# bib

id: cord-308412-m4u1ax8k
author: Jin, Jun
title: Analysis of 4 imaging features in patients with COVID-19
date: 2020-07-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2879
sentence: 136
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-308412-m4u1ax8k.txt
txt: txt/cord-308412-m4u1ax8k.txt
summary:
  In clinical work, accurate identification of various chest CT signs can help to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 and reduce the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis rate. In clinical work, accurate identification of various chest CT signs in combination with epidemiological history, clinical features, multiple nucleic acid tests, and other testing methods can help improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 and reduce the misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis rate.


id: cord-275863-qos9vu3r
author: Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa
title: Lectin Switching During Dengue Virus Infection
date: 2011-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4502
sentence: 164
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-275863-qos9vu3r.txt
txt: txt/cord-275863-qos9vu3r.txt
summary:
  The mannose receptor mediates dengue virus infection of macrophages Dengue 1 virus binding to human hepatoma HepG2 and simian Vero cell surfaces differs Dengue virus entry into liver (HepG2) cells is independent of hsp90 and hsp70 Heat shock protein 90 and heat shock protein 70 are components of dengue virus receptor complex in human cells Identification of GRP 78 (BiP) as a liver cell expressed receptor element for dengue virus serotype 2 Bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhibits dengue virus infection of primary human monocytes/macrophages by blockade of virus entry via a CD14-dependent mechanism Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)-mediated enhancement of dengue virus infection is independent of DC-SIGN internalization signals Dendritic-cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin is essential for the productive infection of human dendritic cells by mosquito-cell-derived dengue viruses A variant in the CD209 promoter is associated with severity of dengue disease CLEC5A is critical for denguevirus-induced lethal disease A complex interplay among virus, dendritic cells, T cells, and cytokines in dengue virus infections Histidine 39 in the dengue virus type 2 M protein has an important role in virus assembly Cross-reacting antibodies enhance dengue virus infection in humans Immunodominant T-cell responses to dengue virus NS3 are associated with DHF Immunopathological mechanisms in dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever Original antigenic sin and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever Multiplex cytokine profile from dengue patients: MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma as predictive factors for severity High levels of sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha in dengue-infected patients Monocytes, but not T or B cells, are the principal target cells for dengue virus (DV) infection among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute dengue illness demonstrates infection and increased activation of monocytes in severe cases compared to classic dengue fever Dengue virus infectivity depends on envelope protein binding to target cell heparan sulfate DC-SIGN (CD209) mediates dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells


id: cord-022352-yvdpj538
author: Thomson, Maurine
title: The cat with lameness
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4777
sentence: 409
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-022352-yvdpj538.txt
txt: txt/cord-022352-yvdpj538.txt
summary:
  Hindlimb lameness in young cats less than 7 months of age is usually due to disruption of the growth plate to the femoral head rather than hip luxation. Pain localized to the hip in young cats is more likely due to separation of the femoral head.


id: cord-009669-bcdjwpd1
author: Tsegaye, Theodros Solomon
title: The multiple facets of HIV attachment to dendritic cell lectins
date: 2010-09-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4866
sentence: 118
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-009669-bcdjwpd1.txt
txt: txt/cord-009669-bcdjwpd1.txt
summary:
  The dendritic cellspecific C-type lectin DC-SIGN is a receptor for Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens and recognizes the glycan antigen Lewis x The dendritic cell-specific adhesion receptor DC-SIGN internalizes antigen for presentation to T cells Infectious and whole inactivated simian immunodeficiency viruses interact similarly with primate dendritic cells (DCs): differential intracellular fate of virions in mature and immature DCs HIV-1 trafficking to the dendritic cell-T-cell infectious synapse uses a pathway of tetraspanin sorting to the immunological synapse L-SIGN (CD 209L) is a liver-specific capture receptor for hepatitis C virus DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells Mycobacteria target DC-SIGN to suppress dendritic cell function Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin/ CD209 is abundant on macrophages in the normal human lymph node and is not required for dendritic cell stimulation of the mixed leukocyte reaction C-type lectin DC-SIGN modulates Toll-like receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-kappaB Carbohydrate-specific signaling through the DC-SIGN signalosome tailors immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV-1 and Helicobacter pylori HIV-1 exploits innate signaling by TLR8 and DC-SIGN for productive infection of dendritic cells Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to immature dendritic cells can occur independently of DC-SIGN and mannose binding C-type lectin receptors via a cholesterol-dependent pathway Structural basis for distinct ligandbinding and targeting properties of the receptors DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Binding and transfer of human immunodeficiency virus by DC-SIGN+ cells in human rectal mucosa Human cytomegalovirus binding to DC-SIGN is required for dendritic cell infection and target cell trans-infection Viral membrane fusion Glycosphingolipid composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles is a crucial determinant for dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection Initial events in establishing vaginal entry and infection by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Activation of the lectin DC-SIGN induces an immature dendritic cell phenotype triggering Rho-GTPase activity required for HIV-1 replication Blockade of attachment and fusion receptors inhibits HIV-1 infection of human cervical tissue Maturation of blood-derived dendritic cells enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture and transmission Capture and transfer of HIV-1 particles by mature dendritic cells converges with the exosome-dissemination pathway Dendritic cells mediate herpes simplex virus infection and transmission through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN TNF-alpha and TLR agonists increase susceptibility to HIV-1 transmission by human Langerhans cells ex vivo Significant virus replication in Langerhans cells following application of HIV to abraded skin: relevance to occupational transmission of HIV DC-SIGN and L-SIGN can act as attachment receptors for alphaviruses and distinguish between mosquito cell-and mammalian cell-derived viruses DC-SIGN specifically recognizes Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3 and 14 DC-SIGN-mediated internalization of HIV is required for trans-enhancement of T cell infection The C-type lectin surface receptor DCIR acts as a new attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells and contributes to trans-and cis-infection pathways cis Expression of DC-SIGN allows for more efficient entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses via CD4 and a coreceptor Differential N-linked glycosylation of human immunodeficiency virus and Ebola virus envelope glycoproteins modulates interactions with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are high affinity binding receptors for hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 Dendritic cellspecific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-mediated enhancement of dengue virus infection is independent of DC-SIGN internalization signals Recruitment of HIV and its receptors to dendritic cell-T cell junctions DC-SIGN enhances infection of cells with glycosylated West Nile virus in vitro and virus replication in human dendritic cells induces production of IFN-alpha and TNFalpha DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR interact with the glycoprotein of Marburg virus and the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Analysis of the interaction of Ebola virus glycoprotein with DC-SIGN (dendritic cellspecific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin) and its homologue DC-SIGNR DC-SIGN promotes exogenous MHC-I-restricted HIV-1 antigen presentation Dendritic cells and HIV-specific CD4+ T cells: HIV antigen presentation, T-cell activation, and viral transfer Dendritic-cellspecific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin is essential for the productive infection of human dendritic cells by mosquitocell-derived dengue viruses Covert human immunodeficiency virus replication in dendritic cells and in DC-SIGN-expressing cells promotes long-term transmission to lymphocytes Hepatitis C virus glycoproteins interact with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR DC-SIGN on B lymphocytes is required for transmission of HIV-1 to T lymphocytes DC-SIGN is a receptor for human herpesvirus 8 on dendritic cells and macrophages Human herpesvirus 8 infects and replicates in primary cultures of activated B lymphocytes through DC-SIGN A variant in the CD209 promoter is associated with severity of dengue disease Structural requirements for multimerization of the pathogen receptor dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (CD209) on the cell surface HIV-1 gp120 mannoses induce immunosuppressive responses from dendritic cells Leukocyte-specific protein 1 interacts with DC-SIGN and mediates transport of HIV to the proteasome in dendritic cells Langerhans cells and the cells of Langerhans cell histiocytosis do not express DC-SIGN DC-SIGN neck domain is a pH-sensor controlling oligomerization: SAXS and hydrodynamic studies of extracellular domain DC-SIGN is the major Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets Immunodeficiency virus uptake, turnover, and 2-phase transfer in human dendritic cells Functionally distinct transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by immature and mature dendritic cells CD4 coexpression regulates DC-SIGNmediated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DC-SIGN mediates avian H5N1 influenza virus infection in cis and in trans Macropinocytosis and cytoskeleton contribute to dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission to CD4+ T cells Measles virus targets DC-SIGN to enhance dendritic cell infection Syndecan-3 is a dendritic cell-specific attachment receptor for HIV-1 Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells DC-SIGN and CD150 have distinct roles in transmission of measles virus from dendritic cells to T-lymphocytes Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: infection and viral dissemination Functional evaluation of DC-SIGN monoclonal antibodies reveals DC-SIGN interactions with ICAM-3 do not promote human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission pH-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is mediated by the spike glycoprotein and enhanced by dendritic cell transfer through DC-SIGN HIV traffics through a specialized, surface-accessible intracellular compartment during trans-infection of T cells by mature dendritic cells We thank TF Schulz for support and the BMBF (grant 01KI 0703) and DFG (SFB 900) for funding. macrophagetropic human immunodeficiency viruses Quantitative expression and virus transmission analysis of DC-SIGN on monocyte-derived dendritic cells DC-SIGN interacts with Mycobacterium leprae but sequence variation in this lectin is not associated with leprosy in the Pakistani population Helicobacter pylori modulates the T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 balance through phase-variable interaction between lipopolysaccharide and DC-SIGN Dendritic cell-mediated trans-enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity is independent of DC-SIGN Infection of dendritic cells (DCs), not DC-SIGN-mediated internalization of human immunodeficiency virus, is required for long-term transfer of virus to T cells The C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) is an antigen-uptake receptor for Candida albicans on dendritic cells Dendritic cells exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to CD4+ T cells Plunder and stowaways: incorporation of cellular proteins by enveloped viruses In vitro derived dendritic cells trans-infect CD4 T cells primarily with surface-bound HIV-1 virions DC-SIGN facilitates fusion of dendritic cells with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cells Dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3)-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN, CD209), a C-type surface lectin in human DCs, is a receptor for Leishmania amastigotes Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120


