item: #1 of 1203 id: cord-000012-p56v8wi1 author: Bigot, Yves title: Molecular evidence for the evolution of ichnoviruses from ascoviruses by symbiogenesis date: 2008-09-18 words: 6431 flesch: 40 summary: Since parasitoid wasps are able to vector different viruses [44, 45] , this second scenario opens the exciting possibility that virus genes involved in the ichnovirus biology might correspond to a gene patchwork resulting from transfers from viruses belonging to different NCLDV and non-NCLVD families. Indeed, they match an evolutionary scenario of endosymbiogenesis during which, from a single integration event of symbiotic virus genome, viral genes were lost and/or translocated from the provirus to other chromosomal regions (Fig. 5 ). keywords: ascovirus; dna; dpav4; evolution; genes; genomes; gfiv; host; ichnovirus; origin; particles; proteins; viruses; wasp cache: cord-000012-p56v8wi1.txt plain text: cord-000012-p56v8wi1.txt item: #2 of 1203 id: cord-000050-tfcerilc author: Rao, Srinivas title: Multivalent HA DNA Vaccination Protects against Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens and Mice date: 2008-06-18 words: 5614 flesch: 39 summary: A DNA prime-Mycobacterium bovis BCG boost vaccination strategy for cattle induces protection against bovine tuberculosis Immune response in mice and cattle after immunization with a Boophilus microplus DNA vaccine containing bm86 gene Immunization of pigs to prevent disease in humans: construction and protective efficacy of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live negative-marker vaccine Humoral response to West Nile virus vaccination in alpacas and llamas Preliminary results of an anticircumsporozoite DNA vaccine trial for protection against avian malaria in captive African black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) Recombinant influenza A virus vaccines for the pathogenic human A/Hong Kong/97 (H5N1) viruses Immunization of turkeys with a DNA vaccine expressing either the F or N gene of avian metapneumovirus Protection of turkeys against Chlamydophila psittaci challenge by DNA and rMOMP vaccination and evaluation of the immunomodulating effect of 1 alpha DNA vaccination in the avian Cross-protection among lethal H5N2 influenza viruses induced by DNA vaccine to the hemagglutinin Enhanced protective efficacy of H5 subtype avian influenza DNA vaccine with codon optimized HA gene in a pCAGGS plasmid vector Characterization of H5N1 influenza viruses that continue to circulate in geese in southeastern Control and prevention of avian influenza in an evolving scenario Genesis of pandemic influenza Containing pandemic influenza at the source The next influenza pandemic: can it be predicted viruses and vaccines Scientific barriers to developing vaccines against avian influenza viruses Overview of avian influenza DIVA test strategies Emergence and predominance of an H5N1 influenza variant in China A human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 regulatory element enhances the immunogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA vaccines in mice and nonhuman primates Immunization by avian H5 influenza hemagglutinin mutants with altered receptor binding specificity Protective immunity to lethal challenge of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus by vaccination Crossprotectiveness and immunogenicity of influenza A/Duck/Singapore/3/97(H5) vaccines against infection with A/Vietnam/1203/04(H5N1) virus in ferrets Vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing avian influenza H5 HA induce cross-neutralizing antibodies and long-term protection Efficacy of the AGRO-JET MIT-II NEEDLE-LESS JET INJECTOR for Iron Dextran Administration in Piglets Molecular determinants within the surface proteins involved in the pathogenicity of H5N1 influenza viruses in chickens Are we ready for pandemic influenza? For the two 5 plasmid combination groups pCMV/R 8kB-HA Biological features of genetic immunization DNA vaccines DNA vaccines: immunology, application, and optimization Strategies for inducing protection against avian influenza A virus subtypes with DNA vaccines A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Immunotargeting with CD154 (CD40 ligand) enhances DNA vaccine responses in ducks Development and application of reference antisera against 15 hemagglutinin subtypes of influenza virus by DNA vaccination of chickens Effects of DDA, CpG-ODN, and plasmid-encoded chicken IFN-gamma on protective immunity by a DNA vaccine against IBDV in chickens Principles for vaccine protection in chickens and domestic waterfowl against avian influenza: emphasis on Asian H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza Association of serologic and protective responses of avian influenza vaccines in chickens Effect of plasmid DNA vaccine design and in vivo electroporation on the resulting vaccine-specific immune responses in rhesus macaques Route and method of delivery of DNA vaccine influence immune responses in mice and non-human primates Needle-free injection of DNA vaccines: a brief overview and methodology keywords: animals; avian; chickens; dna; h5n1; immunization; influenza; mice; protection; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-000050-tfcerilc.txt plain text: cord-000050-tfcerilc.txt item: #3 of 1203 id: cord-000113-d0eur1hq author: Fooks, Anthony R. title: Emerging Technologies for the Detection of Rabies Virus: Challenges and Hopes in the 21st Century date: 2009-09-29 words: 6946 flesch: 34 summary: Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services Rabies diagnosis for developing countries The primary application of direct rapid immunohistochemical test to rabies diagnosis in China Evaluation of a direct, rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies diagnosis Simple technique for the collection and shipment of brain specimens for rabies diagnosis Evaluation of a rapid immunodiagnostic test kit for rabies virus Immunochromatographic lateral flow strip tests The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for diagnosis, typing and epidemiological studies Phylogenetic comparison of the genus Lyssavirus using distal coding sequences of the glycoprotein and nucleoprotein genes Identification of regional variants of the rabies virus within the Canadian province of Ontario Polymerase chain reaction protocols for rabies virus discrimination PCR technology for lyssavirus diagnosis Rabies virus detection by RT-PCR in decomposed naturally infected brains Heminested reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction (hnRT-PCR) as a tool for rabies virus detection in stored and decomposed samples Rabies virus in the decomposed brain of an Ethiopian wolf detected by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction An evaluation of immunofluorescence and PCR methods for detection of rabies in archival Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue Usefulness of reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction for detection of rabies RNA in archival samples Molecular diagnosis of animal diseases: some experiences over the past decade PCR technique as an alternative method for diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of rabies virus Molecular methods to distinguish between classical rabies and the rabiesrelated European bat lyssaviruses Experimental infection of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) with Eurasian bat lyssaviruses Aravan, Khujand, and Irkut virus A novel method for real time quantitative RT-PCR Real time quantitative PCR Development of a Real-Time, TaqMan Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection and Differentiation of Lyssavirus Genotypes 1, 5, and 6 Evaluation of a TaqMan PCR assay to detect rabies virus RNA: influence of sequence variation and application to quantification of viral loads Nucleic-acid sequence based amplification in the rapid diagnosis of rabies Integrated microfluidic tmRNA purification and real-time NASBA device for molecular diagnostics Multi-analyte single-membrane biosensor for the serotype-specific detection of Dengue virus Parallel nanoliter detection of cancer markers using polymer microchips Isothermal amplification of rabies virus gene Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA Real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of West Nile virus Rapid detection and quantification of Japanese Encephalitis virus by real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification Novel reverse transcription loopmediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus Rapid and real-time detection of Chikungunya virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay Accelerated reaction by loop-mediated isothermal amplification using loop primers Host switching in Lyssavirus history from the Chiroptera to the Carnivora orders Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens Microarrays for rapid identification of plant viruses Microassay-based detection of viruses causing vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals An ultrasensitive and stable potentiometric immunosensor A novel hepatitis B virus surface antigen immunoassay as sensitive as hepatitis B virus nucleic acid testing in detecting early infection A novel serological assay for the detection of rabies virus neutralising antibodies Development of a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of rabies virus Intravitam diagnosis of human rabies by PCR using saliva and cerebrospinal fluid Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the Lyssavirus genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition Bat lyssaviruses (Aravan and Khujand) from Central Asia: phylogenetic relationships according to N, P and G gene sequences Primary structure of leader RNA and nucleoprotein genes of the rabies genome: segmented homology with VSV Case report: rapid ante-mortem diagnosis of a human case of rabies imported into the UK from the Philippines Expert Consultation on Rabies Longitudinally profiling neutralizing antibody response to SARS coronavirus with pseudotypes A sensitive retroviral pseudotype assay for influenza H5N1-neutralizing antibodies Retroviral pseudotypes Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma Applying the Milwaukee Protocol to treat canine rabies in Equatorial Guinea. In the course of the past three decades, the application of molecular biology has aided in the development of tests that result in a more rapid detection of rabies virus. keywords: amplification; countries; detection; diagnosis; pcr; rabies; rabies virus; rna; samples; techniques; tests; time; use; virus cache: cord-000113-d0eur1hq.txt plain text: cord-000113-d0eur1hq.txt item: #4 of 1203 id: cord-000114-f0vud3gu author: Kim, Jeong‐Ki title: Ducks: The “Trojan Horses” of H5N1 influenza date: 2009-05-31 words: 5417 flesch: 45 summary: The invasion routes of neurovirulent A Hong Kong 483 ⁄ 97 (H5N1) influenza virus into the central nervous system after respiratory infection in mice Enhanced neuropathogenicity of avian influenza A virus by passages through air sac and brain of chicks Wild ducks as long-distance vectors of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5NI) Characterization of low-pathogenic H5 subtype influenza viruses from Eurasia: Implications for the origin of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from Geese in southeastern China: Evidence for genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission to ducks Avian influenza virus (H5N1): a threat to human health Investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in Hong Kong in late H5N1 virus outbreak in migratory waterfowl Properties and dissemination of H5N1 viruses isolated during an influenza outbreak in migratory waterfowl in western China Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: Implications for pandemic control Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses A single amino-acid in the Pb2-gene of influenza-a virus is a determinant of host range Duck migration and past influenza A (H5N1) outbreak areas Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 Spring migration of Northern Pintails from California's Central Valley wintering area tracked with satellite telemetry: routes, timing, and destinations Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) isolated from whooper swans Wet markets -a continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? The length of stay and the aquatic habitat allows the transmission of influenza viruses to and from the domestic duck populations. keywords: birds; ducks; h5n1; hpai; influenza; pathogenic; poultry; species; viruses; wild cache: cord-000114-f0vud3gu.txt plain text: cord-000114-f0vud3gu.txt item: #5 of 1203 id: cord-000180-howix091 author: MacLeod, Iain J. title: Binding of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Virions Leads to the Induction of Intracellular Signalling in the Absence of Virus Entry date: 2010-03-05 words: 6802 flesch: 42 summary: The patterns of accumulation of cellular RNAs in cells infected with a wild-type and a mutant herpes simplex virus 1 lacking the virion host shutoff gene Viral oncoapoptosis of human tumor cells Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and adenovirus protein E1B19kD are functionally equivalent in their ability to inhibit cell death The Bcl2 family: regulators of the cellular life-ordeath switch Innate Cellular Response to Virus Particle Entry Requires IRF3 but Not Virus Replication Identification of a Novel Pathway Essential for the Immediate-Early, Interferon-Independent Antiviral Response to Enveloped Virions Increased expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF-4E and eIF-2 alpha in response to growth induction by c-myc Expression analysis with oligonucleotide microarrays reveals that MYC regulates genes involved in growth, cell cycle, signaling, and adhesion Induction of cyclin E-cdk2 kinase activity, E2F-dependent transcription and cell growth by Myc are genetically separable events Analysis of cyclin-dependent kinase activity after herpes simplex virus type 2 infection Requirement for Cellular Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Herpes Simplex Virus Replication and Transcription E2F Proteins Are Posttranslationally Modified Concomitantly with a Reduction in Nuclear Binding Activity in Cells Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors Evidence from previous studies using soluble HSV-1 glycoprotein and UV-inactivated virus suggested that binding of HSV-1 virions to the cell surface might be sufficient to stimulate intracellular signalling pathways. keywords: binding; cell; entry; expression; herpes; hsv-1; infection; particles; signalling; virions; virus cache: cord-000180-howix091.txt plain text: cord-000180-howix091.txt item: #6 of 1203 id: cord-000238-om92cx5q author: Ogbunugafor, C. Brandon title: On the possible role of robustness in the evolution of infectious diseases date: 2010-06-30 words: 6721 flesch: 34 summary: 24 For brevity we limit our discussion to complementation that occurs during coinfection and its potential role in the evolution of virus robustness. This logic infers that the degree of coinfection-high multiplicity of infection ͑MOI; ratio of viruses to cells͒ versus low MOI-should influence evolution of robustness in virus populations. keywords: bacteria; evolution; host; mutation; phage; populations; resistance; rna; robustness; selection; uvc; virus; viruses cache: cord-000238-om92cx5q.txt plain text: cord-000238-om92cx5q.txt item: #7 of 1203 id: cord-000265-llilwq1u author: Gao, Rongbao title: A Systematic Molecular Pathology Study of a Laboratory Confirmed H5N1 Human Case date: 2010-10-12 words: 4904 flesch: 41 summary: Global public health concerns surrounding H5N1 viruses include not only individual transmission events between infected poultry and individual humans, but also their pandemic potential, should these viruses acquire genetic changes that result in sustained human-to-human transmission. Reactive hemophagocytosis in multiple organs, and occasional detection of viral antigen or viral RNA in extrapulmonary organs suggest a broader tissue distribution of H5N1 viruses compared with seasonal viruses in fatal human cases [21, 22] . keywords: avian; cells; gene; h5n1; human; infection; influenza; load; lung; tissues; virus; viruses cache: cord-000265-llilwq1u.txt plain text: cord-000265-llilwq1u.txt item: #8 of 1203 id: cord-000359-y0m1utug author: Walpita, Pramila title: Vaccine Potential of Nipah Virus-Like Particles date: 2011-04-06 words: 7812 flesch: 41 summary: The coming of age of virus-like particle vaccines Immunodrugs: therapeutic VLP-based vaccines for chronic diseases Ebola virus-like particle-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against lethal Ebola virus challenge Human parainfluenza virus type 1 matrix and nucleoprotein genes transiently expressed in mammalian cells induce the release of virus-like particles containing nucleocapsid-like structures Requirements for the assembly and release of Newcastle disease virus-like particles Requirements for budding of paramyxovirus simian virus 5 virus-like particles Paramyxovirus Sendai virus-like particle formation by expression of multiple viral proteins and acceleration of its release by C protein Identification of the respiratory syncytial virus proteins required for formation and passage of helper-dependent infectious particles Quantitative analysis of Nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein Assembly and biological and immunological properties of Newcastle disease virus-like particles Receptor binding, fusion inhibition, and induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies by a soluble G glycoprotein of Hendra virus Membrane fusion tropism and heterotypic functional activities of the Nipah virus and Hendra virus envelope glycoproteins Paramyxoviridae: the viruses and their replication Correlates of protection induced by vaccination Neutralization of animal virus infectivity by antibody Antibody prophylaxis and therapy against Nipah virus infection in hamsters Efficient selection for high-expression transfectants with a novel eukaryotic vector Cis-acting elements in the antigenomic promoter of Nipah virus Chimeric coronavirus-like particles carrying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) S protein protect mice against challenge with SCoV Cells that express all five proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus from cloned cDNAs support replication, assembly, and budding of defective interfering particles The 59 terminal trailer region of vesicular stomatitis virus contains a position-dependent cis-acting signal for assembly of RNA into infectious particles Structure of the recombinant alphavirus Western equine encephalitis virus revealed by cryoelectron microscopy Reverse genetics of negative-stranded RNA viruses: a global perspective Elucidation of Nipah virus morphogenesis and replication using ultrastructural and molecular approaches Ultrastructure of Hendra virus and Nipah virus within cultured cells and host animals A mature and fusogenic form of Nipah virus F protein requires proteolytic TLRs and innate immunity Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system Combined administration with DNA encoding vesicular stomatitis virus G protein enhances DNA vaccine potency Preliminary analysis of the requirements for fusion from within and fusion from without by Newcastle disease virus Innate cellular response to virus particle entry requires IRF3 but not virus replication Virus-like particle-induced fusion from without in tissue culture cells: role of outer-layer proteins VP4 and VP7 Fusion from without directed by human immunodeficiency virus particles Studies of membrane fusion. The budding capacity of virus proteins as VLPs, the proteinprotein interactions that facilitate this process, and the central role of M protein in VLP assembly and release has been described for several paramyxoviruses such as Sendai virus (SeV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (PIV-5) and human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) keywords: antibody; cells; expression; figure; formation; nipah; niv; particles; proteins; response; surface; vaccine; virus; vlps cache: cord-000359-y0m1utug.txt plain text: cord-000359-y0m1utug.txt item: #9 of 1203 id: cord-000501-qz68gtd4 author: Greatorex, Jane S. title: Survival of Influenza A(H1N1) on Materials Found in Households: Implications for Infection Control date: 2011-11-22 words: 4319 flesch: 41 summary: Parker et al (1944) demonstrated improved survival of influenza viruses in the presence of human mucus [8] ; and in 1962, Buckland demonstrated experimentally that influenza virus was inactivated relatively quickly on glass, probably through desiccation Estimating household and community transmission parameters for influenza Statistical procedures for estimating the community probability of illness in family studies: rhinovirus and influenza Simulation studies of influenza epidemics: assessment of parameter estimation and sensitivity Using data on social contacts to estimate age-specific transmission parameters for respiratory-spread infectious agents Review of aerosol transmission of influenza A virus Transmission of Influenza A in human beings Influenza and related infection control issues Resistance of the Melbourne strain of influenza virus to desiccation Loss of infectivity on drying various viruses Survival of influenza-viruses on environmental surfaces Survival of influenza virus on banknotes Effectiveness of common household cleaning agents in reducing the viability of human influenza A(H1N1) Biophysical characterization of influenza virus subpopulations using field flow fractionation and multiangle light scattering: correlation of particle counts, size distribution and infectivity Genome packaging in influenza A virus Virus shedding and environmental deposition of novel A(H1N1) pandemic influenza virus: interim findings Mutational analysis of cis-acting RNA signals in segment 7 of influenza A virus Interaction of the influenza virus nucleoprotein with the cellular CRM1-mediated nuclear export pathway Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions Enhanced detection of infectious airborne influenza virus The occurrence of influenza A virus on household and day center fomites Respiratory viral RNA on toys in pediatric office waiting rooms Occurrence of bacteria and viruses on elementary classroom surfaces and the potential role of classroom hygiene in the spread of infectious diseases Influenza virus contamination of common household surfaces during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Bangkok, Thailand: implications for contact transmission keywords: data; hours; influenza; pandemic; pr8; surfaces; survival; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-000501-qz68gtd4.txt plain text: cord-000501-qz68gtd4.txt item: #10 of 1203 id: cord-000539-uh3q65we author: Zhang, Yi title: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by a Swine 2009 H1N1 Variant in Mice date: 2012-01-03 words: 4631 flesch: 47 summary: The typical 2009 H1N1 virus, such as A/California/04/2009 (CA/04), can efficiently replicate in mouse lungs without prior host adaptation. Interferon (IFN)-c, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) dramatically increased in mouse lungs on days 6-8 p.i. keywords: ards; day; h1n1; infection; influenza; lung; mice; p.i; sd/09; virus cache: cord-000539-uh3q65we.txt plain text: cord-000539-uh3q65we.txt item: #11 of 1203 id: cord-000708-iuo2cw23 author: Lippé, Roger title: Deciphering Novel Host–Herpesvirus Interactions by Virion Proteomics date: 2012-05-28 words: 5057 flesch: 28 summary: Proteomic analysis of cells in the early stages of herpes simplex virus type-1 infection reveals widespread changes in the host cell proteome Gene ontology: tool for the unification of biology Redistribution of microtubules and Golgi apparatus in herpes simplex virus-infected cells and their role in viral exocytosis Proteome analysis of vaccinia virus IHD-W-infected HEK 293 cells with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-PSD-TOF MS of on solid phase support N-terminally sulfonated peptides Host and viral proteins in the virion of Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus New insights into viral structure and virus-cell interactions through proteomics Identification of proteins associated with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 virions Cellular stress rather than stage of the cell cycle enhances the replication and plating efficiencies of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0-viruses Herpes simplex virus trans-regulatory protein ICP27 stabilizes and binds to 3 ends of labile mRNA Hijacking the translation apparatus by RNA viruses Plunder and stowaways: incorporation of cellular proteins by enveloped viruses A role for the SNARE protein syntaxin 3 in human cytomegalovirus morphogenesis Already, proteomics revealed how viruses modulate the expression of host proteins (Rassmann et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2008; Tong et al., 2008; Antrobus et al., 2009; Pastorino et al., 2009; Thanthrige-Don et al., 2009; Zandi et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009 Zhang et al., , 2010 Coombs et al., 2010; Emmott et al., 2010; Lu et al., 2010 Lu et al., , 2012 Munday et al., 2010; Bartel et al., 2011; Lietzen et al., 2011; Ramirez-Boo et al., 2011; Chou et al., 2012) . keywords: analysis; cell; et al; herpes; herpesviruses; host; infection; particles; proteins; type; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-000708-iuo2cw23.txt plain text: cord-000708-iuo2cw23.txt item: #12 of 1203 id: cord-000729-iq30z094 author: Marsh, Glenn A. title: Cedar Virus: A Novel Henipavirus Isolated from Australian Bats date: 2012-08-02 words: 6124 flesch: 43 summary: A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus Paramyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication Hendra and Nipah viruses: different and dangerous Henipavirus vaccine development Fields Virology Nipah virus infection in bats (order Chiroptera) in peninsular Malaysia Antibodies to Nipah or Nipah-like viruses in bats Evidence of henipavirus infection in West African fruit bats Pteropid Bats are Confirmed as the Reservoir Hosts of Henipaviruses: A Comprehensive Experimental Study of Virus Transmission Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Marburg virus infection detected in a common African bat Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses A previously unknown reovirus of bat origin is associated with an acute respiratory disease in humans Recombinant Nipah virus vaccines protect pigs against challenge Feline model of acute Nipah virus infection and protection with a soluble glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine A recombinant subunit vaccine formulation protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge in cats A recombinant Hendra virus G glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal Hendra virus challenge A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects african green monkeys from hendra virus challenge A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects against lethal disease in a new ferret model of acute Nipah virus infection Neutralization assays for differential henipavirus serology using Bio-Plex Protein Array Systems Ephrin-B2 ligand is a functional receptor for Hendra virus and Nipah virus EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus Two key residues in ephrinB3 are critical for its use as an alternative receptor for Nipah virus Nipah virus: vaccination and passive protection studies in a hamster model Henipavirus RNA in African bats Establishment, immortalisation and characterisation of pteropid bat cell lines Tioman virus, a novel paramyxovirus isolated from fruit bats in malaysia Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian Island flying-foxes A novel approach for collecting samples from fruit bats for isolation of infectious agents Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses Cocirculation of diverse paramyxoviruses in an urban African fruit bat population Two mRNAs that differ by two nontemplated nucleotides encode the amino coterminal proteins P and V of the paramyxovirus SV5 Functional studies of host-specific ephrin-B ligands as Henipavirus receptors Chloroquine administration does not prevent Nipah virus infection and disease in ferrets Experimental hendra virus infectionin pregnant guinea-pigs and fruit Bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) Equine morbillivirus pneumonia: susceptibility of laboratory animals to the virus A golden hamster model for human acute Nipah virus infection Discovery of an ebolavirus-like filovirus in Europe Family Paramyxoviridae Antagonism of innate immunity by paramyxovirus accessory proteins The P gene of human parainfluenza virus type 1 encodes P and C proteins but not a cysteinerich V protein Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors Panmicrobial oligonucleotide array for diagnosis of infectious diseases Improved rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) for mapping both the 59 and 39 terminal sequences of paramyxovirus genomes MEGA4: As a first step towards the understanding of the pathogenicity difference between CedPV and HeV, we examined the IFN responses in human HeLa cells upon virus infection. keywords: bats; cedpv; cell; gene; genome; henipaviruses; hev; infection; nipah; niv; protein; rna; sequence; virus cache: cord-000729-iq30z094.txt plain text: cord-000729-iq30z094.txt item: #13 of 1203 id: cord-000760-4yfohp9w author: Babapoor, Sankhiros title: A Novel Vaccine Using Nanoparticle Platform to Present Immunogenic M2e against Avian Influenza Infection date: 2012-01-12 words: 6091 flesch: 46 summary: Detection of antibodies to the nonstructural protein (NS1) of avian influenza viruses allows distinction between vaccinated and infected chickens The use of vaccination to combat multiple introductions of Notifiable Avian Influenza viruses of the H5 and H7 subtypes between 2000 and 2006 in Italy Avian influenza vaccination in North America: strategies and difficulties Avian influenza vaccines and therapies for poultry Influenza virus M2 integral membrane protein is a homotetramer stabilized by formation of disulfide bonds Genetics of influenza viruses Passively transferred monoclonal antibody to the M2 protein inhibits influenza Most of these vaccines are killed virus vaccines that induce short-lived immunity and are lacking a broad cross-reactive humoral immune response. keywords: avian; challenge; chickens; influenza; lpai; m2e; mono; nanoparticle; peptide; protection; protein; shedding; tetrameric; vaccine; virus cache: cord-000760-4yfohp9w.txt plain text: cord-000760-4yfohp9w.txt item: #14 of 1203 id: cord-000777-7cty5s6o author: Merten, O.-W. title: Virus contaminations of cell cultures – A biotechnological view date: 2002-01-01 words: 14942 flesch: 41 summary: This overview describes the problems and risks associated with viral contaminations in animal cell culture, describes the origins of these contaminations as well as the most important virsuses associated with viral contaminations in cell culture. In this review, the problem of viral contaminations in animal cell culture will be presented with special emphasis on animal cell technology used for the production of biologicals for prophylaxis and therapy. keywords: animal; bovine; bvdv; cell; cell lines; contamination; crl; culture; et al; human; infected; infection; kidney; lines; materials; mouse; origin; production; serum; testing; tests; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-000777-7cty5s6o.txt plain text: cord-000777-7cty5s6o.txt item: #15 of 1203 id: cord-000804-0hlj6r10 author: Brauburger, Kristina title: Forty-Five Years of Marburg Virus Research date: 2012-10-01 words: 14933 flesch: 42 summary: Cell Host Microbe Broad-spectrum inhibition of retroviral and filoviral particle release by tetherin Tetherin-mediated restriction of filovirus budding is antagonized by the Ebola glycoprotein The Ebola virus glycoprotein and HIV-1 Vpu employ different strategies to counteract the antiviral factor tetherin The GP-protein of Marburg virus contains the region similar to the 'immunosuppressive domain' of oncogenic retrovirus P15E proteins Implication of a retrovirus-like glycoprotein peptide in the immunopathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses Ectodomain shedding of the glycoprotein GP of Ebola virus Sorting of Marburg virus surface protein and virus release take place at opposite surfaces of infected polarized epithelial cells Interactions with the host cell Tsg101 is recruited by a late domain of the nucleocapsid protein to support budding of Marburg virus-like particles Phosphorylation of Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 triggers assembly of nucleocapsids with the viral envelope at the plasma membrane Establishment and application of an infectious virus-like particle system for Marburg virus VP40, the matrix protein of Marburg virus, is associated with membranes of the late endosomal compartment Interactions of Marburg virus nucleocapsid proteins The matrix protein of Marburg virus is transported to the plasma membrane along cellular membranes: exploiting the retrograde late endosomal pathway Generation of Marburg virus-like particles by co-expression of glycoprotein and matrix protein Multivesicular bodies as a platform for formation of the Marburg virus envelope Vacuolar protein sorting pathway contributes to the release of Marburg virus Oligomerization and polymerization of the filovirus matrix protein VP40 Interaction of Tsg101 with Marburg virus VP40 depends on the PPPY motif, but not the PT/SAP motif as in Viruses 2012, 4 1917 the case of Ebola virus, and Tsg101 plays a critical role in the budding of Marburg virus-like particles induced by VP40, NP, and GP Regulation of Marburg virus (MARV) budding by Nedd4.1: a different WW domain of Nedd4.1 is critical for binding to MARV and Ebola virus VP40 Conserved motifs within Ebola and Marburg virus VP40 proteins are important for stability, localization, and subsequent budding of virus-like particles Identification of amino acids in Marburg virus VP40 that are important for virus-like particle budding Marburg Virus VP40 Antagonizes Interferon Signaling in a Species-Specific Manner Marburg virus evades interferon responses by a mechanism distinct from ebola virus Global suppression of the host antiviral response by Ebolaand Marburgviruses: increased antagonism of the type I interferon response is associated with enhanced virulence The ebola virus interferon antagonist VP24 directly binds STAT1 and has a novel, pyramidal fold Filoviral immune evasion mechanisms Development and characterization of a mouse model for Marburg hemorrhagic fever Key genomic changes necessary for an in vivo lethal mouse marburgvirus variant selection process VP24 of Marburg virus influences formation of infectious particles Fold prediction of VP24 protein of Ebola and Marburg viruses using de novo fragment assembly Three of the four nucleocapsid proteins of Marburg virus, NP, VP35, and L, are sufficient to mediate replication and transcription of Marburg virus-specific monocistronic minigenomes Ultrastructural organization of recombinant Marburg virus nucleoprotein: comparison with Marburg virus inclusions Morphology of Marburg virus NP-RNA Nucleocapsid formation and RNA synthesis of Marburg virus is dependent on two coiled coil motifs in the nucleoprotein Characterization of filovirus protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells using bimolecular complementation Genus-specific recruitment of filovirus ribonucleoprotein complexes into budding particles The nucleoprotein of Marburg virus is phosphorylated The nucleoprotein of Marburg virus is target for multiple cellular kinases Phosphorylation of Marburg virus NP region II modulates viral RNA synthesis Comparison of the transcription and replication strategies of marburg virus and Ebola virus by using artificial replication systems Homo-oligomerization of Marburgvirus VP35 is essential for its function in replication and transcription Co-and posttranslational modifications and functions of Marburg virus proteins Ebola and Marburg viruses replicate in monocyte-derived dendritic cells without inducing the production of cytokines and full maturation A C-terminal basic amino acid motif of Zaire ebolavirus VP35 is essential for type I interferon antagonism and displays high identity with the RNA-binding domain of another interferon antagonist, the NS1 protein of influenza A virus Phosphorylation of VP30 Impairs Ebola Virus transcription Phosphorylation of Marburg virus VP30 at serines 40 and 42 is critical for its interaction with NP inclusions Ebola virus transcription activator VP30 is a zinc-binding protein Oligomerization of Ebola virus VP30 is essential for viral transcription and can be inhibited by a synthetic peptide Crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Ebola virus VP30 reveals a role in transcription and nucleocapsid association The Ebola Virus VP30 is an RNA Binding Protein The Ebola virus ribonucleoprotein complex: a novel VP30-L interaction identified Ebola Virus VP30-Mediated Transcription Is Regulated by RNA Secondary Structure Formation Role of Ebola virus VP30 in transcription reinitiation Role of VP30 phosphorylation in the Ebola virus replication cycle Rescue of recombinant Marburg virus from cDNA is dependent on nucleocapsid protein VP30 Inhibition of Marburg virus protein expression and viral release by RNA interference Transcription elongation factor of respiratory syncytial virus, a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus Sequence comparison of five polymerases (L proteins) of unsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses: theoretical assignment of functional domains Characterization of the receptor-binding domain of Ebola glycoprotein in viral entry Comprehensive analysis of ebola virus GP1 in viral entry Structural basis for membrane fusion by enveloped viruses Covalent modifications of the ebola virus glycoprotein LSECtin interacts with filovirus glycoproteins and the spike protein of SARS coronavirus The DC-SIGN-related lectin LSECtin mediates antigen capture and pathogen binding by human myeloid cells Lentivirus vectors pseudotyped with filoviral envelope glycoproteins transduce airway epithelia from the apical surface independently of folate receptor alpha Association of the caveola vesicular system with cellular entry by filoviruses Folate receptor alpha and caveolae are not required for Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection Differential requirements for clathrin endocytic pathway components in cellular entry by Ebola and Marburg glycoprotein pseudovirions Analysis of filovirus entry into vero e6 cells, using inhibitors of endocytosis, endosomal acidification, structural integrity, and cathepsin (B and L) activity Ebola virus enters host cells by macropinocytosis and clathrinmediated endocytosis VP24 inhibits transcription and replication of the EBOV genome Ebola virus matrix protein VP40 uses the COPII transport system for its intracellular transport Budding of Marburgvirus is associated with filopodia Electron tomography reveals the steps in filovirus budding Recombinant Marburg virus expressing EGFP allows rapid screening of virus growth and real-time visualization of virus spread Basolateral budding of Marburg virus: VP40 retargets viral glycoprotein GP to the basolateral surface Marburg virus and mononuclear phagocytes: study of interactions) Cellular immune response to Marburg virus infection in cynomolgus macaques Pathogenesis of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques Development of a model for marburgvirus based on severe-combined immunodeficiency mice Ebola virus infection in guinea pigs: Presumable role of granulomatous inflammation in pathogenesis Marburg hemorrhagic fever: report of a case studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy Filovirusinduced endothelial leakage triggered by infected monocytes/macrophages Breakdown of paraendothelial barrier function during Marburg virus infection is associated with early tyrosine phosphorylation of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 Infection and activation of monocytes by Marburg and Ebola viruses Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses keywords: budding; cells; disease; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; entry; fever; figure; filovirus; human; infected; infection; marburg; marburg virus; marv; nucleocapsid; protein; replication; rna; role; transcription; virus; viruses; vp35; vp40 cache: cord-000804-0hlj6r10.txt plain text: cord-000804-0hlj6r10.txt item: #16 of 1203 id: cord-000902-ew8orn0z author: Zhao, Xiangyan title: Coevolution between simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and virus genome size date: 2012-08-30 words: 5836 flesch: 46 summary: An appraisal of the potential for illegitimate recombination in bacterial genomes and its consequences: from duplications to genome reduction Microsatellite is an important component of complete Hepatitis C virus genomes The contribution of slippage-like processes to genome evolution Simple sequences in a 'minimal' genome Simple sequences and the expanding genome DNA repeat arrays in chicken and human genomes and the adaptive evolution of avian genome size The repetitive landscape of the chicken genome DNA sequence organization in avian genomes Genome-wide analysis of microsatellite polymorphism in chicken circumventing the ascertainment bias Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome MGSC genome assembly release 3 Analysis of the largest tandemly repeated DNA families in the human genome Comparative analyses of human single-and multilocus tandem repeats Simple sequence repeats in Escherichia coli: abundance, distribution, composition, and polymorphism The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA Bacteria-phage antagonistic coevolution in soil Coevolution with viruses drives the evolution of bacterial mutation rates Nature and Intensity of Selection Pressure on CRISPR-Associated Genes A bird's-eye view of the C-value enigma: Genome size, cell size, and metabolic rate in the class Aves Cell size and nuclear DNA content in vertebrates Similar distribution of simple sequence repeats in diverse completed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 genomes Microsatellites in different Potyvirus genomes: Survey and analysis Compound microsatellites in complete Escherichia coli genomes Survey of simple sequence repeats in completed fungal genomes Genomic Distribution of Simple Sequence Repeats in Brassica rapa The genome-wide determinants of human and chimpanzee microsatellite evolution Genome-wide analysis of tandem repeats in Daphnia pulex-a comparative approach Coevolution between simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and virus genome size We would like to thank Chuansheng He for the language editing and 3 anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. key: cord-000902-ew8orn0z authors: Zhao, Xiangyan; Tian, Yonglei; Yang, Ronghua; Feng, Haiping; Ouyang, Qingjian; Tian, You; Tan, Zhongyang; Li, Mingfu; Niu, Yile; Jiang, Jianhui; Shen, Guoli; Yu, Ruqin title: Coevolution between simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and virus genome size date: 2012-08-30 journal: BMC Genomics DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-435 sha: doc_id: 902 cord_uid: ew8orn0z BACKGROUND: Relationship between the level of repetitiveness in genomic sequence and genome size has been investigated by making use of complete prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, but relevant studies have been rarely made in virus genomes. keywords: file; genome; genome size; length; repeats; sequence; size; ssrs; virus; viruses cache: cord-000902-ew8orn0z.txt plain text: cord-000902-ew8orn0z.txt item: #17 of 1203 id: cord-000933-nn9gj0z1 author: Krzyzaniak, Magdalena Anna title: Host Cell Entry of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Involves Macropinocytosis Followed by Proteolytic Activation of the F Protein date: 2013-04-11 words: 10362 flesch: 50 summary: Thus, we concluded that infectious RSV cell entry and endocytosis were associated with activation of EGFR and its downstream signaling partners including PI3K and PKC. It is noteworthy that iressa was only inhibitory when present during the first hour of virus cell contact confirming that its effect was entry-specific (data not shown). keywords: 37uc; 4uc; anti; cells; endocytosis; entry; facs; fig; fusion; gfp; hela; infection; min; moi; protein; rab5; rsv; virus cache: cord-000933-nn9gj0z1.txt plain text: cord-000933-nn9gj0z1.txt item: #18 of 1203 id: cord-000937-8vk89i4h author: Law, John title: Identification of Hepatotropic Viruses from Plasma Using Deep Sequencing: A Next Generation Diagnostic Tool date: 2013-04-17 words: 6656 flesch: 45 summary: To a lesser extent (about one read per million), we also detected sequences resembling RNA viruses in our DNA libraries (Supplemental Tables S15-S28 ). This may represent alignment inaccuracies or stretches of unknown DNA viruses that resemble RNA viruses. keywords: dna; ends; figure; hepatitis; libraries; library; patients; plasma; read; rna; samples; sequences; target; viral; viruses cache: cord-000937-8vk89i4h.txt plain text: cord-000937-8vk89i4h.txt item: #19 of 1203 id: cord-001065-j4hvyyoi author: Boncristiani, Humberto F. title: In Vitro Infection of Pupae with Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus Suggests Disturbance of Transcriptional Homeostasis in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) date: 2013-09-05 words: 6377 flesch: 40 summary: The high concentration of IAPV over other honey bee viruses in these purifications allowed us to strongly dilute the inoculum, decreasing the chances of cross inoculation with another virus. Attempts to isolate pure IAPV directly from naturally infected adult bees were unsuccessful due to co-infection of the bees with other honey bee viruses. keywords: bee; bees; colonies; colony; expression; gene; honey; iapv; infection; pbs; pupae; replication; time; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-001065-j4hvyyoi.txt plain text: cord-001065-j4hvyyoi.txt item: #20 of 1203 id: cord-001120-fxd533b4 author: Everitt, Aaron R. title: Defining the Range of Pathogens Susceptible to Ifitm3 Restriction Using a Knockout Mouse Model date: 2013-11-21 words: 4881 flesch: 40 summary: In wild type mice, the expression pattern of Ifitm3 was noteworthy. The ~50% survival of wild type mice falls within acceptable boundaries owing to inherent inefficiencies in the delivery of parasites into the mice [28] . keywords: cell; days; figure; ifitm3; infection; influenza; mice; mouse; restriction; role; rsv; type; virus cache: cord-001120-fxd533b4.txt plain text: cord-001120-fxd533b4.txt item: #21 of 1203 id: cord-001142-puj74k7y author: Crescenzo-Chaigne, Bernadette title: The Panhandle Formed by Influenza A and C Virus NS Non-Coding Regions Determines NS Segment Expression date: 2013-11-21 words: 3360 flesch: 48 summary: Our results thus provide useful information to improve our understanding of influenza A virus biology. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses Orthomyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication Mutations in the nonconserved noncoding sequences of the influenza A virus segments affect viral vRNA formation Non coding extremities of the seven influenza virus type C vRNA segments: effect on transcription and replication by the type C and type A polymerase complexes Molecular studies of influenza B virus in the reverse genetics era The 3' and 5'-terminal sequences of influenza A, B and C virus RNA segments are highly conserved and show partial inverted complementarity 5' and 3' terminal nucleotide sequences of the RNA genome segments of influenza virus Segment-specific and common nucleotide sequences in the noncoding regions of influenza B virus genome RNAs Orthomyxovirus replication, transcription, and polyadenylation Differential effect of nucleotide substitutions in the 3' arm of the influenza A virus vRNA promoter on transcription/replication by avian and human polymerase complexes is related to the nature of PB2 amino acid 627 The influenza virus panhandle is involved in the initiation of transcription Characterization of the RNA-fork model of virion RNA in the initiation of transcription in influenza A virus Genomic RNAs of influenza viruses are held in a circular conformation in virions and in infected cells by a terminal panhandle Structure of influenza virus panhandle RNA studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling Nucleotides at the extremities of the viral RNA of influenza C virus are involved in typespecific interactions with the polymerase complex Mutational analysis of the influenza virus cRNA promoter and identification of nucleotides critical for replication Promoter elements in the influenza vRNA terminal structure A hairpin loop at the 5' end of influenza A virus virion RNA is required for synthesis of poly(A)+ mRNA in vitro Rescue of influenza A virus from recombinant Generation of influenza A viruses entirely from cloned cDNAs Rescue of influenza C virus from recombinant A molecular mechanism of complement resistance of human melanoma cells Specific residues of the influenza A virus hemagglutinin viral RNA are important for efficient packaging into budding virions Development of a quantitative assay for SARS coronavirus and correlation of GAPDH mRNA with SARS coronavirus in clinical specimens Naked RNA immunization with replicons derived from poliovirus and Semliki Forest virus genomes for the generation of a cytotoxic T cell response against the influenza A virus nucleoprotein Incorporation of influenza A virus genome segments does not absolutely require wild-type sequences For the 3' and 5' ends, respectively, the conserved parts are 12 and 13 nt for type A, 12 and 11nt for type B and 11 and 12 nt for type C influenza viruses [6] [7] [8] . keywords: cells; influenza; panhandle; rna; segment; type; viruses cache: cord-001142-puj74k7y.txt plain text: cord-001142-puj74k7y.txt item: #22 of 1203 id: cord-001207-yjaiybwf author: Sachsenröder, Jana title: The General Composition of the Faecal Virome of Pigs Depends on Age, but Not on Feeding with a Probiotic Bacterium date: 2014-02-19 words: 5923 flesch: 45 summary: Most obvious are age-related differences in the proportion between pig viruses and bacteriophages as well as an increasing diversification of virus species by age. The percentage of detected mammalian virus sequences was highest (55–77%) in the samples of the youngest piglets and lowest (8–10%) in the samples of the sows. keywords: bacteriophages; faecal; faecium; group; piglets; probiotic; reads; samples; sequences; species; virome; viruses cache: cord-001207-yjaiybwf.txt plain text: cord-001207-yjaiybwf.txt item: #23 of 1203 id: cord-001397-nrq4ncdf author: Mlera, Luwanika title: The role of viral persistence in flavivirus biology date: 2014-05-12 words: 15612 flesch: 33 summary: (Appler et al., 2010; Pierson & Diamond, 2012) : WNV RNA persisted in a pantropic manner in 12% of infected mice for up to 6 months. In this study, infectious virus was recovered in the skin, and viral RNA was identified in the skin, as well as the spinal cord and brain (Appler et al., 2010) . keywords: animals; antibodies; cells; dengue; encephalitis; encephalitis virus; et al; flavivirus; host; ifn; infected; infection; jev; mice; mosquitoes; nile; nile virus; ns1; ns3; ns5; persistence; protein; replication; rna; role; study; tbev; tick; transmission; virus; virus infection; west; wnv cache: cord-001397-nrq4ncdf.txt plain text: cord-001397-nrq4ncdf.txt item: #24 of 1203 id: cord-001420-b4zcvd04 author: Crescenzo-Chaigne, Bernadette title: Chimeric NP Non Coding Regions between Type A and C Influenza Viruses Reveal Their Role in Translation Regulation date: 2014-09-30 words: 6277 flesch: 49 summary: A virus nucleoprotein required for viral polymerase binding and RNA synthesis Interaction of the influenza a virus nucleocapsid protein with the viral RNA polymerase potentiates unprimed viral RNA replication Isolation of a novel swine influenza virus from Oklahoma in 2011 which is distantly related to human influenza C viruses Clinical features of influenza C virus infection in children Influenza C virus uses 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid as a high affinity receptor determinant for attachment to cells Comparison of the three large polymerase proteins of influenza A, B, and C viruses Comparative analysis of the ability of the polymerase complexes of influenza viruses type A, B and C to assemble into functional RNPs that allow expression and replication of heterotypic model RNA templates in vivo A plasmid-based reverse genetics system for influenza A virus A molecular mechanism of complement resistance of human melanoma cells Genetic analysis of animal viruses. For the 39 and 59 ends, respectively, the conserved sequences are 12 and 13 nt for type A and 11 and 12 nt for type C influenza viruses [3, 4, 5] . keywords: end; genetics; influenza; panhandle; rna; segment; type; type c; virus; viruses cache: cord-001420-b4zcvd04.txt plain text: cord-001420-b4zcvd04.txt item: #25 of 1203 id: cord-001521-l36f1gp7 author: None title: Oral and Poster Manuscripts date: 2011-04-08 words: 183853 flesch: 46 summary: The concept that swine are a mixing-vessel for the reassortment of influenza viruses and for the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses has been re-enforced by the emergence of the recent pandemic. This study was supported by Contract HHSN266200700005C from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Pigs have been considered as hypothetical 'mixing vessels' facilitating the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses. keywords: age; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antiviral; assay; associated; avian; b viruses; b ⁄; balb ⁄; binding; c virus; c ⁄; cases; cells; challenge; children; control; cross; culture; data; days; detection; disease; dk ⁄; dose; effect; ferrets; figure; following; gene; group; h1n1 influenza; h1n1 pandemic; h1n1 virus; h5n1 infection; h5n1 viruses; h9n2; health; high; hong; hours; human h1n1; human influenza; humans; immunity; infected; infections; influenza antigenic; influenza c; influenza epidemic; influenza infection; influenza influenza; influenza neuraminidase; influenza outbreaks; influenza pandemic; influenza patients; influenza research; influenza samples; influenza season; influenza strains; influenza surveillance; influenza transmission; influenza vaccination; influenza vaccine; influenza virus; isolates; kong ⁄; laboratory; laiv; lg ⁄; like; low; lung; mallard ⁄; mdck; method; mg ⁄; mice; model; mutation; nasal; new; non; novel; number; observed; origin influenza; oseltamivir; patients; pcr; period; pigs; population; positive; post; potential; potsdam ⁄; protection; protein; public; rate; research; resistance; respiratory; response; results; risk; rna; samples; school; seasonal; sensitivity; sequence; serum; severe; specific; specimens; studies; study; subjects; subtype influenza; sw ⁄; swine influenza; swine viruses; system; t ⁄; table; test; time; treatment; type virus; vaccines; values; virus gene; virus infection; virus isolation; virus ns1; virus replication; virus strains; virus titers; virus transmission; virus vaccine; virus ⁄; viruses; wave; years; ⁄ brisbane; ⁄ california; ⁄ genoa; ⁄ h1n1; ⁄ h3n2; ⁄ h5n1; ⁄ hk; ⁄ hok; ⁄ lee; ⁄ leningrad; ⁄ ml; ⁄ netherlands; ⁄ ns1; ⁄ panama; ⁄ pr8; ⁄ vietnam cache: cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt plain text: cord-001521-l36f1gp7.txt item: #26 of 1203 id: cord-001528-33f94doo author: Fouchier, Ron A. M. title: Studies on Influenza Virus Transmission between Ferrets: the Public Health Risks Revisited date: 2015-01-23 words: 3526 flesch: 25 summary: key: cord-001528-33f94doo authors: Fouchier, Ron A. M. title: Studies on Influenza Virus Transmission between Ferrets: the Public Health Risks Revisited date: 2015-01-23 journal: mBio DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02560-14 sha: doc_id: 1528 cord_uid: 33f94doo nan L ipsitch and Inglesby recently estimated the potential public health risks associated with research on influenza virus transmission via respiratory droplets or aerosols between ferrets, leading them to conclude that such research is too risky to be conducted (1) . As a consequence, a more balanced debate about the research on influenza virus transmission via respiratory droplets or aerosols between ferrets is warranted, in particular given the substantial public health benefits assigned to this type of research (5, 6) . keywords: influenza; laboratory; probability; research; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-001528-33f94doo.txt plain text: cord-001528-33f94doo.txt item: #27 of 1203 id: cord-001542-f089bs8r author: Lai, Kang Yiu title: Human Ebola virus infection in West Africa: a review of available therapeutic agents that target different steps of the life cycle of Ebola virus date: 2014-11-28 words: 11294 flesch: 36 summary: implications for vaccines and therapies Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate models: possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily Ebola virus selectively inhibits responses to interferons, but not to interleukin-1beta, in endothelial cells Inflammatory responses in Ebola virus-infected patients Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Infection and activation of monocytes by Marburg and Ebola viruses Monocyte-derived human macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with ebola virus secrete MIP-1alpha and TNF-alpha and inhibit poly-ICinduced IFN-alpha in vitro Markedly elevated levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with fatal Ebola virus infection Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in primate models: evidence that hemorrhage is not a direct effect of virus-induced cytolysis of endothelial cells Ebola virus glycoprotein toxicity is mediated by a dynamin-dependent protein-trafficking pathway Filovirus-induced endothelial leakage triggered by infected monocytes/ macrophages Ebola virus glycoproteins induce global surface protein down-modulation and loss of cell adherence Requirements for cell rounding and surface protein down-regulation by Ebola virus glycoprotein Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/ macrophages is a key event Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 and other inhibitors targeting blood coagulation factor VIIa/tissue factor Immunopathology of highly virulent pathogens: insights from Ebola virus Ebola haemorrhagic fever Pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fever Pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection Molecular Basis for Ebola Virus VP35 Suppression of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation Ebola virus: the role of macrophages and dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever The role of antigen-presenting cells in filoviral hemorrhagic fever: gaps in current knowledge Human fatal zaire ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis Mechanisms and consequences of ebolavirus-induced lymphocyte apoptosis Ebola virus does not block apoptotic signaling pathways Characterization of host immune responses in Ebola virus infections Filoviruses and the balance of innate, adaptive, and inflammatory responses Functional CD8+ T cell responses in lethal Ebola virus infection CD8-mediated protection against Ebola virus infection is perforin dependent Induction of humoral and CD8+ T cell responses are required for protection against lethal Ebola virus infection Induction of immune responses in mice and monkeys to Ebola virus after immunization with liposome-encapsulated irradiated Ebola virus: protection in mice requires CD4(+) T cells Cutting edge: impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by Ebola and Lassa viruses Correlates of immunity to filovirus infection The Multiple Roles of sGP in Ebola Pathogenesis Ebolavirus glycoprotein GP masks both its own epitopes and the presence of cellular surface proteins Steric shielding of surface epitopes and impaired immune recognition induced by the ebola virus glycoprotein Influences of glycosylation on antigenicity, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of ebola virus GP DNA vaccines Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications Infectivity-enhancing antibodies to Ebola virus glycoprotein Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection Epitopes required for antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection Ebola virus can be effectively neutralized by antibody produced in natural human infection Structural basis for differential neutralization of ebolaviruses. Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola viral disease Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment World Health Organization: potential Ebola therapies and vaccines Clinical features and pathobiology of Ebolavirus infection Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease Delta-peptide is the carboxyterminal cleavage fragment of the nonstructural small glycoprotein sGP of Ebola virus The glycoproteins of Marburg and Ebola virus and their potential roles in pathogenesis Release of viral glycoproteins during Ebola virus infection The secret life of viral entry glycoproteins: moonlighting in immune evasion The pathogenesis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Role of Ebola virus secreted glycoproteins and virus-like particles in activation of human macrophages Identification of the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury Shed GP of Ebola Virus Triggers Immune Activation and Increased Vascular Permeability Ebola virus glycoprotein counteracts BST-2/Tetherin restriction in a sequence-independent manner that does not require tetherin surface removal Anti-tetherin activities of HIV-1 Vpu and Ebola virus glycoprotein do not involve removal of tetherin from lipid rafts Ebolavirus Replication and Tetherin/BST-2 The nonstructural small glycoprotein sGP of Ebola virus is secreted as an antiparallel-orientated homodimer Antigenic subversion: a novel mechanism of host immune evasion by Ebola virus A novel mechanism of immune evasion mediated by Ebola virus soluble glycoprotein Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane Ebola virus glycoproteins Ebola virus secretory glycoprotein (sGP) diminishes Fc gamma RIIIB-to-CR3 proximity on neutrophils Effects of Ebola virus glycoproteins on endothelial cell activation and barrier function Ebola virus glycoprotein GP is not cytotoxic when expressed constitutively at a moderate level Ebolavirus delta-peptide immunoadhesins inhibit marburgvirus and ebolavirus cell entry A new Ebola virus nonstructural glycoprotein expressed through RNA editing Ebola virus enters host cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis The Ebola virus glycoprotein mediates entry via a non-classical dynamindependent keywords: amiodarone; antibodies; antibody; cell; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; ebov infection; entry; glycoprotein; gp1,2; host; human; infection; interferon; proteins; replication; rna; therapy; treatment; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-001542-f089bs8r.txt plain text: cord-001542-f089bs8r.txt item: #28 of 1203 id: cord-001616-9sc2xmqr author: Erdem, Hakan title: New global viral threats date: 2015 words: 3089 flesch: 52 summary: The effect of various disinfectants on detection of avian influenza virus by real time RT-PCR Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Comparative epidemiology of human infections with avian influenza A H7N9 and H5N1 viruses in China: a populationbased study of laboratory-confirmed cases Indigenous sources of 2007-2008 H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks in Thailand ) 49 Complications of H7N9 virus infection include respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, refractory hypoxemia, septic shock, acute renal dysfunction, multiple organ dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, bacterial and fungal infections like ventilator associated pneumonia, and blood stream infection with multidrug resistant bacteria. keywords: avian; ebola; h7n9; human; infection; influenza; virus; viruses cache: cord-001616-9sc2xmqr.txt plain text: cord-001616-9sc2xmqr.txt item: #29 of 1203 id: cord-001676-68y733y3 author: Shoemaker, Jason E. title: An Ultrasensitive Mechanism Regulates Influenza Virus-Induced Inflammation date: 2015-06-05 words: 10392 flesch: 40 summary: Surprisingly, when we plotted the N1 SDE for each isolate against the corresponding virus titer, we observed a consistent profile for all three viruses; regardless of intrinsic virulence, the fold change in N1 gene expression remained initially low and rapidly increased only after a virus titer of approximately~10 8 PFU/g (of lung) was reached (Fig 4A) . Following activation, N1 gene expression increased as a function of virus concentration at the same apparent rate for all infection conditions, and more complicated dynamics were observed only during the later phase of the infection when virus clearance was observed (i.e., when the virus titers began to decrease). keywords: associated; data; eigengene; expression; fig; gene; gene expression; h5n1; infection; inflammatory; influenza; mice; model; module; pfu; response; time; virus cache: cord-001676-68y733y3.txt plain text: cord-001676-68y733y3.txt item: #30 of 1203 id: cord-001748-7e8px4vx author: Nobach, Daniel title: Shedding of Infectious Borna Disease Virus-1 in Living Bicolored White-Toothed Shrews date: 2015-08-27 words: 4889 flesch: 42 summary: For the investigation of long lasting virus shedding BoDV-1 infected animals were sampled again after at least more than 250 days in the husbandry. Whether naturally BoDV-1 infected shrews also display subtle deficits in learning, memory and/or social behavior, especially mating, needs to be addressed in further behavioral and breeding experiments. keywords: animals; bodv-1; borna; disease; infection; reservoir; shedding; shrews; time; transmission; virus cache: cord-001748-7e8px4vx.txt plain text: cord-001748-7e8px4vx.txt item: #31 of 1203 id: cord-001831-3aonqyub author: Royle, Jamie title: Emerging Roles of Viroporins Encoded by DNA Viruses: Novel Targets for Antivirals? date: 2015-10-16 words: 6398 flesch: 39 summary: Given that E5 proteins from the other high-risk HPV types are predicted to adopt a similar three TMD topology, it will be of interest to determine whether viroporin function is conserved amongst this group of viruses. The viroporin activity of the minor structural proteins VP2 and VP3 is required for SV40 propagation The SV40 late protein VP4 is a viroporin that forms pores to disrupt membranes for viral release A very late viral protein triggers the lytic release of SV40 SV40 late protein VP4 forms toroidal pores to disrupt membranes for viral release The Simian virus 40 late viral protein VP4 disrupts the nuclear envelope for viral release Classification of papillomaviruses (PVs) based on 189 PV types and proposal of taxonomic amendments The natural history of cervical HPV infection: Unresolved issues Human papillomavirus oncoproteins: Pathways to transformation Human papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein: Function and potential target for antiviral therapeutics Koilocytosis: A cooperative interaction between the human papillomavirus E5 and E6 oncoproteins Bap31 is a novel target of the human papillomavirus E5 protein Karyopherin beta3: keywords: activity; agnoprotein; channel; function; human; membrane; proteins; small; sv40; viroporin; virus; viruses cache: cord-001831-3aonqyub.txt plain text: cord-001831-3aonqyub.txt item: #32 of 1203 id: cord-001834-6xf4o3oy author: Sung, Pil Soo title: Interferon Response in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: Lessons from Cell Culture Systems of HCV Infection date: 2015-10-07 words: 4046 flesch: 38 summary: In vitro tissue culture systems and therapeutic targets Hepatitis C virus envelope components alter localization of hepatocyte tight junction-associated proteins and promote occludin retention in the endoplasmic reticulum Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in primary cultures of human adult hepatocytes HepG2 cells mount an effective antiviral interferon-lambda based innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection Hepatitis C virus infection induces the beta interferon signaling pathway in immortalized human hepatocytes Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a growth and induction of autophagy Hepatitis C virus infection impairs IRF-7 translocation and Alpha interferon synthesis in immortalized human hepatocytes Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes support complete replication of hepatitis C virus Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells Productive hepatitis C virus infection of stem cell-derived hepatocytes reveals a critical transition to viral permissiveness during differentiation MicroRNA-27a modulates HCV infection in differentiated hepatocyte-like cells from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells MDA5 plays a critical role in interferon response during hepatitis C virus infection Control of temporal activation of hepatitis C virus-induced interferon response by domain 2 of nonstructural protein 5A Regulation of hepatic innate immunity by hepatitis C virus Immune responses to HCV and other hepatitis viruses EFTUD2 is a novel innate immune regulator restricting hepatitis C virus infection through the RIG-I/MDA5 pathway Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Cleavage of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis C correlates with a reduced activation of the endogenous interferon system Inhibition of intrahepatic gamma interferon production by hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A in transgenic mice Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-lambda and interferon-stimulated genes in primary liver cultures IL-29 is the dominant type III interferon produced by hepatocytes during acute hepatitis C virus infection HCV infection induces a unique hepatic innate immune response associated with robust production of type III interferons Interferons at age 50: Past, current and future impact on biomedicine IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex IL28B inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through the JAK-STAT pathway Interleukin-29 uses a type 1 interferon-like program to promote antiviral responses in human hepatocytes Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis C virus infection Stealth and cunning: hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses Interferon-induced gene expression is a stronger predictor of treatment response than IL28B genotype in patients with hepatitis C Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C Simultaneous detection of hepatitis C virus and interferon stimulated gene expression in infected human liver Hepatitis C virus blocks interferon effector function by inducing protein kinase R phosphorylation Hepatitis C virus attenuates interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex class I expression and decreases CD8+ T cell effector functions IFNβ-dependent increases in STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 mediate resistance to viruses and DNA damage Unphosphorylated STAT1 prolongs the expression of interferon-induced immune regulatory genes Roles of unphosphorylated ISGF3 in HCV infection and interferon responsiveness Hepatic gene expression discriminates responders and nonresponders in treatment of chronic hepatitis C viral infection Cell-type specific gene expression signature in liver underlies response to interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C infection Hepatic gene expression during treatment with peginterferon and ribavirin: Identifying molecular pathways for treatment response Hepatic ISG expression is associated with genetic variation in interleukin 28B and the outcome of IFN therapy for chronic hepatitis C Protein ISGylation modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway Silencing of USP18 potentiates the antiviral activity of interferon against hepatitis C virus infection interferon induces long-lasting refractoriness of JAK-STAT signaling in the mouse liver through induction of USP18/UBP43 Interferon-β and interferon-λ signaling is not affected by interferon-induced refractoriness to interferon-α in vivo A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus IFN-λ4: After the discovery of JFH-1-based HCVcc system, other HCV cell culture systems with various genotypes were established. keywords: cells; expression; hcv; hepatitis; ifn; infection; interferon; virus cache: cord-001834-6xf4o3oy.txt plain text: cord-001834-6xf4o3oy.txt item: #33 of 1203 id: cord-001958-2gt3fwpy author: Meseda, Clement A. title: Percutaneous Vaccination as an Effective Method of Delivery of MVA and MVA-Vectored Vaccines date: 2016-02-19 words: 8186 flesch: 35 summary: In the work described here, we demonstrate in mouse models that percutaneous inoculation of MVA elicited protective immune responses against lethal intranasal challenge with the Western Reserve (WR) strain of vaccinia virus, and at low doses of MVA, lower morbidity was recorded in mice that were vaccinated via the percutaneous route than in those immunized via the intramuscular or subcutaneous routes. Similar to studies investigating MVA as a smallpox vaccine, preclinical and clinical evaluation of MVA-vectored vaccines in development has relied predominantly on the use of intramuscular, intradermal or subcutaneous routes of MVA delivery. keywords: ankara; groups; influenza; mice; mva; pfu; responses; skin; smallpox; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; virus cache: cord-001958-2gt3fwpy.txt plain text: cord-001958-2gt3fwpy.txt item: #34 of 1203 id: cord-001974-wjf3c7a7 author: Friis-Nielsen, Jens title: Identification of Known and Novel Recurrent Viral Sequences in Data from Multiple Patients and Multiple Cancers date: 2016-02-19 words: 5776 flesch: 43 summary: Sequence clusters that have been described in detail throughout the manuscript have been included as supplementary files. A grouping based on taxonomy, or a more data-driven approach that cluster sequence groups based on the associated datasets as seen in Figure 2 , could be included as another iteration to properly strengthen the statistical associations. keywords: associations; cancer; clustering; clusters; contigs; data; features; human; parameters; samples; sequences; sequencing; species; table; virus cache: cord-001974-wjf3c7a7.txt plain text: cord-001974-wjf3c7a7.txt item: #35 of 1203 id: cord-001985-iwfidoer author: Urayama, Syun-ichi title: FLDS: A Comprehensive dsRNA Sequencing Method for Intracellular RNA Virus Surveillance date: 2016-02-13 words: 5024 flesch: 40 summary: This novel dsRNA targeting metagenomic method is characterized by an extremely high recovery rate of viral RNA sequences, the retrieval of terminal sequences, and uniform read coverage, which has not previously been reported in other metagenomic methods targeting RNA viruses. Microbes Environ DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me15171 sha: doc_id: 1985 cord_uid: iwfidoer Knowledge of the distribution and diversity of RNA viruses is still limited in spite of their possible environmental and epidemiological impacts because RNA virus-specific metagenomic methods have not yet been developed. keywords: cdna; contigs; diatom; dsrna; flds; genome; method; reads; rna; sequences; terminal; total; viral; viruses cache: cord-001985-iwfidoer.txt plain text: cord-001985-iwfidoer.txt item: #36 of 1203 id: cord-002072-qbh728ec author: Bi, Yuhai title: A new reassortment of influenza A (H7N9) virus causing human infection in Beijing, 2014 date: 2016-05-27 words: 3105 flesch: 42 summary: Viruses Sequential Reassortments Underlie Diverse Influenza H7N9 Genotypes in China Dissemination, divergence and establishment of H7N9 influenza viruses in China Detection of mild to moderate influenza A suspected case of H7N9 influenza virus infection was confirmed by a real-time RT-PCR assay in the Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). keywords: avian; cytokine; h7n9; human; infection; influenza; virus; viruses cache: cord-002072-qbh728ec.txt plain text: cord-002072-qbh728ec.txt item: #37 of 1203 id: cord-002076-7t4d4vvo author: Li, Yongfeng title: Applications of Replicating-Competent Reporter-Expressing Viruses in Diagnostic and Molecular Virology date: 2016-05-06 words: 5001 flesch: 31 summary: Interestingly, reporter viruses in combination with other approaches, such as RNAi, have been applied to screen anti-CSFV ISGs [15] , which is time-and cost-effective. Interestingly, the Cre recombinase as a reporter is used to generate RCREVs for visualizing virus infection in engineered cell lines or transgenic animals harboring a loxP-flanked fluorescent marker upstream of another otherwise silenced fluorescent reporter keywords: cells; expression; fluorescent; gene; influenza; protein; rcrevs; replication; reporter; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-002076-7t4d4vvo.txt plain text: cord-002076-7t4d4vvo.txt item: #38 of 1203 id: cord-002136-mkl89qkt author: Nunes, Sandro F. title: An ex vivo swine tracheal organ culture for the study of influenza infection date: 2009-12-09 words: 4726 flesch: 39 summary: In this study, we developed a swine tracheal EVOC system for the study of influenza virus infection. The pathogenesis of influenza in humans Infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza A virus H5N1 avian influenza virus induces apoptotic cell death in mammalian airway epithelial cells Ciliostasis is a key early event during colonization of canine tracheal tissue by Bordetella bronchiseptica Adherence of Bordetella bronchiseptica 276 to porcine trachea maintained in organ culture A human respiratory-tissue organ culture incorporating an air interface Development of rhinovirus study model using organ culture of turbinate mucosa Tracheal organ cultures as a useful tool to study Felid herpesvirus 1 infection in respiratory epithelium Quantification of mRNA encoding cytokines and chemokines and assessment of ciliary function in canine tracheal epithelium during infection with canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) Interaction of pneumolysin-sufficient and -deficient isogenic variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae with human respiratory mucosa Interaction of Bordetella periitussis with human respiratory mucosa in vitro Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with human respiratory mucosa in vitro In vitro culture of porcine respiratory nasal mucosa explants for studying the interaction of porcine viruses with the respiratory tract In vitro culture of equine respiratory mucosa explants Critical assessment of an in vitro bovine respiratory organ culture system: a model of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection Mutation of the maturase lipoprotein attenuates the virulence of Streptococcus equi to a greater extent than does loss of general lipoprotein lipidation The use of human nasal in vitro cell systems during drug discovery and development The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique New low-viscosity overlay medium for viral plaque assays Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes Localization of swine influenza virus in naturally infected pigs Influenza type A in humans, mammals and birds: determinants of virus virulence, host-range and interspecies transmission Realities and enigmas of human viral influenza: pathogenesis, epidemiology and control Cultures of equine respiratory epithelial cells and organ explants as tools for the study of equine influenza virus infection Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack Defense mechanisms against influenza virus infection in the respiratory tract mucosa Effective mucus clearance is