# bib

id: cord-345504-4d6rq9qj
author: Patel, Jay
title: Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2
date: 2020-05-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 355
sentence: 13
flesch: 44
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summary:
  key: cord-345504-4d6rq9qj authors: Patel, Jay title: Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-05-14 journal: J Dent Sci DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.05.005 sha: doc_id: 345504 cord_uid: 4d6rq9qj nan However, the authors make inaccurate references to the established transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2. Although the suggested infection control measures for oral healthcare settings seem practical, a thorough awareness of transmission routes is pre-requisite to devising effective advice.


id: cord-271343-0rrhiw9m
author: Hertzberg, Vicki Stover
title: On the 2-Row Rule for Infectious Disease Transmission on Aircraft
date: 2017-03-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1578
sentence: 73
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-271343-0rrhiw9m.txt
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summary:
  In addition to those described earlier, we identified 8 reports of respiratory infectious disease transmission on airplanes for which enough information was available to calculate post-flight attack rates inside and outside the 2-row transmission zone. Implicit in this guideline is that cabin airflow and passenger and crew movements play negligible roles in disease transmission.


id: cord-348192-ibohbjfb
author: Odih, Erkison E.
title: Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?
date: 2020-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2678
sentence: 90
flesch: 36
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summary:
  On the other hand, it is possible that only very high counts of SARS-CoV-2 would yield orally infectious doses. The ecological dynamics of fecal contamination and Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A in municipal Kathmandu drinking water The impact of combined sewage overflows on the viral contamination of receiving waters Slum health: arresting COVID-19 and improving well-being in urban informal settlements Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Environmental transmission of SARS at amoy gardens Leveraging Africa's preparedness towards the next phase of the COVID-19 pandemic Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage Pathogen surveillance in the informal settlement, Kibera, Kenya, using a metagenomics approach Letter to the editor: wastewater-based epidemiology can overcome representativeness and stigma issues related to COVID-19 The moment to see the poor Impact of rotavirus vaccination varies by level of access to piped water and sewerage: an analysis of childhood clinic visits for diarrhea in Peru SANITATION SHORTFALLS RISK SARS-CoV-2 FECO-ORAL TRANSMISSION


id: cord-261962-sfa9d1ux
author: Lei, H.
date: 2018-01-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2915
sentence: 115
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-261962-sfa9d1ux.txt
txt: txt/cord-261962-sfa9d1ux.txt
title:
  Routes of transmission of influenza A H1N1, SARS CoV, and norovirus in air cabin: Comparative analyses

summary:
  This work highlighted a method for using observed outbreak data to analyze the roles of different infection transmission routes. We compared the simulated relative importance of different transmission routes in 3 in-flight outbreaks with the reported spatial distribution of the secondary cases.


id: cord-256543-7kfi2yvu
author: de Graaf, Miranda
title: Sustained fecal-oral human-to-human transmission following a zoonotic event
date: 2016-11-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3323
sentence: 114
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-256543-7kfi2yvu.txt
txt: txt/cord-256543-7kfi2yvu.txt
summary:
  The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/ H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host Year in review 2015: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Noroviruses as a cause of diarrhea in immunocompromised pediatric hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients High prevalence of prolonged norovirus shedding and illness among hospitalized patients: a model for in vivo molecular evolution Persistent spiking fever in a child with acute myeloid leukemia and disseminated infection with enterovirus Infectious complications and vaccinations in the posttransplant population Prolonged influenza virus shedding and emergence of antiviral resistance in immunocompromised patients and ferrets Twentyeight years of poliovirus replication in an immunodeficient individual: impact on the Global Polio Eradication Initiative Host transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is controlled by virulence factors and indigenous intestinal microbiota This study showed that NTS strains of persistently infected humans acquired antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes Inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for expected mode of transmission Norwalk virus shedding after experimental human infection An outbreak of gastroenteritis and fever due to Listeria monocytogenes in milk Cell attachment protein VP8* of a human rotavirus specifically interacts with A-type histoblood group antigen Noroviruses and histoblood groups: the impact of common host genetic polymorphisms on virus transmission and evolution Hepatitis E: an emerging awareness of an old disease Molecular biology and replication of hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection of swine kidney cells in vitro is inhibited at multiple levels Human cryptosporidiosis in Europe Effect of sanitation and water treatment on intestinal protozoa infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis This systemic review and meta-analysis shows how lack of clean water is associated with increased risk of intestinal protozoa infection Pig Ascaris: an important source of human ascariasis in China Assessing the zoonotic potential of Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis: looking to the future from an analysis of the past From the twig tips to the deeper branches: new insights into evolutionary history and phylogeography of Ascaris Prophylactic treatment with the nucleoside analogue 2 0 -C-methylcytidine completely prevents transmission of norovirus Here, we present a framework of human-to-human transmission of zoonotic pathogens that considers the factors relevant for fecal-oral human-to-human transmission route at the levels of host, pathogen, and environment.


id: cord-308165-pk8d48hs
author: Olu, Olushayo Oluseun
date: 2020-10-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3719
sentence: 123
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt
txt: txt/cord-308165-pk8d48hs.txt
title:
  Moving from rhetoric to action: how Africa can use scientific evidence to halt the COVID-19 pandemic

summary:
  In this article, we review the relevant scientific literatures on the COVID-19 pandemic, and synthesize the relevant evidence that could potentially change the game in Africa's fight against the disease; finally we propose strategic recommendations for prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission in the Africa continent specifically. WHO recommends that all laboratory confirmed cases should be isolated and managed in health facility settings but where this is not possible priority should be given to cases with the probability of poor outcomes such as those aged above 60 years and with underlying medical conditions which put them at higher risk [35] . Recommendations for COVID-19 strategy development specific for the Africa continent Putting the above scientific evidences on the characteristics and dynamics of COVID-19 transmission, prevention and control into perspective against the backdrop of the social, cultural and economic context in Africa, we deduce several lessons which could guide African countries to better prepare for and respond to the COVID-19 pandemic on the continent.


id: cord-299720-f0ny4ur5
author: Kim, Seung Woo
date: 2017-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3916
sentence: 190
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-299720-f0ny4ur5.txt
txt: txt/cord-299720-f0ny4ur5.txt
title:
  Risk Factors for Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection During the 2015 Outbreak in South Korea

summary:
  Spreaders were defined as confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection that were epidemiologically suspected of transmitting MERS-CoV to 1 or more persons. [15] , which include persons who stayed in a room or ward with a confirmed case, who directly contacted respiratory secretions from confirmed cases, or who stayed within 2 m from the confirmed cases without wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.


