item: #1 of 57 id: cord-000088-1xgjdhkx author: Faria, Nuno R title: Rooting human parechovirus evolution in time date: 2009-07-15 words: 4012 flesch: 46 summary: While the latter appears to be clearly established for e.g. SARS-CoV or influenza H5N1, a zoonotic link remains to be elucidated for HPeV. Because Ljungan virus shares a close phylogenetic proximity with HPeV virus, it is likely that both species have had a common ancestor [52] . Comparison of classic and molecular approaches for the identification of untypeable enteroviruses Enteroviruses in human disease Human parechovirus types 1, 2 and 3 infections in Canada Human parechovirus 3 and neonatal infections Human parechovirus infections in Dutch children and the association between serotype and disease severity Properties of ECHO types 22, 23 and 24 viruses Human parechoviruses as an important viral cause of sepsislike illness and meningitis in young children Analysis of a new human parechovirus allows the definition of parechovirus types and the identification of RNA structural domains Fourth human parechovirus serotype Isolation and characterization of novel human parechovirus from clinical samples Human parechovirus type 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 detection in picornavirus cultures Prevalence, types, and RNA concentrations of human parechoviruses, including a sixth parechovirus type, in stool samples from patients with acute enteritis Genomic characterization of novel human parechovirus type Novel human parechovirus from Brazil High prevalence of human Parechovirus (HPeV) genotypes in the Amsterdam region and identification of specific HPeV variants by direct genotyping of stool samples Longitudinal observation of parechovirus in stool samples from Norwegian infants The population genetics and evolutionary epidemiology of RNA viruses Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens A method for detecting positive selection at single amino acid sites Mutation rates among RNA viruses Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants The phylogeography of human viruses Evolutionary history and phylogeography of human viruses Inference of viral evolutionary rates from molecular sequences BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice Molecular evolution Assessment of methods for amino acid matrix selection and their use on empirical data shows that ad hoc assumptions for choice of matrix are not justified Graphical exploratory data analysis of RNA secondary structure dynamics predicted by the massively parallel genetic algorithm Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence Bayesian selection of continuous-time Markov chain evolutionary models Bayes empirical bayes inference of amino acid sites under positive selection Calibration of multiple poliovirus molecular clocks covering an extended evolutionary range Codon substitution in evolution and the saturation of synonymous changes Time dependency of molecular rate estimates and systematic overestimation of recent divergence times Molecular clocks and the puzzle of RNA virus origins A phylogenetic method for detecting positive epistasis in gene sequences and its application to RNA virus evolution Basic concepts in RNA virus evolution Bayesian coalescent inference of hepatitis A virus populations: evolutionary rates and patterns Evolution of circulating wild poliovirus and of vaccine-derived poliovirus in an immunodeficient patient: a unifying model Molecular epidemiology and evolution of enterovirus 71 strains isolated from 1970 to 1998 Genetic diversity in the VP1 gene of foot-andmouth disease virus serotype Asia 1 Sensitivity of the relative-rate test to taxonomic sampling Molecular analysis of three Ljungan virus isolates reveals a new, close-to-root lineage of the Picornaviridae with a cluster of two unrelated 2A proteins Molecular evolution of Puumala hantavirus Outbreak of Puumala virus infection Puumala hantavirus infection in humans and in the reservoir host, Ardennes region Hantavirus outbreak Widespread recombination within human parechoviruses: analysis of temporal dynamics and constraints We are grateful to Philippe Lemey for helpful comments on the paper and for computational assistance. keywords: analysis; hpev; human; parechovirus; rates; rna; sequences; types; virus; vp1 cache: cord-000088-1xgjdhkx.txt plain text: cord-000088-1xgjdhkx.txt item: #2 of 57 id: cord-004157-osol7wdp author: Ma, Junling title: Estimating epidemic exponential growth rate and basic reproduction number date: 2020-01-08 words: 5475 flesch: 55 summary: key: cord-004157-osol7wdp authors: Ma, Junling title: Estimating epidemic exponential growth rate and basic reproduction number date: 2020-01-08 journal: Infect Dis Model DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2019.12.009 sha: doc_id: 4157 cord_uid: osol7wdp The initial exponential growth rate of an epidemic is an important measure of the severeness of the epidemic, and is also closely related to the basic reproduction number. The results is summarized in below: logistic model Richards model coverage probability 43% 65% That is, even though the logistic model gives a narrow confidence interval, its coverage probability is low. keywords: epidemic; exponential; growth; model; number; rate; time cache: cord-004157-osol7wdp.txt plain text: cord-004157-osol7wdp.txt item: #3 of 57 id: cord-006854-o2e5na78 author: None title: Scientific Session of the 16th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Jointly Hosted by Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) & Canadian Association of General Surgeons (CAGS), Seattle, Washington, USA, 11–14 April 2018: Poster Abstracts date: 2018-04-20 words: 166333 flesch: 44 summary: Here we were able to demonstrate that the procedure can be safely used in laparoscopic surgery patients. On bivariate analysis, robotic-assist patients had a higher rate of readmission than laparoscopic patients (7.5% vs. 6.4%; P=.03), but no differences in 30-day reoperation ( Conclusion: Robotic-assistance does not confer an increased rate of morbidity and mortality after RYGB, and represents a feasible surgical modality for the surgeon willing to adopt the technology and accept its limitations. keywords: acute; age; aim; analysis; anastomosis; approach; assessment; assisted; average; background; bile; biliary; bleeding; blood; bmi; bowel; bypass; cancer; cancer patients; cancer surgery; care; cases; center; cholecystectomy; clinical; colon; colorectal; complications; conclusion; control; conversion; data; days; diagnosis; difference; disease; dissection; endoscopic; esophageal; evaluation; experience; factors; female; follow; following; gallbladder; gastrectomy; gastric; general; gerd; group; hernia; hernia repair; hiatal; history; hospital; icg; imaging; incidence; incision; index; injury; institution; introduction; laparoscopic; leak; left; length; level; literature; liver; loss; lsg; lymph; management; mass; mean; median; medical; mesh; methods; minutes; months; morbidity; mortality; non; number; obesity; objective; obstruction; operation; operative; outcomes; pain; pancreatic; patients; performance; period; placement; postoperative; preoperative; present; primary; prior; procedure; quality; range; rate; recurrence; repair; report; resection; residents; results; retrospective; review; right; risk; robotic; rygb; safety; score; series; site; skills; sleeve; stage; standard; stay; stomach; studies; study; surgeons; surgery; surgery