# bib

id: cord-314546-fbddxbhd
author: Ko, Meehyun
date: 2020-08-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1352
sentence: 46
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-314546-fbddxbhd.txt
txt: txt/cord-314546-fbddxbhd.txt
title:
  Comparative analysis of antiviral efficacy of FDA‐approved drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2 in human lung cells

summary:
  A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs Cultured human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3): a model of human respiratory function, structure, and inflammatory responses Remdesivir potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells and chimeric SARS-CoV expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in mice Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19-preliminary report SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Identification of nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the split-protein-based cellcell fusion assay Simultaneous treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with serine and cysteine protease inhibitors prevents severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: awareness of an increased prevalence Three cases of treatment with nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy Nafamostat mesylate blocks activation of SARS-CoV-2: new treatment option for COVID-19 The anticoagulant nafamostat potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated fusion in a cell fusion assay system and viral infection in vitro in a cell-typedependent manner Comparative analysis of antiviral efficacy of FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells Conception: WSR and SK. Since antiviral efficacy could be altered in different cell lines, we developed an antiviral screening assay with human lung cells, which is more appropriate than Vero cell.


id: cord-276361-77cylm1o
author: Yamamoto, Norio
title: HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir inhibits replication of SARS-associated coronavirus
date: 2004-06-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2277
sentence: 102
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-276361-77cylm1o.txt
txt: txt/cord-276361-77cylm1o.txt
summary:
  A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong National Microbiology Laboratory, T. Canadian Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Study, Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Effects of a SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children Antiviral treatment of SARS: can we draw any conclusions? Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area Treatment of SARS with human interferons Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Protease inhibitors: a therapeutic breakthrough for the treatment of patients with human immunodeficiency virus Virological and immunological responses to HAART in asymptomatic therapy-naive HIV-1-infected subjects according to CD4 cell count A randomized trial comparing initial HAART regimens of nelfinavir/nevirapine and ritonavir/saquinavir in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Prospective comparison of first-line nelfinavir therapy versus nelfinavir introduction in rescue antiretroviral regimens Long-term kinetics of T cell production in HIV-infected subjects treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy Viracept (nelfinavir mesylate, AG1343): a potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of HIV-1 protease This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture and the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan. Several groups, including the authors, isolated a novel coronavirus from SARS patients [2, 6, 7] .


id: cord-102246-2lmq9s4l
author: Salvadori, Marcia R.
date: 2001-04-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2388
sentence: 101
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-102246-2lmq9s4l.txt
txt: txt/cord-102246-2lmq9s4l.txt
title:
  Morphological and intracellular alterations induced by cytotoxin VT2y produced by Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with swollen head syndrome

summary:
  The most sensitive line to VT2y was Vero cells (Fig. 1) , probably due to receptor speci¢city of the cells, as it is known that variants of VT2 are more cytotoxic to Vero cells than HeLa cells [4] ; the receptor for VT1 and VT2 is globotriosyl ceramide (GB3) Leakage of the cytosolic enzyme LDH, was assessed [15] to investigate whether VT2y a¡ected the integrity of the plasma membrane of Vero cells.


id: cord-004825-cdvnqfjz
author: Castilla, V.
title: The entry of Junin virus into Vero cells
date: 1994
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2671
sentence: 112
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-004825-cdvnqfjz.txt
txt: txt/cord-004825-cdvnqfjz.txt
summary:
  [16-1 have shown that Sindbis virus infected cells express a fusion function after treatment at acid pH. We demonstrated that Junin virus can mediate cell fusion at pH 5.5 producing polykaryocytes in which over 40% of the cells in the monolayer participate (Fig. 6) . To investigate whether ammonium chloride affects JV internalization, virus adsorbed cells at 4 °C were warmed to 37 ~C for various intervals in presence or absence of the compound and internalized virus was determined by infectious center assay.


id: cord-279316-xz7aawem
author: MIZUTANI, T.
title: Signal Transduction in SARS‐CoV‐Infected Cells
date: 2007-04-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3158
sentence: 122
flesch: 38
cache: cache/cord-279316-xz7aawem.txt
txt: txt/cord-279316-xz7aawem.txt
summary:
  Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells induces apoptosis, detected by DNA fragmentation and caspase activation. There may be other substrates of p38 MAPK that are inducible on apoptosis of Vero E6 cells caused by SARS-CoV infection.


id: cord-267446-rpv19oy6
author: Park, Jung-Eun
date: 2011-06-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4088
sentence: 140
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-267446-rpv19oy6.txt
txt: txt/cord-267446-rpv19oy6.txt
title:
  Receptor-bound porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein cleaved by trypsin induces membrane fusion

summary:
  key: cord-267446-rpv19oy6 authors: Park, Jung-Eun; Cruz, Deu John M.; Shin, Hyun-Jin title: Receptor-bound porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein cleaved by trypsin induces membrane fusion date: 2011-06-12 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/s00705-011-1044-6 sha: doc_id: 267446 cord_uid: rpv19oy6 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in Vero cells is facilitated by trypsin through an undefined mechanism. The present study describes the mode of action of trypsin in enhancing PEDV infection in Vero cells during different stage of the virus life cycle.


id: cord-309934-kcyao9i9
author: Tan, Emily L.C.
title: Inhibition of SARS Coronavirus Infection In Vitro with Clinically Approved Antiviral Drugs
date: 2004-04-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3500
sentence: 127
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-309934-kcyao9i9.txt
txt: txt/cord-309934-kcyao9i9.txt
summary:
  However, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concluded that further in vitro testing of antiviral drugs on other coronavirus isolates and more information on the clinical outcome of patients treated with ribavirin or other antiviral drugs in controlled trials is needed (5) . A cell-based assay utilizing cytopathic endpoints (CPE) was set up using Vero E6 cells to screen these antiviral compounds.


id: cord-265263-r9e6bop3
author: Kassaa, Imad Al
title: Vaginal Lactobacillusgasseri CMUL57 can inhibit herpes simplex type 2 but not Coxsackievirus B4E2
date: 2015-03-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3871
sentence: 141
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-265263-r9e6bop3.txt
txt: txt/cord-265263-r9e6bop3.txt
summary:
  The addition of lactobacilli strains to Vero cell monolayers followed by their challenge with 100 PFU/ml HSV-2 reduced the cell death by 28, 16 and 17 %, respectively, compared with the control that contained Vero cells without bacteria and challenged with HSV-2 (Fig. 2) . The percentages of cell reductions (cell viability) were determined using the following formula: control well containing bacteria without Vero cells, and O.D(C) is the absorbance measured for control untreated mock-infected cells.


id: cord-309469-2naxn580
author: An, Hongliu
date: 2019-01-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3609
sentence: 123
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-309469-2naxn580.txt
txt: txt/cord-309469-2naxn580.txt
title:
  Identification and formation mechanism of a novel noncoding RNA produced by avian infectious bronchitis virus

summary:
  Noncoding RNAs of plant viruses and viroids: sponges of host translation and RNA interference machinery Noncoding RNAs of plant viruses and viroids: sponges of host translation and RNA interference machinery A noncoding RNA produced by arthropod-borne flaviviruses inhibits the cellular exoribonuclease XRN1 and alters host mRNA stability A highly structured, nuclease-resistant, noncoding RNA produced by flaviviruses is required for pathogenicity RNA of low molecular weight in KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2 A contemporary view of coronavirus transcription Noncoding flavivirus RNA displays RNA interference suppressor activity in insect and Mammalian cells West Nile virus noncoding subgenomic RNA contributes to viral evasion of the type I interferon-mediated antiviral response Towards construction of viral vectors based on avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus for gene delivery and vaccine development EBV noncoding RNAs Role of nucleotides immediately flanking the transcription-regulating sequence core in coronavirus subgenomic mRNA synthesis Noncoding RNPs of viral origin Decoding human cytomegalovirus Polyadenylylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Parvovirus expresses a small noncoding RNA that plays an essential role in virus replication Dissection of the adenoviral VA RNAI central domain structure reveals minimum requirements for RNA mediated inhibition of PKR Identification of a noncanonical signal for transcription of a novel subgenomic mRNA of mouse hepatitis virus: implication for the mechanism of coronavirus RNA transcription Characterization of ribonucleoprotein complexes containing an abundant polyadenylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) Sequence motifs involved in the regulation of discontinuous coronavirus subgenomic RNA synthesis This work was financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31572490) and the Department of Science and Technology, Hubei Provincial People's Government, China (No. 2013BHE020) For example, subgenomic RNA (sfRNA) produced by Flaviviruses, such as Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Yellow fever virus (YFV), and Zika virus [reviewed in (Bidet and Garcia-Blanco, 2014; Roby et al., 2014; Pijlman et al., 2008; Akiyama et al., 2016) , and subgenomic ncRNA generated by some plant viruses such as Barley yellow dwarf virus and Red clover necrotic mosaic virus using similar mechanism (Miller et al., 2016a) .