id: cord-340357-gyvvcnuf
author: Fallahi, Hamid Reza
title: Being a front-line dentist during the Covid-19 pandemic: a literature review
date: 2020-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3825
sentence: 163
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-340357-gyvvcnuf.txt
txt: txt/cord-340357-gyvvcnuf.txt
summary:
  In: Roles of Host Gene and Non-coding RNA Expression in Virus Infection Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Genomic characterization and infectivity of a novel SARS-like coronavirus in Chinese bats Risk of hepatitis B virus transmission via dental handpieces and evaluation of an antisuction device for prevention of transmission The severe acute respiratory syndrome Chinese researchers reveal draft genome of virus implicated in Wuhan pneumonia outbreak Laboratory testing of 2019 novel coronavirus ( 2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases: interim guidance ADA releases coronavirus handout for dentists based on CDC guidelines: American Dental Association CDC reminds clinicians to use standard precautions, recommends isolating patients with coronavirus symptoms: American Dental Association Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Novel Coronavirus: American Dental Association 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva Ocular tropism of respiratory viruses First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice Going global-Travel and the 2019 novel coronavirus Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for lineage B Î²-coronaviruses A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A Quick Overview and Comparison with Other Emerging Viruses Transmission of blood-borne pathogens in US dental health care settings: 2016 update Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice Office of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. ACE2+ epithelial cells present in the salivary glands were considered one of the main targets of SARS coronavirus infection.


id: cord-279520-zccd1mq5
author: Christian, Michael D.
title: Possible SARS Coronavirus Transmission during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
date: 2004-02-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4053
sentence: 153
flesch: 39
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summary:
  Of particular concern are procedures performed on SARS patients that may aerosolize SARS-CoV and lead to limited airborne transmission or enhanced contact and droplet transmission (9) . On the basis of the results of this investigation and previous reports of SARS transmission during aerosol-generating procedures, a systematic approach to the problem is outlined, including the use of the following: 1) administrative controls, 2) environmental engineering controls, 3) personal protective equipment, and 4) quality control.


id: cord-004578-x6uatd7j
author: Breban, Romulus
title: Role of environmental persistence in pathogen transmission: a mathematical modeling approach
date: 2012-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4135
sentence: 192
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-004578-x6uatd7j.txt
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summary:
  key: cord-004578-x6uatd7j authors: Breban, Romulus title: Role of environmental persistence in pathogen transmission: a mathematical modeling approach date: 2012-03-01 journal: J Math Biol DOI: 10.1007/s00285-012-0520-2 sha: doc_id: 4578 cord_uid: x6uatd7j In this paper we use a paradigm model to show that environmental transmission appears like direct transmission in the case where the pathogen persists little time in the environment.


id: cord-276916-j53i5xfs
author: Kraemer, M. U. G.
title: Reconstruction and prediction of viral disease epidemics
date: 2018-11-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4088
sentence: 133
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-276916-j53i5xfs.txt
txt: txt/cord-276916-j53i5xfs.txt
summary:
  The Lancet Elsevier Ltd Big city, small world: density, contact rates, and transmission of dengue across Pakistan Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia Inference of R0 and transmission heterogeneity from the size distribution of stuttering chains Detecting differential transmissibilities that affect the size of self-limited outbreaks Using routine surveillance data to estimate the epidemic potential of emerging zoonoses: application to the emergence of US swine origin influenza A H3N2v virus How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers Similar impacts of control measures Practice of epidemiology a new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics Real-time estimates in early detection of SARS Exposure patterns driving Ebola transmission in West Africa: a retrospective observational study A Bayesian MCMC approach to study transmission of influenza: application to household longitudinal data Household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus in the United States Association between antibody titers and protection against influenza virus infection within households Household transmission of influenza virus Role of social networks in shaping disease transmission during a community outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza How social structures, space, and behaviors shape the spread of infectious diseases using chikungunya as a case study Quantifying influenza virus diversity and transmission in humans Mathematical modeling of the West Africa Ebola epidemic Real-time assessment of health-care requirements during the Zika virus epidemic in Martinique Temporal changes in Ebola transmission in Sierra Leone and implications for control requirements: a real-time modelling study Nextstrain: real-time tracking of pathogen evolution Ebola: the power of behaviour change Estimating the future number of cases in the Ebola epidemic -Liberia and Sierra Leone Probabilistic forecasting in infectious disease epidemiology: the 13th Armitage lecture Evaluating probabilistic dengue risk forecasts from a prototype early warning system for Brazil The RAPIDD Ebola forecasting challenge special issue: preface Results from the second year of a collaborative effort to forecast influenza seasons in the United States Real-time, portable genome sequencing for Ebola surveillance Genomic epidemiology reconstructs the introduction and spread of Zika virus in Central America and Mexico Emerging concepts of data integration in pathogen phylodynamics Unraveling the drivers of MERS-CoV transmission Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control Mapping residual transmission for malaria elimination Spatial and temporal dynamics of superspreading events in the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola epidemic Measuring the path toward malaria elimination Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential Global spread of dengue virus types: mapping the 70 year history Understanding herd immunity Use of serological surveys to generate key insights into the changing global landscape of infectious disease M. U. G. Kraemer http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-7147 Ebola virus disease in West Africathe first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections Zika virus in the Americas: early epidemiological and genetic findings Spread of yellow fever virus outbreak in Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo 2015-16: a modelling study The elimination of urban yellow fever in the Americas through the eradication of Aedes aegypti The hidden geometry of complex, network-driven contagion phenomena Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus Unifying viral genetics and human transportation data to predict the global transmission dynamics of human influenza H3N2 Spread of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus via global airline transportation Who's blueprint list of priority diseases Digital disease detection -harnessing the web for public health surveillance Updates to the zoonotic niche map of Ebola virus disease in Africa Mapping the zoonotic niche of Marburg virus disease in Africa Towards a genomics-informed, real-time, global pathogen surveillance system Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health The global distribution and burden of dengue Progress and challenges in infectious disease cartography Global distribution and environmental suitability for chikungunya virus Mapping global environmental suitability for Zika virus Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virus disease in Africa Mapping the zoonotic niche of Lassa fever in Africa Existing and potential infection risk zones of yellow fever worldwide: a modelling analysis Model-based projections of Zika virus infections in childbearing women in the Americas Assessing Seasonal Risks for the introduction and Mosquito-borne spread of Zika virus in Europe Potential for Zika virus introduction and transmission in resource limited countries in Africa and Asia-Pacific Assessment of the potential for international dissemination of Ebola virus via commercial air travel during the 2014 West African outbreak Zika virus transmission in Angola and the potential for further spread to other African settings Nowcasting the spread of chikungunya virus in the Americas Local and regional spread of chikungunya fever in the Americas Yellow Fever in Africa: estimating the burden of disease and impact of mass vaccination from outbreak and serological data The revised global yellow fever risk map and recommendations for vaccination, 2010: consensus of the informal WHO working group on geographic risk for yellow fever Global yellow fever vaccination coverage from 1970 to 2016: an adjusted retrospective analysis.