id: cord-002395-goil7gjr
author: dos Santos, Ália
date: 2016-12-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5653
sentence: 175
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-002395-goil7gjr.txt
txt: txt/cord-002395-goil7gjr.txt
title:
  Oligomerization domains in the glycan‐binding receptors DC‐SIGN and DC‐SIGNR: Sequence variation and stability differences

summary:
  A leucine residue is present at position 6 only in repeat units 2 through 4 of DC-SIGN, with position 6 occupied by a glutamine residue in most of the remaining repeat units, although a methionine residue is present in repeat unit 5. 27 Vectors encoding uniform neck domain repeat units with leucine at position 6 were created starting from the cDNA for the DC-SIGNR neck.


id: cord-279343-ybncwweg
author: Snyder, Greg A.
date: 2005-04-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5252
sentence: 189
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-279343-ybncwweg.txt
txt: txt/cord-279343-ybncwweg.txt
title:
  The Structure of DC-SIGNR with a Portion of its Repeat Domain Lends Insights to Modeling of the Receptor Tetramer

summary:
  receptor for hepatitis C virus DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells Human cytomegalovirus binding to DC-SIGN is required for dendritic cell infection and target cell trans-infection are high affinity binding receptors for hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 C-type Lectins L-SIGN and DC-SIGN capture and transmit infectious hepatitis C virus pseudotype particles Hepatitis C virus glycoproteins interact with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR bind Ebola glycoproteins and enhance infection of macrophages and endothelial cells DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens DC-SIGN: a novel HIV receptor on DCs that mediates HIV-1 transmission DC-SIGN promotes exogenous MHC-I-restricted HIV-1 antigen presentation DC-SIGN homologue expressed in endothelial cells, binds to human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and activates infection in trans DC-SIGN; a related gene, DC-SIGNR; and CD23 form a cluster on 19p13 A dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-related protein is highly expressed on human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and promotes HIV-1 infection A novel mechanism of carbohydrate recognition by the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR. 41 Evaluating potential ligands of DC-SIGN/R Since both receptors use multiple CRD domains to modulate avidity-mediated binding to various carbohydrates found on a variety of pathogens, we derived a formula to evaluate and identify potential receptor ligands.


id: cord-265600-lnik974k
author: Celerino da Silva, Ronaldo
title: Role of DC-SIGN and L-SIGN receptors in HIV-1 vertical transmission
date: 2011-01-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5519
sentence: 215
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-265600-lnik974k.txt
txt: txt/cord-265600-lnik974k.txt
summary:
  The signs for infection C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN mediate cellular entry by Ebola virus in cis and in trans CD209L) and DCSIGN(CD209) mediate transinfection of liver cells by hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus glycoproteins interact with DC-SIGN and DCSIGNR CD209) mediates dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells Human cytomegalovirus binding to DC-SIGN is required for dendritic cell infection and target cell trans-infection DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR interact with the glycoprotein of Marburg virus and the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus PH-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is mediated by the spike glycoprotein and enhanced by dendritic cell transfer through DC-SIGN DC-SIGN is the major Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells Helicobacter pylori modulates the T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 balance through phase-variable interaction between lipopolysaccharide and DCSIGN Role of the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN in Leishmania interaction with host phagocytes DC-SIGN and L-SIGN are high affinity binding receptors for hepatitis C virus glycoprotein CD209L LSIGNS) is a receptor for severeacute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Identification of the mycobacterial carbohydratestructure that binds the Ctype lectins DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and SIGNR1 Structural basis for selective recognition of oligosaccharides by DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses DC-SIGNR, a DC-SIGN homologue expressed in endothelial cells, binds to human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and activates infection in trans A dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin DCSIGNS)-related protein is highly expressed on human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and promotes HIV infection Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: Infection and viral dissemination Impact of polymorphisms in the DC-SIGNR neck domain on the interaction with pathogens Extended neck regions stabilize tetramers of the receptors DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Characterization of DC-SIGN/R interaction with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 and ICAM molecules favors the receptor's role as an antigen-capturing rather than an adhesion receptor Influence of polymorphism in dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related. However, Raji cells expressing DC-SIGN, incubated with HIV-1 virus and uninfected human milk, showed a significant reduction of the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to DC-SIGN receptor.