patients; surgical; symptoms; system; technique; term; test; time; tissue; total; training; treatment; tumor; type; university; use; wall; weight; years cache: cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt plain text: cord-006854-o2e5na78.txt item: #4 of 57 id: cord-007303-wuuhlowd author: Valkonen, Tarmo title: The Finnish Pension System and Its Future Challenges date: 2020-04-01 words: 4066 flesch: 51 summary: First, the liability to pay pension contributions, previously solely on employers, was partially shifted to employees. The guarantee pension, which defi nes the minimum amount of pension income, was introduced in 2011. keywords: age; benefi; income; pension; rate; retirement; system cache: cord-007303-wuuhlowd.txt plain text: cord-007303-wuuhlowd.txt item: #5 of 57 id: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9 author: None title: 48th Annual Meeting of the Austrian Society of Surgery, Graz, June 7–9, 2007 date: 2007 words: 86712 flesch: 48 summary: In an unselected cohort of surgical patients those presenting with infection prior to surgery and those undergoing abdominal surgery are at highest risk of death from infection. After resection patients should have long term follow up. keywords: acute; age; aim; analysis; aortic; approach; artery; average; background; blood; breast; bypass; cancer; cancer patients; carcinoma; cardiac; cases; cell; chemotherapy; children; colon; colorectal; complications; conclusions; control; data; days; department; der; diagnosis; die; disease; endoscopic; esophageal; experience; expression; female; findings; follow; following; function; gastric; grade; graft; group; heart; hernia; high; hospital; iii; incidence; increase; infection; injuries; laparoscopic; left; lesions; levels; liver; male; management; mean; median; medical; methods; min; months; morbidity; mortality; n ¼; nerve; non; number; operation; outcome; p ¼; pain; patients; period; postoperative; preoperative; present; procedure; quality; range; rate; repair; resection; results; right; risk; skin; stage; standard; stay; study; surgery; surgical; survival; symptoms; system; technique; term; therapy; time; tissue; total; trauma; treatment; tumor; type; valve; vs.; weight; years cache: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt plain text: cord-015368-a0qz4tb9.txt item: #6 of 57 id: cord-022583-9lmudxrh author: None title: Antimikrobielle und antiinfektiöse Maßnahmen date: 2016-07-29 words: 47230 flesch: 32 summary: In einer multizentrischen, prospektiven, randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie war dagegen zwischen 0,5 % CHX-Tinktur vs. 10 % wässriger PVP-Iod Lösung kein signifikanter Unterschied in der Kolonisation der Katheterspitze und bezüglich der CAPSI-Rate nachweisbar (Humar et al. 2000) . Ziel der PAP ist die Vermeidung von SSI, idealerweise ohne wesentliche Beeinträchtigung der Normalflora oder Induktion eines Selektionsdrucks mit der Gefahr der Ausbildung von Antibiotikaresistenzen (Peters 1987) . keywords: aber; abhängig; abs; activity; alcohol; allem; als; analysis; anderen; anforderungen; antibiotic; antibiotikaprophylaxe; antiseptik; anwendung; anwendung von; auch; auch bei; auf; auf den; auf eine; aufbereitung; aufgrund; auftreten; aureus; aus; aus der; ausreichend; auswahl; b. bei; bakterien; bedeutung; behandlung; bei; bei der; bei einer; bei patienten; beim; bereich; bereits; besonders; besteht; biopsy; bis; bloodstream; bzw; care; catheter; central; chlorhexidine; chx; ciprofloxacin; cleaning; coli; committee; comparison; control; da die; dabei; daher; dann; das; dass; dass bei; dass die; dass eine; daten; decontamination; dem; denen; der; der haut; der pap; des; desinfektion; desinfektionsmittel; deutlich; deutschland; die; die pap; diese; disinfectants; dose; durch; durch den; durch die; durchgeführt; effect; efficacy; eigenschaften; eine; eingesetzt; eingriffen; einsatz; einschließlich; empfehlungen; empfohlen; erfolgt; erreger; erreicht; erst; et al; etwa; factors; faulde; fch; formaldehyd; für; für das; für den; für die; für eine; gabe; gegen; gegenüber; ggf; gibt; gilt; grundsätzlich; gruppe; guidelines; gut; haben; hand; hat; haut; health; healthcare; hier; hohe; hospital; human; hygiene; händedesinfektion; häufig; ihre; impact; impfung; indikation; infection; infektionen; infektionsprävention; innerhalb; insbesondere; intensive; iod; ist; ist bei; ist das; ist der; ist die; ist eine; ist es; ist mit; ist nur; ist und; ist zu; jedoch; kann; keinen; kombination; kontakt; kontaminierten; kramer et; krankenhaus; krankenhaushygiene; krankenhäusern; krinko; können; liste; lösung; maßnahmen; mehr; meist; meisten; meta; methicillin; mikroorganismen; min; mindestens; mit; mit der; mit einer; mrsa; muss; möglich; müssen; nach; nach der; nachgewiesen; nachweis; neben; nicht; nicht nur; noch; nur; nur bei; nutzen; oct; oder; oder mit; oft; ohne; pap; pap bei; pap ist; patienten; patienten mit; patients; perioperative; personal; postoperative; praxis; prevention; prophylactic; prophylaxis; prostate; prüfung; prüfung der; pvp; rahmen; rate; reduktion; reduziert; reinigung; resistance; resistenzentwicklung; review; risiko; risikofaktoren; risk; rki; role; sdd; sehr; sein; sich; sich bei; sie; signifikant; sind; site; skin; sofern; sollen; sollte; sondern; sowie; sowohl; ssi; staphylococcus; sterilisation; sterilisatoren; stiko; studien; study; substanzen; surgery; surgical; tab; teil; test; therapie; tract; transmission; trial; und; und bei; und der; und die; und nicht; und von; unit; unter; untersuchungen; use; verfahren; vergleich; verwendet; verwendung; viren; virus; vitro; vom; von; von der; vor; war; wegen der; wenn; werden; werden die; werden kann; werden können; werden und; werden von; wird; wird bei; wirksamkeit; wirksamkeit von; wirkung; wound; wunden; wundinfektionen; wurde; während; z. b.; zu den; zu einer; zum; zur; zwischen; über; über die; übertragung cache: cord-022583-9lmudxrh.txt plain text: cord-022583-9lmudxrh.txt item: #7 of 57 id: cord-022633-fr55uod6 author: None title: SAEM Abstracts, Plenary Session date: 2012-04-26 words: 147610 flesch: 49 summary: Objectives: To identify the prevalence of NCS and other EEG abnormalities in ED patients with AMS. Objectives: Test the hypothesis that prior to antibiotic administration, circulating LPS can be detected in the plasma of fewer than 10% of ED patients with severe sepsis. keywords: academic; acute; admission; adult ed; adult patients; age; analysis; arrest; arrest patients; assessment; association; average; background; blood; cardiac; care; cases; center; change; characteristics; chest; children; clinical; cohort; conclusion; confidence; control; cpr; criteria; data; days; department; diagnosis; difference; discharge; disease; ed care; ed patients; ed physicians; ed visits; eds; effect; emergency; emergency department; ems; evaluation; factors; following; group; health; high; hospital; hospital