id: cord-307133-bm9z8gss
author: Kong, Lingcai
title: Modeling Heterogeneity in Direct Infectious Disease Transmission in a Compartmental Model
date: 2016-02-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4612
sentence: 200
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-307133-bm9z8gss.txt
txt: txt/cord-307133-bm9z8gss.txt
summary:
  The mathematics of infectious diseases Mathematical models of infectious disease transmission Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals Models of infectious diseases in spatially heterogeneous environments When individual behaviour matters: Homogeneous and network models in epidemiology Dynamical behavior of epidemiological models with nonlinear incidence rates Nonlinear transmission rates and the dynamics of infectious-disease Semi-empirical power-law scaling of new infection rate to model epidemic dynamics with inhomogeneous mixing The transmission dynamics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Predicting the impact of measles vaccination in England and Wales: Model validation and analysis of policy options An age-structured model of pre-and post-vaccination measles transmission Networks and epidemic models Networks and the epidemiology of infectious disease An agent-based model to study the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses Modeling and simulation for the spread of H1N1 influenza in school using artificial societies An agent-based spatially explicit epidemiological model in MASON [21, 22] ) with infectious individuals of the i-th susceptible person per unit time.


id: cord-285960-1zuhilmu
author: Conly, John
date: 2020-08-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4926
sentence: 149
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt
txt: txt/cord-285960-1zuhilmu.txt
title:
  Use of medical face masks versus particulate respirators as a component of personal protective equipment for health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

summary:
  Copenhagen: World Health Organization Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers Epidemiologic study and containment of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in a medical center in Kaohsiung The outbreak of SARS at Tan tock Seng hospital--relating epidemiology to control Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health-care workers -Toronto, Canada Control measures for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan Cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome among Toronto healthcare workers after implementation of infection control precautions: a case series Infection control and SARS transmission among healthcare workers World Health Organization.


id: cord-347262-q88g1561
author: Schutzer‐Weissmann, J.
date: 2020-07-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4759
sentence: 195
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt
txt: txt/cord-347262-q88g1561.txt
title:
  Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection risk during elective peri‐operative care: a narrative review

summary:
  Chung-Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Risk factors for SARS transmission from patients requiring intubation: A multicentre investigation in Toronto Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome during intubation and mechanical ventilation SARS among Critical Care Nurses Illness in intensive care staff after brief exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome Assessing the evidence base for medical procedures which create a higher risk of respiratory infection transmission from patient to healthcare worker COVID-19 and risks posed to personnel during endotracheal intubation Exposure to a surrogate measure of contamination from simulated patients by Emergency Department personnel wearing Personal Protective Equipment Toward understanding the risk of secondary airborne infection: emission of respirable pathogens Evaluation of bioaerosol exposures during hospital bronchoscopy examinations Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection? Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: The studies upon which the WHO list of aerosol-generating procedures is based do not provide any direct evidence that tracheal intubation itself increases the risk of SARS transmission.


id: cord-350519-3h5ipcwn
author: Paul, L. A.
title: Characteristics associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Ontario, Canada
date: 2020-10-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5195
sentence: 211
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt
txt: txt/cord-350519-3h5ipcwn.txt
summary:
  In this retrospective study of 26,152 confirmed cases of COVID-19 residing in 21,226 private households, we found that longer testing delays and male sex were associated with greater odds of household secondary transmission, while being a healthcare worker or linked to a known outbreak was associated with lower odds of household transmission. Existing individual-level observational studies of household transmission typically included household contacts identified through contact tracing.


id: cord-279443-2e4gz2bo
author: Khan, Suliman
title: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Required Developments in Research and Associated Public Health Concerns
date: 2020-06-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4944
sentence: 177
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt
txt: txt/cord-279443-2e4gz2bo.txt
summary:
  The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 Emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: biology and therapeutic options Development of animal models against emerging coronaviruses: from SARS to MERS coronavirus Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings Advice for the Public Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients Impact of PD-1 blockade on severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness (Older Adults) Association of COVID-19 infection with pregnancy outcomes in healthcare workers and general women Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn Team 2019-nCoV CDC response. Until now, researchers have unveiled some of the important biological and clinical features for COVID-19 infection, including the characterization of the whole genome (8) and spike glycoproteins (9) , investigation of clinical features and evaluation of different broad-spectrum antiviral drugs in combination with either antibacterial, antimalarial and/or traditional Chinese medicines (10) .


id: cord-283432-od5nnxvg
author: Morawska, Lidia
title: How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?
date: 2020-05-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5053
sentence: 140
flesch: 25
cache: cache/cord-283432-od5nnxvg.txt
txt: txt/cord-283432-od5nnxvg.txt
summary:
  For naturally ventilated public buildings, particularly in cold climates, other challenges will arise, but these can also be addressed in order to reduce the risk of airborne infection transmission. In a mechanically ventilated building, ventilation air is typically provided by a heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system.


id: cord-269505-7g8lio9l
author: Keesing, Felicia
title: Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases
date: 2010-12-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5349
sentence: 185
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-269505-7g8lio9l.txt
txt: txt/cord-269505-7g8lio9l.txt
summary:
  In systems like these, the loss of host species can actually increase transmission if the lost hosts are suboptimal for parasite development and reproduction; this is because these suboptimal hosts absorb pathogens but are poor at transmitting them. On the other hand, a greater diversity of host species can sometimes increase pathogen transmission by increasing the abundance of vectors 67 .