id: cord-018864-c1r2n17o
author: Pöhlmann, Stefan
title: Attachment of human immunodeficiency virus to cells and its inhibition
date: 2007
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5856
sentence: 193
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-018864-c1r2n17o.txt
txt: txt/cord-018864-c1r2n17o.txt
summary:
  (L-SIGN) is a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Homozygous L-SIGN (CLEC4M) plays a protective role in SARS coronavirus infection Most DC-SIGNR transcripts at mucosal HIV transmission sites are alternatively spliced isoforms Primary cultures of endothelial cells from the human liver sinusoid are permissive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Detection of HIV1 RNA and p24 antigen in HIV1-infected human liver Presence of HIV-1 in human parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells in vivo The tandem-repeat polymorphism of the DC-SIGNR gene does not affect the susceptibility to HIV infection and the progression to AIDS Repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related molecule: effects on HIV-1 susceptibility All but the shortest polymorphic forms of the viral receptor DC-SIGNR assemble into stable homo-and heterotetramers Impact of polymorphisms in the DC-SIGNR neck domain on the interaction with pathogens Pattern recognition receptors: doubling up for the innate immune response Involvement of macrophage mannose receptor in the binding and transmission of HIV by macrophages The monoclonal antibody DCGM4 recognizes Langerin, a protein specific of Langerhans cells, and is rapidly internalized from the cell surface Characterization of carbohydrate recognition by langerin, a Ctype lectin of Langerhans cells Reproduction of Langerin/CD207 traffic and Birbeck granule formation in a human cell line model Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules Epidermal Langerhans cells -a target for HTLV-III/LAV infection Langerhans' cells are an actual site of HIV-1 replication RNAi-directed inhibition of DC-SIGN by dendritic cells: prospects for HIV-1 therapy The novel cyclophilinbinding drug sanglifehrin A specifically affects antigen uptake receptor expression and endocytic capacity of human dendritic cells Mannose hyperbranched dendritic polymers interact with clustered organization of DC-SIGN and inhibit gp120 binding Mannosyl glycodendritic structure inhibits DC-SIGN-mediated Ebola virus infection in cis and in trans DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR bind ebola glycoproteins and enhance infection of macrophages and endothelial cells C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN mediate cellular entry by Ebola virus in cis and in trans Prevention of influenza pneumonitis by sialic acid-conjugated dendritic polymers Lactoferrin prevents dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blocking the DC-SIGN-gp120 interaction Lewis X component in human milk binds DC-SIGN and inhibits HIV-1 transfer to CD4 + T lymphocytes Human cervicovaginal lavage fluid contains an inhibitor of HIV binding to dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin Internalizing antibodies to the C-type lectins, L-SIGN and DC-SIGN, inhibit viral glycoprotein binding and deliver antigen to human dendritic cells for the induction of T cell responses Mannose binding lectin (MBL) and HIV Inhibition of DC-SIGN-mediated trans infection of T cells by mannose-binding lectin Mannose-binding lectin binds to Ebola and Marburg envelope glycoproteins, resulting in blocking of virus interaction with DC-SIGN and complement-mediated virus neutralization Sugar-binding proteins potently inhibit dendritic cell human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and dendritic-cell-directed HIV-1 transfer The highly specific carbohydrate-binding protein cyanovirin-N: structure, anti-HIV/Ebola activity and possibilities for therapy Cyanovirin-N inhibits AIDS virus infections in vaginal transmission models Cyanovirin-N gel as a topical microbicide prevents rectal transmission of SHIV89.6P in macaques DC-SIGN-specific liposomal targeting and selective intracellular compound delivery to human myeloid dendritic cells: implications for HIV disease High efficiency transduction of dendritic cells by adenoviral vectors targeted to DC-SIGN Effective induction of naive and recall T-cell responses by targeting antigen to human dendritic cells via a humanized anti-DC-SIGN antibody Recombinant adenovirus type 5 vectors that target DC-SIGN, ChemR23 and alpha(v)beta3 integrin efficiently transduce human dendritic cells and enhance presentation of vectored antigens We acknowledge numerous contributions from various laboratories whose references were not cited in this review due to space limitations. Cell surface receptors, virus entry and tropism of primate lentiviruses HIV-1 attachment: another look Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 attachment to HeLa CD4 cells is CD4 independent and gp120 dependent and requires cell surface heparans Syndecans serve as attachment receptors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on macrophages Syndecan captures, protects, and transmits HIV to T lymphocytes Infection of colonic epithelial cell lines by type 1 human immunodeficiency virus is associated with cell surface expression of galactosylceramide, a potential alternative gp120 receptor Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide Acquisition of host cell-surface-derived molecules by HIV-1 Host protein incorporation is conserved among diverse HIV-1 subtypes Presence of host ICAM-1 in laboratory and clinical strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 increases virus infectivity and CD4(+)-T-cell depletion in human lymphoid tissue, a major site of replication in vivo Host cell-dependent alterations in envelope components of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions Cellular compartments of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vivo: determination by presence of virion-associated host proteins and impact of opportunistic infection Detection of HLA-DR associated with monocytotropic, primary, and plasma isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CD45: A prototype for transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases CD86 (B7-2), and major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and microvesicles: implications for viral pathogenesis and immune regulation Exclusion of HIV coreceptors CXCR4, CCR5, and CCR3 from the HIV envelope Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 derived from cocultures of immature dendritic cells with autologous T cells carries T-cell-specific molecules on its surface and is highly infectious Cellular proteins bound to immunodeficiency viruses: Implication for pathogenesis and vaccines Envelope glycoprotein incorporation, not shedding of surface envelope glycoprotein (gp120/SU), Is the primary determinant of SU content of purified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus Envelope glycoproteins are not required for insertion of host ICAM-1 into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and ICAM-1-bearing viruses are still infectious despite a suboptimal level of trimeric envelope proteins Interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of ICAM-1 and Pr55Gag leads to acquisition of host ICAM-1 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 The presence of host-derived HLA-DR1 on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 increases viral infectivity Host-derived ICAM-1 glycoproteins incorporated on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are biologically active and enhances viral infectivity Role of the leukocyte function antigen-1 conformational state in the process of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-mediated syncytium formation and virus infection Regulation of LFA-1 activity through cytoskeleton remodeling and signaling components modulates the efficiency of HIV type-1 entry in activated CD4 + T lymphocytes Presence of host ICAM-1 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions increases productive infection of CD4 + T lymphocytes by favoring cytosolic delivery of viral material LFA-1 is a key determinant for preferential infection of memory CD4 + T cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 New insights into the functionality of a virion-anchored host cell membrane protein: CD28 vs HIV type 1 Insertion of host-derived costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affects the virus life cycle Interaction between virion-bound host ICAM-1 and the high affinity state of LFA-1 on target cells renders R5 and X4 isolates of HIV-1 more refractory to neutralization Virion-bound ICAM-1 and activated LFA-1: a combination of factors conferring resistance to neutralization by sera from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals independently of the disease status and phase Susceptibility of HIV type 1 to the fusion inhibitor T-20 is reduced on insertion of host intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in the virus membrane Macaques immunized with HLA-DR are protected from challenge with simian immunodeficiency virus Immunization with class I histocompatibility leukocyte antigen can protect macaques against challenge infection with SIVmac-32H Statin compounds reduce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by preventing the interaction between virion-associated host intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and its natural cell surface ligand LFA-1 Statins inhibit HIV-1 infection by downregulating Rho activity Inhibiting sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection The interaction of immunodeficiency viruses with dendritic cells Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 DC-SIGN-mediated internalization of HIV is required for trans-enhancement of T cell infection DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin on dendritic cells that unveils many aspects of dendritic cell biology DC-SIGN-ICAM-2 interaction mediates dendritic cell trafficking Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses Characterization of DC-SIGN/R interaction with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 and ICAM molecules favors the receptor's role as an antigen-capturing rather than an adhesion receptor Rhesus macaque dendritic cells efficiently transmit primate lentiviruses independently of DC-SIGN Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to immature dendritic cells can occur independently of DC-SIGN and mannose binding C-type lectin receptors via a cholesterol-dependent pathway Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin/CD209 is abundant on macrophages in the normal human lymph node and is not required for dendritic cell stimulation of the mixed leukocyte reaction Quantitative expression and virus transmission analysis of DC-SIGN on monocyte-derived dendritic cells Cell type-dependent retention and transmission of HIV-1 by DC-SIGN Functional evaluation of DC-SIGN monoclonal antibodies reveals DC-SIGN interactions with ICAM-3 do not promote human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets Raji B cells, misidentified as THP-1 cells, stimulate DC-SIGN-mediated HIV transmission Immunodeficiency virus uptake, turnover, and 2-phase transfer in human dendritic cells Covert human immunodeficiency virus replication in dendritic cells and in DC-SIGN-expressing cells promotes long-term transmission to lymphocytes Infection of dendritic cells (DCs), not DC-SIGN-mediated internalization of human immunodeficiency virus, is required for long-term transfer of virus to T cells DC-SIGN promotes exogenous MHC-I-restricted HIV-1 antigen presentation Dendritic cells and HIV-specific CD4 + T cells: HIV antigen presentation, T cell activation, viral transfer TLR activation triggers the rapid differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and dendritic cells Expression of DC-SIGN by dendritic cells of intestinal and genital mucosae in humans and rhesus macaques Constitutive and induced expression of DC-SIGN on dendritic cell and macrophage subpopulations in situ and in vitro Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of DC-SIGN expression inhibits human immunodeficiency virus transmission from dendritic cells to T cells DC-SIGN-mediated infectious synapse formation enhances X4 HIV-1 transmission from dendritic cells to T cells Recruitment of HIV and its receptors to dendritic cell-T cell junctions Blockade of attachment and fusion receptors inhibits HIV-1 infection of human cervical tissue Lentivirus degradation and DC-SIGN expression by human platelets and megakaryocytes DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets DC-SIGN on B lymphocytes is required for transmission of HIV-1 to T lymphocytes Association of DC-SIGN promoter polymorphism with increased risk for parenteral, but not mucosal, acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in CCR5, CCR2, stromal cell-derived factor-1, RANTES, and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin in seronegative individuals repeatedly exposed to HIV-1 A dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-related protein is highly expressed on human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and promotes HIV-1 infection CD209L