id: cord-287488-h102xn29
author: Araujo, Danielle Bastos
date: 2020-10-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3940
sentence: 144
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-287488-h102xn29.txt
txt: txt/cord-287488-h102xn29.txt
title:
  SARS-CoV-2 isolation from the first reported patients in Brazil and establishment of a coordinated task network

summary:
  We used NP swab specimen for virus isolation. The preparation of VIS and VLS stocks was performed as described above for virus isolation.


id: cord-330772-i7cfmw9x
author: Peng, Ju-Yi
date: 2019-12-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4646
sentence: 173
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-330772-i7cfmw9x.txt
txt: txt/cord-330772-i7cfmw9x.txt
title:
  Evaluation of antiviral activity of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

summary:
  To evaluate the cytotoxicity of BLFP crude extract in vitro, Vero cells were first grown in a 96-well microplate (Corning Life Sciences, Corning, NY, USA) at a density of 20,000 cells per well 1 day prior to the experiment. Normalized data were plotted against concentrations of BLFP crude extract and fitted to a non-linear regression curve using Graph-Pad Prism (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA).


id: cord-253616-7jyui5ca
author: Lai, Zheng-Zong
title: Harringtonine Inhibits Zika Virus Infection through Multiple Mechanisms
date: 2020-09-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4986
sentence: 216
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-253616-7jyui5ca.txt
txt: txt/cord-253616-7jyui5ca.txt
summary:
  Substantial research on screening antiviral agents against ZIKV and preventing ZIKV infection are globally underway, but Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments are not available yet. Results of IFA assay also showed that harringtonine treatment inhibited ZIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner ( Figure 1E ,F).


id: cord-010369-x9z8dg6a
author: Saito, Kyoko
date: 2020-04-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5049
sentence: 187
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-010369-x9z8dg6a.txt
txt: txt/cord-010369-x9z8dg6a.txt
title:
  Comparative characterization of flavivirus production in two cell lines: Human hepatoma-derived Huh7.5.1-8 and African green monkey kidney-derived Vero

summary:
  In the course of the Comparison of flavivirus production between Huh7.5.1-8 and Vero cell lines infection, plaques in Huh7.5.1-8 cells grew more rapidly than those in Vero cells. Codon 55 of RIG-I gene of Huh7.5.1 cells was heterozygous as was that of Huh7.5.1-8 cells, showing that the heterozygosity of the codon was stable at least during the time span for isolation of the Huh7.5.1-8 clone from Huh7.5.1 cells.


id: cord-313596-kc8loqyj
author: Osada, Naoki
title: The Genome Landscape of the African Green Monkey Kidney-Derived Vero Cell Line
date: 2014-09-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5022
sentence: 194
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-313596-kc8loqyj.txt
txt: txt/cord-313596-kc8loqyj.txt
summary:
  In addition, the genome landscape will be a crucial resource not only for the quality control of Vero cell lines, but also for the development of novel sub-lines in the future. Vero cells are susceptible to various types of microbes and toxins and have widely contributed to not only microbiology, but also the production of vaccines for human use.


id: cord-263439-oquk4t96
author: Park, Jung-Eun
title: Clathrin- and serine proteases-dependent uptake of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus into Vero cells
date: 2014-10-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5417
sentence: 201
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-263439-oquk4t96.txt
txt: txt/cord-263439-oquk4t96.txt
summary:
  To confirm the role of exogenous proteases in PEDV infection, PEDV infected cells were treated with trypsin and evaluated viral infectivity by immunocytochemistry. Both approaches provided similar conclusions on the mechanism of PEDV cell entry.


id: cord-298922-k568hlf4
author: Sun, Dongbo
date: 2015-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5207
sentence: 163
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-298922-k568hlf4.txt
txt: txt/cord-298922-k568hlf4.txt
title:
  Analysis of protein expression changes of the Vero E6 cells infected with classic PEDV strain CV777 by using quantitative proteomic technique

summary:
  In our study, the integrin recognized sequences of PEDV S protein was analyzed based on Ruoslahti's (1996) report. The CV777 strain of PEDV, kindly provided by Maurice Pensaert at Ghent University (Merelbeke, Belgium), was used in all of our experiments after being adapted to Vero E6 cells, as previously described (Hofmann and Wyler, 1988) .


id: cord-256370-cz88t29n
author: Jansen van Vuren, Petrus
title: Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa
date: 2016-02-29
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5541
sentence: 204
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-256370-cz88t29n.txt
txt: txt/cord-256370-cz88t29n.txt
summary:
  1 63.0 54.3 53.9 63.1 63.8 63.3 63.6 64.7 MAHLV replicated efficiently in Vero cell culture, with the inoculum containing a high dose of virus (10 5 TCID 50 /mL) leading to rapid monolayer destruction after inoculation, with a peak in virus RNA (measured by real-time RT-PCR) by day 7, followed by a decrease on day 13. The ectoparasite pool homogenate used for virus isolation was used as DNA source for phylogenetic confirmation of species.


id: cord-270683-982eqtog
author: Pavel, Shaikh Terkis Islam
title: Isolation and characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Turkey
date: 2020-09-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5535
sentence: 240
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-270683-982eqtog.txt
txt: txt/cord-270683-982eqtog.txt
summary:
  The diluted sample was inoculated onto monolayers of Vero E6 cells and gently agitated at 37˚C for 1 h. Consequently, DMEM with 2% FBS was added and the infected cells were monitored for the appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE). Twenty-four-well plates were seeded with Vero E6 cells and incubated at 37˚C with 5% CO 2 .


id: cord-001572-ap4ro5me
author: Oosterhoff, Dinja
title: Hematopoietic Cancer Cell Lines Can Support Replication of Sabin Poliovirus Type 1
date: 2015-02-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6158
sentence: 213
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-001572-ap4ro5me.txt
txt: txt/cord-001572-ap4ro5me.txt
summary:
  Infection of cell lines at an MOI of 0.01 resulted in high viral titers in the supernatant at day 4. Infection of K562 with passaged Sabin type 1 in a bioreactor system yielded high viral titers in the supernatant. Cell lines that have historically often been used for the production of viral vaccines are MRC-5 and WI-38 [1, 2] .