essential for respiratory health Efficient mucociliary transport relies on efficient regulation of ciliary beating keywords: cells; culture; explants; infection; influenza; organ; study; swine; tracheal; virus; viruses cache: cord-002136-mkl89qkt.txt plain text: cord-002136-mkl89qkt.txt item: #39 of 1203 id: cord-002274-6rddtogo author: James, Joe title: Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein prolongs viral shedding in chickens lengthening the transmission window date: 2016-10-13 words: 6739 flesch: 45 summary: Avian influenza viruses rely on close mixing of infected and susceptible species and/or the sharing of common contaminated areas, such as water sources, for effective transmission of the virus either through aerosol or fomite ingestion (Breban et al., 2009; Brown et al., 2007; Hinshaw et al., 1979) . In summary, we conclude that the IAV accessory protein PB1-F2 enhances pathogenicity and transmission of avian influenza viruses in avian hosts. keywords: avian; birds; chickens; et al; influenza; length; pb1; protein; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-002274-6rddtogo.txt plain text: cord-002274-6rddtogo.txt item: #40 of 1203 id: cord-002327-tocqabgu author: de Vries, Rory D. title: Viral vector-based influenza vaccines date: 2016-07-25 words: 12504 flesch: 27 summary: Vaccination with MVA expressing the HA gene of influenza virus A/Vietnam/1194/04 (clade 1) completely protected mice and chickens from infection with the homologous virus and also offered mice protection against infection with influenza viruses A/HK/156/97 (clade 0) and A/Indonesia/5/05 (clade 2.1). Several different vaccine formulations are available: trivalent or quadrivalent inactivated virus vaccines (TIV or QIV, either whole virus, split virus or subunit vaccines) or live attenuated influenza virus vaccines (LAIV). keywords: avian; challenge; gene; h5n1; immunity; infection; influenza; mice; mva; protection; recombinant; vaccination; vaccine; vector; virus; viruses cache: cord-002327-tocqabgu.txt plain text: cord-002327-tocqabgu.txt item: #41 of 1203 id: cord-002337-8v907g24 author: Lipsitch, Marc title: Viral factors in influenza pandemic risk assessment date: 2016-11-11 words: 18969 flesch: 27 summary: The impact of virus binding and release on transmission fitness using influenza as an example Identification of Stabilizing Mutations in an H5 Hemagglutinin Influenza Virus Protein Economic (ir)rationality in risk analysis Avian influenza shedding patterns in waterfowl: implications for surveillance, environmental transmission, and disease spread Introduction of virulence markers in PB2 of pandemic swine-origin influenza virus does not result in enhanced virulence or transmission Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets Modelling the species jump: towards assessing the risk of human infection from novel avian influenzas Water-bone transmission of influenza A viruses Fluorescence method for measuring the kinetics of fusion between biological membranes Fluorescence assays to monitor fusion of enveloped viruses Assessing the in vitro fitness of an oseltamivir-resistant seasonal A/ H1N1 influenza strain using a mathematical model Surveillance of wild birds for avian influenza virus The function of the neuraminidase in membrane fusion induced by myxoviruses Serological comparison of antibodies to avian influenza viruses, subtypes H5N2, H6N1, H7N3 and H7N9 between poultry workers and non-poultry workers in Taiwan in 2012 Determination of influenza virus proteins required for genome replication Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets Receptor specificity of influenza A viruses correlates with the agglutination of erythrocytes from different animal species The PB2-E627K mutation attenuates viruses containing the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic polymerase Decoding the distribution of glycan receptors for humanadapted influenza a viruses in ferret respiratory tract Outbreak of variant influenza A (H3N2) virus in the United States Glycomic characterization of respiratory tract tissues of ferrets: implications for its use in influenza virus infection studies Emergence of the virulenceassociated PB2 E627K substitution in a fatal human case of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A (H7N7) infection as determined by Illumina ultradeep sequencing Mutational landscape and significance across 12 major cancer types Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) Ferrets infected with human influenza viruses often exhibit transient weight loss, transient fever, and sneezing, whereas infection with selected HPAI viruses in this species can lead to pronounced weight loss, sustained fever, lethargy, dyspnea, and neurological complications (Belser et al., 2009 ). keywords: acid; activation; adaptation; avian; binding; et al; ferrets; h5n1; hemagglutinin; host; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; isolates; mammalian; mutations; pandemic; polymerase; protein; receptor; risk; specificity; strain; studies; traits; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-002337-8v907g24.txt plain text: cord-002337-8v907g24.txt item: #42 of 1203 id: cord-002338-ri7v2ka3 author: Anderson, Tavis K. title: A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses date: 2016-12-14 words: 5847 flesch: 33 summary: The epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs Dual infections of feeder pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus followed by porcine respiratory coronavirus or swine influenza virus: a clinical and virological study Interaction between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and swine influenza virus Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swineorigin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans Reverse zoonosis of influenza to swine: new perspectives on the human-animal interface Long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza Filtration experiments and etiology The emergence of novel swine influenza viruses in North America Genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses in American pigs Genetic characterization of H1N2 influenza A viruses isolated from pigs throughout the United States The global antigenic diversity of swine influenza A viruses Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swineorigin H1N1 influenza A epidemic Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China Antigenic drift in swine influenza H3 haemagglutinins with implications for vaccination policy Genetic reassortment between avian and human influenza A viruses in Italian pigs Disease outbreaks in pigs in Great Britain due to an influenza A virus of H1N2 subtype Genetic and antigenic characterization of H1 influenza viruses from United States swine from Characterization of a newly emerged genetic cluster of H1N1 and H1N2 swine influenza virus in the United States Influenza A viruses of human origin in swine Characterization of co-circulating swine influenza A viruses in North America and the identification of a novel H1 genetic clade with antigenic significance Population dynamics of cocirculating swine influenza A viruses in the United States from Molecular epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses circulating within European swine between 2009 and 2013 Persistence of Hong Kong influenza virus variants in pigs Co-circulation of avian H9N2 and human H3N2 viruses in pigs in southern China Toward a unified nomenclature system for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) keywords: clade; data; human; influenza; lineage; order; sequences; swine; viruses cache: cord-002338-ri7v2ka3.txt plain text: cord-002338-ri7v2ka3.txt item: #43 of 1203 id: cord-002407-25cawzi0 author: Nogales, Aitor title: Reverse Genetics Approaches for the Development of Influenza Vaccines date: 2016-12-22 words: 11138 flesch: 36 summary: A virus hemagglutinin viral RNA are important for efficient packaging into budding virions Experimental approaches to study genome packaging of influenza A viruses Plasmid-only rescue of influenza A virus vaccine candidates Live attenuated influenza viruses containing NS1 truncations as vaccine candidates against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza Attenuated influenza virus vaccines with modified NS1 proteins Efficacy of intranasal administration of a truncated NS1 modified live influenza virus vaccine in swine Attenuation of equine influenza viruses through truncations of the NS1 protein Attenuation and immunogenicity in mice of temperature-sensitive influenza viruses expressing truncated NS1 proteins Immunogenicity and protection efficacy of replication-deficient influenza A viruses with altered NS1 genes Vaccination of pigs against swine influenza viruses by using an NS1-truncated modified live-virus vaccine Mutations in the NS1 protein of swine influenza virus impair anti-interferon activity and confer attenuation in pigs Characterization of influenza virus variants with different sizes of the non-structural (NS) genes and their potential as a live influenza vaccine in poultry Development of a dual-protective live-attenuated vaccine against H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses by modifying the NS1 gene Canine influenza viruses with modified NS1 proteins for the development of live-attenuated vaccines Functional genomic and serological analysis of the protective immune response resulting from vaccination of macaques with an NS1-truncated influenza virus NS1-truncated live-attenuated virus vaccine provides robust protection to aged mice from viral challenge Influenza B virus NS1-truncated mutants: Live-attenuated vaccine approach Influenza A and B viruses expressing altered NS1 proteins: A vaccine approach Development of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines based on codon deoptimization Live attenuated influenza virus vaccines by computer-aided rational design Deliberate reduction of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase expression of influenza virus leads to an ultraprotective live vaccine in mice A replication-incompetent virus possessing an uncleavable hemagglutinin as an influenza vaccine Pseudotyped influenza A virus as a vaccine for the induction of heterotypic immunity Characterization of a neuraminidase-deficient influenza A virus as a potential gene delivery vector and a live vaccine A novel bivalent vaccine based on a PB2-knockout influenza virus protects mice from pandemic H1N1 and highly pathogenic H5N1 virus challenges A replication-incompetent PB2-knockout influenza A virus vaccine vector Induction of CD8 T cell heterologous protection by a single dose of single-cycle infectious influenza virus An eight-segment swine influenza virus harboring H1 and H3 hemagglutinins is attenuated and protective against H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes in pigs A recombinant influenza virus vaccine expressing the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus To date, three types of influenza virus vaccines are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use: recombinant viral HA, inactivated virus and live-attenuated viruses [65] [66] keywords: cells; eggs; figure; genetics; genome; iav; ibv; influenza; influenza virus; live; production; proteins; replication; strains; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-002407-25cawzi0.txt plain text: cord-002407-25cawzi0.txt item: #44 of 1203 id: cord-002410-2zi5iv2t author: Bruening, Janina title: The Role of Type III Interferons in Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Therapy date: 2017-02-01 words: 6703 flesch: 37 summary: The structure of human interferon lambda and what it has taught us Transcriptional regulation by STAT1 and STAT2 in the interferon JAK-STAT pathway Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors Interferon lambdas: the next cytokine storm The stability of the ternary interferon-receptor complex rather than the affinity to the individual subunits dictates differential biological activities Dynamic expression profiling of type I and type III interferonstimulated hepatocytes reveals a stable hierarchy of gene expression Differential effects of type I and II interferons on myeloid cells and resistance to intracellular bacterial infections Interferonstimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses New regulators of NF-B in inflammation Combined action of type I and type III interferon restricts initial replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the lung but fails to inhibit systemic virus spread SOCS proteins, cytokine signalling and immune regulation USP18-based negative feedback control is induced by type I and type III interferons and specifically inactivates interferon response Human interferon-3 is a potent member of the type III interferon family Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource The ins and outs of hepatitis C virus entry and assembly Hepatitis C virus RNA replication and assembly: living on the fat of the land Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews The impact of hepatitis C virus entry on viral tropism The CD81 partner EWI-2wint inhibits hepatitis C virus entry Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with chronic hepatitis C infection Recent advances in understanding hepatitis C Emerging therapies for the treatment of hepatitis C Regulating intracellular antiviral defense and permissiveness to hepatitis C virus RNA replication through a cellular RNA helicase, RIG-I HepG2 cells mount an effective antiviral interferon-lambda based innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection Hepatitis C virus replicative doublestranded RNA is a potent interferon inducer that triggers interferon production through MDA5 MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates to activate and propagate antiviral innate immune response Class A scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) restricts hepatitis C virus replication by mediating toll-like receptor 3 recognition of viral RNAs produced in neighboring cells The autophagy machinery is required to initiate hepatitis C virus replication IKKE and TBKI are essential components of the IRF3 signalling pathway Identification and characterization of MAVS, a mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein that activates NF-B and IRF3 Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease Hepatitis C virus protease NS3/4A cleaves mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein off the mitochondria to evade innate immunity Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus NS3-4A inhibits the peroxisomal MAVS-dependent antiviral signalling response Immune evasion by hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease-mediated cleavage of the Toll-like receptor 3 adaptor protein TRIF Hepacivirus NS3/4A proteases interfere with MAVS signaling in both their cognate animal hosts and humans: implications for zoonotic transmission Type III interferons, IL-28 and IL-29, are increased in chronic HCV infection and induce myeloid dendritic cell-mediated FoxP3+ regulatory T cells HCV infection induces a unique hepatic innate immune response associated with robust production of type III interferons IFN-receptor 1 expression is induced in chronic hepatitis C and correlates with the IFN-3 genotype and with nonresponsiveness to IFNtherapies Reduced IFN 4 activity is associated with improved HCV clearance and reduced expression of interferon-stimulated genes IL-29 is the dominant type III interferon produced by hepatocytes during acute hepatitis C virus infection Completion of the entire hepatitis C virus life cycle in genetically humanized mice Control of hepatitis C virus replication in mouse liver-derived cells by MAVS-dependent production of type I and type III interferons Hepatitis C virus infects rhesus macaque hepatocytes and simianized mice Hepatic cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of pigtail macaques support hepatitis C virus infection Identification of rodent homologs of hepatitis C virus and pegiviruses Evidence for novel hepaciviruses in rodents Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-and interferon-stimulated genes in primary liver cultures Interferon lambda alleles predict innate antiviral immune responses and hepatitis C virus permissiveness Interferon lambda 4 expression is suppressed by the host during viral infection Expression of interferon lambda 4 is associated with reduced proliferation and increased cell death in human hepatic cells Living in the liver: hepatic infections Interferons and inhibit hepatitis c virus replication with distinct signal transduction and gene regulation kinetics Lambda interferon inhibits hepatitis B and C virus replication Transcriptome analysis reveals a classical interferon signature induced by IFN 4 in human primary cells Engrafted human stem cell-derived hepatocytes establish an infectious HCV murine model Productive hepatitis C virus infection of stem cell-derived hepatocytes reveals a critical transition to viral permissiveness during differentiation Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells New methods in tissue engineering: improved models for viral infection 25 years of interferon-based treatment of chronic hepatitis C: an epoch coming to an end Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure: A Genome-Wide Association Study Genome-wide association study of spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C virus infection: data from multiple cohorts Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferonand ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C IL28B expression depends on a novel TT/-G polymorphism which improves HCV clearance prediction IL28B polymorphisms predict response to therapy among chronic hepatitis C patients with HCV genotype 4 The favorable IFNL3 genotype escapes mRNA decay mediated by AU-rich elements and hepatitis C virus-induced microRNAs Interferon signaling and treatment outcome in chronic hepatitis C Liver gene expression signature to predict response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C Hepatic gene expression discriminates responders and nonresponders in treatment of chronic hepatitis C viral infection IL28B in the era of direct-acting antivirals for hepatitis C Faldaprevir and deleobuvir for HCV genotype 1 infection IFNL4-Î�G genotype is associated with slower viral clearance in Hepatitis C, genotype-1 patients treated with sofosbuvir and ribavirin Association of the IFNL4-Î�G allele with impaired spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus Gene-disease association with human IFNL locus polymorphisms extends beyond hepatitis C virus infections Kinetic differences in the induction of interferon stimulated genes by interferon-and interleukin 28B are altered by infection with hepatitis C virus Phase 1b study of pegylated interferon lambda 1 with or without ribavirin in patients with chronic genotype 1 hepatitis C virus infection A randomized phase 2b study of peginterferon lambda-1a for the treatment of chronic HCV infection Peginterferon lambda-1a/ribavirin with daclatasvir or peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin with telaprevir for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b A randomized study of peginterferon lambda-1a compared to peginterferon Alfa-2a in combination with Ribavirin and telaprevir in patients with genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C Design and evaluation of novel interferon lambda analogs with enhanced antiviral activity and improved drug attributes Bringing the hepatitis C virus to life Antiviral activities of different interferon types and subtypes against Hepatitis E virus replication Among the three classes of IFNs, type III IFNs, also called IFN lambdas (IFNLs), are an essential component of the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus (HCV). keywords: antiviral; cells; expression; hcv; hepatitis; human; ifnl; infection; interferon; liver; receptor; response; treatment; type; virus cache: cord-002410-2zi5iv2t.txt plain text: cord-002410-2zi5iv2t.txt item: #45 of 1203 id: cord-002423-1u44tdrj author: Geoghegan, Jemma L. title: Comparative analysis estimates the relative frequencies of co-divergence and cross-species transmission within viral families date: 2017-02-08 words: 6186 flesch: 40 summary: Specifically, using a normalized tree topology distance metric based on the Penny and Hendy distance metric that enables comparisons between pairs of virus and host trees with different numbers of tips [14] , which we now term the 'nPH85' distance (where n = normalized), we compare phylogenies of virus families and their hosts. If related viruses have an evolutionary history of co-divergence with their hosts there should be evidence of topological similarities between the virus and host phylogenetic trees, whereas host jumping generates incongruent tree topologies. keywords: data; divergence; families; host; species; transmission; trees; virus; viruses cache: cord-002423-1u44tdrj.txt plain text: cord-002423-1u44tdrj.txt item: #46 of 1203 id: cord-002482-2t09zqqi author: Miras, Manuel title: Non-canonical Translation in Plant RNA Viruses date: 2017-04-06 words: 13910 flesch: 33 summary: frameshifting mediated by a viral sequence in plant cells Aphid transmission of beet western yellows luteovirus requires the minor capsid read-through protein P74 Local and distant sequences are required for efficient readthrough of the barley yellow dwarf virus PAV coat protein gene stop codon Mechanism of cytoplasmic mRNA translation Single amino acid changes in the 6K1-CI region can promote the alternative adaptation of Prunus-and Nicotiana-propagated Plum pox virus C isolates to either host Cap-independent enhancement of translation by a plant potyvirus 5 ′ nontranslated region Blocking eIF4E-eIF4G interaction as a strategy to impair coronavirus replication A minimal RNA promoter for minusstrand RNA synthesis by the brome mosaic virus polymerase complex Long-distance kissing loop interactions between a 3 ′ proximal Y-shaped structure and apical loops of 5 ′ hairpins enhance translation of Saguaro cactus virus Aphid transmission and systemic plant infection determinants of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus-PAV are contained in the coat protein readthrough domain and 17-kDa protein In vitro and in vivo studies of the RNA conformational switch in Alfalfa mosaic virus Genome-wide RNAi screen reveals a specific sensitivity of IREScontaining RNA viruses to host translation inhibition tRNA elements mediate the assembly of an icosahedral RNA virus Norovirus translation requires an interaction between the C Terminus of the genome-linked viral protein VPg and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G Multifaceted regulation of translational readthrough by RNA replication elements in a tombusvirus Initiation of translation in bacteria by a structured eukaryotic IRES RNA A loop 2 cytidine-stem 1 minor groove interaction as a positive determinant for pseudoknot-stimulated-1 ribosomal frameshifting tRNA-mRNA mimicry drives translation initiation from a viral IRES The 3 ′ untranslated region of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA stimulates translation in vitro The chimeric nature of the genome of pea enation mosaic virus: the independent replication of RNA 2 IRES-driven translation is stimulated separately by the FMDV 3 ′ -NCR and poly (A) sequences The elongation, termination, and recycling phases of translation in eukaryotes Control of start codon choice on a plant viral RNA encoding overlapping genes Cap-independent translation of maize Hsp101 Mechanisms and implications of programmed translational frameshifting An internal ribosome entry site located upstream of the cruciferinfecting tobamovirus coat protein (CP) gene can be used for CP synthesis in vivo Polypurine (A)-rich sequences promote crosskingdom conservation of internal ribosome entry Role of tRNA-like structures in controlling plant virus replication Transfer RNA mimicry among tymoviral genomic RNAs ranges from highly efficient to vestigial Regulation of translation initiation under biotic and abiotic stresses Metal ions and flexibility in a viral RNA pseudoknot at atomic resolution Potyviral VPg enhances viral RNA translation and inhibits reporter mRNA translation in planta Specific requirement for translation initiation factor 4E or its isoform drives plant host susceptibility to Tobacco etch virus 5 ′ -3 ′ RNA-RNA interaction facilitates Cap-and poly(A) tail-independent translation of tomato bushy stunt virus mRNA: a potential common mechanism for Tombusviridae Analysis of a 3 ′ -translation enhancer in a tombusvirus: a dynamic model for RNA-RNA interactions of mRNA termini Untranslated regions of diverse plant viral RNAs vary greatly in translation enhancement efficiency An internal ribosome entry site directs translation of the 3 ′ -Gene from pelargonium flower break virus genomic RNA: implications for infectivity Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Non-canonical translation in RNA viruses Stimulation of stop codon readthrough: frequent presence of an extended 3 ′ RNA structural element A translational enhancer derived from tobacco mosaic virus is functionally equivalent to a Shine-Dalgarno sequence Protein-protein interactions required during translation Eukaryotic initiation factor eIFiso4G1 and eIFiso4G2 are isoforms exhibiting distinct functional differences in supporting translation in Arabidopsis eIF4G functionally differs from eIFiso4G in promoting internal initiation, cap-independent translation, and translation of structured mRNAs Functional analysis of the tobacco mosaic virus tRNA-like structure in cytoplasmic gene regulation The 5 ′ -leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA enhances the expression of foreign gene transcripts in vitro and in vivo The tobacco etch viral 5 ′ leader and poly (A) tail are functionally synergistic regulators of translation RNA pseudoknot domain of tobacco mosaic virus can functionally substitute for a poly (A) tail in plant and animal cells The kl-TSS translational enhancer of PEMV can bind simultaneously to ribosomes and a 5 ′ proximal hairpin The 3 ′ untranslated region of Pea enation mosaic virus contains two Tshaped, ribosome-binding, cap-independent translation enhancers A ribosome-binding, 3 ′ translational enhancer has a T-shaped structure and engages in a long-distance RNA-RNA interaction Multiple Cis-acting elements modulate programmed-1 ribosomal frameshifting in Pea enation mosaic virus The potyvirus recessive resistance gene, sbm1, identifies a novel role for translation initiation factor eIF4E in cell-to-cell trafficking A novel interaction of cap-binding protein complexes eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4F and eIF(iso)4F with a region in the 3 ′ -untranslated region of satellite tobacco necrosis virus Frameshifting RNA pseudoknots: structure and mechanism The genome-linked protein VPg of vertebrate viruses-a multifaceted protein Calicivirus translation initiation requires an interaction between VPg and eIF 4 E Multiple portions of poly (A)-binding protein stimulate translation in vivo Recognition of eIF4G by rotavirus NSP3 reveals a basis for mRNA circularization The structures of eIF4E-eIF4G complexes reveal an extended interface to regulate translation initiation Base-pairing between untranslated regions facilitates translation of uncapped, nonpolyadenylated viral RNA Cofolding organizes Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and coat protein for replication Ribosomal protein P0 promotes Potato virus A infection and functions in viral translation together with VPg and eIF (iso) 4E Formation of Potato virus A-induced RNA granules and viral translation are interrelated processes required for optimal virus accumulation Direct interaction between the rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) VPg and the central domain of the rice eIF(iso)4G1 factor correlates with rice susceptibility and RYMV virulence On the origin of the cap-dependent initiation of translation in eukaryotes Translation of the second gene of peanut clump virus RNA 2 occurs by leaky scanning in vitro Functional analysis of individual binding activities of the scaffold protein eIF4G Sapovirus translation requires an interaction between VPg and the cap binding protein eIF4E Hsp90 interacts specifically with viral RNA and differentially regulates replication initiation of Bamboo mosaic virus and associated satellite RNA Solution structure of the porcine sapovirus VPg core reveals a stable three-helical bundle with a conserved surface patch Poly(A)-binding protein facilitates translation of an uncapped/nonpolyadenylated viral rna by binding to the 3 ′ untranslated region An unusual internal ribosomal entry site of inverted symmetry directs expression of a potato leafroll polerovirus replication-associated protein The genome-linked protein VPg of plant viruses-a protein with many partners Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) and eIF2 can promote mRNA binding to 40S subunits independently of eIF4G in yeast Context sequences of translation initiation codon in plants Structure of ratcheted ribosomes with tRNAs in hybrid states (2015) showed that viral HC-Pro and the host RNA binding protein varicose, both components of potyviral RNA granules, stimulated VPg-promoted translation of PVA. All of the above mechanisms involve the VPg stimulating RNA translation in trans, leaving open the question of how the VPg specifically recognizes only the viral RNA. keywords: -utr; base; binding; cap; codon; eif4e; elements; end; et al; family; genus; initiation; interaction; ires; loop; mosaic; mrna; plant; protein; ribosomal; ribosome; rna; sequence; structure; translation; virus; viruses; vpg cache: cord-002482-2t09zqqi.txt plain text: cord-002482-2t09zqqi.txt item: #47 of 1203 id: cord-002581-r7mskri0 author: Magnani, Diogo M. title: A human inferred germline antibody binds to an immunodominant epitope and neutralizes Zika virus date: 2017-06-12 words: 5299 flesch: 50 summary: Ultrasound Zika Virus Infection and Stillbirths: A Case of Hydrops Fetalis, Hydranencephaly and Fetal Demise Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly-Brazil Interim Guidelines for the Evaluation and Testing of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection-United States Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak-United States Human antibody responses after dengue virus infection are highly cross-reactive to Zika virus A new class of highly potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from viremic patients infected with dengue virus Molecular determinants of human neutralizing antibodies isolated from a patient infected with Zika virus Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies from single human B cells by single cell RT-PCR and expression vector cloning IgBLAST: an immunoglobulin variable domain sequence analysis tool IMGT/V-QUEST: Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus of the Flaviviridae family and is related to dengue virus (DENV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and west Nile virus (WNV) keywords: binding; cell; denv; germline; human; infection; mabs; p1f12; patient; responses; samples; virus; zika; zikv cache: cord-002581-r7mskri0.txt plain text: cord-002581-r7mskri0.txt item: #48 of 1203 id: cord-002601-d8908t93 author: Arellano-Llamas, Rocío title: Molecular features of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 prevalent in Mexico during winter seasons 2012-2014 date: 2017-07-10 words: 3380 flesch: 47 summary: Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the whole viral genome are necessary to determine the antigenic and pathogenic characteristics of influenza viruses that cause severe outcomes of the disease. Mutations V344M and I354L of PB2 and N321K of PA, I397M, I435T of PB1, S498N of NP, N44S, V241L, N369K of NA V80I of M1, L90I of NS1 and S185T, S203T, E374K and S451N of HA appeared together during the evolution of influenza virus in Mexico. keywords: genome; group; influenza; mexico; pandemic; pb2; samples; sequences; substitutions; virus cache: cord-002601-d8908t93.txt plain text: cord-002601-d8908t93.txt item: #49 of 1203 id: cord-002728-6oyw5sqv author: Carding, S. R. title: Review article: the human intestinal virome in health and disease date: 2017-09-04 words: 4364 flesch: 26 summary: With respect to antibiotic-resistance genes, their presence may have been over-estimated in human viromes 11, 20, 27, 31, 35, 37 as these entities are thought to be rarely encoded in phages. pneumoniae-bacteriophage combination from the caecal effluent of a healthy woman Phage tail-like particles kill Clostridium difficile and represent an alternative to conventional antibiotics Three new Escherichia coli phages from the human gut show promising potential for phage therapy Lytic bacteriophage PM16 specific for Proteus mirabilis: a novel member of the genus Phikmvvirus Full genome virus detection in fecal samples using sensitive nucleic acid preparation, deep sequencing, and a novel iterative sequence classification algorithm Direct sequencing of human gut virome fractions obtained by flow cytometry Comparing viral metagenomics methods using a highly multiplexed human viral pathogens reagent PHACCS, an online tool for estimating the structure and diversity of uncultured viral communities using metagenomic information ACLAME: a CLAssification of Mobile genetic Elements, update 2010 Metavir: a web server dedicated to virome analysis Metavir 2: new tools for viral metagenome comparison and assembled virome analysis VIROME: a standard operating procedure for analysis of viral metagenome sequences Molecular methods of virus detection in lymphoma VirSorter: mining viral signal from microbial genomic data ViromeScan: a new tool for metagenomic viral community profiling VIP: an integrated pipeline for metagenomics of virus identification and discovery keywords: disease; gut; host; human; microbiome; patients; phages; samples; sequencing; virome; viruses; vlps cache: cord-002728-6oyw5sqv.txt plain text: cord-002728-6oyw5sqv.txt item: #50 of 1203 id: cord-002757-upwe0cpj author: Sullivan, Kathleen E. title: Emerging Infections and Pertinent Infections Related to Travel for Patients with Primary Immunodeficiencies date: 2017-08-07 words: 24227 flesch: 37 summary: Importantly, after a novel PIDD has been described, subsequent reports often reveal a wider variation in associated infections and cellular findings, often without clear genotype-phenotype correlations [320] [321] Human infection, called Cat Scratch Disease, is assumed to involve inoculation of Bartonella-infected flea feces into the skin during a cat scratch. keywords: associated; azole; bartonella; cases; cause; cell; children; chronic; clinical; cns; countries; days; deficiency; dengue; diagnosis; disease; epidemiology; fever; hiv; human; immune; immunodeficiency; immunoglobulin; individuals; infection; influenza; mandrillaris; patients; pcr; pidd; primary; resistance; review; risk; skin; species; susceptibility; symptoms; syndrome; therapy; tick; transmission; treatment; vaccination; vaccine; virus cache: cord-002757-upwe0cpj.txt plain text: cord-002757-upwe0cpj.txt item: #51 of 1203 id: cord-002874-9rxv6fy9 author: Welch, David title: Far-UVC light: A new tool to control the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases date: 2018-02-09 words: 3284 flesch: 38 summary: A virus (H1N1) carried by aerosols in a benchtop aerosol UV irradiation chamber, which generated aerosol droplets of sizes similar to those generated by human coughing and breathing. A key advantage of the UVC based approach, which is in clear contrast to vaccination approaches, is that UVC light is likely to be effective against all airborne microbes. keywords: air; chamber; germicidal; inactivation; irradiation; light; uvc; virus cache: cord-002874-9rxv6fy9.txt plain text: cord-002874-9rxv6fy9.txt item: #52 of 1203 id: cord-002921-i5jxn1vj author: Morens, David M title: Pandemic Zika: A Formidable Challenge to Medicine and Public Health date: 2017-12-15 words: 1979 flesch: 35 summary: August Hirschwald The perpetual challenge of infectious diseases Zika Virus in the Americas-Yet Another Arbovirus Threat History and emergence of Zika virus Epidemiology of Zika virus infection Quantifying Zika: advancing the epidemiology of Zika with quantitative models Modes of transmission of Zika virus Zika virus mosquito vectors: competence, biology and vector control Zika virus evolution and spread in the Americas Diagnosis of Zika virus infections: challenges and opportunities A Zika virus from America is more efficiently transmitted than an Asian virus by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Evolutionary enhancement of Zika virus infectivity in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes Meeting the challenge of epidemic chikungunya Zika virus structure, maturation and receptors Neurological implications of Zika virus in the adult population Enhancement of Zika virus pathogenesis by preexisting antiflavivirus immunity Antibody-dependent enhancement of infection and the pathogenesis of viral disease Zika virus pathogenesis in rhesus macaques is unaffected by pre-existing immunity to dengue virus Humoral immune responses against ZIKV infection and the importance of pre-existing flavivirus immunity Small animal models of Zika virus Non-Human primate models of Zika virus infection, immunity and therapeutic development Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy: maternal, fetal and neonatal considerations Pathogenesis of other congenital viral infections Small molecules and antibodies for Zika therapy Zika virus vaccine development Zika vaccines: role for controlled human infection Clinical development strategies and considerations for Zika vaccine licensure All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Understanding the pathogenesis and natural history of Zika virus infection has been facilitated by decades of research with flaviviruses keywords: immunity; infection; pandemic; vector; virus; zika cache: cord-002921-i5jxn1vj.txt plain text: cord-002921-i5jxn1vj.txt item: #53 of 1203 id: cord-002932-5e7xrd1y author: Watanabe, Tokiko title: Experimental infection of Cynomolgus Macaques with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus through the aerosol route date: 2018-03-19 words: 4501 flesch: 36 summary: key: cord-002932-5e7xrd1y authors: Watanabe, Tokiko; Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko; Kiso, Maki; Nakajima, Noriko; Takahashi, Kenta; Jose da Silva Lopes, Tiago; Ito, Mutsumi; Fukuyama, Satoshi; Hasegawa, Hideki; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro title: Experimental infection of Cynomolgus Macaques with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus through the aerosol route date: 2018-03-19 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23022-0 sha: doc_id: 2932 cord_uid: 5e7xrd1y Several animal models are used to study influenza viruses. Intranasal inoculation of animals with a liquid inoculum is one of the main methods used to experimentally infect animals with influenza virus; however, this method does not reflect the natural infection with influenza virus by contact or aerosol route. keywords: aerosol; animals; group; h5n1; infection; influenza; method; virus cache: cord-002932-5e7xrd1y.txt plain text: cord-002932-5e7xrd1y.txt item: #54 of 1203 id: cord-002933-zmx4k46v author: Stabell, Alex C title: Dengue viruses cleave STING in humans but not in nonhuman primates, their presumed natural reservoir date: 2018-03-20 words: 9289 flesch: 45 summary: Thus, a paradox exists in understanding why human dengue viruses are so difficult to model in nonhuman primates. The protease of human dengue virus, DENV2, cleaves only human STING To begin, we cloned STING from chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Genbank XM_016953921), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta, Genbank MF622060), and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus, Genbank MF622061). keywords: cells; chimpanzee; cleavage; cleave; dengue; dengue viruses; et al; figure; host; human; infection; interferon; monkey; ns2b3; protease; protein; species; sting; virus; viruses cache: cord-002933-zmx4k46v.txt plain text: cord-002933-zmx4k46v.txt item: #55 of 1203 id: cord-002937-7xauocti author: Huang, Chung-Guei title: A pilot study on primary cultures of human respiratory tract epithelial cells to predict patients’ responses to H7N9 infection date: 2018-02-20 words: 6274 flesch: 43 summary: Compared with H7N9 virus infections, young age (≤ 29 years) and female sex were identified as risk factors for severe H1N1pdm infection [15] . In the present study, our objectives were to discover whether viral replication and cytokine responses of NHBE cells from two donors of different ages are distinct after H7N9 and H1N1pdm virus infection, and to validate whether these changes are different after H7N9 virus infection using primary epithelial cells from the respiratory tracts of 27 donors with various patient-related characteristics. keywords: cells; cytokine; epithelial; h7n9; human; infection; influenza; levels; p.i; patients; rna; viral; virus cache: cord-002937-7xauocti.txt plain text: cord-002937-7xauocti.txt item: #56 of 1203 id: cord-003004-iif2lnez author: Linster, Martin title: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Viruses 1–4 in Children from Viet Nam date: 2018-05-01 words: 4123 flesch: 43 summary: Parainfluenza viruses Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses Parainfluenza virus infection of young children: estimates of the population-based burden of hospitalization Parainfluenza virus type 3: seasonality and risk of infection and reinfection in young children Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis The relationship between respiratory viral loads and diagnosis in children presenting to a pediatric hospital emergency department Human parainfluenza virus serotypes differ in their kinetics of replication and cytokine secretion in human tracheobronchial airway epithelium Illumination of parainfluenza virus infection and transmission in living animals reveals a tissue-specific dichotomy Mode of parainfluenza virus transmission determines the dynamics of primary infection and protection from reinfection Survival and disinfection of parainfluenza viruses on environmental surfaces Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review Influenza seasonality: underlying causes and modeling theories Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: the ups and downs of a seasonal virus The transmission dynamics of groups A and B human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in England & Wales and Finland: seasonality and cross-protection Human parainfluenza virus induces a type-specific protective immune response Epidemiology and clinical impact of parainfluenza virus infections in otherwise healthy infants and young children 5 years old Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Other Viral Infections among Children under Two Years Old in Southern Vietnam 2009-2010: Clinical Characteristics and Disease Severity Simultaneous detection of five different DNA targets by real-time Taqman PCR using the Roche LightCycler480: Application in viral molecular diagnostics Development and evaluation of a four-tube real time multiplex PCR assay covering fourteen respiratory viruses, and comparison to its corresponding single target counterparts A sensitive real-time PCR for detection and subgrouping of human respiratory syncytial virus Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data Multiple alignment of DNA sequences with MAFFT ViPR: an open bioinformatics database and analysis resource for virology research Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7 Tracer v1 BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens Human parainfluenza virus 4 outbreak and the role of diagnostic tests Human parainfluenza virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than five years of age in the United States Seasonal trends of human parainfluenza viral infections: United States Human parainfluenza virus type 1 evolution combines cocirculation of strains and development of geographically restricted lineages Viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection Chronic Enterovirus D68 Bronchiolitis Causing Severe Respiratory Insufficiency A prospective study of parainfluenza virus type 4 infections in children attending daycare Temporally structured metapopulation dynamics and persistence of influenza A H3N2 virus in humans HPIV3 was most commonly detected in our cohort and 80 co-detections of HPIV with other respiratory viruses were found. keywords: children; hpiv; infection; nam; samples; sequences; species; study; viet; viruses cache: cord-003004-iif2lnez.txt plain text: cord-003004-iif2lnez.txt item: #57 of 1203 id: cord-003044-9uqa39j9 author: Cervera, Héctor title: Viral Fitness Correlates with the Magnitude and Direction of the Perturbation Induced in the Host’s Transcriptome: The Tobacco Etch Potyvirus—Tobacco Case Study date: 2018-03-19 words: 10888 flesch: 39 summary: We computed a nonparametric Spearman's correlation coefficient between viral fitness and the normalized degree of expression (z-score) for each one of the previously characterized DEGs Correlation plots between host gene expression and viral fitness for those genes that significantly vary across all viral infections (one-way ANOVA with FDR, adjusted P < 0.05), and that exhibit a significant positive (upper panel; red dots) or negative (lower panel; blue dots) trend (Spearman's correlation test, P < 0.05). This observation motivated us to identify genes whose expression significantly correlates with viral fitness; that is, systematic changes in virus fitness are associated with an increase or decrease in the expression level of a particular gene. keywords: correlation; data; degs; differences; et al; expression; figure; fitness; genes; genotypes; host; infection; plants; profiles; protein; response; rna; tev; virus; viruses cache: cord-003044-9uqa39j9.txt plain text: cord-003044-9uqa39j9.txt item: #58 of 1203 id: cord-003092-3owcqt3d author: Iketani, Sho title: Viral Entry Properties Required for Fitness in Humans Are Lost through Rapid Genomic Change during Viral Isolation date: 2018-07-03 words: 8976 flesch: 38 summary: Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Control of an outbreak of human parainfluenza virus 3 in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients Epidemiology and clinical presentation of the four human parainfluenza virus types Features of circulating parainfluenza virus required for growth in human airway Circulating clinical strains of human parainfluenza virus reveal viral entry requirements for in vivo infection Interaction between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase and fusion glycoproteins of human parainfluenza virus type III regulates viral growth in vivo Adaptation of human parainfluenza virus to airway epithelium reveals fusion properties required for growth in host tissue Unity in diversity: shared mechanism of entry among paramyxoviruses Triggering of human parainfluenza virus 3 fusion protein (F) by the hemagglutininneuraminidase (HN) protein: an HN mutation diminishes the rate of F activation and fusion Mechanism of fusion triggering by human parainfluenza virus type III: communication between viral glycoproteins during entry Regulation of paramyxovirus fusion activation: the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein stabilizes the fusion protein in a pretriggered state The hemagglutininneuraminidase of human parainfluenza virus type 3: role of the neuraminidase in the viral life cycle A structural explanation for the low effectiveness of the seasonal influenza H3N2 vaccine Effects of egg-adaptation on receptor-binding and antigenic properties of recent influenza A (H3N2) vaccine viruses Cell culture adaptation of hepatitis C virus and in vivo viability of an adapted variant Sequential mutations associated with adaptation of human cytomegalovirus to growth in cell culture Antigenic drift of the pandemic 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virus in a ferret model Clinical sequencing uncovers origins and evolution of Lassa virus Quantification of BK virus standards by quantitative real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR is confounded by multiple virus populations in the WHO BKV international standard Copy number heterogeneity of JC virus standards Cooperating H3N2 influenza virus variants are not detectable in primary clinical samples Prolonged shedding of human coronavirus in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: risk factors and viral genome evolution Global epidemiology of non-influenza RNA respiratory viruses: data gaps and a growing need for surveillance A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough Measurements of intrahost viral diversity are extremely sensitive to systematic errors in variant calling A second receptor binding site on human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutininneuraminidase contributes to activation of the fusion mechanism Relative affinity of the human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase for sialic acid correlates with virus-induced fusion activity Molecular evolution of the haemagglutininneuraminidase gene in human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolates from children with acute respiratory illness in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan RDP4: detection and analysis of recombination patterns in virus genomes Homologous recombination in negative sense RNA viruses The evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the Paramyxoviridae A recombinant, infectious human parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein for use in high-throughput antiviral assays Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase genes of human type 3 parainfluenza viruses isolated from 1957 to 1983 Contribution of cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the F protein of human respiratory syncytial virus to its function Genetic characterization of parainfluenza virus 3 derived from guinea pigs Fixation of oligosaccharides to a surface may increase the susceptibility to human parainfluenza virus 1, 2, or 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase A prototype recombinant vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 Multiplex real-time PCR for prompt diagnosis of an outbreak of human parainfluenza 3 virus in children with acute leukemia Engineered intermonomeric disulfide bonds in the globular domain of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein: implications for the mechanism of fusion promotion Fusion promotion by a paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein: pH modulation of receptor avidity of binding sites I and II The anti-influenza virus agent 4-GU-DANA (zanamivir) inhibits cell fusion mediated by human parainfluenza virus and influenza virus HA Inhibition of parainfluenza virus type 3 and Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase receptor binding: effect of receptor avidity and steric hindrance at the inhibitor binding sites Paramyxovirus receptor-binding molecules: engagement of one site on the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein modulates activity at the second site Second sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase: implications for fusion Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information Clinical metagenomic identification of Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis and assembly of the draft genome: the continuing case for reference genome sequencing Rapid metagenomic identification of viral pathogens in clinical samples by real-time nanopore sequencing analysis Rapid metagenomic next-generation sequencing during an investigation of hospital-acquired human parainfluenza virus 3 infections A metagenomic analysis of pandemic influenza A (2009 H1N1) infection in patients from North America Rule-out outbreak: 24-hour metagenomic next-generation sequencing for characterizing respiratory virus source for infection prevention Myeloablation-associated deletion of ORF4 in a human coronavirus 229E infection MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7 Tracer v1 Mechanism of interference mediated by human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection Infection of ciliated cells by human parainfluenza virus type 3 in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium Human parainfluenza virus infection of the airway epithelium: the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase regulates fusion protein activation and modulates infectivity We thank the patients from western Washington state and staff of the University of Washington Virology Laboratory who contributed to the project. A total of 28 nonsynonymous mutational changes with MAF change of Ͼ5% in response to exposure to cell culture were found across the nine sets of HPIV-3 viral isolates, with 18 of the 28 in the HN protein (P Ͻ 0.001 by Fisher's exact test) (Fig. 1) . keywords: cells; clinical; culture; dimer; fusion; hpiv-3; human; mutations; neuraminidase; receptor; samples; sequencing; site; strains; virus; viruses cache: cord-003092-3owcqt3d.txt plain text: cord-003092-3owcqt3d.txt item: #59 of 1203 id: cord-003122-a3f4l6iu author: Dou, Dan title: Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement date: 2018-07-20 words: 10292 flesch: 26 summary: Isolation and characterization of the signal recognition particle receptor Inefficient SRP interaction with a nascent chain triggers a mRNA quality control pathway Substratespecific translocational attenuation during ER stress defines a pre-emptive quality control pathway Solving the membrane protein folding problem X-ray structure of a protein-conducting channel Molecular code for transmembrane-helix recognition by the Sec61 translocon Polar residues and their positional context dictate the transmembrane domain interactions of influenza a neuraminidases Protein translocation across the rough endoplasmic reticulum The cotranslational maturation program for the type II membrane glycoprotein influenza neuraminidase N-linked carbohydrates act as lumenal maturation and quality control protein tags The number and location of glycans on influenza hemagglutinin determine folding and association with calnexin and calreticulin Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution Structure of the influenza virus glycoprotein antigen neuraminidase at 2.9 A resolution The 2009 pandemic H1N1 neuraminidase N1 lacks the 150-cavity in its active site Influenza virus M2 integral membrane protein is a homotetramer stabilized by formation of disulfide bonds Steps in maturation of influenza A virus neuraminidase Assembly of subtype 1 influenza neuraminidase is driven by both the transmembrane and head domains The influenza virus neuraminidase protein transmembrane and head domains have coevolved Influenza A viral replication is blocked by inhibition of the inositolrequiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) stress pathway Influenza induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, caspase-12-dependent apoptosis, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated transforming growth factor-beta release in lung epithelial cells Influenza a virus host shutoff disables antiviral stress-induced translation arrest Real-time RT-qPCR assay for the analysis of human influenza A virus transcription and replication dynamics Strand-specific real-time RT-PCR for distinguishing influenza vRNA, cRNA, and mRNA Translational regulation of viral secretory proteins by the 5' coding regions and a viral RNA-binding protein The signal sequence coding region promotes nuclear export of mRNA The NS1 protein from influenza virus stimulates translation initiation by enhancing ribosome recruitment to mRNAs Major contribution of the RNA-binding domain of NS1 in the pathogenicity and replication potential of an avian H7N1 influenza virus in chickens Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI is a cellular target for NS1 protein, a translational activator of influenza virus Influenza virus NS1 protein stimulates translation of the M1 protein Influenza virus NS1 protein enhances the rate of translation initiation of viral mRNAs Influenza viruses cause hemolysis and fusion of cells Interaction of influenza virus hemagglutinin with target membrane lipids is a key step in virus-induced hemolysis and fusion at pH 5.2 Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease fur gene expression as a discriminating marker for small cell and nonsmall cell lung carcinomas Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium Proteolytic activation of the 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin Cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin in human respiratory epithelium is cell associated and sensitive to exogenous antiproteases Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin by airway proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT differs in subcellular localization and susceptibility to protease inhibitors Amantadine selection of a mutant influenza virus containing an acid-stable hemagglutinin glycoprotein: evidence for virus-specific regulation of the pH of glycoprotein transport vesicles Influenza virus M2 protein ion channel activity stabilizes the native form of fowl plague virus hemagglutinin during intracellular transport Influenza and SARS-coronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle Influenza virus assembly and budding Association of influenza virus proteins with membrane rafts Mutations at palmitylation sites of the influenza virus hemagglutinin affect virus formation Acylation-mediated membrane anchoring of avian influenza virus hemagglutinin is essential for fusion pore formation and virus infectivity S acylation of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses: mass spectrometry reveals site-specific attachment of stearic acid to a transmembrane cysteine Influenza virus hemagglutinin concentrates in lipid raft microdomains for efficient viral fusion Role of transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail amino acid sequences of influenza a virus neuraminidase in raft association and virus budding Influenza virus M2 protein mediates ESCRT-independent membrane scission Influenza virus assembly: effect of influenza virus glycoproteins on the membrane association of M1 protein Influenza virus assembly and lipid raft microdomains: a role for the cytoplasmic tails of the spike glycoproteins Identification of the domains of the influenza A virus M1 matrix protein required for NP binding, oligomerization and incorporation into virions Membrane curvature in cell biology: an integration of molecular mechanisms Influenza virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, but not the matrix protein, are required for assembly and budding of plasmid-derived virus-like particles Formation of virus-like particles from human cell lines exclusively expressing influenza neuraminidase Budding capability of the influenza virus neuraminidase can be modulated by tetherin Structural analysis of the roles of influenza A virus membrane-associated proteins in assembly and morphology influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins Transport of incoming influenza virus nucleocapsids into the nucleus Nuclear import of microinjected influenza virus ribonucleoproteins Nuclear import of influenza virus RNA can be mediated by viral nucleoprotein and transport factors required for protein import The NPI-1/NPI-3 (karyopherin alpha) binding site on the influenza a virus nucleoprotein NP is a nonconventional nuclear localization signal An unconventional NLS is critical for the nuclear import of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein and ribonucleoprotein Ultrastructural analysis of the nuclear localization sequences on influenza A ribonucleoprotein complexes Colocalization of different influenza viral RNA segments in the cytoplasm before viral budding as shown by single-molecule sensitivity FISH analysis Influenza a virus assembly intermediates fuse in the cytoplasm Analysis of IAV replication and co-infection dynamics by a versatile RNA viral genome labeling method Differential use of importin-alpha isoforms governs cell tropism and host adaptation of influenza virus The RNA polymerase of influenza a virus: mechanisms of viral transcription and replication Structural insights into RNA synthesis by the influenza virus transcription-replication machine Interaction of the influenza a virus nucleocapsid protein with the viral RNA polymerase potentiates unprimed viral RNA replication Isolation and characterization of the positive-sense replicative intermediate of a negative-strand RNA virus Single-molecule FRET reveals the pre-initiation and initiation conformations of influenza virus promoter RNA Different de novo initiation strategies are used by influenza virus RNA polymerase on its cRNA and viral RNA promoters during viral RNA replication Genetic trans-complementation establishes a new model for influenza virus RNA transcription and replication Internal initiation of influenza virus replication of viral RNA and complementary RNA in vitro Structural insight into cap-snatching and RNA synthesis by influenza polymerase A unique cap(m7GpppXm)-dependent influenza virion endonuclease cleaves capped RNAs to generate the primers that initiate viral RNA transcription Association of the influenza A virus RNAdependent RNA polymerase with cellular RNA polymerase II RNA-free and ribonucleoproteinassociated influenza virus polymerases directly bind the serine-5-phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain of host RNA polymerase II Structural basis of an essential interaction between influenza polymerase and Pol II CTD The structural basis for cap binding by influenza virus polymerase subunit PB2 keywords: binding; cell; figure; hemagglutinin; host; iavs; influenza; influenza virus; membrane; neuraminidase; nuclear; polymerase; protein; replication; rna; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-003122-a3f4l6iu.txt plain text: cord-003122-a3f4l6iu.txt item: #60 of 1203 id: cord-003130-p2h8p5bm author: Lindqvist, Richard title: Tick-Borne Flaviviruses and the Type I Interferon Response date: 2018-06-21 words: 8362 flesch: 43 summary: Furthermore RNA-seq and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that when challenged by TBEV infection, tick cells upregulated genes involved in immunity and metabolism, whereas genes involved in cellular stress were downregulated [94] . Using gene silencing approaches, this study confirmed the antiviral effect of Ago 30 and Dcr 90 in tick cells. keywords: cells; disease; encephalitis; flavivirus; host; ifn; infection; interferon; lgtv; protein; replication; response; rna; tbev; tick; type; viperin; virus cache: cord-003130-p2h8p5bm.txt plain text: cord-003130-p2h8p5bm.txt item: #61 of 1203 id: cord-003166-k3jxvzfi author: Noh, Ji Yeong title: Isolation and characterization of novel bat paramyxovirus B16-40 potentially belonging to the proposed genus Shaanvirus date: 2018-08-22 words: 4691 flesch: 45 summary: The MARC 145 cells and LLC-MK2 cells were then washed once with PBS Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Like Bat Coronaviruses and Group H Rotavirus in Faeces of Korean Bats Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017 Hendra and Nipah infection: emerging paramyxoviruses Isolation of multiple novel paramyxoviruses from pteropid bat urine Novel paramyxoviruses in free-ranging European bats Novel paramyxoviruses in bats from sub-Saharan Africa Identification of novel paramyxoviruses in insectivorous bats of the Southwest Indian Ocean Nipah virus transmission from bats to humans associated with drinking traditional liquor made from date palm sap Serological evidence of possible human infection with Tioman virus, a newly described paramyxovirus of bat origin The complete genome sequence of J virus reveals a unique genome structure in the family Paramyxoviridae Deciphering the bat virome catalog to better understand the ecological diversity of bat viruses and the bat origin of emerging infectious diseases The immune evasion function of J and Beilong virus V proteins is distinct from that of other paramyxoviruses, consistent with their inclusion in the proposed genus Jeilongvirus Coronavirus and paramyxovirus in bats from Northwest Italy Circulation of Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus and Paramyxovirus in Hipposideros bat species in Zimbabwe. In addition, novel strains of bat paramyxoviruses in diverse genera have been reported continuously [15] [16] keywords: b16; bat; bats; cross; genus; kbpv; parainfluenza; paramyxovirus; paramyxovirus b16; virus; viruses cache: cord-003166-k3jxvzfi.txt plain text: cord-003166-k3jxvzfi.txt item: #62 of 1203 id: cord-003216-5qioku84 author: Rehman, Zaib Ur. title: Pathobiology of Avian avulavirus 1: special focus on waterfowl date: 2018-09-19 words: 5617 flesch: 36 summary: Molecular characterization and epitope mapping of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (HN) genes of avian paramyxovirus serotype i from peacocks in Pakistan Supplementation of vitamin e protects chickens from Newcastle disease virus-mediated exacerbation of intestinal oxidative stress and tissue damage Genetic diversity and mutation of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) in wild birds and evidence for intercontinental spread Newcastle disease in geese: natural occurrence and experimental infection Development and field application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Newcastle disease virus antibodies in chickens and ducks Isolation and identification of paramyxovirus type 1 from duck Genomic sequence of an avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain isolated from Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) in China Phylogenetic and pathotypical analysis of two virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic ducks in China Genome sequence of a virulent genotype III Newcastle disease virus isolated from laying ducks in China Pathotypical and genotypical characterization of strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated from outbreaks in chicken and goose flocks in some regions of China during Generation of velogenic Newcastle disease viruses from a nonpathogenic waterfowl isolate by passaging in chickens Evolution of Newcastle disease virus quasispecies diversity and enhanced virulence after passage through chicken air sacs Phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in South China and transmission in different birds Molecular and antigenic characteristics of Newcastle disease virus isolates from domestic ducks in China Evaluation of histopathological changes, viral load and immune function of domestic geese infected with Newcastle disease virus Phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity variation of two Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic ducks in southern China Characterization and sequencing of a genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus isolated from laying ducks in Identification of a genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus isolated from sansui sheldrake ducks in Guizhou province Complete genome sequences of Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from three different poultry species in China Serologic and virologic survey for evidence of infection with velogenic Newcastle disease virus in Chinese duck farms Characterization of velogenic Newcastle disease viruses isolated from dead wild birds in Serbia during Molecular epidemiological analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated in China in 2005 Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated from waterfowl in China Antigenic and genotypical characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Taiwan between Association of RIG-I with innate immunity of ducks to influenza Goose RIG-I functions in innate immunity against Newcastle disease virus infections The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses Promoter structures and differential responses to viral and nonviral inducers of chicken type I interferon genes Distinct RIG-I and MDA5 signaling by RNA viruses in innate immunity Viral evasion and subversion of pattern-recognition receptor signalling The specific and essential role of MAVS in antiviral innate immune responses Essential role of IPS-1 in innate immune responses against RNA viruses The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN-beta promoter Histopathological alterations in immune organs of chickens and ducks after experimental infection with virulent 9a5b newcastle disease virus Expression of RIG-I, IRF3, IFN-beta and IRF7 determines resistance or susceptibility of cells to infection by Newcastle Disease Virus Newcastle disease virus infection in chicken embryonic fibroblasts but not duck embryonic fibroblasts is associated with elevated host innate immune response Identification of 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like gene in goose: gene structure, expression patterns, and antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus Experimental infection of duck origin virulent Newcastle disease virus strain in ducks Lack of detection of host associated differences in Newcastle disease viruses of genotype VIId isolated from chickens and geese Isolation and preliminary identification of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate of duck origin Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the duck viperin gene Infection of goose with genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus of goose origin elicits strong immune responses at early stage Experimental co-infections of domestic ducks with a virulent Newcastle disease virus and low or highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses Effect of immunosuppression on newcastle disease virus persistence in ducks with different immune status Antigenic variation between Newcastle disease viruses of goose and chicken origin Molecular epidemiological investigation of Newcastle disease virus from domestic ducks in Korea A preliminary study of the role of ducks in the transmission of Newcastle disease virus to in-contact rural free-range chickens The response of ducks to V4 Newcastle disease virus and its transmission to contact ducks and domestic chickens An epizootiological report of the re-emergence and spread of a lineage of virulent Newcastle disease virus into Eastern Europe Passaging of a Newcastle disease virus pigeon variant in chickens results in selection of viruses with mutations in the polymerase complex enhancing virus replication and virulence Characterisation of an antigenically unusual virus responsible for two outbreaks of Newcastle disease in the Republic of Ireland in 1990 Phylogenetic diversity among low-virulence newcastle disease viruses from waterfowl and shorebirds and comparison of genotype distributions to those of poultry-origin isolates Multiplex RT-PCR for rapid detection and differentiation of class I and class II Newcastle disease viruses Avian paramyxovirus serotype-1: a review of disease distribution, clinical symptoms, and laboratory diagnostics Surveillance of avirulent Newcastle disease viruses at live bird markets in eastern China during 2008-2012 reveals a new sub-genotype of class I virus A review of virulent Newcastle disease viruses in the United States and the role of wild birds in viral persistence and spread Characterization of complete genome sequence of genotype VI and VII velogenic Newcastle disease virus from Japan Potential of genotype VII Newcastle diseaseviruses to cause differential infections in chickens and ducks Genetic, pathogenic and antigenic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses in Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from wild birds in the Poyang Lake region of China Temporal dynamics, diversity, and interplay in three components of the virodiversity of a Mallard population: influenza A virus, avian paramyxovirus and avian coronavirus Comparison of viral shedding following vaccination with inactivated and live Newcastle disease vaccines formulated with wild-type and recombinant viruses Evolutionary dynamics of Newcastle disease virus Imperfect vaccination can enhance the transmission of highly virulent pathogens Newcastle disease: evolution of genotypes and the related diagnostic challenges A vaccine candidate of attenuated genotype VII Newcastle disease virus generated by reverse genetics Genotyping of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from 2001 to 2007 in Japan Avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) surveillance in commercial breeding farm in China and the characterization of Class I NDV isolates Molecular epidemiology of outbreak-associated and wild-waterfowl-derived newcastle disease virus strains in Finland, including a novel class I genotype Genomic characterizations of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from ducks in live bird markets in China Complete genome sequences of two subgenotype 1b Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Sansui sheldrake Ducks in Guizhou Wood ducks (Aix sponsa) as potential reservoirs for avian influenza and avian paramyxoviruses Genomic characterization of the first class I Newcastle disease virus isolated from the mainland of China Surveillance for avirulent Newcastle disease viruses in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos and Cairina moschata) at live bird markets in Eastern China and characterization of the viruses isolated Whole genome sequencing and biological characterization of Duck/JS/10, a new lentogenic class I Newcastle disease virus Genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolated from domestic duck in South Korea Complete genome sequence of genotype IB Newcastle disease virus isolated from a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in Russia Prevalence of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in Mallards during autumn migration in the western Baltic Sea region Characterization of newcastle disease viruses in wild and domestic birds in Luxembourg from Genetic diversity of newcastle disease virus in wild birds and pigeons in West Africa Exchange of Newcastle disease viruses in Korea: the relatedness of isolates between wild birds, live bird markets, poultry farms and neighboring countries Monitoring of wild birds for Newcastle disease virus in north Queensland Molecular epidemiologic investigation of lentogenic Newcastle disease virus from domestic birds at live bird markets in Korea Characterization of avian paramyxovirus type 1 from migratory wild birds in chickens Surveillance and characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan during 2006-09 Genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of 4 Newcastle disease virus isolate full genomes from waterbirds in South China during Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from waterfowl in the upper midwest region of the United States Orthomyxo-, paramyxo-and flavivirus infections in wild waterfowl in Finland Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan Pathotyping and genetic characterization of avian avulavirus-1 from domestic and wild waterfowl, geese and black swans in Pakistan Complete genome sequences of two Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from a wild duck and a pigeon in Russia Complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus strain isolated from a clinically healthy duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Pakistan Genomic and biological characterization of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) Identification of a genotype IX Newcastle disease virus in a Guangxi white duck Potentially virulent Newcastle disease viruses are maintained in migratory waterfowl populations Pathotypical characterization and molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from different hosts in China from 1996 to Genetic, antigenic, and pathogenic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from geese in China Biological characteristics and sequence analysis of fusion genes of Newcastle disease virus isolates Isolation, identification, and sequencing of a goose-derived Newcastle disease virus and determination of its pathogenicity Genomic analysis of Newcastle disease virus strain NA-1 isolated from geese in China Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic poultry species in Eastern China during Complete genome sequences of new emerging Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from china keywords: apmv-1; birds; china; disease; ducks; infection; newcastle; virulent; virus; viruses; waterfowl cache: cord-003216-5qioku84.txt plain text: cord-003216-5qioku84.txt item: #63 of 1203 id: cord-003232-nquw7qga author: Kuchipudi, Suresh V. title: Novel Flu Viruses in Bats and Cattle: “Pushing the Envelope” of Influenza Infection date: 2018-08-06 words: 3855 flesch: 38 summary: A virus polymerase is a site for adaptive changes during experimental evolution in bat cells Differences in influenza virus receptors in chickens and ducks: Implications for interspecies transmission Endocytosis of influenza viruses. The genetic diversity of influenza viruses is ever increasing with more novel influenza subtypes being discovered periodically. keywords: bat; bats; cattle; host; human; iavs; influenza; virus; viruses cache: cord-003232-nquw7qga.txt plain text: cord-003232-nquw7qga.txt item: #64 of 1203 id: cord-003302-vxk7uqlc author: Fedson, David S title: Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic date: 2018-10-03 words: 6390 flesch: 40 summary: Two recent studies of influenza virus infection and endotoxemia in mice have shown that survival is better before puberty than after puberty. The role of oxidative stress in influenza virus infection Endothelial cells are central orchestrators of cytokine amplification during influenza virus infection The lung microvascular endothelium as a therapeutic target in severe influenza Lipidomic profiling of influenza infection identifies mediators that induce and resolve inflammation Treating inflammation and infection in the 21st century: new hints from decoding resolution mediators and mechanisms Perpetual change: autophagy, the endothelium, and response to vascular injury Autophagy induction regulates influenza virus replication in a time-dependent manner Inhibition of autophagy ameliorates acute lung injury caused by avian influenza A H5N1 infection Activation of autophagy is involved in the protective effect of 17b-oestradiol on endotoxaemia-induced multiple organ dysfunction in ovariectomized rats Disease tolerance as a defense strategy Disease tolerance and immunity in host protection against infection Unravelling the networks dictating host resistance versus tolerance during pulmonary infections KM ES 1 Jamieson AM. keywords: adults; children; host; illness; infection; influenza; mice; mortality; pandemic; response; virus cache: cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt plain text: cord-003302-vxk7uqlc.txt item: #65 of 1203 id: cord-003403-ypefqm71 author: Roberts, Christine C. title: Assay Challenges for Emerging Infectious Diseases: The Zika Experience date: 2018-10-02 words: 4960 flesch: 33 summary: Here we review emerging infectious disease vaccine clinical assay development and trial execution with a special focus on the state of Zika virus clinical assays and diagnostics. Congenital cerebral malformations and dysfunction in fetuses and newborns following the 2013 to 2014 Zika virus epidemic in French Polynesia Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil: A case study Collaborative Study to Evaluate a Candidate World Health Organization International Standard for Zika Virus for Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique (NAT)-Based Assays FDA FDA provides new tools for the development and proper evaluation of tests for detecting Zika virus infection Current status of Zika vaccine development: Zika vaccines advance into clinical