ed; hours; implementation; increase; information; initial; injury; inpatient; intervention; intubation; length; level; los; low; management; mean; median; medical; medicine; methods; minutes; model; months; mortality; n =; non; number; objectives; outcomes; overall; p =; pain; pain patients; participants; pediatric; performance; period; population; post; pre; prehospital; primary; prior; program; protocol; providers; quality; range; rate; regression; research; residency; residents; respectively; results; retrospective; review; risk; sample; score; screening; self; sepsis; setting; shock; standard; students; studies; study; study ed; subjects; survey; survival; system; table; test; testing; time; total; training; trauma patients; treatment; triage; urban; use; years cache: cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt plain text: cord-022633-fr55uod6.txt item: #8 of 57 id: cord-024397-28qhdq16 author: SIRÉN, ANDERS title: Including Spatial Heterogeneity and Animal Dispersal When Evaluating Hunting: a Model Analysis and an Empirical Assessment in an Amazonian Community date: 2004-09-28 words: 6504 flesch: 44 summary: The first indicator, a decreasing harvest rate with an increasing hunting effort, may do so because animal dispersal moves the peak of harvest rates toward higher hunting efforts, changing the correlation between local hunting effort and harvest rate from negative to positive. In these cases, there was always an almost linear relation between local hunting effort and local harvest rate, and therefore almost no relation between hunting effort and CPUE. keywords: animal; area; cpue; data; dispersal; effort; fig; harvest; hunters; hunting; hunting effort; rate; species cache: cord-024397-28qhdq16.txt plain text: cord-024397-28qhdq16.txt item: #9 of 57 id: cord-031936-46mossbr author: Andrle, Michal title: Italy: toward a growth-friendly fiscal reform date: 2020-09-16 words: 11646 flesch: 51 summary: About high tax rates, it should be noted that the labor tax wedge is high-e.g., for a single person earning an average income it is 47.9%, well above the OECD average of 35.9%. However, tax rates remain high and are applied on a relatively narrow base. keywords: average; capital; debt; euro; gdp; growth; income; italy; labor; pension; policy; public; rate; spending; system; tax; term; years cache: cord-031936-46mossbr.txt plain text: cord-031936-46mossbr.txt item: #10 of 57 id: cord-034436-yhb8m1si author: Abdulah, Deldar Morad title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 across the World date: 2020-07-04 words: 3995 flesch: 45 summary: The study showed that the countries with higher infection rates between 1500 and above had a higher intake of fruits (P=0.002), fruit juices (P<0.001), calcium (P<0.001), potassium (P<0.001), and total milk (P<0.001). Therefore, we can make the further hypothesis that the aged population of the countries with high infection rates has been the main factor in the low immune system. keywords: countries; covid-19; fruits; immune; infection; intake; mortality; rate cache: cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt plain text: cord-034436-yhb8m1si.txt item: #11 of 57 id: cord-048487-kamvao4b author: O'Brien, John D title: Dating the time of viral subtype divergence date: 2008-06-09 words: 4271 flesch: 48 summary: We apply this estimator to the case of influenza subtype divergence, considering three genes. When historical data are absent (that is, the overwhelming majority), viral sequence sampling on a time scale commensurate with the rate of substitution permits the inference of the times of subtype divergence. keywords: divergence; estimates; h3n2; influenza; rate; substitution; subtype; time cache: cord-048487-kamvao4b.txt plain text: cord-048487-kamvao4b.txt item: #12 of 57 id: cord-103576-g5de4fwj author: Kriegel, M. title: Predicted Infection Risk via Aerosols date: 2020-10-12 words: 4014 flesch: 56 summary: During breathing through the nose about 117 25 particles/s was emitted and during coughing about 13,700 particles/cough, whereas it can 118 be seen that depending on the activity a wide range of particle emission rates can be found. The virus can be transported on particles in air and the emission of aerosols can be used as an 113 indicator for the emission of virus, but a correlation between q and the aerosol emission rate 114 (E) has not been investigated so far. keywords: aerosols; air; equation; infection; preprint; rate; risk cache: cord-103576-g5de4fwj.txt plain text: cord-103576-g5de4fwj.txt item: #13 of 57 id: cord-125295-p7q9t1se author: Burghardt, Keith title: Unequal Impact and Spatial Aggregation Distort COVID-19 Growth Rates date: 2020-04-27 words: 2699 flesch: 55 summary: Infections growth rate for the world as a whole is comparable to most countries (Fig. 5 ). Hot spots, however, appear to grow faster than neighboring subregions and dominate spatially aggregated statistics, thereby amplifying growth rates. keywords: counties; data; growth; rate cache: cord-125295-p7q9t1se.txt plain text: cord-125295-p7q9t1se.txt item: #14 of 57 id: cord-133468-fkwtgq69 author: Hariharan, Ramya title: When to Relax Social Distancing Measures? An ARIMA Based Forecasting Study date: 2020-10-15 words: 2446 flesch: 53 summary: Positive rate is an indicator on the level of testing with respect to the extent of outbreak. The data on positive rate has been collected from open source database of Our World in Data [14] . keywords: arima; countries; data; models; rate; series cache: cord-133468-fkwtgq69.txt plain text: cord-133468-fkwtgq69.txt item: #15 of 57 id: cord-147202-clje3b2r author: Ghanam, Ryad title: SEIRD Model for Qatar Covid-19 Outbreak: A Case Study date: 2020-05-26 words: 3868 flesch: 63 summary: Furthermore, model interventions were placed at days t = , t = , t = , t = and t = with an Dirac delta impulse at time τ = . This work has demonstrated how to build a SEIRD model for the Covid-outbreak in the State of Qatar, include interventions, estimate model parameters and generate posterior predictive intervals using a Bayesian framework. keywords: data; day; model; rate; time cache: cord-147202-clje3b2r.txt plain text: cord-147202-clje3b2r.txt item: #16 of 57 id: cord-151183-o06mwd4d author: Tam, Ka-Ming title: Projected Development of COVID-19 in Louisiana date: 2020-04-06 words: 2218 flesch: 59 summary: The number of infected cases ceases to grow exponentially, but rather becomes a stable but constant increases until peaking at around day 50, corresponding to early May. This is particular significant in the early stages of the spread of the disease when the percentage of people tested is very small, and the spread by infected people who are asymptomatic is very significant. keywords: infection; number; rate; time cache: cord-151183-o06mwd4d.txt plain text: cord-151183-o06mwd4d.txt item: #17 of 57 id: cord-156320-xwuz4ma2 author: Hernandez-Ortega, Javier title: Heart Rate Estimation from Face Videos for Student Assessment: Experiments on edBB date: 2020-06-01 words: 4064 flesch: 50 summary: In the experimental framework of this study, we focus on the RGB and near-infrared video sequences for performing heart rate estimation applying remote photoplethysmography techniques. An