item: #1 of 191
          id: cord-000029-qww6pe61
      author: Blumenshine, Philip
       title: Pandemic Influenza Planning in the United States from a Health Disparities Perspective
        date: 2008-05-17
       words: 4457
      flesch: 24
     summary: T he threat of pandemic infl uenza has generated concern among politicians, policy makers, healthcare professionals, and the general public. Evidence from previous outbreaks suggests that antiviral drugs may be effective for treatment (26) and prevention (27) of pandemic infl uenza, and current antiviral drugs seem to be biologically effective against 1918 and 1918like viruses (28) .
    keywords: care; disparities; groups; health; income; infl; pandemic; persons; uenza
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        item: #2 of 191
          id: cord-000463-31q7ftnd
      author: Jombart, T
       title: Reconstructing disease outbreaks from genetic data: a graph approach
        date: 2010-06-16
       words: 5095
      flesch: 39
     summary: In particular, genetic data coupled with dates and locations of sampled isolates can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of pathogens during outbreaks. By definition, these methods are thus unable to uncover ancestries between sampled isolates, and can fail to reconstruct the transmission tree of an emerging pathogen (Figures 1a-c) .
    keywords: data; et al; figure; influenza; isolates; pandemic; seqtrack; transmission
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        item: #3 of 191
          id: cord-001197-bhlxglyd
      author: Olival, Kevin J.
       title: Linking the Historical Roots of Environmental Conservation with Human and Wildlife Health
        date: 2013-09-28
       words: 2069
      flesch: 39
     summary: Economic importance of bats in agriculture Emerging infectious diseases of wildlif: threats to biodiversity and human health The emergence of Nipah and Hendra virus: pathogen dynamics across a wildlife-livestock-human continuum An emerging disease causes regional population collapse of a common North American bat species The Morning After Earth Day Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change Global trends in emerging infectious diseases Zoonoses 1 Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories Sociality, density-dependence and microclimates determine the persistence of populations suffering from a novel fungal disease, white-nose syndrome Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis The Century Company Murray KA, Daszak P (2013) Human ecology in pathogenic landscapes: two hypotheses on how land use change drives viral emergence Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal batborne zoonosis Report on the Last Two Cholera-Epidemics of London, as Affected by the Consumption of Impure Water, London: The General Board of Health Now our major concern is no longer with the disease organisms that once were omnipresent; sanitation, better living conditions, and new drugs have given us a high degree of control over infectious disease.
    keywords: conservation; disease; environmental; health; human; pollution
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        item: #4 of 191
          id: cord-001800-644lf8vn
      author: Biggerstaff, Matthew
       title: Estimating the Potential Effects of a Vaccine Program Against an Emerging Influenza Pandemic—United States
        date: 2015-05-01
       words: 4495
      flesch: 36
     summary: Also important is the need to identify ways to invest in improvements that will notably increase the capacity to administer large number of doses of pandemic influenza vaccine. Factors that may impact vaccine dose availability include how soon we develop an appropriate vaccine virus candidate, growth characteristics of vaccine virus candidates, influenza vaccine production capacity, efficiency of vaccine allocation and distribution, and vaccine administration capacity.
    keywords: doses; hospitalizations; influenza; pandemic; vaccine; weeks
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        item: #5 of 191
          id: cord-002769-7xp143nc
      author: Crook, Paul
       title: Lack of Secondary Transmission of Ebola Virus from Healthcare Worker to 238 Contacts, United Kingdom, December 2014
        date: 2017-12-17
       words: 1935
      flesch: 48
     summary: There is international guidance for followup of aircraft contacts of case-patients with EVD (3) (4) (5) . We used preexisting guidance (6) to classify classified contacts according to their degree of exposure to the case-patient and to other persons with EVD on the basis of the degree of infectiousness and physical contact (Table) .
    keywords: case; contacts; ebola; health; patient
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        item: #6 of 191
          id: cord-003970-3e58229u
      author: Paploski, Igor Adolfo Dexheimer
       title: Temporal Dynamics of Co-circulating Lineages of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
        date: 2019-11-01
       words: 8414
      flesch: 33
     summary: While the existence of PRRSV lineages is well established, the dynamics of their cocirculation within a given region has not been well documented. Reports that show the waxing and waning of different viral types in the whole North America (Shi et al., 2010b) are helpful when understanding continent-wide status of PRRSV lineages.
    keywords: data; et al; farms; immune; infection; lineages; porcine; prrsv; sequences; states; syndrome; united; virus
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        item: #7 of 191
          id: cord-004227-lp63i56o
      author: Sofat, Reecha
       title: Drug and therapeutics committees as guardians of safe and rational medicines use
        date: 2019-10-18
       words: 1357
      flesch: 43
     summary: Now NICE has been established for 20 years, the committee has been largely relieved of the burden of making complex assessments of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of newly licensed drugs; regional medicines optimization committees may also remove some of the decisions from local committees. [7] [8] [9] When it comes to new or off-label medicines, the committee can help protect patients from poorly founded claims for new medicines, and the organization from the financial burden of a medicine with only marginal benefits but substantially higher costs.
    keywords: committee; medicines; therapeutics; use
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        item: #8 of 191
          id: cord-005227-74ycwmyg
      author: Richardson, Jacques G.
       title: The bane of “inhumane” weapons and overkill: An overview of increasingly lethal arms and the inadequacy of regulatory controls
        date: 2004
       words: 12246
      flesch: 49
     summary: The Chinese government even claimed that Japanese chemical weapons were used more than 2,000 times in China against both military and civilians, taking the lives of 80,000 civilians. Whereas the living germs stored in biological weapons have long since become extinct, chemical ammunition (loaded mainly with mustard gas) remains potent and perilous.
    keywords: agents; american; arms; british; century; chemical; destruction; forces; french; gas; haber; institute; military; mines; national; new; research; russian; states; troops; united; use; victims; war; warfare; water; weapons; world; world war; years
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        item: #9 of 191
          id: cord-006131-t1ffey31
      author: Chen, Jing
       title: TRIPS-plus and access to medicines in China
        date: 2013-04-04
       words: 3723
      flesch: 44
     summary: A cross-sectional study TRIPS-plus and access to medicines in China The Fourth National Health Services Survey A survey of medicine prices, availability, affordability and price components in Shandong province A survey of medicine prices, availability and affordability in Shanghai Medicine prices, availability and affordability survey in Shaanxi province Technology development through pooling ARV drug patents: A vision from China Untangling the Web of Antiretroviral Price Reductions: 11th Edition Responses from HU Yuanqiong, China access to medicines research group. As China has provided patent protection for drugs since 1993, most antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs are protected.
    keywords: cent; china; countries; drug; health; medicines; patent; protection; trips
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        item: #10 of 191
          id: cord-007542-12dzeebn
      author: Jonas, Richard A.
       title: Rewards, risks, and responsibilities of globalization for the cardiothoracic surgeon
        date: 2007-06-26
       words: 5595
      flesch: 48
     summary: And the cumulative population of adults with congenital heart disease is also increasing the workload for many congenital heart programs. Surely within our tiny subspecialty, which comprises perhaps only 200 in the United States and I would guess no more than 1000 dedicated congenital cardiac surgeons globally, it would make sense to establish a system of global certification that would facilitate the movement of congenital heart surgeons from areas of contracting to expanding need.
    keywords: cardiothoracic; figure; globalization; health; heart; new; states; surgeons; surgery; united; world; years
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        item: #11 of 191
          id: cord-009507-l74c9x0n
      author: Singh, Amandeep
       title: Clinicopathological Conference: Fever, Productive Cough, and Tachycardia in a 22‐year‐old Asian Male
        date: 2008-01-08
       words: 4402
      flesch: 40
     summary: Large pericardial effusions are most common with tumors, tuberculosis pericarditis, cholesterol pericarditis, myxedema, vasculitis/connective tissue disease, uremic pericarditis, and parasitoses. To summarize, this patient's recent immigration, symptoms of intermittent fever and of chronic cough that failed to respond to outpatient antibiotics, and development of large pericardial effusion all are consistent with a diagnosis of tuberculosis.
    keywords: chest; cough; disease; effusion; fever; infection; patient; pericarditis; symptoms; tuberculosis
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        item: #12 of 191
          id: cord-009997-oecpqf1j
      author: None
       title: 2018 ASPHO ABSTRACTS
        date: 2018-03-31
       words: 182444
      flesch: 45
     summary: Of included patients, 165 had treatment intensity of 2 (41.0%), 192 of 3 (47.8%) and 45 of 4 (11.2%). After 2 cycles of treatment patient was no longer requiring oxygen and was ambulating without assistance.
    keywords: acute; addition; adherence; adult patients; age; aml; aml patients; analysis; anemia; anti; average; background; baseline; biopsy; bleeding; blood; blood cell; bone; cancer; cancer patients; care; cases; cell; cell disease; center; chart; chemotherapy; childhood; children; chronic; clinical; cohort; complications; conclusion; control; count; course; cycles; data; days; death; design; development; diagnosis; differences; disease; dose; effects; efficacy; end; episodes; evaluation; events; evidence; expression; factors; failure; family; female; fever; findings; following; function; gene; grade; group; guidelines; health; hemoglobin; high; history; hospital; hsct patients; hydroxyurea; imaging; immune; impact; improvement; incidence; increase; induction; infection; initial; institution; intervention; iron; laboratory; lesions; leukemia; levels; life; literature; liver; loss; low; lymphoma; male; management; marrow; mean; median; medical; metastatic; method; months; mortality; multiple; mutations; n =; need; negative; neuroblastoma; neuroblastoma patients; neutropenia; new; non; normal; novel; number; objectives; oncology patients; outcomes; p =; pain; parents; patients; pediatric; period; platelet; population; positive; post; potential; present; presentation; primary; program; providers; range; rates; relapse; report; required; research; response; results; review; risk; risk patients; role; scd patients; scores; screening; severe; sickle; sirolimus; specific; stage; standard; states; states background; stem; studies; study; support; survival; survivors; symptoms; syndrome; term; testing; therapy; thrombocytopenia; time; total; transfusion; transplant; treatment; tumor; type; united; use; weeks; years
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        item: #13 of 191
          id: cord-010213-p4b08jtf
      author: Ijaz, M.K.
       title: Seasonality and prevalence of rotavirus in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
        date: 2002-11-05
       words: 2435
      flesch: 44
     summary: The meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) recorded during the sampling period was analyzed statistically to examine the effect of seasonality on the prevalence of rotavirus cases in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. The meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) recorded during the sampling period was analyzed statistically to examine the effect of seasonality on the prevalence of rotavirus cases in AI-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
    keywords: age; ain; cases; months; rotavirus; study
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        item: #14 of 191
          id: cord-011280-o4ssggit
      author: Cummings, Brian M.
       title: A review of approaches for resolving disputes between physicians and families on end-of-life care for newborns
        date: 2020-05-11
       words: 3167
      flesch: 52
     summary: Although the term unacceptably severe is ambiguous and allows for considerable wiggle room, the AAP guidelines mark a decided shift from the tradition that medical treatment decisions are the domain of the physician. A decided shift in the right of parents to make medical decisions for their child born with a severely compromised medical condition occurred in a 1974 legal case entitled, Maine Medical Center v. Baby
    keywords: care; court; decision; family; life; making; parents
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        item: #15 of 191
          id: cord-013921-0aflv1ly
      author: Uhr, Joshua H.
       title: Training in and comfort with diagnosis and management of ophthalmic emergencies among emergency medicine physicians in the United States
        date: 2020-04-29
       words: 4160
      flesch: 43
     summary: key: cord-013921-0aflv1ly authors: Uhr, Joshua H.; Governatori, Nicholas J.; Zhang, Qiang (Ed); Hamershock, Rose; Radell, Jake E.; Lee, Jun Yeop; Tatum, Jasmine; Wu, Albert Y. title: Training in and comfort with diagnosis and management of ophthalmic emergencies among emergency medicine physicians in the United States date: 2020-04-29 journal: Eye (Lond) DOI: 10.1038/s41433-020-0889-x sha: doc_id: 13921 cord_uid: 0aflv1ly BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Patients with ophthalmic emergencies often present to emergency rooms.
    keywords: emergencies; emergency; feel; physicians; training
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        item: #16 of 191
          id: cord-015646-tt2p9uue
      author: Xue, Lan
       title: Global Strategies and Response Measures to the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic
        date: 2018-11-24
       words: 9340
      flesch: 34
     summary: 9 In addition to its preparation and alert efforts, the WHO also strengthened pandemic monitoring and introduced a series of strategies and measures relating to pandemic response, treatment, vaccine development, inoculation, and distribution. (UPMC's) Center for Biosecurity held a conference to summarize important lessons learned from pandemic responses and raised policy suggestions in mitigating future infectious disease emergencies.
    keywords: control; countries; government; h1n1; health; influenza; influenza pandemic; measures; national; pandemic; prevention; public; response; states; united; virus
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        item: #17 of 191
          id: cord-016130-5q9ufu28
      author: Linday, Linda A.
       title: Nutritional Supplements and Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Young Children in the United States
        date: 2010-12-17
       words: 11346
      flesch: 37
     summary: The New York Times Mercury and fish oil supplements; Letter Increased mortality in children with mild vitamin A deficiency Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary Vitamin A and retinoids: an update of biological aspects and clinical applications Vitamin A supplementation: implications for morbidity and mortality in children Vitamin A supplementation in infectious diseases: a meta-analysis Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles Vitamin A and retinoids in antiviral responses Vitamin A, infection, and immune function Vitamin A therapy for children with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a multicenter trial in the United States Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection with vitamin A: a randomized Vitamin A supplements ameliorate the adverse effect of HIV-1, malaria, and diarrheal infections on child growth Vitamin A supplements ameliorate the adverse effect of HIV-1, malaria, and diarrheal infections on child growth Dietary vitamin A intake and the risk of mortality among children Dietary vitamin A intake and the incidence of diarrhea and respiratory infection among Sudanese children Dietary vitamin A intake in relation to child growth Vitamin D analogues in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and other autoimmune diseases: a therapeutic perspective Comparison of the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on T lymphocyte subpopulations This chapter discusses the role of essential fatty acids, vitamins, and trace metals in the pathophysiology of inflammation; reviews our clinical research on the use of a lemon-flavored cod liver oil (which meets European purity standards) and a children's chewable multivitamin-mineral with Se for the prevention and adjunctive treatment of these disorders; reviews the history of cod liver oil, including its importance in the discovery of vitamin D and the anti-infective properties of vitamin A; and discusses the current clinical use of these supplements.
    keywords: children; cod; cod liver; fatty; fish; group; infections; liver; liver oil; oil; rickets; sinusitis; states; study; supplementation; supplements; treatment; united; use; vitamin
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        item: #18 of 191
          id: cord-016285-cwhmm3f6
      author: None
       title: Challenges to the European Exception: What Can S&T Do?
        date: 2006
       words: 7855
      flesch: 51
     summary: Economic growth is slow. In the second half of the post-war period, however, the decline in economic growth was more pronounced in Europe than in the United States, Japan and other OECD economies (Figs 1.1 and 1.2) .
    keywords: cent; challenges; change; countries; employment; europe; european; growth; knowledge; new; s&t; society; states; united
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        item: #19 of 191
          id: cord-016322-dyjpfvvf
      author: Gardner, Anthony Luzzatto
       title: Foreign Aid and Humanitarian Assistance
        date: 2019-12-10
       words: 9075
      flesch: 45
     summary: Moreover, US foreign aid is sometimes used as a tool to open global markets to US exports and is often tied to the purchase of US 7 The United Nations has urged countries to spend at least 0.7% of their GDP on foreign aid, a target met by Sweden, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. US foreign aid policy is often shaped by national security concerns, especially during major wars, and devotes significant resources to military and non-military security assistance (concentrated in Afghanistan, Israel, Egypt, and Iraq).
    keywords: africa; aid; areas; assistance; countries; crisis; development; ebola; european; food; global; outbreak; people; power; states; united; world
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        item: #20 of 191
          id: cord-016379-lcog1654
      author: Pimentel, David
       title: Plant,Animal, and Microbe Invasive Species in the United States and World
        date: 2007
       words: 5744
      flesch: 52
     summary: In the United States, introduced plant species are spreading and invading approximately 700,000 ha of US natural ecosystems per year (Babbitt 1998) . Some of the invasive plants established in the US and world have displaced native plant species.
    keywords: ecosystems; invasive; pest; pimentel; plants; species; states; united; world; year
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        item: #21 of 191
          id: cord-016536-8wfyaxcb
      author: Ubokudom, Sunday E.
       title: Physical, Social and Cultural, and Global Influences
        date: 2012-02-20
       words: 10473
      flesch: 38
     summary: In a letter to the Editor of the JAMA , Winkelstein ( 1993 Winkelstein ( , p. 2504 argues that curative medical care, or those practices that are used for the care and rehabilitation of the sick, which involve most of the physical and designed social technologies listed in Table 5 .1 of the previous chapter, is not the same as health care. Further, it is argued that as countries compete for foreign direct investment and outsourced production, the need to appear business-friendly may limit their ability to adopt and implement labor standards, occupational safety and health regulations, and other redistributive programs (Cornia 2005 ) ; global integration of production may cause a sharp decline in the wages of, and demand for, low-skilled workers; large amounts of debt limit the ability of many developing and developed countries to meet other human needs related to health, education, water, public safety, sanitation, nutrition, etc.; globalization may lead to an intensifi cation of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away, and vice versa (Giddens 1990 , p. 64) ; much of the urbanization caused by international fi nance and trade policies occurs in countries that have limited resources to provide urban infrastructures; and the emphasis on private fi nancing and provision of health care leads to large-scale underinsurance and uninsurance in both the developed and developing countries (Labonte and Schrecker 2007 , p. 6) .
    keywords: care; causes; countries; disease; environmental; et al; factors; global; health; health care; income; people; policy; population; public; services; states; united; united states; world
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        item: #22 of 191
          id: cord-016557-f2mzwhrt
      author: Aggrawal, Anil
       title: Agrochemical Poisoning
        date: 2006
       words: 18208
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, the hallmark of paraquat poisoning, especially when the victim has survived a few days, are the profound changes in lungs. Out of the 18 deaths caused by pesticides reported by the 2002 AAPCC annual report (15) , two were the result of paraquat poisoning.
    keywords: acid; activity; acute; agent; alp; autopsy; blood; bromide; cases; cause; chemicals; compounds; control; copper; death; e.g.; effects; exposure; fluoride; gas; herbicide; ingestion; insecticides; liver; lung; methyl; mixture; mucosa; organophosphorus; paraquat; paraquat poisoning; parathion; pesticides; poisoning; sodium; sulfate; toxicity; water; workers
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        item: #23 of 191
          id: cord-016704-99v4brjf
      author: Nicholson, Felicity
       title: Infectious Diseases: The Role of the Forensic Physician
        date: 2005
       words: 14642
      flesch: 55
     summary: In 1998, 56% of reported cases were from people born outside the United Kingdom and 3% were associated with HIV infection (70, 71) . Clusters of skin infections with MRSA have been reported among injecting drug users (IDUs) since 1981 in America (45, 46) , and more recently, similar strains have been found in the United Kingdom in IDUs in the community (47) .
    keywords: blood; cases; contact; detainee; disease; exposure; gloves; hbv; health; hepatitis; hiv; infection; kingdom; people; risk; skin; staff; transmission; treatment; united; vaccine; years
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        item: #24 of 191
          id: cord-016840-p3sq99yg
      author: Bales, Connie Watkins
       title: Minimizing the Impact of Complex Emergencies on Nutrition and Geriatric Health: Planning for Prevention is Key
        date: 2008-09-09
       words: 7279
      flesch: 43
     summary: In recognition of the severe strain that a major disease outbreak can place on health systems, the World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for an 'integrated global alert and response system for epidemics and other public health emergencies' that allows for 'a collective approach to the prevention, detection, and timely response' for these emergencies (http://www.who.int/csr/en/). While terms like 'disaster relief' and 'humanitarian crisis' may be Any of a number of crisis situations that greatly elevate the health risk of individuals in the affected area; examples are natural disasters like floods and earthquakes; urban health emergencies like fires, epidemics, and blackouts; and terrorist acts like massive bombings or poisonings of food or water supplies.
    keywords: access; adults; care; emergencies; emergency; food; health; kits; medical; nutrition; people; persons; power; risk; water
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        item: #25 of 191
          id: cord-016855-hqs94hfa
      author: Simpson, William M.
       title: Pesticides
        date: 2006
       words: 4762
      flesch: 45
     summary: Treatment of paraquat ingestion is aimed at several points along the toxicity pathway-removing toxin from the GI tract, increasing excretion from the blood, and preventing pulmonary damage with anti-inflammatory agents. Renal and hepatic dysfunction may occur with large ingestions.
    keywords: decontamination; exposure; herbicides; hours; ingestion; poisoning; produce; skin; symptoms; toxicity; treatment
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        item: #26 of 191
          id: cord-017351-73hlwwdh
      author: Quarantelli, E. L.
       title: Studying Future Disasters and Crises: A Heuristic Approach
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 13136
      flesch: 53
     summary: Creating opportunities for cooperation and dramatic change Some contributions German Katastrophensoziologie can make to the sociology of disaster Old virus has a new trick: Mailing itself in quantity Theory of collective behavior as cultural trauma Cities and catastrophes: Coping with emergency in European history Conflict in natural disaster: A codification of consensus and conflict theories Methods of disaster research Why things bite back Expert political judgment. The literature on crisis and disaster research suggests that we are at another important historical juncture with the emergence of a new distinctive class of disasters and crises not often seen before (Ansell, Boin, & Keller, 2010; Helsloot, Boin, Jacobs, & Comfort, 2012; Tierney, 2014) .
    keywords: century; conflict; crises; disasters; emergency; example; future; groups; hazards; management; new; planning; research; researchers; risk; social; societies; studies; systems; time; transboundary; united; world
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        item: #27 of 191
          id: cord-017469-dnnkor2o
      author: Georgiev, Vassil St.