id: cord-000588-3wok0n21
author: Sainz, Juan
title: Dectin-1 and DC-SIGN Polymorphisms Associated with Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infection
date: 2012-02-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5519
sentence: 210
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-000588-3wok0n21.txt
txt: txt/cord-000588-3wok0n21.txt
summary:
  By the inclusion of functional prediction analyses, the correlation of genotypes with positive GM determinations and Dectin-1 mRNA expression levels, the study strongly supported the role of Dectin-1 gene variants in determining susceptibility to IPA infection. Our predictive analysis showed that the carriage of the C allele for the Dectin-1 rs7309123 SNP creates a putative binding site for Cdxa, a relatively unknown transcription factor, which might be involved in the control of Dectin-1 gene expression.


id: cord-022283-8ny6j1ny
author: Cuddon, Paul A
title: The weak and ataxic or paralyzed cat
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6128
sentence: 428
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-022283-8ny6j1ny.txt
txt: txt/cord-022283-8ny6j1ny.txt
summary:
  Most cats with spinal cord disease have a combination of both ataxia and paresis, since most myelopathies cause disruption of both the motor and sensory systems. Cats presenting solely with ataxia and paresis/paralysis most commonly have spinal cord disease.


id: cord-002058-rppsmirp
author: Carroll, Maria V.
title: Identification of four novel DC-SIGN ligands on Mycobacterium bovis BCG
date: 2010-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5999
sentence: 217
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-002058-rppsmirp.txt
txt: txt/cord-002058-rppsmirp.txt
summary:
  Bound proteins were eluted with buffer containing EDTA. The Sepharose was placed in a column and washed and bound proteins were eluted with 10 mM Hepes, 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA pH 7.4.


id: cord-002372-ody77u5n
author: Loh, So Hee
title: Animal lectins: potential receptors for ginseng polysaccharides
date: 2015-12-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6277
sentence: 261
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-002372-ody77u5n.txt
txt: txt/cord-002372-ody77u5n.txt
summary:
  Inflammation, cancer, and targets of ginseng Recent methodology in the phytochemical analysis of ginseng Structural and antiinflammatory characterization of a novel neutral polysaccharide from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) Total fractionation and analysis of polysaccharides from leaves of Panax ginseng Inflammation and native American medicine: the role of botanicals Bioactivity-guided identification and cell signaling technology to delineate the immunomodulatory effects of Panax ginseng on human promonocytic U937 cells Effect of CVT-E002 (COLD-fX) versus a ginsenoside extract on systemic and gut-associated immune function Immunomodulating activities of polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng Cytoprotective activity of pectic polysaccharides from the root of Panax ginseng Extractable polysaccharides of Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng) root stimulate TNFalpha production by alveolar macrophages Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions Efficacy and safety of ginseng newly identified compounds from ginseng, is novel lysophosphatidic acids-protein complexes and activates G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptors with high affinity Panax ginsengea non-organ-specific cancer preventive? Structure and biological activities of the polysaccharides from the leaves, roots and fruits of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: an overview Stimulation of nitric oxide synthesis by the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng root in RAW 264.7 cells Red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) in combination with IFN-gamma results in enhanced macrophage function through activation of the NF-kappaB pathway Bioactive polysaccharides from plants A proprietary extract from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) enhances IL-2 and IFNgamma productions in murine spleen cells induced by Con-A Total fractionation and characterization of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng CA Meyer Antitumor activities and immunomodulatory effects of ginseng neutral polysaccharides in combination with 5-fluorouracil Pectin-like acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng with selective antiadhesive activity against pathogenic bacteria Induction of secretory and tumoricidal activities in peritoneal macrophages by ginsan Immunostimulating effects of acidic polysaccharides extract of Panax ginseng on macrophage function Immunomodulatory activity of ginsan, a polysaccharide of Panax ginseng, on dendritic cells Acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, ginsan, induces Th1 cell and macrophage cytokines and generates LAK cells in synergy with rIL-2 Activation of multiple effector pathways of immune system by the antineoplastic immunostimulator acidic polysaccharide ginsan isolated from Panax ginseng Protective effect of ginseng polysaccharides on influenza viral infection High molecular weight polysaccharides are key immunomodulators in North American ginseng extracts: characterization of the ginseng genetic signature in primary human immune cells Characterization of two novel polysaccharides having immunological activities from the root of Panax ginseng Stimulation of interleukin-8 production by acidic polysaccharides from the root of Panax ginseng Enhancement of antitumor effects of paclitaxel (taxol) in combination with red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) Animal lectin activity is found in association with an astonishing diversity of primary structures [44] .