experimental evaluation of heart rate estimation in the edBB framework, and the development of a baseline algorithm for heart rate estimation based on remote photoplethysmography. keywords: estimation; heart; heart rate; rate; rate estimation; student; video; window cache: cord-156320-xwuz4ma2.txt plain text: cord-156320-xwuz4ma2.txt item: #18 of 57 id: cord-167157-z0lvcb3z author: Wang, Xiubin Bruce title: Controlling the Hidden Growth of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-19 words: 4855 flesch: 58 summary: It clarifies the relationship between the infection rate and the test rate to put the epidemic under control, which says that the test rate shall keep up at the same pace as infection rate to prevent an outbreak. As a special case, at low infection rates such as during shelter-in-place, the required detection rate of the infected is roughly equal to the infection rate in order to control the total infected population from growth. keywords: cases; day; infected; infection; rate cache: cord-167157-z0lvcb3z.txt plain text: cord-167157-z0lvcb3z.txt item: #19 of 57 id: cord-190254-c3ne3n1l author: Zhang, Haoqian title: Economic Principles of PoPCoin, a Democratic Time-based Cryptocurrency date: 2020-11-03 words: 13180 flesch: 51 summary: The long-term stability of PoPCoin supply is a significant distinction from the fiat currencies' supply, which grows exponentially over time. Because basic income represents a fixed fraction of total PoPCoin supply divided by participant population in that minting, earlier participants in a growing community receive a larger fraction of total supply in earlier mintings. keywords: currency; demurrage; economic; exchange; income; inequality; interest; money; participants; popcoin; population; rate; supply; time; value cache: cord-190254-c3ne3n1l.txt plain text: cord-190254-c3ne3n1l.txt item: #20 of 57 id: cord-195263-i4wyhque author: Heider, Philipp title: COVID-19 mitigation strategies and overview on results from relevant studies in Europe date: 2020-05-11 words: 4355 flesch: 49 summary: Past studies have shown that countermeasures are able to reduce reproduction numbers or transmission rates in epidemics. Past studies have shown that countermeasures are able to reduce reproduction numbers or transmission rates in epidemics. keywords: epidemic; growth; measures; model; number; rate; reproduction; spread cache: cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt plain text: cord-195263-i4wyhque.txt item: #21 of 57 id: cord-254737-pv68fb7d author: Imtyaz, Ayman title: Analysing governmental response to the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-08-14 words: 3416 flesch: 59 summary: Unlike other countries in the top cases list, Sweden did not implement a lockdown. Much like other countries in Africa, South Africa also has a large proportion of young people who may help offset the mortality rate. keywords: cases; countries; data; mortality; rate; testing; virus cache: cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt plain text: cord-254737-pv68fb7d.txt item: #22 of 57 id: cord-256201-vjzfzshh author: Pereira-Gómez, Marianoel title: Effect of mismatch repair on the mutation rate of bacteriophage ϕX174 date: 2015-09-10 words: 6131 flesch: 46 summary: For DNA viruses, mutation rates range from 10 -8 m/n/r in double-stranded (ds) DNA viruses such as herpes virus to 10 -6 m/n/r in single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses such as bacteriophage /X174, whereas these rates range from 10 -6 to 10 -4 m/n/r in RNA viruses (Sanjuá n et al. 2010) . However, fidelity variants that are not lethal typically alter mutation rates only slightly (Pfeiffer and Kirkegaard 2003; Arias et al. 2008; Mené ndez-Arias 2009; Coffey et al. 2011; Graci et al. 2012) . keywords: /x174; coli; dna; gatc; mutation; phage; rate; repair; virus; viruses cache: cord-256201-vjzfzshh.txt plain text: cord-256201-vjzfzshh.txt item: #23 of 57 id: cord-258145-usr7b6dk author: Abdulah, Deldar Morad title: Relation of Dietary Factors with Infection and Mortality Rates of COVID-19 Across the World date: 2020-07-04 words: 3995 flesch: 45 summary: The study showed that the countries with higher infection rates between 1500 and above had a higher intake of fruits (P=0.002), fruit juices (P<0.001), calcium (P<0.001), potassium (P<0.001), and total milk (P<0.001). Therefore, we can make the further hypothesis that the aged population of the countries with high infection rates has been the main factor in the low immune system. keywords: countries; covid-19; fruits; immune; infection; intake; mortality; rate cache: cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt plain text: cord-258145-usr7b6dk.txt item: #24 of 57 id: cord-260039-k9rs3dql author: Doerre, A. title: Age- and Sex-Specific Modelling of the COVID-19 Epidemic date: 2020-10-08 words: 5864 flesch: 46 summary: Here a more substantial question arises, namely whether COVID-19 infection rates are indeed gender-specific. Both biological sex and social gender appear to affect COVID-19 infection rates and their outcomes; this needs to be acknowledged in health policy decisions and medical treatment. keywords: age; ages; contact; covid-19; infections; men; model; preprint; rates; sex cache: cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt plain text: cord-260039-k9rs3dql.txt item: #25 of 57 id: cord-260299-0blol7to author: Karadag, Engin title: Increase in COVID‐19 cases and case‐fatality and case‐recovery rates in Europe: A cross‐temporal meta‐analysis date: 2020-06-02 words: 2741 flesch: 54 summary: In addition, case rate analyses were standardized by population, as the populations of case countries were not similar. In addition, case increase analyses have been standardized by the population due to the fact that the populations of case countries are not similar. keywords: analysis; case; fatality; increase; rate cache: cord-260299-0blol7to.txt plain text: cord-260299-0blol7to.txt item: #26 of 57 id: cord-268118-lysrwv2f author: Stock, James H title: Estimates of the Undetected Rate among the SARS-CoV-2 Infected using Testing Data from Iceland date: 2020-04-11 words: 2714 flesch: 56 summary: Individuals in quarantine were excluded from deCODE testing and while some of the quarantined qualified for NUHI testing, some did not. However, infection rates for individuals with no vs. mild symptoms are only available in the results by Guðbjartsson et al (2020) , who report infection and test counts by symptom status for deCODE testing between March 13 and 19. keywords: nuhi; rate; testing cache: cord-268118-lysrwv2f.txt plain text: cord-268118-lysrwv2f.txt item: #27 of 57 id: cord-270803-jtv5jmkn author: Wang, Lin-Fa title: Mass extinctions, biodiversity and mitochondrial function: are bats ‘special’ as reservoirs for emerging viruses? date: 2011-11-09 words: 5616 flesch: 40 summary: Bat viruses may therefore have co-evolved with or adapted to bats over many millions of years. The long life-span of bats may facilitate the transmission of chronic persistent infections, whereas the unusually large and complex structure of bat populations may ensure a sufficient number of immunologically naive juveniles for bat viruses to