       title: Tick-Borne Bacterial, Rickettsial, Spirochetal, and Protozoal Diseases
        date: 2009
       words: 16536
      flesch: 36
     summary: Lack of evidence of Borrelia involvement in Alzheimer's disease Two controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease Cognitive function in post-treatment Lyme disease: do additional antibiotics help? Study and treatment of post Lyme disease (STOP-LD): a randomized double masked clinical trial Genotypes determine phenotype in experimental Lyme disease Increased expression of B-lymphocyte chemoattractant but not pro-inflammatory cytokines, in muscle tissue in rhesus chronic Lyme borreliosis The chemokine CXCL13 (BLC): a putative diagnostic marker for neuroborreliosis Detection of attenuated, noninfectious spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi-infected mice after antibiotic treatment Identification of candidate T-cell epitopes and molecular mimics in chronic Lyme disease Antibodies against OspA epitopes of Borrelia burgdorferi cross-react with neural tissue Evidence of Borrelia autoimmunity-induced component of Lyme carditis and arthritis Homologies betwen proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi and thyroid autoantigens A case-control study to examine HLA haplotype associations in patients with posttreatment chronic Lyme disease Increased arthritis severity in mice coinfected with Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis alters the murine immune responses, pathogen burden, and severity of Lyme arthritis Controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with post-treatment chronic Lyme disease, Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Cytolethal distending toxin is essential for colonization of Helicobacter hepaticus in outbread Swiss Webster mice Characterization of a Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE invariable region useful in canine Lyme disease serodiagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Intralaboratory reliability of serologic and urine testing for Lime disease Critical evaluation of urine-based PCR assay for diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis Pretreatment and post-treatment assessment of the C6 test in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme borreliosis Comparison of Western immunoblotting and the C 6 Lyme antibody test for laboratory detection of Lyme disease A decline in C 6 antibody titer occurs in successfully treated patients with culturecontrolled early localized or early disseminated Lyme borreliosis Detection of immune complexes is not independent of detection of antibodies in Lyme disease patients and does not confirm active infection with Borrelia burgdorferi A plasmid-encoded nicotinamidase (PncA) is essential for infectivity of Borrelia burgdorferi in a mammalian host Identification of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein TRO-SPA, and Ixodes scapularis receptor for Borrelia burgdorferi An ecological approach to preventing human infection: vaccinating wild mouse reservoirs intervenes in the Lyme disease cycle In NIAID-supported clinical studies on chronic Lyme disease, patients with persisting symptoms were examined to determine if they might have been co-infected with other tick-borne infectious diseases at the time of their acute episode of Lyme disease.
    keywords: borrelia; burgdorferi; cases; days; disease; doxycycline; ehrlichiosis; fever; hga; human; infection; lyme; lyme disease; mice; ospa; patients; research; states; studies; symptoms; therapy; tick; transmission; treatment; tularemia; united
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        item: #28 of 191
          id: cord-017554-yvx1gyp9
      author: Martin, Susan F.
       title: Forced Migration and Refugee Policy
        date: 2017-09-15
       words: 14665
      flesch: 41
     summary: They fall into three categories: (1) policies that permit migrants already on the territory of the destination country to remain for at least a temporary period; (2) policies to respond to new movements of people leaving either directly or indirectly as a result of the crisis; and (3) evacuation of citizens and selected others from crisis affected countries. The evacuations share many similarities with other forced migration situations.
    keywords: conflict; countries; country; crises; disasters; displacement; example; humanitarian; international; migrants; migration; people; persons; policies; protection; refugees; return; rights; states; unhcr
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        item: #29 of 191
          id: cord-017615-zjr6csla
      author: Hillman, John R.
       title: Food Security in an Insecure Future
        date: 2016-11-25
       words: 9985
      flesch: 32
     summary: Poor countries are usually unable to defend themselves from terrorists, and groups of terrorists may receive covert support from other countries and agencies. Poor countries may form the battlefield for fighting between different groups of terrorists.
    keywords: agriculture; aid; arab; climate; conflicts; countries; development; energy; food; food security; global; international; nations; people; poor; population; region; research; resources; security; systems; water; world
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        item: #30 of 191
          id: cord-017675-in9r33ww
      author: None
       title: The Way Forward: Prevention, Treatment and Human Rights
        date: 2008
       words: 18425
      flesch: 48
     summary: HIV treatment and prevention should be integrated, in HIV prevention strategies fall into four general categories: (1) prevention of sexual transmission; (2) prevention of blood-borne transmission: (3) prevention of mother-to-child transmission; and (4) social strategies. In Ghana cases fell by an eighth and Based on these results, the WHO believes that a 5-year campaign that distributes well for HIV prevention.
    keywords: access; aids; care; chap; countries; court; discrimination; drug; groups; health; hiv; hiv prevention; hiv transmission; human; international; laws; new; people; prevention; programs; public; rights; risk; sex; states; transmission; treatment; united; use
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        item: #31 of 191
          id: cord-017858-kugh9y8c
      author: De Sanctis, Fausto Martin
       title: Civil and Criminal Legislation Regarding Money Laundering and the Protection of Cultural Heritage
        date: 2013-06-09
       words: 10891
      flesch: 39
     summary: Porto Alegre: Verbo Jurídico Justiça especializada para os crimes de lavagem de dinheiro e contra o -Apontamentos sobre a perda de eficácia de grande parte da Lei 9 Para ministro, há cultura de crimes.
    keywords: action; activity; article; assets; convention; countries; crime; criminal; cultural; direito; federal; financing; heritage; laundering; law; means; money; money laundering; penal; proceeds; property; recommendation; states; são; united
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        item: #32 of 191
          id: cord-017997-obvk2d8e
      author: Slater, Margaret R.
       title: The Welfare Of Feral Cats
        date: 2007
       words: 12193
      flesch: 50
     summary: An introduction Brodifacoum residues in target and non-target species following an aerial poisoning operation on Motuihe Island Bird mortality from striking residential windows in winter Predation of birds at feeders in winter An evaluation of two methods of assessing feral cat and dingo abundance in central Australia Introduced mammals in a New Zealand forest: longterm research in the Orongorongo Valley Home range of feral house cats (Felis catus L.) in forest of the Orongorongo Valley Hunting behaviour of domestic cats and their impact on prey populations The clipped ear club Domestic cats as predators and factors in winter shortages of raptor prey A trap, neuter, and release program for feral cats on Prince Edward Island Home ranges of introduced mustelids and feral cats at Trounson Kauri Park Secondary poisoning of mammalian predators during possum and rodent control operations at Trounson Kauri Park Bird and rat numbers on Little Barrier Island, New Zealand, over the period of cat eradication 1976-80 Incidence and regional distribution of the lungworm Aelurostrongylus abstrusus in cats in Croatia Reducing cat predation on wildlife. The case of the missing songbirds Emergency Response to raccoon rabies introduction into Ontario Parasitic zoonoses in perspective Characteristics of free-roaming cats evaluated in a trap-neuter-return program Body condition of feral cats and the effect of neutering Feral cats (Felis catus) as predator of hatchling green turtles (Chelonia mydas)
    keywords: animal; birds; cats; control; et al; fiv; health; island; populations; predation; prey; programs; rabies; species; tnr; united; welfare; wildlife; years
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        item: #33 of 191
          id: cord-018084-c48chbfa
      author: Reynolds, Chris
       title: Global Health Security and Weapons of Mass Destruction Chapter
        date: 2019-06-07
       words: 7450
      flesch: 43
     summary: WMD includes chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear weapons and explosives. Pakistan continues to produce nuclear weapons and develop new types of nuclear weapons, including short-range tactical weapons, sea-based cruise missiles, air-launched cruise missiles, and longer-range ballistic missiles.
    keywords: agents; attack; category; chemical; decontamination; health; mass; nuclear; proliferation; security; states; threat; united; use; weapons; wmd; world
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        item: #34 of 191
          id: cord-018220-8m11ig06
      author: Duncan, Coley B.
       title: Viral Infections
        date: 2009-02-02
       words: 6487
      flesch: 41
     summary: Current Opinions in Pediatrics Performance of six influenza rapid tests in detecting human influenza in clinical specimens Antiviral therapy and outcomes of influenza requiring hospitalization in Ontario, Canada Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the community-dwelling elderly Antivirals and the control of influenza outbreaks Effects of influenza vaccination of health-care workers on mortality of elderly people in long-term care: a randomised controlled trial Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: an observational study Respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults Lack of sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults Ribavirin therapy of adult respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis High-dose, shortduration ribavirin aerosol therapy compared with standard ribavirin therapy in children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus infection Parainfluenza viruses Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions Parainfluenza virus infection among adults hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection Parainfluenza infections in the elderly 1976-82 Influenza-like illness in residential care homes: A study of the incidence, aetiological agents, natural history, and health resource utilization A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease Human metapneumovirus . Influenza viruses are enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses that are classified as A, B, or C, based on stable internal proteins (3) .
    keywords: acute; adults; age; chronic; disease; hepatitis; infection; influenza; persons; rsv; virus; years
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        item: #35 of 191
          id: cord-018508-pk0ealu5
      author: Hu, Yi
       title: A Farewell to the “Sick Man of East Asia”: The Irony, Deconstruction, and Reshaping of the Metaphor
        date: 2013-08-28
       words: 5105
      flesch: 51
     summary: With their tacit understanding and informal networks, the peasants could help themselves without directly or symbolically fi ghting against the authority Report on Chinese people's voluntary army in the war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea Epidemics and history: Ecological perspectives and social responses Weapons of the weak: Everyday forms of peasant resistance Illness as metaphor Social history of diseases in modern China Guns, germs, and steel: The fates of human societies Suppression of U.S. germ warfare crimes.
    keywords: china; countries; diseases; germ; korea; metaphor; people; states; united; war; warfare; world
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        item: #36 of 191
          id: cord-018566-dd5gw66t
      author: Armbruster, Walter J.
       title: The Political Economy of US Antibiotic Use in Animal Feed
        date: 2018-05-30
       words: 11426
      flesch: 31
     summary: To the extent they can be developed and used separately, the potential for animal antibiotic use leading to antimicrobial resistance for important human antibiotics will be mitigated. Despite the scientific and economic evidence, many comments to the proposed final regulation reflected ongoing resistance to the elimination of food animal production use of medically important antibiotics.
    keywords: agriculture; animal; antibiotics; antimicrobials; bacteria; costs; drug; fda; feed; food; health; human; industry; new; production; products; public; resistance; use
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        item: #37 of 191
          id: cord-018677-gmitz3gg
      author: Clemens, John D.
       title: Sequential stages of clinical trials and overview of issues to be considered
        date: 2005
       words: 6434
      flesch: 32
     summary: The promulgation of GCP has had several implications for vaccine trials in developing countries. Indeed, a common tactic in older Phase III vaccine trials was to evaluate adverse events only in a small subsample of the total trial population, obviating the possibility of detecting rare but potentially significant side-effects.
    keywords: countries; iii; licensure; phase; protection; safety; studies; subjects; target; trials; vaccine
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        item: #38 of 191
          id: cord-021081-yqu1ykc9
      author: None
       title: Early Warning Systems A State of the Art Analysis and Future Directions
        date: 2012-11-02
       words: 17444
      flesch: 38
     summary: Early warning information empowers people to take action prior to a disaster. For each hazard type, a gap analysis has been carried out to identify critical aspects and future needs of EWS, considering aspects such as geographical coverage, and essential EWS elements such as monitoring and prediction capability, communication systems and application of early warning information in responses.
    keywords: action; air; changes; climate; communication; countries; data; decision; disaster; drought; environmental; fire; global; hazards; information; land; meteorological; monitoring; national; ocean; prediction; public; regional; response; risk; satellite; systems; time; tsunami; united; volcanic; warning; warning systems; water
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        item: #39 of 191
          id: cord-021131-6zbe2qmd
      author: Abeyratne, Ruwantissa
       title: The ePassport — new technology to counter security threats
        date: 2012-11-11
       words: 7934
      flesch: 42
     summary: Hence there is frequently the necessity to balance privacy rights with other conflictive rights, such as the freedom of speech and the right to access information when examining individuals' rights vis-à-vis the 23 In this case, the US Supreme Court acknowledged the right of women to have abortions based on the grounds that the federal government could not interfere within her decisional privacy sphere. The foundations of information privacy, whereby the individuals would determine when, how, and to what extent information about themselves would be communicated to others, inextricably drawing the right of control of information about oneself, 27 is a cornerstone of privacy.
    keywords: aviation; biometric; data; document; icao; information; international; machine; passport; privacy; public; right; security; state; technology; travel
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        item: #40 of 191
          id: cord-021479-hwg9rqnq
      author: Oldstone, Michael B.A.
       title: Ebola’s Scorecard: Failure of the WHO and the International Community
        date: 2017-07-21
       words: 5303
      flesch: 58
     summary: WHO acknowledges failings of Ebola response. By reading this book you will come to understand why the world was unprepared for the outbreak of such a deadly pathogen as Ebola virus and why it still is.
    keywords: countries; doctors; ebola; epidemic; global; health; international; outbreak; response; virus; world
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        item: #41 of 191
          id: cord-021550-evh3b7o2
      author: Brokopp, Charles
       title: Laboratories
        date: 2007-09-02
       words: 9259
      flesch: 33
     summary: Because of the importance of laboratory tests in biosurveillance, biosurveillance organizations are attempting to establish connections between LIMSs and their own biosurveillance computers. Most laboratories do not use standard coding systems to identify the names and results of laboratory tests.
    keywords: agents; chemical; data; diseases; environmental; federal; health; health laboratories; laboratories; laboratory; lrn; national; network; results; state; systems; testing; tests
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        item: #42 of 191
          id: cord-021555-rrverrsj
      author: Delano, Margaret L.
       title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle
        date: 2007-09-02
       words: 71795
      flesch: 48
     summary: In less severe outbreaks or individual animal disease, definitive diagnosis may never be made. Therefore, they should be housed in groups or at least within eyesight and hearing of other animals.
    keywords: abortion; acute; addition; adult; age; animals; areas; blood; body; bovine; breeding; breeds; calves; cases; cattle; cause; cells; chronic; colostrum; condition; control; copper; cows; dairy; days; death; diagnosis; diarrhea; differential; disease; edema; environment; epizootiology; etiology; ewes; feces; feed; fever; findings; flock; form; gastrointestinal; goats; herd; host; immunity; infection; kids; lambs; lesions; levels; liver; loss; management; mastitis; milk; months; mortality; necropsy; organism; pathogenesis; period; pregnancy; prevention; production; research; result; rumen; ruminants; sheep; signs; skin; species; states; time; tissues; tract; transmission; treatment; type; united; vaccination; vaccine; viral; virus; water; weeks; weight; young
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        item: #43 of 191
          id: cord-021637-f5wwn45z
      author: Douglas, R. Gordon
       title: The Vaccine Industry
        date: 2017-07-17
       words: 6460
      flesch: 38
     summary: A key strategic document that guides the stakeholders in vaccine development is the target product profile (TPP). The first stage of vaccine development involves acceptance of a candidate from a basic research laboratory and development of a small-scale process and formulation to make material for Phase I study, analytical release assays, preclinical toxicology, immunological assays to evaluate clinical responses, an investigational new drug (IND) filing, and well-designed Phase I/IIa studies.
    keywords: companies; countries; development; industry; manufacturing; market; phase; process; product; r&d; research; studies; vaccine; world
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        item: #44 of 191
          id: cord-021887-22lop0pk
      author: Artenstein, Andrew W.
       title: Biological Attack
        date: 2015-10-23
       words: 7199
      flesch: 33
     summary: Clustering of patients with common signs and symptoms-especially if regionally unusual or otherwise characteristic of bioterrorism agents-is suggestive of an intentional exposure and should prompt expeditious notification of local public health authorities. As was vividly illustrated in the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic and previously well recognized when smallpox occurred with regularity, transmission of infection of potential bioterrorism agents within hospitals is common and difficult to control.
    keywords: agents; anthrax; attack; biological; bioterrorism; care; cases; disease; exposure; health; patients; smallpox; states; treatment; united; weapons
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        item: #45 of 191
          id: cord-022003-cvawdes6
      author: Darling, Robert G.
       title: Future Biological and Chemical Weapons
        date: 2015-10-23
       words: 9056
      flesch: 40
     summary: Innovative new delivery systems taking advantage of advances in robotics include the proposed use of cyberinsects and biorobots to deliver biological agents, chemical agents, or toxins. This obviously accelerates tremendously the development of new chemical agents.
    keywords: agents; biological; biology; cause; cells; chemical; cov; disease; future; human; influenza; potential; sars; scientists; synthetic; terrorist; threat; use; virus; warfare; weapons; world
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        item: #46 of 191
          id: cord-022034-o27mh4wz
      author: OLANO, JUAN P.
       title: Distinguishing Tropical Infectious Diseases from Bioterrorism
        date: 2009-05-15
       words: 10732
      flesch: 36
     summary: Shigella is a highly infectious organism that requires very low numbers (10 2 -10 3 organisms) to provoke clinical disease. They include presence of disease outbreaks of the same illness in noncontiguous areas, disease outbreaks with zoonotic impact, different attack rates in different environments (indoor versus outdoor), presence of large epidemics in small populations, increased number of unexplained deaths, unusually high severity of a disease for a particular pathogen, unusual clinical manifestations owing to route of transmission for a given pathogen, presence of a disease (vector-borne or not) in an area not endemic for that particular disease, multiple epidemics with different diseases in the same population, a case of a disease by an uncommon agent (smallpox, viral hemorrhagic fevers, inhalational anthrax), unusual strains of microorganisms when compared to conventional strains circulating in the same affected areas, and genetically homogenous organisms isolated from different locations.
    keywords: agents; anthrax; attack; cases; detection; diagnosis; disease; fever; hemorrhagic; human; infections; isolation; laboratory; manifestations; outbreak; patients; pcr; smallpox; techniques; time; toxin; virus
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        item: #47 of 191
          id: cord-022035-annn4qn1
      author: Menitove, Jay E.
       title: Other Viral, Bacterial, Parasitic and Prion-Based Infectious Complications
        date: 2009-05-15
       words: 12441
      flesch: 45
     summary: The transfusion-associated transmission of parvovirus B19 Parvovirus B19 infection in patients with hemophilia Parvovirus B19 transmission by a highpurity factor VIII concentrate Detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in solventdetergent plasma Parvovirus B19 transmission by heat-treated clotting factor concentrates Prevalence of IgG antibodies to human parvovirus B19 in haemophilia children treated with recombinant factor (F)VIII only or with at least one plasma-derived FVIII or FIX concentrate: results from the French haemophilia cohort Human parvovirus B19 in young male patients with hemophilia A: associations with treatment product exposure and joint range-of-motion limitation Inactivation of parvovirus B19 during pasteurization of human serum albumin Life threatening human parvovirus B19 infection transmitted by intravenous immune globulin High-titer screening PCR: a successful strategy for reducing the parvovirus B19 load in plasma pools for fractionation Prion disease Guidance for Industry: revised preventative measures to reduce the possible risk of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) by blood and blood products Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance in the UK: Twelfth Annual Report Incubation period of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in human growth hormone recipients in France Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease associated with cadaveric dura mater grafts: Japan Similar levels of infectivity in the blood of mice infected with human-derived vCJD and GSS strains of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) investigational look-back study Surgical treatment and risk of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: a case-control study Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: a reanalysis of case-control studies Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease among persons with hemophilia Retrospective neuropathological review of prion disease in UK haemophilic patients A new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in the UK New variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: Neurological features and diagnostic tests Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease death, United States The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE Natural and experimental oral infection of nonhuman primates by bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep Transmission of prion diseases by blood transfusion Possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood transfusion Preclinical vCJD after blood transfusion in a PRNP codon 129 heterozygous patient Human prion protein with valine 129 prevents expression of variant CJD phenotype Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States: an epidemiologist's view UK National Blood Service notifies 110 donors of vCJD risk, implements new blood component safeguards Estimating blood donor loss due to the variant CJD travel deferral Predictive ability of sequential surveys in determining donor loss from increasingly stringent variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease deferral policies Consensus conference on vCJD screening of blood donors: report of the panel Effectiveness of leucoreduction for removal of infectivity of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies from blood Visceral infection caused by Leishmania tropica in veterans of Operation Desert Storm Occurrence of Leishmania infantum parasitemia in asymptomatic blood donors living in an area of endemicity in Southern France Viscerotropic leishmaniasis in persons returning from Operation Desert Storm 1990-1991 Short report: occurrence of Leishmania donovani DNA in donated blood from seroreactive Brazilian blood donors The first probable case of platelet transfusiontransmitted visceral leishmaniasis Leishmania donovani transmission by packed RBC transfusion to anemic dogs in the United States Survivability and infectivity of viscerotropic Leishmania tropica from Operation Desert Storm participants in human blood products maintained under blood bank conditions Deferral for risk of leishmaniasis exposure The use of leukodepletion filters at collection to reduce the risk of transfusion transmission of Leishmania donovani infantum and Leishmania major Pulmonary toxoplasmosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: case report and review Acquired toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis after platelet transfusions Toxoplasmosis after renal transplantation: implications of a missed diagnosis Travel-associated dengue infections: United States Dengue in travelers The dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Puerto Rico, 1994-1995 Nosocomial acquisition of dengue Nosocomial dengue by mucocutaneous transmission Nosocomial dengue by mucocutaneous transmission Frequent simian foamy virus infection in persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates Naturally acquired simian retrovirus infections in central African hunters Primate-to-human retroviral transmission in Asia Simian foamy virus infection in a blood donor CDC: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in organ transplant recipients The World Health Organization Global Influenza Program Surveillance Network. Although a correlation exists between the percentage of immigrants from endemic areas and the percentage of blood donors with serologic evidence of T. cruzi infection, investigators have also identified seropositive blood donors who were born in the United States.
    keywords: b19; blood; cases; cjd; cruzi; days; disease; donors; human; infection; malaria; parvovirus; patients; plasma; recipients; risk; states; testing; transfusion; transmission; united; united states; vcjd; virus; years
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        item: #48 of 191
          id: cord-022066-8aj480hz
      author: MacPherson, Douglas W.
       title: Health Screening in Immigrants, Refugees, and International Adoptees
        date: 2016-09-23
       words: 3517
      flesch: 29
     summary: As such, and depending on their status, health screening may be a required or recommended component of their migratory process. Health screening of immigrants and refugees can be done as part of primary care assessment in which routine immunizations should be documented and brought up-to-date if necessary; maternal-child health issues can be addressed; and specific health assessments for other defined populations (e.g., children, adolescents, women, and the elderly) can be performed.