id: cord-351225-dq0xu85c
author: Poutanen, Susan M.
title: Transmission and control of SARS
date: 2004
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5588
sentence: 206
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-351225-dq0xu85c.txt
txt: txt/cord-351225-dq0xu85c.txt
summary:
  Respiratory droplet and direct contact are the primary modes of SARS transmission. This is a case-control study of 72 hospital workers with SARS and 144 matched controls assessing risk factors for transmission of SARS in Hong Kong Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome on aircraft Possible SARS coronavirus transmission during cardiopulmonary resuscitation Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health-care workers Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions Lack of SARS transmission among healthcare workers, United States Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers SARS infection among health care workers in Beijing, China Healthcare worker seroconversion in SARS outbreak Secondary household transmission of SARS Introduction of SARS in France SARS transmission, risk factors, and prevention in Hong Kong Investigation of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Toronto, Canada This is a description of the risks associated with four superspreading SARS events occurring in Beijing Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People's Republic of China Severe acute respiratory syndrome Combining clinical and epidemiologic features for early recognition of SARS


id: cord-306466-y4yg42p8
author: Nofal, Ahmed Maged
title: Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines?
date: 2020-10-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5729
sentence: 252
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt
txt: txt/cord-306466-y4yg42p8.txt
summary:
  Importantly, when adding controls in Model 2, we now find that extraversion negatively influences the tendency of people to comply with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines, meanwhile agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience positively influence the tendency of people to Big five personality traits and COVID-19 behavioral guidelines While we are cautious about causality issues given the cross-sectional nature of our data, we emphasize that COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines are a result of an exogenous shock (i.e. the sudden outbreak of COVID-19). key: cord-306466-y4yg42p8 authors: Nofal, Ahmed Maged; Cacciotti, Gabriella; Lee, Nick title: Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? date: 2020-10-08 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240396 sha: doc_id: 306466 cord_uid: y4yg42p8 During the past 6 months, the world has lost almost 950,000 lives because of the outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 31 million individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 worldwide.


id: cord-277173-zdft23q8
author: Cauchemez, Simon
title: Methods to infer transmission risk factors in complex outbreak data
date: 2012-03-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6671
sentence: 331
flesch: 55
cache: cache/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt
txt: txt/cord-277173-zdft23q8.txt
summary:
  key: cord-277173-zdft23q8 authors: Cauchemez, Simon; Ferguson, Neil M. title: Methods to infer transmission risk factors in complex outbreak data date: 2012-03-07 journal: J R Soc Interface DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0379 sha: doc_id: 277173 cord_uid: zdft23q8 Data collected during outbreaks are essential to better understand infectious disease transmission and design effective control strategies. We present a relatively generic statistical model for the estimation of transmission risk factors, and discuss algorithms to estimate its parameters for different levels of missing data.


id: cord-288303-88c6qsek
author: Paul, S. K.
title: On nonlinear incidence rate of Covid-19
date: 2020-10-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7368
sentence: 396
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-288303-88c6qsek.txt
txt: txt/cord-288303-88c6qsek.txt
summary:
  No specific functional form of transmission rate has been assumed. A single Convolutional LSTM model is created and trained to map multiple spatiotemporal features to transmission rate.


id: cord-327651-yzwsqlb2
author: Ray, Bisakha
title: Network inference from multimodal data: A review of approaches from infectious disease transmission
date: 2016-09-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7199
sentence: 299
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-327651-yzwsqlb2.txt
txt: txt/cord-327651-yzwsqlb2.txt
summary:
  The purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth analysis of multimodal infectious disease transmission network inference methods with a specific focus on Bayesian inference. In infectious disease transmission network inference, Bayesian inference frameworks have been primarily used to integrate data such as dates of pathogen sample collection and symptom report date, pathogen genome sequences, and locations of patients [24] [25] [26] .


id: cord-334021-ex4z2b75
author: Tupper, P.
date: 2020-10-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7708
sentence: 338
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt
txt: txt/cord-334021-ex4z2b75.txt
title:
  COVID-19's unfortunate events in schools: mitigating classroom clusters in the context of variable transmission

summary:
  If, instead, we are to maintain open schools, it is necessary to prevent large school transmission clusters, even if they are expected to be rare. We describe the contrasting literature on school transmission, and argue that the apparent discrepancy can be reconciled by heterogeneity, or ``overdispersion'' in transmission, with many exposures yielding little to no risk of onward transmission, but some unfortunate exposures causing sizeable onward transmission.


id: cord-264994-j8iawzp8
author: Fitzpatrick, Meagan C.
title: Modelling microbial infection to address global health challenges
date: 2019-09-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7107
sentence: 268
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-264994-j8iawzp8.txt
txt: txt/cord-264994-j8iawzp8.txt
summary:
  Projections of Ebola outbreak size and duration with and without vaccine use in Équateur Ebola vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus Estimated influenza illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths averted by vaccination in the United States Global epidemiology of avian influenza A H5N1 virus infection in humans, 1997-2015: a systematic review of individual case data The role of evolution in the emergence of infectious diseases Information technology and global surveillance of cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza Optimizing provider recruitment for influenza surveillance networks Influenza A (H7N9) and the importance of digital epidemiology Disease surveillance on complex social networks Optimizing infectious disease interventions during an emerging epidemic Optimizing influenza vaccine distribution Nine challenges in incorporating the dynamics of behaviour in infectious diseases models Evolutionary game theory and social learning can determine how vaccine scares unfold Department of Health & Human Services. By explicitly defining the nonlinear processes underlying infectious disease spread, transmission models illuminate these otherwise opaque systems.


id: cord-354254-89vjfkfd
author: Peng, Shanbi
date: 2020-08-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7521
sentence: 257
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-354254-89vjfkfd.txt
txt: txt/cord-354254-89vjfkfd.txt
title:
  The role of computational fluid dynamics tools on investigation of pathogen transmission: Prevention and control