persist in bat colonies. keywords: bats; disease; diversity; extinction; host; impact; infection; rate; review; species; viruses cache: cord-270803-jtv5jmkn.txt plain text: cord-270803-jtv5jmkn.txt item: #28 of 57 id: cord-274456-rzrfkkci author: Dua, Pami title: Monetary policy framework in India date: 2020-06-23 words: 8832 flesch: 47 summary: key: cord-274456-rzrfkkci authors: Dua, Pami title: Monetary policy framework in India date: 2020-06-23 journal: Indian Econ Rev DOI: 10.1007/s41775-020-00085-3 sha: doc_id: 274456 cord_uid: rzrfkkci In 2016, the monetary policy framework moved towards flexible inflation targeting and a six member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) was constituted for setting the policy rate. In this backdrop, the paper reviews the evolution of monetary policy frameworks in India since the mid-1980s. keywords: banks; framework; india; inflation; interest; market; money; policy; policy framework; policy rate; rate; rbi; repo; repo rate cache: cord-274456-rzrfkkci.txt plain text: cord-274456-rzrfkkci.txt item: #29 of 57 id: cord-279728-kbnz1sy3 author: Zhao, X. title: Threshold analyses on rates of testing, transmission, and contact for COVID-19 control in a university setting date: 2020-07-25 words: 6480 flesch: 52 summary: key: cord-279728-kbnz1sy3 authors: Zhao, X.; Tatapudi, H. A.; Corey, G.; Gopalappa, C. title: Threshold analyses on rates of testing, transmission, and contact for COVID-19 control in a university setting date: 2020-07-25 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.21.20158303 sha: doc_id: 279728 cord_uid: kbnz1sy3 We simulated epidemic projections of a potential COVID-19 outbreak in a university population of 38,000 persons, under varying combinations of mass test rate (0% to 10%), contact trace and test rate (0% to 50%), transmission rate (probability of transmission per contact per day), and contact rate (number of contacts per person per day). We evaluated contact rates between 1 and 25, to identify the threshold that, if exceeded, could lead to several deaths. keywords: contact; contact rate; license; medrxiv; preprint; rate; test; trace; transmission cache: cord-279728-kbnz1sy3.txt plain text: cord-279728-kbnz1sy3.txt item: #30 of 57 id: cord-279892-37vyazby author: Sun, Guanghao title: Remote sensing of multiple vital signs using a CMOS camera-equipped infrared thermography system and its clinical application in rapidly screening patients with suspected infectious diseases date: 2017-01-16 words: 2904 flesch: 40 summary: healthcare settings Fever screening during the influenza (H1N1-2009) pandemic at Narita International Airport A novel screening method for influenza patients using a newly developed non-contact screening system An infectious disease/fever screening radar system which stratifies higher-risk patients within ten seconds using a neural network and the fuzzy grouping method Multiple vital-sign based infection screening outperforms thermography independent of the classification algorithm A novel infection screening method using a neural network and k-means clustering algorithm which can be applied for screening of unknown or unexpected infectious diseases Non-contact measurement of respiratory and heart rates using a CMOS camera-equipped infrared camera for prompt infection screening at airport quarantine stations Advancements in noncontact, multiparameter physiological measurements using a webcam Dimension reduction-based penalized logistic regression for cancer classification using microarray data Clinical tests: sensitivity and specificity Characteristics of infectious diseases in hospitalized patients during the early phase after the 2011 great East Japan earthquake: pneumonia as a significant reason for hospital care Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures Monitoring of influenza viruses in the aftermath of the great East Japan earthquake This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (grant number 16K16363) that was funded by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. key: cord-279892-37vyazby authors: Sun, Guanghao; Nakayama, Yosuke; Dagdanpurev, Sumiyakhand; Abe, Shigeto; Nishimura, Hidekazu; Kirimoto, Tetsuo; Matsui, Takemi title: Remote sensing of multiple vital signs using a CMOS camera-equipped infrared thermography system and its clinical application in rapidly screening patients with suspected infectious diseases date: 2017-01-16 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.01.007 sha: doc_id: 279892 cord_uid: 37vyazby BACKGROUND: keywords: irt; patients; rate; screening; system; temperature cache: cord-279892-37vyazby.txt plain text: cord-279892-37vyazby.txt item: #31 of 57 id: cord-284945-837qlk8y author: Rahmandad, H. title: Estimating the global spread of COVID-19 date: 2020-06-26 words: 16607 flesch: 43 summary: 2) We go through iterations of the following two steps: A) Conduct country-specific optimizations with 50 restarts to find the vector of θi given the ϕ and ̅ from first optimization or from the step B. B) Conduct a global optimization, including all countries but fixing θi and optimizing on ϕ (and ̅ ; though that is simply the mean across country level parameters from previous round). c. Identify the time shift within this range that maximizes the cross-correlation between the infection rate and test rate data, and shift the test rate data accordingly. keywords: acuity; cases; countries; country; covid; data; deaths; fatality; fraction; hospital; infection; license; medrxiv; model; parameters; preprint; rate; risk; test; testing; time; units cache: cord-284945-837qlk8y.txt plain text: cord-284945-837qlk8y.txt item: #32 of 57 id: cord-285105-72v6qufw author: Vierlboeck, Maximilian title: The Easter and Passover Blip in New York City date: 2020-04-17 words: 5300 flesch: 50 summary: In this paper, we describe research simulating the influences of the contact rate on the spread of the pandemic using New York City as an example (Section IV) and especially already observed effects of contact rate increases during holidays The infection rate of the model, which describes at what rate the susceptible population will be infected, was defined depending on two factors: infectivity (i) and effective contact rate (c). keywords: contact; contact rate; increases; infection; numbers; rate; time cache: cord-285105-72v6qufw.txt plain text: cord-285105-72v6qufw.txt item: #33 of 57 id: cord-288303-88c6qsek author: Paul, S. K. title: On nonlinear incidence rate of Covid-19 date: 2020-10-21 words: 7368 flesch: 50 summary: No specific functional form of transmission rate has been assumed. A single Convolutional LSTM model is created and trained to map multiple spatiotemporal features to transmission rate. keywords: cases; features; infection; influence; model; pixel; population; rate; time; transmission; transmission rate cache: cord-288303-88c6qsek.txt plain text: cord-288303-88c6qsek.txt item: #34 of 57 id: cord-289692-fraczoxu author: He, Wenqing title: Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID‐19: Meta‐analysis and sensitivity analysis date: 2020-06-09 words: 2107 flesch: 42 summary: Examining the published results between 24 January 2020 and World Health