    keywords: conditions; health; immigration; migrants; populations; screening; states; united
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        item: #49 of 191
          id: cord-022176-hprwqi4n
      author: Löscher, Thomas
       title: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
        date: 2009-07-28
       words: 8292
      flesch: 41
     summary: Since then, several outbreaks of Nipah virus infections have been observed in Asian countries: Singapore in 1999, India 2001 , and Bangladesh since 2003 (WHO 2004a Harit et al. 2006) . WHO Regional Office for Europe Altitudinal distribution limit of the tick Ixodes ricinus shifted considerably towards higher altitudes in central Europe: results of three years monitoring in the Krkonose Mts Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection 1999: results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey Outbreak of West Nile virus infection Novel chikungunya virus variant in travelers returning from Indian Ocean islands Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis Infection with Chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region Waldarbeiter-Studie Berlin-Brandenburg 2000 zu zeckenübertragenen und andere Zoonosen Risikofaktoren für Lyme-Borreliose: Ergebnisse einer Studie in einem Brandenburger Landkreis übertrifft die Infektionszahlen der Vorjahre Zahl der Hantavirus-Erkrankungen erreichte 2007 in Deutschland einen neuen Höchststand Prevalence and determinants of Helicobacter pylori infection in preschool children: a population-based study from Germany Hantaviruses: a global disease problem Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine Tick-borne diseases in the United States The National Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit (NCJDSU) Marburg virus infection detected in a common African bat Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: worldwide emergence Multiple exposures during a norovirus outbreak on a river-cruise sailing through Europe Toxin production by an emerging strain of Clostridium difficile associated with outbreaks of severe disease in North America and Europe Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in Hamburg blood donors Nipah virus outbreaks in Bangladesh Revision of the International Health regulations Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24 179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study Large outbreak of norovirus: The baker who should have known better Epidemiology of drugresistant malaria Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia
    keywords: cases; control; countries; disease; epidemics; health; infections; new; outbreaks; patients; resistance; spread; transmission; treatment; united; virus; years
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        item: #50 of 191
          id: cord-022351-qfhmwqgg
      author: Edgell, David L.
       title: Political and foreign policy implications of tourism
        date: 2009-11-16
       words: 12156
      flesch: 39
     summary: In addition to tourism industry organizations endorsing tourism's awareness-creating abilities, world leaders throughout modern history have also realized the benefits of tourism. In another means of affecting tourism at state and local levels, the STPC and its MOU could be a model for state tourism organizations to follow when trying to coordinate the efforts of various agencies in the state.
    keywords: countries; development; economic; federal; industry; international; issues; members; nations; new; organizations; peace; policy; program; recreation; security; states; stpc; sts; tourism; tourism industry; travel; united; united states; world
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        item: #51 of 191
          id: cord-022380-49oti4zg
      author: Panlilio, Adelisa L
       title: Occupational Infectious Diseases
        date: 2009-05-15
       words: 15593
      flesch: 39
     summary: To the extent that unsafe practices have been defined, and practice policies modified to reduce infection risk, continued transmission often represents failure to follow accepted standards. Recognition of the types of infection risk associated with specific occupations can, in most cases, lead to effective, often simple steps for primary prevention, as well as opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment.
    keywords: adults; blood; children; contact; control; days; disease; exposure; hcv; healthcare; hepatitis; hiv; immunization; infection; influenza; patients; personnel; persons; risk; transmission; treatment; vaccine; virus; workers
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        item: #52 of 191
          id: cord-022467-j2trahab
      author: Loo, May
       title: Select Populations: Children
        date: 2009-05-15
       words: 19091
      flesch: 37
     summary: Relationship between breast-feeding duration and acute respiratory infections in infants Cognitive training in ADHD children: less to it than meets the eye Hyperactive children treated with stimulants: is cognitive training a useful adjunct? Efficacy and safety of a fixed-combination homeopathic therapy for sinusitis Clinical assessment of acupuncture in asthma therapy: discussion paper Committee on Drugs: Guidelines for the ethical conduct of studies to evaluate drugs in pediatric populations Committee on Children with Disabilities: Counseling families who choose complementary and alternative medicine for their child with chronic illness or disability Measles-mumps-rubella immunisation, autism, and inflammatory bowel disease: update Evaluation of massage with essential oils on childhood atopic eczema Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines for otitis media The use of alternative therapies by children with asthma: a brief report Use of complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of asthma Use of complementary treatment by those hospitalised with acute illness Some nontraditional (unconventional and/or innovative) psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents: critique and proposed screening principles Hypnotherapy in the treatment of bronchial asthma International study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC): rationale and methods Asthma mortality and hospitalization among children and young adults: United States Cranio-sacral therapy and the treatment of common childhood conditions A comparison of active and simulated chiropractic manipulation as adjunctive treatment for childhood asthma Hypnosis and self-hypnosis in the management of nocturnal enuresis: a comparative study with imipramine therapy Spirituality, religion, and pediatrics: intersecting worlds of healing Acupuncture and micro-massage in the treatment of idiopathic nocturnal enuresis Treatment of incontinent boys with non-obstructive disease Academic medicine and complementary medicine differ from each other in reasoning and evaluation but not in goals Alternative and controversial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Parent acceptability and feasibility of ADHD interventions: assessment, correlates, and predictive validity Management of acute and chronic otitis media in pediatric practice Evaluation of rhesus rotavirus monovalent and tetravalent reassortant vaccines in U.S. children Traditional acupuncture increases the content of beta-endorphin in immune cells and influences mitogen induced proliferation A double-blind placebo-controlled study of desipramine in the treatment of ADD. I. General trends and demographic groups Relationship of infant feeding to recurrent wheezing at age 6 years Current treatment of allergic rhinitis and sinusitis 302 cases of enuresis treated with acupuncture Treatment of acne with ear acupuncture-a clinical observation of 80 cases 14 cases of child bronchial asthma treated by auricular plaster and meridian instrument Acupuncture of guanyuan (Ren 4) and Baihui (Du 20) in the treatment of 500 cases of enuresis Effect of acupuncture on bronchial asthma Acupuncture treatment of chronic rhinitis in 75 cases Immediate antiasthmatic effect of acupuncture in 192 cases of bronchial asthma Preliminary study of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of minimal brain dysfunction: analysis of 100 cases Clinical and experimental study on yifei jianshen mixture in preventing and treating infantile repetitive respiratory infection Clinical investigation on massage for prevention and treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection in children Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for young children Prevention of asthma morbidity: recent advances
    keywords: acupuncture; acupuncture treatment; acute; age; alternative; asthma; breast; cam; childhood; children; chiropractic; chronic; diarrhea; disease; efficacy; enuresis; group; homeopathic; infants; medicine; months; otitis; patients; pediatric; studies; study; symptoms; therapy; treatment; trial; use; years
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        item: #53 of 191
          id: cord-022581-awivedxp
      author: Diaz, James H.
       title: Ticks, Including Tick Paralysis
        date: 2014-10-31
       words: 10471
      flesch: 36
     summary: Cluster of tick paralysis cases-Colorado Tick paralysis presenting in an urban environment A six-year-old girl with tick paralysis Tick paralysis: electrophysiologic studies A review of tick paralysis Tick paralysis: 33 human cases in Washington state A 60-year meta-analysis of tick paralysis in the United States: a predictable, preventable, and often misdiagnosed poisoning Clinical and neurophysiological features of tick paralysis Prophylaxis with single dose doxycycline for the prevention of Lyme disease after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite [60] Although 43 species of ticks have been implicated in tick paralysis cases worldwide, most cases occur in the United States and Canadian Pacific Northwest (Washington State and British Columbia) and in Australia.
    keywords: babesiosis; blood; cases; days; diseases; feeding; fever; humans; infections; lyme; new; paralysis; patients; species; states; tick; tick paralysis; tularemia; united; vectors
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        item: #54 of 191
          id: cord-022734-xpyldrw7
      author: Zelicoff, Alan P.
       title: Laboratory biosecurity in the United States: Evolution and regulation
        date: 2016-02-19
       words: 9008
      flesch: 33
     summary: key: cord-022734-xpyldrw7 authors: Zelicoff, Alan P. title: Laboratory biosecurity in the United States: Evolution and regulation date: 2016-02-19 journal: Ensuring National Biosecurity DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801885-9.00001-9 sha: doc_id: 22734 cord_uid: xpyldrw7 In light of terrorist events in the United States and in recognition of the potential for diversion of highly pathogenic organisms for illicit purposes, the US Congress has in the past 15 years enacted a series of laws designed to enhance laboratory biosecurity. 'Laboratory biosecurity' refers to institutional and personal security measures designed to prevent the loss, theft, misuse, diversion or intentional release of pathogens and toxins
    keywords: act; agents; bill; biological; biosecurity; cdc; congress; health; laboratory; law; laws; public; regulations; research; risk; rule; toxins
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        item: #55 of 191
          id: cord-022736-38q8jbcl
      author: Coppola, Damon P.
       title: Participants – Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions
        date: 2015-02-06
       words: 39358
      flesch: 37
     summary: UNDP spends between $150 and $200 million each year on disaster risk reduction projects. The guidelines will contribute to the mainstreaming of disaster risk management (DRM) into the Bank's programming exercises with the borrowers, particularly in high-risk countries.
    keywords: activities; agencies; assessment; assistance; bank; capacity; climate; coordination; countries; country; development; disaster management; disaster preparedness; disaster reduction; disaster response; disaster risk; disasters; emergency; emergency response; food; government; health; humanitarian; information; international; member; mitigation; nations; needs; ocha; operations; organization; policy; preparedness; program; project; reconstruction; recovery; regional; rehabilitation; relief; resources; response; risk management; risk reduction; services; support; technical; undp; wfp; work; world
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        item: #56 of 191
          id: cord-023211-kt5gt26t
      author: None
       title: Poster Session Abstracts
        date: 2007-08-29
       words: 221712
      flesch: 48
     summary: Understanding how its modulation modifies transepithelial transport and inflammation in CF versus non CF cells should give new therapeutic clues to reduce exaggerated inflammation and improve fluid secretion in CF patients. This finding indicates that CFTR potentiators have a wide efficacy on many class III mutants and therefore may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a significant number of CF patients.
    keywords: acid; addition; adult cf; adult patients; adults; aeruginosa; age; aim; airway; airway cells; amiloride; analysis; antibiotic; asl; assay; atp; background; bacterial; baseline; binding; biofilm; blood; bmi; cells; cf airways; cf care; cf center; cf clinic; cf foundation; cf gene; cf group; cf lung; cf mouse; cf nbs; cf patients; cf research; cf sputum; cff; cfrd; cftr; cftr activation; cftr activity; cftr cells; cftr channel; cftr chloride; cftr expression; cftr function; cftr gene; cftr inhibitor; cftr mice; cftr mutations; cftr promoter; cftr protein; cftr trafficking; changes; channel; children; chronic; clearance; clinical; concentrations; conclusion; conditions; contrast; control; cultures; current; cystic; daily; data; day; days; decline; decreased; dependent; diabetes; differences; disease; dna; domain; dose; drug; effect; enac; epithelial; exacerbation; experiments; exposure; expressing; f508del; factors; family; fev1; fibrosis patients; findings; fold; forskolin; functional; genes; glands; group; growth; health; hospital; hours; human; human cf; il-8; improvement; increase; individuals; infants; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; information; inhibited; inhibition; isolates; levels; life; low; lung cells; lung disease; lung function; lungs; mean; measure; mechanism; median; medical; membrane; methods; mice; model; months; mrsa; mucus; mutant; nasal; nbd1; neutrophil; new; non; normal; novel; number; observed; order; pancreatic; parents; pathway; patients age; pcr; pediatric; period; plasma; population; positive; post; potential; presence; present; production; proteins; pseudomonas; pulmonary; quality; range; rate; regulation; research; respiratory; response; results; risk; role; samples; scores; screening; secretion; sensitive; serum; specific; status; stimulation; strains; studies; study; study patients; subjects; support; surface; symptoms; system; test; testing; therapeutic; therapies; therapy; time; tobramycin; total; transport; treatment; type cftr; university; usa; use; values; vitamin; vitro; vivo; volume; weight; wt cells; wt cftr; years; ∆f508 cftr
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        item: #57 of 191
          id: cord-023367-ujflw19b
      author: Newcomer, Benjamin W.
       title: Diseases of the hematologic, immunologic, and lymphatic systems (multisystem diseases) [Image: see text]
        date: 2020-04-17
       words: 33192
      flesch: 48
     summary: No treatment is available for border disease infection. Because blood gas analysis and exclusion of other diseases often are impractical, the term floppy kid syndrome frequently is used by owners to refer to any kid that is weak and does not have an overt, organ-specific sign (e.g., diarrhea).
    keywords: acute; anemia; animals; bacteria; blood; cases; cause; cells; chronic; clinical; clostridium; colostrum; death; deer; diagnosis; diarrhea; disease; edema; fever; flock; fluids; goats; hours; infection; kids; lambs; lesions; liver; milk; months; neonates; organism; perfringens; prevention; ruminants; serum; sheep; signs; skin; species; tissue; toxin; treatment; type; virus
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        item: #58 of 191
          id: cord-023529-zrnczve3
      author: Craighead, Geoff
       title: Security and Fire Life Safety Threats
        date: 2013-02-15
       words: 31517
      flesch: 54
     summary: An undetermined number of people died entrapped in building elevators rr (there were 99 elevators in each tower). Items not properly secured may fall; desks and furniture may slide; filing cabinets and bookcases may topple; ceiling tiles may be dislodged; windows may crack or shatter; sprinkler heads may shear off and result in water discharge; seismic devices may cause building elevators to go to the nearest floor in the direction of travel, stop, automatically open elevator car doors, and then cease operation; automatic fire detection and reporting equipment may produce multiple false alarms; electrical power may be disrupted; lights may go off; the telephone system may be damaged or, shortly after the shaking has stopped, be deluged with calls.
    keywords: areas; attacks; bomb; building; cause; center; codes; collapse; damage; design; earthquake; elevator; emergency; evacuation; events; explosion; fire; fire protection; floor; following; heat; high; hotel; impact; incident; information; life; national; new; nist; occupants; people; person; property; public; report; result; rise; rise building; safety; security; september; smoke; spread; standards; system; time; towers; trade; use; violence; world; wtc; york
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        item: #59 of 191
          id: cord-023713-daz2vokz
      author: Devereux, Graham
       title: Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergic Airway Diseases
        date: 2013-09-06
       words: 27946
      flesch: 44
     summary: Asthma prevalence of less than 4% was found in Iceland, parts of Spain, Germany, Italy, Algeria, and India. The results for asthma prevalence are given in Figure 48 -9.
    keywords: adults; age; airway; allergy; association; asthma; asthma prevalence; atopic; birth; childhood asthma; children; cohort; disease; exposure; food; function; health; incidence; levels; life; lung; pollution; population; prevalence; risk; studies; study; symptoms; use; wheeze; wheezing; years
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        item: #60 of 191
          id: cord-023767-rcv4pl0d
      author: O’Ryan, Miguel L.
       title: Microorganisms Responsible for Neonatal Diarrhea
        date: 2009-05-19
       words: 45719
      flesch: 29
     summary: Several studies have suggested that EAEC is also a common cause of infant diarrhea in industrialized c~u n t Rotavirus particles have not been found in human milk or c o l o~t r u m .~~~~~~~~ Exposure of a newborn to rotavirus can result in asymptomatic infection or cause mild or severe gastro-Outbreaks with high attack rates as measured by rotavirus excretion have been described but the extent of symptomatic infection Severe rotavirus infection is seldom reported during the newborn period1203 but the extent of underreporting of severe disease, especially in the less developed areas of the world, has not been evaluated.
    keywords: acute; antimicrobial; asymptomatic; c. jejuni; campylobacter; campylobacter coli; campylobacter enteritis; campylobacter infection; campylobacter jejuni; care; cases; cause; children; cholera; clinical; coli; cultures; days; detection; diarrhea; disease; e l; e n; e r; e ~; e. coli; enteric; epec; epidemic; escherichia coli; fecal; fetus; fever; gastroenteritis; hospital; human; illness; incidence; infants; infected; infection; jejuni; life; meningitis; milk; n t; neonatal; neonatal diarrhea; neonates; newborn; nursery; oral; organisms; outbreak; patients; risk; rotavirus diarrhea; rotavirus infection; salmonella; salmonella gastroenteritis; salmonella infection; shigella; shigellosis; specific; stool; strains; studies; study; t e; therapy; toxin; transmission; treatment; virulence
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        item: #61 of 191
          id: cord-024061-gxv8y146
      author: Alkhamis, Moh A.
       title: Animal Disease Surveillance in the 21st Century: Applications and Robustness of Phylodynamic Methods in Recent U.S. Human-Like H3 Swine Influenza Outbreaks
        date: 2020-04-21
       words: 12857
      flesch: 29
     summary: In fact, during the last decade, phylodynamic models have become well-established tools for studying the evolution of animal viral diseases specially influenza (20) , FMD (17) , and PRRS (21) . There are many studies in the published literature comparing the results of phylodynamic models inferred from different gene segments or evolutionary parameters' priors (34) (35) (36) .
    keywords: data; evolutionary; figure; gene; influenza; methods; model; pb2; phylodynamic; posterior; rate; segment; sequences; states; substitution; surveillance; time; virus
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        item: #62 of 191
          id: cord-024936-ncia0h9m
      author: Luker, Gary D.
       title: Transitioning to a New Normal after COVID-19: Preparing to Get Back on Track for Cancer Imaging
        date: 2020-04-15
       words: 2950
      flesch: 46
     summary: As the outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in the United States, there were two main priorities that clinics had with regard to decision-making on cancer imaging appointments: keeping people healthy and preserving personal protective equipment resources. How will institutions manage a surge in cancer imaging patients after the shutdown ends?'
    keywords: appointments; cancer; covid-19; imaging; institutions; patients; research
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        item: #63 of 191
          id: cord-024981-yfuuirnw
      author: Severin, Paul N.
       title: Types of Disasters
        date: 2020-05-14
       words: 29279
      flesch: 45
     summary: There appears to be a similar aging process as seen with other nerve agents. However, other nerve agent incidents, such as the 1995 Tokyo subway attack (sarin), the chemical attacks in Syria (chlorine, sarin, mustard), and the attempted assassination of Sergei Skripal in Salisbury, UK (Novichok), support that civilian threats also exist.
    keywords: agents; air; anthrax; blast; care; chemical; children; community; days; decontamination; department; disaster; disease; dose; education; emergency; event; exposure; fever; health; high; homeland; incidents; injuries; injury; management; mass; medical; national; nerve; patients; pediatric; people; plague; planning; preparedness; radiation; response; risk; school; security; shooter; shooting; states; students; system; terrorism; treatment; united; use; vaccine; victims
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        item: #64 of 191
          id: cord-025366-haf542y0
      author: Offit, Paul A.
       title: Vaccine safety
        date: 2012-11-07
       words: 16638
      flesch: 42
     summary: 51 Because rare reactions, reactions with delayed onset, or reactions in subpopulations may not be detected before vaccines are licensed, postlicensure evaluation of vaccine safety is critical. In contrast with the methodological strengths of prelicensure randomized trials, however, postlicensure observational studies of vaccine safety pose a formidable set of methodological difficulties.
    keywords: care; cause; cells; children; data; disease; events; following; health; immunization; influenza; information; monitoring; number; parents; people; risk; safety; studies; study; vaccination; vaccine; vaccine safety; vaers
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        item: #65 of 191
          id: cord-025767-scbteel5
      author: Richards, Timothy J.
       title: COVID‐19 impact on fruit and vegetable markets
        date: 2020-05-18
       words: 4025
      flesch: 48
     summary: First, the consumption of stockpiled items could begin to occur at the same time that harvest seasons begin for many Canadian-produced fruits and vegetables, and this would place downward pressure on prices of fresh produce markets. There are other effects that are more likely to persist or that reflect long-term developments in fresh produce supply chains.
    keywords: canada; consumers; food; fruits; online; produce; retail; vegetables; workers
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        item: #66 of 191
          id: cord-027679-89yt6fzo
      author: McLoud, Theresa C.
       title: Pulmonary Infections in the Normal Host
        date: 2020-06-22
       words: 10841
      flesch: 38
     summary: The wide variety of fungi that may produce lung disease can be divided into two groups. However, MAC lung disease may develop in older women who are considered immunologically competent and who do not have a background of thickening and multiple, calcified nodular and irregular opacities can be seen in the left upper lobe (arrows).
    keywords: areas; common; consolidation; disease; features; fig; infection; lobes; lung; multiple; nodules; organisms; patients; pneumonia; pulmonary; radiographic; tuberculosis
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        item: #67 of 191
          id: cord-027860-s97hdhh6
      author: Zeimet, Anthony
       title: Infectious Diseases
        date: 2020-06-22
       words: 28951
      flesch: 42
     summary: Management of such patients should be coordinated with an infectious diseases specialist, who also should manage drug-resistant TB treatment. Single positive blood culture for Coxiella burnetii or anti-phase 1 IgG antibody titer >1:800 Echocardiogram positive for IE (TEE recommended for patients with prosthetic valves, rated at least possible IE by clinical criteria, or complicated IE [paravalvular abscess]; TTE as first test in other patients) defined as follows: oscillating intracardiac mass on valve or supporting structures, in the path of regurgitant jets, or on implanted material in the absence of an alternative anatomic explanation; or abscess; or new partial dehiscence of prosthetic valve; new valvular regurgitation (worsening or changing or preexisting murmur not sufficient) Predisposition, predisposing heart condition, or IDU Fever, temperature >38° C Vascular phenomena, major arterial emboli, septic pulmonary infarcts, mycotic aneurysm, intracranial hemorrhage, conjunctival hemorrhages, and Janeway's lesions Immunologic phenomena: glomerulonephritis, Osler's nodes, Roth's spots, and rheumatoid factor Microbiologic evidence: positive blood culture but does not meet a major criterion as noted above * or serological evidence of active infection with organism consistent with IE Echocardiographic minor criteria eliminated Echocardiography should be performed in all patients with suspected infective endocarditis (Baddour et al., 2005)
    keywords: acute; adults; antibiotics; bacterial; bite; blood; cause; children; chronic; culture; daily; days; diagnosis; diarrhea; discharge; disease; endocarditis; fever; gram; hepatitis; infection; influenza; lesions; months; negative; pain; patients; present; risk; skin; sor; symptoms; testing; therapy; treatment; use; vaccine; virus; weeks; women; wounds
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        item: #68 of 191
          id: cord-029172-fctcfoak
      author: Romano, John L.