summary:
  A Multi-zone Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation Analysis Software Tool Multi-zone modeling of probable sars virus transmission by airflow between flats in block e, amoy gardens Investigating a safe ventilation rate for the prevention of indoor sars transmission: an attempt based on a simulation approach Multi-zone simulation of outdoor particle penetration and transport in a multi-story building Significance of two-way airflow effect due to temperature difference in indoor air quality The transport of gaseous pollutants due to stack effect in high-rise residential buildings Air infiltration induced inter-unit dispersion and infectious risk assessment in a high-rise residential building Principles and applications of probability-based inverse modeling method for finding indoor airborne contaminant sources Experimental and numerical study on particle distribution in a two-zone chamber Model-based optimal control of a dedicated outdoor air-chilled ceiling system using liquid desiccant and membrane-based total heat recovery Identifying index (source), patient location of sars transmission in a hospital ward Airborne contagion and air hygiene: an ecological study of droplet infections An advanced numerical model for the assessment of airborne transmission of influenza in bus microenvironments Evaluation of airborne disease infection risks in an airliner cabin using the lagrangian-based wells-riley approach Cfd simulation of spread risks of infectious disease due to interactive wind and ventilation airflows via window openings in high-rise buildings Modelling the transmission of airborne infections in enclosed spaces Infection risk of indoor airborne transmission of diseases in multiple spaces Preventing airborne disease transmission: review of methods for ventilation design in health care facilities Risk assessment of airborne infectious diseases in aircraft cabins Risk of indoor airborne infection transmission estimated from carbon dioxide concentration A probabilistic transmission dynamic model to assess indoor airborne infection risks. key: cord-354254-89vjfkfd authors: Peng, Shanbi; Chen, Qikun; Liu, Enbin title: The role of computational fluid dynamics tools on investigation of pathogen transmission: Prevention and control date: 2020-08-31 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142090 sha: doc_id: 354254 cord_uid: 89vjfkfd Transmission mechanics of infectious pathogen in various environments are of great complexity and has always been attracting many researchers' attention.


id: cord-351905-tjcyvkcv
author: Mummah, Riley O.
title: Controlling emerging zoonoses at the animal-human interface
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7779
sentence: 254
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-351905-tjcyvkcv.txt
txt: txt/cord-351905-tjcyvkcv.txt
summary:
  eLife Middle East respiratory syndrome An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels Using modelling to disentangle the relative contributions of zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission: the case of Lassa fever Epidemiology and control of Lassa fever BT -Arenaviruses Measures to control protracted large Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria Community awareness and perception towards rodent control: implications for prevention and control of Lassa fever in urban slums of South-West Nigeria At home with mastomys and rattus: human-rodent interactions and potential for primary transmission of Lassa virus in domestic spaces Identifying postelimination trends for the introduction and transmissibility of measles in the United States Measles in the United States during the postelimination era The clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination to prevent measles importations among international travelers from the United States Nosocomial infections caused by Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a global perspective Infection prevention and control practice for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-a multi-center cross-sectional survey in Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan Estimation of the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV and its implication for public health interventions The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China Understanding the dynamics of Ebola epidemics Estimating the reproduction number of Ebola Virus (EBOV) during the 2014 outbreak in West Africa The basic reproductive number of Ebola and the effects of public health measures: the cases of Congo and Uganda Health care worker vaccination against Ebola: vaccine acceptance and employment duration in Sierra Leone Modeling the Impact of Interventions on an Epidemic of Ebola in Sierra Leone and Liberia. The preferred strategy depends on the level of resources available, which we quantify here by the proportional reduction in spillover that is achievable if all resources are devoted to spillover control (Fig. 5) .


id: cord-314325-nquov2i0
author: Murphy, F.A.
title: Epidemiology of Human and Animal Viral Diseases
date: 2008-07-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5496
sentence: 210
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-314325-nquov2i0.txt
txt: txt/cord-314325-nquov2i0.txt
summary:
  The risk of infection or disease in a population is determined by characteristics of the virus, the host, and the host population, as well as behavioral, environmental, and ecological factors that affect virus transmission from one host to another. The risk of infection or disease in a population is determined by characteristics of the virus, the host, and the host population, as well as behavioral, environmental, and ecological factors that affect virus transmission from one host to another.


id: cord-283485-xit6najq
author: Van Damme, Wim
title: The COVID-19 pandemic: diverse contexts; different epidemics—how and why?
date: 2020-07-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9634
sentence: 436
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt
txt: txt/cord-283485-xit6najq.txt
summary:
  Cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the French Alps Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany resulting from a single travelassociated primary case: a case series A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating personto-person transmission: a study of a family cluster High SARS-CoV-2 attack rate following exposure at a Choir practice Estimating the overdispersion in COVID-19 transmission using outbreak sizes outside China Why do some COVID-19 patients infect many others, whereas most don't spread the virus at all? What we already know The available information on SARS-CoV-2 and the spectrum of COVID-19 disease is summarised in tables 6 and 7.


id: cord-297625-eby014gm
author: L'Huillier, A.G.
title: Survival of rhinoviruses on human fingers
date: 2014-12-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2640
sentence: 102
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-297625-eby014gm.txt
txt: txt/cord-297625-eby014gm.txt
summary:
  Infections within families of employees during two fall peaks of respiratory illness Transmission of experimental rhinovirus infection by contaminated surfaces Rhinovirus transmission: one if by air, two if by hand An investigation of the possible transmission of rhinovirus colds through indirect contact Survival of human rhinovirus type 14 dried onto nonporous inanimate surfaces: effect of relative humidity and suspending medium Near disappearance of rhinovirus along a fomite transmission chain Role of infectious secretions in the transmission of rhinovirus Quantitative rhinovirus shedding patterns in volunteers Survival of influenza virus on human fingers An RNA replication-center assay for high content image-based quantifications of human rhinovirus and coxsackievirus infections Potential role of hands in the spread of respiratory viral infections: studies with human parainfluenza virus 3 and rhinovirus 14 Interruption of experimental rhinovirus transmission Efficacy of organic acids in hand cleansers for prevention of rhinovirus infections We thank all volunteers who participated in the experiments as well as Rosemary Sudan for editorial assistance. As rhinovirus transmission depends on the concentration of virus in secretions [4] , this supports expert opinion that aerosol or oral transmission is a rare event


id: cord-320560-yn3bbkdh
author: Kohanski, Michael A.
title: Review of indoor aerosol generation, transport, and control in the context of COVID‐19
date: 2020-07-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4519
sentence: 138
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-320560-yn3bbkdh.txt
txt: txt/cord-320560-yn3bbkdh.txt
summary:
  Herein we elaborate on known aerosol vs droplet properties indoor airflow and aerosol-generating events to provide context for risks of aerosol infectious transmission We also provide simple but typically effective measures for mitigating the spread and inhalation of viral aerosols in indoor settings Understanding principles of infectious transmission aerosol and droplet generation as well as concepts of indoor airflow will assist in the integration of new data on SARS-CoV-transmission and activities that can generate aerosol to best inform on the need for escala-Many otorhinolaryngology procedures involve instrumentation of respiratory mucosal surfaces and proximity to a patient's airway for a period ranging from minutes to hours, and there has been concern that many of these procedures may be aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) that increase the risk of contracting COVID-19 due to inhalation of airborne droplets or aerosols. Although long-range viral respiratory pathogen aerosol transmission is controversial and has not been definitively established as a common mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to date, principles associated with bulk airflow can be used to help minimize risks of aerosol transmission.