Organization (2020) COVID-19 situation reports Report 3: Transmissibility of 2019-nCoV Il 70% dei donatori di sangue`e positivo Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China Science Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions Time-varying transmission dynamics of novel coronavirus pneumonia in China Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China Does SARS-CoV-2 has a longer incubation period than SARS and MERS? Likelihood of survival of coronavirus disease Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a single arm meta-analysis COVID-19 patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures Estimation of the asymptomatic ratio of novel coronavirus infections (COVID-19) Asymptomatic and presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections in residents of a long-term care skilled nursing facility A considerable proportion of individuals with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Tibetan population Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship Introduction to Meta-Analysis Quantifying heterogeneity in a metaanalysis R package Forestplot World Health Organization (2020) WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 -3 Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis key: cord-289692-fraczoxu authors: He, Wenqing; Yi, Grace Y.; Zhu, Yayuan title: Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID‐19: Meta‐analysis and sensitivity analysis date: 2020-06-09 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26041 sha: doc_id: 289692 cord_uid: fraczoxu The coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has been found to be caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). keywords: case; fatality; fatality rate; rate cache: cord-289692-fraczoxu.txt plain text: cord-289692-fraczoxu.txt item: #35 of 57 id: cord-291501-9dhldjjp author: Sarraf, David title: Is virtual existence our new reality? date: 2020-05-25 words: 1490 flesch: 57 summary: New coronavirus infections are continuing at an unrelenting pace. Does it make sense therefore to continue to isolate communities when our hospitals are operating comfortably and infection rates are not abating? keywords: covid-19; crisis; face; world cache: cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt plain text: cord-291501-9dhldjjp.txt item: #36 of 57 id: cord-291837-qz4g4v1u author: Livadiotis, George title: Statistical analysis of the impact of environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of cases infected by COVID-19 date: 2020-04-24 words: 6023 flesch: 45 summary: The results clearly support the first reported statistically significant relationship of negative correlation between the average environmental temperature and exponential growth rates of the infected cases. The performed statistical analysis involved fitting of linear statistical models with the datasets of environmental temperature (or its inverse) and exponential growth rate, finding their relationship, and evaluating its statistical confidence. keywords: cases; exponential; growth; growth rate; rate; regions; temperature cache: cord-291837-qz4g4v1u.txt plain text: cord-291837-qz4g4v1u.txt item: #37 of 57 id: cord-293301-7bmj8qsv author: Buonanno, Giorgio title: Estimation of airborne viral emission: quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment date: 2020-04-17 words: 4390 flesch: 36 summary: key: cord-293301-7bmj8qsv authors: Buonanno, Giorgio; Stabile, Luca; Morawska, Lidia title: Estimation of airborne viral emission: quanta emission rate of SARS-CoV-2 for infection risk assessment date: 2020-04-17 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.12.20062828 sha: doc_id: 293301 cord_uid: 7bmj8qsv Airborne transmission is a pathway of contagion that is still not sufficiently investigated despite the evidence in the scientific literature of the role it can play in the context of an epidemic. The findings in terms of quanta emission rates were then adopted in infection risk models to demonstrate its application by evaluating the number of people infected by an asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 subject in Italian indoor microenvironments before and after the introduction of virus containment measures. keywords: activity; emission; load; quanta; rate; ventilation cache: cord-293301-7bmj8qsv.txt plain text: cord-293301-7bmj8qsv.txt item: #38 of 57 id: cord-298871-g7mqsbct author: Sheldon, George title: Unemployment in Switzerland in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic: an intertemporal perspective date: 2020-08-18 words: 5717 flesch: 50 summary: Our results show that unemployment rates in excess of 4% are not unknown in Switzerland, the most recent occurrence arising in the 1990s. Our discussion has shown that unemployment rates in excess of 4%, which the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs predicts for 2021, are historically not without precedent in Switzerland. keywords: duration; month; share; spells; term; time; unemployed; unemployment; unemployment rate cache: cord-298871-g7mqsbct.txt plain text: cord-298871-g7mqsbct.txt item: #39 of 57 id: cord-305431-re5jstvi author: Devitt, Patrick title: Can we expect an increased suicide rate due to Covid-19? date: 2020-05-21 words: 3002 flesch: 49 summary: He linked the apparent rise in suicide rates at the time to modernity and the associated weakening of family and community bonds. It was concluded, 'An examination of trends and suicide rates among white US adults does not show, however, that war directly decreases the suicide rate : : : ' (Marshall, 1981) . keywords: disasters; health; increase; rate; recession; suicide; war cache: cord-305431-re5jstvi.txt plain text: cord-305431-re5jstvi.txt item: #40 of 57 id: cord-314206-caxz025z author: Roberge, Raymond J. title: Reusable elastomeric air-purifying respirators: Physiologic impact on health care workers date: 2010-03-01 words: 3007 flesch: 37 summary: Furthermore, at the 2 work rates, the mean mixed inhalation/exhalation respirator dead space oxygen concentrations (17.85%, 17.81%, respectively) and respirator dead space carbon dioxide concentrations (2.50%, 2.47%, respectively) did not meet Occupational Health and Safety Administration ambient workplace standards (ie, ,19.5% is considered oxygen deficient; maximum 0.5% carbon dioxide as an 8-hour time weighted average), 22 although these standards apply to the workplace, not to respirators. Compared with controls (no respirator), significant decreases in the breathing rate at both work rates (P < .05) and increases in tidal volume at the lower work rate (P < .01) were noted with respirator use. keywords: carbon; dioxide; eapr; health; mph; rate; respirator; use; work cache: cord-314206-caxz025z.txt plain text: cord-314206-caxz025z.txt item: #41 of 57 id: cord-314235-08z2jyzd author: Matzinger, P. title: Strong impact of closing schools, closing bars and wearing masks during the Covid-19 pandemic: results from a simple and revealing analysis date: 2020-09-28 words: 5932 flesch: 58 summary: Each of these measures brought the infection rates down by twofold, for a cumulative reduction of fourfold in new infection rates. This suggests that 40 closing (and