id: cord-351377-xorj8tnz
author: Kao, Chi-Fei
date: 2018-10-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5964
sentence: 183
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-351377-xorj8tnz.txt
txt: txt/cord-351377-xorj8tnz.txt
title:
  The Characterization of Immunoprotection Induced by a cDNA Clone Derived from the Attenuated Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strain

summary:
  Swine enteric coronavirus disease: A review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the United States and Canada Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: An emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus Experimental infection of a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in conventional nursing piglets and cross-protection to the original US PEDV infection Previous infection of sows with a mild strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus confers protection against infection with a severe Evaluation of serological cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization between the United States porcine epidemic diarrhea virus prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains Evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial inactivated genogroup 2b-based porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine and experimental live genogroup 1b exposure against 2b challenge Bioinformatics insight into the spike glycoprotein gene of field porcine epidemic diarrhea strains during 2011-2013 in Guangdong, China Distinct characteristics and complex evolution of PEDV strains Evaluation and Comparison of the Pathogenicity and Host Immune Responses Induced by a G2b Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Strain Pintung 52) and Its Highly Cell-Culture Passaged Strain in Conventional 5-Week-Old Pigs Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin Manipulation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome using targeted RNA recombination Genetic manipulation of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus recovered from a full-length infectious cDNA clone Characterization of a pathogenic full-length cDNA clone of a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain AH2012/12 in China Development of the full-length cDNA clones of two porcine epidemic diarrhea disease virus isolates with different virulence Characterization of a Pathogenic Full-Length cDNA Clone and Transmission Model for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC22A Strategy for systematic assembly of large RNA and DNA genomes: transmissible gastroenteritis virus model An efficient one-step site-directed deletion, insertion, single and multiple-site plasmid mutagenesis protocol Efficacy of heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit-adjuvanted parenteral porcine epidemic diarrhea virus trimeric spike subunit vaccine in piglets Ribavirin-resistant variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus: the effect of restricted quasispecies diversity on viral virulence Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population Viral quasispecies Quasispecies Theory in Virology Virus-based vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells Coronaviruses as vectors: Stability of foreign gene expression Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses. A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine Genome organization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, China Pathology of US Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC21A in Gnotobiotic Pigs Phylogenetic Analysis of the Spike (S) Gene of the New Variants of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus in Taiwan


id: cord-023871-9vi0m378
author: Mizutani, Tetsuya
title: Signaling Pathways of SARS-CoV In Vitro and In Vivo
date: 2009-07-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6804
sentence: 249
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-023871-9vi0m378.txt
txt: txt/cord-023871-9vi0m378.txt
summary:
  Akt signaling pathways are required for establishing persistent SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 cells Regulation of p90RSK phosphorylation by SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 cells Characterization of persistent SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 cells Inhibition of Cell Proliferation by SARS-CoV infection in Vero E6 cells Mechanisms of establishment of persistent SARS-CoV-infected cells Enhancement of cytotoxicity against Vero E6 cells persistently infected with SARS-CoV by Mycoplasma fermentans Constitutive activation of Stat3 in human prostate tumors and cell lines: direct inhibition of Stat3 signaling induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells Cytokine regulation in SARS coronavirus infection compared to other respiratory virus infections Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3a protein activates the mitochondrial death pathway through p38 MAP kinase activation Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome The severe acute respiratory syndrome mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and its role in interferon signaling Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada ORF61 Protein of Varicella-Zoster Virus Influences JNK/SAPK and p38/MAPK Phosphorylation Multiple routes to astrocytic differentiation in the CNS Apoptosis induced by the SARS-associated coronavirus in Vero cells is replication-dependent and involves caspase Ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) activation requires signals dependent on and independent of the MAP kinase ERK Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Unravelling the activation mechanisms of protein kinase B/Akt Activation of transcription by IFNgamma: tyrosine phosphorylation of a 91-kD DNA binding protein Interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor MyD88 is required for protection from lethal infection with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV A single phosphotyrosine residue of Stat91 required for gene activation by interferon-gamma Interferon activation of the transcription factor Stat91 involves dimerization through SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions Protein kinase R (PKR) interacts with and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MKK6) in response to double-stranded RNA stimulation Identification of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) docking site in ribosomal S6 kinase, a sequence critical for activation by ERK in vivo Role of p38 MAPK and RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) in Hepatitis C virus core-dependent nuclear delocalization of Cyclin B1 Japanese encephalitis virus infection initiates endoplasmic reticulum stress and an unfolded protein response The SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein induces actin reorganization and apoptosis in COS-1 cells The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein is phosphorylated and localizes in the cytoplasm by 14-3-3-mediated translocation The nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus inhibits the activity of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complex and blocks S phase progression in mammalian cells FGF and stress regulate CREB and ATF-1 via a pathway involving p38 MAP kinase and MAPKAP kinase-2 Induction of apoptosis by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 7a protein is dependent on its interaction with the Bcl-XL protein Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression Analysis of cell apoptosis in SARS patients is key to understanding the signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis.


id: cord-002935-jq1xumrh
author: Postnikova, Elena
title: Testing therapeutics in cell-based assays: Factors that influence the apparent potency of drugs
date: 2018-03-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6245
sentence: 247
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-002935-jq1xumrh.txt
txt: txt/cord-002935-jq1xumrh.txt
summary:
  In contrast, EBOV spread on Vero E6 cells varied considerably between cell passages 6-28 with peak infection (replication efficacy) at cell culture passages 12-14 ( Fig 3A) and equally lower for early or late passages. The EBOV/Mak titer was determined by plaque assay in Vero E6 cells.


id: cord-272729-nbgdmavr
author: Kim, Youngnam
title: Ribavirin efficiently suppresses porcine nidovirus replication
date: 2012-10-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6673
sentence: 226
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-272729-nbgdmavr.txt
txt: txt/cord-272729-nbgdmavr.txt
summary:
  Our results demonstrated that ribavirin treatment dose-dependently inhibited the replication of both nidoviruses. N protein staining revealed that the number of cells expressing viral antigen, as quantified by N protein staining results, was also reduced during ribavirin treatment, resulting in a maximum of ∼80% inhibition in response to 50 M and 200 M for PRRSV and PEDV, respectively ( Fig.


id: cord-297531-et1sli23
author: Du, Ruikun
title: A novel glycoprotein D-specific monoclonal antibody neutralizes herpes simplex virus
date: 2017-10-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6744
sentence: 280
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-297531-et1sli23.txt
txt: txt/cord-297531-et1sli23.txt
summary:
  Viruses were propagated in Vero cells and cell lysate stocks were prepared as previously described (Morrison and Knipe, 1996) . Virus titers were determined in Vero cells (Navarro et al., 1992) .


id: cord-266585-jfjrk9gy
author: Fang, Shouguo
date: 2007-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7179
sentence: 264
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-266585-jfjrk9gy.txt
txt: txt/cord-266585-jfjrk9gy.txt
title:
  An arginine-to-proline mutation in a domain with undefined functions within the helicase protein (Nsp13) is lethal to the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cultured cells

summary:
  In vitro assembly of full-length coronavirus clones, generation of full-length transcripts in vitro using a bacteriophage DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and recovery of infectious viruses by introduction of the in vitro-synthesized transcripts into cells, first used by Yount et al. (2000) , are a rapid and reliable approach to construct infectious clones from large RNA viruses. key: cord-266585-jfjrk9gy authors: Fang, Shouguo; Chen, Bo; Tay, Felicia P.L.; Ng, Beng Sern; Liu, Ding Xing title: An arginine-to-proline mutation in a domain with undefined functions within the helicase protein (Nsp13) is lethal to the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cultured cells date: 2007-02-05 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.020 sha: doc_id: 266585 cord_uid: jfjrk9gy Genetic manipulation of the RNA genomes by reverse genetics is a powerful tool to study the molecular biology and pathogenesis of RNA viruses.


id: cord-305496-t8ykkekl
author: Stone, E. Taylor
date: 2020-08-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7239
sentence: 245
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-305496-t8ykkekl.txt
txt: txt/cord-305496-t8ykkekl.txt
title:
  Characterization of cells susceptible to SARS-COV-2 and methods for detection of neutralizing antibody by focus forming assay

summary:
  This goal was guided by previous studies that 118 have suggested that the use of Vero cells from varying origins can impact viral titer These results suggest that these 275 gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines can support infection, replication and egress of SARS-CoV-2 as 276 well as, or in some cases better than, Vero cell lines.