evaluation Preliminary aggregate safety and immunogenicity results from three trials of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate: Phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two Zika virus DNA vaccine candidates in healthy adults: Randomised, open-label, phase 1 clinical trials This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license keywords: assays; clinical; dengue; detection; development; diagnostic; dna; infection; use; vaccine; virus; zika; zikv cache: cord-003403-ypefqm71.txt plain text: cord-003403-ypefqm71.txt item: #66 of 1203 id: cord-003466-599x0euj author: Nickol, Michaela E. title: A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 date: 2019-02-06 words: 5774 flesch: 42 summary: The emergence of pandemic influenza viruses Summary report on the Asian influenza epidemic in Japan 1957 Public health and medical responses to the 1957-58 influenza pandemic Global mortality impact of the 1957-1959 influenza pandemic Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of 2009 pandemic influenza a H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study Antigenic similarity of influenza a (H1N1) viruses from epidemics in 1977--1978 to The 1918 influenza pandemic: lessons for 2009 and the future The Spanish flu--part II: the second and third wave Paths of infection: the first world war and the origins of the 1918 influenza pandemic The Spanish flu--part Analyses of influenza virus genome sequences also suggest that the initial entry of the 1918 precursor virus into human circulation began in 1915 and did not appear to have jumped directly from an avian source [4, 38, 39] . keywords: health; infections; influenza; influenza virus; mortality; pandemic; spread; virus; viruses; wave; years cache: cord-003466-599x0euj.txt plain text: cord-003466-599x0euj.txt item: #67 of 1203 id: cord-003482-f1uvohf0 author: Malmlov, Ashley title: Experimental Zika virus infection of Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) and possible entry of virus into brain via activated microglial cells date: 2019-02-04 words: 7514 flesch: 51 summary: Isolation and haemagglutination-inhibition studies on bats collected in Kenya and throughout Uganda Effect of Zika virus and Bwamba virus in the cave bat (Myotis lucifugus) Transmission studies of Hendra virus (equine morbillivirus) in the fruit bats, horses and cats Pteropid bats are confirmed as the reservoir hosts of henipaviruses: A comprehensive experimental study of virus transmission Antibody-mediated immune response in the bat, Pteropus giganteus Detection of specfic antibody responses to vaccinatin in variable flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus) The little brown bat, M. lucifugus, displays a highly diverse VH, DH, JH repertoire but little evidence of somatic hypermutation Tacaribe virus cases fatal infection of an ostensible reservoir host, the Jamaican fruit bat Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) Transcriptomic signatures of tacaribe virus-infected Jamaican fruit bats Assay optimization for molecular detection of Zika virus A rhesus macaque model of Asian-lineage Zika virus infection Zika virus testing considerations: lessons learned from the first eighty real-time RT-PCR-positive cases diagnosed in New York State Detection of Zika virus in urine Long-term kinetics of Zika virus RNA and antibodies in body fluids of a vasectomized traveller returning from Martinique: a case report Persistence of Zika virus in body fluids-Preliminary report Zika virus causes testis damage and leads to male infertility in mice Zika virus infection damages the testes in mice A mouse model of Zika virus pathogenesis Zika viral infection and neutralizing human antibody response in a BLT humanized mouse model Notes from the field: Evidence of Zika virus infection in brain and placental tissues from two congenitally infected newborns and two fetal losses-Brazil Zika virus damages the human placental barrier and presents marked fetal neurotropism Pathology of congenital Zika syndrome in Brazil: a case series Zika virus infection of rhesus macaques leads to viral persistence in multiple tissues Fetal brain lesions after subcutaneous inoculation of Zika virus in a pregnant nonhuman primate Nonhuman primate models of Zika virus infection, immunity, and therapeutic development Zika viral dynamics and shedding in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques Overview of the current status of Zika virus pathogenesis and animal related research Axl mediates Zika virus entry in human glial cells and modulates innate immune responses Microglia/macrophage-specific protein Iba1 binds to fimbrin and enhances its actin-bundling activity Entry sites of Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses in the mouse central nervous system following peripheral infection Detection of Zika virus in saliva Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells Denge virus in Mexican bats Neotropical bats that co-habit with humans function as dead-end hosts for dengue virus Detection of dengue virus neutralizing antibodies in bats from Costa Rica and Ecuador Sylvatic transmission of arboviruses among bornean orangutans Zika virus, vectors, reservoirs, amplifying hosts, and their potential to spread worldwide: what we know and what we should investigate urgently A sero-epidemiological survey for certain arboviruses (Togaviridae) in Pakistan Investigating the potential role of North American animals as hosts for Zika virus. Distribution of viral antigen in bat tissues suggests that infection in this species recapitulates human infection, which is thought to start with infection of epidermal and dermal cells with subsequent dissemination to multiple organs including salivary glands as viral RNA can be detected in human saliva [44, 45] . keywords: animal; bats; brain; cells; dpi; fruit; human; infection; rna; serum; study; time; tissues; urine; virus; zika; zikv cache: cord-003482-f1uvohf0.txt plain text: cord-003482-f1uvohf0.txt item: #68 of 1203 id: cord-003492-rodqdtfj author: Montaner-Tarbes, Sergio title: Key Gaps in the Knowledge of the Porcine Respiratory Reproductive Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) date: 2019-02-20 words: 9582 flesch: 17 summary: In vitro comparisons with pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMS) Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus utilizes nanotubes for intercellular spread Effect of malaria on HIV/AIDS transmission and progression Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are induced by HIV-infection of macrophages: a potential mechanism for intercellular HIV trafficking Tunneling nanotubes as a novel route of cell-to-cell spread of herpesviruses Innate and adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Arterivirus molecular biology and pathogenesis Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses Production of type I interferons: plasmacytoid dendritic cells and beyond Immune responses in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Differential production of proinflammatory cytokines in the pig lung during different respiratory virus infections: Correlations with pathogenicity In vivo and in vitro interferon (IFN) studies with the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Interferon type I response in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected MARC-145 cells Modulation of innate immune signaling by nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) in the family Arteriviridae Interplay between interferonmediated innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Modulation of host cell responses and evasion strategies for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein modulates interferon-β production by inhibiting IRF3 activation in immortalized porcine alveolar macrophages The PRRSV replicase: exploring the multifunctionality of an intriguing set of nonstructural proteins Open reading frame 1a-encoded subunits of the arterivirus replicase induce endoplasmic reticulumderived double-membrane vesicles which carry the viral replication complex Porcine alveolar macrophage polarization is involved in inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) topology and selective isoform integration in artificial membranes The cysteine protease domain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nonstructural protein 2 possesses deubiquitinating and interferon antagonism functions Immunodominant epitopes in nsp2 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus are dispensable for replication, but play an important role in modulation of the host immune response Nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) promotes PRRSV infection in MARC-145 cells Nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus suppresses both MAVS and RIG-I expression as one of the mechanisms to antagonize type i For example, in respiratory syncytial virus infection, EVs are released with a selected modified cargo when compared with uninfected epithelial cells. keywords: antibodies; cells; ifn; immune; infection; mechanisms; pigs; porcine; proteins; prrsv; replication; response; role; strains; syndrome; syndrome virus; vaccine; virus cache: cord-003492-rodqdtfj.txt plain text: cord-003492-rodqdtfj.txt item: #69 of 1203 id: cord-003503-t6cnjwpd author: Sung, Ming-Hua title: Phylogeographic investigation of 2014 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) transmission in Taiwan date: 2019-03-06 words: 3363 flesch: 41 summary: PloS one Heterogeneity in spike protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in Korea Detection and molecular diversity of spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in China The S2 glycoprotein subunit of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus contains immunodominant neutralizing epitopes Cellular entry of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Sequence analysis of the partial spike glycoprotein gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in Korea Coronaviruses: structure and genome expression Role of transportation in spread of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection, United States. keywords: data; diarrhea; epidemic; pedv; pig; porcine; strains; taiwan; transmission; virus cache: cord-003503-t6cnjwpd.txt plain text: cord-003503-t6cnjwpd.txt item: #70 of 1203 id: cord-003523-byxuruk1 author: Fritsch, Annemarie title: Influenza C virus in pre-school children with respiratory infections: retrospective analysis of data from the national influenza surveillance system in Germany, 2012 to 2014 date: 2019-03-07 words: 4296 flesch: 44 summary: Influenza Other Respir Viruses Study of influenza C virus infection in France Epidemiological information regarding the periodic epidemics of influenza C virus in Japan (1996-2013) and the seroprevalence of antibodies to different antigenic groups Bericht zur Epidemiologie der Influenza in Deutschland Saison on the communicable diseases and related special health issues to be covered by epidemiological surveillance as well as relevant case definitions Diagnostic approach for the differentiation of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)v virus from recent human influenza viruses by realtime PCR Detection and quantification of influenza C virus in pediatric respiratory specimens by real-time PCR and comparison with infectious viral counts Influenza C virus hemagglutinin: comparison with influenza A and B virus hemagglutinins Age distribution of the antibody to type C influenza virus Detection of influenza C virus by a real-time RT-PCR assay. key: cord-003523-byxuruk1 authors: Fritsch, Annemarie; Schweiger, Brunhilde; Biere, Barbara title: Influenza C virus in pre-school children with respiratory infections: retrospective analysis of data from the national influenza surveillance system in Germany, 2012 to 2014 date: 2019-03-07 journal: Euro Surveill DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.10.1800174 sha: doc_id: 3523 cord_uid: byxuruk1 INTRODUCTION: keywords: children; detection; infection; influenza; patients; samples; sequences; virus; viruses cache: cord-003523-byxuruk1.txt plain text: cord-003523-byxuruk1.txt item: #71 of 1203 id: cord-003598-m2fsrwvw author: Elbahesh, Husni title: Response Modifiers: Tweaking the Immune Response Against Influenza A Virus date: 2019-04-12 words: 4176 flesch: 22 summary: Regulatory roles of c-jun in H5N1 influenza virus replication and host inflammation Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase impairs influenza virus-induced primary and secondary host gene responses and protects mice from lethal H5N1 infection The MEK-inhibitor CI-1040 displays a broad anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and provides a prolonged treatment window compared to standard of care in vivo The NF-kappaB inhibitor SC75741 protects mice against highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus Phosphoproteomic-based kinase profiling early in influenza virus infection identifies GRK2 as antiviral drug target Transient inhibition of sphingosine kinases confers protection to influenza A virus infected mice PAR1 contributes to influenza A virus pathogenicity in mice Increased survival after gemfibrozil treatment of severe mouse influenza TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells are the necessary evil of lethal influenza virus infection Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase agonists protect against lethal influenza virus challenge in mice Treating influenza infection, from now and into the future Angiopoietinlike 4 interacts with matrix proteins to modulate wound healing Role of Angptl4 in vascular permeability and inflammation H5N1 and 1918 pandemic influenza virus infection results in early and excessive infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in the lungs of mice Excessive neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to acute lung injury of influenza pneumonitis Viable neutrophils release mitochondrial DNA to form neutrophil extracellular traps Molecular pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection and virus-induced regulation of cytokine gene expression Relevance of signaling molecules for apoptosis induction on influenza A virus replication Role of host cytokine responses in the pathogenesis of avian H5N1 influenza viruses in mice Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend or foe? Repurposing host-based therapeutics to control coronavirus and influenza virus Repurposing of drugs as novel influenza inhibitors from clinical gene expression infection signatures Comparative influenza protein interactomes identify the role of plakophilin 2 in virus restriction Network-guided discovery of influenza virus replication host factors Cellular networks involved in the influenza virus life cycle Genetic screens for the control of influenza virus replication: from meta-analysis to drug discovery Meta-and orthogonal integration of influenza OMICs data defines a role for UBR4 in virus budding The magnitude of the T cell response to a clinically significant dose of influenza virus is regulated by TRAIL Pathogenic potential of interferon alphabeta in acute influenza infection Anticancer compound ABT-263 accelerates apoptosis in virus-infected cells and imbalances cytokine production and lowers survival rates of infected mice Antiviral properties of chemical inhibitors of cellular anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins keywords: cells; host; iav; immune; infections; influenza; mice; protein; replication; responses; virus cache: cord-003598-m2fsrwvw.txt plain text: cord-003598-m2fsrwvw.txt item: #72 of 1203 id: cord-003639-bjtxf1y8 author: Vahey, Michael D title: Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus date: 2019-05-14 words: 9673 flesch: 33 summary: To quantify alignment between the HA-NA axis of a virus particle and the direction of its displacement from the associated ECL track ( Figure 4E ), fluorescent images of HA, NA, and ECL were segmented in both HA (to identify virus particles) and ECL (to identify regions of cleaved sialic acid) channels. Polarized viruses step persistently away from their NA-rich pole To directly test how NA polarization might affect virus motion, we characterized interactions between fluorescently-labeled viruses and sialic acid coated coverslips, where the well-defined geometry and density of sialic acid allow straightforward analysis of virus diffusion (Materials and methods) (Figure 2A ). keywords: acid; binding; diffusion; figure; influenza; organization; particles; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-003639-bjtxf1y8.txt plain text: cord-003639-bjtxf1y8.txt item: #73 of 1203 id: cord-003707-fbe47bgi author: Russo, Alice G title: Novel insights into endogenous RNA viral elements in Ixodes scapularis and other arbovirus vector genomes date: 2019-06-18 words: 9015 flesch: 45 summary: I. scapularis NIRVS are enriched in bunya- and orthomyxo-like sequences, reflecting that ticks are a dominant host for these virus groups. Unlike in mosquitoes, I. scapularis NIRVS are more commonly derived from the non-structural region (replicase) of negative-sense viruses, as opposed to structural regions (e.g. glycoprotein). keywords: aegypti; et al; fig; genome; like; nirvs; pirna; rna; scapularis; sequences; table; tick; viruses cache: cord-003707-fbe47bgi.txt plain text: cord-003707-fbe47bgi.txt item: #74 of 1203 id: cord-003767-9xbu4hnq author: Slingenbergh, Jan title: Animal Virus Ecology and Evolution Are Shaped by the Virus Host-Body Infiltration and Colonization Pattern date: 2019-05-25 words: 6289 flesch: 45 summary: Less attention is given to why and how virus fitness results from the success of virus transmission. Virus circulation in the bloodstream may enable virus transmission via needles or arthropod vectors [10] . keywords: body; host; infection; organ; transmission; virus; virus host; virus transmission; viruses cache: cord-003767-9xbu4hnq.txt plain text: cord-003767-9xbu4hnq.txt item: #75 of 1203 id: cord-003792-v48xeqdz author: Izquierdo-Suzán, Mónica title: Natural Vertical Transmission of Zika Virus in Larval Aedes aegypti Populations, Morelos, Mexico date: 2019-08-17 words: 4025 flesch: 36 summary: Vertical transmission of Zika virus in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes has been evaluated under laboratory conditions by searching for the presence of Zika virus RNA in several organs from the offspring of infected mosquitoes, demonstrating the presence of viral RNA in the guts and salivary glands of the offspring (12) . Only a few studies have addressed the natural vertical transmission of Zika virus in wild mosquito populations; most of these have been carried out in Brazil, where Zika virus RNA has been detected in male Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and in adult Ae. albopictus mosquitoes raised from field-collected eggs (26, 27) . keywords: aedes; aegypti; isolate; larvae; mosquitoes; rna; transmission; virus; zika; zika virus cache: cord-003792-v48xeqdz.txt plain text: cord-003792-v48xeqdz.txt item: #76 of 1203 id: cord-003817-k3m72uxw author: Braun, Elisabeth title: Furin‐mediated protein processing in infectious diseases and cancer date: 2019-08-05 words: 9081 flesch: 34 summary: 63, 64 MARV and human pathogenic Ebolavirus species harbour canonical furin cleavage sites (R-X-K/R-R↓). Several approaches, including incorporation of D-instead of L-amino acids, have been applied to increase the stability and hence efficacy of furin inhibitors. keywords: activation; activity; cell; cleavage; env; example; expression; furin; glycoprotein; human; influenza; inhibitors; processing; proprotein; proteases; protein; proteolytic; site; target; virus; viruses cache: cord-003817-k3m72uxw.txt plain text: cord-003817-k3m72uxw.txt item: #77 of 1203 id: cord-003861-qeao4ghg author: Aris-Brosou, Stéphane title: Viral Long-Term Evolutionary Strategies Favor Stability over Proliferation date: 2019-07-24 words: 4517 flesch: 40 summary: Genes that are affected by correlated evolution include: helicase activity and binding at the interface of multiple compartments in dsDNA viruses, or transferase activity and protein modifications on the envelope in ssRNA viruses (Table S2) . Unifying the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of pathogens The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses What does virus evolution tell us about virus origins? Prevalence of epistasis in the evolution of influenza A surface proteins The unsolved challenge to phylogenetic correlation tests for categorical characters Stability-mediated epistasis constrains the evolution of an influenza protein Compensatory evolution in mitochondrial tRNAs navigates valleys of low fitness keywords: dsdna; evolution; figure; genes; selection; sites; ssrna; viruses cache: cord-003861-qeao4ghg.txt plain text: cord-003861-qeao4ghg.txt item: #78 of 1203 id: cord-003880-uuuzfyjm author: Shen, Meng-xin title: Antiviral Properties of R. tanguticum Nanoparticles on Herpes Simplex Virus Type I In Vitro and In Vivo date: 2019-09-04 words: 6681 flesch: 42 summary: R. tanguticum nanoparticles could inactivate the HSV-1 virions and block the viral attachment and entry into cells. Time-of-addition assay indicated that R. tanguticum nanoparticles could interfere with the entire phase of viral replication. keywords: activity; cells; day; herpes; hsv-1; infection; mice; nanoparticles; tanguticum; tanguticum nanoparticles; virus cache: cord-003880-uuuzfyjm.txt plain text: cord-003880-uuuzfyjm.txt item: #79 of 1203 id: cord-003917-bswndfvk author: Lalle, Eleonora title: Pulmonary Involvement during the Ebola Virus Disease date: 2019-08-24 words: 5546 flesch: 31 summary: A case report Antibody prevalence against haemorrhagic fever viruses in randomized representative Central African populations Risk factors for patients without a reported exposure CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidance for Donning and Doffing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) During Management of Patients with Ebola Virus Disease Interim Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Care of Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Filovirus Haemorrhagic Fever in Health-Care Settings, with Focus on Ebola Nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis of respiratory virus infections Understanding Ebola virus transmission Ebola and Marburg virus antibody prevalence in selected populations of the Central African Republic The Repertoire of Adenovirus in Human Disease: The Innocuous to the Deadly Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults Respiratory syncytial virus Measles virus: Cellular receptors, tropism and pathogenesis Pathological and ultrastructural analysis of surgical lung biopsies in patients with swine-origin influenza type A/H1N1 and acute respiratory failure Pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome Pathogenesis of the viral hemorrhagic fevers Dengue viruses can infect human primary lung epithelia as well as lung carcinoma cells, and can also induce the secretion of IL-6 and RANTES Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever. Soldier in the Fight against Respiratory Viruses Epithelial antimicrobial peptides and proteins: Their role in host defence and inflammation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) CDC Grand Rounds: Discovering new diseases via enhanced partnership between public health and pathology experts Detection of Viral RNA in Tissues following Plasma Clearance from an Ebola Virus Infected Patient Proinflammatory response during Ebola virus infection of primate models: Possible involvement of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily Infection and activation of monocytes by Marburg and Ebola viruses Kinetics of Soluble Mediators of the Host Response in Ebola Virus Disease Human Ebola virus infection results in substantial immune activation Inflammatory and Humoral Immune Response during Ebola Virus Infection in Survivor and Fatal Cases Occurred in Sierra Leone during the 2014-2016 Outbreak in West Africa Into the Eye of the Human fatal zaire ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis Dendritic cells and the control of immunity The lack of maturation of Ebola virus-infected dendritic cells results from the cooperative effect of at least two viral domains Ebola and Marburg viruses replicate in monocyte-derived dendritic cells without inducing the production of cytokines and full maturation Immune barriers of Ebola virus infection Different features of Vδ2 T and NK cells in fatal and non-fatal human Ebola infections Ebola haemorrhagic fever virus: keywords: cells; disease; ebola; ebov; evd; infection; lung; outbreak; patients; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-003917-bswndfvk.txt plain text: cord-003917-bswndfvk.txt item: #80 of 1203 id: cord-003926-ycdaw2vh author: Maslow, Joel N. title: Zika Vaccine Development—Current Progress and Challenges for the Future date: 2019-07-14 words: 3768 flesch: 39 summary: Expert Rev Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two Zika virus DNA vaccine candidates in healthy adults: Randomised, open-label, phase 1 clinical trials Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Zika virus DNA vaccine-Preliminary Report In vivo protection against ZIKV infection and pathogenesis through passive antibody transfer and active immunization with a prMEnv DNA vaccine Rapid development of a DNA vaccine for Zika virus Preliminary aggregate safety and immunogenicity results from three trials of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate: Phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials Vaccine protection against Zika virus from Brazil Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys Modified mRNA vaccines protect against Zika virus infection Purified inactivated Zika vaccine candidates afford protection against lethal challenge in mice A measles virus-based vaccine candidate mediates protection against Zika virus in an allogeneic mouse pregnancy model Animal models of Zika virus infection, pathogenesis, and immunity Zika virus infection during pregnancy in mice causes placental damage and fetal demise Increased hospitalizations for neuropathies as indicators of Zika virus infection, according to Health Information System data Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and encephalitis associated with Zika virus infection in Brazil: Detection of viral RNA and Isolation of virus during late infection Ethical Considerations for Zika Virus Human Challenge Trials; National Institutes of Health Bystander risk, social value, and ethics of human research Zika vaccines: Role for controlled human infection Starting in mid-2015, Zika virus infection achieved epidemic status, spreading rapidly through South America, Central America, and the Caribbean Islands [5] . keywords: development; human; infection; mice; studies; study; trials; vaccine; virus; zika cache: cord-003926-ycdaw2vh.txt plain text: cord-003926-ycdaw2vh.txt item: #81 of 1203 id: cord-003961-gs75ebo4 author: Yin, Xin title: Hepatitis E Virus Entry date: 2019-09-20 words: 5144 flesch: 44 summary: Hepatitis E virus: Advances and challenges The Current Host Range of Hepatitis E Viruses Ribavirin therapy inhibits viral replication on patients with chronic hepatitis e virus infection Ribavirin for chronic hepatitis E virus infection in transplant recipients A mutation in the hepatitis E virus RNA polymerase promotes its replication and associates with ribavirin treatment failure in organ transplant recipients Hepatitis E virus mutations associated with ribavirin treatment failure result in altered viral fitness and ribavirin sensitivity Efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adults: A large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled Long-Term Efficacy of a Hepatitis E Vaccine Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) strains in serum samples can replicate efficiently in cultured cells despite the coexistence of HEV antibodies: Characterization of HEV virions in blood circulation Characterization of the Quasi-Enveloped Hepatitis E Virus Particles Released by the Cellular Exosomal Pathway Role of Envelopment in the HEV Life Cycle Distinct Entry Mechanisms for Nonenveloped and Quasi-Enveloped Hepatitis E Viruses Hepatitis E virus (HEV): Molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced Synthesis of a Novel Viral Factor Mediates Efficient Replication of Genotype-1 Hepatitis E Virus Biological and immunological characteristics of hepatitis E virus-like particles based on the crystal structure Structure of hepatitis E virion-sized particle reveals an RNA-dependent viral assembly pathway Structure of the hepatitis E virus-like particle suggests mechanisms for virus assembly and receptor binding Recent advances in Hepatitis E virus Dimerization of hepatitis E virus capsid protein E2s domain is essential for virus-host interaction Naked viruses that are't always naked: Quasi-enveloped agents of acute hepatitis Monoclonal antibodies raised against the ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus (HEV) can capture HEV particles in culture supernatant and serum but not those in feces Peek-a-boo: Membrane hijacking and the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis Hepatitis E Virus Assembly and Release Proline-rich regions and motifs in trafficking: From ESCRT interaction to viral exploitation A PSAP motif in the ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is necessary for virion release from infected cells Hepatitis E virus egress depends on the exosomal pathway, with secretory exosomes derived from multivesicular bodies Protein composition of the hepatitis A virus quasi-envelope Experimental African HEV infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) By examining his fecal material using electron microcopy (EM), Dr. Balayan obtained the first morphologic evidence of HEV virions, which appeared as nonenveloped icosahedral particles, 27-30 nm in diameter, with a spiky surface [9] . keywords: cells; ehev; entry; hepatitis; hev; membrane; naked; particles; protein; virion; virus cache: cord-003961-gs75ebo4.txt plain text: cord-003961-gs75ebo4.txt item: #82 of 1203 id: cord-003993-3bozjfv7 author: Cagliani, Rachele title: Mode and tempo of human hepatitis virus evolution date: 2019-10-25 words: 7848 flesch: 37 summary: The prehistory of the silk road The history of the camel bone dating project The appearance of the domestic camel in southeast Arabia Rabbits and the specious origins of domestication Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human Estimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML Distribution of HBV genotypes in Latin America Global prevalence and genotype distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in 2015: a modelling study RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and postanalysis of large phylogenies Complete genome sequence of a hepatitis E virus genotype 1e strain from an outbreak in Nigeria Hepatitis E in Italy: 5 years of national epidemiological, virological and environmental surveillance Hepatitis E virus genotypes and subgenotypes causing acute hepatitis Quantification and genetic diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Sus scrofa) hunted for domestic consumption in Central Italy Dakovic Rode O. Genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains derived from humans, swine and wild boars in Croatia from A case of incidental infection of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1 in a domestic pig Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 and hepatitis A virus dual infection in pediatric patients with a low socioeconomic status from Mexico Epidemiology and genotype 3 subtype dynamics of hepatitis E virus in Belgium First detection of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 as a common infectious agent in patients with chronic liver damage in Mexico A new hepatitis E virus genotype 2 strain identified from an outbreak in Nigeria Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and correlates of anti-HEV IgG antibodies in the Rakai District Hepatitis E virus infection in different groups of Estonian patients and people who inject drugs The worldwide burden of viral hepatitis in terms of death and disability is enormous. Technological advances that allow throughput sequencing of viral genomes, as well as the development of computational tools to analyze such genome data, have largely expanded our knowledge on the host range and evolutionary history of human hepatitis viruses. keywords: fig; genotypes; hbv; hcv; hepatitis; hev; human; infection; non; origin; time; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-003993-3bozjfv7.txt plain text: cord-003993-3bozjfv7.txt item: #83 of 1203 id: cord-004034-mjkixqhs author: Szilasi, Anna title: Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in domestic cats in Hungary date: 2019-12-10 words: 3712 flesch: 41 summary: Europe Worldwide prevalence of lentivirus infection in wild feline species: epidemiologic and phylogenetic aspects Nucleotide sequences of Australian isolates os the feline immunodeficiency virus: comparision with other feline lentiviruses Identification of three feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) env gene subtypes and comparison of the FIV and human immuno deficiency virus type 1 evolutionary patterns Nucleotide sequence of feline immunodeficiency virus: classification of Japanese isolates into two subtypes which are distinct from non-Japanese subtypes Genetic diversity of Argentine isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus Genetic diversity of feline immunodeficiency virus: dual infection, recombination, and distinct evolutionary rates among envelope sequence clades Analysis of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Italian isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus indicates a high prevalence and heterogeneity of subtype B Feline immunodeficiency virus subtype C is prevalent in northern part of Taiwan Feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes A, B and C and intersubtype recombinants in Ontario Phylogenetic analyses of Texas isolates indicate an evolving subtype of the clade B feline immunodeficiency viruses Recombination in feline immunodeficiency virus from feral and companion domestic cats Phylogenetic analysis of feline immunodeficiency virus in Central Europe: a prerequisite for vaccination and molecular diagnostic Molecular subtyping of feline immunodeficiency virus from domestic cats in Australia Rapid evolution of the env gene leader sequence in cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus Phylodynamics of the Brazilian feline immunodeficiency virus, infection, genetics and evolution Phylogenetic analysis of Portuguese feline immunodeficiency virus sequences reveals high genetic diversity A detailed phylogenetic analysis of FIV in the United States American Association of Feline Practitioners' feline retrovirus management guidelines Seroepidemiological survey of infection by feline leukemia virus and immunodeficiency virus in Madrid and correlation with some clinical aspects Prevalence of FIV and FeLV infections in cats in Istanbul Prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in Northern Florida Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus infections in cats in the Pisa district of Tuscany, and attempts to control FeLV infection in a colony of domestic cats by vaccination Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in North America and risk factors for seropositivity Prevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus among client-owned cats and risk factors for infection in Germany Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in Canada Naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats from western Canada: prevalence, disease associations, and survival analysis Seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and heartworm infection among owned cats in tropical Mexico A survey of feline leukaemia virus antigenaemia among cats in eastern Austria: a retrospective analysis of serum samples routinely tested between 1996 and 2011 Diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemiavirus (FeLV) infection: an update for clinicians Data on file Data on file Performance of 4 pointof-care screening tests for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus DNA products in lytic versus latent infection, including early reverse transcription, intermediate reverse transcription, and late circle junctions. The FIV primers used in the study amplify early reverse transcription products (process of reverse transcription Figure 1 Worldwide distribution of feline immunodeficiency virus subtypes (map scheme: www.outline-world-map.com). keywords: cats; feline; felv; fiv; immunodeficiency; infection; pcr; prevalence; strains; virus cache: cord-004034-mjkixqhs.txt plain text: cord-004034-mjkixqhs.txt item: #84 of 1203 id: cord-004211-58x3nnsc author: Javelle, Emilie title: The challenging management of Rift Valley Fever in humans: literature review of the clinical disease and algorithm proposal date: 2020-01-22 words: 6932 flesch: 42 summary: Eurosurveillance Aerosol exposure to Rift Valley fever virus causes earlier and more severe neuropathology in the murine model, which has important implications for therapeutic development Aerosolized rift valley fever virus causes fatal encephalitis in african green monkeys and common marmosets Emerging infections of CNS: avian influenza A virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus and human parechovirus Neutrophil and macrophage influx into the central nervous system are inflammatory components of lethal Rift Valley fever encephalitis in rats Peripheral blood biomarkers of disease outcome in a monkey Model of Rift Valley Fever encephalitis Vascular permeability in the brain is a late pathogenic event during Rift Valley fever virus encephalitis in rats Acute renal failure associated with the Rift Valley fever: a single center study Rift valley fever in man, complicated by retinal changes and loss of vision Macular changes in rift valley fever Ocular complications of Rift Valley fever outbreak in Saudi Arabia Systemic viral infections and their retinal and choroidal manifestations Potential for autoimmune pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever virus retinitis Ocular pathology: role of emerging viruses in the Asia-Pacific Region-A review Posterior segment manifestations of Rickettsia conorii infection New infectious etiologies for posterior uveitis Lymphoplasmacytic endotheliitis and anterior uveitis in sheep infected experimentally with rift valley fever virus Rift Valley fever: a sero-epidemiological survey among pregnant women in Mozambique Rift Valley fever as a possible cause of human abortions Association of Rift Valley fever virus infection with miscarriage in Sudanese women: a cross-sectional study Case report: Rift Valley Fever with vertical transmission in a pregnant Sudanese woman Vertical transmission of fatal Rift Valley fever in a newborn An outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997-98 Rift Valley fever among children and adolescents in southwestern Saudi Arabia Isolation precautions. Potential effects of Rift Valley fever in the United States Entomological risk factors for potential transmission of Rift Valley fever virus around concentrations of livestock in Colorado Rift Valley fever and a new paradigm of research and development for zoonotic disease control Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Egypt: observations of the spectrum of human illness More deaths from Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen Epidemiologic and clinical aspects of a Rift Valley fever outbreak in humans in Tanzania Rift Valley Fever: new outbreak in Mayotte Recent outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever in East Africa and the Middle East. keywords: acute; cases; complications; disease; encephalitis; fever; hemorrhagic; human; infection; outbreak; rift; rift valley; rvf; rvfv; valley; valley fever; virus cache: cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt plain text: cord-004211-58x3nnsc.txt item: #85 of 1203 id: cord-004280-c470nlie author: Coleman, Kristen K. title: Airborne Influenza A Virus Exposure in an Elementary School date: 2020-02-05 words: 4124 flesch: 33 summary: Our study represents the first identification and quantification of airborne influenza virus in an elementary school, and the results suggest that airborne IAV has the potential to circulate in schools during influenza season, in large enough doses known to cause infection. Although airborne influenza virus has been detected in select indoor settings 37, 38, 44, [61] keywords: air; densities; iav; influenza; particles; rna; school; student; transmission; virus cache: cord-004280-c470nlie.txt plain text: cord-004280-c470nlie.txt item: #86 of 1203 id: cord-004477-qu2o2iu1 author: Vlasova, Anastasia N. title: Editorial: Porcine Anti-Viral Immunity date: 2020-03-06 words: 1586 flesch: 35 summary: Pigs also serve as zoonotic reservoirs for viruses transmittable to humans and other species, including influenza A virus, Nipah virus, and hepatitis E virus (1) . Since viruses can alter their genome >10 6 times faster than their mammalian hosts (4), the latter would have succumbed to microbial infection were it not for their adaptive immune system that uses somatic gene rearrangement and mutation to counter the rapid diversification of microbes. keywords: antibodies; swine; virus cache: cord-004477-qu2o2iu1.txt plain text: cord-004477-qu2o2iu1.txt item: #87 of 1203 id: cord-004501-guiy89x8 author: Cojocaru, Florina-Daniela title: Nanomaterials Designed for Antiviral Drug Delivery Transport across Biological Barriers date: 2020-02-18 words: 14004 flesch: 30 summary: A reality for diagnosis of HCV infectious disease HIV biosensors for early diagnosis of infection: The intertwine of nanotechnology with sensing strategies Chitosan as a bioactive polymer: Processing, properties and applications Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1 and HSV-2) activity of biogenic gold and silver nanoparticles using seaweed Sargassum wightii A novel extracellular synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles using marine alga, Sargassum wightii Greville Broad-spectrum non-toxic antiviral nanoparticles with a virucidal inhibition mechanism Inhibition of Human Metapneumovirus Binding to Heparan Sulfate Blocks Infection in Human Lung Cells and Airway Tissues Pathogen Inhibition by Multivalent Ligand Architectures Surface-structureregulated cell-membrane penetration by monolayer-protected nanoparticles Antiherpes evaluation of soybean isoflavonoids Topical Delivery of Coumestrol from Lipid Nanoemulsions Thickened with Hydroxyethylcellulose for Antiherpes Treatment Lecithin based nanoemulsions: A comparative study of the influence of non-ionic surfactants and the cationic phytosphingosine on physicochemical behaviour and skin permeation Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nanosystems Designed for Drug Stability and Controlled Delivery Novel dendritic structure of alginate hybrid nanoparticles for effective anti-viral drug delivery Design of antiretroviral drug-polymeric nanoparticles laden buccal films for chronic HIV therapy in paediatrics Influence of Solvent Evaporation Technique Parameters on Diameter of Submicron Lamivudine-Poly-ε-Caprolactone Conjugate Particles Nanoencapsulation of water-soluble drug, lamivudine, using a double emulsion spray-drying technique for improving HIV treatment Formulation and characterisation of chitosan based lamivudine nanoparticles The Antiretroviral Agent Nelfinavir Mesylate: A Potential Therapy for Systemic Sclerosis Inhibition of HIV Fusion with Multivalent Gold Nanoparticles Gold Nanoparticles as an HIV Entry Inhibitor Gold nanoparticles to improve HIV drug delivery The role of nanotechnology in the treatment of viral infections Epaxal ® : A virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis A infection Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Modeling and Simulation Systems to Support the Development and Regulation of Liposomal Drugs Eleven years of Inflexal ® V-A virosomal adjuvanted influenza vaccine Package Insert PEG-IntronTM (Peginterferon alfa-2b) Powder for Injection, Schering Corporation Progress in Nanomedicine: Approved and Investigational Nanodrugs Tolerability and Immune Response to LC002, an Experimental Therapeutic Vaccine Bioavailability of MK-1439 Experimental Nano Formulations in Healthy Adults (MK-1439-046)-ClinicalTrials.gov There are several factors that hinder the development of antiviral drugs: • Dependence of viruses replication on host cell biosynthetic machinery keywords: activity; acv; antiviral; barrier; bbb; blood; brain; cell; costs; delivery; dna; drug; drug delivery; hiv; impact; infection; inhibitors; mechanism; membrane; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; nps; review; skin; studies; therapy; treatment; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-004501-guiy89x8.txt plain text: cord-004501-guiy89x8.txt item: #88 of 1203 id: cord-004608-3u00cpsc author: None title: Arboviren—durch Arthropoden übertragbare Viren: Stellungnahmen des Arbeitskreises Blut des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit und Soziale Sicherung date: 2004 words: 2800 flesch: 39 summary: Die Übertragung der Infektion durch nicht inaktivierte Blutkomponenten auf Für einige Viren, wie etwa West-Nil-Virus (WNV) und St.-Louis-Enzephalitis-Virus (SLEV), wurde nachgewiesen, dass die Virusvermehrung in den Mücken abhängig ist von der durchschnittlichen Umgebungstemperatur. keywords: arboviren; auf; bei; dass; der; die; durch; eine; erreger; für; infektionen; ist; mit; nicht; nile; oder; transmission; und; virus; von; werden; west; wnv cache: cord-004608-3u00cpsc.txt plain text: cord-004608-3u00cpsc.txt item: #89 of 1203 id: cord-004672-0lf5j8lo author: Anderson, Kevin title: Structural and physiological properties of mengovirus: Avirulent, hemagglutination-defective mutants express altered alpha (1 D) proteins and are adsorption-defective date: 1987 words: 5717 flesch: 53 summary: These data suggest that arrangement of structural proteins on the surface of mutant eapsids did not differ from that of wild-type. Differenees were deteeted among the alpha (1 D) structural proteins of the wild-type and mutant viruses. keywords: alpha; cells; mutant; proteins; species; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-004672-0lf5j8lo.txt plain text: cord-004672-0lf5j8lo.txt item: #90 of 1203 id: cord-004719-3stcx0dd author: Mushegian, A. R. title: Cell-to-cell movement of plant viruses: Insights from amino acid sequence comparisons of movement proteins and from analogies with cellular transport systems date: 1993 words: 6347 flesch: 38 summary: Also, as binding of movement proteins to RNA is thought not to be sequence-specific [14, 17] , it could be anticipated that the majority of movement protein will bind to cellular RNAs, which in the case of TMV infection are in excess over virus RNAs at the time when 30 kD protein is transiently expressed [18] . All the proteins containing the conserved motifs shown in Fig. 1 should be considered a single vast, and highly diverged superfamily of plant virus movement proteins. keywords: acid; amino; cell; mosaic; movement; movement proteins; plant; proteins; rna; sequence; virus; viruses cache: cord-004719-3stcx0dd.txt plain text: cord-004719-3stcx0dd.txt item: #91 of 1203 id: cord-004724-llex3yed author: Dea, S. A. title: Isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus among stillborn and post-weaning pigs in Quebec date: 1991 words: 2543 flesch: 40 summary: Vero cells were found to be more sensitive than BHK-21 cells and pig cell lines for primary isolation of EMC virus. The Quebec EMC virus isolates were highly virulent for mice and were antigenically related to reference strain of EMC virus as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, seroneutralization and Western immunoblotting. keywords: cell; emc; encephalomyocarditis; fetuses; piglets; quebec; virus cache: cord-004724-llex3yed.txt plain text: cord-004724-llex3yed.txt item: #92 of 1203 id: cord-004743-ido065mh author: Nagy, Éva title: Polypeptide patterns of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes fall into two categories date: 1979 words: 1071 flesch: 44 summary: key: cord-004743-ido065mh authors: Nagy, Éva; Lomniczi, B. title: Polypeptide patterns of infectious bronchitis virus serotypes fall into two categories date: 1979 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/bf01315022 sha: doc_id: 4743 cord_uid: ido065mh Molecular weights of six major polypeptides of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) are: 1. 75,000; 2. 50,000; 3. 45,000; 4. 35,000; 5. 28,000 or 24,000, and 6. 22,000 dalton. The polypeptide composition of avian infectious bronchitis virus Heterogeneity of infectious bronchitis virus grown in eggs Antigenic variation in strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus Serological comparison of strains of infectious bronchitis virus using plaque-purified isolants Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of bacteriophage T4 Characterization of infectious bronchitis virus Serologic differences between strains of infectious bronchitis virus from New ZeMand, Australia, and the United States Isolation of the virus of infectious bronchitis Genome of infectious bronchitis virus The polypeptide composition of avian infectious bronchitis virus particles Coronaviruses: a comparative review Characterization of the strueturM proteins of different strains of Newcastle disease virus Reproduction of togaviruses Presence of infectious polyadenylated I%NA in the eoronavirus avian bronchitis virus The evaluation of AKR leukemia virus purity: The requirement for both velocity and isopycnie eentrifugation methods The skillful technical assistance of Mrs. Sz. Sz6esy is appreciated. keywords: bronchitis; cent; strains; virus cache: cord-004743-ido065mh.txt plain text: cord-004743-ido065mh.txt item: #93 of 1203 id: cord-004751-4vl0cvyq author: Mostow, S. R. title: The behaviour in vitro of attenuated recombinant influenza viruses date: 1973 words: 2250 flesch: 54 summary: Attenuated influenza viruses have been produced recently by genetic recombination of avirulent laboratory-adapted strains and virulent parents (BEARE and HALL, 1971; McCAHo~ and SCHILD, 1972) . It has been shown that influenza viruses which have squired ts markers as a result of recombination with mutagen-treated strains are attenuated for man (C~ANOCK, personal communication) . keywords: epithelium; influenza; strains; virus; viruses cache: cord-004751-4vl0cvyq.txt plain text: cord-004751-4vl0cvyq.txt item: #94 of 1203 id: cord-004761-cgby8bhz author: Fuchs, N. title: Virus isolation and titration at 33‡ and 37‡ C date: 1975 words: 1160 flesch: 46 summary: Human amnion cells were used for parainfluenza, coxsackie A9 and echoviruses, HeLa cells for the remainder of virus types. In a recently published detailed series on respiratory viruses (Jackson and Muldoon, 1973 ) keywords: cultures; specimens; temperature; viruses cache: cord-004761-cgby8bhz.txt plain text: cord-004761-cgby8bhz.txt item: #95 of 1203 id: cord-004771-4yinnncj author: Tajima, M. title: Morphology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of pigs: A possible member of coronaviruses date: 1970 words: 606 flesch: 45 summary: key: cord-004771-4yinnncj authors: Tajima, M. title: Morphology of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of pigs: A possible member of coronaviruses date: 1970 journal: Arch Gesamte Virusforsch DOI: 10.1007/bf01253886 sha: doc_id: 4771 cord_uid: 4yinnncj nan Moderate numbers of virus particles were observed in preparations made from the infected culture fluid. Recovery in tracheal organ cultures of novel viruses from patients with respiratory disease NNINGHA~: Morphogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in chicken embryo fibroblasts Structure of swine gastroenteritis virus examined by negative staining Die Tenazit~it des Virus der infekti5sen Gastroenteritis der Schweine Electron microscopy and ether sen-'sitivity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine EASTERDAY: Isolation and propagation of the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs in various pig cell cultures. keywords: gastroenteritis; virus cache: cord-004771-4yinnncj.txt plain text: cord-004771-4yinnncj.txt item: #96 of 1203 id: cord-004774-fvf671jn author: Kjeldsberg, Elisabeth title: Detection of astroviruses in gut contents of nude and normal mice date: 1985 words: 1609 flesch: 52 summary: In this note we report the detection of astrovirus-like partieles in gut contents from nude mice, with and without clinical signs of illness, and from normal symptomless mice in association with an outbreak of diarrhea. No attempt was made to quantify the amount of virus in the samples, but there appeared to be a higher number of virus particles in the samples from animals with diarrhea than from those without. keywords: animals; diarrhea; mice; particles; virus cache: cord-004774-fvf671jn.txt plain text: cord-004774-fvf671jn.txt item: #97 of 1203 id: cord-004775-foaf3vyl author: Weiss, Marianne title: The proposed family toroviridae: Agents of enteric infections date: 1987 words: 3949 flesch: 52 summary: Pronase and B. subtilis proteinase reduced BEV virus infectivity whereas treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin remained without effect. Bacilliform viruses with a rodlike core are On the right electron mierographs of BEV particles, on the left schematic interpretations of the viral structures seen in the corresponding photographs are shown, a Virion with a toroidal core within a circular particle out, line. keywords: bev; breda; brv; cells; particles; protein; virus; viruses cache: cord-004775-foaf3vyl.txt plain text: cord-004775-foaf3vyl.txt item: #98 of 1203 id: cord-004781-ajf9zig0 author: Ray, N. B. title: Rabies viruses infect primary cultures of murine, feline, and human microglia and astrocytes date: 2014-03-07 words: 2343 flesch: 39 summary: In the present study, as an initial step toward evaluation of the potential involvement of these glial cells in rabies virus infections, we have directly examined the ability of different rabies virus strains and isolates to infect and replicate in primary cultures of microglia and astrocytes. Natural anatomical relations and cellular interactions within the central nervous system are known to be important for rabies virus infection of The arrow identi®es a cell that was infected, but did not stain with GFAP glial cells in vivo keywords: astrocytes; cells; cultures; microglia; rabies; virus cache: cord-004781-ajf9zig0.txt plain text: cord-004781-ajf9zig0.txt item: #99 of 1203 id: cord-004827-bnf3mvaf author: Desselberger, U. title: Report on an ICTV-sponsored symposium on Virus Evolution date: 2005-01-13 words: 2768 flesch: 43 summary: The viruses and their replication Molecular evidence of HIV-1 transmission in a criminal case The nonclonal and transitory nature of HIV in vivo Don't forget about viruses Topological organization of picornaviral genomes: Statistical prediction of RNA structural signals New real-time reverse transcriptase-initiated PCR assay with single-copy sensitivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in plasma Reproducible nonlinear population dynamics and critical points during replicative competitions of RNA virus quasispecies Retroids in Archaea: phylogeny and lateral origins The structure of a thermophilic archaeal virus shows a double stranded DNA viral capsid that spans all domains of life Generation of coronavirus spike deletion variants by high-frequency recombination at regions of predicted RNA secondary structure Evolutionary history of Cucumber mosaic virus deduced by phylogenetic analyses Plant RNA virus evolution Synchronous loss of quasispecies memory in parallel viral lineages: a deterministic feature of viral quasispecies Lethal mutagenesis of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) New Haven CT 30. A new model for coronavirus transcription Genetic diversity in RNA virus quasispecies is controlled by host-virus interaction Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage Of statistics and genomes VP1 of infectious bursal disease virus is an RNA dependent RNA polymerase The 3C-like proteinase of an invertebrate nidovirus links coronavirus and potyvirus homologs On finding all suboptimal foldings of an RNA molecule Prediction of RNA secondary structure by energy minimization Parc d'Innovation, Boulevard Sébastian Brandt, 67400 Illkirch, France. keywords: cell; evolution; genome; hiv; quasispecies; recombination; rna; structure; virus; viruses cache: cord-004827-bnf3mvaf.txt plain text: cord-004827-bnf3mvaf.txt item: #100 of 1203 id: cord-004830-vmka378d author: Cursiefen, Dagmar title: In vitro cultivation of cells from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos date: 1975 words: 2556 flesch: 51 summary: Die Anwendung der indirekten H~magglutinationsreaktion ffir den Nachweis des RNP-Antigens und von hiillspezifischen Antigenen Cultivation of influenza virus in the chorioallantoic membrane of deembryonated eggs Inclusion body formation with Newcastle Disease and Mumps viruses in cultures of chick embryo cells The differentiation of the viruses of fowl-plague and Newcastle Disease: experiments using the technique of chorio-allantoic membrane inoculation of the developing egg A histochemical study of epithelial mucin in the chick chorio-allantois Physical and biological properties in influenza virus components obtained after ether treatment Comparison of the infectivity of influenza viruses in two host systems. In an attempt to plaque-purify and to quantitatc some strains of influenza viruses and of avian reoviruses we succeeded to cultivate cells from the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. keywords: cells; chick; influenza; plaques; strain; virus cache: cord-004830-vmka378d.txt plain text: cord-004830-vmka378d.txt item: #101 of 1203 id: cord-004841-wf0o3whi author: Sibalin, M. title: Herpesvirus strigis, a new avian herpesvirus: II. Biochemical and biophysical properties date: 1974 words: 1904 flesch: 49 summary: All these biochemical and biophysical data lead to classification of HSIS virus into the genus herpesvirus. As evident from Figure 8 , the titer of HSIS virus in normal culture medium increased steadily over an observation period of 96 hours. keywords: herpesvirus; hsis; strigis; virus cache: cord-004841-wf0o3whi.txt plain text: cord-004841-wf0o3whi.txt item: #102 of 1203 id: cord-004848-2cfphi88 author: Carter, M. J. title: Transcription of feline calicivirus RNA date: 1990 words: 3361 flesch: 56 summary: [10] employing oligo-dT as primer for the reverse transcription of 2 gg of virus RNA. We have used this to probe FCV-infected cells for the synthesis of virus specific RNA and confirm and extend the observations of Neill and Mengeling. keywords: end; fcv; genome; rna; rnas; sense; sequence; virus cache: cord-004848-2cfphi88.txt plain text: cord-004848-2cfphi88.txt item: #103 of 1203 id: cord-004998-wuixnqy5 author: Arnold, W. title: Identic viral infections in four cases of malignant lymphoepithelioma date: 1978 words: 422 flesch: 38 summary: Ultrastructure of animal viruses and bacteriophages Lymphoblastoid transformation and presence of herpes-type viral particles in a Chinese nasopharyngeal tumor cultured in vitro Observations of the fine structure of mature herpes simplex virus and on the composition of its nucleoid Prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by Epstein-Barr virus antibody titer Epstein-Barr virus associated with episodes of recurrent tonsillitis They have attributes in common with nucleocapsids of herpes virus as they show a dense core and a single surrounding membrane. keywords: herpes; virus cache: cord-004998-wuixnqy5.txt plain text: cord-004998-wuixnqy5.txt item: #104 of 1203 id: cord-005081-kxrzv16n author: Kiselev, O. I. title: Progress in the development of pandemic influenza vaccines and their production technologies date: 2010-11-12 words: 7266 flesch: 42 summary: The state-of-the-art technologies provide safety not only at the laboratories where vaccine viruses are constructed but also make the production process wholly safe. The main task of protecting the population against influenza pandemics requires state-of-the-art approaches to the construction of influenza vaccines to be based on reassortment and genetic engineering techniques, including the analysis of primary structures of influenza viral genes, synthesis and cloning of the main viral genes, reverse genetics techniques, and banks of plasmids bearing basic viral genes. keywords: antigens; cells; influenza; influenza vaccines; influenza virus; obtaining; pandemic; production; protein; strains; technologies; vaccines; vectors; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-005081-kxrzv16n.txt plain text: cord-005081-kxrzv16n.txt item: #105 of 1203 id: cord-005246-cskb0njm author: Ludwig, George V. title: Insect-transmitted vertebrate viruses: Flaviviridae date: 1993 words: 8062 flesch: 33 summary: epidemics and research in the last forty years and prospects for the future Vaecinia virus expression vectors Togavirus morphology and morphogenesis Possible involvement of receptors in the entry of Kunjin virus into vero cells Nucleotide sequence of the virulent SA-14 strain of Japanese encephalitis virus and its attenuated vaccine derivative Construction of poxviruses as cloning vectors: insertion of the thymidine kinase gene from herpes simplex virus into the DNA of infectious vaccinia virus Preliminary analysis ofmurine cytotoxic T cell responses to the proteins of the flavivirus Kunjin using vaccinia virus expression Recombinant vaccinia virus producing the prM and E proteins of yellow fever virus protects mice from lethal yellow fever encephalitis Persistent infection of vero cells by the flavivirus Murray Valley encephalitis virus Protection of mice against yellow fever virus encephalitis by immunization with a vaccinia virus recombinant encoding the yellow fever virus non-structural proteins, NS1, NS2a, and NS2b Establishment and characterization of St. Louis encephalitis virus persistent infections in Aedes and Culex mosquito cell lines Acidotropic amines inhibit proteolytic processing of flavivirus prM protein Transc~ription of infectious yellow fever RNA from full-length cDNA templates produced by in vitro ligation Structure of the flavivirus genome Humoral immune response to the entire human immunodeficieney virus glycoprotein made in insect cells Chemical and antigenie structure of flaviviruses Distinction of influenza viruses of different host cell origin Replication of Togaviridae and Flaviviridae Studies on yellow fever in Ethiopia. (95) made an infectious clone of the 17D yellow fever vaccine virus in an effort to produce a homogenous population of vaccine virus and to help elucidate the mechanisms for vaccine attenuation. keywords: antigenic; cells; culture; dengue; development; encephalitis; fever; flavivirus; hosts; infection; insect; mosquito; proteins; transmission; vaccine; vertebrate; virus; viruses cache: cord-005246-cskb0njm.txt plain text: cord-005246-cskb0njm.txt item: #106 of 1203 id: cord-005258-gps8rzb5 author: Liu, William J. title: The triphibious warfare against viruses date: 2017-12-01 words: 1618 flesch: 28 summary: The majority of emerging infectious diseases in human beings are zoonotic, which indicates the fundamental role of wildlife, especially rodents and bats, as the reservoirs of emerging viruses (Olival et The accumulation of massive genome data based on next-generation sequencing of the emerging and re-merging viruses provides an opportunity for conducting a pathogen genomic surveillance to elucidate the origin, transmission, and evolution of emerging viruses. keywords: china; et al; influenza; viruses cache: cord-005258-gps8rzb5.txt plain text: cord-005258-gps8rzb5.txt item: #107 of 1203 id: cord-005281-wy0zk9p8 author: Blinov, V. M. title: Viral component of the human genome date: 2017-05-09 words: 6592 flesch: 37 summary: The reverse process, i.e., the acquisition of host genes or shorter sequences by viruses, is also possible, although viral genomes obviously have a lower abso-lute capacity for storing the acquired material. However, these relations are in fact two-sided and involve modifications of both the virus and host genomes. keywords: cells; dna; elements; genes; genome; host; host genome; human; insertions; retroviruses; rna; sequences; virus; viruses cache: cord-005281-wy0zk9p8.txt plain text: cord-005281-wy0zk9p8.txt item: #108 of 1203 id: cord-005876-d8sid7gd author: Varnholt, V. title: ARDS infolge schwerer RSV-Infektion Therapeutische Optionen: Therapeutische Optionen date: 1996 words: 2399 flesch: 46 summary: Eine vorbestehende BPD stellt keine Kontraindikation fü r den Einsatz von HFOV, NO und ECMO dar, wie unsere Ergebnisse und Berichte in der Literatur dem klinischen Zustand des Patienten zu entscheiden; bei nicht akuter Hypoxie kann aber mit dem Einsatz von ECMO etwa 1 Woche lang abgewartet werden, ob nicht mit anderen Maßnahmen eine Besserung eintritt keywords: auch; bei; den; der; des; die; ecmo; eine; hfov; mit; nach; nicht; patienten; rsv; treatment; und; virus; von cache: cord-005876-d8sid7gd.txt plain text: cord-005876-d8sid7gd.txt item: #109 of 1203 id: cord-005885-r3qtoqu1 author: Hellmich, Luisa title: Exantheme nach Auslandsreisen date: 2019-10-09 words: 2652 flesch: 40 summary: [8] . Eine Zika-Virus-Infektion verläuft nur in etwa 20 % der Fälle symptomatisch. Das Virus war durch einen Fernreisenden aus Indien eingeschleppt worden und hatte sich dann in einer in der Toskana heimischen Aedes-albopictus-Population ausgebreitet keywords: auf; bei; bis; chikungunya; das; dengue; der; die; eine; fieber; für; infektion; ist; mit; nach; sich; sind; und; virus; von; zika cache: cord-005885-r3qtoqu1.txt plain text: cord-005885-r3qtoqu1.txt item: #110 of 1203 id: cord-006089-08g206kf author: Stevens, James title: Glycan microarray technologies: tools to survey host specificity of influenza viruses date: 2006-10-02 words: 6098 flesch: 28 summary: (Reply) Cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A/(H5N1) reported to WHO Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential Human and avian influenza viruses target different cell types in cultures of human airway epithelium Avian flu: influenza virus receptors in the human airway Influenza virus strains selectively recognize sialyloligosaccharides on human respiratory epithelium; the role of the host cell in selection of hemagglutinin receptor specificity H5N1 virus attachment to lower respiratory tract Differences between influenza virus receptors on target cells of duck and chicken Quail carry sialic acid receptors compatible with binding of avian and human influenza viruses Avian H5N1 influenza in cats Avian influenza H5N1 in tigers and leopards Bird flu spreads among Java's pigs Feline friend or potential foe? Substituted sialic acid prosthetic groups as determinants of viral hemagglutination Receptor determinants of human and animal influenza virus isolates: differences in receptor specificity of the H3 hemagglutinin based on species of origin The hemagglutinins of the human influenza viruses A and B recognize different receptor microdomains Receptor binding properties of human and animal H1 influenza virus isolates A single amino acid substitution in 1918 influenza virus hemagglutinin changes receptor binding specificity A solid-phase enzyme-linked assay for influenza virus receptorbinding activity Binding of influenza virus hemagglutinin to analogs of its cell-surface receptor, sialic acid: analysis by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography Cell surface biology mediated by low affinity multivalent protein-glycan interactions Synthesis of polymeric neoglycoconjugates based on N-substituted polyacrylamides Specification of receptorbinding phenotypes of influenza virus isolates from different hosts using synthetic sialylglycopolymers: non-egg-adapted human H1 and H3 influenza A and influenza B viruses share a common high binding affinity for 6′-sialyl(N-acetyllactosamine) Avian influenza This Perspective article discusses existing methods that are used to study influenza virus receptor specificity and then introduces recently described glycan microarray technologies that are used to study the glycan-binding properties of several influenza virus HAs, including a current H5 HA. Methods to assess HA receptor specificity One important aspect of surveillance is to determine whether a particular avian influenza virus strain is adapting to human receptors. keywords: avian; binding; cells; glycan; h5n1; human; influenza; receptor; specificity; virus; viruses cache: cord-006089-08g206kf.txt plain text: cord-006089-08g206kf.txt item: #111 of 1203 id: cord-006106-u5npu6ng author: Attoui, H. title: Genus Coltivirus (family Reoviridae): genomic and morphologic characterization of Old World and New World viruses date: 2002 words: 7025 flesch: 45 summary: According to the standard designation of segments in which numbers are assigned in a decreasing order of size (S1 being the largest and S12 the smallest), there is one change in homologous EYA virus and CTF virus segments: segment 6 of EYA virus strain Fr578 is homologous to segment 7 of CTF virus strain Florio and vice versa. PCR primers were designed from the sequences of the first, sixth, seventh and twelfth genome segments of CTF virus and EYA virus (primer sequences are shown in Table 1 ). keywords: acid; amino; coltivirus; ctf virus; eya virus; family; fever; genus; reoviridae; segments; sequence; strain; tick; virus; virus strain; viruses cache: cord-006106-u5npu6ng.txt plain text: cord-006106-u5npu6ng.txt item: #112 of 1203 id: cord-006129-5rog0s98 author: Hemida, Maged Gomaa title: Exploiting the Therapeutic Potential of MicroRNAs in Viral Diseases: Expectations and Limitations date: 2012-08-16 words: 7449 flesch: 39 summary: [12] We will discuss the roles and therapeutic potential of cellular as well as viral miRNAs (if any) in the pathogenesis and treatment of different viral diseases. HPyVs are able to encode viral miRNAs for their own benefit. keywords: cellular; diseases; expression; gene; host; human; immune; infection; micrornas; mirnas; replication; target; targeting; virus; viruses cache: cord-006129-5rog0s98.txt plain text: cord-006129-5rog0s98.txt item: #113 of 1203 id: cord-006252-cbelsymu author: Gross, Peter A. title: Current Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Influenza in the Older Population date: 2012-11-18 words: 7667 flesch: 45 summary: Experiences in the use and efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in nursing homes Impact of epidemic type A influenza in a defined adult population Underestimation of the role of pneumonia and influenza in causing excess mortality Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine among non-institutionalized elderly persons Resistance of influenza A virus to amantadine and rimantadine: results of one decade of surveillance Antibody induced by influenza vaccines in the elderly: a review of the literature Influenza vaccination in community elderly: a controlled trial of postcard reminders Clinical manifestations and consequences of influenza Antimicrobial agents: antiviral agents Immunizations for health care workers and patients in hospitals Survey of underlying conditions of persons hospitalized with acute respiratory disease during influenza epidemics in Houston Lack of effect of influenza vaccine on theophylline levels and warfarin anticoagulation in the elderly The effect of split virus influenza vaccination on theophylline pharmacokinetics Association of in fluenza immunization with reduction in mortality in an elderly References Experiences in the use and efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in nursing homes Impact of epidemic type A influenza in a defined adult population Underestimation of the role of pneumonia and influenza in causing excess mortality Effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccine among non-institutionalized elderly persons Resistance of influenza A virus to amantadine and rimantadine: results of one decade of surveillance Antibody induced by influenza vaccines in the elderly: a review of the literature Influenza vaccination in community elderly: a controlled trial of postcard reminders Clinical manifestations and consequences of influenza Antimicrobial agents: antiviral agents Immunizations for health care workers and patients in hospitals Survey of underlying conditions of persons hospitalized with acute respiratory disease during influenza epidemics in Houston Lack of effect of influenza vaccine on theophylline levels and warfarin anticoagulation in the elderly The effect of split virus influenza vaccination on theophylline pharmacokinetics Association of in fluenza immunization with reduction in mortality in an elderly population: a prospective study Immunization of elderly people with high doses of influenza vaccine Relation of chronic disease and immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly Immunization of elderly people with two doses of influenza vaccine Effect of influenza vaccine on serum anticonvulsant concentrations And addendum clarification Economical laboratory support system for influenza virus surveillance Prevention and control of influenza: role of vaccine Economic impact of influenza: the individual's perspective Prevention and Treatment of Influenza population: a prospective study Immunization of elderly people with high doses of influenza vaccine Relation of chronic disease and immune response to influenza vaccine in the elderly Immunization of elderly people with two doses of influenza vaccine Effect of influenza vaccine on serum anticonvulsant concentrations Epidemiologic implications of changes in the influenza virus genome T-cell recognition of influenza viral antigens Impact of influenza epidemic on mortality in the United States from Frequency of adverse reactions to influenza vaccine in the elderly Frequency of adverse reactions after influenza vaccine Effects of influenza virus vaccine on hepatic drug metabolism keywords: amantadine; care; influenza; influenza vaccine; influenza virus; persons; risk; vaccine; virus cache: cord-006252-cbelsymu.txt plain text: cord-006252-cbelsymu.txt item: #114 of 1203 id: cord-006285-kkxdmzk9 author: Smirnova, S. S. title: Long-Term Maintenance of the Functional Changes Induced by Influenza A Virus and/or LPS in Human Endothelial ECV-304 Cell Sublines date: 2019-08-26 words: 4695 flesch: 33 summary: An increase in endothelial cell migration in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used as an indicator of the conversion of endothelial cells into activated fibroblasts via the endothelial to mesenchymal transition (Sarmiento et al., 2014) . It has been demonstrated that, in the course of long-term culturing (six passages) after exposure to pathogenic agents (influenza virus and/or LPS), endothelial cells maintain changes in their migratory activity, permeability, and expression of mRNA for cytokines TNFα and TGFβ (along with the changes in their proliferation activity, which has been demonstrated earlier). keywords: activity; cells; endothelial; expression; influenza; lps; sublines; virus cache: cord-006285-kkxdmzk9.txt plain text: cord-006285-kkxdmzk9.txt item: #115 of 1203 id: cord-006640-25ykas09 author: Fedson, David S. title: What treating Ebola means for pandemic influenza date: 2018-07-16 words: 5827 flesch: 40 summary: WHO Ethics Working Group Meeting Ethics review of studies during public health emergencies-the experience of the WHO ethics review committee during the Ebola virus disease epidemic A systematic review of Ebola treatment trials to assess the extent to which they adhere to ethical guidelines Combating corruption in global health Clinical trials during epidemics WHO R&D Blueprint: a global coordination mechanism for R&D preparedness Toward a common secure future: four global commissions in the wake of Ebola Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!) It was the understanding of the physician who donated the drugs that government ministers, the Office of National Security, the Pharmacy Board of Sierra Leone (PBSL), and local physicians would be responsible for the scientific and ethical guidance that would govern Ebola treatment. keywords: drugs; ebola; health; influenza; officials; pandemic; patients; response; treatment; virus cache: cord-006640-25ykas09.txt plain text: cord-006640-25ykas09.txt item: #116 of 1203 id: cord-006790-lye0qjw8 author: Song, R. title: Surveillance of the first case of human avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Beijing, China date: 2013-10-16 words: 2783 flesch: 50 summary: Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO Guideline on prevention and control of avian influenza A (H7N9) Oseltamivir in seasonal, pandemic, and avian influenza: a comprehensive review of 10-years clinical experience Clinical course of avian influenza A (H5N1) in patients at the Persahabatan Hospital Influenza A/H5N1 virus infection in humans in Cambodia Influenza A H5N1 replication sites in humans Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma Risk factors associated with subclinical human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus-Cambodia Prevalence of antibodies against avian influenza A (H5N1) virus among cullers and poultry workers in Ho Chi Minh City Measurement of antibodies to avian influenza virus A(H7N7) in humans by hemagglutination inhibition test Serosurvey against H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses in Italian poultry workers Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets Hostrange determinants on the PB2 protein of influenza A viruses control the interaction between the viral polymerase and nucleoprotein in human cells We report here the first documented study on asymptomatic infection with avian influenza virus that was identified by the detection of viral RNA rather than on the results of retrospective assays of antibodies against avian influenza virus [13] keywords: case; h7n9; index; infection; influenza; onset; virus cache: cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt plain text: cord-006790-lye0qjw8.txt item: #117 of 1203 id: cord-006819-sxz1s6kz author: Daniel Givens, M. title: Infectious causes of embryonic and fetal mortality date: 2008-05-27 words: 7667 flesch: 44 summary: Abortion following infection with serovar pomona occurs in the last trimester, whereas abortion caused by serovar hardjo occurs from 4 months of gestation to term. capricolum Isolation of Mycoplasma mycoides, mycoides (LC variant), from two naturally aborted caprine fetuses Abortion and early neonatal death of kids attributed to intrauterine Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection Multiple abortions associated with caprine herpesvirus infection in a goat herd Abortion and ulcerative posthitis associated with caprine herpesvirus-1 infection in goats in California Caprine herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in a goat herd in Quebec Serologic and reproductive findings after a herpesvirus-1 abortion storm in goats Toxoplasma gondii-induced abortion in dairy goats Abortion and death in goats inoculated with Sarcocystis sporocysts from coyote feces Bacterial, rickettsial, protozoal, and fungal causes of infertility and abortion in swine Diseases of swine Streptococcus suis type II-associated diseases in swine: observations of a one-year study Miscellaneous bacterial infections Actinobacillus suis, a potential cause of abortion in gilts and low parity sows Exploratory study of Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) on four commercial pig farms in southern Brazil Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (porcine arterivirus) keywords: abortion; animals; birth; cause; death; disease; fever; gestation; infection; organism; reproductive; signs; transmission; virus; zoonotic cache: cord-006819-sxz1s6kz.txt plain text: cord-006819-sxz1s6kz.txt item: #118 of 1203 id: cord-006892-n2ncamqh author: Donaldson, Braeden title: Virus-like particle vaccines: immunology and formulation for clinical translation date: 2018-09-19 words: 9783 flesch: 25 summary: Novelty, adaptability and formulation compatibility may prove invaluable in helping place VLP vaccines at the forefront of vaccination technology. Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to outline the diversity of VLP vaccines, VLP-specific immune responses, and to explore how modern formulation and delivery techniques can enhance the clinical relevance and overall success of VLP vaccines. keywords: administration; antibodies; antigen; cells; delivery; development; expression; formulation; human; immune; influenza; particles; pathways; presentation; production; response; vaccination; vaccine; virus; vlp; vlp vaccines cache: cord-006892-n2ncamqh.txt plain text: cord-006892-n2ncamqh.txt item: #119 of 1203 id: cord-006954-ec9x8thb author: Aznar, María title: Viral nanomechanics with a virtual atomic force microscope date: 2018-07-04 words: 9036 flesch: 46 summary: Principles of Virology: Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis and Control of Animal Viruses DNA packaging and ejection forces in bacteriophage Proc Osmotic shock and the strength of viral capsids Forces during bacteriophage DNA packaging and ejection Osmotic pressure inhibition of DNA ejection from phage Proc The bacteriophage φ29 portal motor can package DNA against a large internal force Direct measurement of phage φ29 stiffness provides evidence of internal pressure Small Nanoindentation studies of full and empty viral capsids and the effects of capsid protein mutations on elasticity and strength Proc Failure of viral shells Bacteriophage capsids: tough nanoshells with complex elastic properties Proc Mechanical properties of viruses analyzed by atomic force microscopy: a virological perspective Structure and Physics of Viruses Atomic force microscopy observation and characterization of single virions and virus-like particles by nano-indentation Curr Discrete fracture patterns of virus shells reveal mechanical building blocks Proc Monitoring dynamics of human adenovirus disassembly induced by mechanical fatigue Sci Squeezing protein shells: how continuum elastic models, molecular dynamics simulations, and experiments coalesce at the nanoscale Cargoshell and cargo-cargo couplings govern the mechanics of artificially loaded virus-derived cages Nanoscale DNAmediated anisotropic mechanical reinforcement of a virus Proc Internal DNA pressure modifies stability of WT phage Proc Mechanics of viral chromatin reveals the pressurization of human adenovirus ACS Nano Exceptional mechanical and structural stability of HSV-1 unveiled with fluid atomic force microscopy Scaffold expulsion and genome packaging trigger stabilization of herpes simplex virus capsids Proc Mechanical properties of murine leukemia virus particles: effect of maturation A stiffness switch in human immunodeficiency virus Mechanics of bacteriophage maturation Proc. Shape and size effects Relevance of capsid structure in the buckling and maturation of spherical viruses Mechanical deformation of spherical viruses with icosahedral symmetry Elastic properties and mechanical stability of chiral and filled viral capsids Exploring the symmetry and mechanism of virus capsid maturation via an ensemble of pathways On the morphology of viral capsids: elastic properties and buckling transitions Virus shapes and buckling transitions in spherical shells Elasticity theory and shape transitions of viral shells Diversity and identity of mechanical properties of icosahedral viral capsids studied with elastic network normal mode analysis Elucidating the mechanism behind irreversible deformation of viral capsids Generation of random numbers on graphics processors: forced indentation in silico of the bacteriophage HK97 Structural transitions and energy landscape for cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid mechanics from nanomanipulation in vitro and in silico Nanoindentation of virus capsids in a molecular model Nanoindentation of 35 virus capsids in a molecular model: relating mechanical properties to structure Mechanical properties of the icosahedral shell of southern bean mosaic virus: a molecular dynamics study Stability of norwalk virus capsid protein interfaces evaluated by in silico nanoindentation Front Physical ingredients controlling stability and structural selection of empty viral capsids Origin of icosahedral symmetry in viruses Proc Coarse-grained modeling of the assembly and mechanical properties of viruses Theory of conformational transitions of viral shells Assembly of viral capsids, buckling, and the Asaro-Grinfeld-Tiller instability Buckling transition in icosahedral shells subjected to volume conservation constraint and pressure: relations to virus maturation Soft modes near the buckling transition of icosahedral shells Theoretical study of the initial stages of self-assembly of a carboxysomes facet The thermodynamics of virus capsid assembly Methods Enzymol Energetics of quasiequivalence: computational analysis of protein-protein interactions in icosahedral viruses Physical principles in the construction of regular viruses Cold Spring Harbor Symp VIPERdb 2: an enhanced and web API enabled relational database for structural virology Nucl Contact mechanics of a small icosahedral virus Maturation of phage T7 involves structural modification of both shell and inner core components Virus maturation: dynamics and mechanism of a stabilizing structural transition that leads to infectivity Molecular rearrangements involved in the capsid shell maturation of bacteriophage T7 We thank Pedro J de Pablo and Antoni Luque for fruitful discussions. keywords: afm; capsid; experiments; force; indentation; nanoindentation; shell; simulations; tip; virus; viruses cache: cord-006954-ec9x8thb.txt plain text: cord-006954-ec9x8thb.txt item: #120 of 1203 id: cord-006997-sghhdjyi author: Rowland, M.G.M. title: Viruses and diarrhoea in West Africa and London: a collaborative study date: 1978-01-17 words: 1759 flesch: 47 summary: It is nevertheless likely that rotaviruses and other viruses associated with diarrhoea are present at some time in this community and we are collecting specimens throughout the year to look for them, and a serological survey is also needed. Only one in six (12 %) had bacterial pathogens, i.e. Salmonella, Shigella or pathogenic types of E. coli; of the remainder a high proportion, 60%, were excreting enteroviruses; rotaviruses were not found at all, though a small proportion were shedding particles resembling coronaviruses or small isometric viruses. keywords: children; diarrhoea; viruses cache: cord-006997-sghhdjyi.txt plain text: cord-006997-sghhdjyi.txt item: #121 of 1203 id: cord-007094-ur9sz21s author: Mahabir, Esther title: Rodent and Germplasm Trafficking: Risks of Microbial Contamination in a High-Tech Biomedical World date: 2008-01-01 words: 6262 flesch: 26 summary: GV-SOLAS Annual Meeting Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals Establishing an appropriate period of acclimatization following transportation of laboratory animals Maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells persistently infected with murine coronavirus Naturally occurring murine norovirus infection in a large research institution Risk assessment of mouse hepatitis virus infection via in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer by the use of zona-intact and laser-microdissected oocytes Rederivation of inbred strains of mice by means of embryo transfer Tissue distribution and duration of mouse hepatitis virus in naturally infected immunocompetent ICR (CD-1) and immunodeficient athymic nude-nu mouse strains used for ovarian transplantation and in vitro fertilization Helicobacter typhlonius was detected in the sex organs of three mouse strains but did not transmit vertically Prevalence of naturally occurring viral infections, Mycoplasma pulmonis and Clostridium piliforme in laboratory rodents in Western Europe screened from Cryopreservation of transgenic mouse lines Manual of the International Embryo Transfer Society Rederivation of mice by means of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer Guidance on the transport of laboratory animals Rescue of a transgenic mouse line by transplantation of a frozen-thawed ovary obtained postmortem Failure to infect embryos after virus injection in mouse zygotes Sendai (parainfluenza 1) infection of mouse eggs Rederivation of transgenic and genetargeted mice by embryo transfer Constructing the mammalian egg zona pellucida: Some new pieces of an old puzzle Resynchronization of the circadian corticosterone rhythm after a light/dark shift in juvenile and adult mice Production of normal young following transfer of mouse embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved spermatozoa Transmission of mouse minute virus (MVM) but not mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) following embryo transfer with experimentally exposed in vivo-derived embryos Prevalence of mouse norovirus (MNV) in a large breeding and experimental mouse facility. keywords: animals; cells; embryos; et al; laboratory; live; mice; mouse; murine; spermatozoa; transfer; virus; viruses cache: cord-007094-ur9sz21s.txt plain text: cord-007094-ur9sz21s.txt item: #122 of 1203 id: cord-007149-m4xsx9ev author: Morahan, Pages S title: VIRUSES AND THE VERSATILE MACROPHAGE date: 1985-01-17 words: 6133 flesch: 35 summary: The activity of low levels of specific antibody can be amplified by MP-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) for virus infected cells. 8 ' 9 Unfortunately, there have been few studies of the extrinsic interaction of pure cultures of bone-marrow-derived M (BMDMcfi), M clones or M-like cell lines with virus infected cells. keywords: cell; infection; interactions; lines; macrophages; mouse; non; replication; resistance; role; virus; viruses cache: cord-007149-m4xsx9ev.txt plain text: cord-007149-m4xsx9ev.txt item: #123 of 1203 id: cord-007170-svsfu7fj author: Richt, J. A. title: Infection with Borna Disease Virus: Molecular and Immunobiological Characterization of the Agent date: 1992-06-17 words: 6144 flesch: 39 summary: Eine vergleichend-pathologische Studie Axonal transport of Borna disease virus along olfactory pathways in spontaneously and experimentally infected rats Seroepidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Bornaschen Krankheit (Ansteckende Gehirn-Riickenmarkentziindung) der Pferde Borna disease: a persistent virus infection of the central nervous system Preliminary studies on the biology of Borna disease virus Molecular characterization of the Borna disease agent Isolation and characterisation of Borna disease agent cDNA clones A Borna virus cDNA encoding a protein recognized by antibodies in humans with behavioral diseases Analysis of Borna disease virus-specific RNAs in infected cells and tissues Replication of Borna disease virus in cell cultures Influence of interferon on persistent infection caused by Borna disease virus in vitro Borna disease, a possible hazard for man? Isolation and characterization of a 14500 molecular weight protein from brains and tissue cultures persistently infected with Borna disease virus Purification and properties of an intranuclear virus-specific antigen from tissues infected with Borna disease virus Atypical dissemination of the highly neurotropic Borna disease virus during persistent infection in cyclosporin A-treated, immunosuppressed rats Antigenetic relationship and further characterization of two major Borna disease virus proteins Behavioral disease in rats caused by immunopathological responses to persistent Borna virus in the brain Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: immune-mediated viral ophthalmoencephalopathy causing blindness and behavioral abnormalities Pathogenesis of Borna disease in rats: evidence that intraaxonal spread is the major route for virus dissemination and the determinant for disease incubation Molecular and immunopathological studies of Borna disease virus infection in rats Coronaviruses and their replication Coronavirus transcription: subgenomic mouse hepatitis virus replicative intermediates function in RNA synthesis Minus-strand copies of replicating coronavirus Clinical and histological findings Persistent Borna virus infection in adult hamsters Adaptation of Borna disease virus to the mouse Astrocytes and Schwann cells are virus-host cells in the nervous system of rats with Borna disease Determination of immune cells and expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen in encephalitic lesions of experimental Borna disease Replication of Borna disease virus in rats: age-dependent differences in tissue distribution Effect of Borna disease virus infection on athymic rats Inhibition of immunemediated meningoencephalitis in persistently Borna disease virusinfected rats by cyclosporine A Spread of infectious virus along the optic nerve into the retina in Borna disease virus-infected rabbits Borna disease virus-induced meningoencephalomyelitis caused by a virus-specific CD4+ T cell-mediated immune reaction Escape from lethal disease in rats after Borna disease virus infection: survival with obesity syndrome Influence of immunosuppressive treatment on Borna disease in rabbits Borna disease, a progressive meningoencephalomyelitis as a model for CD4 + T cell-mediated immunopathology in the brain Viral particles induce la antigen expression on astrocytes Tumor necrosis factor amplifies measles virus-mediated la induction on astrocytes Narayan 0, Oldstone MBA. keywords: animals; antibodies; bdv; borna; brain; cells; cns; disease; infection; inoculation; rats; virus cache: cord-007170-svsfu7fj.txt plain text: cord-007170-svsfu7fj.txt item: #124 of 1203 id: cord-007176-61e9obb3 author: Jackson, George Gee title: Viroses Causing Common Respiratory Infections in Man. III. Respiratory Syncytial Viroses and Coronavimses date: 1973-11-17 words: 4091 flesch: 47 summary: 3. Clinical and laboratory findings Morphology and development of respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture Growth and serologic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory syncytial virus Experimental cytial virus antigens by agar gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis Interferon and respiratory syncytial virus Speculation on pathogenesis in death from respiratory syncytial virus infection The late detection of respiratory syncytial virus in cells of respiratory tract by immunofluorescence Double infection with RS virus and influenza Virus infections in children. Clinical comparison of overlapping outbreaks of influenza A2-Hong Kong-68 and respiratory syncytial virus infections Differentiation of actively and passively acquired complementfixing antibodies in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection The use of cough-nasal swabs in the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection by the fluorescent antibody technique Morphogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus in a green monkey kidney cell line (Vero) Respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing activity in nasopharyngeal secretions RSV infections and infant deaths Respiratory syncytial virus tissue culture immunofluorescence as a laboratory aid Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children by the immunofluorescent technique Experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of adults. keywords: 229e; antibody; coronavirus; infection; respiratory; strain; syncytial; virus cache: cord-007176-61e9obb3.txt plain text: cord-007176-61e9obb3.txt item: #125 of 1203 id: cord-007362-pjpkz6wv author: Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle title: The Pathologies of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection: A Window on the Pathogenesis date: 2016-01-06 words: 9007 flesch: 28 summary: Challenges to molecular biology Kidney lesions in cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus Immunohistological detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen in the central nervous system of persistently infected cattle using monoclonal antibodies Porencephaly, hydranencephaly and leukoencephalopathy in bovine fetuses following transplacental infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus: Distribution of viral antigen and characterization of cellular response Expression of a tumor necrosis factor a transgene in murine pancreatic ~ cells results in severe and permanent insulinitis without evolution towards diabetes Interleukin-6 and its relation to inflammation and disease RNA virus populations as quasispecies Immune response to other agents of calves persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV) Comparative pathogenicity of selected bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates in gnotobiotic lambs Congenital cerebellar hypoplasia and ocular defects following bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease infection in pregnant cattle Induction of functional follicular dendritic cell development in severe combined immunodeficiency mice In vivo selection of lymphocyte-tropic and macrophage-tropic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus during persistent infection The activated keratinocyte: A model for inducible cytokine production by non-bone marrow-derived cells in cutaneous inflammatory and immune responses Human keratinocytes contain mRNA indistinguishable from monocyte interleukin 1 alpha and beta mRNA Bovine viral diarrhea virus and Escherichia coli in neonatal calf enteritis Bovine viral diarrhea in the neonatal calf Transgenic mice expressing a hemopoietic growth factor gene (GM-CSF) develop accumulations of macrophages, blindness, and a fatal syndrome of tissue damage Activated Langerhans cells release tumor necrosis factor Bovine virus diarrhoea virus induces in vitro a proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle immunized by infection Congenital curly haircoat as a symptom of persistent infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus in calves Polyclonal activation of T cells, apoptosis, and memory in viral infection Interleukin-2 programs mouse a~ T lymphocytes for apoptosis Distribution of antigen of noncytopathogenic and cytopathogenic bovine virus diarrhea virus biotypes in the intestinal tract of calves following experimental production of mucosal disease Interferon ' Y plays a critical role in induced cell death of effector T cell: A possible third mechanism of self-tolerance Host cell selection of Murray Valley Encephalitis virus variants altered at an RGD sequence in the envelope protein and in mouse virulence Cellular inflammatory response in the lungs of calves exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus, Mycoplasma bovies, and Pasteurella haemolytica Presence of bovine viral dialrhoea virus in lymphoid cell populations of persistently infected cattle Profound deletion of mature T cells in vivo by chronic exposure to exogenous superantigens Viral cytopathogenicity correlated with integration of ubiquitin-coding sequences Rearrangement of viral sequences in cytopathogenic pestiviruses Epidemiology of bovine virus diarrhoea virus Different strategies of IL-1 production and processing in keratinocytes and monocytes The pestiviruses Mechanisms of recovery from acute virus infection: Treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice with monoclonal antibodies reveals that Lyt-2+ T lymphocytes mediate clearance of virus and regulate the antiviral antibody response Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T cells Lesions in aborted bovine fetuses and placenta associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection Interference with the binding of a naturally processes peptide to class II alters the immunodominance of T cell epitopes in vivo Experimental infection of calves with two strains of bovine virus diarrhoea virus: Virus recovery and clinical reactions Virus-triggered acquired immunodeficiency by cytotoxic T -cell-dependent destruction of antigen-presenting cells and lymph follicle structure Ablation of tolerance and induction of diabetes by virus infection in viral antigen transgenic mice An apparently new transmissible disease of cattle Virus-induced alterations in homeostasis: Alterations in differentiated functions of infected cells in vivo Effects of IL-12 on the response and susceptibility to experimental viral infections Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities Bovine virus diarrhea-Clinical syndromes in dairy herds Experimental production of bovine respiratory tract disease with bovine viral diarrhea virus Comparison of the pneumopathogenicity of two strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus A form of immunological tolerance through impairment of germinal center development Analysis of the bovine diarrhea virus genome for possible cellular insertions New concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus Thrombocytopenia associated with acute bovine virus diarrhea infection in cattle Hybridization analysis of genomic variability among isolates of bovine viral diarrhoea virus using cDNA probes Antigenic and genomic comparison between non-cytopathic and cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from cattle that had spontaneous mucosal disease Infection breaks T-cell tolerance Langerhans cell production of interleukin-1 Bovine herpesvirus-I-induced pharyngeal tonsil lesions in neonatal and weanling calves Developmental aspects of the fetal bovine immune response: A review Virus induced congenital anomalies of the bovine fetus. Histopathology of cerebellar degeneration (hypoplasia) induced by the virus of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease The pathways for bovine virus diarrhoea virus biotypes in the pathogenesis of disease Severe acute bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) in Ontario in 1993 A study of some pathogenic aspects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection An experimental contribution to the study of the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection Langerhans cells in human warts The pathogenesis of chronic hog cholera (swine fever) Histologic, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic studies Glucocorticoid activation of a calcium-dependent endonuclease in thymocyte nuclei leads to cell death Femoral and tibial fractures in a newborn calf after transplacental infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus Virulence and pathogenesis of yellow fever virus serially passaged in cell culture Monoclonal antibody analysis of cytopathic and noncytopathic viruses from fatal bovine viral diarrhea virus infections Thrombocytopenia and hemorrhages in veal calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus Severe thrombocytopenia in young calves experimentally infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus Lesions in clinically healthy cattle persistently infected with the virus of bovine viral diarrhea-Glomerulonephritis and encephalitis Transforming growth factor-~l modulates the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens on human cells Severe disease in adult dairy cattle in three UK dairy herds associated with BVDV infection Tumor necrosis factor inhibits the development of viral meningitis or induces rapid death depending on the severity of inflammation at time of administration Bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus: Pathogenicity for the fetal calf following maternal infection An outbreak of peracute BVD in Pennsylvania cattle Genetic diversity and BVD virus Bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease infection in cattle Clinical and virological observations of a mucosal disease outbreak with persistently-infected seropositive survivors Multifactorial nature of human immunodeficiency virus disease: Implications for therapy Viral antigen distribution in the central nervous system of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus Breakdown of self-tolerance in anergic B lymphocytes Distribution of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic bovine virus diarrhea virus in tissues from a calf with experimentally induced mucosal disease using antigenic and genetic markers Ontogeny of the immune response: effect of protein energy malnutrition in neonatal calves Light and electron microscopic study of the normal and pathological thymus of the rat. II. keywords: antigen; bovine; bovine virus; bvdv; calves; cases; cattle; cells; changes; diarrhea; diarrhea virus; disease; fig; infection; lesions; macrophages; virus cache: cord-007362-pjpkz6wv.txt plain text: cord-007362-pjpkz6wv.txt item: #126 of 1203 id: cord-007417-az8xd66p author: Hansbro, Nicole G. title: Understanding the mechanisms of viral induced asthma: New therapeutic directions date: 2008-01-29 words: 29711 flesch: 30 summary: Synergistic suppression of virus-induced chemokines in airway epithelial cells The role of Toll-like receptor 4 versus interleukin-12 in immunity to respiratory syncytial virus Interleukin-11: Stimulation in vivo and in vitro by respiratory viruses and induction of airways hyperresponsiveness Spectrum of clinical illness in hospitalized patients with common cold virus infections Efficacy of a saponin-adjuvanted inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves Response of calves to challenge exposure with virulent bovine respiratory syncytial virus following intranasal administration of vaccines formulated for parenteral administration Respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults Vascular endothelial growth factor induces endothelial fenestrations in vitro The role of the respiratory syncytial virus in airway syndromes in childhood The relationship between respiratory syncytial virus infections and the development of wheezing and asthma in children Suppression of pattern-recognition receptor TLR4 sensing does not alter lung responses to pneumovirus infection Relationship of serum antibody to risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly adults Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults Increased vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors: Relationship to angiogenesis in asthma Macrolides in the treatment of asthma and cystic fibrosis Doubling the dose of budesonide versus maintenance treatment in asthma exacerbations Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County Respiratory illness associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus infection: Its role in aeroallergen sensitization during the first two years of life Interleukin 5 deficiency abolishes eosinophilia, airways hyperreactivity, and lung damage in a mouse asthma model Lower airways inflammation during rhinovirus colds in normal and in asthmatic subjects Detection of viral, Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in exacerbations of asthma in children Transcriptional activation of the interleukin-8 gene by respiratory syncytial virus infection in alveolar epithelial cells: Nuclear translocation of the RelA transcription factor as a mechanism producing airway mucosal inflammation Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (not T helper type 2 cytokines) is associated with severe forms of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis A comparison of epidemiologic and immunologic features of bronchiolitis caused by influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus Intracellular pool of vascular endothelial growth factor in human neutrophils Impaired virus-induced interferon-alpha2 release in adult asthmatic patients Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection Relationships among specific viral pathogens, virus-induced interleukin-8, and respiratory symptoms in infancy Double-stranded RNA induces the synthesis of specific chemokines by bronchial epithelial cells Effects of viral respiratory infections on lung development and childhood asthma Bidirectional interactions between viral respiratory illnesses and cytokine responses in the first year of life A bovine model of vaccine enhanced respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology Rhinovirus infects primary human airway fibroblasts and induces a neutrophil chemokine and a permeability factor Mobilization of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells to mucosal sites in children with respiratory syncytial virus and other viral respiratory infections 543â��546. A prospective cohort study with matched controls Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13 Subgroup specific protection of mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection with peptides encompassing the amino acid region 174-187 from the G glycoprotein: The role of cysteinyl residues in protection Impact of severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children living in developed countries Palivizumab prophylaxis, respiratory syncytial virus, and subsequent recurrent wheezing Clinical and immunological effects of low-dose IFN-alpha treatment in patients with corticosteroid-resistant asthma Inflammatory subtypes in asthma: assessment and identification using induced sputum Sequelae of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy and early childhood among Alaska Native children Childhood asthma following hospitalization with acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy Role of monocytes and eosinophils in human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro Suppression of the induction of alpha, beta, and lambda interferons by the NS1 and NS2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus in human epithelial cells and macrophages Effects of nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2 of human respiratory syncytial virus on interferon regulatory factor 3, NF-kappaB, and proinflammatory cytokines Tolerance and efficacy of intranasal administration of recombinant beta serine interferon in healthy adults Virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes downregulate T helper cell type 2 cytokine secretion and pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental murine respiratory syncytial virus infection Virus-specific memory and effector T lymphocytes exhibit different cytokine responses to antigens during experimental murine respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years Atopic disposition, wheezing, and subsequent respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in Danish children younger than 18 months: A nested case-control study A survey of virus infections of the respiratory tract of cattle and their association with disease Family size, infection and atopy: The first decade of the hygiene hypothesis Infection of a human respiratory epithelial cell line with rhinovirus. keywords: acute; ahr; airway; asthma; bronchiolitis; cd8; cells; children; development; disease; effects; et al; human; ifn; immune; induces; infection; inflammation; inflammatory; life; lung; mice; protein; release; responses; rhinovirus; role; rsv; rsv infection; studies; symptoms; syncytial; th1; th2; virus; virus infection; wheezing cache: cord-007417-az8xd66p.txt plain text: cord-007417-az8xd66p.txt item: #127 of 1203 id: cord-007445-2folsh35 author: Tuffaha, Amjad title: THE ROLE OF RESPIRATORY VIRUSES IN ACUTE AND CHRONIC ASTHMA date: 2000-06-01 words: 4973 flesch: 20 summary: Respiratory virus infections usually cause peripheral lymphopenia and increased numbers of lymphocytes in the upper and lower airways, for example. Respiratory syncytial virus infections may interact with immunoinflammatory mechanisms involved in immediate hypersensitivity responses in a number of ways.18 First, it has been suggested that viruses capable of infecting lower airway epithelium may lead to enhanced absorption of aeroallergens across the airway wall, predisposing to subsequent sensitizati~n.~~, 94 Second, RSV-specific IgE antibody formation may lead to mast-cellmediator release within the airway, resulting in the development of bronchospasm and the ingress of eo~inophils.~~, 60, 85, 115 Respiratory syncytial virus belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae, the genera Pneumovirus, and can be differentiated into two serologic subgroups, A and B.M, It has 10 genes, with 12 potential gene products. keywords: airway; asthma; cells; children; development; infection; rsv; symptoms; virus; viruses; wheezing cache: cord-007445-2folsh35.txt plain text: cord-007445-2folsh35.txt item: #128 of 1203 id: cord-007530-eyk015n3 author: Powell, H.C. title: Electron-microscopic appearance of the DA virus, a demyelinating murine virus() date: 2003-03-06 words: 2107 flesch: 13 summary: While serologic studies and its biologic acttvlty supported the original claim that DA virus is a plcorna virus, virus particles have not been visualized ultrastructurally Failure to see them in electron microscopic examination of white matter undergoing demyehnation was attributed to a very low content of infectious agent in the CNS of affected mice (Dal Canto and Lipton 1975) This paper reports electron-microscopic studies of BHK-21 cells infected with DA virus. keywords: cells; electron; mice; tissue; virus cache: cord-007530-eyk015n3.txt plain text: cord-007530-eyk015n3.txt item: #129 of 1203 id: cord-007575-5ekgabx5 author: Luby, James P. title: Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Pneumonias in Adults Due to Mycoplasma, Chlamydiae, and Viruses date: 2016-01-14 words: 12010 flesch: 36 summary: Clinically, the patient with influenza virus pneumonia has the sudden onset off ever, prostration, and myalgias followed shortly by dyspnea. Influenza virus pneumonia occurred during hospitalization. keywords: adults; cases; cmv; diffuse; disease; evidence; infection; infiltrates; influenza; lung; mycoplasma; patients; pneumonia; suprainfection; therapy; tract; varicella; virus; viruses cache: cord-007575-5ekgabx5.txt plain text: cord-007575-5ekgabx5.txt item: #130 of 1203 id: cord-007710-0u5ot5h4 author: Graham, Barney S. title: Challenges and Opportunities for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines date: 2013-05-24 words: 4116 flesch: 32 summary: Several technological and conceptual advances have recently occurred that make RSV vaccine development more feasible, and this collected knowledge is intended to help inform and organize the future contributions of funding agencies, scientists, regulatory agencies, and policy makers that will be needed to achieve the goal of a safe, effective, and accessible vaccine to prevent RSV-associated disease. RSV vaccine development may particularly benefit from defining the atomic structure of antigenic sites on the fusion (F) glycoprotein (see chapter by J.S. McLellan et al., this volume). keywords: development; disease; infants; infection; rsv; vaccine; virus; volume cache: cord-007710-0u5ot5h4.txt plain text: cord-007710-0u5ot5h4.txt item: #131 of 1203 id: cord-007717-7x1mqqmf author: Lowen, Anice C. title: Transmission in the Guinea Pig Model date: 2014-07-08 words: 8060 flesch: 30 summary: A virus between ferrets Survival of airborne influenza virus: effects of propagating host, relative humidity, and composition of spray fluids Oseltamivir-resistant variants of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus are not attenuated in the guinea pig and ferret transmission models Recombinant IgA is sufficient to prevent influenza virus transmission in guinea pigs Spherical influenza viruses have a fitness advantage in embryonated eggs, while filament-producing strains are selected in vivo Avian flu: influenza virus receptors in the human airway Integrated clinical, pathologic, virologic, and transcriptomic analysis of H5N1 influenza virus-induced viral pneumonia in the rhesus macaque Novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus attachment to the mammalian respiratory tract Transmission of influenza virus in a mammalian host is increased by PB2 amino acids 627K or 627E/701N Transmission of a 2009 pandemic influenza virus shows a sensitivity to temperature and humidity similar to that of an H3N2 seasonal strain Transmission of pandemic H1N1 influenza virus and impact of prior exposure to seasonal strains or interferon treatment A single amino acid in the PB2 gene of influenza A virus is a determinant of host range Guinea pig model for evaluating the potential public health risk of swine and avian influenza viruses Characterization of human influenza virus variants selected in vitro in the presence of the neuraminidase inhibitor GS 4071 Histopathology and growth kinetics of influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) in the upper and lower airways of guinea pigs (eds) Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practices of infectious diseases, 7th edn Pathogenesis of 1918 pandemic and H5N1 influenza virus infections in a guinea pig model: antiviral potential of exogenous alpha interferon to reduce virus shedding Human HA and polymerase subunit PB2 proteins confer transmission of an avian influenza virus through the air Estimating age-specific cumulative incidence for the 2009 influenza pandemic: a meta-analysis of A(H1N1)pdm09 serological studies from 19 countries Seasonal and pandemic human influenza viruses attach better to human upper respiratory tract epithelium than avian influenza viruses Novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus attaches to epithelium in both upper and lower respiratory tract of humans H5N1 virus attachment to lower respiratory tract Human and avian influenza viruses target different cells in the lower respiratory tract of humans and other mammals Characterization of H7N9 influenza This chapter describes influenza virus infection, growth, and transmission in guinea pigs; highlights how these properties differ among influenza viruses adapted to human, swine, and avian hosts; and provides an overview of knowledge gained through the study of influenza virus transmission in the guinea pig model. keywords: avian; et al; guinea; h1n1; human; infection; influenza; model; oseltamivir; pandemic; pigs; respiratory; transmission; viruses cache: cord-007717-7x1mqqmf.txt plain text: cord-007717-7x1mqqmf.txt item: #132 of 1203 id: cord-007731-wu7i548j author: Sriwilaijaroen, Nongluk title: Molecular Basis of a Pandemic of Avian-Type Influenza Virus date: 2014-05-27 words: 9953 flesch: 31 summary: A virus H7 hemagglutinin Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 infl uenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells Potential for transmission of avian infl uenza viruses to pigs The epidemiology and evolution of infl uenza viruses in pigs Evidence for the natural transmission of infl uenza The sialic acid type and the glycosidic linkage type on the host cell surface are the principal determinants of host range restriction of infl uenza viruses, although other glycan modifi cations may be involved in the virus-receptor binding preference. keywords: avian; binding; cells; h5n1; host; human; infection; infl; infl uenza; pandemic; receptor; transmission; type; uenza; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-007731-wu7i548j.txt plain text: cord-007731-wu7i548j.txt item: #133 of 1203 id: cord-007733-zh8e76w7 author: DiMenna, Lauren J. title: Pandemic Influenza Vaccines date: 2009-06-15 words: 12736 flesch: 35 summary: This is being addressed by attempts to increase the immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccines through novel adjuvants. FM/1/47 strain of influenza A virus in mice by a monoclonal antibody with cross-neutralizing activity among H1 and H2 strains A PCR based method for the identification of equine influenza virus from clinical samples Development and evaluation of an Influenza virus subtype H7N2 vaccine candidate for pandemic preparedness Trivalent live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine administered during the 2003-2004 influenza type A (H3N2) outbreak provided immediate, direct, and indirect protection in children Virus infection activates IL-1 beta and IL-18 production in human macrophages by a caspase-1-dependent pathway The role of alpha/beta and gamma interferons in development of immunity to influenza A virus in mice Development of a recombinant fowlpox virus vector-based vaccine of H5N1 subtype avian influenza Passive transfer of local immunity to influenza virus infection by IgA antibody Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly A case-control study of elderly patients with acute respiratory illness: effect of influenza vaccination on admission Healthy human subjects have CD4+ T cells directed against H5N1 influenza virus Partial protection against H5N1 influenza in mice with a single dose of a chimpanzee adenovirus vector expressing nucleoprotein The genesis of a pandemic influenza virus A fused gene of nucleoprotein (NP) and herpes simplex virus genes (VP22) induces highly protective immunity against different subtypes of influenza virus Heterotypic protection against influenza by immunostimulating complexes is associated with the induction of cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes Immunoprophylactic strategies against respiratory influenza virus infection Lack of antibody production following immunization in old age: association with CD8(+)CD28(−) T cell clonal expansions and an imbalance in the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines Influenza virus (A/HK/156/97) hemagglutinin expressed by an alphavirus replicon system protects chickens against lethal infection with Hong Kong-origin H5N1 viruses Transient resistance of influenza virus to interferon action attributed to random multiple packaging and activity of NS genes Avian influenza in North and South America Ecology and epidemiology of avian influenza in North and South America Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses The NS1 gene of H5N1 influenza viruses circumvents the host anti-viral cytokine responses Generation of an attenuated H5N1 avian influenza virus vaccine with all eight genes from avian viruses Protection of mice against influenza A virus challenge by vaccination with baculovirus-expressed M2 protein A virus obtained from influenza patients Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children NK and NK/T cells in human senescence A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus Role of hemagglutinin cleavage for the pathogenicity of influenza virus Crossreactivity to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses after vaccination with nonadjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/Duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine: a potential priming strategy Influenza in old age Evaluation of a genetically modified reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus vaccine candidate generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics Live, attenuated influenza keywords: antibodies; avian; cd8; cells; challenge; et al; h5n1; human; immunity; infection; influenza; influenza virus; m2e; mice; pandemic; pathogenic; protection; responses; vaccination; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-007733-zh8e76w7.txt plain text: cord-007733-zh8e76w7.txt item: #134 of 1203 id: cord-007764-7750z41g author: Smith, M. L. title: Display of Peptides on the Surface of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles date: 2009 words: 7210 flesch: 35 summary: The quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) framework implemented for this phase I trial will facilitate the transition of plant virus vaccines from the laboratory to evaluation in humans. One approach for the sterilization of TMV fusion vaccines is to employ UV irradiation. keywords: coat; display; epitope; et al; fusion; host; particles; peptide; plant; protein; stability; surface; tmv; tobacco; vaccine; virus cache: cord-007764-7750z41g.txt plain text: cord-007764-7750z41g.txt item: #135 of 1203 id: cord-007784-fq2urilg author: Elderfield, Ruth title: Influenza Pandemics date: 2011-09-22 words: 10510 flesch: 46 summary: However, because of their segmented genomes, influenza viruses are particularly prone to a special form of recombination known as reassortment that occurs if one host is coinfected by two different viruses. The nature of carbohydrate to which influenza virus might attach has been recently studied using glycan arrays. keywords: avian; cell; h1n1; h1n1 influenza; h1n1 virus; host; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; mutation; pandemic; pb1; protein; receptor; swine; virus; viruses cache: cord-007784-fq2urilg.txt plain text: cord-007784-fq2urilg.txt item: #136 of 1203 id: cord-007792-596jxrm5 author: Luo, Ming title: Influenza Virus Entry date: 2011-08-26 words: 12460 flesch: 50 summary: I. Analysis of polypeptides of the virion and identifi cation of spike glycoproteins Fusion mutants of the infl uenza virus hemagglutinin glycoprotein The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System Inhibition of endocytosis by anti-clathrin antibodies Single-particle kinetics of infl uenza virus membrane fusion The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 infl uenza hemagglutinin Haemagglutinin of infl uenza Infection of infl uenza virus causes a disease in humans with symptoms including high fever, cough, body ache, and runny nose. keywords: acid; binding; domain; et al; fusion; fusion peptide; ha2; host; infl uenza; membrane fusion; molecule; receptor; structure; uenza virus; virus; virus entry cache: cord-007792-596jxrm5.txt plain text: cord-007792-596jxrm5.txt item: #137 of 1203 id: cord-007796-zggk0x2q author: Lindemans, Caroline A. title: The Immune Response to Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infection date: 2005 words: 9805 flesch: 32 summary: Predictive value for subsequent development of persistent wheezing Are we ready for universal influenza vaccination in paediatrics? Concurrent serious bacterial infections in 2396 infants and children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections Specific inhibition of type I interferon signal transduction by respiratory syncytial virus Viral evolution toward change in receptor usage: Adaptation of a major group human rhinovirus to grow in ICAM-1-negative cells Eosinophils, eosinophil ribonucleases, and their role in host defense against respiratory virus pathogens Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen Latency and persistence of respiratory syncytial virus despite T cell immunity IFNgamma mediates a novel antiviral activity through dynamic modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression Viral infections in obstructive airway diseases Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7 How viruses enter animal cells Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Disease severity, interleukin-8, and virus genotype Respiratory virus infections in the immunocompromised host Suppression of the induction of alpha, beta, and gamma interferons by the NS1 and NS2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus in human epithelial cells and macrophages Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: The ups and downs of a seasonal virus Respiratory syncytial virus enhances the expression of CD11b molecules and the generation of superoxide anion by human eosinophils primed with platelet-activating factor Association between common Toll-like receptor 4 mutations and severe respiratory syncytial virus disease Time course of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated infants Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants Respiratory syncytial virus inhibits apoptosis and induces NF-kappa B activity through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway Identification of NF-kappaB-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells CX3C chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein Respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with phagocyte defects A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease An update on the pathophysiology of rhinovirus upper respiratory tract infections Viral lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children Replication and clearance of respiratory syncytial virus: Apoptosis is an important pathway of virus clearance after experimental infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus Viral induction of a chronic asthma phenotype and genetic segregation from the acute response The interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection Respiratory syncytial virus-specific antibody responses in immunoglobulin A and E isotypes to the F and G proteins and to intact virus after natural infection Community respiratory viruses: Organ transplant recipients Respiratory outcomes in high-risk children 7 to 10 years after prophylaxis with respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children Immune responses to adenoviruses: Viral evasion mechanisms and their implications for the clinic Paramyxoviridae use distinct virusspecific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Contribution of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus to community cases of influenza-like illness: An observational study Impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis is likely to be crucial to the improvement of immunotherapies for prevention and treatment of viral respiratory tract infections. In solid organ transplant patients, respiratory virus infections are also associated with a higher incidence of rejection (Wendt, 1997) . keywords: asthma; bronchiolitis; cells; children; disease; epithelial; et al; human; infection; protein; receptor; response; rhinovirus; rsv; tract; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-007796-zggk0x2q.txt plain text: cord-007796-zggk0x2q.txt item: #138 of 1203 id: cord-007843-yqdqm4rh author: Shader, Richard I. title: Zoonotic Viruses: The Mysterious Leap From Animals to Man date: 2018-07-26 words: 981 flesch: 51 summary: Results from other investigations suggest it may be effective against bat viruses and other viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and Lassa fever virus. The collection highlights recent controversies in vaccine licensure and recommendation, as well as advances in antiviral therapies for herpesvirus, hepatitis B and C, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza, with an emphasis on pediatric patients. keywords: bats; coronaviruses; humans; virus; viruses cache: cord-007843-yqdqm4rh.txt plain text: cord-007843-yqdqm4rh.txt item: #139 of 1203 id: cord-007898-nky7bo6u author: HUGHES, C.S. title: Effects of certain stress factors on the re-excretion of infectious laryngotracheitis virus from latently infected carrier birds date: 2018-09-04 words: 2228 flesch: 56 summary: In the second experiment, the effect of the onset of lay on ILT virus shedding from recovered birds was studied in 10 SPF pullets infected via the tracheaat 12· 5 weeks old with O' 5 ml of ILT virus field strain 216 (I()4'8 TCID50 rnl r J}. They had been infected with field strain 216 of ILT virus at 12 weeks old and had shed virus for up to eight days during the acute phase (Hughes and others 1987) . keywords: birds; lay; shedding; virus cache: cord-007898-nky7bo6u.txt plain text: cord-007898-nky7bo6u.txt item: #140 of 1203 id: cord-008013-blf57r7u author: Hartmann, K. title: Feline immunodeficiency virus infection: an overview date: 2005-03-02 words: 7172 flesch: 33 summary: In the prima D, stage, FIV-infected cats show an increase in size of peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes, dentonstrating a pronounced follicular and paracortical hyperplasia and irregular lymphoid follicles (Pedersen el al., 1987; Lutz et al., 1988; Yamamoto et al., 1988; Dieth el al., 1989; Callanan et al., 1993; Sparkes et al., 1993; Reubel el al., 1994) . FIV-associated tumours appear usually as lymphoid tumours, less fl'equently as myeloid tumours or miscellaneous solid carcinomas and sarcomas (Hopper el al., 1989; Ishida et aL, 1989; Shelton el al., 1989 Shelton el al., , 1990 Yamamoto et al., 1989; Hutson et al., 1991; Burraco et al., 1992) . keywords: antibodies; blood; cats; cells; changes; disease; et al; experimentally; feline; fiv; fly; hartmann; hartmann et; hiv; immunodeficiency; immunodeficiency virus; infection; pedersen; signs; stage; virus; virus infection; yamamoto et cache: cord-008013-blf57r7u.txt plain text: cord-008013-blf57r7u.txt item: #141 of 1203 id: cord-008149-kdlcaium author: Blacklaws, B.A. title: Emerging viruses of zoonotic and veterinary importance date: 2017-12-30 words: 691 flesch: 41 summary: key: cord-008149-kdlcaium authors: Blacklaws, B.A.; Daly, J.M. title: Emerging viruses of zoonotic and veterinary importance date: 2017-12-30 journal: Vet J DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.022 sha: doc_id: 8149 cord_uid: kdlcaium nan Emerging viruses of zoonotic and veterinary importance To enable discussion of all aspects of emerging virus infections, an Emerging Viruses meeting was held at the University of Nottingham, UK, on 27-29 July 2015. Whilst a major driver of emerging virus disease research is public health concern over zoonotic infections, there are also veterinary drivers for emerging viral diseases. keywords: disease; virus; viruses cache: cord-008149-kdlcaium.txt plain text: cord-008149-kdlcaium.txt item: #142 of 1203 id: cord-008333-1wepke2o author: Weisz, Ora A. title: Chapter 7 Use of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Vectors for Cell Biology date: 2008-02-28 words: 7495 flesch: 53 summary: Vaccinia virus expression vector: Coexpression of P-galactosidase provides visual screening of recombinant virus plaques Fusion of intra-and extracellular forms of vaccinia virus with the cell membrane Generation of recombinant vaccinia viruses Cap-independent translation of mRNA conferred by encephalomyocarditis virus 5' sequence improves the performance of the vaccinia viruslbacteriophage T7 hybrid expression system Eukaryotic transient-expressions system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase The complete DNA sequence of vaccinia virus Cell biology of viruses that assemble along the biosynthetic pathway Smallpox vaccination for investigators 0-glycosylation of the coronavirus M protein A specific transmembrane domain of a coronavirus El glycoprotein is required for its retention in the Golgi region Sonication and trypsinization of cell lysates is the only way to disrupt virus aggregates generated by freezing in medium, and must be performed before infecting cells. keywords: cells; dna; expression; gene; infection; medium; min; protein; recombinant; vaccinia; virus cache: cord-008333-1wepke2o.txt plain text: cord-008333-1wepke2o.txt item: #143 of 1203 id: cord-008454-8brxpotx author: Field, Anne M. title: Diagnostic Virology Using Electron Microscopic Techniques date: 2008-04-09 words: 18854 flesch: 46 summary: Diagnosis of viral infections by observation of virus particles in thin sections of infected tissues has been a continuing but perhaps rather underused technique for the last 30 years. Observation of virus particles in suspension in metal-shadowed preparations had some diagnostic applications, but when the negative staining technique was introduced in 1959 and, as a result, virus particles were more readily recognizable, diagnostic use of the electron microscope became extremely practical. keywords: antibody; brain; cells; detection; diagnosis; diameter; electron; electron microscopy; et al; hbsag; hepatitis; human; iem; methods; microscopy; morphology; particles; samples; sections; sera; stain; staining; studies; surface; technique; tests; virus; virus particles; viruses cache: cord-008454-8brxpotx.txt plain text: cord-008454-8brxpotx.txt item: #144 of 1203 id: cord-008551-yu71iewp author: Parrish, Colin R. title: Emergence, Natural History, and Variation of Canine, Mink, and Feline Parvoviruses date: 2008-04-11 words: 11857 flesch: 40 summary: The close relationship of this virus to FPV was recognized early (Appel et al., 1978 (Appel et al., ,1979a Johnson and Spradbrow, 19791 , and effective vaccines were developed within a short period (Eugster, 1980; Carmichael et al., 1981 Carmichael et al., , 1983 . Robinson et al., 1980b; Carmichael et al., 1981; Pollock, 1982; Macartney et al., 1984a) . keywords: canine; cells; cpv; disease; dogs; enteritis; et al; feline; fpv; host; infection; isolates; mabs; mev; mink; panleukopenia; parrish et; parvovirus; studies; virus; viruses cache: cord-008551-yu71iewp.txt plain text: cord-008551-yu71iewp.txt item: #145 of 1203 id: cord-008556-oetrdm8g author: Kozak, Marilyn title: Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Virus-Infected Animal Cells date: 2008-03-01 words: 23992 flesch: 40 summary: On the regulation of protein synthesis in vaccinia virus infected cells A joint product of the genes gag and pol of avian sarcoma virus: A possible precursor of reverse transcriptase Post-translational regulation of the 54K cellular tumor antigen in normal and transformed cells The influence of the host cell on the inhibition of virus protein synthesis in cells doubly infected with VSV and mengovirus Sequence studies of several alphavirus genomic RNAs in the region containing the start of the subgenomic RNA Characterization of a ts mutant of vaccinia virus 25,422-426. The replication of picornaviruses Expression from an internal AUG codon of herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene inserted in a retrovirus vector The number of ribosomes on SV40 late 16s mRNA is determined in part by the nucleotide sequence of its leader Complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3 Sequence analysis of hepatitis A virus cDNA coding for capsid proteins and RNA polymerase Direct mapping of adeno-associated virus capsid proteins B and C: A possible ACG initiation codon Structure of the FMDV translation initiation site and of the structural proteins UAG readthrough during TMV RNA translation: Isolation and sequence of two tRNAsTyr with suppressor activity from tobacco plants The molecular basis for differential translation of TMV RNA in tobacco and wheat germ Measles virus P gene codes for two proteins Inhibition of HeLa cell protein synthesis during adenovirus infection Regulatory mutants of polyoma virus defective in DNA replication and the synthesis of early proteins Solubilization of a protein synthesis inhibitor from vaccinia virions Codon selection in yeast Translational interference a t overlapping reading frames in prokaryotic mRNA Effect of the tripartite leader on synthesis of a nonviral protein in an adenovirus 5 recombinant Poliovirus mutant that does not selectively inhibit host cell protein synthesis Two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus can functionally substitute for the virus-associated RNAs in the lytic growth of adenovirus 5 Construction and analysis of additional adenovirus substitution mutants confirm the complementation of VAI RNA function by two small RNAs encoded by Epstein-Barr virus Structural requirements of adenovirus VAI RNA for its translation enhancement function Differential inhibition of host cell RNA synthesis in several picornavirus-infected cell lines Effect of viral infection on host protein synthesis and mRNA association with the cytoplasmic cytoskeletal structure Intermolecular duplexes formed from polyadenylated vaccinia virus RNA keywords: adenovirus; aug; binding; cap; cells; codon; et al; gene; host; host mrnas; host protein; host translation; infection; influenza; inhibition; initiation; late; mechanism; mrnas; poliovirus; protein; protein synthesis; reovirus; ribosomes; sequence; shutoff; site; synthesis; translation; upstream; vaccinia; viral; virus; virus mrnas cache: cord-008556-oetrdm8g.txt plain text: cord-008556-oetrdm8g.txt item: #146 of 1203 id: cord-008686-9ybxuy00 author: Everett, Tom title: Poor transmission of seasonal cold viruses in a British Antarctic Survey base date: 2019-03-14 words: 6934 flesch: 48 summary: The H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza virus are resistant to adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine), and a small number of H1N1 strains have been found to be less sensitive to NA inhibitors (NAIs; oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir). 3 Blood and saliva samples were sent to Viroscience for PCR testing to check for any residual SHBV, dengue, Chikungunya or Zika virus infections. keywords: cases; china; city; dengue; exposure; fever; h1n1; h7n9; human; influenza; outbreak; shbv; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt plain text: cord-008686-9ybxuy00.txt item: #147 of 1203 id: cord-008700-knbf8m4x author: Rodrigues, Merlyn R. title: Methods for Rapid Detection of Human Ocular Viral Infections date: 2013-10-30 words: 3016 flesch: 33 summary: I Preparative procedures for examining icosahedral and filamentous viruses Two-hour embedding procedure for intracellular detection of viruses by electron microscopy Rapid Virus Diagnosis Application of Immunofluorescence Adenoviruses Rapid diagnosis of herpes virus hominis infections by immunofluorescent antibody techniques Community and hospital outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis Simultaneous nosocomial and community outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis with types 8 and 19 adenovirus Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis at a Vietnamese refugee camp in Florida Adenovirus type 8 infections in the United States Potter MH: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus type 19 Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and chronic papillary conjunctivitis in London due to adenovirus type 19 Epidemic adenovirus keratoconjunctivis Cytologic diagnosis of adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis by direct immunofluorescence The demonstration of Toxoplasma and other organisms by immunofluorescence: A pitfall Electron microscopy as a diagnostic procedure for viral infections of the eye. The positive serum had a titer of 1:640, and the negative serum, a titer of less than 1:10, by HAL These sera were then used in an indirect immunofluorescence test on rubella-infected and uninfected BHK-cells, a susceptible line used for laboratory propagation of rubella virus. keywords: adenovirus; cells; electron; herpes; immunofluorescence; microscopy; patients; type cache: cord-008700-knbf8m4x.txt plain text: cord-008700-knbf8m4x.txt item: #148 of 1203 id: cord-008716-38sqkh9m author: Schmidt, Alexander C title: Current research on respiratory viral infections: Third International Symposium date: 2001-06-01 words: 24777 flesch: 38 summary: I. Isolation, properties and characterization Newly recognized myxoviruses from children with respiratory disease Growth on artificial medium of an agent associated with atypical pneumonia and its identification as PPLO Isolation and characterization of adenovirus 5 from the brain of an infant with fatal cerebral edema Respiratory viruses interfere with bacteriologic response to antibiotic in children with acute otitis media Parainfluenza Viruses Rational design of live-attenuated recombinant vaccine virus for human respiratory syncytial virus by reverse genetics Production of infectious human respiratory syncytial virus from cloned cDNA confirms an essential role for the transcription elongation factor from the 5% proximal open reading frame of the M2 mRNA in gene expression and provides a capability for vaccine development Recovery of viruses other than cytomegalovirus from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Immunity to influenza in man Immunization of types four and seven adenoviruses by selective infection of the intestinal tract Respiratory viral infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons Host responses to respiratory virus infection and immunization Satisfactorily attenuated and protective mutants derived from a partially attenuated cold-passaged respiratory syncytial virus mutant by introduction of additional attenuating mutations during chemical mutagenesis Recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) monoclonal antibody Fab is effective therapeutically when introduced directly into the lungs of RSV-infected mice The molecular basis of pneumococcal infection: a hypothesis Rehospitalization for respiratory illness in infants of less than 32 weeks' gestation Acute respiratory viral infections in ambulatory children of urban northeast Brazil Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans are involved in adenovirus type 5 and 2-host cell interactions Comparison of rapid diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial and influenza A virus respiratory infections in young children Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) expressing the hemagglutinin protein of measles virus provides a potential method for immunization against measles virus and PIV3 in early infancy Prolonged survival of pancreatic islet allografts mediated by adenovirus immunoregulatory transgenes Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised adults Mechanism of protective immunity against influenza virus infection in mice without antibodies Efficacy of a Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine against Acute Otitis Media. Respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients are characterized by persistence of viral infection, prolonged shedding of virus, a high rate of nosocomial acquisition, and a high frequency of pneumonia and death. keywords: adenovirus; adults; age; antibody; cell; children; clinical; day; development; disease; et al; group; human; infants; infected; infection; influenza; influenza virus; mice; pandemic; patients; protein; respiratory; risk; rsv; rsv disease; rsv vaccine; study; syncytial; time; tract; treatment; vaccine; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; years cache: cord-008716-38sqkh9m.txt plain text: cord-008716-38sqkh9m.txt item: #149 of 1203 id: cord-008764-j9qmw4zy author: None title: Chapter 1 The need for chemotherapy and prophylaxis against viral diseases date: 2008-05-29 words: 6405 flesch: 43 summary: Problems Easy Accessible Incidence with vaccine diagnosis virus enzyme aAlthough not included in the six target diseases, there is a relationship between this programme and the prevention and control of diseases such as yellow fever, hepatitis, rubella and mumps. It briefly mentions clinical diseases and syndromes such as influenza, respiratory tract infections, hepatitis, and arbovirus infections resulting from virus infections. keywords: cost; countries; diseases; herpes; infections; influenza; measles; rubella; usa; vaccines; viruses cache: cord-008764-j9qmw4zy.txt plain text: cord-008764-j9qmw4zy.txt item: #150 of 1203 id: cord-009144-3slh1nbk author: Jacobs, J.W. title: RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL AND OTHER VIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANTS date: 1971-05-01 words: 3289 flesch: 57 summary: Age Table I shows virus infections diagnosed in infants of different ages. Gardner et al. 3 present persuasive evidence in support of the postulate that the development of immediate hypersensitivity plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of acute bronchiolitis in R.s. infections. keywords: antibody; infants; infections; months; r.s; virus; viruses cache: cord-009144-3slh1nbk.txt plain text: cord-009144-3slh1nbk.txt item: #151 of 1203 id: cord-009383-ozx5u0t3 author: Sheppard, Michael title: Viral Vectors for Veterinary Vaccines date: 2007-09-28 words: 4167 flesch: 22 summary: Publications describing viral vectors for veterinary vaccine delivery can be divided into several groups, which are represented in the following tables: Table II, poxvirus vectors; Table III, adenovirus vectors; Table IV, herpesvirus vectors; and Table V , other virus vectors. Viral vaccine vectors have really developed from a greater technological understanding of viruses at the genetic level, where today they have become a viable alternative strategy as one method for the delivery of vaccines. keywords: delivery; disease; et al; gene; recombinant; type; vaccine; vector; virus cache: cord-009383-ozx5u0t3.txt plain text: cord-009383-ozx5u0t3.txt item: #152 of 1203 id: cord-009504-sn00p8iw author: Taguchi, Fumihiro title: Pathogenesis of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection: The Role of Nasal Epithelial Cells as a Primary Target of Low‐Virulence Virus, MHV‐S date: 2013-11-14 words: 3469 flesch: 48 summary: The mitral cells of the bulb were shown to have viral antigen at an early stage of infection, indicating that the virus grown in olfactory epithelial cells gains access to mitral cells through or along the olfactory fiber, as mentioned by Johnson (15) in herpes simplex virus infection and by Goto et al (9) in JHM infection. In sucklings, infectious virus as well as specific antigen was first detected in the nasal mucosa at 12 hr, then in the nerve cells of the olfactory bulbs. keywords: brain; cells; infection; mice; nasal; virus cache: cord-009504-sn00p8iw.txt plain text: cord-009504-sn00p8iw.txt item: #153 of 1203 id: cord-009561-pg4jmvw4 author: Johnson, Richard T. title: The virology of demyelinating diseases date: 2004-10-08 words: 3607 flesch: 24 summary: Production by a viral temperature sensitive mutant Biology and pathogenesis of lentiviruses Measles antibodies in multiple sclerosis Epstein-Barr virus infection and antibody synthesis in patients with multiple sclerosis Viral antibodies in multiple sclerosis Intrathecal antibody synthesis to virus antigens in multiple sclerosis Sera from patients with multiple sclerosis react with human T cell lymphouopic virus-I gag proteins but not env proteins-westem blotting analysis Antibodies against the paramyxovirus SV5 in the cerebrospinal fluids of some multiple sclerosis patients Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Progressive multifocal leukoencephaloparhy: a burnt-out case Prolonged survival and partial recovery in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Particles resembling papovavirus in human cerebral demyelinating disease pova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Papovavirus of JC type in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Etiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-identification of papovavirus Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: JC virus detection by in situ hybridization compared with immunohistochemisuy Slow virus infections of rhe central nervous system Postinfectious encephalomyelitis Postinfectious encephalomyelitis A quantitation of myelin-associated glycoprotein and myelin basic protein loss in different demyelinating diseases Measles: summary of worldwide impact Das verhalten der kutanen tuberkulin-reaktion wahrend der Masern Cellular immune responses during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections of man Peripheral blood mononuclear cells during nacural measles virus infection: cell surface phenotypes and evidence for activation Prospective study of the magnitude and duration of changes in tuberculin reactivity during complicated and uncomplicated measles Development of antibody to measles virus polypeptides during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections Immune activation during measles Spontaneous proliferation of peripheral mononuclear cells in natural measles virus infection: identification of dividing cells and correlation with mitogen responsiveness Changes in plasma IgE levels during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections Changes in serum C-reactive protein during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections Immune activation during measles. In this disease an indirect mechanism may be operative, and if an anale gous mechanism occurred in multiple sclerosis virus would need to be sought in lymphoid tissues prior to the clinical manifestations of the demyelinating disease. keywords: cells; demyelination; disease; encephalomyelitis; infection; measles; patients; sclerosis; virus cache: cord-009561-pg4jmvw4.txt plain text: cord-009561-pg4jmvw4.txt item: #154 of 1203 id: cord-009577-29u7pdpk author: Gonzalez‐Scarano, F. title: Molecular pathogenesis of neurotropic viral infections date: 2004-10-08 words: 6378 flesch: 35 summary: In the case of influenza virus, a trypsin-like protease present in host cells cleaves the hemagglutinin protein into two smaller peptides, HA1 and HA2, held together by a tlisulfide bond. If influenza virus is grown in cells that lack this peptidase activity, H A cleavage does not occur, and, though the virus still binds to cellular receptors, it is not infectious [20, 41, 67, 681. keywords: cells; cns; host; infection; influenza; proteins; rabies; receptor; reovirus; spread; system; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-009577-29u7pdpk.txt plain text: cord-009577-29u7pdpk.txt item: #155 of 1203 id: cord-009589-xfdgk2j6 author: Spradbrow, P. B. title: VIRUS DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS date: 2008-03-10 words: 927 flesch: 46 summary: Such agents are almost parasites of other viruses. For other viruses, resistance is a cell-mediated function, and resistance can be transferred with cells but not with serum, It was believed that the factors that lead to recovery from viral diseases were nonspecific-interferon production, pyrexia, hypoxia and acidosis and interactions of these (Baron 1963) . keywords: animals; disease; viruses cache: cord-009589-xfdgk2j6.txt plain text: cord-009589-xfdgk2j6.txt item: #156 of 1203 id: cord-009615-xcz8m9a7 author: Stoner, Gerald L. title: Polyomavirus Models of Brain Infection and the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis date: 2008-01-28 words: 6400 flesch: 35 summary: Animal models have documented the important influence of host genetics in determining the outcome of virus infections (107, 108) . Note that the ham- ster brain infection currently provides a model of brain tumor induction and brain endothelial cell infection by JCV (124, 127) . keywords: antigen; brain; cells; disease; dna; human; immune; infection; jcv; model; pml; virus cache: cord-009615-xcz8m9a7.txt plain text: cord-009615-xcz8m9a7.txt item: #157 of 1203 id: cord-009702-02bo7pnl author: SCOTT, G. R. title: Guidelines for the Control of Equine Viral Infections date: 2010-04-23 words: 3365 flesch: 47 summary: Mechanisms of infection and immunity in virus diseases of man. The urgency of a better knowledge of virus diseases had been underlined a t the recent International Conference in Paris. keywords: des; die; diseases; equine; group; horses; vaccination; vaccines; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-009702-02bo7pnl.txt plain text: cord-009702-02bo7pnl.txt item: #158 of 1203 id: cord-009791-k09vcq96 author: Osterhaus, A. title: Antiviral Antibodies in Dogs in the Netherlands date: 2010-05-13 words: 3045 flesch: 48 summary: parainfluenza viruses, equine influenza viruses and vomiting and wasting disease virus of pigs. For canine viruses, surveys have been performed in several countries ( 2 , 6, 10, 11, 14, 16, 20) . keywords: antibodies; canine; dogs; ha1; sera; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-009791-k09vcq96.txt plain text: cord-009791-k09vcq96.txt item: #159 of 1203 id: cord-009820-fi54s0x7 author: Andries, K. title: Pathogenicity of Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis (Vomiting and Wasting Disease) Virus of Pigs, using Different Routes of Inoculation date: 2010-05-13 words: 3847 flesch: 49 summary: The inability to find the virus in the cerebral cortex of ON inoculated pigs may indicate that the present isolate has little or no affinity for this part of the central nervous system. du dCpCrissement des porcelets (coronalike virus) Lesions induced by hemagglutinating enccphalomyelitis virus strain 67 N in pigs Vomiting and wasting disease in piglets A hemagglutinating virus producing encephalomyelitis in baby pigs Characteristics of a coronavirus (strain 67 N) of pigs Experimentally induced infection of newborn pigs with hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus strain 67 N Pathogenicity of field isolants of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus from neonatal pigs Characteristics of a coronavirus causing vomition and wasting in pigs The size and morphology of TGE and vomiting and wasting disease viruses of pifs A viral encepha omyelitis of pigs. keywords: days; disease; inoculation; pigs; routes; stomach; virus; vomiting; wall cache: cord-009820-fi54s0x7.txt plain text: cord-009820-fi54s0x7.txt item: #160 of 1203 id: cord-009836-7o6htufh author: Borrow, Persephone title: Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte escape viral variants: how important are they in viral evasion of immune clearance in vivo? date: 2006-04-28 words: 10062 flesch: 19 summary: Amino acid mutations in flanking sequences may thus affect the recognition of viral CTL epitopes, as was originally demonstrated in experiments using cytomegalovirus and influenza virus-specific CTL (13, 14), The precise mechanism by which antigen processing was affected was not defmed in these studies or a subsequent paper describing mutations in the Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which also affected presentation of a nearby CTL epitope (15), However, in a more recent report, alteration of proteasome-mediated degradation due to a single amino acid difference within a CTL epitope was shown to form the basis of lack of presentation of this epitope by infected cells (16). Firstly, as a mutation will only be selected for if it confers a fitness advantage on the virus hearing it, CTL escape virus variants will only grow out in infections where CTL pressure exerts significant control over virus replication. keywords: cells; ctl; ctl escape; ctl response; cytotoxic; epitope; escape; hla; host; infection; mutations; replication; response; specific; variants; virus cache: cord-009836-7o6htufh.txt plain text: cord-009836-7o6htufh.txt item: #161 of 1203 id: cord-009846-o6wj8z6e author: Wroblewska, Zofia title: Rat tracheal organ culture supports replication of parainfluenza 1 (6/94) virus and promotes 6/94 virus rescue from latently infected human brain cells date: 2005-12-06 words: 2476 flesch: 51 summary: Infectious virus can be recovered only after prolonged cocultivation or fusion of latently infected human brain cells with indicator cells. The titer of infectious virus was calculated according to the method of Reed and Muench. keywords: brain; cells; cultures; infected; toc; virus cache: cord-009846-o6wj8z6e.txt plain text: cord-009846-o6wj8z6e.txt item: #162 of 1203 id: cord-010001-u0d5jkp1 author: KOTWAL, GIRISH J. title: Anti‐HIV, Anti‐Poxvirus, and Anti‐SARS Activity of a Nontoxic, Acidic Plant Extract from the Trifollium Species Secomet‐V/anti‐Vac Suggests That It Contains a Novel Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral date: 2006-01-22 words: 2616 flesch: 46 summary: Plant extracts were diluted with phosphate-buffered saline. For the experiment, 12-well plates were used and in each plate the following was added: 1 ml RPMI-1640 medium (with Pen and Strep), 100 µl infected CCRF CEM (424.4 pg/ml), or 100 µl infected CEM 174 (20.3 pg/ml) and varying amounts of plant extract. keywords: antiviral; extract; hiv; plant; secomet; vaccinia; virus cache: cord-010001-u0d5jkp1.txt plain text: cord-010001-u0d5jkp1.txt item: #163 of 1203 id: cord-010016-fs8pjy1z author: WEBB, H. E. title: CAN VIRAL ENVELOPE GLYCOLIPIDS PRODUCE AUTO‐IMMUNITY, WITH REFERENCE TO THE CNS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS? date: 2008-05-12 words: 2977 flesch: 42 summary: Seven days after Langat or West Nile virus challenge of the alphavirus infected mice, brain virus titres were significantly lower than in mice given flavivirus alone. Viruses have been thought to be involved in such diseases as multiple sclerosis (MS) for many years. keywords: brain; cell; envelope; immune; virus; viruses cache: cord-010016-fs8pjy1z.txt plain text: cord-010016-fs8pjy1z.txt item: #164 of 1203 id: cord-010159-uo47oab1 author: Jartti, Tuomas title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children date: 2007-04-02 words: 574 flesch: 48 summary: key: cord-010159-uo47oab1 authors: Jartti, Tuomas; Waris, Matti; Niesters, Hubert G.M.; Allander, Tobias; Ruuskanen, Olli title: Respiratory