id: cord-336687-iw3bzy0m
author: Kraemer, M. U. G.
title: Big city, small world: density, contact rates, and transmission of dengue across Pakistan
date: 2015-10-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4520
sentence: 173
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-336687-iw3bzy0m.txt
txt: txt/cord-336687-iw3bzy0m.txt
summary:
  Again, however, more attention is needed to determine the spatial and temporal resolution of appropriate intervention strategies and the effects of key covariates and model parameters [62] . Indeed, analyses of dengue transmission dynamics at a variety of scales have strongly supported this hypothesis [32] [33] [34] [35] .


id: cord-315744-nr0fu2qb
author: Wang, Yu
date: 2020-05-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3502
sentence: 152
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt
txt: txt/cord-315744-nr0fu2qb.txt
title:
  Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China

summary:
  The risk of household transmission was 18 times higher with frequent daily close contact with the primary case (OR=18.26, 95% CI 3.93 to 84.79), and four times higher if the primary case had diarrhoea (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 15.60). The risk of household transmission was 18 times higher with frequent daily close contact with the primary case (OR=18.26, 95% CI 3.93 to 84.79), and four times higher if the primary case had diarrhoea (OR=4.10, 95% CI 1.08 to 15.60).


id: cord-263764-2ewz8ok4
author: Kutter, Jasmin S
title: Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans
date: 2018-01-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4392
sentence: 186
flesch: 34
cache: cache/cord-263764-2ewz8ok4.txt
txt: txt/cord-263764-2ewz8ok4.txt
summary:
  Our observations underscore the urgent need for new knowledge on respiratory virus transmission routes and the implementation of this knowledge in infection control guidelines to advance intervention strategies for currently circulating and newly emerging viruses and to improve public health. Unfortunately, terms and definitions of respiratory transmission routes and isolation guidelines are not always used in a uniform way, leaving room for personal interpretation.


id: cord-311382-ioemd0ij
author: Tellier, Raymond
title: Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary
date: 2019-01-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5341
sentence: 183
flesch: 32
cache: cache/cord-311382-ioemd0ij.txt
txt: txt/cord-311382-ioemd0ij.txt
summary:
  An epidemiologic study of radiant disinfection of air in day schools Airborne spread of measles in a suburban elementary school Measles outbreak in a pediatric practice: airborne transmission in an office setting Airborne transmission of measles in a physician's office Aerial Dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis a two year study of contagion in a tuberculosis ward Ultraviolet irradiation of infected air: comparative infectiousness of different patients The infectiousness of tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV Spread of tuberculosis via recirculated air in a naval vessel: the Byrd study Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis associated with a draining abscess Transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis during a long airplane flight Upper-room ultraviolet light and negative air ionization to prevent tuberculosis transmission What was the primary mode of smallpox transmission? Implications for biodefense Front Cell Infect Microbiol An airborne outbreak of smallpox in a German hospital and its significance with respect to other recent outbreaks in Europe Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome on aircraft Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Severe acute respiratory syndrome vs. the Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in travelers Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission First cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission Transmission characteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: a comparative study A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirusassociated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Kinetics and pattern of viral excretion in biological specimens of two MERS-CoV cases Respiratory tract samples, viral load, and genome fraction yield in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome Differential expression of the MERS-coronavirus receptor in the upper respiratory tract of humans and dromedary camels Review of aerosol transmission of influenza a virus Aerosol transmission of influenza a virus: a review of new studies Airborne transmission of influenza: implications for control in healthcare and community settings Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza a virus spread Human influenza resulting from aerosol inhalation The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents Interim Guidance for the Use of Masks to Control Influenza Transmission Characterization of Aerosols Generated During Patient Care Activities Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study Exhalation of respiratory viruses by breathing, coughing, and talking Viable influenza a virus in airborne particles from human coughs Viable influenza a virus in airborne particles expelled during coughs vs. Exhalations Influenza Other Respir Viruses EMIT Consortium Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza a viruses measured indoors at a health Centre, a day-care Centre and on aeroplanes Exposure to influenza virus aerosols during routine patient care Quantification of Influenza Virus RNA in Aerosols in Patient Rooms Absence of detectable influenza RNA transmitted via aerosol during various human respiratory activities--experiments from Singapore and Hong Kong Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks Establishment and clinical applications of a portable system for capturing influenza viruses released through coughing Exhaled aerosol transmission of pandemic and seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in the ferret Transmission of viral respiratory infections in the home Epidemiology and prevention of pediatric viral respiratory infections in health-care institutions Influenza in the acute hospital setting Transmission of influenza: implications for control in health care settings


id: cord-299828-fb84rtmx
author: Joseph, Maxwell B.
title: Taming wildlife disease: bridging the gap between science and management
date: 2013-04-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6625
sentence: 227
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-299828-fb84rtmx.txt
txt: txt/cord-299828-fb84rtmx.txt
summary:
  Simultaneously, wildlife disease management (WDM) presents opportunities for large‐scale empirical tests of disease ecology theory in diverse natural systems. Theoretical concepts that have received limited attention to date in wildlife disease management could provide a basis for improving management and advancing disease ecology in the future.


id: cord-316126-j51dik7f
author: Zhang, X. Sophie
date: 2020-10-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12443
sentence: 363
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt
txt: txt/cord-316126-j51dik7f.txt
title:
  SARS-CoV-2 and Health Care Worker Protection in Low-Risk Settings: a Review of Modes of Transmission and a Novel Airborne Model Involving Inhalable Particles

summary:
  Recently, the WHO has acknowledged that short-range aerosol transmission, particularly in specific indoor locations, such as crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces over a prolonged period of time with infected persons cannot be ruled out but specifies that the significance of COVID-19 airborne transmission has not been convincingly demonstrated and requires further research (1) . World Health Organization Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) SARS among critical care nurses Intubation of SARS patients: infection and perspectives of healthcare workers Illness in intensive care staff after brief exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome Lack of SARS transmission among healthcare workers, United States Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers SARS-CoV-2 in environmental samples of quarantined households Relative contributions of transmission routes for COVID-19 among healthcare personnel providing patient care Aerosol and surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 observed in quarantine and isolation care Investigating SARS-CoV-2 surface and air contamination in an acute healthcare setting during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in London Environmental and aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalized COVID-19 patients 2020.