id: cord-339012-4juhmjaj
author: Hou, Wei
date: 2020-07-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6784
sentence: 241
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-339012-4juhmjaj.txt
txt: txt/cord-339012-4juhmjaj.txt
title:
  Rapid host response to an infection with Coronavirus. Study of transcriptional responses with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

summary:
  Differential expressed genes (DEGs) in PEDV infected cells were compared to DEGs responding in Vero cells infected with Mammalian Orthoreovirus (MRV). A decrease in CT-values for PEDV was not observed before 6 h post inoculation (6 h.p.i), indicating that replication in PEDV infected cells started later than was observed for MRV (at 4 h.p.i).


id: cord-263178-lvxxdvas
author: Shan, Dan
date: 2018-05-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6895
sentence: 239
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-263178-lvxxdvas.txt
txt: txt/cord-263178-lvxxdvas.txt
title:
  Effects of hypervariable regions in spike protein on pathogenicity, tropism, and serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus

summary:
  The pathogenesis of virulent and avirulent avian infectious bronchitis virus Fine level epitope mapping and conservation analysis of two novel linear B-cell epitopes of the avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus nucleocapsid protein Recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus beaudette with the spike protein gene of the pathogenic M41 strain remains attenuated but induces protective immunity The S1 glycoprotein but not the N or M proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus induces protection in vaccinated chickens Identification of previously unknown antigenic epitopes on the S and N proteins of avian infectious bronchitis virus A recombinant fowl adenovirus expressing the S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus protects against challenge with infectious bronchitis virus Development and validation of RT-PCR tests for the detection and S1 genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus and other closely related gammacoronaviruses within clinical samples Location of antigenic sites defined by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the S1 avian infectious bronchitis virus glycopolypeptide Antigenic domains on the peplomer protein of avian infectious bronchitis virus: correlation with biological functions Analysis of an immunodominant region of infectious bronchitis virus Antigenicity of the peplomer protein of infectious bronchitis virus Altered pathogenesis of a mutant of the murine coronavirus MHV-A59 is associated with a Q159L amino acid substitution in the spike protein Recombinant duck enteritis viruses expressing major structural proteins of the infectious bronchitis virus provide protection against infectious bronchitis in chickens Identification of a trypsin-like serine proteinase domain encoded by ORF 1a of the coronavirus IBV Proteolytic mapping of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 1b polyprotein: evidence for the presence of four cleavage sites of the 3C-like proteinase and identification of two novel cleavage products Infectious bronchitis virus: S1 gene characteristics of vaccines used in China and efficacy of vaccination against heterologous strains from China Genetic diversity of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus strains isolated in China between Identification of a newly isolated avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus variant in China exhibiting affinity for the respiratory tract Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses: complicated evolution and epidemiology in china caused by cocirculation of multiple types of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses Characterization of a recombinant coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus with distinct S1 subunits of spike and nucleocapsid genes and a 3' untranslated region Isolation and molecular characterization of Sul/01/09 avian infectious bronchitis virus, indicates the emergence of a new genotype in the Middle East Identification of amino acids involved in a serotype and neutralization specific epitope within the s1 subunit of avian infectious bronchitis virus Epitopes on the peplomer protein of infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 as defined by monoclonal antibodies Multiple regions of the murine coronavirus spike glycoprotein influence neurovirulence Mapping of the receptor-binding domain and amino acids critical for attachment in the spike protein of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus Assessment of molecular and genetic evolution, antigenicity and virulence properties during the persistence of the infectious bronchitis virus in broiler breeders Development and immunogenicity of recombinant GapA(+) Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine strain ts-11 expressing infectious bronchitis virus-S1 glycoprotein and chicken interleukin-6 Induction of protective immunity in chickens vaccinated with infectious bronchitis virus S1 glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus Singleamino-acid substitutions in open reading frame (ORF) 1b-nsp14 and ORF 2a proteins of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus are attenuating in mice Phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in China, and Persistent antigenic variation of influenza A viruses after incomplete neutralization in ovo with heterologous immune serum The replicase gene of avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus is a determinant of pathogenicity Evidence of circulation of a Chinese strain of infectious bronchitis virus (QXIBV) in Italy Molecular epizootiology of avian infectious bronchitis in Russia Recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene demonstrates that the spike protein is a determinant of cell tropism Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine development: experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus Coronavirus IBV: removal of spike glycopolypeptide S1 by urea abolishes infectivity and haemagglutination but not attachment to cells Amino acids within hypervariable region 1 of avian coronavirus IBV (Massachusetts serotype) spike glycoprotein are associated with neutralization epitopes Location of the amino acid differences in the S1 spike glycoprotein subunit of closely related serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus Molecular and antigenic characteristics of Massachusetts genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China Evidence for a coiled-coil structure in the spike proteins of coronaviruses Induction of cystic oviducts and protection against early challenge with infectious bronchitis virus serotype D388 (genotype QX) by maternally derived antibodies and by early vaccination Mouse hepatitis virus liver pathology is dependent on ADP-ribose-10phosphatase, a viral function conserved in the alpha-like supergroup Selection of and recombination between minor variants lead to the adaptation of an avian coronavirus to primate cells An arginine-to-proline mutation in a domain with undefined functions within the helicase protein (Nsp13) is lethal to the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus in cultured cells Functional and genetic studies of the substrate specificity of coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 3C-like proteinase Coronavirus-induced ER stress response and its involvement in regulation of coronavirus-host interactions


id: cord-271638-0wsyl7vk
author: Li, Wenmiao
date: 2020-03-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7485
sentence: 315
flesch: 53
cache: cache/cord-271638-0wsyl7vk.txt
txt: txt/cord-271638-0wsyl7vk.txt
title:
  Inhibition of herpes simplex virus by myricetin through targeting viral gD protein and cellular EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway

summary:
  2C and E, myricetin treatment (20 μM) during adsorption significantly decreased the fluorescence of ICP5 protein on cell surface, compared to that in non-treated virus control cells, suggesting that myricetin may block virus adsorption process of HSV. RNA levels for non-treated virus control cells (HSV) were assigned values of 1.0.


id: cord-260107-gqbtkf0x
author: Lee, Sunhee
title: Isolation and characterization of a Korean porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain KNU-141112
date: 2015-10-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7710
sentence: 262
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-260107-gqbtkf0x.txt
txt: txt/cord-260107-gqbtkf0x.txt
summary:
  All original feces and passaged PEDV viruses through passages 30 were classified into subgroup 2b along with the recent Korean field isolates, which were most closely clustered together with the emergent US strains in an adjacent clade with the same subgroup. Animal studies showed that KNU-141112 virus causes severe diarrhea and vomiting, fecal shedding, and acute atrophic enteritis, indicating that strain KNU-141112 is highly enteropathogenic in the natural host.


id: cord-254317-n2knqj4z
author: Su, Yunfang
title: The enhanced replication of an S-intact PEDV during coinfection with an S1 NTD-del PEDV in piglets
date: 2018-11-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8209
sentence: 333
flesch: 57
cache: cache/cord-254317-n2knqj4z.txt
txt: txt/cord-254317-n2knqj4z.txt
summary:
  By IF staining for the PEDV S1 proteins, a few PEDV antigens were observed in the jejunum of the icPC22A-S1Δ197-inoculated piglets (green alone, positive for S1Δ197 only), while many antigens were observed in those of the icPC22 A-inoculated piglets [yellow, representing positive for both S1Δ197 (green) and S1°d omain (red)] and the coinfection piglets (yellow) (Fig. 2C) . PEDV S protein mediates the essential functions of receptor binding (via S1 subunit) and subsequent fusion of the viral and cellular membranes (via S2 subunit) (Li, 2016) .