       title: Politics of Prevention: Reflections From the COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2020-07-13
       words: 8403
      flesch: 34
     summary: This discussion is followed by the influence of political considerations on prevention interventions, whether smaller scale interventions or major global interventions recommended to contain COVID-19. They are presented as examples of theories with long histories studying prevention interventions and relevant within a COVID-19 prevention context.
    keywords: community; covid-19; example; health; interventions; pandemic; prevention; psychology; public; recommendations; research; school; science; states; united; virus
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        item: #69 of 191
          id: cord-029236-6fptiwmy
      author: Walters, Anne
       title: Inequities in access to education: Lessons from the COVID‐19 pandemic
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 946
      flesch: 54
     summary: On May 23, The Boston Globe noted that 20% of Boston public school students have not logged into their virtual learning programs since May 4 (Tonnes, 2020) . Half of students did not have access to a computer, and 40% did not have internet access.
    keywords: access; children; school
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        item: #70 of 191
          id: cord-032716-i6hfj8ca
      author: Hufbauer, Gary Clyde
       title: What's new in economic sanctions?
        date: 2020-09-25
       words: 7986
      flesch: 52
     summary: When Trump revoked US participation in the Iranian nuclear agreement and imposed secondary sanctions against firms doing business with Iran (mainly energy deals), third countries became subject to US sanctions. Finally, a group of 58 NGOs impelled US sanctions against senior Burmese military leaders responsible for severe violations of human rights during episodes of killing Rohingya people.
    keywords: china; chinese; countries; european; firms; iran; korea; measures; military; policy; russia; sanctions; states; targets; tariffs; trade; trump; united
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        item: #71 of 191
          id: cord-033687-djkljey2
      author: Druckman, James N.
       title: How Affective Polarization Shapes Americans’ Political Beliefs: A Study of Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2020-08-24
       words: 4563
      flesch: 38
     summary: We argue that those who exhibit high levels of affective polarization politicize ostensibly apolitical issues and actors. An experiment focused on responses to COVID-19 that relies on pre-pandemic, exogenous measures of affective polarization supports our expectations.
    keywords: covid-19; pandemic; polarization; response; states; trump; united
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        item: #72 of 191
          id: cord-033873-5mexup0n
      author: Jain, Lucky
       title: Racial Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes Are a Blight on Our Progress
        date: 2020-10-16
       words: 529
      flesch: 50
     summary: The authors cover a wide array of topics, including prematurity, infections, maternal conditions, and racial disparities, to name just a few. Studies such as these questioned previously held beliefs about racial differences in birth outcomes resulting from genetic differences and laid bare the consequences of life in the United States as a person of color.
    keywords: disparities; women
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        item: #73 of 191
          id: cord-170666-zjwlmzj3
      author: Liu, Shinan
       title: Characterizing Service Provider Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
        date: 2020-11-01
       words: 5181
      flesch: 53
     summary: Considering an expected surge around the dates when states issued stayat-home orders or declared states of emergency, we seek to observe possible changes in the latency and throughput of network traffic across locations. Another paper used network traffic to determine campus occupancy at the effect of COVID-19 related policies on three campus populations across Singapore and the United States [24] .
    keywords: capacity; changes; covid-19; internet; isps; latency; network; providers; states; traffic
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        item: #74 of 191
          id: cord-177001-ron8oqrn
      author: Afshordi, Niayesh
       title: Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 9985
      flesch: 37
     summary: key: cord-177001-ron8oqrn authors: Afshordi, Niayesh; Holder, Benjamin; Bahrami, Mohammad; Lichtblau, Daniel title: Diverse local epidemics reveal the distinct effects of population density, demographics, climate, depletion of susceptibles, and intervention in the first wave of COVID-19 in the United States date: 2020-07-01 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 177001 cord_uid: ron8oqrn The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused significant mortality and morbidity worldwide, sparing almost no community. We consider the entire set of local epidemics in the United States; a broad selection of demographic, population density, and climate factors; and local mobility data, tracking social distancing interventions, to determine the key factors driving the spread and containment of the virus.
    keywords: counties; covid-19; density; epidemic; et al; figure; growth; infection; mobility; model; mortality; population; population density; rate; time
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        item: #75 of 191
          id: cord-209730-nzcch4ji
      author: Cai, Hengjin
       title: On Digital Currency and the Transfer of World Wealth and Technology Centers
        date: 2020-08-13
       words: 5147
      flesch: 52
     summary: At present, we can see such new currencies in, for example, the United States, where you can use food coupons to buy food or groceries, but you cannot use them to invest or buy luxuries. The third way is to overdraw the future using future wealth to fill the present gap.
    keywords: china; currency; future; people; self; technology; united; wealth
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        item: #76 of 191
          id: cord-252121-s1zxu5vo
      author: Lowe, James
       title: Role of Transportation in Spread of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection, United States
        date: 2014-05-17
       words: 1501
      flesch: 44
     summary: The objective of this study was to assess the risks that harvest facilities and transport vehicles engendered in promoting the initial outbreak of a novel disease organism by estimating the incidence of trailer contamination with PEDV during the unloading process at harvest facilities. Harvest facilities serve as a source of contact between many swine farms with different health statuses.
    keywords: harvest; pedv; pigs; trailers; virus
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        item: #77 of 191
          id: cord-253161-oz1eziy1
      author: Munyikwa, Michelle
       title: MY COVID‐19 DIARY
        date: 2020-06-04
       words: 5026
      flesch: 62
     summary: The hospital is a ghost town, with elective surgeries cancelled and other patients avoiding care for fear of contracting the virus. Other patients, COVID-positive and acting as caregivers for family members who were now at risk, needed help with food, making money, surviving.
    keywords: covid-19; crisis; day; epidemic; hospital; pandemic; patients; philadelphia; response; states; work
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        item: #78 of 191
          id: cord-254978-m8i3q9ww
      author: Christian, Michael D.
       title: Definitive Care for the Critically Ill During a Disaster: Current Capabilities and Limitations From a Task Force for Mass Critical Care Summit Meeting, January 26–27, 2007, Chicago, IL
        date: 2008-05-31
       words: 4554
      flesch: 38
     summary: The deficiency in critical care surge capacity is exacerbated by lack of a sufficient framework to integrate critical care within the overall institutional response and coordination of critical care across local institutions and broader geographic areas. A number of efforts are underway to meet this need, but detailed guidance regarding how to provide critical care for large volumes of patients remains underdeveloped.
    keywords: care; casualty; disaster; health; mass; patients; response; states; surge; united; ventilators
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        item: #79 of 191
          id: cord-255477-okbxllit
      author: Grabau, John C.
       title: Investigation of sudden death from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a foreign-born worker at a resort hotel()
        date: 2004-09-25
       words: 2838
      flesch: 53
     summary: Other TB patients are identified but still die from the disease alone or in conjunction with comorbid conditions. A TB-related sudden death, where TB disease was not suspected or detected until autopsy, led to a large contact investigation and prompted the New York State Department of Health to look into other TB deaths in an effort to identify patterns where TB disease may have gone undetected and to identify opportunities for intervention to prevent transmission of infection and subsequent development of disease.
    keywords: contacts; death; individuals; investigation; patient; resort
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        item: #80 of 191
          id: cord-255574-gqekw0si
      author: Samanta, Indranil
       title: Chapter 14 Biosecurity Strategies for Backyard Poultry: A Controlled Way for Safe Food Production
        date: 2018-12-31
       words: 13646
      flesch: 46
     summary: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Soil as a source of dioxin contamination in eggs from free-range hens on a Polish farm Zoonotic public health hazards in backyard chickens Raising chickens in city backyards: the public health role Dynamics of Avian coronavirus circulation in commercial and non-commercial birds in Asia: a review Contact variables for exposure to Avian influenza H5N1 virus at the human-animal interface First reported incursion of highly pathogenic notifiable Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses from clade 2.3.2 into European poultry Comparison of Escherichia coli isolates implicated in human urinary tract infection and Avian colibacillosis Detection of T-and B-cell target antigens of Fowl Pox virus isolated from backyard chickens in India Molecular characterization of Fowl Pox Virus isolates from backyard poultry Possible Avian influenza (H5N1) from migratory bird Egypt An active serological survey of antibodies to newcastle disease and Avian influenza (H9N2) viruses in the unvaccinated backyard poultry in Bushehr province Pakistan poultry sector still on an upward swing Status of rural poultry production in North 24 Parganas district of West Bengal Endogenous recipes for controlling arthropod ectoparasites of domestic poultry Towards good livestock policies: backyard poultry farming through self-help groups in West Bengal Salmonella Livestock as a reservoir of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing gram negative organisms Current scenario of backyard poultry farming in West Bengal Virulence repertoire, characterization, and antibiotic resistance pattern analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from backyard layers and their environment in India Comparative possession of Shiga toxin, intimin, enterohaemolysin and major extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) genes in Escherichia coli isolated from backyard and farmed poultry Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated from backyard poultry flocks in West Bengal India Evaluation of egg production after adoption of biosecurity strategies by backyard poultry farmers in West Bengal Participatory evaluation of chicken health and production constraints in Ethiopia Animal sources of human salmonellosis Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-major pathogens Putative human and Avian risk factors for Avian influenza virus infections in backyard poultry in Egypt Measuring the costs of biosecurity on poultry farms: a case study in broiler production in Finland Axone, an ethnic probiotic containing food, reduces age of sexual maturity and increases poultry production Ecological sources of zoonotic diseases Open burning of household waste: effect of experimental condition on combustion quality and emission of PCDD PCDF and PCB Emergence and predominance of an H5N1 influenza variant in China Immunology of Avian influenza virus: a review Update on molecular epidemiology of H1, H5, and H7 influenza virus infections in poultry in North America Backyard poultry raising in Bangladesh: a valued resource for the villagers and a setting for zoonotic transmission of Avian influenza-a qualitative study Bangladeshi backyard poultry raisers' perceptions and practices related to zoonotic transmission of Avian influenza Variation in qualitative traits in Bhutanese indigenous chickens New outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic Avian influenza in domestic poultry and wild birds in Cambodia in 2011 A framework to reduce infectious disease risk from urban poultry in the United States Diagnostic and clinical observation on the infectious bronchitis virus strain Q1 in Italy Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in the backyard chicken: a retrospective histopathologic case series Poultry '04 Part Bangladesh Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Cluster randomized trials of the impact of biosecurity measures of poultry health in backyard flocks Biosecurity measures for backyard poultry in developing countries: a systematic review Surveillance for Avian influenza and Newcastle disease in backyard poultry flocks in Côte d'Ivoire Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in an urban poultry flock Dairying & Fisheries (DADF), 2013.
    keywords: avian; backyard; backyard birds; backyard chickens; backyard flocks; backyard poultry; bangladesh; biosecurity; birds; chickens; countries; disease; et al; farmers; farming; flocks; h5n1; hpai; human; india; infection; influenza; new; poultry; production; risk; states; transmission; united; virus; water; west
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        item: #81 of 191
          id: cord-257524-69fcw7ol
      author: Tetro, Jason A.
       title: From hidden outbreaks to epidemic emergencies: the threat associated with neglecting emerging pathogens
        date: 2018-06-27
       words: 4809
      flesch: 41
     summary: A streptococcal infections in the United States Epidemic of group A Streptococcus M/emm59 causing invasive disease in Canada Emergence of a new highly successful acapsular group a Streptococcus clade of genotype emm89 in the United Kingdom The whole iceberg: estimating the incidence of yellow fever virus infection from the number of severe cases Existing and potential infection risk zones of yellow fever worldwide: a modelling analysis The first detected airline introductions of yellow fever mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) to Europe, at Schiphol International airport, The Netherlands. Infectious disease outbreaks are common worldwide.
    keywords: auris; candida; disease; epidemic; fever; human; infection; outbreak; pathogen; potential; spread; virus
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        item: #82 of 191
          id: cord-257751-n7w1psr4
      author: Halperin, Daniel T.
       title: Coping With COVID-19: Learning From Past Pandemics to Avoid Pitfalls and Panic
        date: 2020-06-30
       words: 6384
      flesch: 50
     summary: [47] [48] Because young people typically come in contact with many other children and adults, they are often efficient spreaders of respiratory pathogens. Most of those who do drive or go outdoors use masks (needlessly) even when far away from other people.
    keywords: cases; children; coronavirus; countries; covid-19; deaths; health; new; pandemic; people; risk; schools; states; transmission
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        item: #83 of 191
          id: cord-258783-ev0h95b9
      author: Kapil, Sanjay
       title: Canine Distemper Spillover in Domestic Dogs from Urban Wildlife
        date: 2011-11-30
       words: 7347
      flesch: 35
     summary: A multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) for diagnosis of natural infection with canine distemper virus Genotyping canine distemper virus (CDV) by a hemi-nested multiplex PCR provides a rapid approach for investigation of CDV outbreaks Vaccination of dogs with modified distemper virus Broadly reactive pan-paramyxovirus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis for the detection of canine distemper virus in a case of canine meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology American Animal Hospital Association Canine Vaccine Task Force Distempter vaccination of dogs: factors which could cause vaccine failure Age and long-term protective immunity in dogs and cats Three-year duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine Three-year duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine Effect of vaccination with recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine immediately before exposure under shelter-like conditions Canine parvovirus potentiates canine distemper encephalitis attributable to modified live-virus vaccine Control of canine distemper Comparative analyses of canine distemper viral isolates from clinical cases of canine distemper in vaccinated dogs Heterogeneity within the hemagglutinin genes of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains detected in Italy Epidemiological observations on recent outbreaks of canine distemper in Tokyo area Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain 007Lm, a new isolate in dogs Identification of a genetic variant of canine distemper virus from clinical cases in two vaccinated dogs in Mexico Phylogenetic characterization of canine distemper viruses detected in naturally infected dogs in North America The identification of frequent variations in the fusion protein of canine distemper virus Canine distemper viruses expressing a hemagglutinin without N-glycans lose virulence but retain immunosuppression Inactivation of viruses by benzalkonium chloride Inactivation of laboratory animal RNA-viruses by physicochemical treatment Canine distemper virus: the emergence of new variants Identification of a new genotype of canine distemper virus circulating in America Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of current wild-type canine distemper viruses from South Africa: lineage Africa Detection by RT-PCR and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus from vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs in Argentina Dog distemper: imported into Europe from South America Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores Cross-species recombination in the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus A distinct CDV genotype causing a major epidemic in Alpine wildlife Emergence of canine distemper in Bavarian wildlife associated with a specific amino acid exchange in the haemagglutinin protein The evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the paramyxoviridae Genetically distant American canine distemper virus lineages have recently caused epizootics with somewhat different characteristics in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the USA Canine distemper outbreak in Rhesus monkeys Natural infection with canine distemper virus in a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) Nearby clusters of hemagglutinin residues sustain slam-dependent canine distemper virus entry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells Identification of key residues in virulent canine distemper virus hemagglutinin that control CD150/SLAM-binding activity In vitro canine distemper virus infection of canine lymphoid cells: a prelude to oncolytic therapy for lymphoma Host range and receptor utilization of canine distemper virus analyzed by recombinant viruses: Involvement of heparin-like molecule in CDV infection Lymphocyte-mediated immune cytotoxicity in dogs infected with virulent canine distemper virus Pathogenesis and immunopathology of systemic and nervous canine distemper Morbilliviruses use signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (CD150) as cellular receptors Efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper viruses in Vero cell expressing canine SLAM (CD150) and their adaptability to marmoset B95a cells Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against four structural components of canine distemper virus Antigenic differences in the H proteins of canine distemper viruses USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics.
    keywords: animals; canine; cdv; disease; distemper; dogs; infection; populations; species; states; strains; united; vaccination; vaccine; virus; wildlife
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        item: #84 of 191
          id: cord-261788-f728j3bb
      author: Sabater González, Mikel
       title: Emergencies and Critical Care of Commonly Kept Fowl
        date: 2016-03-02
       words: 7744
      flesch: 44
     summary: Postmortem findings in affected birds include splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, airsacculitis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. However, after adequate therapy, there is no currently available test to ascertain whether affected birds are no longer carriers; therefore, treatment should be carefully considered, because of its zoonotic risk, especially in collections open to the public.
    keywords: animals; avian; birds; blood; body; cause; chickens; condition; disease; ducks; fluid; fowl; lead; pressure; signs; species; therapy; treatment; waterfowl
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        item: #85 of 191
          id: cord-262892-n38r8n70
      author: Sheikh, Jamila
       title: Nutritional Care of the Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective
        date: 2015-05-08
       words: 6642
      flesch: 32
     summary: The global pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has had grave consequences in the lives of affected infants, children, and adolescents, with more than 33% of infant and child mortality attributed to HIV infection in endemic locations [1] . In adults, opportunistic infections (OIs) are often secondary to the reactivation of pathogens acquired before HIV infection.
    keywords: cart; children; disease; fat; growth; hiv; infants; infection; nutrition; states; therapy; united; virus; weight
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        item: #86 of 191
          id: cord-263261-xhem8l39
      author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
       title: Bismarck and the Long Road to Universal Health Coverage
        date: 2018-03-30
       words: 16280
      flesch: 41
     summary: Health care systems and financing are under pressure everywhere, not only to assure access to health for all citizens, but also to keep up with advancing medical technology, and contain the cost increase at sustainable levels. The foundations of public responsibility for health care systems go back to ancient Greece and Rome where city states employed municipal doctors to service the poor and slaves.
    keywords: access; care; cost; countries; coverage; development; government; health; health care; health insurance; health services; health systems; hospital; income; insurance; national; percent; population; public; services; social; states; systems; united; universal; world
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        item: #87 of 191
          id: cord-263438-9ra94uda
      author: Snowden, Frank M.
       title: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective
        date: 2008-09-19
       words: 14396
      flesch: 42
     summary: key: cord-263438-9ra94uda authors: Snowden, Frank M. title: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective date: 2008-09-19 journal: Immunol Rev DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00677.x sha: doc_id: 263438 cord_uid: 9ra94uda Summary: Between mid‐century and 1992, there was a consensus that the battle against infectious diseases had been won, and the Surgeon General announced that it was time to close the book. The increasing virulence of dengue fever with dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome disproved the theory of the evolution toward commensalism, and the discovery of the microbial origins of peptic ulcer demonstrated the reach of infectious diseases.
    keywords: aids; care; century; dengue; diseases; epidemic; global; health; human; infections; major; malaria; national; new; people; poverty; public; response; sars; states; surveillance; threat; time; united; world
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        item: #88 of 191
          id: cord-263599-cqol8zf2
      author: Goodman, Larry
       title: Infectious diarrhea
        date: 1999-07-31
       words: 11536
      flesch: 47
     summary: Table 4 summarizes the characteristics of the various E coli diarrhea pathogens. Other bacteria, parasites, and viruses account for a significant percentage of diarrhea cases and frequently go undetected.
    keywords: campylobacter; cases; cause; coli; diarrhea; disease; fever; food; infection; organisms; pathogens; patients; risk; salmonella; states; stool; syndrome; toxin; treatment; water
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        item: #89 of 191
          id: cord-263667-5g51n27e
      author: Steele, James Harlan
       title: Veterinary public health: Past success, new opportunities
        date: 2008-09-15
       words: 11261
      flesch: 56
     summary: The relation of animal diseases to human disease was observed in the ancient civilizations of Babylon, the Nile Valley, and China and noted by Leviticus in the Old Testament, and later by Hippocrates in Greece, and Virgil and Galen in Rome. The movement of animal diseases into the Americas is believed to have been in the support of the settlements founded by Columbus in Santo Domingo in 1493.
    keywords: animal; animal health; century; control; diseases; fever; food; health; human; medical; medicine; meyer; milk; new; program; public; rabies; states; tuberculosis; united; veterinarians; veterinary; war; world; years
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        item: #90 of 191
          id: cord-265017-byyx2y47
      author: Ryan, Jeffrey R.
       title: Seeds of Destruction
        date: 2016-03-25
       words: 9272
      flesch: 52
     summary: Biological agents are no exception to this rule. As such, biowarfare (biological warfare) has a historical aspect to it that must be considered here because advances in the use of biological agents over the last century are one of the main reasons why bioterrorism exists today.
    keywords: agents; anthrax; biodefense; bioterrorism; bioweapons; disease; health; history; outbreak; people; potential; program; soviet; spores; states; united; use; virus; warfare; weapons
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        item: #91 of 191
          id: cord-265292-yyh1kikb
      author: Hossain, Liaquat
       title: Evolutionary longitudinal network dynamics of global zoonotic research
        date: 2015-03-18
       words: 4250
      flesch: 48
     summary: Clustering and mapping VOSviewer 1.5.4 is used for displaying the structure of countries network. As such, it seems that after 2006 the community of collaborating countries is more focused on having more collaboration with other existing countries in the community and strengthening these collaborative relationships. Countries network measures and maps over time Table 4 demonstrates the measures of countries network in different periods.
    keywords: collaboration; countries; network; number; publications; research; united
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        item: #92 of 191
          id: cord-265300-jcpyrlw9
      author: Lichtenstein, Bronwen
       title: From “Coffin Dodger” to “Boomer Remover”: Outbreaks of Ageism in Three Countries With Divergent Approaches to Coronavirus Control
        date: 2020-07-28
       words: 3570
      flesch: 58
     summary: Posters to other forums debated the pros and cons of isolating older people, with herd immunity proponents offering the harshest views of older adults as a drain on society. This article compares responses to coronavirus control in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, 3 countries in which public ageism erupted over the social and economic costs of protecting older adults from Covid-19.
    keywords: adults; age; australia; covid-19; herd; immunity; kingdom; states; united
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        item: #93 of 191
          id: cord-267960-r5m7o9dp
      author: Hourdel, Véronique
       title: Rapid Genomic Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 by Direct Amplicon-Based Sequencing Through Comparison of MinION and Illumina iSeq100(TM) System
        date: 2020-09-25
       words: 4469
      flesch: 43
     summary: The RAMPART tool (Read Assignment, Mapping, and Phylogenetic Analysis in Real Time) developed by the ARTIC network has been used to visualize genome coverage in real time and reference matching for each barcode. Concerning the bioinformatics analysis, the RAMPART tool (Read Assignment, Mapping and Phylogenetic Analysis in Real Time) developed by the ARTIC network was helpful and time-saving to visualize genome coverage in real time and allowed to stop the run when sufficient data were generated.