re-opening) settings that might not be conducive to social distancing has more impact on new infection rates than would opening other types of businesses (dog groomers, markets, hardware stores; even restaurants). keywords: bars; closing; days; new; preprint; rates; schools; states cache: cord-314235-08z2jyzd.txt plain text: cord-314235-08z2jyzd.txt item: #42 of 57 id: cord-316073-zm3ih55y author: Gani, Raymond title: Potential Impact of Antiviral Drug Use during Influenza Pandemic date: 2005-09-17 words: 4270 flesch: 43 summary: The Organization Influenza pandemic preparedness plan for the United States UK pandemic influenza contingency plan Influenza pandemic: preparedness planning in Germany Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan, Health Canada Are we ready for pandemic influenza? Pandemic influenza and the global vaccine supply Evaluation of control measures implemented in the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in Beijing Amantadine resistance among hemagglutinin subtype 5 strains of avian influenza virus Full guidance on the use of zanamivir, National Institute for Clinical Excellence. The points on the curves in Figure 1 , where the gradients change from vertical to horizontal, indicate the points at which the stockpile is sufficient to treat all patients; increasing the stockpile size would produce no additional Depicted are clinical attack rates before interventions of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%, with corresponding values for the basic reproduction number (R 0 ) of 1.28, 1.39, 1.53, 1.72, and 2.0 respectively. keywords: influenza; pandemic; population; rates; stockpile; treatment cache: cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt plain text: cord-316073-zm3ih55y.txt item: #43 of 57 id: cord-321966-q0if8li9 author: Simpson, Ryan B. title: An analecta of visualizations for foodborne illness trends and seasonality date: 2020-10-13 words: 7150 flesch: 38 summary: As expected, by compressing data to annual rates, Supplementary Figure S2 masks within-year trends of disease rates. For salmonellosis, disease rates are highest in the summertime (with peaks in July and August) and lowest during the wintertime (with a well-defined February nadir). keywords: amplitude; cases; data; disease; fig; foodnet; panel; peak; rates; seasonality; series; surveillance; time; timing; year cache: cord-321966-q0if8li9.txt plain text: cord-321966-q0if8li9.txt item: #44 of 57 id: cord-323943-9916y6x0 author: Platt, Daniel E title: Lies, Gosh Darn Lies, and Not Enough Good Statistics: Why Epidemic Model Parameter Estimation Fails date: 2020-04-21 words: 4149 flesch: 40 summary: If, as tracking numbers increased, testing surveillance was broad enough to pick up community spread individuals proportional to total numbers of tests applied, then the proportion of positives from the tests may reflect population rates. Since the problem of identifying rate limiting parameters prior to peak is underdetermined, these rates must be determined elsewhere. keywords: cases; license; parameters; population; preprint; rate; symptomatic; time cache: cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt plain text: cord-323943-9916y6x0.txt item: #45 of 57 id: cord-324650-rsp72rx8 author: Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A. title: Policy determinants of COVID-19 pandemic-induced fatality rates across nations date: 2020-08-18 words: 441 flesch: 54 summary: In this paper, we assessed tests as a policy instrument and policy enactment to contain COVID-19 and potentially reduce mortalities. Delaying policy enactment led to a higher case fatality rate (p = 0.0013). keywords: nations; rate cache: cord-324650-rsp72rx8.txt plain text: cord-324650-rsp72rx8.txt item: #46 of 57 id: cord-326296-a6ldr0mn author: Odendaal, Willem G title: Method for Active Pandemic Curve Management (MAPCM) date: 2020-04-13 words: 6118 flesch: 61 summary: Since outbreak curves (such as hospitalizations) can be programmed using this method, they can also be shaped to accommodate changing needs during the outbreak; and to build herd immunity without the damaging side effects. It can be started earlier or later than suggested by the herd or mitigated curves. keywords: curve; method; mitigation; outbreak; population; preprint; rate cache: cord-326296-a6ldr0mn.txt plain text: cord-326296-a6ldr0mn.txt item: #47 of 57 id: cord-326820-11sl17ap author: Bousquet, Jean title: Is diet partly responsible for differences in COVID-19 death rates between and within countries? date: 2020-05-27 words: 2316 flesch: 47 summary: These considerations may be partly involved in lower death rates in Southern Italy compared to the Northern part. Among the many possible areas of research, it might be important to understand diet and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) levels in populations with different COVID-19 death rates since dietary interventions may be of great benefit. keywords: ace; angiotensin; countries; covid-19; death; differences; rates cache: cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt plain text: cord-326820-11sl17ap.txt item: #48 of 57 id: cord-328069-a9fi9ssg author: Pathan, Refat Khan title: Time Series Prediction of COVID-19 by Mutation Rate Analysis using Recurrent Neural Network-based LSTM Model date: 2020-06-13 words: 3407 flesch: 61 summary: About 0.1% increment in mutation rate is found for mutating of nucleotides from T to C and G, C to G and G to T. While a decrement of 0.1% is seen for mutating of T to A, and A to C. It is found that this model can be used to predict day basis mutation rates if more patient data is available in updated time. Accurate determination of mutation rates is essential to comprehend the evolution of this virus and to determine the risk of emergent infectious disease. keywords: cov-2; dataset; mutation; rate; sars; sequence; virus cache: cord-328069-a9fi9ssg.txt plain text: cord-328069-a9fi9ssg.txt item: #49 of 57 id: cord-328104-triub2h6 author: Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title: Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date: 2020-09-26 words: 2626 flesch: 54 summary: key: cord-328104-triub2h6 authors: Ibraheem Jabbar, Shaima title: Automated Analysis of Fatality Rates for COVID 19 across Different Countries date: 2020-09-26 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2020.09.027 sha: doc_id: 328104 cord_uid: triub2h6 One of the significant parameters that helps in the reporting the highest risk areas, which have COVID 19 pandemic is case fatality rate (CFR). Case fatality rate (CFR) was evaluated using equation (1) for a set of countries across different continents in two months. keywords: countries; covid-19; fatality; rate; virus cache: cord-328104-triub2h6.txt plain text: cord-328104-triub2h6.txt item: #50 of 57 id: cord-333181-maep6fie author: Huynh, Toan Luu Duc title: Spillovers and connectedness in foreign exchange markets: The role of trade policy uncertainty date: 2020-10-09 words: 5487 flesch: 47 summary: The evidence regarding the TPU's volatility transmission thus implies that it can be a useful tool to predict exchange rate volatility. This result indicates the benefit of having the GEPU in