id: cord-254916-y1rw9q11
author: Ogando, Natacha S.
date: 2020-06-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8596
sentence: 303
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-254916-y1rw9q11.txt
txt: txt/cord-254916-y1rw9q11.txt
title:
  SARS-coronavirus-2 replication in Vero E6 cells: replication kinetics, rapid adaptation and cytopathology

summary:
  The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade The proteolytic regulation of virus cell entry by furin and other proprotein convertases A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Host cell entry of middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein Furin cleavage of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein enhances cell-cell fusion but does not affect virion entry Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein Cathepsin L functionally cleaves the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus class I fusion protein upstream of rather than adjacent to the fusion peptide Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/ lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner SARS coronavirus, but not human coronavirus NL63, utilizes cathepsin L to infect ACE2-expressing cells Identification of a common deletion in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 Characterisation of the transcriptome and proteome of SARS-CoV-2 using direct RNA sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry reveals evidence for a cell passage induced in-frame deletion in the spike glycoprotein that removes the furin-like cleavage site A hypervariable region within the 3' cis-acting element of the murine coronavirus genome is nonessential for RNA synthesis but affects pathogenesis A conserved RNA pseudoknot in a putative molecular switch domain of the 3'-untranslated region of coronaviruses is only marginally stable RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro SARS-CoV-2 sensitive to type I interferon pretreatment Isolation, sequence, infectivity and replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells Apical entry and release of severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus in polarized Calu-3 lung epithelial cells Exogenous ACE2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication SARS-Associated coronavirus replication in cell lines Discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replicationspecific multiplex reverse transcription-PCR Studies on the mechanism of the priming effect of interferon on interferon production by cell cultures exposed to poly(rI)-poly(rC) Regulation of the interferon system: evidence that Vero cells have a genetic defect in interferon production A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China The FDAapproved gold drug auranofin inhibits novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) replication and attenuates inflammation in human cells Overexpression of 7a, a protein specifically encoded by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, induces apoptosis via a caspase-dependent pathway Sars coronavirus 7a protein blocks cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase via the cyclin D3/pRb pathway The ORF7b protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is expressed in virus-infected cells and incorporated into SARS-CoV particles The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors The 8ab protein of SARS-CoV is a luminal ER membrane-associated protein and induces the activation of ATF6 SARS-Coronavirus open reading Frame-8b triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 Proteolytic processing of the replicase ORF1a protein of equine arteritis virus Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV Monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA as probes of RNA structure in crude nucleic acid extracts Localization of mouse hepatitis virus nonstructural proteins and RNA synthesis indicates a role for late endosomes in viral replication Debio 025, a cyclophilin binding molecule, is highly efficient in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-containing cells when used alone or in combination with specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C) inhibitors The intracellular sites of early replication and budding of SARScoronavirus Sars-Coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum Double-Stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negativestrand RNA viruses Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex Infectious bronchitis virus generates spherules from zippered endoplasmic reticulum membranes The porcine deltacoronavirus replication organelle comprises Double-Membrane vesicles and Zippered endoplasmic reticulum with Double-Membrane spherules Replication of coronavirus MHV-A59 in sac-cells: determination of the first site of budding of progeny virions Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro In vitro inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by chloroquine Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread Human coronavirus


id: cord-275863-qos9vu3r
author: Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa
title: Lectin Switching During Dengue Virus Infection
date: 2011-06-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4502
sentence: 164
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-275863-qos9vu3r.txt
txt: txt/cord-275863-qos9vu3r.txt
summary:
  The mannose receptor mediates dengue virus infection of macrophages Dengue 1 virus binding to human hepatoma HepG2 and simian Vero cell surfaces differs Dengue virus entry into liver (HepG2) cells is independent of hsp90 and hsp70 Heat shock protein 90 and heat shock protein 70 are components of dengue virus receptor complex in human cells Identification of GRP 78 (BiP) as a liver cell expressed receptor element for dengue virus serotype 2 Bacterial lipopolysaccharide inhibits dengue virus infection of primary human monocytes/macrophages by blockade of virus entry via a CD14-dependent mechanism Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN)-mediated enhancement of dengue virus infection is independent of DC-SIGN internalization signals Dendritic-cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin is essential for the productive infection of human dendritic cells by mosquito-cell-derived dengue viruses A variant in the CD209 promoter is associated with severity of dengue disease CLEC5A is critical for denguevirus-induced lethal disease A complex interplay among virus, dendritic cells, T cells, and cytokines in dengue virus infections Histidine 39 in the dengue virus type 2 M protein has an important role in virus assembly Cross-reacting antibodies enhance dengue virus infection in humans Immunodominant T-cell responses to dengue virus NS3 are associated with DHF Immunopathological mechanisms in dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever Original antigenic sin and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever Multiplex cytokine profile from dengue patients: MIP-1beta and IFN-gamma as predictive factors for severity High levels of sTNFR p75 and TNF alpha in dengue-infected patients Monocytes, but not T or B cells, are the principal target cells for dengue virus (DV) infection among human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Phenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute dengue illness demonstrates infection and increased activation of monocytes in severe cases compared to classic dengue fever Dengue virus infectivity depends on envelope protein binding to target cell heparan sulfate DC-SIGN (CD209) mediates dengue virus infection of human dendritic cells


id: cord-331680-qlzhtxs0
author: Goryachev, A.N.
title: Potential Opportunity of Antisense Therapy of COVID-19 on an in Vitro Model
date: 2020-11-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4113
sentence: 144
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-331680-qlzhtxs0.txt
txt: txt/cord-331680-qlzhtxs0.txt
summary:
  antisense oligonucleotides consists in administering to the body of the patient a drug containing single-strand DNA chains which is complementary to any site of single-strand DNA or RNA, for example, virus RNA. Table 2 Genetic target sequences of the coronavirus genome for TRS1 and TRS2 drugs Name Nucleotide sequence of virus RNA (5 '-3') site trs1 GATCTGTTCTCTAAACGAAC site trs2 CTGTTCTCTAAACGAACTTTA *


id: cord-343515-fad1yyqx
author: Felgenhauer, Ulrike
title: Inhibition of SARS–CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons
date: 2020-10-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2939
sentence: 96
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-343515-fad1yyqx.txt
txt: txt/cord-343515-fad1yyqx.txt
summary:
  CrossRef 29 SARS-CoV pathogenesis is regulated by a STAT1 dependent but a type I, II and III interferon receptor independent mechanism Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Combined action of type I and type III interferon restricts initial replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the lung but fails to inhibit systemic virus spread Interferon-lambda contributes to innate immunity of mice against influenza A virus but not against hepatotropic viruses Ribavirin and interferon therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome: a multicenter observational study Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study Sensitivity of SARS/ MERS CoV to interferons and other drugs based on achievable serum concentrations in humans SARS: systematic review of treatment effects Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments Side effects of ruxolitinib in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: two case reports Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A recombinant human interferon-alpha B/D hybrid with a broad host-range The influence of the rs30461 single nucleotide polymorphism on IFN-l1 activity and secretion BMDP Statistical Software Manual Moreover, type I IFN seems to have a more profound effect than type III IFN.


id: cord-332276-gs80celr
author: Tan, Yee‐Joo
date: 2007-08-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5794
sentence: 179
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-332276-gs80celr.txt
txt: txt/cord-332276-gs80celr.txt
title:
  Regulation of cell death during infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other coronaviruses

summary:
  The overexpression of the 3a protein in Vero E6 (Law et al., 2005) and the overexpression of the 3b protein in both COS-7 and Vero E6 cells induce apoptosis Khan et al., 2006) . key: cord-332276-gs80celr authors: Tan, Yee‐Joo; Lim, Seng Gee; Hong, Wanjin title: Regulation of cell death during infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other coronaviruses date: 2007-08-20 journal: Cell Microbiol DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01034.x sha: doc_id: 332276 cord_uid: gs80celr Both apoptosis and necrosis have been observed in cells infected by various coronaviruses, suggesting that the regulation of cell death is important for viral replication and/or pathogenesis.