viruses and acute asthma in children date: 2007-04-02 journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.02.025 sha: doc_id: 10159 cord_uid: uo47oab1 nan To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Khetsuriani et al 1 on the prevalence of respiratory tract viruses in children with asthma. Prevalence of viral respiratory tract infections in children with asthma Respiratory picornaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus as causative agents of acute expiratory wheezing in children Human bocavirus and acute wheezing in children Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma-update on selected topics Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children Available online April 13 keywords: children; virus cache: cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt plain text: cord-010159-uo47oab1.txt item: #165 of 1203 id: cord-010168-aiqbqnaa author: Desselberger, Ulrich title: Classical and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis() date: 1999-03-11 words: 3876 flesch: 36 summary: In addition, RT-PCRs are increasingly used (Jiang et al., 1992b; Atmar et al., 1993; Wang et al., 1994; Ando et al., 1995) . In this technique, viral suspensions are mixed with convalescent sera and the virus-antibody complexes detected by EM, Antibody can also be coated onto the grids before reaction with the faecal specimen (solid phase immune EM, SPIEM; Lewis et al., 1988) . keywords: children; diagnosis; diarrhoea; et al; gastroenteritis; human; norwalk; rotavirus; serotypes; viruses cache: cord-010168-aiqbqnaa.txt plain text: cord-010168-aiqbqnaa.txt item: #166 of 1203 id: cord-010188-884d196k author: Schlesinger, Sondra title: Alphaviruses — vectors for the expression of heterologous genes date: 2004-08-26 words: 3051 flesch: 42 summary: Trends Biotechnol DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(93)90070-p sha: doc_id: 10188 cord_uid: 884d196k DNA viruses and retroviruses are well established as vectors for the expression of heterologous genes, but there is increasing interest in the possibilities of using RNA viruses, which do not replicate through a DNA intermediate, for this purpose. This article summarizes some of the general properties of RNA viruses and concentrates on one class of RNA viruses — the alphaviruses — and their potential as expression vectors. keywords: cells; genes; proteins; rna; vector; virus; viruses cache: cord-010188-884d196k.txt plain text: cord-010188-884d196k.txt item: #167 of 1203 id: cord-010189-makhaypd author: Yamashita, Teruo title: VI, 3. Molecular biology and epidemiology of Aichi virus and other diarrhoeogenic enteroviruses date: 2004-09-14 words: 3015 flesch: 43 summary: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (van Regenmortel MHV Viruses associated with acute diarrhoeal disease Enteroviruses: Polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses Enterovirus, including polioviruses An epidemic of acute diarrhoea in rural southern India associated with echovirus type 11 infection Identification of the active-site residues of the L proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus Genetic and phylogenetic clustering of enteroviruses Foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A oligopeptide mediated cleavage of an artificial polyprotein Construction of an infectious cDNA clone of Aichi virus (a new member of the family Picornaviridae) and mutational analysis of a stem-loop structure at 5' end of the genome Outbreak of coxsackie A1 gastroenteritis: A complication of bone-marrow transplantation Identification of Aichi virus infection by measurement of immunoglobulin responses using ELISA Isolation of cytopathic small round viruses with BS-C-1 cells from patients with gastroenteritis Prevalence of newly isolated, cytopathic small round virus (Aichi strain) in Japan Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia Complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of Aichi virus: a distinct member of the Picornaviridae associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans Application of a polymerase chain reaction for identification and differentiation of Aichi virus, a new member of the picornavirus family associated with gastroenteritis in humans Infectious gastroenteritis in bone-marrow-transplant recipients Characterization of the roles of conserved cysteine and histidine residues in poliovirus 2A protease These methods were used for the identification of Aichi virus infection in paired serum samples. keywords: aichi; enteroviruses; gastroenteritis; patients; protein; virus; yamashita cache: cord-010189-makhaypd.txt plain text: cord-010189-makhaypd.txt item: #168 of 1203 id: cord-010222-5oxie0zc author: Oldstone, Michael B.A. title: Virus-induced autoimmunity: Molecular mimicry as a route to autoimmune disease date: 2004-04-11 words: 2754 flesch: 33 summary: The effect of induced chronic viral infections on the immunologic diseases of New Zealand mice Host IgG and C3 deposits in the choroid plexus during spontaneous immune complex disease Molecular mimicry and autoimmune disease Viruses perturb lymphocyte functions: Selected principles characterizing virus-induced immunosuppression Virus-induced immunosuppression: Infections with measles virus and human immunodeficiency virus Serologic relatedness between 2 and actin revealed by monoclonal antibody SV40 large T shares an antigenic determinant with cellular protein of molecular weight 68,000 Molecular mimicry in virus infection: Cross-reaction of measles phosphoprotein or of herpes simplex virus protein with human intermediate filaments Molecular mimicry: Frequency of reactivity of monoclonal antiviral anitbodies with normal tissues Amino acid homology and immune responses between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: A mechanism for autoimmunity Autoantibodies to HLA-B27 in the sera of HLA-B27 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's syndrome: Molecular mimicry with Klebsiella pneumoniae as potential mechanism of atuoimmune disease HLA-B27 related antigens in articular tissues of patients with ankylosing spondylitis Autoimmune pathogenesis for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Reiter's syndrome (RS): Autoantibodies against an epitope shared by HLA-B27 and Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase in sera of HLA-B27 patients with AS and RS Peptides as probes to study molecular mimicry and virus induced autoimmunity Molecular mimicry and myasthenia gravis: Uncovering a novel site of the acetylcholine receptor that has biologic activity and reacts immunochemically with herpes simplex virus Examples of molecular mimicry were first described as such in the early 1980s by investigators who found that monoclonal antibodies against SV40 T antigens crossreacted with host cell proteins [8] . keywords: achr; antibodies; cross; hla; mimicry; protein; virus cache: cord-010222-5oxie0zc.txt plain text: cord-010222-5oxie0zc.txt item: #169 of 1203 id: cord-010235-hu6o1ggc author: Atmar, Robert L. title: Nonculturable agents of viral gastroenteritis date: 1997-12-01 words: 3995 flesch: 36 summary: Sixth report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Use of solidphase immune electron microscopy for classification of Norwalk-like viruses into six antigenic groups from 10 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States Sequence and genomic organization of Norwalk virus Comparison of the polymerase region of small round structured virus strains previously classified in three antigenic types by solid-phase immune electron microscopy Application of PCR to detect Norwalk virus in fecal specimens from outbreaks of gastroenteritis Genomic diversity of small round structured viruses in the United Kingdom Characterization of SRSVs using RT-PCR and a new antigen ELISA: a short communication Detection and differentiation of antigenically distinct small round-structured viruses (Norwalk-like viruses) by reverse transcription-PCR and Southern hybridization Molecular characterization of a human calicivirus with sequence relationships closer to animal caliciviruses than other known human caliciviruses 25-to 30-nm virus particle associated with a hospital outbreak of acute gastroenteritis with evidence for airborne transmission Airborne transmission of small round structured virus Epidemiology of Norwalk virus during an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis aboard a US aircraft carrier Nosocomial infantile gastroenteritis associate with minirotavirus and calicivirus Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and the role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis Expression, self-assembly, and antigenicity of the Norwalk virus capsid protein Pattern of shedding of the Norwalk particle in stools during experimentally induced gastroenteritis in volunteers as determined by immune electron microscopy Solid-phase microtiter radioimmunoassay for detection of the Norwalk strain of acute nonbacterial, epidemic gastroenteritis virus and its antibodies Detection of Norwalk virus antibodies and antigen with a biotin-avidin immunoassay Detection of Norwalk virus in stools by enzyme immunoassay Norwalk virus infection of volunteers: new insights based on improved assays Development of an enzyme immunoassay to detect MX virus, a human calicivirus in the Snow Mountain agent genogroup Evaluation of an antigen capture ELISA based on recombinant Mexico virus capsid protein Molecular characterization of morphologically typical human calicivirus Sapporo Antigenic mapping of the recombinant Norwalk virus capsid protein using monoclonal antibodies Evaluation of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of Norwalk virus capsid employing synthetic peptides and peptide-specific antibodies Comparison of the reactivities of baculovirus-expressed recombinant Norwalk virus capsid antigen with those of the native Norwalk virus antigen in serologic assays and some epidemiologic observations Sub-class specific serum antibody responses to recombinant Norwalk virus capsid anti gen (rNV) in adults infected with Detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG Norwalk virus-specific antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with baculovirus-expressed Norwalk virus capsid antigen in adult volunteers challenged with Norwalk virus Antibody prevalence and immunoglobulin IgG subclass pattern to Norwalk virus in Sweden Detection of Norwalk virus in stool by polymerase chain reaction Polymerase chain reaction detection of small roundstructured viruses from two related hospital outbreaks of gastroenteritis using inosine-containing primers Broadly reactive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of SRSVassociated gastroenteritis Evaluation of a degenerate primer for the detection of human caliciviruses Detection of Norwalk virus in stool specimens by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nonradioactive oligoprobes An altemative method for direct sequencing of PCR products, for epidemiological studies performed by nucleic sequence comparison. (3) provided the first clear demonstration of the causal relationship between a virus (Norwalk virus [NV] ) and gastroenteritis by using immune electron microscopy (IEM) to detect the presence of viral particles in the stools of individuals from an epidemic outbreak of gastroenteritis. keywords: antigen; assays; detection; gastroenteritis; hucvs; human; norwalk; pcr; virus; viruses cache: cord-010235-hu6o1ggc.txt plain text: cord-010235-hu6o1ggc.txt item: #170 of 1203 id: cord-010248-ln800g5z author: Sissons, J.G. Patrick title: Antibody-Mediated Destruction of Virus-Infected Cells date: 2008-02-29 words: 15012 flesch: 41 summary: Although in all these studies of the immune response antibody is measured as neutralizing antibody, it is very likely that the same antibodies also recognize antigens on infected cells; neutralizing antibodies are directed against external proteins on the virion, which are likely to be those expressed also on infected cell membrane s. Much of the work on the relative importance of responses to individual viral antigens has been done with influenza virus. The amount of cell bound antibody required to induce lysis was determined by using measles virus-infected HeLa cells as targets and employing a binding assay with radiolabeled IgG. N o lysis occurred until a mean of greater than 5 x lo6 to 1 x lo7 molecules of IgG had bound per infected cell Perrin et al., 1976; Sissons et al., 1979a) (Fig. 5 ). keywords: antibody; antigens; cells; complement; cytotoxicity; et al; human; igg; infected; lysis; measles; measles virus; membrane; pathway; proteins; serum; surface; virus cache: cord-010248-ln800g5z.txt plain text: cord-010248-ln800g5z.txt item: #171 of 1203 id: cord-010273-0c56x9f5 author: Simmonds, Peter title: Virology of hepatitis C virus date: 2001-10-10 words: 7904 flesch: 30 summary: Homology of the predominant genotype with the prototype American strain Detection of three types of hepatitis C virus in blood donors: Investigation of type-specific differences in serological reactivity and rate of alanine aminotransferase abnormalities Identification of hepatitis C viruses with a nonconserved sequence of the 5' untranslated region Sequence analysis of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis C virus At least five related, but distinct, hepatitis C viral genotypes exist Typing of hepatitis C virus isolates and new subtypes using a line probe assay Sequence analysis of the 5' untranslated region in isolates of at least four genotypes of hepatitis C virus in the Netherlands Use of the 5' non-coding region for genotyping hepatitis C virus Genotypes of hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with chronic hepatitis C Heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus genotypes in France Genotypic analysis of hepatitis C virus in American patients Hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian volunteer blood donors in Riyadh Risk factors associated with a high seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egyptian blood donors High HCV prevalence in Egyptian blood donors Sequence variability in the 5' non coding region of hepatitis C virus: Identification of a new virus type and restrictions on sequence diversity Geographical distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in blood donors: An international collaborative survey New genotype of hepatitis C virus in South-Africa Typing of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genomes by restriction fragment length polymorphisms Distribution of plural HCV types in Japan Clinical backgrounds of the patients having different types of hepatitis C virus genomes Genomic typing of hepatitis C viruses present in China HCV genotypes in China HCV genotypes in different countries Differences in the hepatitis C virus genotypes in different countries Prevalence, genotypes, and an isolate (HC-C2) of hepatitis C virus in Chinese patients with liver disease Imported hepatitis C virus genotypes in Japanese hemophiliacs Genotypic subtyping of hepatitis C virus Survey of major genotypes and subtypes of hepatitis C virus using restriction fragment length polymorphism of sequences amplified from the 5' non-coding region A new type of hepatitis C virus in patients in Thailand Hepatitis C virus variants from Nepal with novel genotypes and their classification into the third major group Hepatitis C virus variants from Vietnam are classifiable into the seventh, eighth, and ninth major genetic groups Prediction of response to interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C HCV genotypes in chronic hepatitis C and response to interferon Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-alpha therapy: hepatitis C virus isolates and PCR primers for specific detection Application of six hepatitis C virus genotyping systems to sera from chronic hepatitis C patients in the United States Use of NS-4 peptides to identify typespecific antibody to hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Characterization of hypervariable regions in the putative envelope protein of hepatitis C virus Evidence for immune selection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) putative envelope glycoprotein variants: keywords: c virus; cell; cleavage; genome; genotypes; hcv; hepatitis; infection; patients; proteins; region; replication; rna; sequence; virus cache: cord-010273-0c56x9f5.txt plain text: cord-010273-0c56x9f5.txt item: #172 of 1203 id: cord-010343-tqqt0hj7 author: Alidjinou, Enagnon Kazali title: Resistance of Enteric Viruses on Fomites date: 2017-06-15 words: 5036 flesch: 35 summary: Disinfectants are commonly used for virus inactivation, especially in the health care settings and the food industry, to prevent outbreaks due to enteric viruses. Nearly constant shedding of diverse enteric viruses by two healthy infants Viruses causing gastroenteritis A review of viral gastroenteritis Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe Survival of human enteric viruses in the environment and food Two epidemiologic patterns of norovirus outbreaks: surveillance in England and Wales Significance of fomites in the spread of respiratory and enteric viral disease The potential spread of infection caused by aerosol contamination of surfaces after flushing a domestic toilet Effects of cleaning and disinfection in reducing the spread of Norovirus contamination via environmental surfaces Contamination of the hospital environment with gastroenteric viruses: comparison of two pediatric wards over a winter season How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? keywords: enteric; environmental; fomites; human; humidity; inactivation; norovirus; surfaces; survival; viruses cache: cord-010343-tqqt0hj7.txt plain text: cord-010343-tqqt0hj7.txt item: #173 of 1203 id: cord-010374-z9ygudv6 author: Siddell, S.G. title: Coronaviridae1 date: 2008-07-24 words: 1542 flesch: 45 summary: The replicative structures from which they are produced have not been char acterized, but it has been demonstrated that the negative-stranded template from which murine hepatitis virus mRNAs are copied is of genome length. For murine hepatitis virus, the mRNA function of each of the subgenomic viral RNAs has been demonstrated in vitro, and the mRNAs encod ing each of the virion proteins, or its precur sors, have been identified ( fig. 1 ). keywords: coronaviruses; infection; protein; rna; virus cache: cord-010374-z9ygudv6.txt plain text: cord-010374-z9ygudv6.txt item: #174 of 1203 id: cord-011106-h20vbmbo author: Takeda, Yohei title: Antiviral Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Tea Extract Against Human Influenza A Virus Rely Largely on Acidic pH but Partially on a Low-pH-Independent Mechanism date: 2019-10-16 words: 5385 flesch: 48 summary: Here, acidic PCA and hibiscus acid showed anti-PR8 virus activity. The neutral PCA also showed anti-PR8 virus activity (Fig. 2) . keywords: acidic; activity; hib[crude; hibiscus; influenza; mice; pca; pr8; virus cache: cord-011106-h20vbmbo.txt plain text: cord-011106-h20vbmbo.txt item: #175 of 1203 id: cord-011129-btaxvmsr author: Di Paola, Nicholas title: Viral genomics in Ebola virus research date: 2020-05-04 words: 9445 flesch: 28 summary: identification of transmission routes using pathogen deep-sequence data The pathogenesis of Ebola virus disease Filovirus pathogenesis and immune evasion: insights from Ebola virus and Marburg virus Characterization of host immune responses in Ebola virus infections Tissue-based class control: the other side of tolerance Uveal involvement in Marburg virus disease Spermatogene Übertragung des Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo Marburg-virus disease in Kenya Ebola virus transmission caused by persistently infected survivors of the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa Resurgence of Ebola virus disease in Guinea linked to a survivor with virus persistence in seminal fluid for more than 500 days New evidence of long-lasting persistence of Ebola virus genetic material in semen of survivors Ebola virus persistence in semen of male survivors Active Ebola virus replication and heterogeneous evolutionary rates in EVD survivors Post-Ebola syndrome Sequelae of Ebola virus disease: the emergency within the emergency Identification and pathological characterization of persistent asymptomatic Ebola virus infection in rhesus monkeys Ebola virus disease complicated by late-onset encephalitis and polyarthritis Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report An update on ocular complications of Ebola virus disease Persistence of Ebola virus in ocular fluid during convalescence Ocular immune privilege and transplantation Ebola RNA persistence in semen of Ebola virus disease survivors -final report Clinical, virologic, and immunologic follow-up of convalescent Ebola hemorrhagic fever patients and their household contacts, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo A longitudinal study of Ebola sequelae in Liberia Persistence and sexual transmission of filoviruses Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses Persistent Marburg virus infection in the testes of nonhuman primate survivors A case of human Lassa virus infection with robust acute T-cell activation and long-term virus-specific T-cell responses Possible sexual transmission of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever Lassa fever: epidemiology, clinical features, and social consequences Persistent Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection in the testes and within granulomas of non-human primates with latent tuberculosis Persistence of Ebola virus after the end of widespread transmission in Liberia: an outbreak report Persistent infection with Ebola virus under conditions of partial immunity Ebola virus persistence in breast milk after no reported illness: a likely source of virus transmission from mother to child Immune-mediated systemic vasculitis as the proposed cause of sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss following Lassa virus exposure in cynomolgus macaques Persistence of Lassa virus associated with severe systemic arteritis in convalescing guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) High prevalence of both humoral and cellular immunity to Zaire ebolavirus among rural populations in Gabon Prevalence of infection among asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic contact persons exposed to Ebola virus in Guinea: a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study Asymptomatic infection and unrecognised Ebola virus disease in Ebola-affected households in Sierra Leone: a cross-sectional study using a new non-invasive assay for antibodies to Ebola virus Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Risk factors associated with Ebola and Marburg viruses seroprevalence in blood donors in the Republic of Congo Risk factors for Zaire ebolavirusspecific IgG in rural Gabonese populations Unique human immune signature of Ebola virus disease in Guinea Reverse genetics demonstrates that proteolytic processing of the Ebola virus glycoprotein is not essential for replication in cell culture Recovery of infectious Ebola virus from complementary DNA: RNA editing of the GP gene and viral cytotoxicity Use of reverse genetics to inform Ebola outbreak responses Therapeutic strategies to target the Ebola virus life cycle Effects of life history and ecology on virus evolutionary potential Role of antibodies in protection against Ebola virus in nonhuman primates immunized with three vaccine platforms Immune parameters correlate with protection against Ebola virus infection in rodents and nonhuman primates Properties of replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing glycoproteins of filoviruses and arenaviruses Identification of the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury Efficacy and effectiveness of an rVSV-vectored vaccine in preventing Ebola virus disease: final results from the Guinea ring vaccination, open-label, cluster-randomised trial (Ebola Ça Suffit!) Here, we describe how genomics has been historically used to investigate Ebola virus disease outbreaks and how new technologies allow for rapid, large-scale data generation at the point of care. keywords: bats; congo; disease; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; evd; filovirus; genome; genomic; host; human; immune; infection; outbreak; persistence; sequences; sequencing; survivors; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-011129-btaxvmsr.txt plain text: cord-011129-btaxvmsr.txt item: #176 of 1203 id: cord-011438-imbpgsub author: Zhang, Yun title: Host–Virus Interaction: How Host Cells Defend against Influenza A Virus Infection date: 2020-03-29 words: 9339 flesch: 34 summary: hemagglutinin genes Nuclear traffic of influenza virus proteins and ribonucleoprotein complexes A virus nucleoprotein induces apoptosis in human airway epithelial cells: Implications of a novel interaction between nucleoprotein and host protein Clusterin Autophagy induction regulates influenza virus replication in a time-dependent manner Antigen-specific B-cell receptor sensitizes B cells to infection by influenza virus Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection NKp46 O-Glycan Sequences That Are Involved in the Interaction with Hemagglutinin Type 1 of Influenza Virus Evasion of natural killer cells by influenza virus Respiratory Influenza Virus Infection Induces Memory-like Liver NK Cells in Mice Critical Role of Natural Killer Cells in Lung Immunopathology During Influenza Infection in Mice NK cells exacerbate the pathology of influenza virus infection in mice Swift and Strong NK Cell Responses Protect 129 Mice against High-Dose Influenza Virus Infection A Role for Neutrophils in Viral Respiratory Disease. keywords: activation; apoptosis; avian; cells; host; human; iav; iavs; ifn; immunity; infection; influenza; pathway; protein; receptor; replication; responses; rna; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-011438-imbpgsub.txt plain text: cord-011438-imbpgsub.txt item: #177 of 1203 id: cord-011457-hqxybv1k author: Kirui, James title: Generation and validation of a highly sensitive bioluminescent HIV-1 reporter vector that simplifies measurement of virus release date: 2020-05-19 words: 5623 flesch: 40 summary: Another strategy that has been used to generate HIV-1 reporter virus involves inserting the reporter gene into the gene encoding the structural protein Gag, often between the matrix (MA) and capsid (CA) domains but in other regions of Gag as well [4] [5] [6] [7] . To enable simple and highly sensitive measurement of virus release from transfected cells, we generated HIV-1 reporter viruses in which Nanoluciferase (NanoLuc) was inserted between the MA and CA domains of Gag (Gag-iNanoLuc). keywords: activity; cells; gag; nanoluc; particle; pnl4; protein; release; reporter; vector; virus cache: cord-011457-hqxybv1k.txt plain text: cord-011457-hqxybv1k.txt item: #178 of 1203 id: cord-011880-qlutgfu2 author: Barberis, Abdelheq title: Full-length genome sequences of the first H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in the Northeast of Algeria date: 2020-07-17 words: 7521 flesch: 43 summary: I. Characteristics of influenza A/Turkey/Wisconsin/1966 virus A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza H9N2 virus in birds and mammals in the Middle East and North Africa Avian influenza A (H9N2): computational molecular analysis and phylogenetic characterization of viral surface proteins isolated between 1997 and 2009 from the human population Prevalence of avian respiratory viruses in broiler flocks in Egypt Co-infection with multiple respiratory pathogens contributes to increased mortality rates in Algerian poultry flocks Current situation of H9N2 subtype avian influenza in China Influenza A (H5N1) viruses with A (H9N2) single gene (matrix or PB1) reassortment isolated from Cambodian live bird markets Full-genome analysis of avian influenza virus H9N2 from Bangladesh reveals internal gene reassortments with two distinct highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses Genetic evolution of low pathogenecity H9N2 Avian influenza viruses in Tunisia: acquisition of new mutations First outbreaks and phylogenetic analyses of avian influenza H9N2 viruses isolated from poultry flocks in Morocco Mammalian adaptive mutations of the PA protein of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H9N2) influenza viruses associated with chicken mortality in outbreaks in Algeria Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs Experimental co-infection of infectious bronchitis and low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 viruses in commercial broiler chickens Molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses in commercial chicken flocks in Pakistan from 2014 through to 2016 Short paper: an experimental study on broiler chicken co-infected with the specimens containing avian influenza (h9 subtype) and infectious bronchitis (4/91 strain) viruses Avian influenza (H9N2) outbreak in Iran Characterization of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from poultry in Libya Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 avian influenza viruses circulating in Egypt between Genesis of avian influenza H9N2 in Bangladesh A brief summary of the epidemiology and genetic relatedness of avian influenza The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties Loss of a single N-linked glycan from the hemagglutinin of influenza virus is associated with resistance to collectins and increased virulence in mice Nlinked glycosylation of the hemagglutinin protein influences virulence and antigenicity of the 1918 pandemic and seasonal H1N1 influenza A viruses Neuraminidase stalk length and additional glycosylation of the hemagglutinin influence the virulence of influenza H5N1 viruses for mice Structural evidence for a second sialic acid binding site in avian influenza virus neuraminidases Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation of avian influenza viruses and other poultry respiratory pathogens Avian-tohuman transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza keywords: aiv; algerian; avian; h5n1; h9n2; host; human; influenza; mammalian; pathogenicity; polymerase; protein; strains; substitutions; virulence; viruses cache: cord-011880-qlutgfu2.txt plain text: cord-011880-qlutgfu2.txt item: #179 of 1203 id: cord-011917-6u0t4hy8 author: Skarlupka, Amanda L. title: Immune Imprinting in the Influenza Ferret Model date: 2020-04-08 words: 7911 flesch: 31 summary: Nearly 500,000 annual global deaths are attributed to influenza virus infection [1] . The ferret model is used to study influenza virus infection because of the ferret's natural susceptibility, shared clinical signs of illness, and possession of similarities in respiratory physiology, cell composition, and distribution of sialic acid receptors. keywords: a(h1n1; ferrets; immune; immunity; infection; influenza; model; pandemic; pre; response; vaccination; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-011917-6u0t4hy8.txt plain text: cord-011917-6u0t4hy8.txt item: #180 of 1203 id: cord-012418-6ralcn8p author: Schwanke, Hella title: Of Keeping and Tipping the Balance: Host Regulation and Viral Modulation of IRF3-Dependent IFNB1 Expression date: 2020-07-07 words: 15774 flesch: 31 summary: Due to repulsion caused by the newly acquired negative charges, IRF3 proteins could also dissociate from the adaptor complex before dimerisation and converge subsequently either (i) in the cytoplasm, (ii) after translocation into the nucleus or (iii) after engagement of coactivators during recruitment to the enhancer. Further, we will inspect the regulatory mechanisms of these steps imposed by the host cell and present the manifold strategies viruses have evolved to intervene with IFNβ transcription downstream of IRF3 activation in order to secure establishment of a productive infection. keywords: activation; activity; beta; binding; cbp; cells; dna; expression; factor; gene; ifn; ifnb1; ifnβ; induction; infection; interferon; irf3; nucleus; p300; phosphorylation; protein; response; transcription; type; virus cache: cord-012418-6ralcn8p.txt plain text: cord-012418-6ralcn8p.txt item: #181 of 1203 id: cord-012582-k1mjik27 author: Gallego, Iván title: Stronger Together: Multivalent Phage Capsids Inhibit Virus Entry date: 2020-08-27 words: 1581 flesch: 36 summary: When co-incubated with influenza virus, Qβ capsids cover most of the virion surface, as visualized by cryo-electron tomography. Finally, they evaluated their model in vivo in mice infected with influenza virus preincubated with the sialylated capsids. keywords: cell; influenza; inhibit; replication; virus cache: cord-012582-k1mjik27.txt plain text: cord-012582-k1mjik27.txt item: #182 of 1203 id: cord-013073-siy7dvlo author: Pfäfflin, Albrecht title: Influenza virus-flow from insects to humans as causative for influenza seasonality date: 2020-10-09 words: 1846 flesch: 38 summary: The clock-like consistency of the winter incidence peaks of influenza virus in temperate climatic regions represents a strong example of seasonality in infectious disease [2] . The reservoir of influenza virus are aquatic birds keywords: humans; influenza; insects; transmission; virus cache: cord-013073-siy7dvlo.txt plain text: cord-013073-siy7dvlo.txt item: #183 of 1203 id: cord-013176-6ckuya1w author: Ninfali, Paolino title: Antiviral Properties of Flavonoids and Delivery Strategies date: 2020-08-21 words: 8135 flesch: 29 summary: Front Antiviral Phytochemicals: An Overview Flavonoids: Promising natural compounds against viral infections Antiviral effects of phytochemicals from medicinal plants: Applications and drug delivery strategies Antiviral activity of Disticella elongata (Vahl) Urb. Concerning the combination of flavonoids in an antiviral cocktail, each phytochemical may be used initially at a concentration of about 0.5 g/day with the aim of reaching an intake of 3 g/day of antiviral flavonoids. keywords: activity; anti; bioavailability; cells; delivery; drugs; effects; flavonoids; hcv; influenza; inhibition; phytochemicals; protein; quercetin; replication; rna; virus cache: cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt plain text: cord-013176-6ckuya1w.txt item: #184 of 1203 id: cord-013412-gj443yei author: Lebedeva, Natalya Sh. title: The Application of Porphyrins and Their Analogues for Inactivation of Viruses date: 2020-09-23 words: 13472 flesch: 42 summary: There are several different types of photosensitized oxidation which may be important in biological systems Photodynamic efficiency: From molecular photochemistry to cell death Singlet oxygen-mediated damage to proteins and its consequences Effect of irradiation spectral range on porphyrin-Protein complexes Sewage bacteriophage inactivation by cationic porphyrins: Influence of light parameters Photodynamic inactivation of bacteriophage MS2: The A-protein is the target of virus inactivation TMPyP functionalised chitosan membrane for efficient sunlight driven water disinfection Oxidation of virus proteins during UV254 and singlet oxygen mediated inactivation Photodynamic inactivation of mammalian viruses and bacteriophages Photo-oxidation of proteins and its role in cataractogenesis Oxidative modification of cytochrome c by singlet oxygen. The most serious human diseases caused by RNA viruses are Ebola hemorrhagic fever, SARS, COVID-19, rabies, influenza, hepatitis C and E, West Nile fever, poliomyelitis, measles, etc. keywords: activity; analogues; binding; cell; complex; complexes; dna; figure; formation; gp120; inactivation; oxidation; p&a; porphyrins; protein; rna; tmpyp4; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-013412-gj443yei.txt plain text: cord-013412-gj443yei.txt item: #185 of 1203 id: cord-013526-6fip93l2 author: Labadie, Thomas title: A non-enveloped arbovirus released in lysosome-derived extracellular vesicles induces super-infection exclusion date: 2020-10-19 words: 8109 flesch: 44 summary: The presence of viral proteins was then investigated in the lysosomes of BTV infected cells. Altogether, these data established that the majority of BTV virus particles are released in large EVs secreted from mammalian and insect infected cells in vitro. keywords: btv; cells; evs; fig; hpi; infected; infection; lysosomes; min; ns3; particles; pbs; protein; unag; viral; virus; virus particles; viruses cache: cord-013526-6fip93l2.txt plain text: cord-013526-6fip93l2.txt item: #186 of 1203 id: cord-014397-7b88ycv8 author: Gavora, JS title: Resistance of livestock to viruses: mechanisms and strategies for genetic engineering date: 1996-12-15 words: 11586 flesch: 35 summary: The transgenic birds that expressed only the viral envelope coding region of the recombinant genome were shown to be resistant to the corresponding subgroup of the avian leukosis virus (Salter and Crittenden, 1989; Gavora et al, 1995a) , due to a blockage of virus receptors by the viral envelope proteins. and 1 Erythrocyte P antigen: cellular receptor for B 19 parvovirus Resistance to parvovirus B19 infection due to lack of virus receptor (erythrocyte P antigen) keywords: avian; cells; disease; et al; gene; genome; host; infection; livestock; mechanisms; plants; protein; receptor; replication; resistance; resistance mechanisms; rna; strategies; virus; viruses cache: cord-014397-7b88ycv8.txt plain text: cord-014397-7b88ycv8.txt item: #187 of 1203 id: cord-014462-11ggaqf1 author: None title: Abstracts of the Papers Presented in the XIX National Conference of Indian Virological Society, “Recent Trends in Viral Disease Problems and Management”, on 18–20 March, 2010, at S.V. University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh date: 2011-04-21 words: 35463 flesch: 47 summary: The following virus isolates have been used in the analysis: GTPV-Uttarkashi, P60, vaccine virus; GTPV Mukteswar, P10, Challenge virus; GTPV (Akola), GTPV Bareilly/00, GTPV Ladakh/01 and GTPV Sambalpur/82, field isolates and SPPV Srinagar, P40; SPPV Ranipet, P50; SPPV-RF, P50, vaccine viruses and SPPV Makdhoom/07, SPPV CIRG/08, SPPV Pune/08, SPPV Bareilly, SPPV 183/03 and SPPV 125/02, field isolates. Present paper discusses about virus disease of quarantine importance affecting ornamental and fruit plants such as Chrysanthimum, Dahlia, Dianthus, Rosabengalensis, Cattleya, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Lilium, Citrus, Vitis etc. keywords: acid; analysis; animals; antibodies; antigen; assay; cases; cells; cloned; control; crop; curl; dengue; detection; development; disease; dna; elisa; expression; field; food; gene; host; india; infection; isolates; leaf; management; methods; molecular; mosaic; mosaic virus; nucleotide; pathogens; patients; pcr; plant; positive; present; primers; production; protein; region; resistance; response; results; rna; samples; sequence; specific; study; symptoms; time; tomato; total; vaccine; vector; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; world; yellow cache: cord-014462-11ggaqf1.txt plain text: cord-014462-11ggaqf1.txt item: #188 of 1203 id: cord-014541-2i0jga5v author: Breedlove, Byron title: The Exploding Aliveness of the World date: 2017-04-17 words: 767 flesch: 43 summary: Brunswick (ME): The Museum Review/art; painterly synthesis of a wanderer's life review Why killer viruses are on the rise Emerging infections: microbial threats to health in the United States Institute of Medicine Committee on Emerging Microbial Threats to Health in the 21st Century Joseph Stella's flowers Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens The time and attention given to tending to our backyard gardens, our larger communities, our public health infrastructure, and our approach to addressing emerging infections will be apparent and on display when that inevitable exploding aliveness occurs. keywords: health; threats; viruses cache: cord-014541-2i0jga5v.txt plain text: cord-014541-2i0jga5v.txt item: #189 of 1203 id: cord-014796-6rw2wk1q author: Fayyadh, Thaer Kadhim title: Simultaneous detection of multiple viruses in their co-infected cells using multicolour imaging with self-assembled quantum dot probes date: 2017-05-06 words: 4803 flesch: 49 summary: Immunofluorescence (IF) by labelling antibodies with fluorophores is available for virus detection in single cells. Then, the QD-SpA-MAb probes were tested for virus detection in cells. keywords: cells; detection; fig; h1n1; mab; probes; spa; virus; viruses cache: cord-014796-6rw2wk1q.txt plain text: cord-014796-6rw2wk1q.txt item: #190 of 1203 id: cord-014908-jys1y0k9 author: Yadav, Rakesh title: Trends and Perspectives of Biosensors for Food and Environmental Virology date: 2010-05-19 words: 5123 flesch: 21 summary: A color-shifting glycopolythiophene sensor that contains sialic acid as the receptor and a fluorescent polymer as the transducer has been reported for virus detection at the zeptomole level (Leclerc 1999; Baek et al. 2000) . Genosensor on gold films with enzymatic electrochemical detection of a SARS virus sequence Design and synthesis of novel glycopolythiophene assemblies for colorimetric detection of Influenza virus and E. coli Evaluation of viral extraction methods on a broad range of ready-to-eat foods with conventional and real-time RT-PCR for Norovirus GII detection A biosensor for Dengue virus detection: keywords: acid; aptamers; biosensor; detection; dna; et al; food; hepatitis; pcr; rna; sample; sensors; virion; virus; viruses cache: cord-014908-jys1y0k9.txt plain text: cord-014908-jys1y0k9.txt item: #191 of 1203 id: cord-015023-ishxfinx author: Jones, David title: Hard water date: 1995 words: 1155 flesch: 48 summary: A recent report establishes that T-lymphocyte clones from MS patients specific for a single encephalitogenic MBP peptide recognize configurationally similar peptides of several common viruses equally well 10. Administration of 'Y-interferon in quiescent MS patients does in fact provoke symptoms of the disease, which correlate with MHC expression on circulating monocytes 13 • Time will tell whether other (non-infectious) agents also play a role in inducing MS. keywords: disease; viruses cache: cord-015023-ishxfinx.txt plain text: cord-015023-ishxfinx.txt item: #192 of 1203 id: cord-015619-msicix98 author: None title: Virus Structure & Assembly date: 2009-02-24 words: 3306 flesch: 41 summary: Meshes and nanoindentation simulations are presented for several viruses: Hepatitis B, CCMV, HK97, and Phi 29. We demonstrate these methods using coarse-grained models of the assembly of icosahedral virus capsids as well as several simpler models of generic assembly chemistry. keywords: assembly; capsid; connector; dna; membrane; sars; structure; virus; viruses cache: cord-015619-msicix98.txt plain text: cord-015619-msicix98.txt item: #193 of 1203 id: cord-015764-ly68q5z0 author: Poissy, J. title: La modulation de la signature transcriptomique de l’hôte infecté : une nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique dans les viroses graves ? Exemple de la grippe date: 2016-04-07 words: 3988 flesch: 39 summary: Les progrès en termes de diagnostic ont permis de montrer qu'une large part de ces infections est due à des virus. [41] [42] , et en particulier le développement de la biologie des systèmes, ont considérablement enrichi les connaissances concernant les interactions complexes et multiples entre ces virus et la « machinerie » cellulaire. keywords: cellulaire; ces; cette; dans; des; est; influenza; l'infection; les; molécules; nous; par; pour; que; sont; sur; une; virus; viruses cache: cord-015764-ly68q5z0.txt plain text: cord-015764-ly68q5z0.txt item: #194 of 1203 id: cord-015871-1tuf4zxi author: Ergonul, Onder title: Treatment of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever date: 2007 words: 8244 flesch: 41 summary: However hemorrhagic fever virus infections can be approached by the following different therapeutic strategies [6] : (i) administration of high-titered neutralizing antibodies and/or (ii) treatment with antiviral drugs. During the last decade, the potential of RNA interference as a therapeutic agent against virus infection has been discussed. keywords: antibody; cases; cchf; congo; crimean; effect; fever; human; infection; interferon; patients; plasma; platelet; ribavirin; rna; therapy; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-015871-1tuf4zxi.txt plain text: cord-015871-1tuf4zxi.txt item: #195 of 1203 id: cord-016070-e9ix35x3 author: Perret Pérez, Cecilia title: Pneumonia Caused by Emerging Viral Agents date: 2020-02-01 words: 3647 flesch: 41 summary: This virus is detected in up to 10% of acute respiratory disease cases, and its symptoms range from upper respiratory disease, including flu-like disease, fever, rhinitis, odynophagia, and cough, to serious conditions with a rapidly progressing respiratory disease. Coronavirus NL 63, which belongs to coronavirus group I, was discovered for the first time in a child with bronchiolitis in the Netherlands in 2004, and then ratified in small children hospitalized for serious respiratory infections. keywords: cases; children; coronavirus; disease; human; infection; influenza; patients; virus cache: cord-016070-e9ix35x3.txt plain text: cord-016070-e9ix35x3.txt item: #196 of 1203 id: cord-016171-17ut32bu author: Lane, J. Michael title: Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism date: 2009 words: 8406 flesch: 46 summary: Recent research suggests that smallpox virus could be recreated by synthesizing long strands of DNA, thus enhancing its availability for bioterrorism. Efforts are currently underway to detect smallpox virus in the environment, including in air distribution systems in large buildings. keywords: attack; cases; centers; control; disease; et al; health; patients; prevention; public; smallpox; transmission; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; variola; virus cache: cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt plain text: cord-016171-17ut32bu.txt item: #197 of 1203 id: cord-016309-6mw8okmt author: Bule, Mohammed title: Antivirals: Past, Present and Future date: 2019-06-06 words: 8230 flesch: 27 summary: Therefore, the major concern in antiviral drug development is the identification of specific targets with increased selectivity and reduced side effects, which limit the therapeutic use of antiviral drugs in comparison to antibacterial agents (Dal Pozzo and Thiry 2014) . Antiviral drugs not just penetrate to disrupt the virus’ cellular divisions but also have a negative impact on normal physiological pathways in the host. keywords: activity; acyclovir; agents; antiviral; cats; compounds; diseases; dna; drug; et al; feline; herpes; infection; replication; rna; treatment; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-016309-6mw8okmt.txt plain text: cord-016309-6mw8okmt.txt item: #198 of 1203 id: cord-016451-k8m2xz0e author: Chertow, Daniel S. title: Influenza, Measles, SARS, MERS, and Smallpox date: 2020-01-03 words: 6148 flesch: 36 summary: The timeline of influenza virus shedding in children and adults in a household transmission study of influenza in Managua Long-term shedding of influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and nosocomial epidemiology in patients with hematological disorders Estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal, pandemic, and zoonotic influenza: a systematic review of the literature Influenza virus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for treatment The pathology of influenza virus infections Bacterial coinfection in influenza: a grand rounds review Human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, China Molecular pathogenesis of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza: the role of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif Immunobiology of influenza vaccines Airborne transmission of measles in a physician's office Measles virus host invasion and pathogenesis Pathological consequences of systemic measles virus infection Predominant infection of CD150+ lymphocytes and dendritic cells during measles virus infection of macaques The clinical significance of measles: a review The basic reproduction number (R0) of measles: a systematic review Early waning of maternal measles antibodies in era of measles elimination: longitudinal study Measles virus-induced suppression of immune responses Long-term measles-induced immunomodulation increases overall childhood infectious disease mortality Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Model parameters and outbreak control for SARS Epithelial cells lining salivary gland ducts are early target cells of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the upper respiratory tracts of rhesus macaques A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. Seasonal influenza virus infection is largely limited to the respiratory tract; however, H5 and H7 HPAI viruses have a polybasic cleave site within the hemagglutinin allowing for replication outside of the respiratory tract [65, 66] . keywords: acute; coronavirus; cov; days; disease; east; infection; influenza; measles; mers; middle; patients; sars; smallpox; syndrome; transmission cache: cord-016451-k8m2xz0e.txt plain text: cord-016451-k8m2xz0e.txt item: #199 of 1203 id: cord-016475-7ldxvbpz author: Pleschka, Stephan title: Anti-viral approaches against influenza viruses date: 2006 words: 17141 flesch: 32 summary: Apoptosis is mainly regarded to be a host cell defense against virus viruses (reviewed in: Julkunen et al., 2000; Ludwig et al., 2003; infections since many viruses express anti-apoptotic proteins to prevent this cellular response. The etiological agent of the disease, influenza virus is responsible E. Bogner and A. Holzenburg (eds.) , New Concepts of Antiviral Therapy, 115-167. keywords: activation; activity; anti; apoptosis; cell; disease; et al; human; immunity; induction; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibitors; kinase; mek; neuraminidase; oseltamivir; pathway; production; protein; replication; response; strain; treatment; type; vaccine; viral; virus; viruses; zanamivir cache: cord-016475-7ldxvbpz.txt plain text: cord-016475-7ldxvbpz.txt item: #200 of 1203 id: cord-016499-5iqpl23p author: Mackay, Ian M. title: Rhinoviruses date: 2014-02-27 words: 23417 flesch: 34 summary: ARIs linked to HRV infections are associated with excessive and perhaps inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and with significant direct and indirect healthcare expenditure. ARIs linked to HRV infections are associated with excessive and perhaps inappropriate antibiotic prescribing [ 4 ] and with signifi cant direct and indirect healthcare expenditure [ 5 , 6 ] . keywords: acute; adults; airway; antiviral; ari; asthma; cells; children; cold; culture; defi; detection; disease; exacerbations; host; hrsv; hrv; hrv infection; hrvs; human; identifi; ifn; illness; infection; infl; nasal; pcr; receptor; response; rhinovirus; rna; role; species; studies; study; symptoms; time; tract; type; viruses cache: cord-016499-5iqpl23p.txt plain text: cord-016499-5iqpl23p.txt item: #201 of 1203 id: cord-016538-4og05fuo author: Dolja, V. V. title: Biotechnology Applications of Grapevine Viruses date: 2017-03-30 words: 6279 flesch: 33 summary: The application of plant virus vectors is of potential interest to the worldwide, multibillion dollar, grape and wine industries. The major applications of plant virus vectors are epitomized by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV), and Potato virus X (PVX) (Kumagai et al. 1995; Ratcliff et al. 2001; Burton et al. 2000) , which are the most widely used in protein expression and functional genomics. keywords: et al; expression; gene; grapevine; host; infection; plant; rna; vector; vigs; virus; viruses cache: cord-016538-4og05fuo.txt plain text: cord-016538-4og05fuo.txt item: #202 of 1203 id: cord-016576-1yqwci0y author: Hu, Xiaohua title: Mining Candidate Viruses as Potential Bio-terrorism Weapons from Biomedical Literature date: 2005 words: 2659 flesch: 51 summary: Later on [10] Dr. Swanson extended his methods to search literature for potential virus. Our objective is to extend the existing known virus list compiled by CDC to other viruses that might have similar characteristics. keywords: agent; potential; properties; search; virus; viruses cache: cord-016576-1yqwci0y.txt plain text: cord-016576-1yqwci0y.txt item: #203 of 1203 id: cord-016652-x8t3lf1x author: Matthews, David title: Viruses and the Nucleolus date: 2011-05-23 words: 6640 flesch: 12 summary: Although many RNA virus proteins have been shown to localise to the nucleolus, most attention has focused on viral capsid proteins. These advances have provided fundamental insights as to how and why the nucleolus is targeted by many different viruses both to usurp normal functioning and to recruit nucleolar proteins to facilitate virus replication. keywords: cell; et al; herpes; human; infection; localization; nuclear; nucleocapsid; nucleolar; nucleolus; nucleus; protein; replication; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-016652-x8t3lf1x.txt plain text: cord-016652-x8t3lf1x.txt item: #204 of 1203 id: cord-016663-qnp99m7o author: Taylor, Robert B. title: Medical Words Linked to Places date: 2017-02-01 words: 4837 flesch: 61 summary: This chapter is about diseases named for places. If a young physician today were asked to identify a disease named for a place, the answer might well be Lyme disease, also called Lyme borreliosis. keywords: cause; disease; family; fever; fig; magnesia; medical; states; today; town; trench; virus; war; word; zika cache: cord-016663-qnp99m7o.txt plain text: cord-016663-qnp99m7o.txt item: #205 of 1203 id: cord-016754-6fv8mjld author: Iturriza-Gómara, Miren title: Gastroenteric Viruses date: 2007 words: 4901 flesch: 26 summary: PHLS North West Viral Gastroenteritis and Electron Microscopy Subcommittee Use of solidphase immune electron microscopy for classification of Norwalk-like viruses into six antigenic groups from 10 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States Expression and self-assembly of Grimsby virus: antigenic relationship to Norwalk and Mexico virus Evaluation of a commercial ELISA for detecting Norwalk-like virus antigen in faeces A diagnostic EIA for detection of the prevalent SRSV strain in United Kingdom outbreaks of gastroenteritis Detection and differentiation of antigenically distinct small round structured viruses (Norwalk-like viruses) by reverse transcription PCR and Southern hybridization Broadly reactive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of SRSV-associated gastroenteritis Polymerase chain reaction detection of small round-structured viruses from two related hospital outbreaks of gastroenteritis using inosine-containing primers Molecular characterisation of a human calicivirus with sequence relationships closer to animal caliciviruses than other known human caliciviruses Molecular detection and epidemiology of Sapporo-like viruses A nested reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of small round-structured viruses in environmentally contaminated molluscan shellfish The development of polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of small round structured and other human enteric viruses in molluscan shellfish A semiquantitative approach to estimate Norwalk-like virus contamination of oysters implicated in an outbreak Viruses and bivalve shellfish Detection of small round structured viruses in shellfish by RT-PCR Detection, quantitation, and phylogenetic analysis of noroviruses in Japanese oysters An outbreak of calicivirus associated with consumption of frozen raspberries Identification of Norwalk virus in artificially seeded shellfish and selected foods Improved detection of human enteric viruses in foods by RT-PCR Development of a reverse transcription-PCR-DNA enzyme immunoassay for detection of Norwalk-like viruses and hepatitis A virus in stool and shellfish Methods of rotavirus detection, sero-and genotyping, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis Molecular characterisation of VP6 genes of human rotavirus isolates: correlation of genogroups with subgroups and evidence of independent segregation Infantile viral gastroenteritis: on the way to closing the diagnostic gap Quantitation of Group A rotavirus RNA by real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction: correlation with clinical severity in children in South India Viral contamination of shellfish: evaluation of methods and analysis of bacteriophages and human viruses Asymptomatic and symptomatic excretion of noroviruses during a hospital outbreak of gastroenteritis Molecular diversity of noroviruses associated with outbreaks on cruise ships: comparisons with strains circulating in the UK Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children Foodborne outbreak of Group A rotavirus gastroenteritis among college students-District of Columbia Coronavirus particles in faeces from patients with gastroenteritis The human enteric coronaviruses Toroviruses of animals and humans: a review Association of torovirus with acute and persistent diarrhea in children Enteric involvement of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection Identification of viruses with bi-and trisegmented double-stranded RNA genome in faeces of children with gastroenteritis Detection and characterisation of bisegmented dsRNA viruses (picobirnaviruses) in human faeces Detection and characterization of a novel bisegmented double-stranded RNA virus (picobirnavirus) from rabbit faeces Enteric viruses and diarrhea in HIV-infected patients Novel viruses in human faeces Isolation of cytopathic small round viruses with BC-C-1 cells from patients with gastroenteritis The electron microscopical and physical characteristics of small round structured fecal viruses: an interim scheme for classification Molecular epidemiology of human caliciviruses Taxonomy of the caliciviruses A summary of taxonomic changes recently approved by ICTV Human caliciviruses Phylogenetic analysis of the caliciviruses Sapporo-like human caliciviruses are genetically and antigenically diverse Parkville virus: a novel genetic variant of human calicivirus in the Sapporo virus clade, associated with an outbreak of gastroenteritis in adults Rotaviruses and their replication Prevalence of human astrovirus serotypes in the Oxford region 1976-92, with evidence for two new serotypes Typing of human astroviruses from clinical isolates by enzyme immunoassay and nucleotide sequencing Virus Taxonomy, Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Academic Viruses associated with acute diarrhoeal disease Adenovirus Monophyletic relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and group 2 coronaviruses Complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of Aichi virus, a distinct member of the Picornaviridae associated with acute gastroenteritis in humans Isolation and characterization of a new species of kobuvirus associated with cattle A small virus in human faeces Comparison of human fecal and serum parvo-like viruses Modified concentration method for the detection of enteric viruses on fruits and vegetables by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or cell culture Detection of Norwalk virus and hepatitis A virus in shellfish tissues with the PCR Detection of enteric viruses in oysters by using the polymerase chain reaction Collaborative evaluation of a method for the detection of Norwalk virus in shellfish tissues by PCR Threeyear study to assess human enteric viruses in shellfish Development of methods to detect Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) and hepatitis A virus in delicatessen foods: application to a food-borne NLV outbreak A rationalised virological electron microscope specimen testing policy. keywords: detection; enteric; food; foodborne; gastroenteritis; human; outbreaks; pcr; rvs; shellfish; viruses cache: cord-016754-6fv8mjld.txt plain text: cord-016754-6fv8mjld.txt item: #206 of 1203 id: cord-016796-g4kqqpy1 author: Bramhachari, Pallaval Veera title: Advanced Immunotechnological Methods for Detection and Diagnosis of Viral Infections: Current Applications and Future Challenges date: 2019-11-05 words: 5647 flesch: 24 summary: Immunofluorescence assay is extensively used for rapid identification of virus infections through detection of virus antigen or virus-specific antibodies in clinical specimens. AuNP-based detection techniques were reported by various groups of clinically relevant viruses with a unique focus on applied types of bio-AuNP hybrid structures, virus detection targets, and assay modalities and formats were recently developed (Draz and Shafiee 2018). keywords: antibodies; assay; detection; diagnosis; human; infections; influenza; pcr; rna; sensitivity; time; virus; viruses; zikv cache: cord-016796-g4kqqpy1.txt plain text: cord-016796-g4kqqpy1.txt item: #207 of 1203 id: cord-016798-tv2ntug6 author: Gautam, Ablesh title: Bioinformatics Applications in Advancing Animal Virus Research date: 2019-06-06 words: 6983 flesch: 35 summary: VIDA retrieves virus sequences from GenBank and the files are parsed into subfields. VIDA also provides functional classification of virus proteins into broad functional classes based on typical virus processes such as DNA and RNA replication, virus structural proteins, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism, transcription, glycoproteins and others. keywords: analysis; annotation; bioinformatics; database; et al; gene; genome; host; influenza; information; prediction; proteins; sequence; tools; virus; viruses; web cache: cord-016798-tv2ntug6.txt plain text: cord-016798-tv2ntug6.txt item: #208 of 1203 id: cord-016808-gy8d8285 author: Agol, Vadim I. title: The Origin and Evolution of Viruses date: 2008 words: 3257 flesch: 39 summary: The frequency of mutations in DNA viruses may be several orders of magnitude lower than in RNA viruses, whose replicative enzyme, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, lacks proof-reading activity. On the other hand, a very significant proportion of the cellular genetic material has evolutionary relatedness to the genetic composition of the ancient world of RNA viruses. keywords: dna; genome; host; mutations; rna; viruses cache: cord-016808-gy8d8285.txt plain text: cord-016808-gy8d8285.txt item: #209 of 1203 id: cord-016882-c9ts2g7w author: Ribeiro, Edna title: Viruses Present Indoors and Analyses Approaches date: 2017-06-12 words: 10252 flesch: 32 summary: Presently, numerous valuable cell monolayers are commercially available, and are regularly utilized in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of virus infections. Respiratory viruses can be transported over considerable distances by air currents and be inhaled, penetrating deep into the respiratory system (Prussin II et al., 2015) . keywords: aerosol; air; cause; children; contact; contamination; disease; droplets; environments; et al; health; human; indoor; infections; influenza; patients; pcr; samples; spread; surfaces; transmission; viruses cache: cord-016882-c9ts2g7w.txt plain text: cord-016882-c9ts2g7w.txt item: #210 of 1203 id: cord-016928-yigz9qiz author: Bhattacharyya, Sankar title: Inflammation During Virus Infection: Swings and Roundabouts date: 2019-11-05 words: 4862 flesch: 23 summary: Migration of CTLs expressing receptors for chemokines like CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9-11, as well as its timing with respect to establishment of infection, seems to play a crucial role in virus eradication and survival (Wang et al. 2003; The tissue damage is caused from a combination of either direct neuronal infection which activates intrinsic apoptosis or a hyperactive inflammatory response mediated by PICs or CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) (Wang et al. 2003; Samuel et al. 2007) . keywords: acute; cells; cytokines; dengue; et al; infection; inflammation; nile; response; syndrome; system; virus; viruses; west cache: cord-016928-yigz9qiz.txt plain text: cord-016928-yigz9qiz.txt item: #211 of 1203 id: cord-016990-ot1wi3xi author: Zaki, Sherif R. title: Viral Infections of the Lung date: 2008 words: 19595 flesch: 28 summary: Preceding respiratory infection predisposing for primary and secondary invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease Viral-bacterial synergistic interaction in respiratory disease Immune impairment of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis during influenza virus pneumonia Mechanisms of bacterial superinfect ions in viral pneumonias Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions Identification of a new North American hantavirus that causes acute pulmonary insufficiency Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus Genetic identification of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness Varicella-related mortality in California Decline in mortality due to varicella after implementation of varicella vaccination in the United States Pneumonia caused by herpesviruses in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplants Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus Transmission of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by organ transplantation A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans Fatal West Nile virus encephalitis in a renal transplant recipient Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients Transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture Recovery of new agent from patients with acute respiratory illness Adenoviruses: group name proposed for new respiratory-tract viruses Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host Fatal disseminated adenovirus infections in immunocompromised patients Respiratory disease and the adenoviruses Adenoviruses from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals, including two strains that represent new candidate serotypes Ad50 and Ad51 of species Bl and D, respectively Infections in 18,000 infants and children in a controlled study of respiratory tract disease. 102 Multinucleated syncytial cells similar to those seen in some SARS patients can also be found in a number of virus infections, including measles, parainfluenza viruses, RSV, and Nipah virus infections. keywords: acute; alveolar; antigens; cases; cause; cells; children; diagnosis; disease; fever; fig; giant; hsv; human; inclusions; infection; influenza; lung; measles; nipah; patients; pneumonia; pulmonary; sars; syncytial; syndrome; tissues; tract; type; varicella; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-016990-ot1wi3xi.txt plain text: cord-016990-ot1wi3xi.txt item: #212 of 1203 id: cord-016995-5izyl234 author: Auewarakul, Prasert title: The Past and Present Threat of Avian Influenza in Thailand date: 2008 words: 5105 flesch: 49 summary: GlcNAc-containing receptors Free-grazing ducks and highly pathogenic avian influenza Lethality to ferrets of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and poultry in 2004 Emergence of multiple genotypes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Hong Kong SAR H5N1 influenza: A protean pandemic threat Restrictions to the adaptation of influenza a virus h5 hemagglutinin to the human host Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia Three Indonesian clusters of H5N1 virus infection in 2005 Avian influenza H5N1 in tigers and leopards Characterization of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of recent influenza virus isolates from different avian species in Thailand Pathology of human influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Avian H5N1 influenza in cats Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia Molecular basis of replication of duck H5N1 influenza viruses in a mammalian mouse model Preparation of a standardized, efficacious agricultural H5N3 vaccine by reverse genetics Containing pandemic influenza at the source Avian influenza (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in Asia in 2004 exhibit increased virulence in mammals The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties World Organization for Animal Health. The evolution of H5N1 influenza viruses in ducks in southern China Studies of H5N1 influenza virus infection of pigs by using viruses isolated in Vietnam and Thailand in 2004 A child with avian influenza A (H5N1) infection Human disease from influenza A (H5N1) Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma Department of Livestock Development. keywords: avian; et al; h5n1; influenza; poultry; thailand; virus; viruses cache: cord-016995-5izyl234.txt plain text: cord-016995-5izyl234.txt item: #213 of 1203 id: cord-017008-c7skxte0 author: Méthot, Pierre-Olivier title: Emerging Disease and the Evolution of Virulence: The Case of the 1918–1919 Influenza Pandemic date: 2014-08-22 words: 17590 flesch: 41 summary: Next, we describe the biology of infl uenza viruses with a focus on the 1918-19 pandemics and we move on to the ecological-evolutionary explanations of its exceptional virulence, paying attention to the trade-off model, before turning to molecular 4 On the history, epistemology, and social aspects of the concept of emerging disease see Grmek ( 1993 ); Before describing in more details the potentials and limits of these two perspectives we fi rst describe significant aspects of the biology of infl uenza viruses. keywords: biology; case; diseases; emergence; et al; evolutionary; ewald; host; infections; infl uenza; new; pandemic; pathogen; population; rate; spanish; strain; taubenberger; trade; transmission; uenza virus; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt plain text: cord-017008-c7skxte0.txt item: #214 of 1203 id: cord-017070-05vlz5dn author: Dimitrov, Dimiter S. title: Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against HIV and Emerging Viruses date: 2008 words: 6678 flesch: 27 summary: The prospects for vaccines against HIV-1: more than a field of long-term nonprogression? HIV vaccine design and the neutralizing antibody problem Antibody-based inhibitors of HIV infection Antibody neutralization and escape by HIV-1 Efficient neutralization of primary isolates of HIV-1 by a recombinant human monoclonal antibody Recognition properties of a panel of human recombinant Fab fragments to the CD4 binding site of gp120 that show differing abilities to neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Identification and characterization of a new cross-reactive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody Broadly cross-reactive HIV neutralizing human monoclonal antibody Fab selected by sequential antigen panning of a phage display library Access of antibody molecules to the conserved coreceptor binding site on glycoprotein gp120 is sterically restricted on primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Broadly crossreactive HIV-1-neutralizing human monoclonal Fab selected for binding to gp120-CD4-CCR5 complexes Identifying epitopes of HIV-1 that induce protective antibodies Selection of a novel gp41-specific HIV-1 neutralizing human antibody by competitive antigen panning Virus isolates during acute and chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection show distinct patterns of sensitivity to entry inhibitors A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-associated coronavirus Chronological evolution of IgM, IgA, IgG and neutralisation antibodies after infection with SARS-associated coronavirus Neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection Antibody responses against SARS-coronavirus and its nucleocaspid in SARS patients Development of a safe neutralization assay for SARS-CoV and characterization of S-glycoprotein SARS corona virus peptides recognized by antibodies in the sera of convalescent cases S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus mediates entry into hepatoma cell lines and is targeted by neutralizing antibodies in infected patients Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Treating severe acute respiratory syndrome with hyperimmune globulins SARS: what have we learned? Treating severe acute respiratory syndrome with hyperimmune globulins Human monoclonal antibodies to the S glycoprotein and related proteins as potential therapeutics for SARS An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80R for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Molecular and biological characterization of human monoclonal antibodies binding to the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Development and characterization of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that provides effective immunoprophylaxis in mice Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with neutralizing antibody keywords: activity; antibodies; antibody; binding; coronavirus; cov; hiv; hmabs; human; infection; sars; syndrome; virus cache: cord-017070-05vlz5dn.txt plain text: cord-017070-05vlz5dn.txt item: #215 of 1203 id: cord-017158-w2tlq6ho author: Moriones, Enrique title: Recombination in the TYLCV Complex: a Mechanism to Increase Genetic Diversity. Implications for Plant Resistance Development date: 2007 words: 6287 flesch: 26 summary: Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-4769-5_7 sha: doc_id: 17158 cord_uid: w2tlq6ho Mutation, reassortment, and recombination are the major sources of genetic variation of plant viruses (García-Arenal et al., 2001; Worobey & Holmes, 1999). Mutation, reassortment, and recombination are the major sources of genetic variation of plant viruses (García-Arenal et al., 2001; Worobey & Holmes, 1999) . keywords: begomoviruses; complex; curl; et al; genetic; isolates; leaf; recombinant; recombination; tomato; tylcv; virus; viruses; yellow cache: cord-017158-w2tlq6ho.txt plain text: cord-017158-w2tlq6ho.txt item: #216 of 1203 id: cord-017167-8cdbcrh7 author: Ahola, Tero title: Functions of Chikungunya Virus Nonstructural Proteins date: 2016-12-03 words: 10506 flesch: 39 summary: Reaction in alphavirus mRNA capping: formation of a covalent complex of nonstructural protein nsP1 with 7-methyl-GMP Sequence analysis reveals a conserved extension in the capping enzyme of the alphavirus supergroup, and a homologous domain in nodaviruses Critical residues of Semliki Forest virus RNA capping enzyme involved in methyltransferase and guanylyltransferase-like activities Semliki Forest virus mRNA capping enzyme requires association with anionic membrane phospholipids for activity Evasion of the innate immune response: the Old World alphavirus nsP2 protein induces rapid degradation of Rpb1, a catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase II An in vitro assay to study chikungunya virus RNA synthesis and the mode of action of inhibitors Development of Sindbis viruses encoding nsP2/GFP chimeric proteins and their application for studying nsP2 functioning Interferon-stimulated poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases are potent inhibitors of cellular translation and virus replication A unique role for the host ESCRT proteins in replication of Tomato bushy stunt virus Semliki forest virus-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress accelerates apoptotic death of mammalian cells Computer-aided identification, design and synthesis of a novel series of compounds with selective antiviral activity against chikungunya virus Expression of the zinc-finger antiviral protein inhibits alphavirus replication Mapping of chikungunya virus interactions with host proteins identified nsP2 as a highly connected viral component Semliki Forest virus nonstructural protein 2 is involved in suppression of the type I interferon response Comparative analysis of the genome sequences and replication profiles of chikungunya virus isolates within the East, Central and South African (ECSA) lineage Arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice Tracking and elucidating alphavirus-host protein interactions Host factors associated with the Sindbis virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: role for G3BP1 and G3BP2 in virus replication Heat shock protein 90 positively regulates Chikungunya virus replication by stabilizing viral non-structural protein nsP2 during infection Functional cross-talk between distant domains of chikungunya virus non-structural protein 2 is decisive for its RNA-modulating activity Design and validation of novel chikungunya virus protease inhibitors Sindbis virus RNA polymerase is degraded by the N-end rule pathway Conventional and unconventional mechanisms for capping viral mRNA Mutations in the chikungunya virus non-structural proteins cause resistance to favipiravir (T-705), a broad-spectrum antiviral The viral capping enzyme nsP1: a novel target for the inhibition of chikungunya virus infection Modification of Asn374 of nsP1 suppresses a Sindbis virus nsP4 minus-strand polymerase mutant Macrodomain-containing proteins: regulating new intracellular functions of mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation Selection of RNA replicons capable of persistent noncytopathic replication in mammalian cells Random insertion mutagenesis of sindbis virus nonstructural protein 2 and selection of variants incapable of downregulating cellular transcription Roles of nonstructural protein nsP2 and alpha/beta interferons in determining the outcome of Sindbis virus infection Formation of nsP3-specific protein complexes during Sindbis virus replication Functional Sindbis virus replicative complexes are formed at the plasma membrane Chikungunya virus nonstructural protein 2 inhibits type I/II interferonstimulated JAK-STAT signaling Chikungunya virus nsP3 blocks stress granule assembly by recruitment of G3BP into cytoplasmic foci The C-terminal domain of chikungunya virus nsP2 independently governs viral RNA replication, cytopathicity, and inhibition of interferon signaling Chikungunya virus nsP2-mediated host shut-off disables the unfolded protein response Sindbis virus nonstructural protein nsP2 is cytotoxic and inhibits cellular transcription The Old World and New World alphaviruses use different virus-specific proteins for induction of transcriptional shutoff PKR-dependent and -independent mechanisms are involved in translational shutoff during Sindbis virus infection Inhibition of transcription and translation in Sindbis virus-infected cells Ability of minus strands and modified plus strands to act as templates in Semliki Forest virus RNA replication Thiazolidone derivatives as inhibitors of chikungunya virus BST-2/tetherin-mediated restriction of chikungunya (CHIKV) VLP budding is counteracted by CHIKV non-structural protein 1 (nsP1) Chikungunya virus-induced autophagy delays caspase-dependent cell death Species-specific impact of the autophagy machinery on chikungunya virus infection Functions of alphavirus nonstructural proteins in RNA replication Template RNA length determines the size of replication complex spherules for Semliki Forest virus NTPase and 5′-RNA triphosphatase activities of chikungunya virus nsP2 protein New World and Old World alphaviruses have evolved to exploit different components of stress granules, FXR and G3BP proteins, for assembly of viral replication complexes Three-dimensional analysis of a viral RNA replication complex reveals a virus-induced mini-organelle Chikungunya triggers an autophagic process which promotes viral replication Construction of an infectious chikungunya virus cDNA clone and stable insertion of mCherry reporter genes at two different sites The effects of palmitoylation on membrane association of Semliki forest virus RNA capping enzyme Membrane binding mechanism of an RNA virus-capping enzyme Polypeptide requirements for assembly of functional Sindbis virus replication complexes: a model for the temporal regulation of minus-and plus-strand RNA synthesis Viral macro domains reverse protein ADP-ribosylation Identification of the amino acid sequence in Sindbis virus nsP4 that binds to the promoter for the synthesis of the subgenomic RNA A phenotypic assay to identify chikungunya virus inhibitors targeting the nonstructural protein nsP2 Molecular determinants of substrate specificity for Semliki Forest virus nonstructural protease Macromolecular assembly-driven processing of the 2/3 cleavage site in the alphavirus replicase polyprotein Presentation overrides specificity: probing the plasticity of alphaviral proteolytic activity through mutational analysis The crystal structures of Chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP3 