    keywords: cov-2; genome; illumina; iseq100; minion; samples; sars; sequencing; system; time
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        item: #94 of 191
          id: cord-268331-m4hqxna2
      author: Beck, Teresa L.
       title: Medical Care for Undocumented Immigrants: National and International Issues
        date: 2018-11-16
       words: 4035
      flesch: 41
     summary: Final report to The Commonwealth Fund The impact of unauthorized immigrants on the budgets of state and local governments CMS issues proposed changes in conditions of participation requirements and payment provisions for rural health clinics and federally qualified health centers Health care for undocumented migrants: European approaches Providing primary health care to immigrants and refugees: the North Hamilton experience National immigration policy and access to health care: American College of Physicians -a position paper American Academy of Family Physicians: STRONG MEDICINE for America Nursing beyond borders: access to health care for documented and undocumented immigrants living in the US Health care for undocumented immigrants in Texas: past, present, and future Care of undocumented-uninsured immigrants in a large urban dialysis unit Diagnostic evaluation of newly arrived asymptomatic refugees with eosinophilia Better primary health care for refugees -catch up immunisation The message of 187: facing up to illegal immigration Do the right thing. The UI population is often of lower socioeconomic status, which adds to the difficulties accessing health care.
    keywords: access; care; health; immigrants; population; services; states; uis; undocumented; united
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        item: #95 of 191
          id: cord-269788-vfdoelk4
      author: Atutornu, Jerome
       title: A Survey Exploring Personalized Medicine among of Radiography Academics within the United Kingdom
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 4392
      flesch: 42
     summary: The authors felt this sample offered an insight into the concept of PM among radiography academics. In short, it could be argued that the concept of PM may not be widely understood among radiography academics in the United Kingdom.
    keywords: academics; health; imaging; medicine; radiography; study; survey
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        item: #96 of 191
          id: cord-269958-nj0ub9in
      author: Woods, Eric Taylor
       title: COVID‐19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis: A scholarly exchange
        date: 2020-07-19
       words: 10582
      flesch: 45
     summary: Greenfeld argues that ethnic nationalism is a key variable shaping the responses of many states to COVID-19 when compared with previous pandemics such as H1N1. In the monotheistic civilization alone, in which ethnic nationalism is indeed the most common type, there exist two other types of nationalism: individualistic nationalism (such as the original English one) and collectivistic-civic nationalism (such as the French).
    keywords: anti; china; chinese; conflict; covid-19; crisis; global; government; greenfeld; nationalism; new; pandemic; people; states; united; united states; virus; world
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        item: #97 of 191
          id: cord-271687-sxl8g85p
      author: Mathews, Fiona
       title: Chapter 8 Zoonoses in Wildlife: Integrating Ecology into Management
        date: 2009-03-14
       words: 7884
      flesch: 41
     summary: The spatio-temporal distribution of Mycobacterium bovis (bovine tuberculosis) infection in a high-density badger population Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Model Building, Analysis and Interpretation What links bats to emerging infectious diseases Positive and negative effects of widespread badger culling on tuberculosis in cattle Impact of localized badger culling on tuberculosis incidence in British cattle Elevated testosterone and reduced 5-HIAA concentrations are associated with wounding and hantavirus infection in male Norway rats A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by Norway Immunological mechanisms mediating Hantavirus persistence in rodent reservoirs Screening of active lyssavirus infection in wild bat populations by viral RNA or oropharyngeal swabs Microsatellite analysis reveals that female mice are indiscriminate when choosing infected or dominant males in an arena setting A spatial model of shared risk for plague and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States Ecologically based control, including the management of conditions leading to spill‐overs into target host populations, is likely to be more effective and sustainable than simple reductions in wildlife populations alone.
    keywords: animals; bats; btb; cattle; control; culling; disease; et al; host; infection; population; rabies; species; transmission; virus; wildlife
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        item: #98 of 191
          id: cord-272630-2na1gndu
      author: Benito, Daniel A.
       title: Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations
        date: 2020-08-20
       words: 2089
      flesch: 37
     summary: key: cord-272630-2na1gndu authors: Benito, Daniel A.; Pasick, Luke; Mulcahy, Collin F.; Rajasekaran, Karthik; Todd-Hesham, Hosai; Joshi, Arjun S.; Goodman, Joseph F.; Thakkar, Punam title: Local spikes in COVID-19 cases: Recommendations for maintaining otolaryngology clinic operations date: 2020-08-20 journal: Am J Otolaryngol DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102688 sha: doc_id: 272630 cord_uid: 2na1gndu The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented economic and public health crisis in the United States. As otolaryngologists prepare to weather the storm of impending local surges in COVID-19 infections there are several practical measures that can be taken to mitigate the risk to ourselves and our staff.
    keywords: covid-19; otolaryngology; patients; procedures; recommendations; staff
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        item: #99 of 191
          id: cord-273064-c58nf9vb
      author: Hallowell, Benjamin D.
       title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Exposure among Evacuees from Wuhan, China, 2020
        date: 2020-09-17
       words: 3535
      flesch: 39
     summary: key: cord-273064-c58nf9vb authors: Hallowell, Benjamin D.; Carlson, Christina M.; Jacobs, Jesica R.; Pomeroy, Mary; Steinberg, Jonathan; Tenforde, Mark W.; McDonald, Emily; Foster, Loretta; Feldstein, Leora R.; Rolfes, Melissa A.; Haynes, Amber; Abedi, Glen R.; Odongo, George S.; Saruwatari, Kim; Rider, Errin C.; Douville, Gina; Bhakta, Neenaben; Maniatis, Panagiotis; Lindstrom, Stephen; Thornburg, Natalie J.; Lu, Xiaoyan; Whitaker, Brett L.; Kamili, Shifaq; Sakthivel, Senthilkumar K.; Wang, Lijuan; Malapati, Lakshmi; Murray, Janna R.; Lynch, Brian; Cetron, Martin; Brown, Clive; Roohi, Shahrokh; Rotz, Lisa; Borntrager, Denise; Ishii, Kenta; Moser, Kathleen; Rasheed, Mohammad; Freeman, Brandi; Lester, Sandra; Corbett, Kizzmekia S.; Abiona, Olubukola M.; Hutchinson, Geoffrey B.; Graham, Barney S.; Pesik, Nicki; Mahon, Barbara; Braden, Christopher; Behravesh, Casey Barton; Stewart, Rebekah; Knight, Nancy; Hall, Aron J.; Killerby, Marie E. title: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Prevalence, Seroprevalence, and Exposure among Evacuees from Wuhan, China, 2020 date: 2020-09-17 journal: Emerg Infect Dis DOI: 10.3201/eid2609.201590 sha: doc_id: 273064 cord_uid: c58nf9vb To determine prevalence of, seroprevalence of, and potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among a cohort of evacuees returning to the United States from Wuhan, China, in January 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study of quarantined evacuees from 1 repatriation flight. To determine prevalence of, seroprevalence of, and potential exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among a cohort of evacuees returning to the United States from Wuhan, China, in January 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional study of quarantined evacuees from 1 repatriation flight.
    keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; evacuees; sars; states; united; wuhan
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        item: #100 of 191
          id: cord-273099-zkk5d6gd
      author: Muzumdar, Jagannath M.
       title: Vaccine supply, demand, and policy: A primer
        date: 2016-01-01
       words: 7504
      flesch: 42
     summary: Thus, the dearth of suppliers appears to have affected the stability of vaccine supply. Specifically, we sought to (1) highlight issues faced by vaccine manufacturers that make the vaccine industry a unique segment of the prescription drug industry, (2) provide an overview of the vaccine market with regards to vaccine supply and demand, and (3) provide an overview and critical evaluation of policy options proposed and implemented by various parties to address vaccine supply and demand problems.
    keywords: act; children; costs; demand; development; fda; health; immunization; market; policy; products; safety; states; supply; united; vaccination; vaccine
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        item: #101 of 191
          id: cord-273610-cfoq3r3i
      author: Tian, Peng-Fei
       title: Evidence of Recombinant Strains of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, United States, 2013
        date: 2014-10-17
       words: 1646
      flesch: 43
     summary: Similar to most of the sequences recently documented in PEDV strains in China and the United States, the S genes of the 24 samples have a 4,161-nt sequence that, compared with the prototype CV777 strain, shows 97.9%-100% sequence identities, and contain 2 notable insertions at amino acids (aa) 56-59 (IGEN) and 139 (N) and a deletion of 2 aa (GK) at aa positions 160 and 161 at the N terminus (6) . Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine Isolation and characterization of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China Chinese-like strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain USA/Colorado/2013 from the United States Origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the United States Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea in suckling piglets Emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences Pathology of US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC21A in gnotobiotic pigs Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission Multiplex reverse transcription-PCR for rapid differential detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and
    keywords: pedv; states; strains; united
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        item: #102 of 191
          id: cord-273789-sbppgkza
      author: Donohoe, Holly
       title: Lyme disease: Current issues, implications, and recommendations for tourism management
        date: 2014-08-20
       words: 10269
      flesch: 32
     summary: Knowing that Lyme disease poses a real and growing threat to the tourism industry, the purpose of this paper is to first, review the scientific literature to identify Lyme disease risk factors and second, to critically assess the implications for tourism management. Modeling the SARS epidemic The relationships between habitat topology, critical scales of connectivity and tick abundance Ixodes ricinus in a heterogeneous landscape in northern Spain Potential for exposure to tick bites in recreational parks in a Lyme disease endemic area Integrated assessment of behavioural and environmental risk factors for Lyme disease infection on Block Island Environmental risk and prevention of Lyme disease Belief, attitude, intention, and behaviour: An introduction to theory and research Tick-borne diseases: an evaluation of a Lyme disease prevention education program for eight, nine, and ten year olds Prevalence of Lyme disease agents and several emerging pathogens in questing ticks from the German Baltic coast Prevention and prophylaxis of tick bites and tick-borne related diseases Present and future technologies for tick control Theory, Research, and Practice Environmental risk factors for Lyme disease identified with geographic information systems Lyme disease in New Jersey outdoor workers: a statewide survey of seroprevalence and tick exposure Norovirus gastroenteritis Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding Lyme disease prevention among Connecticut residents, 1999e2004.
    keywords: areas; behaviour; control; disease; et al; health; human; infection; knowledge; lyme; lyme disease; management; prevention; public; research; risk; states; tick; tourism; united; workers
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        item: #103 of 191
          id: cord-274061-ynqxgyw6
      author: Epstein, Jay S.
       title: Blood system changes since recognition of transfusion‐associated AIDS
        date: 2013-10-17
       words: 6257
      flesch: 34
     summary: Improving Blood Safety and Supply in the U.S The efficiency of HIV p24 antigen screening of US blood donors: projections versus reality Risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection from blood donors who later developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission by blood transfusions before the implementation of HIV-1 antibody screening Guidelines for counseling persons with human T-lymphotropic virus Type I (HTLV-I) and Type II (HTLV-II) Jaundice occurring one to four months after transfusion of blood or plasma: report of seven cases A serologic follow-up of the 1942 epidemic of post-vaccination hepatitis in the United States Army A new antigen in leukemia sera Australia antigen and acute viral hepatitis Immunologic distinction between infectious and serum hepatitis Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection Posttransfusion hepatitis after open-heart operations Serum hepatitis from transfusions of blood Posttransfusion hepatitis after exclusion of the commercial and hepatitis B antigen positive donor Hepatitis A: detection by immune electron microscopy of a virus-like antigen associated with acute illness Transfusion-associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B Posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis: physiochemical properties of two distinct agents Inactivation of hepatitis B virus and non-A, non-B virus by chloroform Determining the size of non-A, non-B hepatitis virus by filtration The chronic sequelae of non-A, non-B hepatitis Serum alanine aminotransferase of donors in relation to the risk of non-A, non-B hepatitis in recipients: the transfusion-transmitted virus study The relationship of donor transaminase (ALT) to recipient hepatitis: impact on blood transfusion services Hepatitis C virus and eliminating post-transfusion hepatitis Hepatitis B virus antibody in blood donors and the occurrence of non-A, non-B hepatitis in transfusion recipients: an analysis of the Transfusion-Transmitted Virus Study Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen as a paradoxical marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis agents in donated blood Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of non-A, non-B hepatitis Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and update on West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusions West Nile Virus Transmission Investigation Team. Transmission of West Nile virus through blood transfusion in the United States in 2002 As West Nile virus season heats up, blood safety testing lags behind West Nile virus among blood donors in the United States Screening the blood supply for West Nile virus RNA by nucleic acid amplification testing Triggers for switching from minipool testing by nucleic acid technology to individual-donation nucleic acid testing for West Nile virus: analysis of 2003 data to inform 2004 decision making Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Estimation of epidemic size and incubation time based on age characteristics of vCJD in the United Kingdom Uncertainty due to model choice in variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease projections Guidance for industry: revised preventive measures to reduce the possible risk of transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) by blood and blood products Transfusion transmission of human prion diseases Transfusion-associated Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) in Mexico: implications for transfusion medicine in the United States Guidance for industry: use of serological tests to reduce the risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in whole blood and blood components intended for transfusion Trypanosoma cruzi in Los Angeles and Miami blood donors: impact of evolving donor demographics on seroprevalence and implications for transfusion transmission Epidemiological and laboratory findings from 3 years of testing United States blood donors for Trypanosoma cruzi The United States Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Study: evidence for vector-borne transmission of the parasite that causes Chagas disease among United States blood donors Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management.
    keywords: aids; blood; disease; donors; fda; hepatitis; non; risk; safety; screening; testing; transfusion; transmission; united; virus
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        item: #104 of 191
          id: cord-274862-x580ktas
      author: Thomaier, L.
       title: Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic
        date: 2020-06-12
       words: 2362
      flesch: 46
     summary: key: cord-274862-x580ktas authors: Thomaier, L.; Teoh, D.; Jewett, P.; Beckwith, H.; Parsons, H.; Yuan, J.; Blaes, A. H.; Lou, E.; Hui, J. Y. C.; Vogel, R. I. title: Emotional health concerns of oncology physicians in the United States: fallout during the COVID-19 pandemic date: 2020-06-12 journal: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.11.20128702 sha: doc_id: 274862 cord_uid: x580ktas Introduction: Cancer care is significantly impacted by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among oncology physicians in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic is high.
    keywords: anxiety; covid-19; depression; preprint; symptoms
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        item: #105 of 191
          id: cord-275033-y9z9l0ji
      author: Carter-Pokras, O.
       title: The Role of Epidemiology in Informing United States Childhood Immunization Policy and Practice
        date: 2020-10-14
       words: 8536
      flesch: 31
     summary: [19] [20] The increased availability and recommendations for more childhood vaccines represent remarkable achievements of the maturing immunization system of the United States to prevent vaccine preventable diseases, but have contributed to growing concerns about vaccine safety acceptability. This led to recommendations for two doses of measles vaccines, one at 12-15 months and a second at 4 to 6 years of age.
    keywords: care; children; coverage; development; disease; evidence; health; immunization; measles; national; new; policy; public; states; united; vaccination; vaccine
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        item: #106 of 191
          id: cord-275420-zkxyxiv5
      author: Crabtree, Scott J.
       title: The role of multidisciplinary infection prevention teams in identifying community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States
        date: 2020-07-23
       words: 1191
      flesch: 45
     summary: key: cord-275420-zkxyxiv5 authors: Crabtree, Scott J.; Cohen, Stuart H. title: The role of multidisciplinary infection prevention teams in identifying community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States date: 2020-07-23 journal: Infection control and hospital epidemiology DOI: 10.1017/ice.2020.360 sha: doc_id: 275420 cord_uid: zkxyxiv5 Antimicrobial stewardship handshake rounds, involving the regular in-person interaction between stewardship teams and frontline providers, were first rolled out at Children's Hospital Colorado in 2013, with good results.
    keywords: case; patient; team
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        item: #107 of 191
          id: cord-275494-fan1rta9
      author: Childs, J.E.
       title: Animal-based national surveillance for zoonotic disease: Quality, limitations, and implications of a model system for monitoring rabies
        date: 2007-03-17
       words: 4440
      flesch: 28
     summary: United States Department of Agriculture Population density, survival, and rabies in raccoons in an urban national park Modern Epidemiology Predictive spatial dynamics and strategic planning for raccoon rabies emergence in Ohio A priori prediction of disease invasion dynamics in a novel environment Animal Disease Surveillance and Survey Systems; Methods and Applications Status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the United States Predicting the spatial dynamics of rabies epidemics on heterogeneous landscapes Assessing the role of long-distance translocation and spatial heterogeneity in the raccoon rabies epidemic in Connecticut Molecular epidemiology Antigenic characteristics of isolates associated with a new epizootic of raccoon rabies in the United States Bait delivery for oral rabies vaccine to gray foxes Epidemiology of raccoon rabies in Virginia, 1984 to 1989 Diagnostic evaluation Profiles of General Demographic Characteristics Emergence of raccoon rabies in Connecticut, 1991-1994: spatial and temporal characteristics of animal infection and human contact The authors thank the state and territorial health departments, agriculture departments, and laboratories for their contributions of rabies surveillance data. The national surveillance system for animal rabies in the United States was examined as a model system; reporting of animal rabies is legally mandated, each case of rabies is laboratory confirmed, and data have been consistently collected for more than 50 years.
    keywords: animal; counties; county; rabies; raccoon; states; surveillance
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        item: #108 of 191
          id: cord-275620-b7iy3w6l
      author: Brown, Clive M.
       title: Airport Exit and Entry Screening for Ebola — August–November 10, 2014
        date: 2014-12-12
       words: 3096
      flesch: 33
     summary: On November 17, 2014, CDC and CBP also began screening for Ebola travelers from the West African nation of Mali upon entry to the United States after reports of confirmed cases in that country. One strategy recommended by WHO calls for countries with Ebola transmission to screen all persons exiting the country for unexplained febrile illness consistent with potential Ebola infection.
    keywords: countries; ebola; health; public; screening; travelers
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        item: #109 of 191
          id: cord-276758-k2imddzr
      author: Siegel, Jane D.
       title: 2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings
        date: 2007-12-07
       words: 46244
      flesch: 27
     summary: Infection transmission risks are present in all hospital settings. 480, 481 Opportunites exist to conduct research in home care related to infection transmission risks.
    keywords: acute; agents; air; aureus; blood; care facilities; care settings; care unit; care workers; contact; contact precautions; contamination; control practices; disease; environmental; epidemiology; equipment; exposure; facility; factors; gloves; hand; hcws; health care; home care; hospital; hygiene; infection control; infection transmission; infections; influenza; isolation; measures; methicillin; nursing; outbreak; pathogens; patient care; patient transmission; patients; person; person transmission; practices; precautions; prevention; procedures; protection; recommendations; risk; room; safety; sars; standard; staphylococcus; studies; study; surveillance; term care; transmission; tuberculosis; use; vancomycin; virus
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        item: #110 of 191
          id: cord-276797-86hc3lbi
      author: Jamieson, Denise J.
       title: Emerging infectious disease outbreaks: Old lessons and new challenges for obstetrician-gynecologists
        date: 2006-06-30
       words: 7274
      flesch: 44
     summary: The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999 West Nile virus encephalitis in America West Nile virus West Nile virus: Where are we now? Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding: Michigan Intrauterine West Nile virus: ocular and systemic findings West Nile virus meningoencephalitis during pregnancy West Nile virus encephalitis during pregnancy West Nile virus infection: a pediatric perspective West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients Interim guidelines for the evaluation of infants born to mothers infected with West Nile virus during pregnancy DEET: a review and update of safety and risk in the general population DEET-based insect repellents: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women Safety of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-Mtoluamide (DEET) in pregnancy Index case of fatal inhalational anthrax due to bioterrorism in the United States Death due to bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: report of 2 patients Bioterrorism on the home front: a new challenge for American medicine Clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure: report of 2 surviving patients Anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002: updated recommendations for management Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis anthrax crisis in Washington DC: pharmacists' role in screening patients and selecting prophylaxis Anthrax as a biological weapon: medical and public health management: working group on civilian biodefense Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy Anthrax during pregnancy: case reports and review Anthrax peritonitis Case records of the Pahlavi hospitals Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis management of asymptomatic pregnant or lactating women exposed to anthrax Fluoroquinolone toxicity profiles: a review focusing on newer agents Teratogenic effect of drugs: a resource for clinicians TERIS Safety of the new quinolones in pregnancy Updated recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis among asymptomatic pregnant women after exposure to Bacillus anthracis Relationship between prepregnancy anthrax vaccination and pregnancy and birth outcomes among US Army women Status of US Department of Defense preliminary evaluation of the association of anthrax vaccination and congenital anomalies Epidemiologic clues to bioterrorism Ideally, SARS patients should be placed in private rooms, which maintain the negative pressure, and the number of healthcare workers who care for the patient and the number of visitors should be limited.
    keywords: anthrax; cases; disease; infection; nile; nile virus; patients; pregnancy; sars; syndrome; virus; west; west nile; women
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        item: #111 of 191
          id: cord-280059-i72ayr02
      author: Perez, Andres M.
       title: Individual or Common Good? Voluntary Data Sharing to Inform Disease Surveillance Systems in Food Animals
        date: 2019-06-21
       words: 3943
      flesch: 30
     summary: Here, we provide evidence of a national program for voluntary sharing of disease status data that has helped the implementation of surveillance activities that, ultimately, allowed the generation of critically important scientific information to better support disease control activities. Because of the epidemiological features of PRRS virus (PRRSv) transmission, such as high levels of disease incidence, high variability and rapid mutation of the virus, intensiveness of production, and, in some cases, vertical integration of the industry, and limitations of current preventive and control methods, there is not much hope for disease control if programs are not simultaneously implemented at local (i.e., production system level) and regional levels (i.e., state or county levels) (3) (4) (5) (6) .
    keywords: control; data; disease; herds; industry; porcine; prrsv; swine; virus
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        item: #112 of 191
          id: cord-280792-nm30wct0
      author: Neville, Ron
       title: What can health care professionals in the United Kingdom learn from Malawi?
        date: 2009-03-27
       words: 3228
      flesch: 52
     summary: A recent fact-finding visit to Malawi helped us clarify some aspects of health care that may be of relevance to health care professionals in the developed world, including the United Kingdom. Westernization of health care has the inherent risk of promoting consumerism, urbanization and hospital care -none of which is likely to raise the health outcomes for the majority of the population, who live by subsistence agriculture based around village communities with strong family ties.