id: cord-017258-5mzr5s22
author: Kanazawa, Nobuo
title: C-Type Lectin Receptors
date: 2015-11-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6663
sentence: 230
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-017258-5mzr5s22.txt
txt: txt/cord-017258-5mzr5s22.txt
summary:
  HCV glycoprotein E2 is a novel BDCA-2 ligand and acts as in inhibitor of IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells Dcir deficiency causes development of autoimmune diseases in mice due to excess expansion of dendritic cells Collaborative induction of inflammatory responses by dectin-1 and toll-like receptor 2 Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells DC-SIGN-ICAM-2 interaction mediates dendritic cell trafficking Mycobacteria target DC-SIGN to suppress dendritic cell function Sef-and nonself-recognition by C-type lectins on dendritic cells Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif-bearing receptors regulate the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-induced activation of immune competent cells Blood-derived dermal langerin þ dendritic cells survey the skin in the steady state Activation of the innate immune receptor dectin-1 upon formation of a 'phagocytic synapse' Phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) is key component in dectin-2 signaling pathway, mediating anti-fungal innate immune responses C-type lectin DC-SIGN modulates tolllike receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-kappaB Dectin-1 directs T helper cell differentiation by controlling noncanonical NF-κB activation through Raf-1 and Syk Selective c-Rel activation via Malt1 controls anti-fungal T(H)-17 immunity by dectin-1 and dectin-2 Dectin-1 is an extracellular pathogen sensor for the induction and processing of IL-1-beta via a noncanonical caspase-8-inflammasome Card9 controls a non-TLR signaling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity A replication study confirms the association of dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) polymorphisms with ACPA-negative RA in a large Asian cohort Cloning and characterization of a novel ITIM containing lectin-like immunoreceptor LLIR and its two transmembrane region deletion variants Langerhans cells utilizes CD1a and langerin to efficiently present nonpeptide antigens to T cells Direct recognition of the mycobacterial glycolipid, treharose dimycolate, by C-type lectin Mincle BDCA-2 signaling inhibits TLR9-agonistinduced plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation and antigen presentation DCIR acts as an inhibitory receptor depending on its immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif Dendritic cell immunoactivating receptor, a novel C-type lectin immunoreceptor, acts as an activating receptor through association with Fc receptor γ chain Molecular cloning of human dectin-2 Dendritic cell immunoreceptors: C-type lectin receptors for pattern recognition and signaling on antigen-presenting cells Letterer-Siwe disease: immunopathologic study with a new monoclonal antibody The dectin-2 family of C-type lectin-like receptors: an update Animal lectins: a historical introduction and overview Cross-priming CD8 þ T cells by targeting antigens to human dendritic cells through DCIR The C-type lectin surface receptor DCIR acts as a new attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells and contributes to trans-and cis-infection pathways HIV-1 induces DCIR expression in CD4 þ T cells DCIR-mediated enhancement of HIV-1infection requires the ITIM-associated signal transduction pathway Mycobacterium abscessus activates the NLRP3 inflammasome via dectin-1-Syk and p62/SQSTM1 Neutrophils promote mycobacterial treharose dimycolate-induced lung inflammation via the Mincle pathway Association of arthritis with a gene complex encoding C-type lectin-like receptors Toll-like receptor 2-dependent induction of vitamin a-metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells promotes T regulatory responses and inhibits autoimmunity HIV-1 go120 inhibits TLR9-mediated activation and IFN-α secretion in plasmacytoid dendritic cells Association of DC-SIGN promoter polymorphism with increased risk for parenteral, but not mucosal, acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection A novel LPS-inducible C-type lectin is a transcriptional target of NF-IL6 in macrophages The carbohydrate-recognition domain of dectin-2 is a C-type lectin with specificity for high mannose Targeting DCIR on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells results in antigen presentation and inhibits IFN-alpha production DCIR is endocytosed into human dendritic cells and inhibits TLR8-mediated cytokine production Dendritic-cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin is essential for the productive infectionof human dendritic cells by mosquito-cell-derived dengue viruses Myeloid C-type lectin receptors in pathogen recognition and host defense The dermis contains langerin þ dendritic cells that develop and function independently of epidermal Langerhans cells Engagement of The mycobacterial cord factor adjuvant analogue treharose-6,6 0 -dibehenate (TDB) activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome DC-SIGN; a related gene, DC-SIGNR; and CD23 form a cluster on 19p13 Restoration of pattern recognition receptor costimulation to treat chromoblastomycosis, a chronic fungal infection of the skin Characterization of carbohydrate recognition by langerin, a C-type lectin of Langerhans cells Syk kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors engage protein kinase C-δ to elicit Card9 adaptor-mediated innate immunity Dectin-1 is required for beta-glucan recognition and control of fungal infection DC-SIGN (CD209) mediates dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells Dual specificity of Langerin to sulfated and mannosylated glycans via a single C-type carbohydrate recognition domain DC-SIGN is the major mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells


id: cord-022243-lahg6xlm
author: Parent, Joane M
title: The cat with a head tilt, vestibular ataxia or nystagmus
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7034
sentence: 472
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-022243-lahg6xlm.txt
txt: txt/cord-022243-lahg6xlm.txt
summary:
  As a result, middle ear disease may be present without neurological deficits. Signs of middle ear disease such as facial paresis/paralysis, decreased lacrimation and/or


id: cord-268902-npug5c8p
author: Liu, Yang
title: The Roles of Direct Recognition by Animal Lectins in Antiviral Immunity and Viral Pathogenesis
date: 2015-01-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6966
sentence: 264
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-268902-npug5c8p.txt
txt: txt/cord-268902-npug5c8p.txt
summary:
  Such lectin-based antiviral strategies are divided into two parts: (1) lectin-based immune activation and (2) blockade of lectin receptors against viral entry [129] . Differential glycosylation patterns of viral surface proteins strongly influence the efficiency of viral recognition by DC-SIGN/L-SIGN [59, 60] .


id: cord-266226-gxbrgy6g
author: Lee, Choongho
date: 2019-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7034
sentence: 356
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-266226-gxbrgy6g.txt
txt: txt/cord-266226-gxbrgy6g.txt
title:
  Griffithsin, a Highly Potent Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Lectin from Red Algae: From Discovery to Clinical Application

summary:
  Conversely, introducing glycosylation sites at N234 and N295 in HIV-1 clade C virus increased GRFT antiviral potency [25] . Since the antiviral activity of GRFT mainly depends on disrupting the biological functions of multiple mannose molecules on viral glycoproteins, a reduction in the glycosylation levels of a target protein can lead to GRFT resistance.


