expression in human podocytes via an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway Free Fatty acids and their metabolism affect function and survival of podocytes Regulation of podocyte survival and endoplasmic reticulum stress by fatty acids Involvement of lipid rafts in nephrin phosphorylation and organization of the glomerular slit diaphragm Curcumin decreases renal triglyceride accumulation through AMPK-SREBP signaling pathway in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats Glucose specifically regulates TRPC6 expression in the podocyte in an AngII-dependent manner Glomerular endothelial fenestrae in vivo are not formed from caveolae Glucose-induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy Poly(ADP-ribose) The chloride intracellular channel 5A stimulates podocyte Rac1, protecting against hypertension-induced glomerular injury Epidemiology of hypertensive kidney disease Characterization of reninangiotensin system enzyme activities in cultured mouse podocytes Systemic and renal lipids in kidney disease development and progression Podocyte loss in human hypertensive nephrosclerosis oxLDL-induced lipid accumulation in glomerular podocytes: role of IFN-gamma, CXCL16, and ADAM10 Insulin signaling to the glomerular podocyte is critical for normal kidney function A mutation in the TRPC6 cation channel causes familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Kip1) Knockout mice are protected from diabetic nephropathy: evidence for p27(Kip1) haplotype insufficiency PTEN inhibits high glucose-induced phenotypic transition in podocytes Angiotensin II receptor blocker inhibits p27Kip1 expression in glucose-stimulated podocytes and in diabetic glomeruli Inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid-mediated renal injury in ApoE/CD36/SRA triple knockout mice ANG II promotes autophagy in podocytes Epithelialmesenchymal transition as a potential explanation for podocyte depletion in diabetic nephropathy Decreased glomerular expression of agrin in diabetic nephropathy and podocytes, cultured in high glucose medium Induction of apoptosis during development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis Activation of the renin-angiotensin system within podocytes in diabetes Podocytespecific chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 overexpression mediates diabetic renal injury in mice Podocyte-specific overexpression of GLUT1 surprisingly reduces mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy in mice Dysregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor contributes to podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy Inflammatory stress exacerbates lipid accumulation and podocyte injuries in diabetic nephropathy Dysregulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway is involved in lipid disorder-mediated organ injury HIV-1 genes vpr and nef synergistically damage podocytes, leading to glomerulosclerosis Acknowledgements


id: cord-349445-yh6ndtgm
author: Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar
title: Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost
date: 2020-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11864
sentence: 406
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt
txt: txt/cord-349445-yh6ndtgm.txt
summary:
  As well, NEP could not affect lung Ang (1-7) metabolism because it was involved in the metabolism of Ang (1-7) within tissues other than pulmonary tissues, as renal cortex. Subsequently, RAS exhibits two main axes based on two distinct enzymes responsible for cleavage of Ang I into angiotensin (Ang) II or Ang 1-7 [51] , First axis involves generation of Ang II as the main effector via the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and named the classical vasopressor axis ACE/ Ang II/ Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1)


# ent

id: cord-277766-rxmpi61o
sid: 9
eid: 1
type: PERSON
entity:
  l'activation de l'ac2 et l'inhibition de l'ace de la rénine ont été considérées comme au centre de la régulation du système rénine-angiotensine