    keywords: care; health; kingdom; malawi; patients; professionals; united; way
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        item: #113 of 191
          id: cord-281160-e00koo91
      author: Shank, Nancy
       title: A Review of the Role of Cost–Benefit Analyses in 2-1-1 Diffusion
        date: 2012-12-31
       words: 5105
      flesch: 45
     summary: Would you like to review those? Types of cost analyses include CBAs, cost-effectiveness analyses, cost-utility analyses, and cost-feasibility analyses. 39 Formally documented expert-based information, such as cost analyses, may be particularly desired and persuasive when policymakers are developing policy decisions.
    keywords: analyses; benefıts; cbas; cost; diffusion; information; policy; services; state; study
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        item: #114 of 191
          id: cord-283667-jqlz7yt8
      author: Katz, Sophie E.
       title: Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the United States Changing Epidemiology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges, and Areas for Future Research
        date: 2018-03-31
       words: 5260
      flesch: 26
     summary: Volume of blood submitted for culture in routine practice in a children's hospital An epidemiological investigation of a sustained high rate of pediatric parapneumonic empyema: risk factors and microbiological associations Parapneumonic empyema in children: decortication hastens recovery in patients with severe pleural infections Predictive factors of morbidity in childhood parapneumonic effusion-associated pneumonia: a retrospective study Role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in immunocompromised patients Limited utility of polymerase chain reaction in induced sputum specimens for determining the causes of childhood pneumonia in resource-poor settings: findings from the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study The diagnostic utility of induced sputum microscopy and culture in childhood pneumonia Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from adults with community-acquired pneumonia Evaluation of Binax NOW, an assay for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in urine samples, performed among pediatric patients Validation of an immunodiagnostic assay for detection of 13 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype-specific polysaccharides in human urine Comparison of the effect of antibiotic treatment on the possibility of diagnosing invasive pneumococcal disease by culture or molecular methods: a prospective, observational study of children and adolescents with proven pneumococcal infection Determining the microbiological cause of a chest infection Detection of pneumococcal DNA in blood by polymerase chain reaction for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia in young children from low-and middle-income countries Pneumococcal DNA is not detectable in the blood of healthy carrier children by real-time PCR targeting the lytA gene The descriptive epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae nasopharyngeal carriage in children and adults in Kilifi district Carriage of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic children: an observational study Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with communityacquired pneumonia Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defining clinically relevant cutoff values Seasonal invasive pneumococcal disease in children: role of preceding respiratory viral infection Respiratory viruses predisposing to bacterial infections: role of neuraminidase Outbreak of pneumonia in a long-term care facility: antecedent human parainfluenza virus 1 infection may predispose to bacterial pneumonia Critically ill children during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic in the United States Coinfection with Staphylococcus aureus increases risk of severe coagulopathy in critically ill children with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Viral-bacterial coinfection affects the presentation and alters the prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus Complications and associated bacterial coinfections among children hospitalized with seasonal or pandemic influenza Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count and serum C-reactive protein in assessing etiologic diagnosis of acute lower respiratory infections in children Clinical features and inflammatory markers in pediatric pneumonia: a prospective study The utility of biomarkers in differentiating bacterial from non-bacterial lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children: difference of the diagnostic performance between acute pneumonia and bronchitis Diagnostic value of laboratory tests in identifying serious infections in febrile children: systematic review Association of C-reactive protein with bacterial and respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia among children aged <5 years in the PERCH study The utility of serum C-reactive protein in differentiating bacterial from nonbacterial pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis of 1230 children Procalcitonin as a biomarker in respiratory tract infection In vitro and in vivo calcitonin I gene expression in parenchymal cells: a novel product of human adipose tissue Procalcitonin accurately identifies hospitalized children with low risk of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia Effect of procalcitonin-guided treatment on antibiotic use and outcome in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster-randomised, single-blinded intervention trial Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients' exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial Procalcitonin to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment in acute respiratory infections: an individual patient data meta-analysis Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents (ProPAED): a randomized controlled trial Procalcitonin measurements for guiding antibiotic treatment in pediatric pneumonia Whole blood gene expression profiles to assess pathogenesis and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection Superiority of transcriptional profiling over procalcitonin for distinguishing bacterial from viral lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults Association of RNA biosignatures with bacterial infections in febrile infants aged 60 days or younger Rhinovirus detection in symptomatic and asymptomatic children: value of host transcriptome analysis Gene expression patterns in blood leukocytes discriminate patients with acute infections A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia SMART-COP: a tool for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in community-acquired pneumonia Predicting severe pneumonia outcomes in children Identifying targets for antimicrobial stewardship in children's hospitals Impact of a national guideline on antibiotic selection for hospitalized pneumonia Variability in antibiotic prescribing for community-acquired pneumonia Effectiveness of antimicrobial guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia in children Quality improvement methods increase appropriate antibiotic prescribing for childhood pneumonia CAP-IT: Efficacy, safety and impact on antimicrobial resistance of duration and dose of amoxicillin treatment for young children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): A randomised controlled trial Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial to Evaluate Short Course vs. Standard Course Outpatient Therapy of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children (SCOUT-CAP)
    keywords: bacterial; blood; cap; children; community; culture; disease; pathogens; pcr; pediatric; pneumonia; study
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        item: #115 of 191
          id: cord-284573-w0sk622m
      author: Caduff, Carlo
       title: What Went Wrong: Corona and the World after the Full Stop
        date: 2020-07-21
       words: 9279
      flesch: 55
     summary: But health care workers deserve more than patriotic feelings and symbolic gestures; they deserve better health care policies. Outsourced production capacity and insufficient stockpiles of personal protective equipment put nursing home residents, community health care workers, and hospital staff at risk, weakening health care systems further.
    keywords: care; case; countries; covid-19; deaths; disease; health; lockdown; pandemic; people; public; rate; response; testing; virus; world
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        item: #116 of 191
          id: cord-287839-cslrz4yp
      author: Ehnert, Karen
       title: Border Health: Who's Guarding the Gate?
        date: 2009-01-28
       words: 5349
      flesch: 53
     summary: Many imported dogs never are confined properly or inspected for infectious diseases, and many diseases may not be detected readily in imported dogs. Additionally, CBP has the authority to levy a fee on imported animals or products for commercial use, in accordance with the tariff codes.
    keywords: animal; disease; dogs; health; importation; puppies; puppy; rabies; risk; states; trade; united
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        item: #117 of 191
          id: cord-290620-dvlnx2z3
      author: Park, Jewel
       title: Consequences of COVID-19 on international medical graduates and students applying to residencies in the United States
        date: 2020-04-21
       words: 1213
      flesch: 32
     summary: It is uncertain when these medical schools will start receiving visiting medical students again. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand United States Medical Licensing Examination.
    keywords: imgs; medical; states; united
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        item: #118 of 191
          id: cord-291443-ff80mr2a
      author: AlMutlak, Mohammed
       title: Future of Corneal Donation and Transplantation: Insights From COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2020-08-19
       words: 1588
      flesch: 45
     summary: At the end of the day, more research must be conducted on the true risk of viral transmission through donor corneal tissue. Eye banks may start to see push back from surgeons who are noticing a difference in donor tissue characteristics compared with what they were used to pre-COVID in part because of the decreased volume of available tissue and the increased time required for donor tissue screening.
    keywords: covid-19; donor; eye; tissue
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        item: #119 of 191
          id: cord-291803-hsnz2qry
      author: Bhattacharjee, Barnali
       title: “The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Mental Health in USA – A Review with Some Coping Strategies”
        date: 2020-08-23
       words: 4038
      flesch: 49
     summary: The fear of being infected or dying from the disease is one of the most significant causes of mental health disorders. All of the factors mentioned above contribute towards mental health disorders among people.
    keywords: covid-19; disorders; fear; health; healthcare; pandemic; people; states; united
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        item: #120 of 191
          id: cord-292853-xihpfidg
      author: Ford, Julian D.
       title: Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field
        date: 2015-08-07
       words: 18827
      flesch: 28
     summary: Such an approach is consistent with new theoretical views of refugee traumatic stress, which include the concepts of cultural bereavement, cultural trauma, family consequences of refugee trauma, community trauma, and social suffering (Weine, 2008) . Because not all psychologists have expertise in assessing traumatic stress risk and/or social psychological (Continued ) factors, the assessment should be conducted by psychologists who have this specific expertise.
    keywords: abuse; american; children; community; cross; disaster; disorder; exposure; family; girls; groups; health; people; persons; psychological; psychologists; ptsd; refugees; risk; services; stress; stressors; study; symptoms; torture; trauma; treatment; united; violence; women
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        item: #121 of 191
          id: cord-293930-n7cfs3ku
      author: Kading, Rebekah C.
       title: Emergence of Arboviruses in the United States: The Boom and Bust of Funding, Innovation, and Capacity
        date: 2020-06-06
       words: 3741
      flesch: 43
     summary: The passive box trap offered an alternative to CDC light traps, by providing a CO 2 -baited trap that was not reliant on a power source and could be used to sample arbovirus vectors in more remote areas [40] . In 2013, chikungunya (CHIKV) was first reported in the Americas, followed by Zika virus (ZIKV) two years later
    keywords: aedes; cdc; encephalitis; funding; mosquitoes; states; surveillance; traps; virus
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        item: #122 of 191
          id: cord-294590-1niaplc2
      author: Schrag, Stephanie J.
       title: SARS Surveillance during Emergency Public Health Response, United States, March–July 2003
        date: 2004-02-17
       words: 4722
      flesch: 38
     summary: The frequency of travel to China, Hong Kong, and Toronto among SARS case-patients is shown by date of illness onset in Figure 3 ; the periods during which these areas were considered SARS-affected for surveillance purposes are also shown. The United States was one of many countries reporting SARS cases to WHO, which established international case definitions and reporting standards.
    keywords: acute; case; cdc; cov; health; illness; patients; sars; states; surveillance
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        item: #123 of 191
          id: cord-295339-nzc47itk
      author: Baker, Marissa G.
       title: Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: A key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection
        date: 2020-04-28
       words: 3322
      flesch: 34
     summary: While the majority of exposed workers are employed in healthcare sectors, other occupational sectors also have high proportions of exposed workers. While the majority of exposed workers are employed in healthcare sectors, other occupational sectors also have high proportions of exposed workers.
    keywords: disease; exposure; infection; occupations; states; workers; workplace
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        item: #124 of 191
          id: cord-297125-la20vi9j
      author: Brower, Jennifer L.
       title: The Threat and Response to Infectious Diseases (Revised)
        date: 2016-08-01
       words: 12338
      flesch: 40
     summary: Slides: generics to push statin revenues down by $7B. Cardiovascular Business Fidaxomicin versus vancomycin for Clostridium Difficile infection Industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics Evidence linking arctic amplification to extreme weather in mid-latitudes Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness The ecology and evolutionary history of an emergent disease: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases Increased avian diversity is associated with lower incidence of human West Nile infection: observation of the dilution effect Avian diversity and West Nile virus: testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots Healthy animals, healthy people: zoonosis risk from animal contact in pet shops, a systematic review of the literature Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife-threats to biodiversity Tuberculosis in humans and animals: are we a threat to each other? CDC (2015) H5 viruses in the United States Human food safety not likely threatened by costly Avian Flu Economic impact of Avian Influenza Infectious disease, endangerment, and extinction Effects of environmental change on emerging parasitic diseases Patterns of gastrointestinal bacterial exchange between chimpanzees and humans involved in research and tourism in western Uganda Promoting childhood immunizations Measles activity in Canada Working Group on Measles Elimination (2004) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), emerging infectious diseases are those whose incidence in humans has increased in the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
    keywords: antibiotic; bacteria; cases; diseases; drug; global; health; human; infections; medical; mortality; new; pathogens; people; public; resistance; response; states; threat; treatment; united; united states; use; vaccine; virus; water; world
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        item: #125 of 191
          id: cord-300371-6ja5o3sa
      author: Maloney, Susan A.
       title: Prevention of infectious diseases among international pediatric travelers: Considerations for clinicians
        date: 2004-11-24
       words: 7147
      flesch: 35
     summary: It has been reported among students who traveled to the rain forest in Costa Rica and among other travelers. Information on the causes of serious morbidity and mortality among pediatric travelers is more limited.
    keywords: areas; cases; chemoprophylaxis; children; chloroquine; diarrhea; fever; health; malaria; percent; prevention; risk; travelers; united; vaccine
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        item: #126 of 191
          id: cord-302848-a246wl7f
      author: Lawler, J. J.
       title: 4.25 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Climate Vulnerabilities and Maintain Ecosystem Services
        date: 2013-12-31
       words: 17438
      flesch: 35
     summary: Social impediments to adoption of climate change strategies include ideological outlooks, structural constraints, and cultural barriers. There are multiple opportunities for mitigating climate change impacts through modifications in agricultural practices and food consumption.
    keywords: adaptation; adaptation strategies; areas; building; carbon; change; climate; climate change; ecosystem; effects; emissions; energy; et al; food; global; health; human; impacts; increase; management; mitigation; potential; production; services; species; strategies; systems; transportation; use; water
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        item: #127 of 191
          id: cord-303034-w72oeoxq
      author: Haischer, Michael H.
       title: Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic
        date: 2020-10-15
       words: 4432
      flesch: 50
     summary: The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 A modelling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with 'lock-down' in managing the COVID-19 pandemic United States Coronavirus Info; c2020 Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 Enviromental Health Matters Initiative Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest Face masks for the public during the COVID-19 crisis Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: Additionally, mask mandates are necessary to increase mask wearing among the public to a level required to mitigate the spread of COVID-19.
    keywords: age; covid-19; data; individuals; mandates; mask; public; rural; wearing
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        item: #128 of 191
          id: cord-303447-3a7jxl34
      author: Cohn, Amanda C.
       title: Immunizations in the United States: A Rite of Passage
        date: 2005-05-28
       words: 7979
      flesch: 36
     summary: The cost of immunizing a child through 6 years of age in 2003 was $436 per child for all vaccines, not including influenza vaccine [12] . Influenza vaccines are developed yearly based on antigenic drifts.
    keywords: adolescents; children; disease; health; hepatitis; immunization; infants; influenza; pertussis; states; united; vaccination; vaccine; years
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        item: #129 of 191
          id: cord-304016-4o2bpedp
      author: Hanage, William P.
       title: COVID-19: US federal accountability for entry, spread, and inequities—lessons for the future
        date: 2020-11-02
       words: 5710
      flesch: 44
     summary: With only 4% of the worldwide population, the US has seen about 22% of COVID-19 deaths. With only 4% of the worldwide population, the US has seen about 22% of COVID-19 deaths.
    keywords: age; cases; complaints; covid-19; data; deaths; excess; federal; health; mortality; osha; pandemic; population
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        item: #130 of 191
          id: cord-307013-80dup4sr
      author: Lu, Victor M.
       title: Letter to the Editor: Lessons to Learn from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic for International Medical Graduate Applicants and United States Neurosurgery Residency Programs
        date: 2020-08-24
       words: 1022
      flesch: 47
     summary: Estimates suggest 6%e8% of all residents in U.S. neurosurgery residency programs are indeed IMGs, 1,2 typically supported by either a J-1 (exchange) or H1-B (work) visa. The number of possible flights to the United States decreased, including from Lebanon 3 and India, 4 the 2 largest contributors of IMG residents to U.S. neurosurgery programs.
    keywords: img; programs; united
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        item: #131 of 191
          id: cord-307899-427a7i3h
      author: BITTLE, JAMES L.
       title: Vaccines Produced by Conventional Means to Control Major Infectious Diseases of Man and Animals
        date: 1989-12-31
       words: 17484
      flesch: 47
     summary: This stems from concern over possible persistence and oncogenicity of vaccine viruses. A large number of different attenuated live-virus HC vaccines with different characteristics have been used over the years, but residual pathogenicity, shedding, and spread of vaccine viruses have remained problems.
    keywords: animals; antibodies; antibody; bacterium; bovine; canine; cattle; cause; cell; control; culture; disease; dogs; et al; formalin; humans; immunity; immunization; infection; live; man; protection; species; strain; swine; type; vaccine; virus; virus vaccines; viruses
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        item: #132 of 191
          id: cord-308066-lrbi5198
      author: Childs, James E.
       title: Pre-spillover Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: What Are the Targets and What Are the Tools?
        date: 2007
       words: 15706
      flesch: 21
     summary: In a matter of weeks, investigators confirmed the disease was clinically distinct from Eurasian disease (Moolenaar et al. 1995) , that the etiologic agent was a new Hantavirus , Sin Nombre virus (Nichol et al. 1993) , and the reservoir host (H R ; for definition of terminology see the chapter by Childs et al., this volume) was a species of New World rodent, Peromyscus maniculatus (Childs et al. 1994) . For example, the H R s for influenza A subtype H5NI are among wild waterfowl and shorebirds, and perhaps other avian types, although, domestic chickens and other poultry serve as both the first secondary host (H S1 ) or intermediate host (H I )(see the chapter by Childs et al., this volume, for description of terms) and can develop as a novel H R (see the chapter by Webby et al., this volume).
    keywords: animal; chapter; control; culling; data; disease; et al; h5n1; health; human; infection; influenza; new; outbreak; population; prevention; public; rabies; risk; sars; species; spread; states; surveillance; system; transmission; united; vaccine; virus; viruses; volume; wildlife; zoonotic
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        item: #133 of 191
          id: cord-310931-5165078t
      author: Oppong, Joseph R.
       title: Globalization of Communicable Diseases
        date: 2019-12-04
       words: 3191
      flesch: 43
     summary: To avoid a global pandemic of flu virus, new vaccine technologies are required, to respond quickly and effectively to new challenges of communicable disease outbreaks. key: cord-310931-5165078t authors: Oppong, Joseph R. title: Globalization of Communicable Diseases date: 2019-12-04 journal: International Encyclopedia of Human Geography DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10438-x sha: doc_id: 310931 cord_uid: 5165078t Fueled by globalization and human behavior, communicable diseases pose a serious threat to humankind despite unparalleled technological advances.
    keywords: cases; communicable; disease; hiv; people; transmission; virus
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        item: #134 of 191
          id: cord-315184-py8lbg97
      author: Stephany, Fabian
       title: Distancing Bonus Or Downscaling Loss? The Changing Livelihood of Us Online Workers in Times of COVID‐19
        date: 2020-06-28
       words: 5970
      flesch: 46
     summary: Given these very uneven geographies of online labour demand, it is fair to assume that global developments on online labour markets are often driven by buyers from the United States. The data shows online labour demand falling rapidly in early March 2020, but with an equally rapid recovery.
    keywords: data; demand; freelancers; labour; market; pandemic; platforms; states; united; work; workers
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        item: #135 of 191
          id: cord-315428-uiezqa4p
      author: Tessler, Hannah
       title: The Anxiety of Being Asian American: Hate Crimes and Negative Biases During the COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2020-06-10
       words: 4637
      flesch: 43
     summary: Disease does not differentiate among people based on skin color or national origin, yet many Asian Americans have suffered from discrimination and hatred during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the COVID-19 pandemic, violent attacks and racial discrimination against Asian Americans have emerged as non-Asian Americans look for someone or something Asian to blame for their anger and fear about illness, economic insecurity, and stay-at-home orders.
    keywords: americans; asian; chinese; coronavirus; covid-19; crimes; hate; incidents; pandemic; states; united
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        item: #136 of 191
          id: cord-315726-ltjurdrq
      author: Acheson, D.W.K.
       title: Food and Waterborne Illnesses
        date: 2009-02-17
       words: 10895
      flesch: 45
     summary: In the United States, until recently, we had very little data on the numbers and outcomes of foodborne infection. Utilizing FoodNet and other data, the CDC provides our current best estimate of the true burden of foodborne infections in the United States.
    keywords: campylobacter; cases; cause; coli; days; diarrhea; disease; exposure; food; foodborne; illness; infection; outbreaks; patients; salmonella; states; symptoms; toxin; united; water
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        item: #137 of 191
          id: cord-317441-tnde2jp5
      author: Jewell, Jennifer S
       title: Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Online Survey
        date: 2020-10-23
       words: 4627
      flesch: 45
     summary: [24] found that older adults were at greater risk for mental health concerns [35] . Practitioners, including health care workers and mental health specialists, can be a resource for those struggling with mental health concerns during the pandemic.
    keywords: anxiety; concern; covid-19; data; depression; health; individuals; pandemic; sample; stress
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        item: #138 of 191
          id: cord-318407-uy0f7f2o
      author: Nara, Peter L.
       title: Perspectives on advancing preventative medicine through vaccinology at the comparative veterinary, human and conservation medicine interface: Not missing the opportunities
        date: 2008-11-18
       words: 12532
      flesch: 37
     summary: In addition vaccination along with other animal production changes has provided the ability to produce otherwise unaffordable animal protein and animal health worldwide. In addition vaccination along with other animal production changes has provided the ability to produce otherwise unaffordable animal protein and animal health worldwide.
    keywords: animal; animal diseases; animal health; care; costs; countries; diseases; food; global; health; human; impact; medical; medicine; national; prevention; public; research; services; vaccination; veterinarians; veterinary; world; years
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        item: #139 of 191
          id: cord-318826-l922zqci
      author: Holschbach, Chelsea L.
       title: Salmonella in Dairy Cattle
        date: 2018-03-31
       words: 11036
      flesch: 35
     summary: Salmonella infections are well-known for their association with clinical signs of enterocolitis, septicemia, and abortion in dairy cattle. Salmonella infection is most commonly transmitted by fecal-oral contamination from other livestock, rodents, birds, or by feeding contaminated protein source animal byproducts.
    keywords: animal; calves; cattle; control; culture; dairy; diagnostic; disease; dublin; enterica; infection; milk; resistance; risk; salmonella; salmonella dublin; salmonellosis; samples; states; united; use
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        item: #140 of 191
          id: cord-318845-w7q5o8wc
      author: Pendell, Dustin L.
       title: Economic Assessment of FMDv Releases from the National Bio and Agro Defense Facility
        date: 2015-06-26
       words: 8169
      flesch: 45
     summary: Unlike previous studies that focused on various alternate mitigation strategies, this study focuses on potential animal disease releases from NBAF. However, consequences of disease outbreaks are inherently dynamic in nature with benefits and costs accruing differently to producers and consumers across time, and this interplay has important policy implications [5] .