id: cord-344124-1ztyj0z4
author: Backovic, Marija
title: Virus entry: old viruses, new receptors
date: 2012-01-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7561
sentence: 275
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-344124-1ztyj0z4.txt
txt: txt/cord-344124-1ztyj0z4.txt
summary:
  They found that dNRAMP, the Drosophila ortholog of NRAMP, is required for virus infection. Recent Results Cancer Res Signalling through c-type lectin receptors: Shaping immune responses C-type lectin dcsign: an adhesion, signalling and antigen-uptake molecule that guides dendritic cells in immunity Measles virus targets dc-sign to enhance dendritic cell infection Role of dc-sign and l-sign receptors in hiv-1 vertical transmission L-sign (cd 209l) is a liver-specific capture receptor for hepatitis c virus Dc-sign and l-sign are high affinity binding receptors for hepatitis c virus glycoprotein e2 Hepatitis c virus glycoproteins interact with dc-sign and dc-signr Reading PC: N-linked glycosylation facilitates sialic acidindependent attachment and entry of influenza a viruses into cells expressing dc-sign or l-sign Dc-sign mediates avian h5n1 influenza virus infection in cis and in trans Dendritic cells mediate herpes simplex virus infection and transmission through the c-type lectin dc-sign Human cytomegalovirus binding to dcsign is required for dendritic cell infection and target cell trans-infection Ctype lectins dc-sign and l-sign mediate cellular entry by ebola virus in cis and in trans Dcsign and dc-signr interact with the glycoprotein of marburg virus and the s protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Ph-dependent entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is mediated by the spike glycoprotein and enhanced by dendritic cell transfer through dc-sign Dc-sign facilitates fusion of dendritic cells with human t-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected cells Dcsign mediates cell-free infection and transmission of human tcell lymphotropic virus type 1 by dendritic cells Dendritic-cellspecific icam3-grabbing non-integrin is essential for the productive infection of human dendritic cells by mosquitocell-derived dengue viruses Dc-sign (cd209) mediates dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells West nile virus discriminates between dc-sign and dc-signr for cellular attachment and infection Dcsign and l-sign can act as attachment receptors for alphaviruses and distinguish between mosquito cell-and mammalian cell-derived viruses Virus-receptor mediated transduction of dendritic cells by lentiviruses enveloped with glycoproteins derived from semliki forest virus Fields Virology Dc-sign as a receptor for phleboviruses


id: cord-253125-93r1aokh
author: Barreiro, Luis B.
date: 2006-04-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2721
sentence: 97
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-253125-93r1aokh.txt
txt: txt/cord-253125-93r1aokh.txt
title:
  DC-SIGN Interacts with Mycobacterium leprae but Sequence Variation in This Lectin Is Not Associated with Leprosy in the Pakistani Population

summary:
  In this view, DC-SIGN may be a key element in shaping an appropriate T-cell response against M. tuberculosis and possibly other mycobacteria, such as M. leprae. These results based on cold binding assays show that DC-SIGN preferentially recognizes M. leprae and M. tuberculosis, as compared to M. smegmatis.


id: cord-022575-ybj6lwdb
author: Platt, Simon R.
title: Vestibular Disorders
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9454
sentence: 504
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-022575-ybj6lwdb.txt
txt: txt/cord-022575-ybj6lwdb.txt
summary:
  Cerebellar dysfunction in conjunction with vestibular dysfunction implies central vestibular disease. Wave I represents acoustic nerve activity, and subsequent waves mark peak activities as sound is being processed through ascending portions of the auditory pathway ( Figure 56 Generally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is a useful adjunctive test for determination of the cause of central vestibular disease but rarely is specific.


id: cord-267269-05mezubh
author: Plazolles, N.
date: 2010-10-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8854
sentence: 351
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-267269-05mezubh.txt
txt: txt/cord-267269-05mezubh.txt
title:
  Pivotal Advance: The promotion of soluble DC‐SIGN release by inflammatory signals and its enhancement of cytomegalovirus‐mediated cis‐infection of myeloid dendritic cells

summary:
  The study in question shed new light on the molecular interactions that favor DC infection by CMV and especially the pivotal role played by DC-SIGN as a docking and internalizing receptor. Inter-individual variation in expression of DC-SIGN transcripts Most DC-SIGNR transcripts at mucosal HIV transmission sites are alternatively spliced isoforms DC-SIGN, but not sDC-SIGN, can modulate IL-2 production from PMAand anti-CD3-stimulated primary human CD4 T cells Human cytomegalovirus binding to DC-SIGN is required for dendritic cell infection and target cell trans-infection Human cytomegalovirus labeled with green fluorescent protein for live analysis of intracellular particle movements Human cytomegalovirus impairs dendritic cell function: a novel mechanism of human cytomegalovirus immune escape Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor ␣ B lymphocytes secrete antigenpresenting vesicles Sequence and expression of a membrane-associated C-type lectin that exhibits CD4-independent binding of human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 Determinants in the N-terminal domains of galectin-3 for secretion by a novel pathway circumventing the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex A novel secretory pathway for interleukin-1 ␤, a protein lacking a signal sequence Unconventional secretion of fibroblast growth factor 2 and galectin-1 does not require shedding of plasma membrane-derived vesicles Regulation of expression and secretion of galectin-3 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells CD34ϩ hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to GM-CSFϩTNF ␣ The structure of DC-SIGNR with a portion of its repeat domain lends insights to modeling of the receptor tetramer Structural requirements for multimerization of the pathogen receptor dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (CD209) on the cell surface Interplay between promoter and structural gene variants control basal serum level of mannan-binding protein Helicobacter pylori modulates the T helper cell 1/T helper cell 2 balance through phase-variable interaction between lipopolysaccharide and DC-SIGN DC-SIGN association with the Th2 environment of lepromatous lesions: cause or effect?


id: cord-267234-waz0k0ms
author: Shu, Chang
date: 2015-01-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4205
sentence: 125
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-267234-waz0k0ms.txt
txt: txt/cord-267234-waz0k0ms.txt
title:
  Characterization of the duplicate L-SIGN and DC-SIGN genes in miiuy croaker and evolutionary analysis of L-SIGN in fishes

summary:
  For fishes L-SIGN genes, no positive selection genes were detected in M2a and M8 model (Table 1) , but other ML methods detected positive selection sites in this group (Table 2) . So we found one positive selection site (287, Table 2 ) on fishes L-SIGN genes.


id: cord-287799-ridm3qd7
author: Martínez, María Guadalupe
title: S-layer proteins of Lactobacillus acidophilus inhibits JUNV infection
date: 2012-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3556
sentence: 136
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-287799-ridm3qd7.txt
txt: txt/cord-287799-ridm3qd7.txt
summary:
  Since 3T3 cells are poorly infect by JUNV in the absence of expression of C-type lectins this model provides a really strong tool to study the effect of S-layer protein on the infection enhanced by DC-SIGN or L-SIGN. To study the effect of S-layer protein on JUNV infection 3T3 cells and 3T3-derived stably expressing DC-SIGN and L-SIGN cells were incubated with different concentrations of S-layer protein, infected with JUNV and then cells expressing viral nucleoprotein (NP) were quantify.