the model as it helps improve the interactions and explanations of exchange rate volatility. keywords: effects; exchange; exchange rate; policy; policy uncertainty; rates; tpu; trade; trade policy; uncertainty; volatility cache: cord-333181-maep6fie.txt plain text: cord-333181-maep6fie.txt item: #51 of 57 id: cord-336071-t7c0drft author: Chiyomaru, Katsumi title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date: 2020-04-14 words: 1622 flesch: 35 summary: key: cord-336071-t7c0drft authors: Chiyomaru, Katsumi; Takemoto, Kazuhiro title: Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming date: 2020-04-14 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.10.20060459 sha: doc_id: 336071 cord_uid: t7c0drft The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became a rapidly spreading worldwide epidemic; thus, it is a global priority to reduce the speed of the epidemic spreading. An investigation of 346 transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic Epidemic curves made 349 easy using the R package incidence Global COVID-19 transmission rate is influenced by 352 precipitation seasonality and the speed of climate temperature warming Very high resolution 355 interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas Macroecological 358 trends in nestedness and modularity of seed-dispersal networks: human impact matters The 361 influence of late Quaternary climate-change velocity on species endemism 364 Population Density, Revision 11 The 366 human footprint and the last of the wild Gridded global datasets for Gross Domestic 369 Product and Human Development Index over 1990-2015. keywords: covid-19; growth; rate; temperature cache: cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt plain text: cord-336071-t7c0drft.txt item: #52 of 57 id: cord-336743-udokbcki author: Lilitsis, Emmanouil title: Inspiratory effort and breathing pattern change in response to varying the assist level: a physiological study date: 2020-06-10 words: 3439 flesch: 37 summary: The main findings of the study are: 1) patients respond to changes in ventilatory assist mainly by changing effort per breath; 2) when respiratory drive and/or effort are normal, a wide range of respiratory rate is observed; 3) although respiratory rate changes towards the same direction as effort, neither the magnitude of change, nor the resulting value of respiratory rate are related to the level of effort, suggesting the limited role of respiratory rate in titrating assist to a target level of effort. Yet, neither the magnitude of respiratory rate change nor the resulting absolute value may reliably predict the level of effort after a change in assist. keywords: assist; effort; patients; rate cache: cord-336743-udokbcki.txt plain text: cord-336743-udokbcki.txt item: #53 of 57 id: cord-342730-b7y8mybg author: Dellagi, Koussay title: Pandemic Influenza Due to pH1N1/2009 Virus: Estimation of Infection Burden in Reunion Island through a Prospective Serosurvey, Austral Winter 2009 date: 2011-09-29 words: 5978 flesch: 42 summary: However, seasonal influenza vaccines were of rather limited use in Reunion Island, especially in children and young adults; iv) Finally the high baseline titers may reflect the infectious history of the individuals to seasonal influenza viruses cross antigenic with pH1N1/2009 virus as recently suggested for seasonal 2007 H1N1 infection Lower infection rates were found in adults and the lowest rates were recorded in the elderly. keywords: age; antibody; epidemic; h1n1; hia; infection; influenza; pandemic; rates; seroconversion; virus cache: cord-342730-b7y8mybg.txt plain text: cord-342730-b7y8mybg.txt item: #54 of 57 id: cord-344008-h4kc04w0 author: Liang, Donghai title: Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States date: 2020-09-21 words: 5756 flesch: 37 summary: Descriptive statistics was conducted on 3,122 US counties using data reported as of July 17, 2020 **COVID-19 case fatality rate was calculated by the number of deaths divided by the number of cases, reported as of July 17, 2020 An analysis of 213 cities in China recently demonstrated that temporal increases in COVID-19 cases were associated with short-term variations in ambient air pollution 18 . keywords: air; case; county; covid-19; fatality; level; mortality; pollution; rate cache: cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt plain text: cord-344008-h4kc04w0.txt item: #55 of 57 id: cord-344969-q1wqfeh7 author: Min, Kyung-Duk title: Estimating the Effectiveness of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 Control in Korea date: 2020-09-01 words: 4280 flesch: 41 summary: Four types of parameters were included in the model: the rate at which exposed individuals become infectious (θ), detection rate (γ), quarantine probability (υ), and effective contact rate (β). Calibrated d β 6 Effective contact rate among individuals aged 20+ in week 4 Calibrated d β 7 Effective contact rate among individuals aged 20+ in week 5 Calibrated d β 8 Effective contact rate among individuals aged 20+ in week 6 Calibrated d β 9 Effective contact rate among individuals aged 20+ in week 7 Calibrated d φ ca Multiplier for effective contact rate from individuals aged 0-19 to individuals aged 20+ Calibrated d φ ac Multiplier for effective contact rate from individuals aged 20+ to individuals aged 0-19 Calibrated d a Latent period was assumed as 4.5 days, considering that the reported incubation period of the virus is 5.5 days and that infected individuals start transmitting the virus one day before presenting symptoms; b Infectious period was assumed to be 5.8 days, considering that the reported time between the onset of symptoms and isolation is 4.8 days and that infected individuals start transmitting the virus one day before presenting symptoms; spring semester postponement. keywords: cases; contact; contact rate; individuals; rate; scenario cache: cord-344969-q1wqfeh7.txt plain text: cord-344969-q1wqfeh7.txt item: #56 of 57 id: cord-349548-loi1vs5y author: Mueller, Markus title: Using random testing in a feedback-control loop to manage a safe exit from the COVID-19 lockdown date: 2020-04-14 words: 11230 flesch: 63 summary: current growth rate k 1 , the longer the time to detect it above the noise inherent to the finite sampling. It may prove difficult to push the fraction of infected people significantly below i c , since the recent experience in most European countries shows that it is very hard to ensure that growth rates k fall well below 0. keywords: growth; growth rate; infected; k(t; measures; number; people; rate; testing; time cache: cord-349548-loi1vs5y.txt plain text: cord-349548-loi1vs5y.txt item: #57 of 57 id: cord-354117-aunut5gj author: Valentine, Randall title: Relationship of George Floyd protests to increases in COVID-19 cases using event study methodology date: 2020-08-05 words: 1018 flesch: 54 summary: In six of the eight cities, infection rate growth was positive and significant. The eight cities shown in Table 1 were studied for two parameters, estimated period for infection growth rate and 5-day abnormal infection growth rate. keywords: growth; infection; rate cache: cord-354117-aunut5gj.txt plain text: cord-354117-aunut5gj.txt