    keywords: animal; beef; costs; disease; fmd; impacts; losses; model; outbreak; quarter; release; states; study; u.s
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        item: #141 of 191
          id: cord-319463-erdwejd2
      author: Diaz, J. H.
       title: Global Climate Changes and International Trade and Travel: Effects on Human Health Outcomes
        date: 2011-12-31
       words: 4969
      flesch: 31
     summary: There is, however, no universal agreement on how rapidly, regionally, or asymmetrically the earth will warm; or on the true impact of global warming on infectious disease outbreaks and natural disasters and their inevitable public health outcomes. The ultimate effects of climate changes and the increased distribution of pathogens by international trade and travel will not be limited to infectious disease outbreaks in immunologically naïve populations but will also impact world food production and quality, air quality, drinking water availability and quality, immigration, urban relocation, and civil unrest.
    keywords: airport; climate; disease; endemic; health; larvae; malaria; mosquito; new; states; trade; travel; united
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        item: #142 of 191
          id: cord-321194-xi4zy5ow
      author: Allam, Zaheer
       title: The Third 50 Days: A Detailed Chronological Timeline and Extensive Review of Literature Documenting the COVID-19 Pandemic From Day 100 to Day 150
        date: 2020-07-24
       words: 17937
      flesch: 52
     summary: For instance, as of 28th, the total number of reported cases in Africa (35,676) was far much less than the total number of deaths (59,266) reported in the United States on the same day. By April 28, it became official that the number of COVID-19 infection cases had exceeded the 3 million (the WHO reported 2.95 million cases and 202,597 deaths) people and caused the death of over 211,000 people globally.
    keywords: april; cases; china; coronavirus; countries; country; covid-19; day; days; deaths; disease; health; italy; lockdown; measures; new; number; pandemic; people; president; region; report; situation; states; total; trump; united; world
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        item: #143 of 191
          id: cord-321642-efv9ovx9
      author: Reicher, Stephen
       title: On order and disorder during the COVID‐19 pandemic
        date: 2020-07-01
       words: 3606
      flesch: 48
     summary: The Guardian, 3rd May The myth of the Blitz The police and the expansion of public order law in Britain The Black Death and the burning of The role of social identity processes in mass emergency behaviour: An integrative review Social scaffolding: Applying the lessons of contemporary social science to health, public mental health and healthcare A social identity model of riot diffusion: From injustice to empowerment in the 2011 London riots The accepting, the suffering and the resisting: the different reactions to life under lockdown Coronavirus: Trump doubles down on call for supporters to 'liberate' Democratic states from lockdown. He directly referenced the anti-state principles on which 'this country' was built in order to criticize anti-pandemic measures.
    keywords: authority; context; identity; leadership; lockdown; measures; pandemic; people; state
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        item: #144 of 191
          id: cord-323311-xl2fv0qx
      author: Kahn, R. E.
       title: 6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses
        date: 2012-09-07
       words: 19173
      flesch: 32
     summary: Such research begins with either in vitro studies of virus replication on cell lines or primary cell cultures, moving to nonhuman primate models of virus infection. Already, a good understanding of the 'timing' and extent of immune (innate)-mediated injury after virus infection has been achieved.
    keywords: analysis; animal; avian; bats; bse; cell; disease; emergence; et al; fever; food; h5n1; health; host; human; infection; influenza; influenza viruses; laboratory; new; pandemic; pathogens; pigs; potential; presentation; professor; public; research; response; risk; species; states; studies; study; swine; system; transmission; united; virus; viruses; zoonotic
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        item: #145 of 191
          id: cord-323913-v32c2vda
      author: Istúriz, Raul E.
       title: Global Distribution of Infectious Diseases Requiring Intensive Care
        date: 2006-07-31
       words: 7134
      flesch: 41
     summary: Prostration is common in severe disease and may progress to stupor and coma. The excess morbidity and mortality associated with influenza epidemics and the increased hospitalization costs are secondary to severe cases of the disease [28] .
    keywords: acute; areas; care; cases; disease; failure; fever; hepatitis; high; infection; liver; mortality; patients; rabies; sepsis; syndrome; treatment; virus
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        item: #146 of 191
          id: cord-324185-zt88o3co
      author: Sovacool, Benjamin K.
       title: Contextualizing the Covid-19 pandemic for a carbon-constrained world: Insights for sustainability transitions, energy justice, and research methodology
        date: 2020-10-31
       words: 7230
      flesch: 35
     summary: The energy crises revealed by COVID: intersections of indigeneity, inequity, and health Emergency measures to protect energy consumers during the Covid-19 pandemic: a global review and critical analysis Just transitions: histories and futures in a post-COVID world Culture and low-carbon energytransitions The cultural barriers to a low-carbon future: a review of six mobility and energy transitions across 28 countries The role of Lucha Libre in the construction of Mexican male identity Validity of energy social research during and after COVID-19: challenges, considerations, and responses Scientific research on the coronavirus is being released in a torrent Coronavirus comes home? It features articles that ask, and answer: What are the known and anticipated impacts of Covid-19 on energy demand and climate change?
    keywords: carbon; change; climate; covid-19; demand; disease; energy; evs; impacts; oil; pandemic; people; research; social; transitions; united; volume
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        item: #147 of 191
          id: cord-324198-b8f99z8r
      author: Allam, Zaheer
       title: Underlining the Role of Data Science and Technology in Supporting Supply Chains, Political Stability and Health Networks During Pandemics
        date: 2020-07-24
       words: 6793
      flesch: 39
     summary: All the data collected from these platforms and numerous others that are actively being used elsewhere across the globe would remain its usefulness, even post-COVID-19, but this will require a superior statistical modeling tools to manage the increasing magnitude of such data. This far, in the medical field, with such technologies, there is evidence that it is now possible to perform noninvasive surgeries that reduce fatalities and also reduce healing time for patients, and such have proven beneficial (Elrod, 2014) , especially during this period of COVID-19.
    keywords: cities; coronavirus; countries; covid-19; data; devices; health; people; spread; technologies; use; world
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        item: #148 of 191
          id: cord-325052-7vlxa0i7
      author: Williamson, E. D.
       title: Vaccines for emerging pathogens: prospects for licensure
        date: 2019-04-11
       words: 6218
      flesch: 37
     summary: An alternative is to develop such vaccines to request US Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), or equivalent status in the United States, Canada and the European Union, making use of a considerable number of regulatory mechanisms that are available prior to licensing. An alternative is to develop such vaccines to request US Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), or an alternative status in the United States, Canada and European Union (EU) making use of a considerable number of alternative regulatory mechanisms that are available prior to licensing, so that the products are deployable at the first indications of a disease outbreak.
    keywords: animal; conditions; development; disease; efficacy; fever; human; pathogens; phase; plague; safety; trial; use; vaccine; virus
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        item: #149 of 191
          id: cord-325300-wawui0fd
      author: Tulchinsky, Theodore H.
       title: 4 Communicable Diseases
        date: 2000-12-31
       words: 31283
      flesch: 46
     summary: EIS officers are assigned to state health departments, other public health units, and research centers as part of their training, carrying out epidemic investigation and special tasks in disease control. In disease control, individual immunity may also protect another individual.
    keywords: acute; animals; areas; blood; care; cases; cause; children; contact; control; countries; coverage; deaths; disease; disease control; epidemic; eradication; fever; food; health; hiv; immunization; infection; malaria; new; organism; persons; population; potential; prevention; program; public; risk; spread; states; transmission; treatment; united; vaccination; vaccine; vector; virus; water; world; year
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        item: #150 of 191
          id: cord-326138-16kpn9db
      author: Weinstein, Robert A.
       title: Laboratory-Acquired Infections
        date: 2009-07-01
       words: 3652
      flesch: 35
     summary: Laboratory infections due to a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, fungi, and parasites have been described in the literature. In the United States, Brucella infection is one of the most common laboratory-acquired infections, accounting for 24% of laboratory-acquired bacterial infections and 11% of deaths due to laboratory infection
    keywords: cases; disease; exposure; infections; laboratory; risk; states; united; workers
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        item: #151 of 191
          id: cord-326887-lyewg2c9
      author: Bloomfield, Sally F.
       title: The effectiveness of hand hygiene procedures in reducing the risks of infections in home and community settings including handwashing and alcohol-based hand sanitizers
        date: 2007-12-10
       words: 23434
      flesch: 42
     summary: This report reviews the evidence base related to the impact of hand hygiene in reducing transmission of ID in the home and community. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Hand hygiene is a key component of good hygiene practice in the home and community and can produce significant benefits in terms of reducing the incidence of infection, most particularly gastrointestinal infections but also respiratory tract and skin infections.
    keywords: abhs; care; community; contact; contamination; data; food; hand hygiene; hands; handwashing; health; home; hygiene; illness; infection; intervention; log; mrsa; pathogens; reduction; risk; studies; study; surfaces; transmission; viruses
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        item: #152 of 191
          id: cord-326916-bakwk4tm
      author: Fauver, Joseph R.
       title: Coast-to-Coast Spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the Early Epidemic in the United States
        date: 2020-05-07
       words: 5565
      flesch: 43
     summary: To delineate the roles of domestic and international virus spread in the emergence of new United States COVID-19 outbreaks, we sequenced SARS-CoV-2 viruses collected from cases identified in Connecticut. By March 18, the five countries comprised 78% of reported non-United States cases, whereas the five states comprised 48% of reported domestic cases outside of Connecticut and New York.
    keywords: cases; connecticut; cov-2; covid-19; data; international; new; number; sars; states; travel; united
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        item: #153 of 191
          id: cord-327748-8ob6okeh
      author: Feng, Tianjun
       title: Product Quality Risk Perceptions and Decisions: Contaminated Pet Food and Lead‐Painted Toys
        date: 2010-07-09
       words: 9440
      flesch: 50
     summary: Policy considerations regarding product quality risks are discussed. Here, product quality risk refers to the risk of a product (e.g., health, financial, safety risk, etc.) caused to customers and generated by its inherent quality problems (e.g., in raw materials, ingredients, production, logistics, or packaging).
    keywords: children; dog; dog food; food; information; lead; mean; participants; perception; probability; products; recall; respondents; risk; toys
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        item: #154 of 191
          id: cord-327879-qrxoj8nc
      author: Nagurney, Anna
       title: Refugee migration networks and regulations: a multiclass, multipath variational inequality framework
        date: 2020-07-21
       words: 8225
      flesch: 57
     summary: In this paper, we constructed refugee migration network equilibrium models that incorporate multiple classes of refugees, along with routes from origin to destination nodes that can consist of multiple links that capture congestion. key: cord-327879-qrxoj8nc authors: Nagurney, Anna; Daniele, Patrizia; Nagurney, Ladimer S. title: Refugee migration networks and regulations: a multiclass, multipath variational inequality framework date: 2020-07-21 journal: J Glob Optim DOI: 10.1007/s10898-020-00936-6 sha: doc_id: 327879 cord_uid: qrxoj8nc In this paper, we take up the timely topic of the modeling, analysis, and solution of refugee migration networks.
    keywords: equilibrium; flows; migration; nagurney; network; node; origin; refugee
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        item: #155 of 191
          id: cord-328908-2004vp48
      author: Thombs, Brett D.
       title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study
        date: 2020-10-03
       words: 2655
      flesch: 46
     summary: Our study is one of the first to report mental health symptom changes during COVID-19 in a vulnerable population with a pre-existing medical condition and the first to compare symptom changes across countries. key: cord-328908-2004vp48 authors: Thombs, Brett D.; Kwakkenbos, Linda; Henry, Richard S.; Carrier, Marie-Eve; Patten, Scott; Harb, Sami; Bourgeault, Angelica; Tao, Lydia; Bartlett, Susan J.; Mouthon, Luc; Varga, John; Benedetti, Andrea title: Changes in mental health symptoms from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 among participants with systemic sclerosis from four countries: A scleroderma patient-centered intervention network (SPIN) cohort study date: 2020-10-03 journal: J Psychosom Res DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110262 sha: doc_id: 328908 cord_uid: 2004vp48 Introduction No studies have reported mental health symptom comparisons prior to and during COVID-19 in vulnerable medical populations.
    keywords: anxiety; covid-19; depression; health; symptoms
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        item: #156 of 191
          id: cord-329283-s3ale8ko
      author: Grant, Aubrey
       title: Coronavirus, Refugees, and Government Policy: The State of U.S. Refugee Resettlement during the Coronavirus Pandemic
        date: 2020-08-09
       words: 3208
      flesch: 42
     summary: The situation has been exacerbated by the temporary suspension of refugee resettlement across the globe. The coronavirus, and the Trump Administration's response, are likely to have long‐term negative impacts on refugee resettlement and asylum programs.
    keywords: asylum; coronavirus; health; pandemic; refugees; resettlement; states; united
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        item: #157 of 191
          id: cord-329905-dwfwwdbn
      author: Staat, Dana D.
       title: International Adoption: Issues in Infectious Diseases
        date: 2012-01-06
       words: 6329
      flesch: 43
     summary: The prevalence of infectious diseases varies from country to country and may or may not be common among adopted children. The transmission of tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and measles from adopted children to family members has been documented.
    keywords: children; china; countries; disease; health; hepatitis; infection; states; tuberculosis; united; vaccination
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        item: #158 of 191
          id: cord-332610-t99l3zii
      author: Mayer, J.D.
       title: Emerging Diseases: Overview
        date: 2008-08-26
       words: 9597
      flesch: 50
     summary: However, it is impossible to say when the terms 'emerging infection' or 'emerging infectious diseases' were first used to describe new infectious diseases, or diseases that meet the criteria that are described in this article. In discussions of emergence, both 'emerging infections' and 'emerging infectious diseases' are commonly found.
    keywords: aids; cases; diseases; fever; health; hiv; infections; influenza; new; outbreak; people; public; sars; spread; states; syndrome; united
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        item: #159 of 191
          id: cord-332622-9cty2uho
      author: MOSESON, Heidi
       title: Abortion experiences and preferences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive people in the United States
        date: 2020-09-25
       words: 4176
      flesch: 44
     summary: We descriptively analyzed closed- and open-ended survey responses related to pregnancy history, abortion experiences, preferences for abortion method, recommendations to improve abortion care for TGE people, and respondent sociodemographic characteristics. Objective(s) To fill existing evidence gaps on the abortion experiences and preferences of TGE people in the United States to inform policies and practices to improve access to and quality of abortion care for this population.
    keywords: abortion; care; gender; method; people; respondents; tge; transgender
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        item: #160 of 191
          id: cord-332703-ohzkpbwy
      author: Hui, Jane Yuet Ching
       title: Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States: Results From a National Physician Cross-sectional Survey
        date: 2020-08-25
       words: 3512
      flesch: 41
     summary: 17 Measures Survey items included demographics and measures of clinical practice size and location, personal concerns about COVID-19, effects of COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patient treatment, sources of information about COVID-19, and emotional health. Most physicians (N=285; 70.0% of surgeons, 64.4% of medical oncologists, and 73.4% of radiation oncologists) had altered cancer treatment plans.
    keywords: cancer; covid-19; oncologists; patients; physicians; plans; states; treatment
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        item: #161 of 191
          id: cord-333405-ji58jbct
      author: Morens, David M.
       title: The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases
        date: 2004-07-08
       words: 6423
      flesch: 33
     summary: Germs and Genocide in Hawai'i Agents of Apocalypse: Epidemic Disease in the Colonial Philippines Measles in Fiji, 1875: thoughts on the history of emerging infectious diseases Die Aetiologie der Milzbrand-Krankheit, begründet auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus Anthracis. Microbial Threats to Health in the United States: Emergence, Detection and Response Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases: a multidisciplinary perspective Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases Infectious history Emerging infectious diseases in the 21st century Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease The origins of acquired immune deficiency viruses: where and when?
    keywords: agents; aids; dengue; diseases; eis; emergence; factors; health; hiv; human; infections; influenza; microbial; new; vaccines; virus; viruses
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        item: #162 of 191
          id: cord-333411-hqtb4a2c
      author: Tan, Tina Q
       title: Location Matters: Geographic Disparities and Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
        date: 2020-09-17
       words: 1770
      flesch: 42
     summary: M a n u s c r i p t COVID-19 and the unequal surge in mortality rates in Code measures of poverty, household crowding, race/ethnicity, and racialized economic segregation Racial disparities emerge in Tennessee's testing for COVID-19 Data on COVID-19 cases in Unhealthier states have lower COVID-19 testing rates Rural America could be the region hardest hit by the COVID-19 outbreak Geographic access to United States SARS-CoV-2 testing sites highlights healthcare disparities and may bias transmission estimates Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. A recent analysis highlighted that geographic access to COVID-19 testing sites is as uneven as access to overall health care, with higher travel times to COVID-19 test sites in rural counties and in counties with a larger non-white or uninsured population, suggesting that COVID-19 cases are potentially under-counted and under-reported in these areas.
    keywords: access; areas; covid-19; states; testing
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        item: #163 of 191
          id: cord-334108-4ey725dv
      author: Seymour, I.J.
       title: Foodborne viruses and fresh produce
        date: 2008-07-07
       words: 10246
      flesch: 46
     summary: Salinity and pH do not appear to have a signi®cant direct effect on virus survival under conditions normally found in natural waters, but may have indirect effects by modifying interaction of viruses with particulates. Effect of chlorine treatment on infectivity of hepatitis A virus An outbreak of calicivirus associated with consumption of frozen raspberries Long-term survival of human rotavirus in raw and treated river water Role of infected food handler in hotel outbreak of Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis: implications for control Frozen raspberries and hepatitis A A multifocal outbreak of hepatitis A traced to commercially distributed lettuce High levels of microbial contamination of vegetables irrigated with wastewater by the drip method Chemical disinfection of non-porous inanimate surfaces experimentally contaminated with four human pathogenic viruses Viruses, Parasites, Pathogens and HACCP Viruses, Parasites, Pathogens and HACCP Foodborne spread of hepatitis A: recent studies on virus survival, transfer and inactivation Acid stability of hepatitis A virus Review of sources of enteroviruses in the environment Small round structured viruses in environmental water samples Attachment of Escherichia coli O157:
    keywords: chlorine; contamination; et al; food; foodborne; fruits; gastroenteritis; hepatitis; human; nlvs; outbreaks; soil; studies; survival; vegetables; viruses; water
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        item: #164 of 191
          id: cord-334925-csy5fekx
      author: COHEN, ALAN B.
       title: Living in a Covid‐19 World
        date: 2020-06-16
       words: 2360
      flesch: 40
     summary: In COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the Public Health Infrastructure of the United States, the authors examine trends in public health funding, noting the chronic underfunding of state public health departments and reductions in federal funding of public health in favor of commitments to build hospital infrastructure and support biomedical research. In two complementary Milbank Quarterly Perspectives, Nason Maani and Sandro Galea explore the long-term negative effects of the United States' failure to invest in the nation's infrastructure to address both population health and public health.
    keywords: care; covid-19; health; milbank; quarterly; review; states; united
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        item: #165 of 191
          id: cord-335065-fv122304
      author: Cain, William E.
       title: American Dreaming: Really Reading The Great Gatsby
        date: 2020-09-02
       words: 16180
      flesch: 70
     summary: (110) Nick warns Gatsby about the impossibility of this ultimatum, this imposition on Daisy. (Vol. 2, ch. 13; Spengler's italics) About the enthralling Daisy Buchanan, Gatsby says, Her voice is full of money, to which the narrator Nick Carraway responds, That was it.
    keywords: 1920s; american; daisy; dream; family; fitzgerald; gatsby; house; income; inequality; life; light; man; money; new; nick; novel; past; people; states; time; tom; united; war; way; wealth; world; year
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        item: #166 of 191
          id: cord-335691-lsuwsm43
      author: Jackson, Michael L.
       title: The Burden of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Seniors: Results of a Population-Based Study
        date: 2004-12-01
       words: 3637
      flesch: 40
     summary: These variables include ischemic cardiac disease, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma without COPD, renal disease, stroke, dementia, lung cancer, serious nonlung cancer, other cancer, diabetes mellitus, receipt of prednisone, receipt of other immunosuppressive medications, pneumonia hospitalization in the year prior to cohort entry, use of home oxygen, and receipt of home health care. The Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group Deaths: final data for 1999 Hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: age-and sex-related patterns of care and outcome in the United States Deaths: preliminary data for Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in older adults Vital statistics mortality data, multiple cause detail Update: influenza activity-United States and worldwide, 2000-01 season, and composition of the 2001-02 influenza vaccine Update: influenza activity-United States and worldwide, 1997-98 season, and composition of the 1998-99 influenza vaccine Update: influenza activity-United States and worldwide, 1998-99 season, and composition of the 1999-2000 influenza vaccine Update: influenza activity-United States and worldwide, 1999-2000 season, and composition of the 2000-01 influenza vaccine Time-dependent covariates in the Cox proportionalhazards regression model Epidemiologic methods: studying the occurrence of illness Incidence of communityacquired pneumonia in the population of four municipalities in eastern Finland Clinical efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in the elderly: a randomized, single-blind populationbased trial Rates of pneumonia during influenza epidemics in Seattle Census 2000 briefs: the 65 years of age and older population Prospective study of pneumonia hospitalizations and mortality of US older people: the role of chronic conditions, health behaviors, and nutritional status Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based case-control study Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia diagnosed upon hospital admission.
    keywords: cap; influenza; pneumonia; population; rates; risk; study
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        item: #167 of 191
          id: cord-336464-eslgz1ka
      author: Chomel, Bruno B.
       title: Wildlife, Exotic Pets, and Emerging Zoonoses
        date: 2007-01-17
       words: 3477
      flesch: 34
     summary: More than 25 outbreaks of human infectious diseases associated with visitors to animal exhibits were identifi ed during 1990-2000 (33) . Exotic pets are also a source of several human infections that vary from severe monkeypox related to pet prairie dogs or lyssaviruses in pet bats to less severe but more common ringworm infections acquired from African pygmy hedgehogs or chinchillas.
    keywords: animals; cases; disease; emergence; human; infection; new; trade; virus; wildlife; zoonotic
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        item: #168 of 191
          id: cord-337218-risqto89
      author: Chu, Ellen W.
       title: Environmental Impact, Concept and Measurement of
        date: 2013-02-05
       words: 16641
      flesch: 44
     summary: Understanding, measuring, and managing human environmental impacts – the most important of which is the impoverishment of living systems – is the 21st century's greatest challenge. These perspectives miss a crucial point: the reason pollution, energy use, extinction, and dozens of other human impacts are important is their larger impact on the biosphere.