id: cord-322617-znvikfza
author: Caparrós, Esther
title: Role of the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN in Leishmania interaction with host phagocytes
date: 2005-08-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3835
sentence: 97
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-322617-znvikfza.txt
txt: txt/cord-322617-znvikfza.txt
summary:
  In vitro cultivation and characterization of axenic amastigotes of Leishmania Comparison of receptors required for entry of Leishmania major amastigotes into macrophages Hierarchy of susceptibility of dendritic cell subsets to infection by Leishmania major: inverse relationship to interleukin-12 production Isolation of rat and human Kupffer cells by a modified enzymatic assay Leishmania amazonensis: cultivation and characterization of axenic amastigote-like organisms Proteophosphoglycans from Leishmania promastigotes and amastigotes Function and assembly of the Leishmania surface coat Leishmania major promastigotes inhibit dendritic cell motility in vitro CD209L (L-SIGN) is a receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus The vectorial competence of Phlebotomus sergenti is specific for Leishmania tropica and is controlled by species-specific, lipophosphoglycan-mediated midgut attachment DC-SIGN and L-SIGN can act as attachment receptors for alphaviruses and distinguish between mosquito cell-and mammalian cell-derived viruses Murine dendritic cells internalize Leishmania major promastigotes, produce IL-12 p40 and stimulate primary T cell proliferation in vitro Identification of the mycobacterial carbohydrate structure that binds the C-type lectins DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and SIGNR1 IL-12p70 production by Leishmania majorharboring human dendritic cells is a CD40/CD40 liganddependent process Leishmania priming of human dendritic cells for CD40 ligand-induced interleukin-12p70 secretion is strain and species dependent Divergent roles for C-type lectins expressed by cells of the innate immune system Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines A novel mechanism of carbohydrate recognition by the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR. I. Characterization of antigens associated with stage-and species-specific determinants DC-SIGNR, a DC-SIGN homologue expressed in endothelial cells, binds to human and simian immunodeficiency viruses and activates infection in trans Leishmania major lipophosphoglycan modulates the phenotype and inhibits migration of murine Langerhans cells ICAM-3)-grabbing nonintegrin in THP-1 human leukemic cells, monocytes, and macrophages Leishmania amazonensisdendritic cell interactions in vitro and the priming of parasite-specific CD4(+) T cells in vivo DC-SIGN (CD209) expression is IL-4 dependent and is negatively regulated by IFN, TGF-beta, and anti-inflammatory agents Leishmania and the macrophage: a marriage of inconvenience Evasion of innate immunity by parasitic protozoa The role of phosphoglycans in Leishmania-sand fly interactions Dendritic cells and immunity to leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin mediates binding and internalization of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia by dendritic cells and macrophages DC-SIGN; a related gene, DC-SIGNR; and CD23 form a cluster on 19p13 Lipophosphoglycan from Leishmania mexicana promastigotes binds to members of the CR3, p150,95 and LFA-1 family of leukocyte integrins The lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania parasites


id: cord-304720-0lgup7yj
author: Robbins, R.C.
title: Swine Diseases and Disorders
date: 2014-08-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12875
sentence: 715
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-304720-0lgup7yj.txt
txt: txt/cord-304720-0lgup7yj.txt
summary:
  A postmortem examination, or necropsy, of affected pigs should occur last. Bacteriologic isolation of a β-hemolytic strain of E. coli from affected pigs with meningoencephalitis is not sufficient for a diagnosis.


id: cord-271505-eot38721
author: Wang, Hongliang
title: Molecular pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome
date: 2006-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4963
sentence: 208
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-271505-eot38721.txt
txt: txt/cord-271505-eot38721.txt
summary:
  A DNA vaccine encoding S protein can elicit neutralizing antibodies and induce T cell response, which can protect mice from SARS infection Neutralizing antibodies (IgG) have been detected in SARS patients, suggesting that humoral immunity plays an important role in the elimination of the virus.


id: cord-300272-95o8yd7h
author: Thépaut, Michel
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6871
sentence: 211
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-300272-95o8yd7h.txt
txt: txt/cord-300272-95o8yd7h.txt
title:
  DC/L-SIGN recognition of spike glycoprotein promotes SARS-CoV-2 trans-infection and can be inhibited by a glycomimetic antagonist

summary:
  Even more noteworthy nowadays, DC-SIGN and L-SIGN (herein after collectively referred to as DC/L-SIGN) have also been reported to be involved in the enhancement of SARS-CoV-1 infection (Jeffers et al., 2004; Marzi et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2004) . Thus, their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection deserves attention and we focused on DC-SIGN and L-SIGN because of their involvement in SARS-CoV-1 infections (Jeffers et al., 2004; Marzi et al., 2004; Yang et al., 2004) .


id: cord-026009-rdhuc2n2
author: Anderson, Nancy L.
title: Pet Rodents
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14928
sentence: 1269
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt
txt: txt/cord-026009-rdhuc2n2.txt
summary:
  • Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, history, visualization of parasite, skin scrape, and cellophane tape test. • Clinical signs include erythema, pruritus, waxy debris, and excoriations behind the ears.


id: cord-022203-t2f0vr1w
author: Dowers, Kristy L
title: The pyrexic cat
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8911
sentence: 674
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt
txt: txt/cord-022203-t2f0vr1w.txt
summary:
  However, some cats do not develop detectable IgM titers, and in other cats, positive IgM titers can persist for months to years after infection. The condition, however, does not appear to be contagious to other cats.


id: cord-333655-lylt7qld
author: Van Breedam, Wander
title: Bitter‐sweet symphony: glycan–lectin interactions in virus biology
date: 2013-12-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18704
sentence: 492
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-333655-lylt7qld.txt
txt: txt/cord-333655-lylt7qld.txt
summary:
  Reading et al., 1997; Kase et al., 1999; Hartshorn et al., 2000; Hillaire et al., 2011) . Although SP-A may interact with some IAV isolates in a similar manner (Malhotra et al., 1994) , binding of this molecule to most of the IAV variants tested to date appears not to involve the lectin activity of SP-A; in contrast, virus binding depends on the interaction of the viral hemagglutinin with a sialylated N-glycan on the SP-A CRD (Hartshorn et al., 1994; Benne et al., 1995 Benne et al., , 1997 Hartshorn et al., 1997; van Eijk et al., 2003; Mikerov et al., 2008) .


id: cord-342936-43u7afl3
author: Balzarini, Jan
title: Targeting the glycans of glycoproteins: a novel paradigm for antiviral therapy
date: 2007
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11336
sentence: 388
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-342936-43u7afl3.txt
txt: txt/cord-342936-43u7afl3.txt
summary:
  Implications for multivalent ligand recognition An extensive and detailed overview of carbohydrate-binding proteins that interact with the HIV Structural basis for selective recognition of oligosaccharides by DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Insights into carbohydrate recognition by Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin: the crystal structure at 2 Å resolution in complex with α1-3 mannobiose Strucure of mannose-specific snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin is representative of a new plant lectin family A novel tetrameric lectin from Lycoris aurea with four mannose binding sites per monomer Mutational pathways, resistance profile, and side effects of Cyanovirin relative to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with N-glycan deletions in their gp120 envelopes Role of envelope glycoprotein carbohydrate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infectivity and virus-induced cell fusion Sugar-binding proteins potently inhibit dendritic cell human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and dendritic-cell-directed HIV-1 transfer Inhibition of HIV entry by carbohydratebinding proteins Carbohydrate-binding agents efficiently prevent dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-directed HIVHIV-1-1 DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) microbicide drug candidates to prevent HIV infection Maturation of blood derived dendritic cells enhances HIV-1 capture and transmission Dendritic cell-mediated trans-enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity is independent of DC-SIGN CD4 co-expression regulates DC-SIGNmediated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells Antibody domain exchange is an immunological solution to carbohydrate cluster recognition Glycobiology at Oxford. Structure analysis of refined complexes at 2.3 Å and 3.0 Å resolution Crystal structures of Urtica dioica agglutinin and its complex with triacetylchitotriose -3)-and α-(1-6)-D-mannosespecific plant lectins are markedly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infections in vitro The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epi pactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine) n -specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro Mannose-specific plant lectins from the Amaryllidaceae family qualify as efficient microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection Carbohydrate-binding agents cause deletions of highly conserved glycosylation sites in HIV gp120.