id: cord-279975-542qbbgp
author: Shibata, Isao
date: 2000-03-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2724
sentence: 121
flesch: 56
cache: cache/cord-279975-542qbbgp.txt
txt: txt/cord-279975-542qbbgp.txt
title:
  Isolation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in porcine cell cultures and experimental infection of pigs of different ages

summary:
  PED virus was isolated from the small intestine of piglets inoculated with PED samples and cultured in Vero, porcine bladder and kidney cells propagated in collagen-coated tissue culture plates in maintenance medium (MM) containing trypsin. 8- and 12-week old specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs were orally inoculated with PED virus isolated from an outbreak.


id: cord-323839-a4oejky0
author: Sasaki, Michihito
date: 2020-08-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2106
sentence: 74
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-323839-a4oejky0.txt
txt: txt/cord-323839-a4oejky0.txt
title:
  SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations at the S1/S2 cleavage site are generated in vitro during propagation in TMPRSS2-deficient cells

summary:
  These results suggested that S gene mutant, del2, can enter Vero-TMPRSS2 1 4 2 cells via cathepsin-dependent endocytosis but not the TMPRSS2-mediated fusion pathway. Parental Vero cells that do not express TMPRSS2 were inoculated with S gene mutant 1 4 4 viruses in the presence of camostat and/or E-64d.


id: cord-274110-nyyunoha
author: Orlinger, Klaus K.
title: An inactivated West Nile Virus vaccine derived from a chemically synthesized cDNA system
date: 2010-04-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5129
sentence: 202
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-274110-nyyunoha.txt
txt: txt/cord-274110-nyyunoha.txt
summary:
  West Nile and dengue viruses Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication Functional cDNA clones of the Flaviviridae: strategies and applications A stable full-length yellow fever virus cDNA clone and the role of conserved RNA elements in flavivirus replication Infectious cDNA clones of Langat tick-borne flavivirus that differ from their parent in peripheral neurovirulence Identification of a major determinant of mouse neurovirulence of dengue virus type 2 using stably cloned genomic-length cDNA Characterization of infectious Murray Valley encephalitis virus derived from a stably cloned genome-length cDNA Synthesis and characterization of an infectious dengue virus type-2 RNA genome (New Guinea C strain) Completion of Kunjin virus RNA sequence and recovery of an infectious RNA transcribed from stably cloned full-length cDNA Construction of infectious cDNA clones for dengue 2 virus: strain 16681 and its attenuated vaccine derivative, strain PDK-53 Infectious RNA transcribed from stably cloned full-length cDNA of dengue type 4 virus Molecular and functional analyses of Kunjin virus infectious cDNA clones demonstrate the essential roles for NS2A in virus assembly and for a nonconservative residue in NS3 in RNA replication Infectious cDNA clones of tick-borne encephalitis virus European subtype prototypic strain Neudoerfl and high virulence strain Hypr Infectious clone construction of dengue virus type 2, strain Jamaican 1409, and characterization of a conditional E6 mutation Infectious cDNA clone of attenuated Langat tick-borne flavivirus (strain E5) and a 3 deletion mutant constructed from it exhibit decreased neuroinvasiveness in immunodeficient mice Infectious RNA transcripts from fulllength dengue virus type 2 cDNA clones made in yeast Construction of a full length infectious clone for dengue-1 virus Western Pacific, 74 strain Transcription of infectious yellow fever RNA from full-length cDNA templates produced by in vitro ligation Infectious cDNA clone of the epidemic west nile virus from New York City Infectious Japanese encephalitis virus RNA can be synthesized from in vitro-ligated cDNA templates An infectious clone of the West Nile flavivirus A new strategy in design of +RNA virus infectious clones enabling their stable propagation in E. coli Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease Functional analysis of the tick-borne encephalitis virus cyclization elements indicates major differences between mosquito-borne and tick-borne flaviviruses Proteolytic activation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by furin Kunjin virus replicons: an RNAbased, non-cytopathic viral vector system for protein production, vaccine and gene therapy applications Preclinical and clinical development of YFV 17D-based chimeric vaccines against dengue, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses The test-tube synthesis of a chemical called poliovirus Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: phiX174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice Rates of spontaneous mutation Viral quasispecies Addressing biosecurity concerns related to the synthesis of select agents. RNA viruses replicate their genome with an error prone mechanism (for reviews see [33] ), resulting in a multitude of distinct but related nucleic acids forming a quasispecies [34] .


id: cord-273745-mwjh5se7
author: Meng, Fandan
date: 2014-03-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5528
sentence: 186
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-273745-mwjh5se7.txt
txt: txt/cord-273745-mwjh5se7.txt
title:
  A phage-displayed peptide recognizing porcine aminopeptidase N is a potent small molecule inhibitor of PEDV entry

summary:
  However, when PEDV, TGEV and porcine pseudorabies virus were incubated with peptide H (HVTTTFAPPPPR), only infection of Vero cells by PEDV was inhibited. Immunofluoresence assays indicated that inhibition of PEDV infection by peptide H was independent of pAPN.


id: cord-312899-ot5pvtbl
author: Chen, F
title: In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds
date: 2004-09-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3165
sentence: 108
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-312899-ot5pvtbl.txt
txt: txt/cord-312899-ot5pvtbl.txt
summary:
  The well-known side effect of pancytopenia may also be confused with markers of SARS activity such as a decrease in platelets and occasionally neutrophils (Raanani and Ben-Bassat, 2002) . Interferon-beta-1a, leukocytic interferon-alpha, ribavirin, lopinavir, rimantadine, baicalin and glycyrrhizin showed antiviral activity.


id: cord-277547-2vim1wno
author: Zandi, Keivan
title: Antiviral activity of four types of bioflavonoid against dengue virus type-2
date: 2011-12-28
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4387
sentence: 193
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-277547-2vim1wno.txt
txt: txt/cord-277547-2vim1wno.txt
summary:
  Anti-dengue activity of these compounds was determined at different stages of DENV-2 infection and replication cycle. Although there was no significant direct virucidal activity against DENV-2 by quercetin, continuous treatment of cells from 5 h before virus infection up to 4 days post-infection exhibited anti-dengue activity with IC 50 = 28.9 μg mL -1


id: cord-343132-qqhivgkq
author: Chang-Liao, Wan-Ping
date: 2020-07-15
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6012
sentence: 219
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-343132-qqhivgkq.txt
txt: txt/cord-343132-qqhivgkq.txt
title:
  Isolation of a Leuconostoc mesenteroides Strain With Anti-Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Activities From Kefir Grains

summary:
  The absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate reader (Victor 3 , PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), and percentages of cell metabolic activity were calculated as follows: However, pretreatment of PEDV cells with the cell-wall fractions of Ln. mesenteroides YPK30 for 24 h before infection with PEDV did not impede PEDV replication.


id: cord-355440-20yq6zj0
author: Klingström, Jonas
date: 2006-09-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4834
sentence: 192
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-355440-20yq6zj0.txt
txt: txt/cord-355440-20yq6zj0.txt
title:
  Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite have different antiviral effects against hantavirus replication and free mature virions

summary:
  On the other hand, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency had no impact on the pathology in vaccinia virus and corona virus infections of mice [14] , showing that NO-induced pathology is not a general feature during virus infections. iNOS is the major source of NO during virus infection.


id: cord-349689-njb6619x
author: Khan, Mohsin
date: 2010-03-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3941
sentence: 167
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-349689-njb6619x.txt
txt: txt/cord-349689-njb6619x.txt
title:
  Assessment of in vitro prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine against chikungunya virus in vero cells

summary:
  However, our results suggest that the anti-viral activity of chloroquine is not associated with these previously reported activities, since CHIKV infection was unaffected when the drug was added during late stages of viral infection. Currently, there is no specific therapy available to treat CHIKV infection.