    keywords: biotic; century; condition; earth; economic; ecosystems; effects; environmental; example; food; health; human; impoverishment; land; life; living; nations; nature; organisms; people; plants; resources; services; soil; species; states; systems; united; water; world; years
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        item: #169 of 191
          id: cord-337632-2q6gm7n3
      author: Pearman, Ann
       title: Mental Health Challenges of United States Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19
        date: 2020-08-13
       words: 4679
      flesch: 45
     summary: Personal control and aging: how beliefs and expectations matter Expect the best and prepare for the worst: anticipatory coping and preparations for Y2K A stitch in time: self-regulation and proactive coping Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change Social support provided by adolescents following a disaster and perceived social support, sense of community at school, and proactive coping Stress, coping, and resources in mothers of adults with developmental disabilities Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19 -United States Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak Optimism, proactive coping and quality of life among nurses: a cross-sectional study The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: a neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation Burnout among US medical students, residents, and early career physicians relative to the general US population COVID-19: a new work-related disease threatening healthcare workers Covid-19: adverse mental health outcomes for healthcare workers General hospital staff worries, perceived sufficiency of information and associated psychological distress during the A/H1N1 influenza pandemic Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during covid-19 pandemic The relationship between coping, social support, functional disability and depression in the elderly Clinical utility of the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) for use with young and middle-aged adults Stressors, appraisal of stressors, experienced stress and cardiac response: a real-time, real-life investigation of work stress in nurses The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus Burnout and doctors: prevalence, prevention and intervention The Adaptive Value of Feeling in Control during Midlife Sociodemographic variations in the sense of control by domain: findings from the MacArthur studies of midlife The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 A New Synthesis: Stress and Emotion Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak Meaning in life promotes proactive coping via positive affect: a daily diary study Heterogeneity in 10-year course trajectories of moderate to severe major depressive disorder: a danish national register-based study Age differences in reactivity to daily stressors: the role of personal control Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis The structure of coping Age differences in risk and resilience factors in COVID-19-related stress Thinking ahead and staying in the present: implications for reactivity to daily stressors COVID-19 and mental health: a review of the existing literature Anxiety disorders and risk for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: a population-based longitudinal study of adults Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic Psychological distress, coping behaviors, and preferences for support among New York healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID 19 a challenge for emergency medicine and every health care professional Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Decreasing the negative effects of work-related stress in unchanged working environments There have been several meta-analyses and reviews of the impact of this pandemic on HCPs internationally (Chew et al., 2020; Pappa et al., 2020; Rajkumar, 2020) , but no studies from the United States were available to be included in these studies.
    keywords: coping; covid-19; hcps; health; pandemic; stress
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        item: #170 of 191
          id: cord-339062-tq0f6d01
      author: Weaver, Scott C.
       title: Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease
        date: 2004
       words: 7331
      flesch: 36
     summary: VEE Study Group Association of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE with two equine epizootics in Mexico El virus de la encephalitis equina de Venezuela como determinante de infecciones en humanos, descripción de un caso fatal ocurrido en Jaltipán Veracruz en 1965 Venezuelan equine encephalitis This landmark paper established the antigenic relationships of enzootic and epizootic strains of VEEVs and provided the framework for future genetic studies that identified the origins of outbreaks Genetic variation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strains of the ID variety in Colombia Genetic evidence that epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses may have evolved from enzootic VEE subtype I-D virus This paper provides the first phylogenetic evidence that epizootic strains of VEEV have evolved repeatedly from enzootic subtype ID progenitors Potential sources of the 1995 Venezuelan equine encephalitis subtype IC epidemic Genetic and phenotypic changes accompanying the emergence of epizootic subtype IC Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses from an enzootic subtype ID progenitor Variants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that resist neutralization define a domain of the E2 glycoprotein Positively charged amino acid substitutions in the E2 envelope glycoprotein are associated with the emergence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Origin and evolution of viruses Geographic distribution of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE genotypes in Central America and Mexico Equine amplification and virulence of subtype IE Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses isolated during the 1993 and 1996 Mexican epizootics Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: Enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein Natural enzootic vectors of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya Vector competence of mosquitoes as a marker to distinguish Central American and Mexican epizootic from enzootic strains of Venezuelan encephalitis virus Vector infection determinants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus reside within the E2 envelope glycoprotein Virological and serological studies of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in humans The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections Western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis Isolation of Japanese epidemic encephalitis from mosquitoes caught in nature This paper is one of a series of ten papers that describes the ecology Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from seven species of mosquitoes collected at Semarang Regency, Central Java Genetic variation of Japanese encephalitis virus in nature A new genotype of Japanese encephalitis virus from Indonesia Studies on the antigenic structure of Japanese encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibodies Complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome RNA Origins, evolution, and vector/host coadaptations within the genus Flavivirus
    keywords: emergence; encephalitis; enzootic; epizootic; equine; hosts; human; jev; mosquito; strains; studies; veev; venezuelan; virus; viruses
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        item: #171 of 191
          id: cord-339372-f3onp9mg
      author: Owen, James A.
       title: Advancing the Adoption of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) in the United States
        date: 2020-08-31
       words: 6757
      flesch: 34
     summary: Globally, the FIP Code of Ethics for Pharmacists, adopted in 1997, states pharmacists have a responsibility to ensure competency in each pharmaceutical service provided by continually updating knowledge and skills. Examples of these challenges detailed by FIP include [34] : Application of the CPD cycle as an approach to lifelong learning in individual practice Changing the focus of CPD to meaningful learning rather than collecting CE points Developing the skills and knowledge to adopt the CPD process under a voluntary system Establishing adequate assessment methods and measures for a portfolio-based system Pharmacy 2020, 8, 157 9 of 15 Raising the awareness and recognition from the public on the skills and knowledge that pharmacists continuously develop Ensuring the qualitative assessment of CPD portfolios Lack of technical 'know-how' for implementing a robust online system to support the CPD process Ensuring pharmacists engage with the CPD cycle that includes reflection on their practice Minimizing cost constraints for pharmacists to undertake formal CPD programs Making the recording or documentation of learning less onerous Identifying those pharmacists who require additional mentoring or guidance to steer away from the hour or point collecting mentality Ensuring relevant support for pharmacists in non-traditional roles This report collectively demonstrated that pharmacists engaged in CPD had improved the quality of their learning, which leads to improved self-assessment of learning needs and enhancements in overall pharmacy practice.
    keywords: care; cpd; cpe; development; pharmacists; pharmacy; practice; professional; states; united
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        item: #172 of 191
          id: cord-340195-425rd7ul
      author: Smith, Kristine M.
       title: Zoonotic Viruses Associated with Illegally Imported Wildlife Products
        date: 2012-01-10
       words: 4434
      flesch: 44
     summary: The scale of illegal meat importation from Africa to Europe via Paris The problems and promise of DNA barcodes for species diagnosis of primate biomaterials Identification of mosquito blood meals using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b gene sequences Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates Naturally acquired simian retrovirus infections in Central African hunters Molecular detection of anthrax spores on animal fibres Detection and analysis of diverse herpesviral species by consensus primer PCR Rapid molecular strategy for filovirus detection and characterization Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses Identification of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in a leaf-nosed bat in Nigeria Identification of a Kunjin/West Nile-like flavivirus in brains of patients with New York encephalitis Detection of orthopoxvirus DNA by realtime PCR and identification of variola virus DNA by melting analysis All simian DNA samples from USFWS were also screened for larger SFV pol sequences (465-bp) as done at the CDC but were found in only one baboon sample (CII-163).
    keywords: bushmeat; health; nhp; products; samples; sequences; sfv; species; specimens; study; united; virus; wildlife
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        item: #173 of 191
          id: cord-342412-azkamnpa
      author: Ecker, David J
       title: The Microbial Rosetta Stone Database: A compilation of global and emerging infectious microorganisms and bioterrorist threat agents
        date: 2005-04-25
       words: 7212
      flesch: 37
     summary: Infectious disease agents important to the public health in the U.S. are monitored by the CDC and listed in Additional File 2 The goal of the database is to provide an informative, readily accessible, single location for basic information on a broad range of important disease causing agents.
    keywords: agents; database; disease; figure; file; food; health; human; information; list; organisms; pathogens; plant; potential; public; rna; species; toxins; viruses
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        item: #174 of 191
          id: cord-342939-b7qn6ynk
      author: Baillie, L.
       title: Dual Use of Biotechnology
        date: 2012-01-03
       words: 6054
      flesch: 36
     summary: It is also a fallacy to believe that life science research is limited to government-regulated facilities; indeed, the technology has reached a stage at which an individual with a graduate-level education, access to the Internet, and a credit card can set up a garage laboratory anywhere in the world. An approach proposed by a number of advocates has been to encourage life scientists to take the lead in tack ling the issue of dual-use technology.
    keywords: defense; government; health; media; new; public; release; research; risk; scientists; society; united; use
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        item: #175 of 191
          id: cord-343021-gqem6bxj
      author: Allam, Zaheer
       title: Oil, Health Equipment, and Trade: Revisiting Political Economy and International Relations During the COVID-19 Pandemic
        date: 2020-07-24
       words: 6026
      flesch: 42
     summary: Similar measures have been advanced in different other countries, which adds to the protectionism shown through border restrictions and banning of flights and exportation of medical supplies. Other countries imposed nationwide lockdowns and curfews, only exempting essential service providers.
    keywords: china; coronavirus; countries; covid-19; demand; oil; pandemic; production; states; supplies; united; world
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        item: #176 of 191
          id: cord-343849-hmii6bvq
      author: Gostin, Lawrence O.
       title: Health Inequalities
        date: 2020-05-01
       words: 2274
      flesch: 52
     summary: Responding to health inequalities will require systematic action targeting all the underlying (“upstream”) social determinants that powerfully affect health and well‐being. A basic yet critical start to addressing health inequalities is to recognize them, which demands improving data collection and analysis.
    keywords: health; inequalities; percent; public; united; years
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        item: #177 of 191
          id: cord-345402-brhvfsgy
      author: Miller, Ryan S.
       title: Diseases at the livestock–wildlife interface: Status, challenges, and opportunities in the United States
        date: 2013-06-01
       words: 8150
      flesch: 27
     summary: The existing and potential importance of brucellosis and tuberculosis in Canadian wildlife: a review New perspectives on managing wildlife diseases Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus in cervids from North America North American and French Caprine arthritis-encephalitis viruses emerge from ovine Maedi-Visna viruses Chlamydia psittaci infections: a review with emphasis on avian chlamydiosis Epidemiology of Mycoplasma agalactiae infection in free-ranging Spanish ibex (Capra Pyrenaica The dynamic role of livestock protection dogs in a changing world Green and blue lasers are ineffective for dispersing deer at night Fences and deerdamage management: a review of designs and efficacy Livestock protection dogs for deterring deer from cattle and feed A fence design for excluding elk without impeding other wildlife Efficacy of an animal-activated frightening device on urban elk and mule deer Host culling as an adaptive management tool for chronic wasting disease in white tailed deer: a modelling study Epizootic vesicular stomatitis in Colorado, 1982: some observations on the possible role of wildlife populations in an enzootic maintenance cycle One Health: the 21st century challenge The vulnerability of the Australian beef industry to impacts of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) under climate change Chronic wasting disease Infectious Diseases of Wild Mammals Chronic wasting disease of deer and elk: a review with recommendations for management The natural history of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Bovine tuberculosis in cattle and badgers in localized culling areas Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in Alaskan wildlife We would like to acknowledge the insightful comments and critical review of early versions of this manuscript by Dr. Steve Sweeney, Dr. Tom DeLiberto, Dr. Reginald Johnson, Dr. Kathe Bjork, Dr. Tracey Lynn, and Mr. Allan Nelson. Evaluating evidence for top-down regulation of zoonotic disease reservoirs Tuberculosis: a reemerging disease at the interface of domestic animals and wildlife Experimental persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in white-tailed deer Unhealthy landscapes: policy recommendations on land use change and infectious disease emergence The role of the National Wildlife Disease Program in wildlife disease surveillance and emergency response Virulence of Pasteurella multocida subsp.
    keywords: animal; bovine; brucellosis; cattle; deer; disease; et al; health; interface; livestock; management; new; potential; risk; states; transmission; tuberculosis; united; wildlife; wildlife interface
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        item: #178 of 191
          id: cord-347601-kt2rqx8m
      author: Laird, Frank N.
       title: Sticky Policies, Dysfunctional Systems: Path Dependency and the Problems of Government Funding for Science in the United States
        date: 2020-06-11
       words: 9383
      flesch: 46
     summary: By late 1984, the House Science Committee was sufficiently concerned about federal science funding that it commissioned studies and held hearings running to thousands of pages over two years. That system produced spectacular successes but also created the unintended longer-term problem that demand for science funding has grown more quickly than government funding ever could.
    keywords: american; budget; federal; funding; funds; government; policy; r&d; research; science; science policy; scientists; system; universities; war
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        item: #179 of 191
          id: cord-348495-pa6iqc83
      author: Perrotta, D.
       title: Behaviors and attitudes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a cross-national Facebook survey
        date: 2020-05-15
       words: 7499
      flesch: 46
     summary: We gained these insights by using a novel approach to collecting health behavior data in times of a pandemic. From a public health perspective, this information is key to understand the behaviors and attitudes of specific demographic groups in different countries and help guide the decision-making process to design adequate policies to contain the spread of COVID-19.
    keywords: covid-19; data; germany; health; respondents; states; threat; united; week
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        item: #180 of 191
          id: cord-348807-9xxc5hyl
      author: Cuomo, Raphael E.
       title: Sub-national longitudinal and geospatial analysis of COVID-19 tweets
        date: 2020-10-28
       words: 3241
      flesch: 37
     summary: Z-scores for trends from the resultant emerging hot spot analysis for COVID-19 cases per capita were compared to z-scores for trends from emerging hot spot analysis for COVID-19 tweets per capita. Confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and recoveries were obtained from Johns Hopkins University Github CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 repository [2] .
    keywords: cases; covid-19; data; health; states; time; tweets; united
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        item: #181 of 191
          id: cord-349765-90g5v697
      author: Huang, Qingming
       title: The Pandemic and the Transformation of Liberal International Order
        date: 2020-10-16
       words: 12479
      flesch: 39
     summary: This paper joins the timely scholarly debates about the crisis and future of liberal international order by analyzing the changing dynamics in both domestic and global contexts during the pandemic. This paper begins by examining the literature on liberal international order and discusses the three major foundations of this order.
    keywords: china; coronavirus; countries; crisis; global; institutions; interests; model; nationalism; order; pandemic; powers; states; united states; western; world; world order
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        item: #182 of 191
          id: cord-349821-5ykwwq75
      author: Ippolito, G.
       title: Biological weapons: Hospital preparedness to bioterrorism and other infectious disease emergencies
        date: 2006-09-09
       words: 6506
      flesch: 28
     summary: The phases of the traditional disaster management cycle (preparation, response, recovery and mitigation) are paralleled in infectious disease emergency management by preparedness (activities undertaken before an event, including planning, training, and undertaking practice drills and exercises to test the plans); surveillance and detection (recognising that an infectious disease emergency is occurring); and response, control and containment (the clinical, public health and other measures that minimise the health, social and economic consequences of the incident). [68] ; further links to additional sources can be found at http://www.ecdc.eu.int/. All clinicians must remain open to the possibility that they may be the first person to recognise a deliberate release or other infectious disease emergency; must be prepared to consult urgently with their local infectious disease specialist, clinical microbiologist and public health department on suspicion alone, without waiting for a definitive diagnosis, and must remain alert to the unusual, the unexpected and the case that 'just doesn't fit'.
    keywords: anthrax; cases; control; disease; emergency; health; hospital; infection; influenza; laboratory; management; preparedness; public; response; sars
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        item: #183 of 191
          id: cord-350156-fykm8ovm
      author: Zyoud, Sa’ed H.
       title: Global toxocariasis research trends from 1932 to 2015: a bibliometric analysis
        date: 2017-02-23
       words: 2899
      flesch: 36
     summary: To better recognise the trends and characteristics of toxocariasis research, this study is a bibliometric analysis of the global toxocariasis research. CONCLUSIONS: Developed countries, including the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy, are the world’s leaders in toxocariasis research, contributing to more than 34% of the total published literature.
    keywords: analysis; countries; publications; research; study; toxocariasis; united
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        item: #184 of 191
          id: cord-350565-mejd7blb
      author: Lewnard, Joseph A
       title: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Infectious Disease Epidemiology
        date: 2019-03-16
       words: 6619
      flesch: 10
     summary: The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence Direct and indirect effects in vaccine efficacy and effectiveness Population biology of infectious diseases: Part I Population biology of infectious diseases: Part II Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health BEAST 2: a software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis Supersize me: how whole-genome sequencing and big data are transforming epidemiology The surveillance of communicable diseases of national importance Completeness of notifiable infectious disease reporting in the United States: an analytical literature review US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and its partners' contributions to global health security Effectiveness of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease: a matched case-control study US Agency for International Development Uncovering Earth's virome The Global Virome Project Pandemics: spend on surveillance, not prediction Global trends in emerging infectious diseases Towards a genomics-informed, realtime, global pathogen surveillance system Ebola virus disease: 11,323 deaths later, how far have we come? Simulation-guided design further presents the opportunity for applying adaptive trial methods (115) in the context of infectious disease outbreaks, where dynamic trends in incidence may highlight the benefits of such approaches.
    keywords: data; disease; ebola; epidemiology; health; influenza; methods; models; pathogens; resistance; studies; surveillance; transmission; trial; vaccination; vaccine; virus
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        item: #185 of 191
          id: cord-351231-aoz5jbf1
      author: Bartlett, John G.
       title: Why Infectious Diseases
        date: 2014-09-15
       words: 5512
      flesch: 38
     summary: So it is with the discipline of infectious diseases. As with all medical specialties, infectious diseases has unique features that are important to highlight: Among medical specialties, this one is consistently changing, often unpredictable, usually exciting, and incredibly rewarding for health impact.
    keywords: antibiotics; cases; disease; health; infection; influenza; medicine; new; patient; resistance; states; united; use; virus
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        item: #186 of 191
          id: cord-351581-xm3na3as
      author: Hillard, Paula J. Adams
       title: Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (PAG) in the Time of a Pandemic
        date: 2020-05-04
       words: 1920
      flesch: 52
     summary: We have jobs that allow us to have health insurance and sick leave. Individuals who do not have health insurance are being faced with significant medical bills when they contract the virus and perhaps ultimately become ill with pneumonia and respiratory compromise and must be hospitalized.
    keywords: adolescent; colleagues; health; pandemic; virus
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        item: #187 of 191
          id: cord-353726-e0mr8kqb
      author: Adler, Nicole
       title: Strategies for managing risk in a changing aviation environment
        date: 2012-07-31
       words: 11640
      flesch: 37
     summary: Airports have been changing as a result of privatization and corporatization, the deregulation of airline markets regionally and inter-continentally and the development of the low cost carrier model which demands different services from the secondary airports that they generally serve (deNeufville, 2008) . Tretheway and Kincaid (2010) define airport competition to include local demand located in overlapping catchment areas e.g. multi-airport cities, connecting traffic served by hubs, cargo traffic, alternative modes and destinations.
    keywords: aircraft; airlines; airports; aviation; capacity; carriers; competition; congestion; cost; demand; industry; management; market; need; new; order; price; pricing; regulation; states; traffic; united
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        item: #188 of 191
          id: cord-353772-z1x52stl
      author: Wilkening, Dean A.
       title: Combatting Bioterrorism
        date: 2008-09-05
       words: 9628
      flesch: 33
     summary: Against biological weapon attacks by a state, ballistic missile defenses also will be of limited value because biological submunitions released early in flight, a technology the United States and the former Soviet Union mastered in the 1950s, can easily overwhelm missile defenses. This is not surprising given the relative ineffectiveness of biological weapons as a military weapon due to the difficulty of infecting opposing forces, the availability of protective clothing (a simple mask will do in most cases), prompt medical treatment for troops, and the risk that the attacker's troops may also become infected.
    keywords: agents; attack; bioterrorism; detection; disease; health; pathogens; people; population; prophylaxis; public; response; states; terrorists; time; united; weapons
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        item: #189 of 191
          id: cord-353828-ir14ywcv
      author: Mendes, Thiago
       title: Shifting Geographies of Knowledge Production: The Coronavirus Effect
        date: 2020-06-16
       words: 2487
      flesch: 37
     summary: After the outbreak, the USA-China link remained the strongest (5.6% of the total number of co-authorships), but China significantly intensified its research links within Asia (e.g. with India, Taiwan, and Thailand) and with the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada, becoming a pivotal connector in coronavirus disease knowledge production networks. To explore this issue, this note examines the evolving geography of coronavirus knowledge production networks, assessed through co-authorship in scientific publications indexed at the Web of Science.
    keywords: coronavirus; countries; epidemic; knowledge; outbreak; production; research
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        item: #190 of 191
          id: cord-354009-1ek4s8oe
      author: Wang, Yun
       title: Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States
        date: 2020-07-08
       words: 3145
      flesch: 51
     summary: We obtained county-based counts of COVID-19 cases confirmed in the United States from January 22 to May 13, 2020 (N=1,386,050). We obtained the counts of COVID-19 cases diagnosed from January 22 to May 13, 2020 in the United States from the USAFacts, a not-for-profit initiative standardizing and providing the government record-based data publicly available.
    keywords: areas; cases; counties; covid-19; epi; incidence
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        item: #191 of 191
          id: cord-354209-g1zynbul
      author: Person, Bobbie
       title: Fear and Stigma: The Epidemic within the SARS Outbreak
        date: 2004-02-17
       words: 3915
      flesch: 28
     summary: Five major recommendations were derived from the facilitated group discussions with key informants: 1) develop simple, tailored SARS prevention messages; 2) develop SARS information materials in various Asian languages; 3) disseminate SARS information through multiple and culturally appropriate channels, including (but not limited to) community visits, town hall meetings, and health education and communication channels to complement mass media messages; 4) establish partnerships with local Asian-American community-based organizations to educate the community; and 5) ensure that CDC would continue to provide leadership and coordination in preventing and controlling SARS. The team met with community leaders, toured the communities, informally gathered further information, and gave community SARS presentations in seven cities, reaching approximately 500 persons.
    keywords: community; discrimination; fear; health; information; public; sars; stigmatization; team
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