id: cord-021527-1etvgoxc
author: Ellis, Christine
title: Ferrets
date: 2009-05-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 22603
sentence: 1716
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt
txt: txt/cord-021527-1etvgoxc.txt
summary:
  If complete obstruction is present ferrets often appear lethargic and anorexic, and may not demonstrate obvious signs of dysuria. Other ferrets may develop nonpersistent, self-limiting disease and fully recover.


id: cord-023165-f6o6owg3
author: NAVARRE, CHRISTINE B.
title: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
date: 2009-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 24580
sentence: 1435
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt
txt: txt/cord-023165-f6o6owg3.txt
summary:
  Unlike in other small animals, contrast techniques are not practical for characterizing small intestinal problems in sheep and goats because the rumen dilutes and slows passage of the contrast media. Using EDTA tubes made for small animals or shaking excess EDTA out of large tubes resolves this problem.


id: cord-022520-ebj51v9o
author: Marini, Robert P.
title: Biology and Diseases of Ferrets
date: 2007-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 19517
sentence: 988
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt
txt: txt/cord-022520-ebj51v9o.txt
summary:
  Paper presented at the 90th Meeting of the American Veterinary Medical Association Salmonella infections in mink and ferrets The experimental transmission of a virus causing hypergammagloblinemia in mink: sources and modes in infection Meningeal cryptococcosis and congestive cardiomyopathy in a ferret The Biomedical Use of Ferrets in Research The Universities Federation for Animal Welfare Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals Endocrine factors in hematological changes seen in dogs and ferrets given estrogens Cryptosporidiosis in the dog and cat Dematologic diseases Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery A Practitioner's Guide to Rabbits and Ferrets Recurrent Mycobacterium bovis infection following a ferret bite Cell mediated immunity in ferrets: delayed dermal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor production Experimental transmission of Aleutian disease with urine Enteric coccidial infections Heartworm infections Treatment of proliferative colitis in ferrets Current Veterinary Therapy 11 Haematological and serum chemistry profiles of ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) Biology and Diseases of the Ferret Cutaneous lymphoma in a ferret (Mustela putoriusfuro) The pathogenesis, pathology, and diagnosis of the disease in experimentally infected ferrets The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals Derivation of gnotobiotic ferrets: perinatal diet and hand-rearing requirements Lack of detectable blood groups in domestic ferrets: implications for transfusion Distribution of technetium 99m-labeled red blood cells during isoflurane anesthesia in ferrets Ranitidine-bismuth citrate and clarithromycin, alone or in combination, for eradication of Helicobacter mustelae infection in ferrets The effect of isoflurane on hematologic variables in ferrets The Biomedical Use of Ferrets in Research Congenital malformations and variations in reproductive performance in the ferret: effects of maternal age, color, and parity Dirofilariasis in a ferret Dirofilariasis in a ferret Use of the ferret in cardiovascular research Current Therapy in Theriogenology Soft tissue surgery Demodiciasis in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)


id: cord-293151-g3758oes
author: Nemzek, Jean A.
title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs
date: 2015-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 30311
sentence: 1507
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt
txt: txt/cord-293151-g3758oes.txt
summary:
  Dogs have well developed olfactory glands, vision, and auditory and tactile senses that allow them to gain environmental cues and information from other dogs and humans (Field and Jackson, 2006; Joint Working Group on Refinement, 2004) . For example, from 3 to 8 weeks of age, puppies are most capable of learning about how to interact with other dogs.


id: cord-023367-ujflw19b
author: Newcomer, Benjamin W.
date: 2020-04-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 33192
sentence: 1870
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt
txt: txt/cord-023367-ujflw19b.txt
title:
  Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases) [Image: see text]

summary:
  No treatment is available for border disease infection. Because blood gas analysis and exclusion of other diseases often are impractical, the term floppy kid syndrome frequently is used by owners to refer to any kid that is weak and does not have an overt, organ-specific sign (e.g., diarrhea).


id: cord-021453-vf8xbaug
author: Dysko, Robert C.
title: Biology and Diseases of Dogs
date: 2007-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 42005
sentence: 2398
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt
txt: txt/cord-021453-vf8xbaug.txt
summary:
  Preventing laboratory animals from contacting ticks is the primary means to avoid monocytic ehrlichiosis in research dogs. For this reason, medical treatment of heartworm disease is not usually attempted in research dogs.


id: cord-022555-a7ie82fs
title: Digestive System, Liver, and Abdominal Cavity
date: 2011-12-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 66503
sentence: 3320
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt
txt: txt/cord-022555-a7ie82fs.txt
summary:
  The worm is transmitted to other cats that ingest the vomitus of an infected cat. Other cats should not be allowed to ingest infected vomit.


id: cord-267671-ys43n672
author: Whary, Mark T.
title: Biology and Diseases of Mice
date: 2015-07-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 63704
sentence: 3050
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt
txt: txt/cord-267671-ys43n672.txt
summary:
  If an endogenous retrovirus is still infectious to other mouse cell targets, it is termed ecotropic, whereas if it is no longer infectious for mouse cells, but can infect cells of other species, it is termed xenotropic. Recombinant viruses have recently been discovered that can infect mouse cells and heterologous cells and are associated with spontaneous leukemia development in high leukemia strains such as AKR mice.


id: cord-021555-rrverrsj
author: Delano, Margaret L.
title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle
date: 2007-09-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 71795
sentence: 4795
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt
txt: txt/cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt
summary:
  In less severe outbreaks or individual animal disease, definitive diagnosis may never be made. Therefore, they should be housed in groups or at least within eyesight and hearing of other animals.


id: cord-022526-j9kg00qf
author: Jones, Samuel L.
title: Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System
date: 2009-05-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 108877
sentence: 5274
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt
txt: txt/cord-022526-j9kg00qf.txt
summary:
  Abdominal radiographs are reserved for smaller horses and ponies. In addition, one may detect mineral opacity within the colon on abdominal radiographs, particularly in foals, ponies, and small horses.


id: cord-026031-hnf5vayd
author: Ford, Richard B.
title: Emergency Care
date: 2009-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 112481
sentence: 5970
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt
txt: txt/cord-026031-hnf5vayd.txt
summary:
  animal patients. The normal CVP for small animal patients is 0 to 5 cm H 2 O. Values less than zero are associated with absolute or relative hypovolemia.