id: cord-300379-db79kb5c
author: Park, Jun-Gyu
title: Potent Inhibition of Zika Virus Replication by Aurintricarboxylic Acid
date: 2019-04-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5171
sentence: 160
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-300379-db79kb5c.txt
txt: txt/cord-300379-db79kb5c.txt
summary:
  ADE, which has been extensively described in DENV (Priyamvada et al., 2017) , is a phenomenon where preexisting antibodies facilitate binding and infection during subsequent exposure to infectious viruses, instead of neutralizing them, resulting in exacerbation of clinical signs Priyamvada et al., 2017) . Because of the structural similarities between DENV and ZIKV, DENV immunity-linked ADE of ZIKV infection has also been reported Priyamvada et al., 2017) .


id: cord-331094-22366b81
author: Ianevski, Aleksandr
title: Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
date: 2020-06-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6839
sentence: 313
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-331094-22366b81.txt
txt: txt/cord-331094-22366b81.txt
summary:
  The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma The Roles of Host and Viral Antibody Fc Receptors in Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infections and Immunity Fc-Mediated Antibody Effector Functions During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Disease A Role for Fc Function in Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Protection against Ebola Virus Discovery and development of safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents Human induced pluripotent stem cells are a novel source of neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) that migrate and integrate in the rodent spinal cord (BOMB): Open platform for high-throughput nucleic acid extraction and manipulation Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR Antiviral Properties of Chemical Inhibitors of Cellular Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide, and gemcitabine inhibit influenza a virus infection Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide and gemcitabine inhibit Zika virus infection in vitro and differentially affect cellular signaling, transcription and metabolism Expanding the activity spectrum of antiviral agents SynergyFinder 2.0: Visual analytics of multi-drug combination synergies DrugCentral 2018: These results are consistent with previous studies showing that physical factors destabilize SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses [39] [40] [41] [42] .


id: cord-284322-synuzaxm
author: Borel, Nicole
date: 2010-07-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5451
sentence: 220
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-284322-synuzaxm.txt
txt: txt/cord-284322-synuzaxm.txt
title:
  Mixed infections with Chlamydia and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - a new in vitro model of chlamydial persistence

summary:
  If Chlamydia pecorum infection might induce a down regulation of the host PEDV receptor needed for syncytium formation at 14-15 hours post-chlamydial infection, this could produce a reduction in syncytium formation without reducing viral entry or replication -the possible persistence inducer mechanism. In other words, Chlamydia pecorum inclusions Vero cells were infected with Chlamydia abortus with subsequent PEDV inoculation and stained as with an anti-Chlamydia antibody and DAPI; c) Frequency of inclusions with various sizes was calculated and mono and double infected cells were compared according to the inclusion size.


id: cord-333208-tibtngy8
author: Muñoz-Moreno, Raquel
title: Antiviral Role of IFITM Proteins in African Swine Fever Virus Infection
date: 2016-04-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5875
sentence: 267
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-333208-tibtngy8.txt
txt: txt/cord-333208-tibtngy8.txt
summary:
  Expression of IFITM1, 2 and 3 reduced virus infectivity in Vero cells, with IFITM2 and IFITM3 having an impact on viral entry/uncoating. The role of IFITM2 in the inhibition of ASFV in Vero cells could be related to impaired endocytosis-mediated viral entry and alterations in the cholesterol efflux, suggesting that IFITM2 is acting at the late endosome, preventing the decapsidation stage of ASFV.


id: cord-351525-306syrrn
author: Yang, Yong-Le
date: 2019-11-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6958
sentence: 219
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-351525-306syrrn.txt
txt: txt/cord-351525-306syrrn.txt
title:
  Broad Cross-Species Infection of Cultured Cells by Bat HKU2-Related Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus and Identification of Its Replication in Murine Dendritic Cells In Vivo Highlight Its Potential for Diverse Interspecies Transmission

summary:
  We first demonstrated that SADS-CoV possesses a broad species tropism and is able to infect cell lines from diverse species, including bats, mice, rats, gerbils, hamsters, pigs, chickens, nonhuman primates, and humans. In addition to rodents, we also measured the SADS-CoV susceptibility of cell lines from humans, monkeys, chickens, and dogs, revealing a remarkably broad spectrum of tropism (Table 1 and Fig. 1) .


id: cord-329494-cdn52epy
author: Artuso, María C.
title: Inhibition of Junín virus replication by small interfering RNAs
date: 2009-07-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4784
sentence: 151
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-329494-cdn52epy.txt
txt: txt/cord-329494-cdn52epy.txt
summary:
  JUNV is an enveloped, single stranded, ambisense RNA virus with a segmented genome consisting of two segments, designated large (L) and small (S). Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference An arenavirus RING (zincbinding) protein binds the oncoprotein promyelocyte leukemia protein (PML) and relocates PML nuclear bodies to the cytoplasm The lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus RING protein Z associates with eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and selectively represses translation in a RING-dependent manner Antigenic relationships between attenuated and pathogenic strains of Junin virus Silencing E1A mRNA by RNA interference inhibits adenovirus replication Characterization of the arenavirus RING finger Z protein regions required for Z-mediated inhibition of viral RNA synthesis RING finger Z protein of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) inhibits transcription and RNA replication of an LCMV S-segment minigenome Treatment of arenavirus infections: from basic studies to the challenge of antiviral therapy The first targeted delivery of siRNA in humans via a selfassembling, cyclodextrin polymer-based nanoparticle: from concept to clinic The proline-rich homeodomain (PRH/HEX) protein is down-regulated in liver during infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Functional anatomy of siRNA for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate Inhibition of Marburg virus protein expression and viral release by RNA interference Differential inhibitory action of two azoic compounds against arenaviruses Arenavirus Z protein as an antiviral target: virus inactivation and protein oligomerization by zinc finger-reactive compounds Poliovirus escape from RNA interference: short interfering RNA-target recognition and implications for therapeutic approaches An RNA-directed nuclease mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing in Drosophila cells Unlocking the potential of the human genome with RNA interference A cellular function for the RNA-interference enzyme Dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal RNA Selective silencing of viral gene expression in HPV-positive human cervical carcinoma cells treated with siRNA, a primer of RNA interference RNA interference: from gene silencing to genespecific therapeutics Combination of small interfering RNA and lamivudine on inhibition of human B virus replication in HepG2.2.15 cells RNA interference effectively inhibits mRNA accumulation and protein expression of hepatitis C virus core and E2 genes in human cells Transcription and RNA replication of Tacaribe virus genome and antigenome analogs require N and L proteins: Z protein is an inhibitor


id: cord-295559-yc8q62z8
author: Qian, Zhaohui
date: 2013-10-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7314
sentence: 242
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-295559-yc8q62z8.txt
txt: txt/cord-295559-yc8q62z8.txt
title:
  Role of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Virus Entry and Syncytia Formation

summary:
  We have used lentivirus pseudotypes with MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein to identify cells susceptible to infection with MERS-CoV and to study the role of MERS S protein in virus entry and syncytia formation. Thus, MERS S protein does not require acidification to mediate virus entry, and the acidification required for endosomal entry


id: cord-289248-6mx4o0eb
author: Wang, Yilong
date: 2018-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7100
sentence: 279
flesch: 52
cache: cache/cord-289248-6mx4o0eb.txt
txt: txt/cord-289248-6mx4o0eb.txt
title:
  Enhancement of safety and immunogenicity of the Chinese Hu191 measles virus vaccine by alteration of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) binding site in the large polymerase protein

summary:
  A full-length cDNA clone of MV strain Hu191, pYES-MV(+), was constructed by a novel methodology using the GeneArt™ High-Order Genetic Assembly System. Despite the high attenuation phenotype, rMV-Hu191-G1788A grew to high titer compared to parental vaccine virus in Vero cells, the WHO approved cell line for vaccine production.