id: cord-003767-9xbu4hnq
author: Slingenbergh, Jan
date: 2019-05-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6289
sentence: 274
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-003767-9xbu4hnq.txt
txt: txt/cord-003767-9xbu4hnq.txt
title:
  Animal Virus Ecology and Evolution Are Shaped by the Virus Host-Body Infiltration and Colonization Pattern

summary:
  Less attention is given to why and how virus fitness results from the success of virus transmission. Virus circulation in the bloodstream may enable virus transmission via needles or arthropod vectors [10] .


id: cord-253252-s8fm5rfa
author: Jayaweera, Mahesh
date: 2020-06-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 14122
sentence: 431
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt
txt: txt/cord-253252-s8fm5rfa.txt
title:
  Transmission of COVID-19 virus by droplets and aerosols: A critical review on the unresolved dichotomy

summary:
  With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many researchers have been in the development of effective filtering mechanisms to combat SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosol transmission; however, until early May 2020, there have been no promising PPE developed to curtail such transmission. Morawska (2006) has presented a classification for virus transmission, including human-human transmission, airborne transmission, and other means of transmission such as endogenous infection, common vehicle, and vector spread.


id: cord-219107-klpmipaj
author: Zachreson, Cameron
title: Risk mapping for COVID-19 outbreaks using mobility data
date: 2020-08-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5908
sentence: 195
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt
txt: txt/cord-219107-klpmipaj.txt
summary:
  Our general method is to use an Origin-Destination (OD) matrix based on Facebook mobility data to estimate the diffusion of transmission risk based on one or more identified outbreak sources. Our results indicate that mobility data can be a good predictor of geographic patterns of exposure risk from transmission centres, particularly in scenarios involving workplaces or other environments associated with habitual travel patterns.


id: cord-308089-q2w9fb0i
author: Ewald, Paul W.
title: Evolution of virulence
date: 2005-03-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5407
sentence: 199
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-308089-q2w9fb0i.txt
txt: txt/cord-308089-q2w9fb0i.txt
summary:
  Though this idea has not been tested directly, geographic variations in virulence and the demonstrated effect of vector proofing of houses on disease transmission suggests that it will work [17] . Theory about the evolution of virulence is fundamentally different for chronic infectious diseases than for acute infectious diseases.


id: cord-003490-swlkjtyo
author: Arzt, Jonathan
title: Quantitative impacts of incubation phase transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus
date: 2019-02-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7451
sentence: 263
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-003490-swlkjtyo.txt
txt: txt/cord-003490-swlkjtyo.txt
summary:
  However, under the given circumstances, the outcome of the outbreak simulations included herein serve to emphasize the critical impact that the occurrence of disease transmission during the incubation phase may have on the magnitude of an FMD outbreak. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ of published experimental investigations that were not originally designed to assess disease transmission 25, 26 .


id: cord-004971-jwpb7862
author: Kagan, Lori J.
title: The Role of the Home Environment in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases
date: 2002
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7167
sentence: 305
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-004971-jwpb7862.txt
txt: txt/cord-004971-jwpb7862.txt
summary:
  In this study, a variety of home hygiene practices in 398 households were examined, including personal hygiene, food handling and general cleaning and laundry practices. It is our intention that this information will provide perspective regarding microbial risks in the home environment and a basis for developing more appropriate strategies for home hygiene based on what has been shown to effectively reduce infection risk rather than on fear or speculation.


id: cord-347351-emdj66vj
author: Kampf, Günter
date: 2020-09-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10293
sentence: 382
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt
txt: txt/cord-347351-emdj66vj.txt
title:
  Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2

summary:
  [Chinese journal of preventive medicine Indirect Virus Transmission in Cluster of COVID-19 Cases Familial cluster of COVID-19 infection from an asymptomatic Potential Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic and Human-to-Human Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a 2-Family Cluster Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19 The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate COVID-19 transmission through asymptomatic carriers is a challenge to containment. Table III summarizes the frequency and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA loads in respiratory tract samples obtained from COVID-19 patients.


id: cord-277818-8w15dz20
author: Jaichenco, Andre L.
title: Infectious Disease Considerations for the Operating Room
date: 2018-02-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9732
sentence: 372
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-277818-8w15dz20.txt
txt: txt/cord-277818-8w15dz20.txt
summary:
  Gloves protect patients by reducing health care provider hand contamination and the subsequent transmission of pathogens to other children, provided the gloves are changed after providing care to each child. 10 Direct and indirect contacts are the most significant and frequent methods of hospital infection transmission.


id: cord-303651-fkdep6cp
author: Thompson, Robin N.
title: Key questions for modelling COVID-19 exit strategies
date: 2020-08-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11573
sentence: 462
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt
txt: txt/cord-303651-fkdep6cp.txt
summary:
  Adjusting COVID-19 deaths to account for reporting delay Using mobility to estimate the transmission intensity of COVID-19 in Italy: a subnational analysis with future scenarios A note on generation times in epidemic models Serial interval of SARS-CoV-2 was shortened over time by nonpharmaceutical interventions Using information theory to optimise epidemic models for real-time prediction and estimation An exact method for quantifying the reliability of end-of-epidemic declarations in real time. The effects of local spatial structure on epidemiological invasions Pair approximations for spatial structures? Management of invading pathogens should be informed by epidemiology rather than administrative boundaries UK Government Office for National Statistics Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study SARS-CoV-2 infection among travelers returning from Wuhan 2020 The probability of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva Mathematics of epidemics on networks: from exact to approximate models Epidemic processes in complex networks A novel field-based approach to validate the use of network models for disease spread between dairy herds Analysis of a stochastic SIR epidemic on a random network incorporating household structure Reproduction numbers for epidemic models with households and other social structures II: comparisons and implications for vaccination Reproductive numbers, epidemic spread and control in a community of households Reproduction numbers for epidemic models with households and other social structures.


id: cord-355024-v5lahyw4
author: van Seventer, Jean Maguire
title: Principles of Infectious Diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control
date: 2016-10-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10081
sentence: 362
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-355024-v5lahyw4.txt
txt: txt/cord-355024-v5lahyw4.txt
summary:
  Other types of vehicles for infectious disease agents are biologic products (e.g., blood, organs for transplant) and fomites (inanimate objects such as needles, surgical instruments, door handles, and bedding). Inanimate matter in the environment, such as soil and water, can also act as a reservoir of human infectious disease agents.