id: cord-288644-ywaefpe8
author: Rodon, Jordi
date: 2020-10-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7597
sentence: 330
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-288644-ywaefpe8.txt
txt: txt/cord-288644-ywaefpe8.txt
title:
  Pre-clinical search of SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and their combinations in approved drugs to tackle COVID-19 pandemic

summary:
  To detect any drugassociated cytotoxic effect, Vero E6 cells were equally cultured in the presence of increasing drug concentrations, but in the absence of virus. A constant concentration of a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (ID EPI_ISL_510689) was mixed with increasing concentrations of hydroxychloroquine and added to Vero E6 cells.


id: cord-283309-ovx5fzsg
author: Yang, Yong-Le
date: 2019-08-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5450
sentence: 180
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-283309-ovx5fzsg.txt
txt: txt/cord-283309-ovx5fzsg.txt
title:
  Characterization of a novel bat-HKU2-like swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV) infection in cultured cells and development of a SeACoV infectious clone

summary:
  Two viral genes, SeACoV N and the nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) acidic domain (Ac) of ORF1a, were expressed as soluble products in the bacteria; the SeACoV spike subunit 1 (S1) was expressed in insect cells, secreting into the cultured medium. The availability of the SeACoV infectious clone and a panel of antibodies against different viral proteins will facilitate further studies on understanding the molecular mechanisms of SeACoV replication and pathogenesis.


id: cord-267613-hsc2x36j
author: Dittmar, Mark
title: Drug repurposing screens reveal FDA approved drugs active against SARS-Cov-2
date: 2020-06-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7574
sentence: 308
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-267613-hsc2x36j.txt
txt: txt/cord-267613-hsc2x36j.txt
summary:
  Remdesivir and hydroxylchloroquine were antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 in Huh7.5 cells with IC50s that were greater than 10-fold lower than those observed in Vero cells (Fig 2b) . However, the majority of the antivirals that were validated in Huh7.5 cells were not active in Vero cells.


id: cord-352511-gkm7i62s
author: Yamada, Yoshiyuki
date: 2009-07-02
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5816
sentence: 229
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-352511-gkm7i62s.txt
txt: txt/cord-352511-gkm7i62s.txt
title:
  Acquisition of Cell–Cell Fusion Activity by Amino Acid Substitutions in Spike Protein Determines the Infectivity of a Coronavirus in Cultured Cells

summary:
  The molecular biology of coronaviruses The biology and pathogenesis of coronavirus Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Murine encephalitis caused by HCoV-OC43, a human coronavirus with broad species specificity, is partly immune-mediated Genetic evolution and tropism of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses Circulation of genetically distinct contemporary human coronavirus OC43 strains Replication and morphogenesis of avian coronavirus in Vero cells and their inhibition by momensin Coronavirus IBV: partial amino terminal sequencing of spike polypeptide S2 identifies the sequence Arg-Arg-Phe-Arg-Arg at the cleavage site of the spike precursor propolypeptide of IBV strains Beaudette and M41 Selection of and recombination between minor variants lead to the adaptation of an avian coronavirus to primate cells Emergence of an avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) mutant with a truncated 3b gene: functional characterization of the 3b gene in pathogenesis and replication Single Amino Acid Mutation in the Spike Protein of Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Hampers Its Maturation and Incorporation into Virions at the Nonpermissive Temperature In vitro assembled, recombinant infectious bronchitis viruses demonstrate that the 5a open reading frame is not essential for replication Induction of p53-independent cell cycle arrest at S-and G 2 /M-phase in cells infected with the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus promotes viral replication Identification of two new polypeptides encoded by mRNA5 of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus An Arginine-to-Proline Mutation in a Domain with Undefined Functions within the Helicase Protein (NSP13) is Lethal to the Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Cultured Cells Amino acid residues critical for RNA-binding in the N-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid protein are essential determinants for the replication and infectivity of coronavirus in cultured cells Further characterization of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 3C-like proteinase and determination of a new cleavage site Membrane association and dimerization of a cysteinerich, 16-kDa polypeptide released from the C-terminal region of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus 1a polyprotein Coronaviruses from pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are genetically closely related to coronaviruses of domestic fowl (infectious bronchitis virus) and turkeys The coronavirus spike protein is a class I virus fusion protein: structural and functional characterization of the fusion core complex Murine coronavirus with an extended host range uses heparan sulfate as an entry receptor Cloning of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) receptor: expression in human and hamster cell lines confers susceptibility to MHV Feline aminopeptidase N serves as a receptor for feline, canine, porcine, and human coronaviruses in serogroup I A 12-amino acid stretch in the hypervariable region of the spike protein S1 subunit is critical for cell fusion activity of mouse hepatitis virus Furthermore, a G405-D point mutation in the S1 domain, which was acquired during further propagation of Vero-adapted IBV in Vero cells, could enhance the cell–cell fusion activity of the protein.


id: cord-345689-5ns1onkw
author: Kusters, Inca C.
date: 2009-01-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6221
sentence: 252
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-345689-5ns1onkw.txt
txt: txt/cord-345689-5ns1onkw.txt
title:
  Manufacturing Vaccines for an Emerging Viral Infection–Specific Issues Associated with the Development of a Prototype SARS Vaccine

summary:
  In particular, SARS vaccine development is hindered by relatively little information about human CoVs in general. Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Protection of chickens after live and inactivated virus vaccination against challenge with nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus PA/Wolgemuth/98 Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Infectious diseases.


id: cord-003284-hjx2d5rq
author: Márquez-Jurado, Silvia
date: 2018-10-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9963
sentence: 325
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-003284-hjx2d5rq.txt
txt: txt/cord-003284-hjx2d5rq.txt
title:
  An Alanine-to-Valine Substitution in the Residue 175 of Zika Virus NS2A Protein Affects Viral RNA Synthesis and Attenuates the Virus In Vivo

summary:
  This DNA-lunched system ensures capping of the viral RNA and allows the recovery of infectious virus from the transfected cDNA clone without the need of an in vitro transcription step. In contrast to mock-transfected cells, increasing amounts of infectious virus were detected in the tissue culture supernatant of cells transfected with the infectious clone, with peak titers around 10 7 PFU/mL on day five ( Figure 2A ).


id: cord-299509-7xjdryoq
author: Scholte, Florine E. M.
date: 2013-08-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9731
sentence: 358
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-299509-7xjdryoq.txt
txt: txt/cord-299509-7xjdryoq.txt
title:
  Characterization of Synthetic Chikungunya Viruses Based on the Consensus Sequence of Recent E1-226V Isolates

summary:
  To examine CHIKV-induced translational shut-off, the synthesis of 35 S-labeled viral and cellular proteins during the course of CHIKV LS3 infection was analyzed by metabolic labeling of infected 293/ACE2 cells with 35 S-Met and 35 S-Cys (Fig. 3C) . CHIKV RNA was isolated from virions using the QIAamp Viral RNA mini kit.


id: cord-316908-8ti75mru
author: Wei, Xiaona
date: 2020-02-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10526
sentence: 439
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-316908-8ti75mru.txt
txt: txt/cord-316908-8ti75mru.txt
title:
  PEDV enters cells through clathrin-, caveolae-, and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis and traffics via the endo-/lysosome pathway

summary:
  Considering that CoVs take advantage of different pathways to enter cells, whether different subtypes of PEDV invade cells by different ways and whether PEDV enter different types of cells through different ways remains to be determined. These differences between GDS01 and GDS09 strains may be due to the difference of S gene especially the S1 region of S gene (homology was about 92%), which is responsible for cell entry and membrane fusion by binding with receptor.