id: cord-304013-nzigx0k0
author: Lipinski, Tom
date: 2020-09-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12837
sentence: 476
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt
txt: txt/cord-304013-nzigx0k0.txt
title:
  Review of ventilation strategies to reduce the risk of disease transmission in high occupancy buildings

summary:
  Bidirectional ventilation system Natural ventilation relies on natural driving forces. The British standards BS EN 16798-3:2017 defines 4 basic types of ventilation systems:


id: cord-022103-4zk8i6qb
author: Siegel, Jane D.
title: Pediatric Healthcare Epidemiology
date: 2017-07-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 12636
sentence: 434
flesch: 23
cache: cache/cord-022103-4zk8i6qb.txt
txt: txt/cord-022103-4zk8i6qb.txt
summary:
  A systematic evaluation Outbreak of extended-spectrum betalactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit linked to artificial nails Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreaks in the neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review of risk factors and environmental sources Preventing the spread of pertussis in pediatric healthcare settings Healthcare providers as sources of vaccine-preventable diseases Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia Multicenter evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray gastrointestinal panel for etiologic diagnosis of infectious gastroenteritis The prevalence and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization in a pediatric intensive care unit Recognition and prevention of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in the intensive care unit Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections in a European tertiary pediatric hospital during a 12-month period Trends in Candida central line-associated bloodstream infections among NICUs Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America Empiric antifungal therapy and outcomes in extremely-low-birth-weight infants with invasive candidiasis Necessary infrastructure of infection prevention and healthcare epidemiology programs: a review Patient safety: infection control: a problem for patient safety Guidance for infection prevention and healthcare epidemiology programs: healthcare epidemiologist skills and competencies New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli associated with exposure to duodenoscopes Fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone injections The scientific basis for using surveillance and risk factor data to reduce nosocomial infection rates Feeding back surveillance data to prevent hospital-acquired infections Statistical process control as a tool for research and healthcare improvement National Healthcare Safety Network report, data summary for 2013, device-associated module Lack of patient understanding of hospitalacquired infection data published on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Compare website Compliance with prevention practices and their association with central line-associated blood stream infections in neonantal intensive care units Guidance on public reporting of healthcareassociated infections: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Reconsidering contact precautions for endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus Approaches for preventing healthcareassociated infections: go long or go wide? Oversight of risk assessment and implementation of preventive measures associated with construction, renovation, and other environmental conditions associated with increased infection risk 6.


id: cord-015884-mtpbzgr9
author: Haynes, Alice
title: Current Practices for Infection Prevention in the Hospital Settings
date: 2013-08-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3218
sentence: 130
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-015884-mtpbzgr9.txt
txt: txt/cord-015884-mtpbzgr9.txt
summary:
  The concept of cohorting, allowing patients with communicable diseases to be housed in the same room as other patients, was fi rst applied in the Providence City Hospital [ 5 ] . This combination of PPE can also impact the safety of other patients that are being cared for by the same healthcare worker and may potentially be exposed to pathogens that can be transported to them on the caregiver's clothing.


id: cord-245161-xbw72k4m
author: Castano, Nicolas
title: Fomite transmission and disinfection strategies for SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses
date: 2020-05-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11563
sentence: 501
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-245161-xbw72k4m.txt
txt: txt/cord-245161-xbw72k4m.txt
summary:
  67 Plaque assays involve culturing cells that are susceptible to virus infection in a titration of the collected virus samples, monitoring the cytopathic effects, and counting plaque forming units (PFU). The long persistence of viruses (hours to days) on surfaces calls for an urgent need for surface disinfection strategies to intercept virus transmission and the spread of the disease.


id: cord-022237-qxya4cs3
author: Bryant, Everett
title: Biology and Diseases of Birds
date: 2013-11-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13401
sentence: 1114
flesch: 58
cache: cache/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt
txt: txt/cord-022237-qxya4cs3.txt
summary:
  Chickens, turkeys, and other birds require the six major nu trients: carbohydrates for energy, fats for energy and essential fatty acids, protein for meat and egg production, minerals for bones and shells, vitamins for chemical catalysts, and water. Poultry and other birds are easily startled.


id: cord-276758-k2imddzr
author: Siegel, Jane D.
date: 2007-12-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 46244
sentence: 1735
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt
txt: txt/cord-276758-k2imddzr.txt
title:
  2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings

summary:
  Infection transmission risks are present in all hospital settings. 480, 481 Opportunites exist to conduct research in home care related to infection transmission risks.


id: cord-305085-bv7udg9k
author: Lawrence, Robert M.
title: Chapter 13 Transmission of Infectious Diseases Through Breast Milk and Breastfeeding
date: 2011-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 45867
sentence: 1908
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt
txt: txt/cord-305085-bv7udg9k.txt
summary:
  Experience from the Finnish HPV family study Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, including necrotizing fasciitis and myositis Late-onset septicemia in a Norwegian national cohort of extremely premature infants receiving very early full human milk feeding Hepatitis A outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit: Risk factors for transmission and evidence of prolonged viral excretion among preterm infants Characterization of a novel corona virus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its relationship to infant infection and maternal disease Attempts to detect RNA tumour virus in human milk Is breast milk collected at home suitable for raw consumption by neonates in Brizilian public neonatal intensive care units? Prevalence of HIV-1 DNA and p24 antigen in breast milk and correlation with maternal factors Follow-up of transmission of hepatitis C to babies of human immunodeficiency virus-negative women: The role of breastfeeding in transmission Occurrence of acute diarrhea in atopic and nonatopic infants: role of prolonged breast-feeding An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit Hospital transmission of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among postpartum women Removal of inhibitors against RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity in human milk Effect of human milk on mouse mammary tumor virus Human papillomavirus DNA detected in breast milk Control of a cluster of a community-associated methicillin-resistant Stahpylococcus aureus in neonatology Immunoglobulin prophylaxis against milkborne transmission of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 in rabbits Chlamydial infections Pregnancy and pulmonary tuberculosis Possible breast milk transmission of group B streptococcal infection Evidence for transmission of lymphocyte responses to tuberculin by breast-feeding, Lancet I:529 Toxic shock syndrome Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by PCR in the urine and breast milk of patients with Lyme borreliosis Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. One case of brucellosis in an infant caused by breast milk transmission, with B. melitensis isolated from the breast milk, before antibiotic treatment was given to the mother has been documented.


# ent

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sid: 1391
eid: 1
type: ORG
entity:
  www.aana.com/news.aspx?ucnavmenu_tsmenutargetid5171& ucnavmenu_tsmenutargettype54&ucnavmenu_tsmenuid56& id51613