macro domains define a conserved adenosine binding pocket Role for conserved residues of Sindbis virus nonstructural protein 2 methyltransferase-like domain in regulation of minus-strand synthesis and development of cytopathic infection Ribosomal protein S6 associates with alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 and mediates expression from alphavirus messages SH3 domain-mediated recruitment of host cell amphiphysins by alphavirus nsP3 promotes viral RNA replication RIG-I and MDA-5 detection of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity restricts positive-strand RNA virus replication The C-terminal repeat domains of nsP3 from the Old World alphaviruses bind directly to G3BP Expression and biochemical characterization of nsP2 cysteine protease of chikungunya virus Architecture and biogenesis of plus-strand RNA virus replication factories Nuclear localization of Semliki Forest virus-specific nonstructural protein nsP2 Inhibitors of alphavirus entry and replication identified with a stable Chikungunya replicon cell line and virus-based assays Differential unfolded protein response during Chikungunya and Sindbis virus infection: CHIKV nsP4 suppresses eIF2alpha phosphorylation Chikungunya virus nsP3 & nsP4 interacts with HSP-90 to promote virus replication: Similar to other alphaviruses, CHIKV nsPs not only perform virus RNA replication but are also crucial for other activities essential for virus infection and pathogenesis. keywords: alphavirus; cells; chikungunya; chikv; domain; et al; host; infection; nsp1; nsp2; nsp3; nsp4; nsps; protein; replication; rna; strand; terminal; virus cache: cord-017167-8cdbcrh7.txt plain text: cord-017167-8cdbcrh7.txt item: #217 of 1203 id: cord-017249-la5sum39 author: Feldblyum, Tamara V. title: Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Surveillance and Disease Severity date: 2015-05-12 words: 11448 flesch: 30 summary: A virus from bats The pig as a mixing vessel for infl uenza viruses: human and veterinary implications Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal infl uenza-United States Infl uenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States Fatal cases of infl uenza A(H3N2) in children: insights from whole genome sequence analysis The signature features of infl uenza pandemics-implications for policy Transmission of infl uenza virus in temperate zones is predominantly by aerosol, in the tropics by contact Transmission of infl uenza virus via aerosols and fomites in the guinea pig model Survival of infl uenza virus on banknotes Global infl uenza seasonality: reconciling patterns across temperate and tropical regions Dynamics airborne infl uenza a viruses indoors and dependence on humidity Mitigation of pandemic infl uenza: review of cost-effectiveness studies The persistent legacy of the 1918 infl uenza virus The genomic and epidemiological dynamics of human infl uenza The timely reporting of information on circulating infl uenza viruses and the disease burden associated with seasonal and pandemic infl uenza is essential for optimal public health response, identifi cation of vulnerable populations, and for prevention and patient management strategies. keywords: associated; cases; deaths; disease; h1n1; health; infection; infl; infl uenza; information; pandemic; patients; risk; severity; surveillance; uenza; virus; viruses cache: cord-017249-la5sum39.txt plain text: cord-017249-la5sum39.txt item: #218 of 1203 id: cord-017287-70lk77zb author: Sánchez, Gloria title: Survival of Enteric Viruses in the Environment and Food date: 2016-08-26 words: 8962 flesch: 33 summary: The survival of human enteric viruses in seawater Human enteric viruses in Coquina clams associated with a large hepatitis A outbreak Effects of sanitation, freezing and frozen storage on enteric viruses in berries and herbs Surrogates for the study of norovirus stability and inactivation in the environment: a comparison of murine norovirus and feline calicivirus Assessment of microbial parameters as indicators of viral contamination of aerosol from urban sewage treatment plants Transmission of a small round structured virus by vomiting during a hospital outbreak of gastroenteritis Green onions: potential mechanism for hepatitis A contamination Possible prolonged environmental survival of small round structured viruses Isolation and genomic sequence of hepatitis A virus from mixed frozen berries in Italy Survival on uncommon fomites of feline calicivirus, a surrogate of noroviruses Discrimination of infectious hepatitis A virus and rotavirus by combining dyes and surfactants with RT-qPCR Causes of outbreaks associated with drinking water in the United States from The survival of hepatitis A virus in fresh produce Persistence of caliciviruses on environmental surfaces and their transfer to food Persistence of inoculated hepatitis A virus in mixed human and animal wastes Survie dans l'eau de mer de 20 souches de virus a ADN et Internalization and dissemination of human norovirus and animal caliciviruses in hydroponically grown romaine lettuce Differences between the thermal inactivation of picornaviruses at high and low temperatures The survival of some airborne animal viruses in relation to relative humidity Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2014 Effect of temperature, relative humidity and medium on the aerosol stability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus The epidemiology of paralytic poliomyelitis in Hawaii Internalization of sapovirus, a surrogate for norovirus, in romaine lettuce and the effect of lettuce latex on virus infectivity Outbreaks of gastroenteritis linked to lettuce Imported frozen raspberries cause a series of norovirus outbreaks in Denmark Effect of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on ambient air densities of aerosols containing bacteria and viruses Epidemiological research on the relationship between microbial quality of coastal seawater and rotavirus induced gastroenteritis among bathers on the Mediterranean Israeli beaches Major outbreak of hepatitis A associated with orange juice among tourists Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian Ocean environment: evidence for virus inactivating microorganisms Hepatitis A associated with semidried tomatoes Effect of particulates on virus survival in seawater Quantitative assessment of the adsorptive behavior of viruses to soils Natural inactivation of enteric viruses in seawater Isolation of marine bacteria with antiviral properties Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus, and selected bacteriophages to soils Detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 by means of the PLC/PRF/5 human liver cell line The role of environmental contamination with small round structured viruses in a hospital outbreak investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay An oyster-associated hepatitis A outbreak in France in 2007 Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in Norwalk virus RNA is infectious in mammalian cells Characterization of a marine bacterium associated with virus inactivating capacity Airborne microorganisms: survival tests with four viruses Seasonal occurrence of rotavirus in sewage Virus survival as a seasonal factor in infl uenza and poliomyelitis Transmission of rhinovirus colds by self-inoculation Survival and persistence of norovirus, hepatitis A virus, and feline calicivirus in marinated mussels Comparative uptake of enteric viruses into spinach and green onions Margolis HS (1999) The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of bovine rotavirus in aerosol Effects of technological processes on the tenacity and inactivation of norovirus genogroup II in experimentally contaminated foods Cold weather seasonality of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalklike viruses Stability of bovine coronavirus on lettuce surfaces under household refrigeration conditions Oyster-associated outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in Singapore Multistate outbreak of hepatitis A associated with frozen strawberries Joint analysis by the Nordic countries of a hepatitis A outbreak Capsid functions of inactivated human picornaviruses and feline calicivirus Inactivation of poliovirus and coxsackie viruses in surface water Challenges of culturing human norovirus in three-dimensional organoid intestinal cell culture models Use of propidium monoazide in reverse transcriptase PCR to distinguish between infectious and non infectious enteric viruses in water samples Human norovirus occurrence and diversity in the Llobregat river catchment Update: a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a in the Netherlands related to semidried tomatoes in oil Occurrence and isolation of airborne human enteroviruses from waste disposal and utilization plants Use of the colonic carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 for in vivo amplifi cation and detection of enteric viruses Detection of fastidious infectious enteric viruses in water Risk assessment in shellfi sh-borne outbreaks of hepatitis A Hepatitis A and frozen raspberries Isolation of enteroviruses from water, suspended solids and sediments from Galveston bay; survival of poliovirus and rotavirus adsorbed to sediments Persistence of human rhinovirus infectivity under diverse environmental conditions Frozen raspberries and hepatitis A Detection of infectious enteroviruses by an integrated cell culture-PCR procedure ICC/PCR detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in environmental samples An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with the consumption of raw beef Survival of human enteric viruses in the environment and food Effect of acid pH, salt and temperature on the infectivity and physical integrity of enteroviruses Molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from a transcontinental shellfi sh-borne outbreak Genome variability and capsid structural constraints of hepatitis A virus Discrimination of infectious hepatitis A viruses by propidium monoazide real-time RT-PCR Quantifi cation and genotyping of human sapoviruses in the Llobregat River catchment Enteric pathogens and soil: a short review Effect of relative humidity on the airborne survival of rotavirus SA11 Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission Survival of human rhinovirus type 14 dried onto nonporous inanimate surfaces: effect of relative humidity and suspending medium Economic burden from health losses due to foodborne illness in the United States Acid stability of hepatitis A virus Foodborne viruses and fresh produce Molecular confi rmation of oysters as the vector for hepatitis A in a 2005 multistate outbreak Survival of hepatitis A virus in spinach during low temperature storage Natural virus inactivation processes in seawater Effect of humic and fulvic acid on poliovirus concentration from water by microporous fi ltration Interactions and survival of enteric viruses in soil materials Survival and persistence of hepatitis A virus in environmental samples. keywords: days; effect; enteric; et al; food; hav; hepatitis; human; humidity; infectious; nov; persistence; soil; studies; surfaces; survival; viruses; water cache: cord-017287-70lk77zb.txt plain text: cord-017287-70lk77zb.txt item: #219 of 1203 id: cord-017326-1caeui30 author: Seay, Montrell title: Digesting Oneself and Digesting Microbes: Autophagy as a Host Response to Viral Infection date: 2005 words: 11417 flesch: 26 summary: An interesting question is whether viral protein aggregates trigger autophagy by mechanisms that are similar to those involved in autophagy induction initiated by cellular protein aggregates. Thus, the eIF2 kinase-dependent autophagy signaling pathway not only regulates the degradation of long-lived cellular proteins but also regulates the degradation of viral proteins. keywords: autophagy; beclin; cell; death; function; genes; host; hsv-1; infection; kinase; pathway; pkr; protein; replication; role; signaling; virus; viruses cache: cord-017326-1caeui30.txt plain text: cord-017326-1caeui30.txt item: #220 of 1203 id: cord-017331-ru7mvfc0 author: Samanta, Indranil title: Infectious Diseases date: 2017-02-25 words: 37743 flesch: 42 summary: Among different species under the genus Mycoplasma, M. gallisepticum, M. iowae, and M. sturni are associated with pet bird infection. Among the members of family Reoviridae, Orbivirus mostly causes pet bird infection. keywords: acid; amazon; avian; avium; birds; blood; blue; body; borrelia; budgerigars; burgdorferi; cases; cells; chlamydia; crop; days; death; detection; disease; faeces; family; feather; fig; finches; form; growth; host; human; infected; infection; influenza; intestine; isolation; lesions; liver; major; mycobacterium; non; oocysts; oral; organs; parakeets; parrots; passerine birds; pcr; period; pet; pigeons; presence; protein; psittacine; psittacine birds; red; salmonella; samples; signs; species; specific; spleen; spp; symptoms; ticks; tissue; transmission; treatment; tuberculosis; virus; virus infection; water; weight; wild; wnv cache: cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt plain text: cord-017331-ru7mvfc0.txt item: #221 of 1203 id: cord-017364-d9zmdm23 author: Crowe, James E. title: Paramyxoviruses: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus date: 2014-02-27 words: 18355 flesch: 27 summary: A prospective, longitudinal study in young children Respiratory syncytial virus infections within families Respiratory syncytial virus infections in previously healthy working adults Antigenic and genetic diversity among the attachment proteins of group A respiratory syncytial viruses that have caused repeat infections in children Pattern of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in Finland: two-year cycles with alternating prevalence of groups A and B Subgroup characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus strains recovered from children with two consecutive infections An antigenic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus isolates by a plaque reduction neutralization test Antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus strains with monoclonal antibodies Strain-specifi c serum antibody responses in infants undergoing primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus The G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial viruses of subgroups A and B: extensive sequence divergence between antigenically related proteins Clinical severity of respiratory syncytial virus group A and B infection in Sydney, Australia Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain Variation in severity of respiratory syncytial virus infections with subtype Distribution and clinical impact of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children over 2 winter seasons RSV infection-not for kids only Impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on surgery for congenital heart disease: postoperative course and outcome Variable morbidity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with underlying lung disease: a review of the PICNIC RSV database. Routine isolation procedure vs routine procedure supplemented by use of masks and goggles The use of eye-nose goggles to control nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection Rapid identifi cation of respiratory viruses: impact on isolation practices and transmission among immunocompromised pediatric patients Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections: prevention and control in bone marrow transplant patients Respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants: quantitation and duration of shedding Quantitative shedding patterns of respiratory syncytial virus in infants Environmental and demographic risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract disease Casecontrol study of the risk factors linked to respiratory syncytial virus infection requiring hospitalization in premature infants born at a gestational age of 33-35 weeks in Spain The Pediatric Investigators Collaborative Network on Infections in Canada study of predictors of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants born at 33 through 35 completed weeks of gestation Respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children Differential gender response to respiratory infections and to the protective effect of breast milk in preterm infants Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virusassociated lower respiratory illnesses in the fi rst year of life Epidemiologic patterns of acute lower respiratory disease of children in a pediatric group practice Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory disease in children Clinically useful method for the isolation of respiratory syncytial virus Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska Native children Modes of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus Possible transmission by fomites of respiratory syncytial virus Infectivity of respiratory syncytial virus by various routes of inoculation An outbreak of febrile illness and pneumonia associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus load predicts disease severity in previously healthy infants Illness severity, viral shedding, and antibody responses in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus Latency and persistence of respiratory syncytial virus despite T cell immunity Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human mononuclear leukocytes in vitro and in vivo Respiratory syncytial virus RNA in cells from the peripheral blood during acute infection Speculation on pathogenesis in death from respiratory syncytial virus infection Demonstration of respiratory syncytial virus in an autopsy series Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specifi c to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology Pathological changes in virus infections of the lower respiratory tract in children Age as a factor in the distribution of lower-airway conductance and in the pathologic anatomy of obstructive lung disease Seasonality of invasive pneumococcal disease: temporal relation to documented infl uenza and respiratory syncytial viral circulation Vaccine keywords: acute; adults; antibodies; cells; children; detection; disease; human; infants; infection; infl; metapneumovirus; metapneumovirus infection; mpv; patients; protein; respiratory; risk; rsv; studies; study; syncytial; tract; vaccine; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; years cache: cord-017364-d9zmdm23.txt plain text: cord-017364-d9zmdm23.txt item: #222 of 1203 id: cord-017429-3evwlfac author: Hubálek, Zdenek title: Vertebrates as Hosts and Reservoirs of Zoonotic Microbial Agents date: 2010-11-10 words: 4952 flesch: 55 summary: American species roosting in large colonies (sometimes thousands of individuals -Mexico, New Mexico, Texas) in caves and buildings, migratory (up to 1,280 km). Orientia tsutsugamushi, Chlamydophila abortus, Leptospira pomona (reservoir), L. australis, L. tarassovi, Listeria monocytogenes African species of savannah, omnivorous. keywords: african; american; bacteria; insects; living; lyssavirus; north; protozoa; reservoir; south; species; viruses; yersinia cache: cord-017429-3evwlfac.txt plain text: cord-017429-3evwlfac.txt item: #223 of 1203 id: cord-017489-ftz9190a author: Richards, Guy A. title: Viruses in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) date: 2005 words: 5796 flesch: 37 summary: -2 % from 15-30% if initiated within the first 8 days of illness (12) and is also possibly of value in Lassa virus infection (13). Porterfield JS Clinical Practice and Public Health Control Virus induced endothelial permeability triggered by affected macrophages Hemostasis and the complement system in Argentine hemorrhagic fever Cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to Pichinde virus infection in strain 13 guinea pigs A nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever at Tyberberg Hospital (part II). keywords: cytomegalovirus; days; disease; fever; hepatitis; infection; mortality; patients; pneumonia; therapy; treatment; varicella; viral; virus cache: cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt plain text: cord-017489-ftz9190a.txt item: #224 of 1203 id: cord-017527-ylng1us2 author: Herman, Philippe title: Biosafety Recommendations on the Handling of Animal Cell Cultures date: 2014-11-05 words: 10241 flesch: 28 summary: Cell cultures known to harbour an infectious etiologic agent should be manipulated in compliance with containment measures recommended for the etiologic agent itself. The manipulation of cell cultures from human or primate origin necessitates the use of a type II biosafety cabinet. keywords: animal; assessment; biosafety; cell; cell cultures; cell lines; containment; contamination; et al; health; human; laboratory; lines; organisms; risk; risk assessment; use; virus; viruses cache: cord-017527-ylng1us2.txt plain text: cord-017527-ylng1us2.txt item: #225 of 1203 id: cord-017537-ztdz4a2s author: Bologna, Mauro title: Biological Agents and Bioterrorism date: 2014-09-18 words: 3325 flesch: 47 summary: On this widely interesting theme for the world diffusion of new virus strains with pandemic potential, I wrote in 2010 together with the colleague virologist Aldo Lepidi a book entitled Pandemics -virology, pathology and prevention of infl uenza (Bollati Boringhieri publisher, Turin, Italy , 2010) [ 10 ] . Spores germinate and multiply in favourable conditions (wet skin, tissue, blood) and can give human disease by contact (papules, black eschars, contagious also via fomites) ingestion (raw meat > fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), and inhalation (fl u-like illness, respiratory distress, cyanosis, shock, coma). keywords: disease; host; human; infection; smallpox; species; treatment; use; virus cache: cord-017537-ztdz4a2s.txt plain text: cord-017537-ztdz4a2s.txt item: #226 of 1203 id: cord-017568-8fnr4zzv author: Wang, Lin-Fa title: Disease Outbreaks Caused by Emerging Paramyxoviruses of Bat Origin date: 2008 words: 6819 flesch: 45 summary: Developments towards effective treatments for Nipah and Hendra virus infection Receptor-binding, fusion inhibition and induction of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies by a soluble G glycoprotein of Hendra virus Inhibition of henipavirus fusion and infection by heptad-derived peptides of the Nipah virus fusion protein Completion of the full-length genome sequence of Menangle virus: Characterisation of the polymerase gene and genomic 5 trailer region Molecular characterization of Menangle virus, a novel paramyxovirus which infects pigs, fruit bats, and humans Nipah virus identified as the agent responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in Siliguri Probable human infection with a newly described virus in the family Paramyxoviridae Treatment of acute Nipah encephalitis with ribavirin Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian island flying-foxes The presence of Nipah virus in respiratory secretions and urine of patients during an outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia Tioman virus, a novel paramyxovirus isolated from fruit bats in Malaysia Full length genome sequence of Tioman virus, a novel paramyxovirus in the genus Rubulavirus isolated from fruit bats in Malaysia Nipah virus considerations for regional preparedness Hendra and Nipah viruses: Different and dangerous Novel viral encephalitides associated with bats (Chiroptera)-host management strategies The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses Emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses: The role of pteropid bats Henipaviruses: Emerging paramyxoviruses associated with fruit bats Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia Measles viruses Antibody prophylaxis and therapy against Nipah virus infection in hamsters Flying foxes Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: A natural reservoir of Hendra virus Genetic characterization of Nipah virus The retrospective diagnosis of a second outbreak of equine morbillivirus infection Lesions of experimental equine morbillivirus pneumonia in horses Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence Outbreaks of viral encephalitis due to Nipah/Hendra-like viruses Nipah encephalitis outbreak over wide area of Western Bangladesh Person to person transmission of Nipah virus during outbreak in Faridpur district Nipah virus outbreak from date palm juice Order Chiroptera Inadequate research facilities fail to tackle mystery disease Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Reproductive disease and congenital malformations caused by Menangle virus in pigs Emerging encephalitogenic viruses: lyssaviruses and henipaviruses transmitted by frugivorous bats Managing emerging diseases borne by fruit bats (flying foxes), with particular reference to henipaviruses and Australian bat lyssavirus Virus taxonomy -Houston Experimental Nipah virus infection in pigs and cats Nipah virus infection of pigs in peninsular Malaysia A cohort study of health care workers to assess nosocomial transmissibility of Nipah virus A novel morbillivirus pneumonia of horses and its transmission to humans A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses Antibodies to Nipah-like virus in bats Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore An apparently new virus (family Paramyxoviridae) infectious for pigs, humans, and fruit bats The order Mononegavirales Hendra virus -Australia (Queensland). This review will focus on the disease outbreaks caused by emerging bat viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae. keywords: bats; et al; fruit; hev; human; nipah; niv; outbreak; patients; pigs; transmission; virus cache: cord-017568-8fnr4zzv.txt plain text: cord-017568-8fnr4zzv.txt item: #227 of 1203 id: cord-017748-xy26tk0t author: Georgiev, Vassil St. title: Influenza date: 2009 words: 11778 flesch: 31 summary: The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits and courses of antibiotics in children Influenza and the rates of hospitalization for respiratory disease among infants and young children Report of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Influenza Research Safety of high doses of influenza vaccine and effect on antibody responses in elderly persons Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated subvirion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine Safety and immunogenicity of nonadjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H9N2 vaccine preparation Emerging respiratory viruses: challenges and vaccine strategies Avian flu to human influenza Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans Avian influenza A (H5N1) Immunity to influenza in man Determinants of immunity to influenza infection in man The role of the antibody response in influenza virus infection Antiviral activity of antiserum specific for an influenza virus neuraminidase Association of serum anti-neuraminidase antibody with resistance to influenza in man Continuing evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in Southeastern China Avian influenza A virus (H7N7) associated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome Novel avian influenza H7N3 strain outbreak Recombination resulting in virulence shift in avian influenza outbreak H1 and H7 influenza haemagglutinin structures extend a structural classification of haemagglutinin subtypes Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses Phylogenetic analysis of H7 haemagglutinin subtype influenza A viruses Transmission of Eurasian avian H2 influenza virus to shorebirds in North America The molecular epidemiology of influenza virus Structural basis of immune recognition of influenza virus hemagglutinin Development of cell culture (MDCK) live cold-adapted (CA) attenuated influenza vaccine A new European perspective of influenza pandemic planning with a particular focus on the role of mammalian cell culture vaccines Protective efficacy of intranasal cold-adapted influenza A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) vaccines comprised of egg-or cell culture-derived reassortants A mouse model for the evaluation of pathogenesis and immunity to influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans Vaccines against H5N1 influenza Generation and evaluation of a high-growth reassortant H9N2 influenza A virus as a pandemic vaccine candidate Immunity to influenza A H9N2 viruses induced by infection and vaccination Avirulent avian influenza virus as a vaccine strain against a potential human pandemic Evaluation of a genetically modified reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus vaccine candidate generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics Immunization with reverse-geneticsproduced H5N1 influenza vaccine protects ferrets against homologous and heterologous challenge Cross-protectiveness and immunogenicity of influenza A/Duck/Singapore/3/97 (H5) vaccines against infection with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) virus in ferrets Generation of influenza vaccine viruses on Vero cells by reverse genetics: an H5N1 candidate vaccine strain produced under a quality system Responsiveness to a pandemic alert: use of reverse genetics for rapid development of influenza vaccines Safety and antigenicity of non-adjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/Duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine: a randomised trial of two potential vaccines against H5N1 influenza Boosting immunity to influenza H5N1 with MF59-adjuvanted H5N3 Singapore/97 vaccine in a primed human population Safety and immunogenicity of nonadjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H9N2 vaccine preparations Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated split-virion influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) vaccine: phase I randomised trial Pandemic preparedness: lessons learnt from H2N2 and H9N2 candidate vaccines Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated adjuvanted whole-virion influenza A (H5N1) vaccine: a phase I randomised controlled trial Trials of influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus vaccine in normal children: an overview of age-related antigenicity and reactogenicity Safety and antigenicity of whole virus and subunit influenza A/Hong Kong/1073/99 (H9N2) vaccine in healthy adults: phase I randomised trial Summary of clinical trials of influenza virus vaccines in adults Generation of high-yielding influenza Not until 1933, when the first human influenza virus was isolated, was it possible to define with certainty which pandemics were caused by influenza viruses. keywords: avian; h5n1; h9n2; hemagglutinin; human; immunity; infection; influenza; influenza virus; mice; niaid; pandemic; protein; studies; subtypes; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-017748-xy26tk0t.txt plain text: cord-017748-xy26tk0t.txt item: #228 of 1203 id: cord-017752-ofzm3x3a author: None title: Theories of Carcinogenesis date: 2007 words: 12300 flesch: 42 summary: According to Virchow's dictum omnis cellula e cellule cells of diseased tissues are derived from normal tissues, implying that malfunction begets disease (significantly, Virchow had been a student of Müller's, who had demonstrated in 1838 that cancer is made up of cells, not lymph; but he was of the opinion that cancer cells arose from interstitial budding elements, blastema, not from normal cells). As one possible underlying reason, the biochemist Otto von Warburg [von Warburg 1930] had suggested that the oxidative metabolism in cancer cells is replaced by glycolysis and that the excessive proliferation of cancer cells reflects their ability to metabolize independently of oxygen. keywords: analysis; breast; cancer; cancer cells; carcinogenesis; carcinoma; cause; cells; chemical; development; dna; et al; expression; gene; growth; human; leukemia; metastasis; mutations; number; progression; proteins; radiation; research; risk; sarcoma; system; theory; tissue; transformation; tumor; tumor cells; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-017752-ofzm3x3a.txt plain text: cord-017752-ofzm3x3a.txt item: #229 of 1203 id: cord-017758-zfudssm9 author: Fong, I. W. title: Emergence of New Tickborne Infections date: 2017-02-08 words: 8057 flesch: 45 summary: [Bunyaviridae]: a novel species of the genus Phlebovirus and its relationship with other emerging tickborne phleboviruses Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with novel bunyavirus in China Metagenomic analysis of fever, thrombocytopenia and leucopenia syndrome [FTLS] in Hennan Province, China: discovery of a new bunyavirus Evolutionary and molecular analysis of the emergent severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus Characterization of the Uukuiemi virus group [Phlebovirus: Bunyaviridae]: evidence of seven distinct species Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tickborne zoonosis Bunyavirus-vector interactions Identification of two severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus strains originating from reassortment Clinical and epidemiological study on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Yiyuan County Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus Emerging hemorrhagic fever in China caused by a novel bunyavirus SFTSV Characterization of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in rural regions of Zhejiang A study of seroprevalence and rates of asymptomatic viremia of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus among Chinese blood donors Systemic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics Seroprevalence of antibodies against SFTS virus infection in farmers and animals Acute thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, and multiorgan dysfunction: the first case of SFTS Bunyavirus outside of China? Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, South Korea Severe fever with thrombocytopenia virus The first identification and retrospective study of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Japan Sensitive and specific PCR systems for detection of both Chinese and Japanese severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus strains and prediction of patient survival based on viral load The ecology, genetic diversity, and phylogeny of Huaiyangshan virus in China SFTS virus in ticks in endemic areas of China Prevalence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in Haemaphipalis longicornis ticks in South Korea Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks collected from humans, South Korea Preparation and evaluation of recombinant severe fever with thromboctypenia syndrome virus nucleocapsid protein for detection of total antibodies in human and animal sera by double-antigen sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay A cross-sectional survey of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection of domestic animals in Laizhou City Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus among domesticated animals Investigation of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome The pathogenesis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in alpha/beta interferon knockout mice: insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of a new hemorrhagic fever Pathogenesis of emerging severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in C57/BL6 mouse model SFTS virus infection in nonhuman primates Immunization with recombinant SFTSV/NSs protein does not promote viral clearance in SFTSV-infected C57BL/6J mice Therapeutic effect of post-exposure treatment with antiserum on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome keywords: animals; borrelia; cases; china; disease; fever; host; human; infection; patients; sftsv; syndrome; thrombocytopenia; thrombocytopenia syndrome; tickborne; ticks; transmission; virus cache: cord-017758-zfudssm9.txt plain text: cord-017758-zfudssm9.txt item: #230 of 1203 id: cord-017764-h1w9gbxk author: Meanwell, Nicholas A. title: The Discovery and Development of Daclatasvir: An Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Replication Complex date: 2018-06-08 words: 9282 flesch: 31 summary: Hepatitis C viruses NS5A -from obscurity to new target for HCV therapy Targeting the NS5A protein of HCV: an emerging option Small molecule inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus-encoded NS5A protein NS5A: a new target for antiviral drugs in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitors Modeling shows that the NS5A inhibitor daclatasvir has two modes of action and yields a shorter estimate of the hepatitis C virus half-life Kinetic analyses reveal potent and early blockade of hepatitis C virus assembly by NS5A inhibitors Multiple ascending dose study of BMS-790052, a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 Interaction between hepatitis C virus and host cell factors HCVpro: hepatitis C virus protein interaction database Understanding the biological context of NS5A-host interactions in HCV infection: a network-based approach Affinity capture and identification of host cell factors associated with hepatitis C virus (+) strand subgenomic RNA The Discovery and Development of Daclatasvir: An Inhibitor of the Identification and comparative analysis of hepatitis C virus-host cell protein interactions Host cell kinases and the hepatitis C virus lifecycle Potent hepatitis C inhibitors bind directly to NS5A and reduce its affinity for RNA Direct binding of ledipasvir to HCV NS5A: mechanism of resistance to an HCV antiviral agent Resensitizing daclatasvir-resistance hepatitis C variants by allosteric modulation of NS5A Synergistic activity of combined NS5A inhibitors Asymmetric binding to NS5A by daclatasvir (BMS-790052) and analogs suggests two novel modes of HCV inhibition Resistance patterns associated with HCV NS5A inhibitors provide limited insight into drug binding A refined model of the HCV NS5A protein bound to daclatasvir explains drug-resistant mutations and activity against divergent genotypes A comprehensive computational analysis for the binding modes of hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors: the question of symmetry Overall structural model of NS5A protein from hepatitis C virus and modulation by mutations conferring resistance of virus replication to cyclosporin A Mechanisms of hepatitis C viral resistance to direct acting antivirals From structure to function: new insights into hepatitis C virus RNA replication Inhibition and avoidance of mRNA degradation by RNA viruses Attacked from all sides: RNA decay in antiviral defense Small molecules targeting hepatitis C virus-encoded NS5A cause subcellular redistribution of their target: insights into compound modes of action The effect of NS5A inhibitors on NS5A phosphorylation, polyprotein processing and localization Daclatasvir-like inhibitors of NS5A block early biogenesis of hepatitis C virus-induced membranous replication factories, independent of RNA replication Daclatasvir prevents hepatitis C virus infectivity by blocking transfer of the viral genome to assembly sites The hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor (BMS-790052) alters the subcellular localization of the NS5A non-structural viral protein Cyclophilin and NS5A inhibitors, but not other anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) agents, preclude HCV-mediated formation of double-membrane-vesicle viral factories Practical and efficient strategy for evaluating oral absolute bioavailability with an intravenous microdose of a stable isotopically-labeled drug using a selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry assay Daclatasvir: a review of its use in adult patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection Daclatasvir: a review of preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics Daclatasvir: a review in chronic hepatitis C Contribution of a mutational bias in hepatitis C virus replication to the genetic barrier in the development of drug resistance Antiviral resistance and the future landscape of hepatitis C virus infection therapy Importance of HCV genotype 1 subtypes for drug resistance and response to therapy Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of variants resistant to hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor BMS-790052 in humans: in vitro and in vivo correlations Hepatitis C virus RNA elimination and development of resistance in replicon cells treated with BMS-790052 Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-α therapy New kinetic models for the hepatitis C virus Modeling HCV kinetics under therapy using PK and PD information Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with interferon and small molecule direct antivirals: viral kinetics and modeling Quantifying the diversification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) during primary infection: estimates of the in vivo mutation rate The Discovery and Development of Daclatasvir: An Inhibitor of the Mathematical modeling of HCV infection: what can it teach us in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents? The efficacy and safety of dual oral therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for genotype 1b in Japanese real-life settings The practical management of chronic hepatitis C infection in Japan -dual therapy of daclatasvir + asunaprevir The Discovery and Development of Daclatasvir: An Inhibitor of the Daclatasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection Efficacy and safety of daclatasvir in hepatitis C: an overview Discovery and preclinical characterization of the cyclopropylindolobenzazepine BMS-791325, a potent allosteric inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase UNITY-1 Study Group (2013) Fixed-dose combination therapy with daclatasvir, asunaprevir, and beclabuvir for noncirrhotic patients with HCV genotype 1 infection Daclatasvir in combination with asunaprevir and beclabuvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection with compensated cirrhosis A randomized trial of daclatasvir in combination with asunaprevir and beclabuvir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/ beclabuvir fixed-dose combination in Japanese patients with HCV genotype 1 infection Daclatasvir/asunaprevir/beclabuvir, all-oral, fixed-dose combination for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 Beclabuvir in combination with asunaprevir and daclatasvir for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Daclatasvir with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus infection with advanced cirrhosis or post-liver transplantation recurrence Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir for HCV in patients coinfected with HIV-1 All-oral 12-week treatment with daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infection: ALLY-3 phase III study Daclatasvir plus sofobuvir, with and without ribavirin, achieved high sustained virological response rates in patients with HCV infection and advanced liver disease in a real-world cohort Long-term follow-up of clinical trial patients treated for chronic HCV infection with daclatasvir-based regimens Current therapy for chronic hepatitis C: the role of direct-acting antivirals Short-duration treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus with daclatasvir, asunaprevir, beclabuvir and sofosbuvir (FOURward study) keywords: activity; c virus; daclatasvir; discovery; genotype; gt-1a; hcv; hepatitis c; infection; inhibitors; ns5a; patients; protein; replication; replicon; rna; virus cache: cord-017764-h1w9gbxk.txt plain text: cord-017764-h1w9gbxk.txt item: #231 of 1203 id: cord-017824-0pinevfc author: Tekes, Gergely title: Vaccinia Virus-Based Reverse Genetics for Feline Coronaviruses date: 2015-09-10 words: 3196 flesch: 52 summary: This system relies on vaccinia virus, which serves as a cloning vector for the full-length FCoV cDNA. However, reverse genetic systems, which are based on different techniques other than vaccinia virus, have been developed and used successfully for the generation of various recombinant coronaviruses [ 5 -11 ] . keywords: cdna; fcov; genome; recombination; vaccinia; vaccinia virus; virus cache: cord-017824-0pinevfc.txt plain text: cord-017824-0pinevfc.txt item: #232 of 1203 id: cord-017959-g0nf1iwm author: Lipkin, W. Ian title: Diagnosis, Discovery and Dissection of Viral Diseases date: 2014-02-27 words: 5018 flesch: 27 summary: The pause on Avian H5N1 infl uenza virus transmission research should be ended The changing face of pathogen discovery and surveillance Rethinking biosafety in research on potential pandemic pathogens Diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis with PCR Evaluation of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG enzyme immunoassays in serologic diagnosis of West Nile Virus infection NS1 protein secretion during the acute phase of West Nile virus infection Asymptomatic circulation of HEV71 in Norway Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA Loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation method for detection of human papillomavirus type 6, 11, 16, and 18 Diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus infection using reverse transcription loopmediated isothermal amplifi cation Loop-mediated isothermal amplifi cation for infl uenza A (H5N1) virus. In current array platforms, virus detection is achieved via fl uorescent reporter systems-either through direct incorporation of fl uorescent nucleotides into the PCR product that is bound to the array or with a sandwich approach whereby fl uorescent-branched chains of DNA are added to the product after it is bound to the array [ 75 , 76 ] . keywords: assays; cation; detection; diagnosis; disease; human; infection; infl; pathogens; pcr; rhinovirus; uenza; virus; viruses cache: cord-017959-g0nf1iwm.txt plain text: cord-017959-g0nf1iwm.txt item: #233 of 1203 id: cord-018017-c8myq6bi author: Iversen, Patrick L. title: The Threat from Viruses date: 2018-09-30 words: 11576 flesch: 47 summary: Antisense oligonucleotide-based therapy for HIV-1 infection from laboratory to clinical trials Oligodeoxynucleotide phosphoramidates and phosphorothioates as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus A tribute to Sheik Humarr Khan and all the healthcare workers in West Africa who have sacrificed in the fight against Ebola virus disease: mae we hush Inhibition of Norovirus replication by Morpholino oligomers targeting the 5'-end of the genome Marine viruses: truth or dare Cancer virus Oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two summer campers receiving prophylaxis-North Carolina Approved antiviral drugs of the past 50 years The Eradicatio of smallpox: Edward Jenner and the first and only eradication of a human infectious disease Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection In vitro resistance and in vivo efficacy of antisense oligomer against West Nile virus Outbreak of antiviral drug-resistant influenza A in long-term care facility The perpetual challenge of infectious disease Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma Morpholino oligomers targeting the PB1 and NP genes enhance survival of mice infected with highly pathogenic influenza A H7N7 virus Inhibition of multiple subtypes of influenza a virus in cell cultures with morpholino oligomers Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers with activity against Ebola virus and Marburg virus: results of two single ascending dose studies Cytomegalovirus infection and atherosclerosis in candidate of coronary artery bypass graft Inhibition of dengue virus translation and RNA synthesis by a morpholino oligomer targeted to the terminal 3′ stem-loop structure Pharmacokinetics of an antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide against rev from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the adult male rat following single injections and continuous infusion Phase 2a study of the CCR5 monoclonal antibody PRO 140 administered intravenously to HIV-infected adults Anti-HIV-1 activity of weekly or biweekly treatment with subcutaneous PRO 140, a CCR5 monoclonal antibody Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systemic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments Passive immunity in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases Viral diversity and clonal evolution from unphased genomic data Ecology of viruses in soils: past, present and future perspectives Inhibition of dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 in cell culture with Morpholino oligomers Inhibition of respiratory Syncitial virus infections in cell cultures and in mice with morpholino oligomers Dissemination, divergence and establishment of H7N9 influenza viruses in China Health impact of globalization: towards global governance Inhibition of influenza A H3N8 virus infections in mice by morpholino oligomers Isolation and characterization of a new Vesivirus from rabbits Phosphorothioate analogs of oligodeoxyribonucleotides: inhibitors of replication and cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus Endogenous retroviruses: with us and against us The value of neuraminidase inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of seasonal influenza: a systematic review of systematic reviews Antisense morpholino oligomers directed against the 5'-end of the genome inhibit coronavirus proliferation and growth Inhibition, escape and attenuation of SARS coronavirus treated with antisense morpholino oligomers Inactivating mutations in an SH2 domain-encoding gene in X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome Inhibition of alphavirus infection in cell culture and in mice with antisense morpholino oliogmers Immunological disorders and malignancies in five young brothers Spillover animal infections and the next human pandemic Deposition rates of viruses and bacteria above the atmospheric boundary layer A prospective monitoring study of cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed critical heart surgery patients Inhibition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus by oligonucleotide methylphosphonates Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus infection in FVB mouse produces hemorrhagic disease Ancient Athenian plague proves to be typhoid Inhibition of Measles virus infection in cell cultures by peptide-conjugated Morpholino oligomers Vesivirus viremia and Seroprevalence in humans Virus specific antiviral therapy for controlling severe and fatal outbreaks of feline Calicivirus infection Chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine generates acute and durable protective immunity against ebolavirus challenge Inhibition of Vesivirus infetions in mammalian tissue culture with antisense morpholino oligomers Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide Inhibition of multiple species of picornavirus using a morpholino oligomer targeting highly conserved IRES sequence Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in male hepatiis B surface antigen carriers with chronic hepatitis who have detectable aflatoxin metabolite M1 Viruses in the sea Chemical modifications to phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer antisense molecules targeting VP24 modify their efficacy against Ebola virus infection Use of ChAd3-EBO-Z Ebola virus vaccine in Malian adults with MVA-BN-Filo: a phase I, single-blind, randomized trial, a phase 1b, open label and double blind, doseescallation trial, and a nested, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cell cultures with antisense morpholino oligomers Antiviral activity of morpholino oligomers designed to block various aspects of Equine arteritis virus amplification in cell culture PCR for detection of oseltamivir resistance mutation in influenza A(H7N9) virus IgG antibodies to dengue enhanced for FcγRIIIA binding determine disease severity Gene-specific countermeasures against Ebola virus based on antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers Advanced antisense therapies for postexposure protection against lethal filovirus infections Single component AVI-7537 antisense compound provides greater protection than double component AVI-6002 against Lethal Ebola virus infection in Rhesus Monkeys Isolation of an arenavirus closely related to Lassa virus from Mastomys natalensis in south-east Inhibition of coxsackievirus b3 in cell cultures and in mice by Peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers targeting the internal ribosomal entry site Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities in biopsies and lymphoid-cell lines from patients with Burkitt and non-Burkitt lymphomas Effect of early and late GB virus C viremia on survival of HIV-infected individuals: a meta-analysis Suppression of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by morpholino antisense oligomers West Nile virus genome cyclization and RNA replication require two pairs of long-distance RNA interactions The focus has been on viral infections because they rely on host ribosomes to produce their proteins, recent emerging infections have been from single-stranded RNA genome viruses, and replication of RNA viruses is error prone. keywords: antisense; antiviral; cell; disease; dna; ebv; et al; genome; hiv; host; human; infected; infections; influenza; inhibition; life; lymphoma; morpholino; oligomers; outbreak; percent; population; rna; studies; table; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-018017-c8myq6bi.txt plain text: cord-018017-c8myq6bi.txt item: #234 of 1203 id: cord-018040-k0h5ejjt author: Ilyinskii, P. title: Aspects of Microparticle Utilization for Potentiation of Novel Vaccines: Promises and Risks date: 2009 words: 6938 flesch: 39 summary: In: Levine Virus-like particles: passport to immune recognition Virus-like particles-universal molecular toolboxes Hepatitis B vaccine Improved design and intranasal delivery of an M2e-based human influenza A vaccine Phase I testing of a malaria vaccine composed of hepatitis B virus core particles expressing Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite epitopes Efficacy of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine in prevention of infection with human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in young women: a randomised controlled trial Prophylactic quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle vaccine in young women: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled multicentre phase II efficacy trial Sustained efficacy up to 4.5 years of a bivalent L1 virus-like particle vaccine against human papillomavirus types 16 and 18: followup from a randomised control trial Recent Developments in Vaccine Delivery Systems Immunostimulating Reconstituted Influenza Virosomes Proteosome TM Technology for Vaccines and Adjuvants Protollin: a novel adjuvant for intranasal vaccines MF59 Adjuvant Emulsion The perfect mix: recent progress in adjuvant research Vaccine adjuvants revisited A randomized, double blind study in young healthy adults comparing cell mediated and humoral immune responses induced by influenza ISCOM vaccines and conventional vaccines Adjuvant potential of aggregateforming polyglutamine domains Different Interactions between Isomeric Tetrakis-(N-Hexadecylpyridiniumyl) Porphyrins and CdS Nanoparticles Targeting dendritic cells with biomaterials: developing the next generation of vaccines Microparticle-based technologies for vaccines Type 1 and 2 immunity following vaccination is influenced by nanoparticle size: formulation of a model vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus Exploiting lymphatic transport and complement activation in nanoparticle vaccines A practical approach to the use of nanoparticles for vaccine delivery Guard against Gardasil Who's afraid of Gardasil? These biodegradable, biocompatible polymers have been approved for use in humans (e.g., as sutures, bone implants, screws and implants for sustained drug delivery) and have been extensively studied for use in the formulation of vaccine antigens. keywords: adjuvant; antigen; cells; delivery; hiv; influenza; nanoparticles; particles; response; use; vaccination; vaccine; virus cache: cord-018040-k0h5ejjt.txt plain text: cord-018040-k0h5ejjt.txt item: #235 of 1203 id: cord-018058-n3majqes author: Modrow, Susanne title: Historical Overview date: 2013-08-12 words: 5378 flesch: 42 summary: Slow virus infections principally affect the central nervous system and are caused, for example, by measles virus and JC polyomavirus. This is demonstrated, for example, by SARS virus infections (▶ Sect. 14.8), the pandemic with the new influenza A virus variant (Mexican flu, swine flu) and the threatening potential with regard to humans of new highly pathogenic influenza viruses (▶ Sect. 16.3). keywords: cancer; cells; development; disease; human; infections; pathogen; research; sect; smallpox; time; virus; viruses cache: cord-018058-n3majqes.txt plain text: cord-018058-n3majqes.txt item: #236 of 1203 id: cord-018078-clxzp1ph author: Weber, Olaf title: Coronavirus infections in veterinary medicine date: 2005 words: 4436 flesch: 39 summary: As for other coronavirus infections, only a virological examination, mainly based on serological techniques, can lead to the appropriate diagnosis. key: cord-018078-clxzp1ph authors: Weber, Olaf; Schmidt, Axel title: Coronavirus infections in veterinary medicine date: 2005 journal: Coronaviruses with Special Emphasis on First Insights Concerning SARS DOI: 10.1007/3-7643-7339-3_2 sha: doc_id: 18078 cord_uid: clxzp1ph nan tion is high frequency RNA recombination [4] . keywords: animals; coronavirus; diarrhea; disease; enteric; infection; protein; respiratory; signs; strains; symptoms; tgev cache: cord-018078-clxzp1ph.txt plain text: cord-018078-clxzp1ph.txt item: #237 of 1203 id: cord-018089-m94q75xn author: Mubareka, Samira title: Influenza Virus: The Biology of a Changing Virus date: 2010-06-18 words: 7049 flesch: 35 summary: Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses The polymerase complex genes contribute to the high virulence of the human H5N1 influenza virus isolate A/Vietnam/1203/04 Avian influenza (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in Asia in 2004 exhibit increased virulence in mammals Residue 627 of PB2 is a determinant of cold sensitivity in RNA replication of avian influenza viruses Transmission of influenza virus in a mammalian host is increased by PB2 amino acids 627K or 627E/701N Influenza virus PB1-F2 protein induces cell death through mitochondrial ANT3 and VDAC1 Influenza A virus PB1-F2 protein contributes to viral pathogenesis in mice Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in detente The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses The NS1 gene contributes to the virulence of H5N1 avian influenza viruses Large-scale sequence analysis of avian influenza isolates Glycosylation of neuraminidase determines the neurovirulence of influenza A/WSN/33 virus Sequence requirements for cleavage activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin expressed in mammalian cells Reverse genetics provides direct evidence for a correlation of hemagglutinin cleavability and virulence of an avian influenza A virus Survey of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site sequence of H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses: amino acid sequence at the HA cleavage site as a marker of pathogenicity potential In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses Influenza seasonality: underlying causes and modeling theories Seasonal dynamics of recurrent epidemics Review of aerosol transmission of influenza Finally, recent advances in our understanding of the seasonality and transmission of influenza viruses are described, and their importance for the control of the spread of these viruses is discussed. keywords: acid; avian; binding; h1n1; h5n1; host; human; infection; influenza; pandemic; pb1; receptor; rna; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-018089-m94q75xn.txt plain text: cord-018089-m94q75xn.txt item: #238 of 1203 id: cord-018164-h5k1zsyg author: Taylor, Milton W. title: What Is a Virus? date: 2014-07-22 words: 4774 flesch: 58 summary: The discovery of the Mimivirus has given rise to the discussion as to whether this is an ancestor of other viruses or is the result of genes breaking away from the host and becoming independent. The ability to undergo self-assembly makes it easy to reconstruct viruses in the test tube, and has been done for polio and other viruses. keywords: acid; cell; dna; host; infection; protein; rna; spread; virus; viruses cache: cord-018164-h5k1zsyg.txt plain text: cord-018164-h5k1zsyg.txt item: #239 of 1203 id: cord-018165-afzjx2ci author: Modrow, Susanne title: Vaccines date: 2013-08-12 words: 4014 flesch: 40 summary: It is being attempted to modify well-explored, less pathogenic viruses (e.g. adenoviruses) and vaccine viruses that were used successfully in the past (usually vaccinia viruses) by using genetic engineering methods in such a way that they encode proteins of other viral species, in addition to their own gene products necessary for infection and replication (▶ Sects. Positive marker vaccines are vaccine viruses that are characterized by a unique marker (nucleic acid sequence). keywords: immune; infection; vaccines; virus; viruses cache: cord-018165-afzjx2ci.txt plain text: cord-018165-afzjx2ci.txt item: #240 of 1203 id: cord-018166-savdgy0u author: Bosch, Albert title: Survival and Transport of Enteric Viruses in the Environment date: 2006 words: 11477 flesch: 22 summary: The survival of some airborne animal viruses in relation to relative humidity Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate Effect of temperature, relative humidity and medium on the aerosol stability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus The epidemiology of paralytic poliomyelitis in Hawaii USEPA Manual Methods for Virology Effect of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on ambient air densities of aerosols containing bacteria and viruses Concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water using pleated membrane filters Comparison between adsortion of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs Viruses and the Gut Epidemiological research on the relationship between microbial quality of coastal seawater and rotavirus induced gastroenteritis among bathers on the Mediterranean Israeli beaches Survival of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric viruses in the Mediterranean coastal waters of Tel-Aviv Viral antibodies in agricultural populations exposed to aerosols from wastewater irrigation during a viral disease outbreak Effect of the fat content of ground beef on the heat inactivation of poliovirus Viral pollution of seawater at Barcelona Adenovirus type 3 epidemic associated with intermittent chlorination of a swimming pool Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian Ocean environment: evidence for virus inactivating microorganisms Adsorption-elution with negatively and positively-charged glass powder for the concentration of hepatitis A virus from water Genotyping of rotaviruses isolated from sewage Presence of viral genomes in mineral water: a sufficient condition to assume infectious risk? Effect of particulates on virus survival in seawater Methods in Environmental Virology Development of a quantitative method for detecting enteroviruses in estuarine sediments Quantitative assessment of the adsorptive behavior of viruses to soils Three-step isolation method for sensitive detection of enterovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and small round structured viruses in water samples Epidemic of gastroenteritis caused by oysters contaminated with small round structured viruses Natural inactivation of enteric viruses in seawater Isolation of marine bacteria with antiviral properties An epidemic of cockles associated hepatitis A in Singapore Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus, and selected bacteriophages to soils Viradel method for detection of rotavirus from seawater Human enteroviruses in oysters and their overlaying waters Detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 by means of the PLC/PRF/5 human liver cell line Investigations of the inactivation of infectious swine paralysis virus in scalded sausages Survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV), poliovirus and F-specific coliphages in disposable and landfill leachates The role of environmental contamination with small round structured viruses in a hospital outbreak investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in Characterization of a marine bacterium associated with virus inactivating capacity An epidemic of hepatitis A attributable to the ingestion of raw clams in Shanghai An epidemic of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in a nursing home for the elderly Airborne microorganisms: survival tests with four viruses Seasonal occurrence of rotavirus in sewage Virus survival as a seasonal factor in influenza and poliomyelitis Transmission of rhinovirus colds by self-inoculation Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish A community waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak: evidence for rotavirus as the agent Heterogeneity and seroprevalence of a newly identified avian hepatitis E virus from chickens in the United States Study of persistence of enteric viruses in land filled disposable diapers Recherche des virus dans le milieu marin à partir d'échantillons de volumes différents An outbreak of calicivirus associated gastroenteritis in an elderly persons home: a possible zoonosis? Waterborne outbreak of rotavirus diarrhoea in adults in China caused by a novel rotavirus Influence of aerobic microorganisms upon virus survival in soil Development of quantitative methods for the detection of enteroviruses in sewage sludges during activation and following land disposal Effects of environmental variables and soil characteristics on virus survival in soil Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E Comparison of the airborne survival of calf rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) aerosolized as a mixture Characterization of a novel human calicivirus that may be a naturally occurring recombinant Occurrence of bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis and other viruses in polluted marine sediments Gastroenteritis due to Norwalk virus: an outbreak associated with a municipal water system Processes controlling virus inactivation in coastal waters Survival of viruses Organic flocculation: an efficient second-step concentration method for the detection of viruses in tap water Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water Survival and detection of rotaviruses on environmental surfaces in day care centers Study of an epidemic of non A, non B hepatitis-possibility of another human hepatitis virus distinct from post-transfusion non A, non B type Detection of both hepatitis A virus and Norwalk-like virus in imported clams associated with food-borne illness Unsaturated free fatty acids inactivate animal enveloped viruses Survival of enteric viruses on fresh vegetables Virus inactivation by grapes and wines Antiviral effect of commercial juices and beverages Norwalk virus enteric illness acquired by swimming exposure Detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses in waters by reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction and hybridization Survival of enteroviruses on vegetables irrigated with chlorinated oxidation pond effluents A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Outbreak of viral gastroenteritis due to drinking water contaminated by Norwalk-like viruses Relationships between environmental factors, bacterial indicators and the occurrence of enteric viruses in estuarine sediments Accumulation of sediment-associated viruses in shellfish Persistence of virus on sewageirrigated vegetables Recherche des virus et des salmonelles dans la Loire par une méthode d'adsorption-élution sur filtres en microfibre de verre Enteric virus behavior in sand dunes Detection of hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, and enterovirus in naturally contaminated shellfish and sediment by reverse transcription-seminested PCR Detection and analysis of a SRSV strain in oysters implicated in an outbreak Type A viral hepatitis-new developments in an old disease An outbreak of an enterovirus-like illness at a community wading pool: implications for public health inspection programs Polyethylene glycol precipitation for recovery of pathogenic viruses, including hepatits A virus and human rotavirus, from oysters, water and sediment samples The Darwin outbreak of oyster associated viral gastroenteritis Waterborne disease outbreaks 1946-1980: a thirty-five-year perspective Stability of human enteroviruses in estuarine and marine waters Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe Identification of viruses isolated from sewage, river water and coastal seawater in Barcelona Virus survival on inanimate surfaces Virucidal action of seawater Effect of relative humidity and air temperature on survival of hepatitis A virus on environmental surfaces Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces Survival of coxsackie virus B3 under diverse environmental conditions Food-related illness and death in the United States Detection of rotavirus in sewage and creek water: efficiency of the concentration method A water-borne urban epidemics of hepatitis, in: Hepatitis Frontiers The ecology of enteroviruses in natural waters A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus Aerosol stability of three acute respiratory disease viruses Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks-United States Hepatitis A outbreak associated with green onions at a restaurant The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of bovine rotavirus in aerosol The effects of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of human rotavirus in feces Enteroviral disease in the United States, 1970-1979 Waterborne disease in the United States Widespread outbreaks of clam-and oyster-associated gastroenteritis: role of Norwalk virus Transmission of viruses by drinking water Cold weather seasonality of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalklike viruses An Australia-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis from oysters caused by Norwalk virus Infectious gastroenteritis in Norfolk Island and recovery of viruses from drinking water Molecular analysis of poliovirus 3 isolated from an aerosol generated by a waste water treatment plant Pretreatment to avoid positive RT-PCR results with inactivated viruses Inactivation of poliovirus and coxsackie viruses in surface water Viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in German children: prevalence and molecular diversity Epidemic hepatitis A from cockles Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus diarrhea in the United States, 1993 through 1995: surveillance based on the new ICD-9-CM rotavirus-specific diagnostic code Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint-Lawrence river (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water Occurrence and isolation of airborne human enteroviruses from waste disposal and utilization plants Use of the colonic carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 for in vivo amplification and detection of enteric viruses Detection of fastidious infectious enteric viruses in water Astrovirus detection in wastewater samples Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis Environmental virology Isolation of enteroviruses from water, suspended solids and sediments from Galveston bay; survival of poliovirus and rotavirus adsorbed to sediments Development of a method for concentration of rotavirus and its application to recovery of rotaviruses from estuarine waters Long term survival of human rotavirus in raw and treated river water Persistence of human rhinovirus infectivity under diverse environmental conditions Filtration of recombinant Norwalk Virus particles and bacteriophage MS2 in quartz sand: importance of electrostatic interactions Frozen raspberries and hepatitis A Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular biology and emerging epidemiology Detection of infectious enteroviruses by an integrated cell culture-PCR procedure ICC/PCR detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in environmental samples Outbreaks of shellfish-associated enteric illness in the United-States: requisite for development of viral guidelines Outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis among premature infants Reovirus-like agent as a cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in infants Survival of human enteric viruses in the environment and food Effect of acid pH, salt and temperature on the infectivity and physical integrity of enteroviruses Genome variability and capsid structural constraints of hepatitis A virus Enteric pathogens and soil: a short review A new and simple method for recuperation of enterovirus from water Effect of relative humidity on the airborne survival of rotavirus SA11 Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission Survival of human rhinovirus type 14 dried onto nonporous inanimate surfaces: effect of relative humidity and suspending medium Spread of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70: effect of air temperature and relative humidity on virus survival on fomites Distribution of enteroviruses in sediments contiguous with a deep marine sewage outfall Concentration des enterovirus dans les eaux par adsorption sur poudre de verre: proposition d'un apareillage simplifié. As previously mentioned, the most relevant factors affecting virus survival in the water environment are temperature (Akin et al., 1971; Raphael et al., 1985; Bosch et al., 1993) , virus association with solids (Gerba and Schaiberger, 1975; La Belle et al., 1980; Rao et al., 1984; Sobsey et al., 1988) , exposure to UV (Bitton et al., 1979; Bitton, 1980) , and the presence of microbial flora (Gunderson et al., 1968; Fujioka et al., 1980; Toranzo et al., 1983; Ward et al., 1986; Gironés et al., 1989 Gironés et al., , 1990 . keywords: concentration; detection; effect; enteric; environment; et al; food; gastroenteritis; hepatitis; human; humidity; inactivation; infectious; outbreak; persistence; poliovirus; rotavirus; sewage; soil; studies; survival; temperature; viruses; water cache: cord-018166-savdgy0u.txt plain text: cord-018166-savdgy0u.txt item: #241 of 1203 id: cord-018265-twp33bb6 author: Becker, Pablo D. title: Community-acquired pneumonia: paving the way towards new vaccination concepts date: 2007 words: 14131 flesch: 32 summary: Furthermore, DNA coding for vaccine antigens appears to induce excellent immunological memory, which can be reawakened by later immunization or exposure to the pathogen. An epidermal DNA-based influenza vaccine, which contained the HA gene from A/Panama/2007/99 delivered by particle-mediated epidermal delivery was also tested in humans by PowderJect keywords: antibodies; antigens; cell; children; delivery; development; disease; dna; efficacy; immunity; immunization; infection; influenza; mucosal; pneumococcal; pneumoniae; protection; protein; recombinant; responses; rsv; sars; studies; vaccination; vaccine; virus cache: cord-018265-twp33bb6.txt plain text: cord-018265-twp33bb6.txt item: #242 of 1203 id: cord-018302-lmly43rd author: Renaud, Christian title: Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Transplant Recipients date: 2016-02-15 words: 10503 flesch: 20 summary: Infectious Diseases S. Oral ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infections in moderately to severely immunocompromised patients Oral versus inhaled ribavirin therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation Oral ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection after lung transplantation: effi cacy and cost-effi ciency Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Transplant Recipients Immunoglobulin administration and ribavirin therapy: effi cacy in respiratory syncytial virus infection of the cotton rat Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants and young children Immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia following bone marrow transplantation Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin treatment of RSV lower respiratory tract infection in previously healthy children Respiratory syncytial virus infections in adult bone marrow transplant recipients Respiratory syncytial virus infection in recipients of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: a retrospective study of the incidence, clinical features, and outcome A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of an RNAibased therapy directed against respiratory syncytial virus Phase I study of intravenous ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia after marrow transplantation Prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus and parainfl uenza viruses in immunocompromised patients Ribavirin therapy in bone marrow transplant recipients with viral respiratory tract infections Lassa fever. Effective therapy with ribavirin Prospective, double-blind, concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome Respiratory syncytial virus upper respiratory tract illnesses in adult blood and marrow transplant recipients: combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin Comparison of the inhibition of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by ribavirin and immune serum globulin in vitro Effect of ribavirin and glucocorticoid treatment in a mouse model of human metapneumovirus infection Infection control of nosocomial respiratory viral disease in the immunocompromised host Seasonal infl uenza in adults and children-diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Infectious Disease Society of A, American Society of B and Marrow T. Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection Immune-globulin prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients undergoing stem-cell transplantation Phase 1 evaluation of the respiratory syncytial virus-specifi c monoclonal antibody palivizumab in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody exhibits in vivo effi cacy against both human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective Oral GS-5806 activity in a respiratory syncytial virus challenge study Chemotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infections: the fi nal breakthrough Preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus disease: passive, active immunisation and new antivirals Structural basis of respiratory syncytial virus neutralization by motavizumab The changing landscape of respiratory syncytial virus Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines Chimpanzee adenovirus-and MVA-vectored respiratory syncytial virus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults Phase 1 study of the safety and immunogenicity of a live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus and parainfl uenza virus type 3 vaccine in seronegative children Attenuated human parainfl uenza virus type 1 (HPIV1) expressing the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) as a bivalent HPIV1/RSV vaccine New approaches for immunization and therapy against human metapneumovirus keywords: cell; disease; hmpv; hsct; human; infection; patients; pneumonia; recipients; ribavirin; rsv; study; therapy; tract; transplant; transplant recipients; virus; viruses cache: cord-018302-lmly43rd.txt plain text: cord-018302-lmly43rd.txt item: #243 of 1203 id: cord-018319-tylkbh4h author: Chemaly, Roy F. title: Respiratory Viruses date: 2011-01-04 words: 8856 flesch: 33 summary: Community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer Common community respiratory viruses in patients with cancer: more than just common colds Harrison's principles of internal medicine Circulation patterns of genetically distinct group A and B strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in a community Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory syncytial virus infections in previously healthy working adults Respiratory syncytial and other virus infections in persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease Can respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A be distinguished clinically in institutionalized older persons? Symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus infections in the immunocompromised host Respiratory virus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults Respiratory syncytial virusinduced acute lung injury in adult patients with bone marrow transplants Combination therapy with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin for respiratory syncytial virus disease in adult bone marrow transplant recipients Diagnosis and epidemiology of community-acquired respiratory virus infections in the immunocompromised host Respiratory virus infections after stem cell transplantation: a prospective study from the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Viral pneumonia in the immunocompromised adult with neoplastic disease: the role of common community respiratory viruses Community respiratory virus infections among hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant recipients Characteristics and outcome of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients with leukemia Community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients: hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients and individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus infections in pediatric liver transplant recipients Viral and host factors in human respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis Community-based respiratory viral infections in HIV-positive patients with lower respiratory tract disease: a prospective bronchoscopic study Rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised adults Rapid simultaneous diagnosis of infections with respiratory syncytial viruses A and B, influenza viruses A and B, and human parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 by multiplex quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-enzyme hybridization assay ( In this chapter, we discuss the common clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, treatments, and prevention measures for respiratory virus infections in general and in cancer patients in particular (Table 32. keywords: adenovirus; cause; cell; children; hsct; infections; influenza; patients; pneumonia; recipients; rsv; transplant; transplantation; virus; viruses cache: cord-018319-tylkbh4h.txt plain text: cord-018319-tylkbh4h.txt item: #244 of 1203 id: cord-018364-b06084r1 author: LaBrunda, Michelle title: The Emerging Threat of Ebola date: 2019-06-07 words: 13506 flesch: 55 summary: Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients Interim guidance for healthcare workers providing care in West African countries affected by the Ebola outbreak: limiting heat burden while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) Viral bioterrorism: learning the lesson of Ebola virus in West Africa CDC announces active post-arrival monitoring for travelers from impacted countries Enhanced Ebola screening to start at five U.S. airports and new tracking program for all people entering U.S. from Ebola-affected countries History of quarantine Enhanced Ebola screening to start at five U.S. airports and new tracking program for all people entering U.S. from Ebola-affected countries History of quarantine Protecting borders: the road to zero Severe meningoencephalitis in a case of Ebola virus disease: a case report Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus -Liberia Persistence of Ebola virus in various body fluids during convalescence: evidence and implications for disease transmission and control The world's ten largest megacities Ebola virus-related encephalitis Survey of Ebola viruses in frugivorous and insectivorous bats in Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo Transmissibility and pathogenicity of Ebola virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of household secondary attack rate and asymptomatic infection Ebola RNA persistence in semen of Ebola virus disease survivors -final report Demographia world urban areas: 14th annual edition Epidemiology and risk factors for Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone -23 Ebola in Nigeria and Senegal: stable -for the moment (n.d.) Retrieved December Infection prevention and control measures for Ebola virus disease Transmission dynamics of Ebola virus disease and intervention effectiveness in Sierra Leone Use of viremia to evaluate the baseline case fatality ratio of Ebola virus disease and inform treatment studies: a retrospective cohort study Air trafic by the numbers Ebola haemorrhagic fever Variability in intrahousehold transmission of Ebola virus, and estimation of the household secondary attack rate The discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses Confronting the threat of bioterrorism: realities, challenges, and defensive strategies Cultural context of Ebola in northern Ugands Clinical presentation, biochemical, and haematological parameters and their association with outcome in patients with Ebola virus disease: an observational cohort study Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients Under Investigation (PUIs) for Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in U Interim Guidance for Management of Survivors of Ebola Virus Disease Late Ebola virus relapse causing meningoencephalitis: a case report Disability among Ebola survivors and their close contacts in Sierra Leone: a retrospective case-controlled cohort study Monitoring of prognostic laboratory markers in Ebola virus disease Lethal experimential infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure Experimental inoculation of Egyptian Rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with viruses of the ebolavirus and Marburgvirus genera An overview of Ebola virus disease Some airports have a new security routine: taking your temperature The worship of God in African traditional religion a Nigerian perspective The reemergence of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Democreatic Republic of the Congo, 1995, Commission de Lutte Contre les Epidemies a Kikwit Ebola virus disease in health care workers -Sierra Leone Some airports have a new security routine: taking your temperature. keywords: africa; care; contact; countries; disease; ebola; ebola virus; fever; health; illness; infection; outbreak; people; population; public; risk; screening; spread; symptoms; transmission; travelers; virus; virus disease cache: cord-018364-b06084r1.txt plain text: cord-018364-b06084r1.txt item: #245 of 1203 id: cord-018393-5jlqn7wq author: Finke, Ernst-Jürgen title: Bioterrorismus, infektiologische Aspekte date: 2011-12-14 words: 25034 flesch: 39 summary: Die CMV-Primärinfektion verläuft in der Mehrzahl der Fälle asymptomatisch. im Gegensatz zur Lymphatischen Filariose durch Wuchereria bancrofti (7 Wuchereria) nicht in der Genitalregion, entsprechend beschränken sich Lymphadenitis und Lymphangitis auf die Region der Extremitäten (gelegentlich sind die Mammae betroffen). keywords: aber; agenzien; akuten; alle; allerdings; als; andere; antikörper; auch; auch bei; auf; auf eine; aufgrund; auftreten; aus; bei; bei der; beim; bekannt; beobachtet; beschrieben; besteht; biologische; bis; bisher; blut; bzw; cmv; dabei; daher; dann; dar; das; das virus; dass; daten; dem; denen; dengueviren; der; der erreger; der nachweis; der regel; des; diagnostik; die; diese; difficile; durch; durch den; durch die; eine; ektoparasiten; endokarditis; entamoeba; entsprechend; enzephalitis; erfolgt; erkrankung; erreger; erst; etwa; fieber; finden; fsme; fälle; führen; führt; für; für die; gbv; gegen; gibt; haben; haut; hav; hcv; hepatitis; herpes; häufig; ifsg; igg; igm; immunantwort; immunität; impfung; infektion; infektion der; infektion mit; infizierten; inkubationszeit; innerhalb; insbesondere; ist; ist bei; ist das; ist der; ist die; ist eine; ist nicht; jahre; jedoch; kann; klinischen; kommen; kommt; kontakt; können; labor; liquor; maßnahmen; mehr; meist; meldepflicht; meningitis; menschen; mit; mit der; mit einer; mittels; muss; möglich; nach; nach der; nach infektion; nachgewiesen; nachweis; nachweis von; nicht; nicht bekannt; noch; nur; oder; oder der; oft; ohne; patienten; pcr; personen; pneumonie; referenzzentren; regel; risiko; rna; rolle; schweren; sehr; sein; selten; sepsis; serum; sich; sie; sind; sind bei; sind nicht; sollten; sowie; spezifische; stuhl; stunden; subtyp; symptomatik; symptome; synonym(e; tab; tage; therapie; tritt; und; und bei; und der; unter; verfügbar; verlauf; virus; von; von c.; von der; vor; weitere; weltweit; wenn; werden; wie; wird; wochen; wurde; während; z. b.; zellen; zum; zur; zwischen; über; übertragung cache: cord-018393-5jlqn7wq.txt plain text: cord-018393-5jlqn7wq.txt item: #246 of 1203 id: cord-018437-yjvwa1ot author: Mitchell, Michael title: Taxonomy date: 2013-08-26 words: 9285 flesch: 42 summary: Structure-function relations The DNA sequence of human herpesvirus-6: structure, coding content, and genome evolution Processing of genome 5′ termini as a strategy of negative-strand RNA viruses to avoid RIG-Idependent interferon induction Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfl uenza virus Infl uenza virus, Chap 42 Global and regional distribution of HIV-1 genetic subtypes and recombinants in Parainfl uenza viruses Gene mapping of the putative structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome by in vitro processing analysis Evolutionary history and phylogeography of human viruses What does virus evolution tell us about virus origins? Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human parvovirus B19 isolated from the serum of a child during aplastic crisis CXCR4 as a functional coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of primary macrophages The genome length of human parainfl uenza virus type 2 follows the rule of six, and recombinant viruses recovered from non-poly-hexameric-length antigenomic cDNAs contain a biased distribution of correcting mutations Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural proteins decrease levels of multiple members of the cellular interferon pathways Infl uenza virus evolution, host adaptation, and pandemic formation Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression keywords: classifi; dna; envelope; family; genes; genome; host; human; proteins; reading; rna; sequence; species; type; uenza; viral; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-018437-yjvwa1ot.txt plain text: cord-018437-yjvwa1ot.txt item: #247 of 1203 id: cord-018441-r6wwpfcy author: Taylor, Milton W. title: Emerging Viruses date: 2014-07-22 words: 3676 flesch: 60 summary: A phylogenic tree shows that civet and human SARS viruses are very similar and, most importantly, that both are nested within a clade of bat viruses-so the ancestor of the civet and human strains seems to have been a bat virus! Ebola virus belongs to a family of viruses known as 'filoviruses.' keywords: cases; ebola; fever; human; infection; outbreak; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-018441-r6wwpfcy.txt plain text: cord-018441-r6wwpfcy.txt item: #248 of 1203 id: cord-018463-a6qu0cuv author: Wimmer, Eckard title: Synthetic Biology, Dual Use Research, and Possibilities for Control date: 2018-03-23 words: 1971 flesch: 42 summary: [15] [16] . Amerithrax or Anthrax Investigation (2010) FBI.gov Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template The test-tube synthesis of poliovirus: the simple synthesis of a virus has far reaching societal implications Virus attenuation by genome-scale changes in codon pair bias Large-scale recoding of an arbovirus genome to rebalance its insect versus mammalian preference The future of synthetic virology Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus How Canadian researchers reconstituted an extinct poxvirus for $100,000 using mail-order DNA The fourth international meeting on synthetic biology (SB4.0) Sequence-based classification of select agents: a brighter line Synthetic genomics: options for governance National Academy of Sciences. The anthrax attack coincided with the first report in 2002 of the de novo synthesis in the test tube of a pathogenic human virus, poliovirus, that was equally shocking because it indicated that dangerous infectious agents could be produced in laboratories outside of government control. keywords: agents; attack; research; synthesis; virus cache: cord-018463-a6qu0cuv.txt plain text: cord-018463-a6qu0cuv.txt item: #249 of 1203 id: cord-018477-hgvqd1ej author: Modrow, Susanne title: Pathogenesis date: 2013-08-12 words: 3662 flesch: 47 summary: The modes of conjunctivitis that are observed in measles virus infections probably occur after haematogenous dissemination of the virus in the organism, and not by exogenous transmission to the eye, as found with adenoviruses (▶ Sects. Other viruses, such poliovirus and tick-borne encephalitis virus, overcome the barriers probably by infection of endothelial cells, as occurs by infecting other organs (▶ Sects. keywords: cells; disease; infection; sect; virus; viruses cache: cord-018477-hgvqd1ej.txt plain text: cord-018477-hgvqd1ej.txt item: #250 of 1203 id: cord-018555-3lta1tbp author: Overstreet, Robin M. title: Host–Symbiont Relationships: Understanding the Change from Guest to Pest date: 2016-01-06 words: 15642 flesch: 42 summary: Virions were inactivated by a 10-min exposure to temperatures of 60-90 C. A variety, but not all, of toxicants can probably affect the relationship between the viral agent and shrimp host. Lightner and Redman (1998) discussed this term when dealing with shrimp infections. keywords: aquaculture; day; days; disease; et al; fish; host; infected; infections; living; low; overstreet; parasite; pathogenic; penaeid; prevalence; relationship; shrimp; species; symbiont; symbiotic; termite; transmission; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-018555-3lta1tbp.txt plain text: cord-018555-3lta1tbp.txt item: #251 of 1203 id: cord-018639-0g1ov96t author: Kurpiers, Laura A. title: Bushmeat and Emerging Infectious Diseases: Lessons from Africa date: 2015-09-21 words: 14565 flesch: 35 summary: Humans have hunted wild animals for consumption and to protect their crops for millennia (Shipman et al. 1981 ; Grubb et al. 1998 ; Davies et al. 2007 ) , and it remains an important source of food and income security among rural communities today (de Merode et al. 2004 ; Brashares et al. 2011 ) . amplifi er hosts from which spillovers to humans have been documented (Childs et al. 2007 ; Daszak et al. 2007 ) . keywords: activities; africa; animals; bat; bats; bushmeat; central; consumption; disease; ebola; et al; evidence; health; host; human; hunters; hunting; infection; pathogens; primates; risk; rural; simian; species; spillover; transmission; virus; viruses; wild; wildlife; zoonotic cache: cord-018639-0g1ov96t.txt plain text: cord-018639-0g1ov96t.txt item: #252 of 1203 id: cord-018706-gykw2nvt author: Yadav, Mahendra Pal title: Emerging and Transboundary Animal Viral Diseases: Perspectives and Preparedness date: 2020-02-23 words: 9689 flesch: 38 summary: A few other factors are also responsible for greater threat due to TADs, namely (1) lack of awareness of the farmers about the high-threat epizootic animal diseases; (2) lack of diagnostic facilities for exotic diseases, and under-reporting of animal diseases like HPAI due to the fear of loss of internal and export market till the country gets infection-free status as per OIE-laid-down criteria; and (3) poor and faulty compensation schemes. As animal diseases get less priority than human infections/diseases in undertaking immediate disease control measures, the threat scenario with the use of animal pathogens for bioterrorism or biowarfare will have many serious consequences. keywords: animal; biosecurity; control; countries; diseases; eids; fever; fmd; global; health; human; livestock; poultry; production; spread; tads; threat; trade; vaccine; virus; world cache: cord-018706-gykw2nvt.txt plain text: cord-018706-gykw2nvt.txt item: #253 of 1203 id: cord-018724-ss8x2g3b author: Stobbe, Anthony title: Plant Virus Diversity and Evolution date: 2016-06-22 words: 7457 flesch: 36 summary: Recombination between genomic RNAs of two cucumoviruses under conditions of minimal selection pressure Genetic bottlenecks during systemic movement of Cucumber mosaic virus vary in different host plants Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology Seeking agricultures ancient roots Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world Multihost experimental evolution of a plant RNA virus reveals local adaptation and host-specific mutations Concerning a contagium vivum fluidum as cause of the spot disease of tobacco leaves Integration of multiple repeats of geminiviral DNA into nuclear genome of tobacco during evolution The RNA world hypothesis: the worst hypothesis of early evolution of life (except for all the others) Role of recombination in the evolution of natural populations of Cucumber mosaic virus, a tripartite RNA plant virus High genetic diversity, distant phylogenetic relationships and intraspecies recombination events among natural populations of Yam mosaic virus: a contribution to understanding potyvirus evolution Frequent homologous recombination events between molecules of one RNA component in a multipartite RNA virus Genetic recombination in plant-infecting messenger-sense RNA viruses: overview and research perspectives A real-time RT-PCR assay for quantifying the fitness of tobacco etch virus in competition experiments Rice genomes recorded ancient pararetrovirus activities: virus genealogy and multiple origins of endogenization during rice speciation Suppression of viral RNA recombination by a host exoribonuclease Widespread endogenization of genome sequences of non-retroviral RNA viruses into plant genomes Wild plants and viruses: underinvestigated ecosystems Environmentally dependent host-pathogen and vector-pathogen interactions in the Barley yellow dwarf virus pathosystem An RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity A map of the diversity of RNA3 recombinants appearing in plants infected with Cucumber mosaic virus and Tomato aspermy virus Phylogenetic evidence for rapid rates of molecular evolution in the single-stranded DNA begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus Experimental evolution of plant RNA viruses Molecular ecology and emergence of tropical plant viruses Insect vectors as drivers of plant virus emergence The major role of viruses in cellular evolution: facts and hypotheses Recombination every day: abundant recombination in a virus during a single multi-cellular host infection Founder effect, plant host, and recombination shape the emergence populations of begomoviruses that cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease in the Mediterranean basis Variation and evolution of plant virus populations Time--the emerging dimension of plant virus studies Molecular evolution of plant RNA viruses Mixed infections of Pepino mosaic virus strains modulate the evolutionary dynamics of this emergent virus Plant feeding by insect vectors can affect ife cycle, population genetics and evolution of plant viruses Citrus tristeza virus: evolution of complex and varied genotypic groups Plant virus ecology: ingredients, interactions and environmental influences Virus variation in relation to resistance-breaking in plants Origin and evolution of viruses Consequences of interspecies hybridization and virus infection on the growth and fecundity of three threatened coastal Lepidium (Brassicaceae) species from New Zealand Plant viruses alter insect behavior to enhance their spread Plant virus ecology and epidemiology: historical perspectives, recent progress and future prospects Paleovirology: inferring viral evolution from host genome sequence data Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases Virus world as an evolutionary network of viruses and capsidless selfish elements Origins and evolution of viruses of eukaryotes: the ultimate modularity Plant viruses of the Almagaviridae family evolved via recombination between virusese with double-stranded and negative-strand RNA genomes Variation in phytopathogenic viruses Previously unknown and highly divergent viruses populate the oceans Environmental nutrient supply alters prevalence and weakens competitive interactions among coinfecting viruses Effect of host species on the distribution of mutational fitness effects for an RNA virus Comparative molecular epidemiology provides new insights into Zucchini yellow mosaic virus occurrence in France Evolutionary time-scale of the begomoviruses: evidence from integrated sequences in the Nicotiana genome Genetic bottlenecks reduce population variation in an experimental RNA virus population Synonymous site variation due to recombination explains higher genetic variability in begomovirus populations infecting non-cultivated hosts Widespread horizontal gene transfer from double-stranded RNA viruses to eukaryotic nuclear genomes Plasmodesmata: the intercellular organelles of green plants Virus infection in remnant native bunchgrasses from invaded California grasslands A virus responds instantly to the presence of the vector on the host and forms transmission morphs Current impact and future directions of high throughput sequencing in plant virus diagnostics Transmission mechanisms shape pathogen effects on host-vector interactions: evidence from plant viruses Infection of host plants by Cucumber mosaic virus increases the susceptibility of Myzus persicae aphis to the parasitoid Virus infection influences host plant interactions with non-vector herbivores and predators Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance Molecular evolution of Pepino mosaic virus during long-term passaging in different hosts and its impact on virus evolution New insights into the mechanisms of RNA recombination Exploring the diversity of plant DNA viruses and their satellites using vector-enabled metagenomics on whiteflies Possible emergence of new geminiviruses by frequent recombination Long-term evolution of the Luteoviridae: time scale and mode of virus speciation Effect of biodiversity changes in disease risk: exploring disease emergence in a plant-virus system Fixation of emerging interviral recombinants in Cucumber mosaic virus populations Mapping viral functional domains for genetic diversity in plants Environment determines fidelity for an RNA virus replicase Mutation and recombination frequencies reveal a biological contrast within strains of Cucumber mosaic virus Community ecology of plant viruses. Recent efforts have expanded our knowledge of the true diversity of plant viruses by studying those viruses that infect wild, undomesticated plants. keywords: diversity; et al; evolution; host; mosaic; new; plant; recombination; rna; roossinck; species; variation; vector; viruses; wild cache: cord-018724-ss8x2g3b.txt plain text: cord-018724-ss8x2g3b.txt item: #254 of 1203 id: cord-018804-wj35q88f author: Lázaro, Ester title: Genetic Variability in RNA Viruses: Consequences in Epidemiology and in the Development of New Stratgies for the Extinction of Infectivity date: 2007 words: 8515 flesch: 43 summary: Finally, the heterogeneity of RNA virus populations makes it also difficult to eradicate diseases with antiviral drugs, due to the emergence of drug-resistant mutants [10] , a problem that will be treated in more detail in the next sections. Analysis of RNA virus populations, either at the phenotypic or genotypic level showed that these populations have a structure similar to the molecular quasi-species described theoretically keywords: error; fitness; genomes; host; mutations; number; population; rate; rna; rna viruses; sequence; viruses cache: cord-018804-wj35q88f.txt plain text: cord-018804-wj35q88f.txt item: #255 of 1203 id: cord-018811-zhwr3h07 author: Oxford, John title: Influenza Vaccines Have a Short but Illustrious History of Dedicated Science Enabling the Rapid Global Production of A/Swine (H1N1) Vaccine in the Current Pandemic date: 2010-06-18 words: 13262 flesch: 44 summary: Immunogenicity and original antigenic sin in humans The specificity of the antihaemagluttinin antibody response induced in man by inactivated vaccines and by natural infection Strain specificity of serum antibody to the haemagglutinin of influenza A (H3N2) viruses in children following immunisation or natural infection Immunisation with influenza virus a vaccines: comparison of intradermal and subcutaneous routes Immunisation with Asian strain influenza vaccineequivalence of the subcutaneous and intradermal routes Effect of dosage and route of inoculation upon antigenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine (Hong Kong strain) in man Influenza antibody in human respiratory secretions after subcutaneous or respiratory immunisation with inactivated virus Specificity of respiratory secretion antibody against influenza virus Purified influenza vaccine; clinical and serological response to varying doses and different routes of immunisation Antibody in respiratory secretions following immunisation with influenza virus vaccines Humoral and secretory antibody responses to immunisation with low and high dosage split influenza virus vaccines Neurological illness is a recognized sequel to immunization with a variety of vaccines but had not previously been observed with any frequency after influenza virus vaccines. keywords: antibody; children; dose; h1n1; h3n2; infection; influenza; influenza vaccine; influenza virus; new; pandemic; response; strain; swine; vaccine; virus; virus vaccine; viruses; volunteers; years cache: cord-018811-zhwr3h07.txt plain text: cord-018811-zhwr3h07.txt item: #256 of 1203 id: cord-018816-v3ylisbt author: Alroy, Joseph title: Viral Pulmonary Disorders in Animals: Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic date: 2013-08-26 words: 2525 flesch: 39 summary: In these animal species some viruses primarily infect the respiratory tract, while other viruses infect non-respiratory organs. In these animal species some viruses primarily infect the respiratory tract, while other viruses infect non-respiratory organs. keywords: cells; fig; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-018816-v3ylisbt.txt plain text: cord-018816-v3ylisbt.txt item: #257 of 1203 id: cord-019051-gtruu1op author: Weber, Olaf title: The role of viruses in the etiology and pathogenesis of common cold date: 2009-11-10 words: 12336 flesch: 41 summary: Indeed, approximately 80% of asthma exacerbations in children [26] and about 70% in adults [27] are associated with respiratory virus infections, and the vast majority of these are RV infections [28] . The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children Risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection for infants from low-income families in relationship to age, sex, ethnic group and maternal antibody level Respiratory syncytial virus Differential production of inflammatory cytokines in primary infection with human metapneumovirus and with other common respiratory viruses of infancy Effectiveness of drug therapies to treat or prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection-related morbidity Genetic susceptibility to RSV disease Bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine profiles in acute asthma and acute bronchiolitis Human infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific type 1 and 2 cytokine responses ex vivo during primary RSV infection Type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis Priming immunization determines T helper cytokine mRNA expression patterns in lungs of mice challenged with respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory syncytial virus deficient in soluble G protein induced an increased proinflammatory response in human lung epithelial cells The cysteinerich region of respiratory syncytial virus attachment protein inhibits innate immunity elicited by the virus and endotoxin Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus Severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in Alaska native children Palivizumab in the prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus disease mechanisms implicated by human, animal model, and In vitro data facilitate vaccine strategies and new therapeutics Experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of four species of primates Respiratory syncytial virus infects the bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata The pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats Enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary pathology in cotton rats by prior intramuscular inoculation of formalin-inactivated virus Mechanism of antibody-mediated viral clearance in immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection of cotton rats Primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice Respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice Intracellular IFN-gamma expression in natural killer cells precedes lung CD8 + T cell recruitment during respiratory syncytial virus infection Immune-mediated disease pathogenesis in respiratory syncytial virus infection Chinchilla and murine models of upper respiratory tract infections with respiratory syncytial virus Evaluation of severe disease induced by aerosol inoculation of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus Complete sequence of the RNA genome of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) Parainfluenza viruses Parainfluenza viruses Myxoviruses: Parainfluenza International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses The role of viral glycoproteins in adsorption, penetration, and pathogenicity of viruses New frontiers opened by the exploration of host cell receptors Acquisition of serum antibodies to specific glycoproteins of parainfluenza virus 3 in children ) secretory immunological response in infants and children to parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2 Brief report: Parainfluenza virus type 3 infections: keywords: adenovirus; cause; cell; children; cold; coronavirus; disease; human; infection; influenza; pathogenesis; protein; response; rna; role; rsv; symptoms; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-019051-gtruu1op.txt plain text: cord-019051-gtruu1op.txt item: #258 of 1203 id: cord-019982-hyxrgamj author: Brookfield, D.S.K. title: Viruses demonstrated in children in Tanzania: Studies in diarrhoea and measles date: 2005-04-14 words: 1908 flesch: 54 summary: There is evidence that measles virus may be found in the cells of the gut (Fraser and Martin, 1978) but there has been little investigation into its relationship to the associated diarrhoea which occurs in children with measles in the tropics. Studies in Europe have suggested that stool viruses are more common in autumn and winter (Flewett, Davies, Bryden and Robertson, 1974) . keywords: breast; children; measles; virus cache: cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt plain text: cord-019982-hyxrgamj.txt item: #259 of 1203 id: cord-020010-q58x6xb0 author: None title: 19th ICAR Abstracts: date: 2006-03-13 words: 46881 flesch: 40 summary: Although anti-inflammatory agents are not very active in vitro, it is thought that they might be efficacious in reducing any deleterious inflammatory response associated with virus infections such as SARS infections in humans. Although only BTCRB and BDCRB were inhibitors of the ATPase activity, two other compounds, dBDCRB and Cl4RB, inhibited virus replication in a plaque-reduction assay, thus indicating that those have a different mode of action. keywords: acid; action; activity; agents; animals; antiviral; assay; cdv; cells; combination; compounds; concentrations; containing; control; culture; days; department; derivatives; development; disease; dna; dose; drug; effect; efficacy; gene; hcv; hiv; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibited; inhibition; inhibitors; institute; mice; model; molecular; mutations; new; novel; nucleoside; polymerase; potent; potential; presence; present; properties; protein; reduction; replication; research; resistance; results; rna; specific; strain; structure; studies; study; synthesis; system; target; tested; therapeutic; therapy; treatment; type; university; usa; virus; virus infection; virus replication; viruses; vitro; vivo cache: cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt plain text: cord-020010-q58x6xb0.txt item: #260 of 1203 id: cord-020087-gs0pc6ee author: None title: Cumulative Contents for 2010 date: 2010-11-18 words: 483 flesch: -19 summary: The 126-and/or 183-kDa replicases or their coding regions are responsible both for inefficient local and for systemic movements of Paprika mild mottle virus Japanese strain in tomato plants The capsid protein of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus contains a typical nuclear localization signal and targets to the nucleus 212 Distinct propagation efficiencies of H5N1 influenza virus Thai isolates in newly established murine respiratory region-derived cell clones 218 USA) Genetic control of host resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in serum and oral fluid samples from individual boars: Will oral fluid replace serum for PRRSV surveillance USA) Use of a production region model to assess the efficacy of various air filtration systems for preventing airborne transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae: Results from a 2-year study 177 Morrison (USA) Control and elimination of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 185 Cumulative Author Index for Cumulative Subject Index for Cumulative Contents for Molecular anatomy of subcellular localization of HSV-1 tegument protein US11 in living cells 71 ) Mapping of amino acid residues responsible for adhesion of cell culture-adapted foot-and-mouth disease SAT type viruses 82 Renault (France) Detection and description of a particular Ostreid herpesvirus 1 genotype associated with massive mortality outbreaks of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas Kotait (Brazil, Ecuador) Human rabies transmitted by vampire bats: Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from the Amazon region China) keywords: porcine; syndrome; virus cache: cord-020087-gs0pc6ee.txt plain text: cord-020087-gs0pc6ee.txt item: #261 of 1203 id: cord-020097-eh5deunk author: None title: Cumulative Author Index for 2006 (Volumes 115–122) date: 2006-10-27 words: 1485 flesch: -330 summary: An endornavirus from a hypovirulent strain of the violet root rot fungus Importance of the extracellular and cytoplasmic/transmembrane domains of the haemagglutinin protein of rinderpest virus for recovery of viable virus from cDNA copies Envelope gene capture and insect retrovirus evolution: The relationship between errantivirus and baculovirus envelope proteins Multiclonal pattern of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus integration sites in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus complex-specific monoclonal antibody provides broad protection, in murine models, against airborne challenge with viruses from serogroups I, II and III Patterns of sequence evolution at epitopes for host antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type Phylogenetic analysis of the gag region encoding the matrix protein of small ruminant lentiviruses: Comparative analysis and molecular epidemiological applications Gene expression array analyses predict increased proto-oncogene expression in MMTV induced mammary tumors Evolutionary genomics of archaeal viruses: Unique viral genomes in the third domain of life HIV-l and the microRNA-guided silencing pathway: An intricate and multifaceted encounter A modified viral satellite DNA-based gene silencing vector is effective in association with heterologous begomoviruses TATAbinding protein and TBP-associated factors during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: Localization at viral DNA replication sites Immunohistochemical examination of the role of Fas ligand and lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of human liver yellow fever Complete sequence and organization of the human adenovirus serotype 46 genome Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Maedi Visna and Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis viral sequences in sheep Lymphocytopathogenic activity in vitro correlates with high virulence in vivo for BVDV type 2 strains: Criteria for a third biotype of BVDV Inactivation of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) by normal rabbit serum: Implications for the role of the envelope protein VP28 in WSSV infection of shrimp Low prevalence of primary antiretroviral resistance mutations and predominance of HIV-1 clade C at polymerase gene in newly diagnosed individuals from south Brazil Characterization of a highly virulent feline calicivirus and attenuation of this virus Interaction of the hepatitis B virus protein HBx with the human transcription regulatory protein p120E4F in vitro Translation reinitiation and leaky scanning in plant viruses Phylogenetic analysis of recent isolates of classical swine fever virus from Colombia Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infectivity by peptides analogous to the viral spike protein Rabies virus-induced apoptosis involves caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways Translational control during virus infection Epstein-Barr virus immunossuppression of innate immunity mediated by phagocytes Binding of shrimp cellular proteins to Taura syndrome viral capsid proteins VP1 Collaborative study to evaluate a new ELISA test to monitor the effectiveness of rabies vaccination in domestic carnivores Efficient inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by small interfering RNAs targeted to the viral X gene in mice Preparation and characterization of a novel monoclonal antibody specific to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus nucleocapsid protein The kinetics of proinflammatory cytokines in murine peritoneal macrophages infected with envelope protein-glycosylated or non-glycosylated West Nile virus Members of adenovirus species B utilize CD80 and CD86 as cellular attachment receptors Exogenous nitric oxide inhibits Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Structural and antigenic analysis of the yellow head virus nucleocapsid protein p20 Efficient expression of the 15-kDa form of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP5 by suppression of a UGA codon Phylogenetic relationships of Brazilian bovine respiratory syncytial virus isolates and molecular homology modeling of attachment glycoprotein Genetic manipulation of two fowlpox virus late transcriptional regulatory elements influences their ability to direct expression of foreign genes A new RNA virus found in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from Thailand Conformational maturation of the nucleoprotein synthesized in influenza C virus-infected cells HIV-1-mediated syncytium formation promotes cell-to-cell transfer of Tax protein and Systemic antiviral silencing in plants Sequencing and comparative analysis of a pig bovine viral diarrhea virus genome EsiRNAs inhibit Hepatitis B virus replication in mice model more efficiently than synthesized siRNAs Chronological and geographical variations in the small RNA segment of the teratogenic Akabane virus HCV NS2 protein inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest in the S-phase in mammalian cells through down-regulation of cyclin A expression Pepper mild mottle virus pathogenicity determinants and cross protection effect of attenuated mutants in pepper Hepatitis E virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions Location and phylogenetic analysis of the region immediately upstream of the granulin gene of the Clostera anachoreta granulovirus Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates in China during Proteolytic cleavage and shedding of the bovine prion protein in two cell culture systems Antigenic structure analysis of glycosylated protein 3 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Generation of virus-like particles consisting of the major capsid protein VP1 of goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus and their application in serological tests Amino acid changes in the recombinant Dengue 3 Envelope domain III determine its antigenicity and immunogenicity in mice keywords: analysis; cell; expression; gene; hepatitis; human; protein; syndrome; virus cache: cord-020097-eh5deunk.txt plain text: cord-020097-eh5deunk.txt item: #262 of 1203 id: cord-020101-5rib7pe8 author: None title: Cumulative Author Index for 2008 date: 2008-11-17 words: 2143 flesch: -170 summary: Murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase: Structural comparison with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase The GPRLQPY motif located at the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein induces antibodies that neutralize Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Detection of ovine herpesvirus 2 major capsid gene transcripts as an indicator of virus replication in shedding sheep and clinically affected animals Genetic characterization of equine influenza viruses isolated in Italy between A new living cell-based assay system for monitoring genome-length hepatitis C virus RNA replication Unraveling the puzzle of human anellovirus infections by comparison with avian infections with the chicken anemia virus The contribution of feathers in the spread of chicken anemia virus Cloning and subcellular localization of the phosphoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins of Potato yellow dwarf virus, type species of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus The p26 gene of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus: Timing of transcription, and cellular localization and dimerization of product Complete genomic sequence of turkey coronavirus Recombinant L and P protein complex of Rinderpest virus catalyses mRNA synthesis in vitro Molecular divergence of Grapevine virus A (GVA) variants associated with Shiraz disease in South Africa Sequence analysis of a reovirus isolated from the winter moth Operophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) and its parasitoid wasp Phobocampe tempestiva (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae SARS coronavirus replicase proteins in pathogenesis Virus-induced gene silencing in Medicago truncatula and Lathyrus odorata Evaluating the 3C-like protease activity of SARS-Coronavirus: Recommendations for standardized assays for drug discovery HBx modulates iron regulatory protein 1-mediated iron metabolism via reactive oxygen species Pathogenetic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome Detection of a novel circovirus in mute swans (Cygnus olor) by using nested broadspectrum PCR Chimaeric HIV-1 subtype C Gag molecules with large in-frame C-terminal polypeptide fusions form virus-like particles Cross-species recombination in the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus Sapovirus-like particles derived from polyprotein Cauliflower mosaic virus gene VI product N-terminus contains regions involved in resistance-breakage, self-association and interactions with movement protein Adenovirus vector induced innate immune responses: Impact upon efficacy and toxicity in gene therapy and vaccine applications Interfering with cellular signaling pathways enhances sensitization to combined sodium butyrate and GCV treatment in EBV-positive tumor cells Evidence for recombination between PCV2a and PCV2b in the field Retroviral reverse transcriptases (other than those of HIV-1 and murine leukemia virus): A comparison of their molecular and biochemical properties Mitochondrial plasmids of sugar beet amplified via rolling circle method detected during curtovirus screening Appearance of intratypic recombination of enterovirus 71 in Taiwan from The circulation of subgenogroups B5 and C5 of enterovirus 71 in Taiwan from In vitro replication of Bamboo mosaic virus satellite Characterization of the interaction of domain III of the envelope protein of dengue virus with putative receptors from CHO cells Intrahost evolution of envelope glycoprotein and OrfA sequences after experimental infection of cats with a molecular clone and a biological isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus The SARS-Coronavirus PLnc domain of nsp3 as a replication/ transcription scaffolding protein Limited compatibility between the RNA polymerase components of influenza virus type A and B Serotype-specificity of recombinant fusion proteins containing domain III of dengue virus Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus isolated from wild birds in Korea: Epidemiological implications Genetic analysis and evaluation of the reassortment of influenza B viruses isolated in Taiwan during the Enhanced immune responses of mice inoculated recombinant adenoviruses expressing GP5 by fusion with GP3 and/or GP4 of PRRS virus Effect of antiviral treatment and host susceptibility on positive selection in hepatitis C virus Novel HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors Synthesis of recombinant human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 nucleocapsid proteins in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Evolutionary analyses of European H1N2 swine influenza keywords: analysis; cell; gene; hepatitis c; infection; molecular; murine leukemia; protein; replication; transcriptase; type; virus; virus replication cache: cord-020101-5rib7pe8.txt plain text: cord-020101-5rib7pe8.txt item: #263 of 1203 id: cord-020235-stcrozdw author: None title: Abstracts of Papers Presented at the 38th Meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Virology Section, Göttingen, 5.–8.10.1981 date: 2012-03-15 words: 13511 flesch: 54 summary: 2. the number of virus producing cells is not cor related with the appe arance of slgM or sIgG. 3. virus yields seem to be influenced by the cell cycle: the number of chick emb ryo fibro blasts producing plaques in infectious center assays is increased after synchro nisa tion of the cells before infection. Recent studies on protein kinases from a number of tumor viruses have raised the possibility that the phosphorylation of cell proteins is involved in the processes leading to cell transformation. keywords: acid; activity; analysis; antibodies; antigen; cells; cultures; disease; dna; fragments; genome; glycoproteins; hsv; human; infection; influenza; inst; mice; particles; positive; protein; restriction; results; rna; sera; sites; specific; strains; test; type; univ; virus; viruses cache: cord-020235-stcrozdw.txt plain text: cord-020235-stcrozdw.txt item: #264 of 1203 id: cord-020712-l9cn0n99 author: Ohnishi, Shun-Ichi title: Chapter 9 Fusion of Viral Envelopes with Cellular Membranes date: 2008-05-30 words: 11713 flesch: 50 summary: Several review articles have been published on virus membrane fusion activity (White r t a / . The pH characteristics of virus membrane fusion activity will be determined by the pH dependencies of the conformational change of the fusion protein and the neutralization of the fusogenic segment. keywords: acidic; activity; amino; cell; envelope; et al; fusion; fusion activity; hydrophobic; influenza; liposomes; membrane; residues; segment; sequence; target; virus; viruses cache: cord-020712-l9cn0n99.txt plain text: cord-020712-l9cn0n99.txt item: #265 of 1203 id: cord-020714-h1fevqcw author: Compans, Richard W. title: Membrane Glycoproteins of Enveloped Viruses date: 2008-05-30 words: 14170 flesch: 35 summary: The carbohydrate content and glycoproteins of the virion An electron microscope study of the presence or absence of neuraminic acid in enveloped viruses On the structure of the influenza virus envelope Inhibition of glycoprotein biosynthesis of influenza virus by D-glucosamine and 2-deoxy-~-glucose Association of influenza virus proteins with cytoplasmic fractions Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment A sedimentable component of allantoic fluid and.its relationship to influenza viruses Separate pathways of maturation ofthe major structural proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus Subsequent biochemical studies revealed that high concentrations of 2-dG or Dglucosamine prevented the synthesis of influenza virus glycoproteins (Klenk et al., 1972b Nakamura and Compans, 1978a) . keywords: acid; bilayer; cell; components; envelope; et al; glycoproteins; host; influenza; influenza virus; lipid; membrane; structure; studies; surface; type; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-020714-h1fevqcw.txt plain text: cord-020714-h1fevqcw.txt item: #266 of 1203 id: cord-020756-d9f5fd7x author: de Jong, Menno Douwe title: Avian Influenza Viruses and Pandemic Influenza date: 2007 words: 15084 flesch: 31 summary: A viruses differ from human viruses by recognition of sialyloligosaccharides and gangliosides and by a higher conservation of the HA receptor-binding site The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties H9N2 influenza A viruses from poultry in Asia have human virus-like receptor specificity Human and avian influenza viruses target different cell types in cultures of human airway epithelium Transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza Clinical signs and symptoms predicting influenza infection Encephalitis and encephalopathy associated with an influenza epidemic in Japan Case-control study of risk factors for avian influenza A (H5N1) disease, Hong Kong Mutations in the hemagglutinin receptorbinding site can change the biological properties of an influenza virus Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to strains isolated in 1950 Human influenza virus hemagglutinin with high sensitivity to proteolytic activation Avian influenza and sialic acid receptors: more than meets the eye? Nonhomologous recombination between the hemagglutinin gene and the nucleoprotein gene of an influenza virus Influenza A pandemics of the 20th century with special reference to 1918: virology, pathology and epidemiology Virus-neutralizing antibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG) but not of IgM or IgA isotypes can cure influenza virus pneumonia in SCID mice Functional anatomy of human lacrimal duct epithelium Human infection with influenza H9N2 Cocirculation of avian H9N2 and contemporary human H3N2 influenza A viruses in pigs in southeastern China: potential for genetic reassortment? Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease Molecular characterization of the complete genome of human influenza H5N1 virus isolates from Thailand Origin and evolution of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus hemagglutinin gene Evidence of an absence: the genetic origins of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus Pathogenesis of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in a primate model Receptor determinants of human and animal influenza virus isolates: differences in receptor specificity of the H3 hemagglutinin based on species of origin Single amino acid substitutions in influenza haemagglutinin change receptor binding specificity Receptor binding properties of human and animal H1 influenza virus isolates Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays The polymerase complex genes contribute to the high virulence of the human H5NI influenza virus isolate A/Vietnam/1203/04 Host range recombinants of fowl plague (influenza A) virus Genetic relatedness between the new 1977 epidemic strains (H1N1) of influenza and human influenza strains isolated between 1947 and 1957 (H1N1) This is also suggested by the establishment of multiple geographically distinct sublineages of H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia . keywords: acid; avian; birds; cases; et al; gene; h5n1; h5n1 influenza; h5n1 viruses; hong; host; human; infection; influenza; influenza viruses; kong; outbreak; pandemic; pathogenic; poultry; strains; transmission; viruses cache: cord-020756-d9f5fd7x.txt plain text: cord-020756-d9f5fd7x.txt item: #267 of 1203 id: cord-020789-slsfhrkx author: Kleines, Michael title: Virale Atemwegserkrankungen – Influenza, RSV und neue Viren date: 2017-10-27 words: 3373 flesch: 38 summary: In der Frühphase der Impfstoffentwicklung wurden trivalente (2 Influenza-A-Virus-Stämme, 1 Influenza-B-Virus-Stamm) Ganzvirus-Impfstoffe der 1. Enteroviren gehören zur Gattung Enterovirus in der Familie der Picornaviren. keywords: aber; auch; bei; bis; das; den; der; des; die; durch; eine; für; infektionen; influenza; ist; mit; nicht; nur; oder; phase; rsv; sich; sind; und; viren; virus; von; werden; zur cache: cord-020789-slsfhrkx.txt plain text: cord-020789-slsfhrkx.txt item: #268 of 1203 id: cord-020969-lh2ergpm author: STRAUSS, JAMES H. title: Gene Therapy date: 2012-07-27 words: 11796 flesch: 49 summary: Recombination has been used to insert foreign genes and to delete virus genes involved in lytic growth or toxicity. In principle, any virus can be used as a vector, and systems that use a very wide spectrum of virus vectors have been described. keywords: approach; cells; dna; expression; gene; gene therapy; genome; interest; protein; results; rna; therapy; trials; vaccinia; vectors; virus; virus vectors; viruses cache: cord-020969-lh2ergpm.txt plain text: cord-020969-lh2ergpm.txt item: #269 of 1203 id: cord-021034-hnw7a3a1 author: Mahony, James B. title: Negative staining in the detection of viruses in clinical specimens date: 2002-10-09 words: 4177 flesch: 37 summary: Luisoni (1975, 1977) , attempting to further improve virus detection, added a second layer of decorator antibody to captured virus. Enhancement procedures have included the use of centrifugation and agar diffusion for concentrating virus particles, the use of solid phase capture reagents to trap virus particles and the use of secondary antibodies and electron dense markers to help visualize them. keywords: antibody; detection; electron; gold; iem; microscopy; rotavirus; specimens; viruses cache: cord-021034-hnw7a3a1.txt plain text: cord-021034-hnw7a3a1.txt item: #270 of 1203 id: cord-021069-v9f9874x author: Morrison, Lynda A. title: Viral pathogenesis and central nervous system infection date: 2004-11-23 words: 3817 flesch: 29 summary: The consequences of infection vary with the location and function of tissue injured by the virus : for example, motor neuron destruction in poliomyelitis results in paralysis ; demyelinating reactions to virus infection cause incoordination ; and virus infections of cells in the developing nervous system produce a variety of congenital abnormalities and neurological diseases (see Coyle, this issue, 32 and refs 19, 38) . Information about neuronal physiology and function has also been revealed through studying virus infection. keywords: cells; cns; host; infection; pathogenesis; system; transport; virus; viruses cache: cord-021069-v9f9874x.txt plain text: cord-021069-v9f9874x.txt item: #271 of 1203 id: cord-021116-rh0e4n2w author: Lippens, Ronnie title: Viral Contagion and Anti-Terrorism: Notes on Medical Emergency, Legality and Diplomacy date: 2004 words: 5102 flesch: 53 summary: Empire seems to have lost much of its 'productive' and 'inclusive' connotations (however repressive at times such production and inclusion may have been). This paper traces the main outlines of this emerging imaginary that has left notions of Empire as spheres of integrative production firmly behind, and is now geared towards imagining Empire as a complete, organic body of free-but-organic-and-therefore-orderly flows that however needs to be kept intact by means of epidemiological interventions aimed at excluding or neutralizing viral entities. keywords: body; diplomacy; empire; human; imaginary; legality; need; terrorism; world cache: cord-021116-rh0e4n2w.txt plain text: cord-021116-rh0e4n2w.txt item: #272 of 1203 id: cord-021375-lca26xum author: Voelkner, Nadine title: Riding the Shi: From Infection Barriers to the Microbial City date: 2019-08-23 words: 9600 flesch: 42 summary: The article began by looking at the antimicrobial politics in Chinese postcolonial Hong Kong since the turn of the century. Culturally, Baehr found the mask culture, which arose during this time, a sign of an emerging social solidarity among Hong Kong people in which they paid tribute to a common good by meeting one's duty not to endanger the wider Hong Kong community. keywords: chinese; city; disease; health; hong; hong kong; human; hygiene; infection; kong; life; macphail; microbes; sars; urban; viruses cache: cord-021375-lca26xum.txt plain text: cord-021375-lca26xum.txt item: #273 of 1203 id: cord-021413-1ht1xm88 author: Kraft, Lisbeth M. title: Viral Diseases of the Digestive System date: 2013-10-21 words: 14272 flesch: 41 summary: A number of cell systems have been successfully employed for in vitro growth of mouse hepatitis viruses: MHV-C in mouse embryo explants (Mosley, 1961) ; MHVl in newborn mouse kidney explants (Starr and Pollard, 1959) ; MHV-S in mouse embryo explants (Compels, 1953) and in liver (Gallily et aL, 1964) ; MHV-B in liver cell monolayers (Paradisi and Piccinino, 1968) ; MHV3 in liver explants (Vainio, 1961) ; MHV-B in liver cells (Miyazaki et aL, 1957) ; MHV2 and MHV3 in DBT cells (Hirano et aL, 1978; Takayama and Kim, 1978) ; and various strains in NCTC 1469 cells (David-Ferreira and Manaker, 1965; Wilsnack etaL, 1971; Hartley and Rowe, 1963) . I. Isolation and biological prop erties of the virus Serological inter relationships of murine hepatitis viruses Production of high-titer bovine rotavirus with trypsin Murine virus contaminants of leukemia viruses and transplantable tumors Reovirus type 3 infection in laboratory mice Temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3: Studies on the synthesis of viral RNA Effect of corticosteroids on mouse hepatitis virus infection An electron microscope study of the development of a mouse hepatitis virus in tissue culture cells Importance of a new virus in acute sporadic enteritis in children Comparison of the morphology of three coronaviruses Classification of rotaviruses: Report from the Worid Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Or ganization Comparative Virology Program Serologic study on the prevalence of murine viruses in five Canadian mouse colonies A virus related to that causing hepatitis in mice (MHV) Immunopathology of mouse hepatitis virus type 3. II. keywords: acute; agent; animals; cells; colony; coronaviruses; diarrhea; disease; edim; electron; et al; hepatitis; hepatitis virus; human; infant; infection; kraft; mhv; mice; mouse; mouse hepatitis; murine; nude; reovirus; rotavirus; strain; studies; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-021413-1ht1xm88.txt plain text: cord-021413-1ht1xm88.txt item: #274 of 1203 id: cord-021465-2pj26fmv author: PERDUE, MICHAEL L. title: Impact of Avian Viruses date: 2007-05-09 words: 14079 flesch: 42 summary: The isolation and classification of tern virus influenza virus A/tern/South Africa/1961 Close relationship between mink influenza (H10N4) and concomitantly circulating avian influenza viruses Spread of Marek's disease Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinins: Primary structure of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 determines proteolytic cleavability and pathogenicity of Avian influenza viruses Duck plague Avian encephalomyelitis Diseases of Poultry Diseases of Poultry Infectious bronchitis virus: Evidence for recombination within the Massachusetts serotype Revision of the taxonomy of the Coronavirus, Torovirus and Arterivirus genera An outbreak of disease due to chicken anemia agent in broiler chickens in England Outbreak of virulent infectious bursal disease in East Anglia Retroviridae: The viruses and their replication Evaluation of the molecular basis of pathogenicity of the variant Newcastle disease viruses termed pigeon PMV-I viruses Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Molecular evidence Infectious laryngotracheitis in peafowl and pheasants Exogenous and endogenous leukosis virus genes: A review Propagation and preliminary characterization of a chicken candidate calicivirus Studies on Australian infectious bronchitis virus, IV: Apparent farm-to-farm airborne transmission of infectious bronchitis Significance of parvoviruses, entero-like viruses and reoviruses in the aetiology of the chicken maladsorption syndrome The relationship between quail bronchitis virus and chicken embryo lethal orphan virus Avian influenza in Pennsylvania: The most imminent and significant human public health concerns with regard to bird viruses appear to be twofold: keywords: avian; birds; chickens; commercial; disease; host; human; infections; influenza; isolates; mortality; ndv; newcastle; poultry; species; strains; subtypes; transmission; turkeys; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-021465-2pj26fmv.txt plain text: cord-021465-2pj26fmv.txt item: #275 of 1203 id: cord-021499-up5vftj4 author: Brayton, Cory title: Viral Infections date: 2007-09-02 words: 20933 flesch: 41 summary: Murine rotavirus-A/EDIM (commonly referred to as 'mouse rotavirus' or 'epizootic diarrhoea of infant mice virus') is a nonenveloped, segmented double-stranded RNA virus of the family Reoviridae, genus Rotavirus. Mouse thymic virus was detected during studies in which samples from mice were passaged in newborn mice. keywords: age; animals; antibodies; barthold; cells; colonies; council; disease; et al; immune; infection; inoculation; laboratory; laboratory mice; lesions; materials; mhv; mice; mouse; mpv; murine; national; research; research council; results; strains; virus; viruses; weeks cache: cord-021499-up5vftj4.txt plain text: cord-021499-up5vftj4.txt item: #276 of 1203 id: cord-021552-6jbm869r author: HURST, CHRISTON J. title: Relationship Between Humans and Their Viruses date: 2007-05-09 words: 7829 flesch: 40 summary: Evasion of host defenses ~ uncertain, but may include avoiding host immune defenses by infecting immune cells. Evasion of host defenses ~ avoids host immune defenses by infecting immune cells. keywords: contact; course; genus; host; humans; infection; level; organ; tissue; tropisms; viruses cache: cord-021552-6jbm869r.txt plain text: cord-021552-6jbm869r.txt item: #277 of 1203 id: cord-021555-rrverrsj author: Delano, Margaret L. title: Biology and Diseases of Ruminants: Sheep, Goats, and Cattle date: 2007-09-02 words: 71795 flesch: 48 summary: In less severe outbreaks or individual animal disease, definitive diagnosis may never be made. Therefore, they should be housed in groups or at least within eyesight and hearing of other animals. keywords: abortion; acute; addition; adult; age; animals; areas; blood; body; bovine; breeding; breeds; calves; cases; cattle; cause; cells; chronic; colostrum; condition; control; copper; cows; dairy; days; death; diagnosis; diarrhea; differential; disease; edema; environment; epizootiology; etiology; ewes; feces; feed; fever; findings; flock; form; gastrointestinal; goats; herd; host; immunity; infection; kids; lambs; lesions; levels; liver; loss; management; mastitis; milk; months; mortality; necropsy; organism; pathogenesis; period; pregnancy; prevention; production; research; result; rumen; ruminants; sheep; signs; skin; species; states; time; tissues; tract; transmission; treatment; type; united; vaccination; vaccine; viral; virus; water; weeks; weight; young cache: cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt plain text: cord-021555-rrverrsj.txt item: #278 of 1203 id: cord-021588-ec7udsmw author: Craighead, John E. title: Enteric Viral Disease date: 2007-05-09 words: 3479 flesch: 38 summary: Experimentally induced rotavirus infection in gnotobiotic piglets. An outbreak of rotavirus infection in a geriatric hospital Acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis: Intestinal histopathology. keywords: children; disease; et al; infection; rotavirus; viruses cache: cord-021588-ec7udsmw.txt plain text: cord-021588-ec7udsmw.txt item: #279 of 1203 id: cord-021770-zn7na974 author: Slifka, Mark K. title: Passive Immunization date: 2017-07-17 words: 12151 flesch: 13 summary: Euro Surveill Emergence of new forms of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis bacilli: super extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis or totally drug-resistant strains in iran Serum therapy for tuberculosis revisited: reappraisal of the role of antibody-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis The treatment of tuberculosis by injections of immunized blood serum The antitoxic and bactericidal properties of the serum of horses treated with Koch's new tuberculin A further report on the use of anti-phthisic serum T.R. (Fisch) in tuberculosis Malignant lymphomas in transplantation patients Effect of cytomegalovirus prophylaxis with immunoglobulin or with antiviral drugs on post-transplant non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicentre retrospective analysis Pharmacokinetics of viral antibodies after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or multiple myeloma Passive immunization with the anti-HIV-1 human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) 4E10 and the hMAb combination 4E10/2F5/2G12 Delay of HIV-1 rebound after cessation of antiretroviral therapy through passive transfer of human neutralizing antibodies Adjunctive passive immunotherapy in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals treated with antiviral therapy during acute and early infection Antibodies in HIV-1 vaccine development and therapy Structural insights on the role of antibodies in HIV-1 vaccine and therapy Viraemia suppressed in HIV-1-infected humans by broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117 Therapeutic efficacy of potent neutralizing HIV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies in SHIV-infected rhesus monkeys Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter-and intracontinental transmission events Recurrent challenges for clinicians: emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistance, and current treatment options Current and future treatment options for infections caused by multidrugresistant gram-negative pathogens A novel investigational Fc-modified humanized monoclonal antibody, motavizumab-YTE, has an extended half-life in healthy adults Monoclonal antibody therapies against anthrax Raxibacumab for the treatment of inhalational anthrax The serum treatment of anthrax septicaemia The local and general serum treatment of cutaneous anthrax Protection against botulinum toxins provided by passive immunization with botulinum human immune globulin: evaluation using an inhalation model Botulinum neurotoxin neutralizing activity of immune globulin (IG) purified from clinical volunteers vaccinated with recombinant botulinum vaccine (rBV A/B) Antibody protection against botulinum neurotoxin intoxication in mice Equine antitoxin use and other factors that predict outcome in type A foodborne botulism Human botulism immune globulin for the treatment of infant botulism Early antitoxin treatment in wound botulism results in better outcome Infant botulism: a 30-year experience spanning the introduction of botulism immune globulin intravenous in the intensive care unit at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Identification of a human monoclonal antibody to replace equine diphtheria antitoxin for treatment of diphtheria intoxication The therapeutic effect of homologous and heterologous antitoxins in experimental diphtheria and tetanus Importance of intravenous injection of diphtheria antiserum The recent epidemic of diphtheria in the Johns Hopkins hospital and medical school: General procedures adopted Use of diphtheria antitoxin in the treatment and prevention of diphtheria Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: a clinical study and comparison with Guillain-Barre syndrome Mice are actively immunized after passive monoclonal antibody prophylaxis and ricin toxin challenge Conformation-dependent highaffinity potent ricin-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies Characteristics of toxin-neutralization by anti-tetanus human monoclonal antibodies directed against the three functional domains Although neutralization escape mutants are a valid concern when using monoclonal antibody therapy, 38,39 this has not yet been a major problem during clinical use of palivizumab for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). keywords: antibodies; antibody; clinical; days; disease; human; immune; immunity; immunization; immunoglobulin; immunotherapy; infection; mice; monoclonal; monoclonal antibodies; passive; patients; protection; serum; specific; study; therapy; treatment; use; vaccine; virus cache: cord-021770-zn7na974.txt plain text: cord-021770-zn7na974.txt item: #280 of 1203 id: cord-021805-2j07zw6q author: Epstein, Jonathan H. title: Emerging Diseases in Bats date: 2018-09-28 words: 4161 flesch: 42 summary: Also, having a library of sequences from all bat CoVs, filoviruses, or Risk factors for human disease emergence Zoonoses 3 Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis Anthropogenic change, biodiversity loss, and a new agenda for emerging diseases Origins of major human infectious diseases Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals Immunology of bats and their viruses: challenges and opportunities Anthropogenic epidemics: the ecology of bat borne viruses and our role in their emergence A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record Filoviruses in bats: current knowledge and future directions Roosting behaviour and habitat selection of Pteropus giganteus reveal potential links to Nipah virus epidemiology Walker's bats of the world Microchiropteran bats: global status survey and conservation action plan Economic importance of bats in agriculture Flying foxes (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae): threatened animals of key ecological and economic importance A review of the global conservation status of bats Viral discovery as a tool for pandemic preparedness Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis Ecological aspects of Hendra Virus Risk factors for Nipah virus infection among pteropid bats, peninsular Malaysia, Emerg Infect Dis coronavirus-like virus in palm civets at an animal market and on farms Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Bats, Saudi Arabia Global patterns in coronavirus diversity Dromedary camels and the transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Predictors of MERS-CoV infection: a large case control study of patients presenting with ILI at a MERS-CoV referral hospital in Saudi Arabia Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus superspreading event involving 81 persons Ecology, evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: an emerging and reemerging epizootic swine virus Bat Coronavirus in Brazil related to Appalachian Ridge and porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses Group C Betacoronavirus in Bat Guano Fertilizer Marburgvirus resurgence in Kitaka Mine bat population after extermination attempts The Global Virome Project Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human infection Modelling filovirus maintenance in nature by experimental transmission of Marburg virus between Egyptian rousette bats Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Molecular evidence of Ebola Reston virus infection in Philippine bats Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats Genetically diverse filoviruses in Rousettus and Eonycteris spp Filovirus receptor NPC1 contributes to species-specific patterns of ebolavirus susceptibility in bats Oral shedding of Marburg virus in experimentally infected Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) Human coronaviruses: what do they cause? Data are mounting to support bats as important reservoirs compared with other mammals, and large-scale surveillance efforts like PREDICT and the recently launched Global Virome Project, a 10-year effort to identify the majority of viruses in key wildlife species in emerging disease hot spots, 73 will shed more light on the total diversity of viruses in bat species and the types of human-animal interfaces that exist in different geographic and cultural contexts. keywords: animal; bats; cov; ebola; human; infection; niv; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-021805-2j07zw6q.txt plain text: cord-021805-2j07zw6q.txt item: #281 of 1203 id: cord-021894-lq8yr710 author: Cunningham, Steve title: Bronchiolitis date: 2018-03-13 words: 6539 flesch: 31 summary: 119 Recurrent wheeze in the year following Oxygen saturation targets in infants with bronchiolitis (BIDS): a double-blind, randomised, equivalence trial SABRE: a multicentre randomised control trial of nebulised hypertonic saline in infants hospitalised with acute bronchiolitis Nebulized hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial 7% Hypertonic saline in acute bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial 3% hypertonic saline versus normal saline in inpatient bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial The effect of 3% and 6% hypertonic saline in viral bronchiolitis: a randomised controlled trial Nebulized hypertonic saline for bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial Risk factors for bronchiolitis, recurrent wheezing, and related hospitalization in preterm infants during the first year of life Chronic diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, and congenital malformations as risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization: a population-based cohort study Bronchiolitis: diagnosis and management in children Prospective study of healthcare utilisation and respiratory morbidity due to RSV infection in prematurely born infants Trends in respiratory syncytial virus and bronchiolitis hospitalization rates in high-risk infants in a United States Nationally Representative Database Respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization trends in infants with chronic lung disease of infancy Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years Viral etiology of bronchiolitis among pediatric inpatients in northern Taiwan with emphasis on newly identified respiratory viruses Occurrence of groups A and B of respiratory syncytial virus over 15 years: associated epidemiologic and clinical characteristics in hospitalized and ambulatory children Severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection is related to virus strain Immunity to and frequency of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in a well vaccinated South African birth cohort: a nested casecontrol study of the Drakenstein Child Health Study Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its propensity for causing bronchiolitis Pecularities of lesions in viral and mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract Recovery of the ciliated epithelium following acute bronchiolitis in infancy Respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants: quantitation and duration of shedding Respiratory syncytial virus genomic load and disease severity among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: multicenter cohort studies in the United States and Finland Respiratory syncytial virus load, viral dynamics, and disease severity in previously healthy naturally infected children Type 1 and type 2 cytokine imbalance in acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis Viral specific factors contribute to clinical respiratory syncytial virus disease severity differences in infants Respiratory syncytial virus disease is mediated by age-variable IL-33 Surfactant protein A2 polymorphisms and disease severity in a respiratory syncytial virus-infected population Latitudinal variations in seasonal activity of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): a global comparative review Altitude and environmental climate effects on bronchiolitis severity among children presenting to the emergency department Environmental drivers of the spatiotemporal dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States Viral bronchiolitis in children Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants in Greece Duration of illness in ambulatory children diagnosed with bronchiolitis Duration of illness in infants with bronchiolitis evaluated in the emergency department The clinical burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis among infants in the United Kingdom (UK) Wheezing in infants: the response to epinephrine Measuring clinical severity in infants with bronchiolitis Bacteremia in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection WHO consultation on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Development Report from a World Health Organization Meeting held on 23-24 Effect of oxygen desaturations on subsequent medical visits in infants discharged from the emergency department with bronchiolitis Effect of oximetry on hospitalization in bronchiolitis: a randomized clinical trial Variation in inpatient diagnostic testing and management of bronchiolitis Predictors of airspace disease on chest x-ray in emergency department patients with clinical bronchiolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis Assessing the utility of urine testing in febrile infants aged 2 to 12 months with bronchiolitis Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune globulin intravenous therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infections: respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin study group Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization among premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin prophylaxis Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus: current management and new therapeutics Epinephrine and dexamethasone in children with bronchiolitis Decreased lung function precedes severe respiratory syncytial virus infection and post-respiratory syncytial virus wheeze in term infants Clinical prediction rule for RSV bronchiolitis in healthy newborns: prognostic birth cohort study Study of montelukast for the treatment of respiratory symptoms of post-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children Randomised placebo controlled trial of nebulised corticosteroids in acute respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis on behalf of the RSVCSG. keywords: acute; bronchiolitis; care; children; diagnosis; disease; infants; infection; risk; rsv; tract; virus cache: cord-021894-lq8yr710.txt plain text: cord-021894-lq8yr710.txt item: #282 of 1203 id: cord-021966-5m21bsrw author: Shaw, Alan R. title: Vaccines date: 2009-05-15 words: 21179 flesch: 27 summary: 67 n NeW ANTIGeN dISCOVeRy MeThOdS n Historically, vaccine antigens were not discovered in the literal sense. The history of vaccine development is rich with immunologic insights that emerged from careful observations of how diseases spread in populations and how such spread differs in disease-naïve and experienced populations, as well as of how innovative experimental approaches revealed fundamental aspects of immune system function. keywords: adjuvant; antibody; antigens; cell; development; disease; dna; efforts; gene; hiv; host; human; immunity; immunization; individuals; infection; live; number; pathogen; protection; protein; responses; rotavirus; safety; studies; use; vaccination; vaccine; vaccine development; vectors; virus cache: cord-021966-5m21bsrw.txt plain text: cord-021966-5m21bsrw.txt item: #283 of 1203 id: cord-021990-a8ku5rke author: Tyring, Stephen K. title: Syndromal Tropical Dermatology date: 2016-12-02 words: 7078 flesch: 42 summary: Part I. Insecta Tropical dermatology: marine and aquatic dermatology Tropical dermatology: tropical diseases caused by protozoa Tropical dermatology: bacterial tropical diseases Tropical dermatology: fungal tropical diseases Since the first publication of Tropical Dermatology in 2006, many tropical diseases previously unknown in temperate countries have been reported to have been transmitted outside the tropics (e.g., Ebola, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses), or have markedly increased their endemic areas (e.g., Chagas disease). keywords: cause; countries; disease; fever; genital; hiv; infection; lesions; non; skin; travel; traveler; tropical; virus; viruses cache: cord-021990-a8ku5rke.txt plain text: cord-021990-a8ku5rke.txt item: #284 of 1203 id: cord-022084-hap7flng author: ARRUDA, EURICO title: Respiratory Tract Viral Infections date: 2009-05-15 words: 19198 flesch: 38 summary: Although a HMPV vaccine is not available at this time, the demonstration that hamsters, ferrets, and African green monkeys are susceptible to infection by HMPV, and that hamsters vaccinated with serotype A The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: Comparison of findings from several developing countries Report of a workshop on respiratory viral infections: Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention Acute respiratory viral infections in ambulatory children of urban northeast Brazil Longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and physical growth of infants in Huascar, an underprivileged peri-urban community in At the edge of Development: Health Crises in a Transitional Society Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children of developing countries Pan American Health Organization: Acute respiratory infections in the Americas The magnitude of mortality from acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years in developing countries Acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients with diarrhea in Dhaka Day-care center attendance and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract illness Viral respiratory infections in young children attending day care in urban Northeast Brazil Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory tract virus infections in the tropics The cultural context of breastfeeding: Perspectives on the recent decline in breast-feeding in Northeast and Northcentral Brazil Reduced mortality among children in Southern India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A Search for a solution: Blending oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and popular medicine Pathogenesis of respiratory infections due to influenza virus: Implications for developing countries Respiratory viruses predisposing to bacterial infections: Role of neuraminidase Influenza: Emergence and control Orthomyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication Influenza virus Viral vaccines for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing nations: Priorities and prospects The effect of influenza on hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and courses of antibiotics in children Etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in tropical southern India A community-based study of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children Etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children from Alabang, Metro Manilla Outbreak of influenza type A (H1N1) in Iporanga Antigenic and genomic relation between human influenza viruses that circulated in Argentina in the period 1995-1999 and the corresponding vaccine components Regional perspectives on influenza surveillance in Africa H5N1 influenza: A protean pandemic threat Influenza type A and B infections in hospitalized pediatric patients Influenza viruses, cell enzymes, and pathogenicity Detection of influenza virus by centrifugal inoculation of MDCK cells and staining with monoclonal antibodies Rapid detection and simultaneous subtype differentiation of influenza A viruses by real time PCR Rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time PCR for diagnosis of infections by influenza A and influenza B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 Rational design of potent sialidase-based inhibitors of influenza virus replication Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenzavirus infections Resistant influenza 31 Up to 50% of influenza virus infections in adults are subclinical. keywords: acute; adults; age; cause; cell; children; clinical; cov; days; detection; disease; hcov; hmpv; hrv; human; illness; infants; infections; influenza; patients; pcr; rna; rsv; sars; studies; tract; tropical; vaccine; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-022084-hap7flng.txt plain text: cord-022084-hap7flng.txt item: #285 of 1203 id: cord-022128-r8el8nqm author: Domingo, Esteban title: Molecular basis of genetic variation of viruses: error-prone replication date: 2019-11-08 words: 17674 flesch: 30 summary: Mechanisms and Consequences Structure-function relationships underlying the replication fidelity of viral RNAdependent RNA polymerases Phage as agents of lateral gene transfer Incorporation fidelity of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: a kinetic, thermodynamic and structural perspective Mutations and A/I hypermutations in measles virus persistent infections Evolution of sex in RNA viruses Viral RNAdirected RNA polymerases use diverse mechanisms to promote recombination between RNA molecules Insertion/deletion frequencies match those of point mutations in the hypervariable regions of the simian immunodeficiency virus surface envelope gene Arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice Genetic variation in retroviruses Variation in RNA virus mutation rates across host cells Parallel evolution of drug resistance in HIV: failure of nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate ratio to detect selection The vaccinia virus DNA polymerase and its processivity factor Silent mutations in sight: co-variations in tRNA abundance as a key to unravel consequences of silent mutations Improvement of phi29 DNA polymerase amplification performance by fusion of DNA binding motifs Linking RNA sequence, structure, and function on massively parallel highthroughput sequences Defective interfering influenza virus RNAs: time to reevaluate their clinical potential as broad-spectrum antivirals? Virus entry into error catastrophe as a new antiviral strategy Viral Quasispecies Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of an RNA phage population Genetic variability and antigenic diversity of foot-and-mouth disease virus Quasispecies: the concept and the word Quasispecies and RNA Virus Evolution: Principles and Consequences Evolution of footand-mouth disease virus Viral quasispecies: dynamics, interactions and pathogenesis A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes Mutation rates among RNA viruses Detenction of truncated virus particles in a persistent RNA virus infection in vivo Evolvability is a selectable trait High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-exonuclease mutant virus replication is revealed by complete genome sequencing Error catastrophe and antiviral strategy Sequence space and quasispecies distribution Adaptive value of high mutation rates of RNA viruses: separating causes from consequences Multiple molecular pathways for fitness recovery of an RNA virus debilitated by operation of Muller's ratchet RT-PCR amplification and cloning of large viral sequences Adaptation of mRNA structure to control protein folding A comparison of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases Structural insights into replication initiation and elongation processes by the FMDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Random mutagenesis using error-prone DNA polymerases Specialized DNA polymerases, cellular survival, and the genesis of mutations DNA Repair and Mutagenesis Statistical tests of neutrality of mutations against population growth, hitchhiking and background selection Extremely high mutation rate of a hammerhead viroid RNA recombination in vivo in the absence of viral replication Comparative analysis of the molecular mechanisms of recombination in hepatitis C virus DNA replication-a matter of fidelity Evolutionary transition toward defective RNAs that are infectious by complementation Information dynamics in carcinogenesis and tumor growth Evolution of circulating wild poliovirus and of vaccine-derived poliovirus in an immunodeficient patient: a unifying model In-depth, longitudinal analysis of viral quasispecies from an individual triply infected with late-stage human immunodeficiency virus type 1, using a multiple PCR primer approach Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution Molecular Basis of Virus Evolution Functional and genetic plasticities of the poliovirus genome: quasi-infectious RNAs modified in the 5'-untranslated region yield a variety of pseudorevertants Nonreplicative homologous RNA recombination: promiscuous joining of RNA pieces? Mutation frequencies measured by subjecting virus to a specific selective agent (e.g., mutants that escape the neutralizing activity of a monoclonal antibody or mutants that escape inhibition by a drug) span a broad range of values (10 À 3 to 10 À 8 ) for DNA and RNA viruses (Smith and Inglis, 1987; Sarisky et al., 2000; Domingo et al., 2001) (Table 2 .1). keywords: acid; amino; cells; chapter; dna; error; et al; evolution; fidelity; forms; frequency; genome; mechanisms; mutant; mutation; mutation rates; nucleotide; polymerase; rates; reassortment; recombination; repair; replication; rna; rna viruses; selection; sequence; site; template; type; variation; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-022128-r8el8nqm.txt plain text: cord-022128-r8el8nqm.txt item: #286 of 1203 id: cord-022163-7klzsrpu author: Broder, Christopher C. title: Henipaviruses date: 2016-09-09 words: 14473 flesch: 32 summary: The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses Epidemiological perspectives on Hendra virus infection in horses and fl ying foxes Mumps virus replication in human lymphoid cell lines and in peripheral blood lymphocytes: preference for T cells Combined chloroquine and ribavirin treatment does not prevent death in a hamster model of Nipah and Hendra virus infection Ephrin-B2 selectively marks arterial vessels and neovascularization sites in the adult, with expression in both endothelial and smooth-muscle cells Development of an acute and highly pathogenic nonhuman primate model of Nipah virus infection Animal challenge models of Henipavirus infection and pathogenesis Therapeutic treatment of Nipah virus infection in nonhuman primates with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody Poly(I)-poly(C12U) but not ribavirin prevents death in a hamster model of Nipah virus infection Relevance of CD6-mediated interactions in T cell activation and proliferation Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia Elucidation of Nipah virus morphogenesis and replication using ultrastructural and molecular approaches Nipah virus: vaccination and passive protection studies in a hamster model Antibody prophylaxis and therapy against Nipah virus infection in Hamsters Acute Hendra virus infection: analysis of the pathogenesis and passive antibody protection in the hamster model Pteropid bats are confi rmed as the reservoir hosts of henipaviruses: a comprehensive experimental study of virus transmission Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus Interaction between chicken lymphocytes and Newcastle disease virus Genetic characterization of Nipah virus Molecular characterization of Nipah virus, a newly emergent paramyxovirus Paramyxovirus assembly and budding: building particles that transmit infections Serologic evidence of Nipah virus infection in bats Evidence of henipavirus infection in West African fruit bats Antibodies to henipavirus or henipa-like viruses in domestic pigs in Ghana, West Africa Nipah virus outbreak with person-to-person transmission in a district of Bangladesh Cluster of Nipah virus infection Comparative pathology of the diseases caused by Hendra and Nipah viruses The retrospective diagnosis of a second outbreak of equine morbillivirus infection Nipah virus encephalitis reemergence Ultrastructure of Hendra virus and Nipah virus within cultured cells and host animals Henipavirus and Tioman virus antibodies in pteropodid bats Replication and persistence of measles virus in defi ned subpopulations of human leukocytes Newcastle disease virus-vectored Nipah encephalitis vaccines induce B and T cell responses in mice and long-lasting neutralizing antibodies in pigs Virus infections in the nervous system Effects of canine distemper virus infection on lymphoid function in vitro and in vivo Rhabdovirus-based vaccine platforms against Henipaviruses Eph, a protein family coming of age: more confusion, insight, or complexity? Fields virology Modes of paramyxovirus fusion: a Henipavirus perspective Experimental inoculation study indicates swine as a potential host for Hendra virus Antibodies to Nipah or Nipah-like viruses in bats Single-dose replication-defective VSV-based Nipah virus vaccines provide protection from lethal challenge in Syrian hamsters Structural pathways for macromolecular and cellular transport across the blood-brain barrier during infl ammatory conditions The pandemic potential of Nipah virus Paramyxoviruses: henipaviruses Epidemiology of henipavirus disease in humans Transmission of human infection with Nipah virus Recurrent zoonotic transmission of Nipah virus into humans Hendra virus: an emerging paramyxovirus in Australia Experimental infection of squirrel monkeys with Nipah virus Cedar virus: a novel Henipavirus isolated from Australian bats Experimental infection of horses with Hendra virus/australia/horse/2008/redlands Genome sequence conservation of Hendra virus isolates during spillover to horses Nipah virus uses leukocytes for effi cient dissemination within a host A recombinant subunit vaccine formulation protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge in cats Illuminating viral infections in the nervous system Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodies against Hendra virus Endocytosis plays a critical role in proteolytic processing of the Hendra virus fusion protein Hendra virus vaccine, a one health approach to protecting horse, human, and environmental health Experimental Nipah virus infection in pteropid bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) Henipaviruses in their natural animal hosts Experimental Nipah virus infection in pigs and cats A recombinant Hendra virus G glycoprotein subunit vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Hendra virus challenge Single injection recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccines protect ferrets against lethal Nipah virus disease Nipah virus infection of pigs in peninsular Malaysia Olfactory transmission of neurotropic viruses Feline model of acute Nipah virus infection and protection with a soluble glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine Rapid Nipah virus entry into the central nervous system of hamsters via the olfactory route A novel morbillivirus pneumonia of horses and its transmission to humans A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus Two key residues in ephrinB3 are critical for its use as an alternative receptor for Nipah virus TLR3 agonists as immunotherapeutic agents Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier Cathepsin L is involved in proteolytic processing of the Hendra virus fusion protein Subcellular localization and calcium and pH requirements for proteolytic processing of the Hendra virus fusion protein Chloroquine administration does not prevent Nipah virus infection and disease in ferrets A recombinant Hendra virus G glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine protects ferrets from lethal Hendra virus challenge Eph-ephrin bidirectional signaling in physiology and disease Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer: bidirectional signalling and beyond Quantitative analysis of Nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein The YPLGVG sequence of the Nipah virus matrix protein is required for budding Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore Henipavirus neutralising antibodies in an isolated island population of African fruit bats Continent-wide panmixia of an African fruit bat facilitates transmission of potentially zoonotic viruses Evidence for henipavirus spillover into human populations in Africa Human Hendra virus encephalitis associated with equine outbreak Protection against henipavirus infection by use of recombinant adenoassociated virus-vector vaccines Urban habituation, ecological connectivity and epidemic dampening: the emergence of Hendra virus from fl ying foxes (Pteropus spp.) keywords: acute; animals; bats; cell; challenge; cns; disease; encephalitis; et al; evidence; fusion; glycoprotein; hendra; henipavirus; hev; horses; human; infection; model; nipah; nipah virus; niv; outbreak; pigs; studies; vaccine; virus cache: cord-022163-7klzsrpu.txt plain text: cord-022163-7klzsrpu.txt item: #287 of 1203 id: cord-022196-1tionxun author: FENNER, FRANK title: The Nature and Classification of Animal Viruses date: 2013-11-17 words: 9589 flesch: 42 summary: In viruses whose genome consists of single-stranded nucleic acid, the viral nucleic acid is either the positive strand (in RNA viruses, equivalent to messenger RNA) or the negative (complementary) strand. The diameters of the nucleocapsids of several viruses have been measured, but in only a few cases is the length or the pitch of the helix known. keywords: acid; animal; capsomers; classification; dna; envelope; genome; genus; protein; rna; type; units; virion; viruses cache: cord-022196-1tionxun.txt plain text: cord-022196-1tionxun.txt item: #288 of 1203 id: cord-022252-9yiuuye3 author: Mims, Cedric A. title: Mechanisms of Cell and Tissue Damage date: 2013-11-17 words: 28876 flesch: 45 summary: Mycoplasma (see Table A .2) can grow in special cell-free media, but in the infected individual they generally multiply while attached to the surface of host cells. to host cells and tissues, but α-toxin is easily the most important one. keywords: action; activity; antibodies; antibody; antigen; bacteria; blood; cause; cells; changes; complexes; damage; death; diarrhoea; disease; endotoxin; example; factor; fever; fig; fluid; host; human; immune; infected; infection; liver; man; membrane; mice; protein; release; response; skin; staphylococcal; tissue; toxin; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-022252-9yiuuye3.txt plain text: cord-022252-9yiuuye3.txt item: #289 of 1203 id: cord-022254-8y5sq72c author: Nathanson, Neal title: IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND VIRUS INFECTION OF RODENTS date: 2012-12-02 words: 3211 flesch: 25 summary: Adverse effects of interferon in virus infection, autoimmune diseases and acquired immunodeficiency Selective effects of antimacrophage serum, silica, and antilymphocyte serum on pathogenesis of herpes virus infection of young adult mice Modifications by sodium aurothio-malate of the expression of virulence by defined strains of Semliki Forest virus Use of silica to identify host mechanisms involved in suppression of established Friend virus leukemia Beneficial effect of cyclosporin A on the lymphocytic choriomengitis virus infection in mice Modulation by cyclosporin A of murine natural resistance against herpes simplex virus infection. The recent development of methods for the cloning of T cells and the culture of T cell lines (88) (89) (90) (91) (92) , has made it possible to study the effect of specific T cell subsets upon virus infection (93) (94) (95) (96) . keywords: animals; antibodies; cells; immune; infection; mice; response; virus cache: cord-022254-8y5sq72c.txt plain text: cord-022254-8y5sq72c.txt item: #290 of 1203 id: cord-022262-ck2lhojz author: Gromeier, Matthias title: Genetics, Pathogenesis and Evolution of Picornaviruses date: 2007-09-02 words: 28053 flesch: 39 summary: With this experiment, reverse genetics of RNA viruses was born as the RNA genome was now amenable to manipulations developed for DNA. As is discussed in Chapter 7, this phenomenon has profound biological consequences for RNA viruses. keywords: capsid; cell; cleavage; conserved; disease; et al; evolution; expression; figure; gene; genome; host; human; ires; new; picornaviruses; poliovirus; poliovirus rna; polyprotein; proteins; pr~; receptor; recombination; region; replication; rna; rna viruses; sequence; strand; structure; synthesis; translation; type; viruses; vpg; wimmer et cache: cord-022262-ck2lhojz.txt plain text: cord-022262-ck2lhojz.txt item: #291 of 1203 id: cord-022305-uvor9rts author: Jacoby, Robert O. title: Viral Diseases date: 2013-11-17 words: 15864 flesch: 42 summary: Significance as a research complication and experimental production with Mycoplasma pulmonis Enteric trans mission of parvoviruses: Pathogenesis of rat virus infection in adult rats LCM disease of the adult rat: Morphological alterations of the brain Study of virus isolated from a chloroleukemic Wistar rat Cytomegalic inclusion disease of lacrimai glands in male laboratory rats An epizootic of Sendai virus infection in a rat colony Rat virus, an agent with an affinity for the dividing cell Hydroencephalus in hamsters, ferrets, rats and mice following incoulations with reovirus type 1. II. A virus from mammary tissue of rats treated with X-ray or methylcholanthrene (MC) Experimental infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in newborn rats: Effects of treatment with iododeoxyuridine and cytosine arabinoside Hemadsorption and related studies on the hamster-osteolytic viruses Enzootic Sendai infection in laboratory hamsters Isolation and growth of rat cytomegalovirus in vitro Intranuclear inclusions in rattus (Mastomys) natalensis infected with rat virus Studies on the natural infection of rats with the Kilham rat virus Seroepidemiological study of rat virus infection in a closed laboratory col ony The pathogenesis of Sendai virus infection in the mouse lung keywords: agent; antibody; cells; colonies; days; disease; fig; glands; infection; laboratory; lesions; mice; natural; pneumonia; rat virus; rats; rcv; sdav; sendai; sendai virus; signs; studies; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-022305-uvor9rts.txt plain text: cord-022305-uvor9rts.txt item: #292 of 1203 id: cord-022324-tcltmhi7 author: Barthold, Stephen W. title: MOUSE HEPATITIS VIRUS BIOLOGY AND EPIZOOTIOLOGY date: 2012-12-02 words: 5623 flesch: 38 summary: This fact is most evident in T cell deficient, athymic nude mice, in which MHV titers initially parallel their heterozygous euthymic counterparts, but continue to rise as hétérozygotes recover (73) Only a single study has demonstrated delayed-type hypersensitivity in MHV immunized mice (62). Nevertheless, recent work is suggesting that selective cell tropism can take place with specific MHV strains and that host cell type can influence the outcome of MHV infection. keywords: cells; disease; hepatitis; host; infection; jhm; mhv; mice; mouse; strains; virus cache: cord-022324-tcltmhi7.txt plain text: cord-022324-tcltmhi7.txt item: #293 of 1203 id: cord-022348-w7z97wir author: Sola, Monica title: Drift and Conservatism in RNA Virus Evolution: Are They Adapting or Merely Changing? date: 2007-09-02 words: 10898 flesch: 50 summary: Muller's ratchet decreases fitness of a DNA-based microbe Increased immune response elicited by DNA vaccination with a synthetic gp120 sequence with optimized codon usage The phylogeny of The Canterbury Tales Isolation of new ribozymes from a large pool of random sequences Forced evolution of a regulatory RNA helix in the HIV-1 genome Role of the first and third extracellular domains of CXCR-4 in human immunodeficiency virus coreceptor activity Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Responses in Insects Nucleotide composition as a driving force in the evolution of retroviruses Unusually high frequency of Epstein-Barr virus genetic variants in Papua New Guinea that can escape cytotoxic T-cell recognition: implications for virus evolution Role of host immune response in selection of equine infectous anemia virus variants Fitness of RNA virus decreased by Muller's ratchet Evolution of sex and the molecular clock in RNA viruses HIV and T-cell expansion in splenic white pulps is accompanied by infiltration of HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Antigenic stimulation by BCG as an in vivo driving force for SIV replication and dissemination Genetic bottlenecks and population passages cause profound fitness differences in RNA viruses Nucleotide sequences of three Nodavirus RNA2's: the messengers for their coat protein precursors Primary and secondary structure of black beetle virus RNA2, the genomic messenger for BBV coat protein precursor HLA-A11 epitope loss isolates of Epstein-Barr virus from a highly Al1+ population T cell responses and virus evolution: loss of HLA All-restricted CTL epitopes in Epstein-Barr virus isolates from highly All-positive populations by selective mutation of anchor residues RNA virus quasispecies populations can suppress vastly superior mutant progeny The genome sequence of herpes simplex virus type 2 RNA viral mutations and fitness for survival Basic concepts in RNA virus evolution Origins and evolutionary relationships of retroviruses Rates of spontaneous mutations among RNA viruses Rapid fitness losses in mammalian RNA virus clones due to Muller's ratchet High viral load and CD4 lymphopenia in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques infected by a chimeric primate lentivirus constructed using the env, rev, tat, and vpu genes from HIV-1 Lai The viral quasispecies Sequence space and quasispecies distribution Structurally complex and highly active RNA ligases derived from random RNA sequences Does the VP1 gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus behave as a molecular clock? key: cord-022348-w7z97wir authors: Sola, Monica; Wain-Hobson, Simon title: Drift and Conservatism in RNA Virus Evolution: Are They Adapting or Merely Changing? date: 2007-09-02 journal: Origin and Evolution of Viruses DOI: 10.1016/b978-012220360-2/50007-6 sha: doc_id: 22348 cord_uid: w7z97wir This chapter argues that the vast majority of genetic changes or mutations fixed by RNA viruses are essentially neutral or nearly neutral in character. keywords: acid; amino; et al; evolution; example; figure; fitness; genomes; hiv; human; immunodeficiency; mutations; number; proteins; rna; selection; sequence; substitutions; variation; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-022348-w7z97wir.txt plain text: cord-022348-w7z97wir.txt item: #294 of 1203 id: cord-022349-z8w1wkm8 author: Beeler, Judy A. title: Human and Animal Viruses date: 2007-09-02 words: 4589 flesch: 43 summary: Viruses held to a low number of passages in animals or cell cultures represent a viral population that is similar to that found in nature, and freezing these pools guards against genetic mutations that occur during subsequent passage. The classification of viruses is based on morphological and physiochemical properties. keywords: cell; culture; drying; freeze; freezing; seed; vaccines; virus; viruses cache: cord-022349-z8w1wkm8.txt plain text: cord-022349-z8w1wkm8.txt item: #295 of 1203 id: cord-022354-aqtceqqo author: HUNTER, ERIC title: Membrane Insertion and Transport of Viral Glycoproteins: A Mutational Analysis date: 2012-12-02 words: 17775 flesch: 32 summary: Perlman and Halvorson (1983) and von Heijne (1983) have examined sequences of a number of membrane proteins and have described amino acid sequence patterns that allow prediction of signal peptidase cleavage sites with greater than 90% accuracy. Many cell surface and membrane proteins of animal viruses are bound to the lipid bilayer by a membrane-spanning hydrophobic peptide close to the carboxy terminus of the polypeptide (reviewed by Warren, 1981; Armstrong et aL, 1981) . keywords: acid; amino; amino acid; anchor; cell; complex; domain; env; et al; gene; glycoproteins; golgi; hydrophobic; influenza; intracellular; leu; leu leu; membrane; mutant; peptide; protein; region; sequence; signal; surface; transport; virus cache: cord-022354-aqtceqqo.txt plain text: cord-022354-aqtceqqo.txt item: #296 of 1203 id: cord-022378-ovxmy1as author: Cook, Jane K.A. title: Coronaviridae date: 2009-05-15 words: 4037 flesch: 48 summary: Th e IBV contains four structural proteins: a surface projection, known as the spike, a nucleoprotein, a membrane protein and a small membrane protein. In IBV infection of commercial layers or broiler breeders, respiratory signs may or may not be observed and the most common manifestation is the eff ect on egg production and egg quality. keywords: birds; diff; disease; ibv; infection; vaccine; virus cache: cord-022378-ovxmy1as.txt plain text: cord-022378-ovxmy1as.txt item: #297 of 1203 id: cord-022383-pz0htccp author: Kohn, Dennis F. title: Biology and Diseases of Rats date: 2013-11-17 words: 20192 flesch: 48 summary: It must, there- fore, be assumed that seropositive rats are persistently infected and can serve as a source of infection to other rats. Attempts to induce the disease in other rats with this agent have yielded inconsistent results (Fox et al, 1977) . keywords: agents; animals; antibody; cause; cell; clinical; colonies; colony; days; diagnosis; disease; epithelium; females; fig; glands; host; infected; infection; laboratory; laboratory rats; lesions; lung; mice; mouse; mycoplasma; number; organism; pulmonis; rats; research; sdav; sendai; signs; species; stocks; strains; studies; tract; tumors; virus; water cache: cord-022383-pz0htccp.txt plain text: cord-022383-pz0htccp.txt item: #298 of 1203 id: cord-022393-s26d54ew author: E. Newcomer, Christian title: Zoonoses and Other Human Health Hazards date: 2007-09-02 words: 17048 flesch: 33 summary: The biomedical literature contains numerous reports of zoonotic diseases and parasitic infestations from laboratory mice and their wild counterparts. Wild caught mice that are maintained in naturalistic housing environments in the laboratory, laboratory mice that have contact with wild or feral mice, and mice kept as pets in the home environment are examples of animal management conditions that would be conducive to the expression and transmission of zoonotic diseases and other mouse-associated hazards. keywords: allergen; allergy; animal; bite; cases; choriomeningitis; colonies; disease; et al; exposure; fever; health; host; humans; individuals; infection; laboratory; laboratory animal; laboratory mice; lcmv; mice; mite; moniliformis; mouse; patients; personnel; research; risk; rodents; salmonella; species; studies; symptoms; transmission; virus; wild cache: cord-022393-s26d54ew.txt plain text: cord-022393-s26d54ew.txt item: #299 of 1203 id: cord-022399-66mzbynu author: Hopkins, Graham title: Basic microbiology date: 2009-05-15 words: 8603 flesch: 48 summary: Such cells have inclusions like nuclei and an endoplasmic reticulum. Its numbers are kept in check by the presence of other organisms but as it is resistant to many antibiotics it can gain dominance if the surrounding organisms are suppressed. keywords: agents; bacteria; body; cause; cell; conjunctivitis; contact; eye; form; host; infection; membrane; organisms; species; viruses cache: cord-022399-66mzbynu.txt plain text: cord-022399-66mzbynu.txt item: #300 of 1203 id: cord-022439-8wy7rpqv author: DENMAN, A.M. title: Viral Etiology of Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis date: 2013-11-17 words: 10792 flesch: 39 summary: First, antibodies If viruses induce PM/DM, the simplest mech anism by which they could induce this disease is by replicating in muscle cells, thereby serv ing as a direct target for an immune attack. Furthermore, ephemeral or latent infection of muscle cells could initiate an immune response subsequently sustained by other mechanisms. keywords: antibodies; antibody; antigens; autoantibodies; cells; coxsackievirus; diseases; evidence; human; immune; infection; lymphocytes; mice; monoclonal; muscle; myocarditis; patients; virus; viruses cache: cord-022439-8wy7rpqv.txt plain text: cord-022439-8wy7rpqv.txt item: #301 of 1203 id: cord-022453-xe5v7947 author: BABIUK, L.A. title: Viral Gastroenteritis in Ruminants date: 2013-11-17 words: 4841 flesch: 42 summary: Since they also appear to be relatively resistant to virus infection the disease is often self-limiting if dehydration is not so significant as to cause death (Woode, 1982; Garwes, 1982) . It should be stressed that although the degree of villous damage may be influenced by the virulence of the virus and the immunological status of the animal, the rate of regeneration of enterocytes and enterocyte maturation may also vary with the age of the animal and the site of virus infection. keywords: animals; cells; diarrhea; infection; rotavirus; virus; viruses cache: cord-022453-xe5v7947.txt plain text: cord-022453-xe5v7947.txt item: #302 of 1203 id: cord-022674-90g0461f author: Hurst, Christon J. title: Detecting Viruses in Water date: 1989-09-01 words: 7264 flesch: 30 summary: Recent advances for these types of assays include the deliberate use of mixed cell types within single cultures that are to be inoculated with virus samples. 1.32.34.71.7~-79cartridges prepared as hollow tubesof filter material,2,77and cartridges composed of pleated sheets of filter material.28Jl Viruses adsorb onto the filter matrix during the passage of viral-containing water samples through the filters. keywords: adsorption; assay; cells; concentration; detection; environmental; filters; material; membrane; nucleic; samples; techniques; types; viruses; water; water sample cache: cord-022674-90g0461f.txt plain text: cord-022674-90g0461f.txt item: #303 of 1203 id: cord-022822-7346069t author: None title: Infections, Immunity & their Effects on Asthma date: 2006-10-02 words: 3292 flesch: 27 summary: The role of respiratory virus infections as precipitants of asthma exacerbations in adults is less well established. Clinical studies indicate that people with asthma have increased susceptibility to respiratory virus infection in that they develop lower respiratory symptoms of greater severity and duration when infected with rhinoviruses and that these are accompanied by greater falls in peak flow [10] . keywords: asthma; infection; mechanisms; responses; studies; virus cache: cord-022822-7346069t.txt plain text: cord-022822-7346069t.txt item: #304 of 1203 id: cord-022830-tvt58gtn author: Li, Dan title: Fate of Foodborne Viruses in the “Farm to Fork” Chain of Fresh Produce date: 2015-10-08 words: 12204 flesch: 33 summary: The effectiveness of chlorine in virus inactivation on produce can vary according to the virus under study (Butot and others 2008; Fraisse and others 2011) and according to the type of produce (Butot and others 2008) . Hence, viral presence in soil may increase the risk of fresh produce contamination (Wei and others 2010) . keywords: chlorine; contamination; enteric; food; foodborne; hav; hepatitis; human; inactivation; lettuce; log; norovirus; nov; outbreak; persistence; processing; produce; reduction; study; survival; temperature; treatment; viruses; water cache: cord-022830-tvt58gtn.txt plain text: cord-022830-tvt58gtn.txt item: #305 of 1203 id: cord-022947-ruizhgwh author: Elliot, Elisa L title: Indicator organisms for estuarine and marine waters date: 2006-03-27 words: 10569 flesch: 39 summary: [50, 147] , in sea water, is a vexing problem, especially for those responsible for regulating the use of sewage-contamined sites, including fresh, estuarine, and marine water and sediment, and shellfish harvested from these waters. [50, 51] also differentiates fecal indicators from water quality indicators. keywords: bacteria; coliforms; enteric; environment; estuarine; indicators; marine; ocean; organisms; pathogens; pollution; presence; quality; sea; seawater; sediment; sewage; survival; viruses; water cache: cord-022947-ruizhgwh.txt plain text: cord-022947-ruizhgwh.txt item: #306 of 1203 id: cord-022960-u4s23x1r author: Pihlstrom, Bruce Lee title: Selections from the current literature date: 2020-04-17 words: 1116 flesch: 43 summary: The authors stated that during the current pandemic, treatment should only be provided when local, regional and national July 2020 JSCAN 9 guidelines are followed as much as possible and, in the dental professional's opinion, the care is safe for the child, caregiver and dental provider. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and its inactivation with biocidal agents Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination Risk of hepatitis B virus transmission via dental handpieces and evaluation of an anti-suction device for prevention of transmission How the Virus Spreads Interim Additional Guidance for Outpatient and Ambulatory Care Settings: Responding to Community Transmission of COVID-19 in the United States COVID-19) In light of these reports, the authors noted that dental patients and personnel can be exposed to this virus because of face-to-face communication with patients, frequent exposure to saliva, blood, and aerosols, and by handling sharp instruments. keywords: authors; coronavirus; virus cache: cord-022960-u4s23x1r.txt plain text: cord-022960-u4s23x1r.txt item: #307 of 1203 id: cord-022980-tkii8se4 author: None title: Diarrhea date: 2008-03-05 words: 304 flesch: 35 summary: Nevertheless, until recently gastro-enteritis provided a poor hunting ground for virologists for, although such viruses as adenoviruses, echoviruses and Coxsackie viruses could be isolated from the stools of patients with acute gastro-enteritis, they could often be recovered with almost equal frequency from those without diarrhoeal disease, particularly in developing countries. The role of such other viruses as astroviruses, calciviruses, adenoviruses and coronaviruses remains as yet to be clearly established. keywords: viruses cache: cord-022980-tkii8se4.txt plain text: cord-022980-tkii8se4.txt item: #308 of 1203 id: cord-023034-j8zwcfys author: Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E. title: Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus: II. Propagation in Suckling Mouse Brain date: 2010-05-13 words: 2275 flesch: 35 summary: Table 1 Passage history of FIP virus (strain Dahlberg) in suckling mouse brain Support for this tentative classification has been obtained recently from neutralization and immunofluorescence studies showing an antigenic relationship between FIP virus and the coronavirus causing transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) of swine (6, 8, 13) . keywords: brain; fip; material; mouse; passage; peritonitis; virus cache: cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt plain text: cord-023034-j8zwcfys.txt item: #309 of 1203 id: cord-023092-unjv71qv author: Horzinek, Prof. Dr Marian C. title: Feline leukaemia prophylaxis date: 2008-04-10 words: 2408 flesch: 46 summary: Transmission experiments with leukaemia (lymphosarcoma) Detection of the feline leukemia virus and other mammalian oncornaviruses by immunofluorescence Monoclonal antibodies to three epitopic regions of feline leukemia virus p27 and their use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of p27 Molecular cloning and characterization of endogenous feline leukemia virus sequences from a cat genomic library Immunosuppressive activity of the retroviral envelope protein p15E and its possible relationship to neoplasia Vaccination against feline leukaemia virus using a cell membrane antigen system Experimental oncornavirus vaccines in the cat Safety and efficacy studies of liveand killed-feline leukaemia virus vaccines Abrogation of resistance to feline oncornavirus disease by immunization with killed feline leukemia virus Properties of mouse leukaemia viruses. It appears very unlikely that FIP virus should have survived 4 weeks in the owner's home. keywords: animals; cat; feline; felv; leukaemia; virus cache: cord-023092-unjv71qv.txt plain text: cord-023092-unjv71qv.txt item: #310 of 1203 id: cord-023143-fcno330z author: None title: Molecular aspects of viral immunity date: 2004-02-19 words: 43520 flesch: 44 summary: The immunohistological analysis suggests that CD8+ T cell dependent disappearence of marginal zone macrophages of follicular dendritic cells and of virus infected cells in general correlates with immunosuppression. Our studies indicate that MHC class I resmcted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are activated in response to viral antigens leading to destruction of virus infected cells and loss of transgene expression. keywords: activity; amino; analysis; animals; antibodies; antibody; antigen; b cells; binding; cd4; cd8; cell responses; challenge; class; clones; cns; ctl; ctl response; cytokines; cytotoxic t; days; different; disease; dna; epitopes; expression; gene; hiv; hla; host; human; ifn; immune; immunity; infected; infection; influenza; lcmv; levels; lymphocytes; memory; mhc; mice; model; molecules; mouse; murine; peptides; primary; production; protein; recognition; recombinant; replication; response; results; role; sequence; specific; spleen; strains; studies; t cells; type; vaccine; vaccinia; viral; virus; virus infection; viruses; vivo cache: cord-023143-fcno330z.txt plain text: cord-023143-fcno330z.txt item: #311 of 1203 id: cord-023200-3caevjvh author: Falanga, Annarita title: Membranotropic peptides mediating viral entry date: 2018-02-13 words: 6066 flesch: 36 summary: [70, 71] As for enveloped virus fusion peptides, the amphipathic a-helix seems to be a key structural motif also for non-enveloped viruses. [3] On the other hand, the entry of non-enveloped viruses, which lacking the outer viral membrane are unable to take advantage of the cellular mechanism of membrane fusion, involves the activation of viral lytic factors that induce cell membrane rupture. keywords: entry; fusion; fusion peptides; hydrophobic; membrane; membrane fusion; membranotropic; peptides; proteins; viruses cache: cord-023200-3caevjvh.txt plain text: cord-023200-3caevjvh.txt item: #312 of 1203 id: cord-023293-te0n2vvp author: Carter, M. J. title: Caliciviruses date: 2005-10-18 words: 5077 flesch: 47 summary: First, it has been postulated that there is a natural genetic resistance (or susceptibility) to Nonvalk virus infection in some cases. This was later termed San Miguel sealion virus (SMSV) and similar viruses have since been isolated from a variety of marine animals including fish, pinnipeds and whales. keywords: antibody; caliciviruses; disease; hepatitis; hucv; human; non; particles; virus; viruses cache: cord-023293-te0n2vvp.txt plain text: cord-023293-te0n2vvp.txt item: #313 of 1203 id: cord-023488-jf2xl3vl author: Le Duc, James W. title: Emerging Viral Diseases: Why We Need to Worry about Bats, Camels, and Airplanes date: 2016-02-12 words: 9387 flesch: 46 summary: Even though the era of modern virology has been well established for more than 65 years, virus diseases continue to appear or reemerge. Ebola virus disease in West Africa-The first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections Gene loss and adaptation to hominids underlie the ancient origin of HIV-1 Sharp PM AIDS as a zoonosis: scientific and public health implications Nef proteins of epidemic HIV-1 group O strains antagonize human tetherin Vif proteins from diverse primate lentiviral lineages use the same binding site in APOBEC3G The origins of AIDS Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic keywords: africa; agent; cases; disease; ebola; emergence; host; human; infections; influenza; new; outbreak; pandemic; population; species; spread; virus; viruses cache: cord-023488-jf2xl3vl.txt plain text: cord-023488-jf2xl3vl.txt item: #314 of 1203 id: cord-023564-kpqvyxxe author: None title: Viral gastroenteritis: Causes, pathophysiology, immunology, treatment, and epidemiology date: 2004-09-14 words: 2514 flesch: 33 summary: Glass et al., 2001 Age-dependent diarrhea induced by a rotaviral nonstructural glycoprotein The magnitude of the global problem of diarrhoeal disease: a ten-year update Impact of diarrhoeal disease worldwide Clinical trials of improved oral rehydration salt formulations: a review Immune responses to gut virus infections Current status and future priorities for rotavirus vaccine development, evaluation and implementation in developing countries Protective effect of rotavirus VP6-specific IgA monoclonal antibodies that lack neutralizing activity Influence of coronavims (transmissible gastroenteritis) infection on jejunal myoelectrical activity of the neonatal pig Gastroenteritis Viruses. Despite the low mortality rate of infections with gastroenteritis viruses in developed countries, the disease burden is considerable. keywords: children; diarrhoea; disease; gastroenteritis; rotavirus; viruses cache: cord-023564-kpqvyxxe.txt plain text: cord-023564-kpqvyxxe.txt item: #315 of 1203 id: cord-023584-yaxawqhj author: Bucknall, R.A. title: The Continuing Search for Antiviral Drugs date: 2008-04-10 words: 8499 flesch: 45 summary: Research into the treatment of virus diseases by drugs is at present directed toward three general areas: (1) attempts to stimulate the defense mechanism of the host animal, (2) large screening programs to find drugs which directly block some virus-specific process, and (3) alleviation of the symptoms of the disease. Because of this, it is usually assumed that antiviral drugs will only be of value in preventing and not in curing virus diseases. keywords: activity; animal; cells; compounds; culture; disease; drugs; growth; synthesis; test; tissue; virus; viruses cache: cord-023584-yaxawqhj.txt plain text: cord-023584-yaxawqhj.txt item: #316 of 1203 id: cord-023608-w2g7v7g1 author: None title: ISAR News date: 2017-10-20 words: 6063 flesch: 45 summary: Infection with ZIKV, which can result in congenital deformities in newborn babies when the mothers are infected during pregnancy as well as Guillain-Barré syndrome in otherwise healthy adults, has brought intense international focus on this emerging threat with calls for urgent development of antiviral drugs. Each award Dengue fever disease is caused by the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV 1-4) and is mostly transmitted by the urban dwelling Aedes aegypti mosquito. keywords: antiviral; dengue; development; drug; icar; isar; meeting; research; rna; society; support; vaccine; virus; viruses; women; year cache: cord-023608-w2g7v7g1.txt plain text: cord-023608-w2g7v7g1.txt item: #317 of 1203 id: cord-023622-tul7bonh author: None title: Rotaviruses of Man and Animals date: 1975-02-01 words: 1953 flesch: 43 summary: Stools may be extremely rich in virus particles-there may be 109 to 1010 particles per gramme of faeces. Virus-infected organ cultures may be used for titrating antibody by I.F., and this provides a method that is rather more sensitive than c.F.; an effective c.F. antigen may be simply prepared from stool extracts rich in virus particles. keywords: cause; gastroenteritis; particles; patients; viruses cache: cord-023622-tul7bonh.txt plain text: cord-023622-tul7bonh.txt item: #318 of 1203 id: cord-023678-9q68ftr9 author: Hierholzer, J.C. title: Virus isolation and quantitation date: 2007-09-02 words: 7680 flesch: 55 summary: Host cells are grown in confluent healthy monolayers, usually in tubes or 96-well tissue culture grade plastic plates, to which aliquots of virus dilutions are added. If the inoculation of virus dilution was 0.1 ml the titer of the virus suspension would therefore be: 106.3 TCIDso 0.1 ml-= 10 x 108.3 TCID ml-= 107.3 TCIDso ml-1 Spearman K#rber method (Spearman, 1908; K~.rber, 1931) keywords: assay; cells; cpe; culture; dilution; et al; hierholzer; isolation; lennette et; medium; suspension; tests; virus; viruses cache: cord-023678-9q68ftr9.txt plain text: cord-023678-9q68ftr9.txt item: #319 of 1203 id: cord-023705-3q9yr6np author: FENNER, FRANK title: Viral Replication date: 2014-06-27 words: 8336 flesch: 48 summary: The eclipse period ranges from 5 to 15 hours for the various DNA viruses and from 3 to 10 hours for RNA viruses (see Table 4 -2). 4 -3 (for DNA viruses) and Fig. 4 -5 (for RNA viruses). keywords: cell; dna; fig; genome; membrane; mrna; polymerase; proteins; replication; rna; sense; synthesis; transcription; virion; viruses cache: cord-023705-3q9yr6np.txt plain text: cord-023705-3q9yr6np.txt item: #320 of 1203 id: cord-023721-e0zp2gux author: Meissner, H. Cody title: Bronchiolitis date: 2013-02-10 words: 5112 flesch: 27 summary: Reassessment of the indications for ribavirin therapy in respiratory syncytial virus infections Aerosolized ribavirin treatment of infants with respiratory syncytial viral infection: a randomized doubleblind study Ribavirin aerosol treatment of bronchiolitis associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines Neuraminidase inhibitors for treatment of influenza A and B infections Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental human influenza infection: randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment Clinical efficacy and safety of the orally inhaled neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza: a randomized, doubleblind, placebocontrolled European study Zanamivir for treatment of symptomatic influenza A and B infection in children five to twelve years of age: a randomized controlled trial Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants and young children Controlled trial to evaluate protection of high risk infants against RSV by using standard intravenous immune globulin Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoglobulin therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infection Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin treatment of RSV lower respiratory tract infection in previously healthy children Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in tracheal aspirates in intubated infants by the use of humanized monoclonal antibody to RSV F protein A randomized controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles Serum vitamin A levels in respiratory syncytial virus infection Vitamin A and respiratory syncytial virus infection The relationship of childhood respiratory illness to adult obstructive airway disease Pulmonary function changes in children after respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy The relationship of RSVspecific immunoglobulin E antibody responses in infancy, recurrent wheezing, and pulmonary function at age 7-8 years Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years Evaluation of combined live, attenuated RSV and parainfluenza 3 virus vaccines in infants and young children 38 Diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis The burden of RSV infection in young children Bronchiolitis associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1966 The epidemiology of acute respiratory tract infection in young children: comparison of findings from developing countries Epidemiologic patterns of acute lower respiratory disease of children in a pediatric group practice A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease Incidence and etiology of pneumonia, croup and bronchiolitis in preschool children belonging to a prepaid medical care group over a fouryear period Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection in Washington, DC. keywords: bronchiolitis; children; disease; hospitalization; infants; infection; risk; rsv; season; syncytial; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-023721-e0zp2gux.txt plain text: cord-023721-e0zp2gux.txt item: #321 of 1203 id: cord-023724-5at0rhqk author: Cann, Alan J. title: Infection date: 2015-07-24 words: 14985 flesch: 44 summary: The former strategy relies on two approaches: public and personal hygiene, which perhaps plays the major role in preventing virus infection (e.g., provision of clean drinking water and disposal of sewage; good medical practice such as the sterilization of surgical instruments) and vaccination, which makes use of the immune system to combat virus infections. A common misconception is that virus infection inevitably results in disease. keywords: cell; dna; expression; gene; host; ifn; ifns; infection; mechanisms; plant; proteins; replication; resistance; response; result; rna; system; vaccines; virus; virus infection; virus replication; viruses cache: cord-023724-5at0rhqk.txt plain text: cord-023724-5at0rhqk.txt item: #322 of 1203 id: cord-023726-2fduzqyb author: STRAUSS, JAMES H. title: The Structure of Viruses date: 2012-07-27 words: 10619 flesch: 54 summary: The two families of enveloped DNA viruses that we consider here, the poxviruses and the herpesviruses, contain large genomes and complicated virus structures. The structure of most enveloped viruses is not as rigorously constrained as that of icosahedral virus particles. keywords: assembly; budding; cell; enveloped; fig; form; glycoproteins; membrane; nucleocapsid; protein; rna; structure; symmetry; virion; viruses cache: cord-023726-2fduzqyb.txt plain text: cord-023726-2fduzqyb.txt item: #323 of 1203 id: cord-023731-jqgervt7 author: FENNER, FRANK title: Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Diseases date: 2014-06-27 words: 6996 flesch: 37 summary: On the other hand, recovery of an enterovirus from the feces, or a herpesvirus from a nasal or throat swab may not necessarily be significant, because such viruses are often associated with inapparent infections at these sites. These pro cedures (see Plate 13-5) are most useful in the rapid identification of cell culture virus isolates, as well as directly on specimens (see below). keywords: animal; antibody; antigen; cell; cultures; diagnosis; infections; isolation; laboratory; procedures; species; specific; virus; viruses cache: cord-023731-jqgervt7.txt plain text: cord-023731-jqgervt7.txt item: #324 of 1203 id: cord-023740-g84fa45m author: Oldstone, Michael B.A. title: Mimicry by Virus of Host Molecules: Implications for Autoimmune Disease date: 2014-06-27 words: 2501 flesch: 36 summary: In this instance, antibodies induced against proteins of the infecting virus, but cross-reactive with host proteins such as cytoskeletal or other self-proteins released into fluids during normal cell turnover or enhanced turnover and lysis occurring during virus infection, form complexes with antigen in the circulation. mones, lymphocyte subsets, or cells of the nervous system, etc., can develop as a consequence of virus infection, with all the inherent potential for participating in disease. keywords: cross; disease; host; mimicry; proteins; virus cache: cord-023740-g84fa45m.txt plain text: cord-023740-g84fa45m.txt item: #325 of 1203 id: cord-023831-93xqrblk author: Rosenberg, Helene F. title: Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM): Exploring Novel Therapeutic Options In a Severe Respiratory Disease Model date: 2010-03-30 words: 3602 flesch: 28 summary: We became interested in PVM in order to pursue studies of inflammatory responses to respiratory virus infections in a natural, evolutionarily relevant host. As noted above, respiratory virus infection is also a growing problem in the aging population [34] . keywords: human; infection; mice; pneumonia; pvm; response; strain; virus cache: cord-023831-93xqrblk.txt plain text: cord-023831-93xqrblk.txt item: #326 of 1203 id: cord-023925-qrr7jcwe author: Verhoef, Jan title: A8 Immune response in human pathology: Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites date: 2011-07-12 words: 5501 flesch: 40 summary: Innate immune cells recognise microbes by tolllike receptors (TLR) (see section Pathogenesis of shock), giving rise to the above production of cytokines in the early phase of the response. In particular, the release of TNF-α and interleukin-1 (il-1) after the activation of host cells by endotoxin induces haemodynamic shock. keywords: bacteria; cells; defence; disease; gram; hiv; infections; macrophages; micro; organisms; response; virus; viruses cache: cord-023925-qrr7jcwe.txt plain text: cord-023925-qrr7jcwe.txt item: #327 of 1203 id: cord-024188-d7tnku8z author: Nissen, Michael D. title: Respiratory Infections date: 2010-03-27 words: 5270 flesch: 37 summary: Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory virus infections requires specimens containing cells from the respiratory tract collected early in the clinical illness. Limited data is available suggesting that flocked swabs are superior to traditional swabs for detecting respiratory virus infections. keywords: cause; children; disease; human; infection; influenza; patients; pcr; pneumonia; rsv; tract; viruses cache: cord-024188-d7tnku8z.txt plain text: cord-024188-d7tnku8z.txt item: #328 of 1203 id: cord-025181-eg108wcd author: Zheng, Zhihang title: Establishment of Murine Infection Models with Biological Clones of Dengue Viruses Derived from a Single Clinical Viral Isolate date: 2020-05-25 words: 5990 flesch: 50 summary: Our research here provides two kinds of dengue virus infection mouse models, which reproduce both severe and self-limited manifestations of human diseases, expanding the current choice of dengue viral infection small animal models. As type I/II interferon deficient mice are more susceptible to dengue virus infection, we determined the in vivo infectivity of these two viruses in type I and type II IFN receptors double knock-out AG6 mice. keywords: cells; dengue; denv-2; ifn; infection; mice; pfu; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-025181-eg108wcd.txt plain text: cord-025181-eg108wcd.txt item: #329 of 1203 id: cord-025704-icedihm2 author: Pawestri, Hana A. title: Genetic and antigenic characterization of influenza A/H5N1 viruses isolated from patients in Indonesia, 2008–2015 date: 2020-06-01 words: 6557 flesch: 38 summary: In summary, we performed genetic and antigenic analyses of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans between 2008 and 2015. Pedoman Pengambilan dan Pengiriman Spesimen Yang Berhubungan Dengan Flu Burung CDC realtime RTPCR (rRTPCR) protocol for detection and characterization of Swine Influenza (version Antigenic variation in H5N1 clade 2.1 viruses in Indonesia from Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses Identification, characterization, and natural selection of mutations driving airborne transmission of A/H5N1 virus Genome analysis linking recent European and African influenza (H5N1) viruses Genetic diversity and host adaptation of avian H5N1 influenza viruses during human infection BioEdit: an important software for molecular biology RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees Using RAxML to infer phylogenies Continued evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1): updated nomenclature World Health Organization/World Organisation for Animal HF, Agriculture Organization HEWG. keywords: antigenic; avian; h5n1; hpai; human; indonesia; influenza; isolates; poultry; protein; receptor; substitutions; virulence; viruses cache: cord-025704-icedihm2.txt plain text: cord-025704-icedihm2.txt item: #330 of 1203 id: cord-025995-nxeg03xj author: Gerba, Charles P. title: Pathogen Removal from Wastewater during Groundwater Recharge date: 2013-11-17 words: 10535 flesch: 51 summary: Soils differ considerably in their textural, chemical, and mineralogical prop erties and hundreds of soil types have been classified in this country Additional studies are needed on the relative re moval of bacteria and viruses by soil types. keywords: adsorption; bacteria; effluent; enteric; groundwater; inactivation; percent; poliovirus; recharge; removal; sewage; soil; studies; survival; type; virus; viruses; wastewater cache: cord-025995-nxeg03xj.txt plain text: cord-025995-nxeg03xj.txt item: #331 of 1203 id: cord-026130-ki7bn67o author: Sharma, Anand Kumar title: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) date: 2020-06-05 words: 5082 flesch: 56 summary: The release of new viruses from the host cell is the final step of the virus infection cycle. The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), which is responsible for the classification and nomenclature of the family Coronaviridae, has assessed this virus as bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Viruses (SARS-CoVs) and designated it as SARS-CoV-2 [1-3]. keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; people; sars; spread; symptoms; virus; viruses cache: cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt plain text: cord-026130-ki7bn67o.txt item: #332 of 1203 id: cord-026340-2nf97zvc author: Singh, Ranjana title: Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario date: 2020-06-07 words: 7557 flesch: 47 summary: Does CQ have anti-viral effects? This botanical has reported that anti-viral effect may aid to reduce the dose of CQ for prophylactic or therapeutic regimen. keywords: acid; activity; cell; chloroquine; coronavirus; cov2; covid-19; et al; hcq; host; infection; protein; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt plain text: cord-026340-2nf97zvc.txt item: #333 of 1203 id: cord-026641-eemp6b5j author: Kabiljo, Julijan title: From threat to cure: understanding of virus-induced cell death leads to highly immunogenic oncolytic influenza viruses date: 2020-06-11 words: 6705 flesch: 28 summary: A virus replication in vitro through induction of toll-like receptor 3 dependent apoptosis Regulated necrosis: the expanding network of non-apoptotic cell death pathways Radiotherapy as a backbone for novel concepts in cancer immunotherapy Intratumoral activation of the necroptotic pathway components RIPK1 and RIPK3 potentiates antitumor immunity ZBP1/DAI is an innate sensor of influenza virus triggering the NLRP3 inflammasome and programmed cell death pathways Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP2 protects against pulmonary tissue necrosis during influenza virus infection to promote host survival Pathology of natural infections by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in mute (Cygnus olor) and whooper (Cygnus cygnus) swans Genomic analysis of increased host immune and cell death responses induced by 1918 influenza virus Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus delays apoptotic responses via activation of STAT3 H5N1 influenza virus-induced mediators upregulate RIG-I in uninfected cells by paracrine effects contributing to amplified cytokine cascades H5N1 virus activates signaling pathways in human endothelial cells resulting in a specific imbalanced inflammatory response Pandemic H1N1 influenza A viruses suppress immunogenic RIPK3-driven dendritic cell death The NS1 protein of influenza Influenza virus is an enveloped, negative-strand RNA virus with no reverse transcriptase or DNA integration activity 28 . keywords: activation; apoptosis; cancer; cell; death; immunogenic; infection; influenza; ns1; oncolytic; protein; rna; tumor; virus; viruses cache: cord-026641-eemp6b5j.txt plain text: cord-026641-eemp6b5j.txt item: #334 of 1203 id: cord-027473-8zerjwa0 author: Roos, Yrjö H. title: Water and Pathogenic Viruses Inactivation—Food Engineering Perspectives date: 2020-06-20 words: 9810 flesch: 42 summary: It appears that temperature-dependence of virus inactivation is less affected by virus strains than differences in temperature and RH sensitivity of individual virus species. At high relative humidity, surface alteration of the virion has been reported, whereas at low relative humidity, virus inactivation appears to be mediated by the removal of structural water molecules. keywords: data; enteric; food; inactivation; infectivity; stability; surfaces; temperature; virions; viruses; water cache: cord-027473-8zerjwa0.txt plain text: cord-027473-8zerjwa0.txt item: #335 of 1203 id: cord-027550-yyqsatqw author: Mammas, Ioannis N. title: Update on current views and advances on RSV infection (Review) date: 2020-06-15 words: 7972 flesch: 21 summary: There are several methods for the purification, quantification and Being able to compare severity over time and/or across cohorts is useful in hospital-based QI programmes but also in multi-centre networks, such as PEdSIdEA Understanding the real-world disease burden caused by RSV will facilitate the study of the effectiveness of antivirals and vaccines, once they become available Recent epidemiological data indicate that RSV infection is an important illness in elderly and high-risk adults, with a disease burden similar to that of non-pandemic influenza RSV and immune response Maternal RSV-specific antibodies transmitted transplacentally during the third trimester of pregnancy are related to RSV disease severity in young infants RSV and miRNAs A greater understanding of miRNAs may enable them to be used as biomarkers of severe RSV infection and as novel targets for treatment or prophylaxis of RSV infection RSV and thrombocytosis Thrombocytosis in RSV-positive bronchiolitis does not require routine prophylactic anti-platelet treatment or further investigations RSV and asthma There is compelling evidence that severe respiratory infection induced by RSV is associated with subsequent development of asthma later in childhood Further understanding of the role of RSV in asthma pathogenesis will enable our understanding of the impact of future vaccines against RSV in asthma prevention RSV as a cause of PIBO There are only few reports in the literature of children with PIBO secondary to RSV as a single infection Further research is required in order to investigate the potential impact of RSV co-infection in the severity and worse outcome in children with PIBO Imaging of RSV infection Although imaging cannot diagnose RSV infection, it is important to identify the possible pattern of viral disease, in order to avoid unnecessary administration of antibiotic therapy and predict possible late effects Standard radiological techniques, including cT, are unable to distinguish between acute bronchiolitis caused by RSV versus that caused by other respiratory viruses HRcT of the lungs may be required to assess possible bronchial thickening and remodeling, the development of bronchiectasis and air-trapping Antivirals against RSV Ribavirin is currently the only licensed antiviral medication used to treat RSV infection; it has very limited efficacy and multiple toxicities, which means its use is usually reserved for severely immunocompromised children due to ethical and technical constraints human challenge models are only undertaken in adults, but if a product is shown to be efficacious in this setting it allows a faster move to trials in children than traditional trials which often take much longer to do A greater understanding of individual data in newly developed pharmaceutical agents against RSV will potentially lead to future personalized treatment regimens RSV and PIcU HFNc might have a role as a rescue therapy for children with RSV-positive bronchiolitis admitted to PIcU to reduce their requirement for high-cost intensive care Heliox could be useful in addition to standard medical care in the management of children with RSV-positive bronchiolitis admitted to PIcU characterization of miRNA expression profiles in biofluids, whole blood samples and tissue samples obtained in in vivo studies (55) . key: cord-027550-yyqsatqw authors: Mammas, Ioannis N.; Drysdale, Simon B.; Rath, Barbara; Theodoridou, Maria; Papaioannou, Georgia; Papatheodoropoulou, Alexia; koutsounaki, Eirini; Koutsaftiki, Chryssie; Kozanidou, Eleftheria; Achtsidis, Vassilis; Korovessi, Paraskevi; Chrousos, George P.; Spandidos, Demetrios A. title: Update on current views and advances on RSV infection (Review) date: 2020-06-15 journal: Int J Mol Med DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4641 sha: doc_id: 27550 cord_uid: yyqsatqw Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents an excellent paradigm of precision medicine in modern paediatrics and several clinical trials are currently performed in the prevention and management of RSV infection. keywords: acute; asthma; bronchiolitis; care; children; development; disease; infants; infection; influenza; prevention; risk; rsv; severity; thrombocytosis; vaccines; virus; wheezing cache: cord-027550-yyqsatqw.txt plain text: cord-027550-yyqsatqw.txt item: #336 of 1203 id: cord-027654-k0uby99n author: Nabel, Gary J. title: The development of gene-based vectors for immunization date: 2020-06-22 words: 6555 flesch: 27 summary: The AIDS Vaccine Clinical Trials Network Potential improvement for poxvirus-based immunizations vehicles Multienvelope HIV vaccine safety and immunogenicity in small animals and chimpanzees Containment of simian immunodefi ciency virus infection in vaccinated macaques: correlation with the magnitude of virus-specifi c pre-and postchallenge CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses Largescale production and purifi cation of a vaccinia recombinant-derived HIV-1 gp160 and analysis of its immunogenicity Removal of cryptic poxvirus transcription termination signals from the human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 envelope gene enhances expression and immunogenicity of a recombinant vaccinia virus Recombinant virus vaccine-induced SIV-specifi c CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes Immunization with a modifi ed vaccinia virus expressing simian immunodefi ciency virus (SIV) Gag-Pol primes for an anamnestic Gag-specifi c cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response and is associated with reduction of viremia after SIV challenge Reduction of simian-human immunodefi ciency virus 89.6P viremia in rhesus monkeys by recombinant modifi ed vaccinia virus Ankara vaccination Enhanced simian immunodefi ciency virusspecifi c immune responses in macaques induced by priming with recombinant Semliki Forest virus and boosting with modifi ed vaccinia virus Ankara Effect of vaccination with recombinant modifi ed vaccinia virus Ankara expressing structural and regulatory genes of SIV(macJ5) on the kinetics of SIV replication in cynomolgus monkeys Induction of simian immunodefi ciency virus (SIV)-specifi c CTL in rhesus macaques by vaccination with modifi ed vaccinia virus Ankara expressing SIV transgenes: infl uence of preexisting anti-vector immunity Comparison of vaccine strategies using recombinant env-gag-pol MVA with or without an oligomeric Env protein boost in the SHIV rhesus macaque model Immunogenicity and protective effi cacy of a human immunodefi ciency virus type 2 recombinant canarypox (ALVAC) vaccine candidate in cynomolgus monkeys Mature dendritic cells infected with canarypox virus elicit strong anti-human immunodefi ciency virus CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses from chronically infected individuals Potentiation of simian immunodefi ciency virus (SIV)-specifi c CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses by a DNA-SIV and NYVAC-SIV prime/boost regimen Cross-protection against mucosal simian immunodefi ciency virus (SIVsm) challenge in human immunodefi ciency virus type 2-vaccinated cynomolgus monkeys Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by recombinant canarypox (ALVAC) and attenuated vaccinia (NYVAC) viruses expressing the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein Memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-negative volunteers immunized with a recombinant canarypox expressing gp 160 of HIV-1 and boosted with a recombinant gp160 Clade B-based HIV-1 vaccines elicit cross-clade cytotoxic T lymphocyte reactivities in uninfected volunteers Induction of neutralizing antibodies and gag-specifi c cellular immune responses to an R5 primary isolate of human immunodefi ciency virus type 1 in rhesus macaques ALVAC-SIVgag-pol-env-based vaccination and macaque major histocompatibility complex class I (A*01) delay simian immunodefi ciency virus SIVmacinduced immunodefi ciency AAV vectors: is clinical success on the horizon? Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vectors expressing HIV-1 proteins: vector design strategies for improved vaccine effi cacy Vaccination of macaques against pathogenic simian immunodefi ciency virus with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles Sindbis virus vectors for expression in animal cells Evaluation of recombinant alphaviruses as vectors in gene therapy Replication-defective viruses as vaccines and vaccine vectors An effective AIDS vaccine based on live attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus recombinants West Nile virus/dengue type 4 virus chimeras that are reduced in neurovirulence and peripheral virulence without loss of immunogenicity or protective effi cacy Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses Priming with plasmid DNAs expressing interleukin-12 and simian immunodefi ciency virus gag enhances the immunogenicity and effi cacy of an experimental AIDS vaccine based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus A single-cycle vaccine vector based on vesicular stomatitis virus can induce immune responses comparable to those generated by a replication-competent vector A live, attenuated recombinant West Nile virus vaccine A single intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirusvectored vaccine protects guinea pigs against a lethal-dose Ebola virus challenge Vaccine cell substrates Cell line issues: historical and future perspectives Points to Consider in the Characterization of Cell Lines Used to Produce Biologicals. In contrast, the gene-based delivery of vaccine vectors can stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity, thus providing greater selective pressure on infectious agents in vaccines. keywords: adenovirus; cell; development; dna; gene; human; immunity; immunodefi; immunogenicity; recombinant; responses; vaccine; vaccinia; vectors; virus cache: cord-027654-k0uby99n.txt plain text: cord-027654-k0uby99n.txt item: #337 of 1203 id: cord-027752-xcpv9k22 author: Bresalier, Michael title: Uses of a Pandemic: Forging the Identities of Influenza and Virus Research in Interwar Britain date: 2011-12-15 words: 10133 flesch: 52 summary: He argued that those who viewed influenza virus as a microorganism had no direct method for distinguishing it from protein particles. It shows that the organisation of medical virus research was inextricably linked to the pandemic before the actual discovery of flu virus in 1933. keywords: disease; distemper; epidemic; filter; filterable; influenza; medical; mrc; new; pandemic; pathology; research; virus; virus research; viruses; war; work cache: cord-027752-xcpv9k22.txt plain text: cord-027752-xcpv9k22.txt item: #338 of 1203 id: cord-029419-b0w9nomq author: Matthews, Adam title: Review of Mark Honigsbaum (2020). The Pandemic Century—A History of Global Contagion from the Spanish Flu to Covid-19: Cambridge, MA: Penguin. 321 pp. ISBN 9780753558287 date: 2020-07-20 words: 3959 flesch: 50 summary: Epidemiologists set out on asking who, where, when, how and what, to understand the biological make-up of new diseases. The questions then, which The Pandemic Century (Honigsbaum 2020) illustrates is whether to take a posthuman perspective and pull back from technological and human development and reduce ecological disruption and work with the natural environment as equals or to push on unabated with technological developments to go beyond what has been done already to 'fix' ourselves and the planet, including new viral outbreaks. keywords: century; covid-19; disease; honigsbaum; media; new; outbreak; pandemic; sars; virus cache: cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt plain text: cord-029419-b0w9nomq.txt item: #339 of 1203 id: cord-030028-s6sxi8uj author: Rubio, Luis title: Detection of Plant Viruses and Disease Management: Relevance of Genetic Diversity and Evolution date: 2020-07-17 words: 14694 flesch: 22 summary: IF acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centers of Excellence in R&D 2016-2019 (SEV-2015-0533). Detection and quantitation of two cucurbit criniviruses in mixed infection by real-time RT-PCR Mutations associated with resistancebreaking isolates of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus and their allelic discrimination using TaqMan technology Advances in plant virus evolution: translating evolutionary insights into better disease management Codon usage bias amongst plant viruses Virus adaptation by manipulation of host's gene expression Ecogenomic survey of plant viruses infecting tobacco by next generation sequencing Simultaneous detection and identification of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates by multiplex one-step RT-PCR Genetic bottlenecks during systemic movement of Cucumber mosaic virus vary in different host plants Analysis of genetic bottlenecks during horizontal transmission of Cucumber mosaic virus Multiplex RT-PCR detection of three common viruses infecting orchids Rapid generation of genetic heterogeneity in progenies from individual cDNA clones of peach latent mosaic viroid in its natural host Emerging infectious diseases of plants: pathogen pollution, climate change and agrotechnology drivers Control methods of virus diseases in the Mediterranean basin Simultaneous detection of six RNA plant viruses affecting tomato crops using a single digoxigenin-labelled polyprobe Development of a molecular assay for the detection of Cucumber mosaic virus and the discrimination of its subgroups I and II Detection of five seedborne legume viruses in one sensitive multiplex polymerase chain reaction test Single-step multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous and colourimetric detection of six RNA viruses in olive trees Real-time RT-PCR high-resolution melting curve analysis and multiplex RT-PCR to detect and differentiate grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 variant groups I, II, III and VI Estimation of the effective number of founders that initiate an infection after aphid transmission of a multipartite plant virus Localizing viruses in their insect vectors Third generation sequencing: technology and its potential impact on evolutionary biodiversity research Microarrays for rapid identification of plant viruses Methods in virus diagnostics: from ELISA to next generation sequencing Real time portable genome sequencing for global food security Epidemiology and control of tomato mosaic virus Nanopore sequencing as a surveillance tool for plant pathogens in plant and insect tissues Multiple virus resistance at a high frequency using a single transgene construct DNA microarray: parallel detection of potato viruses Design, synthesis, and functional analysis of highly specific artificial small RNAs with antiviral activity in plants Fast-forward generation of effective artificial small RNAs for enhanced antiviral defense in plants Multi-targeting of viral RNAs with synthetic trans-acting small interfering RNAs enhances plant antiviral resistance A real-time RT-PCR assay for quantifying the fitness of Tobacco etch virus in competition experiments Diagnosis of plant diseases using the Nanopore sequencing platform Development of broad virus resistance in non-transgenic cucumber using CRISPR/Cas9 technology Selection pressures in the capsid genes of plant RNA viruses reflect mode of transmission A phylogenetic survey of recombination frequency in plant RNA viruses Antibody array in a multiwell plate format for the sensitive and multiplexed detection of important plant pathogens Multiple virus resistance using artificial trans-acting siRNAs Next-generation diagnostics with CRISPR Characteristics of the microplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of plant viruses The promiscuous evolutionary history of the family Bromoviridae NGS of virus-derived small RNAs as a diagnostic method used to determine viromes of Hungarian vineyards Lethal mutagenesis of an RNA plant virus via lethal defection Contribution of uneven distribution of genomic RNA variants of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) within the plant to changes in the viral population following aphid transmission A multiplex reverse transcription PCR assay for simultaneous detection of five tobacco viruses in tobacco plants Induction of silencing in plants by high-pressure spraying of in vitro-synthesized small RNAs Recombination profiles between Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus in laboratory and field conditions: evolutionary and taxonomic implications Emergence and Phylodynamics of Citrus tristeza virus in Sicily, Italy Molecular detection of papaya meleira virus in the latex of carica papaya by RT-PCR Characterization of RNA-mediated resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus in transgenic tobacco plants Dominant resistance against plant viruses Detection, discrimination and absolute quantitation of Tomato spotted wilt virus isolates using real time RT-PCR with TaqMan ® MGB probes Transmission of Tomato spotted wilt virus isolates able and unable to overcome tomato or pepper resistance by its vector Frankliniella occidentalis Increase in Zucchini yellow mosaic virus symptom severity in tolerant zucchini cultivars is related to a point mutation in P3 protein and is associated with a loss of relative fitness on susceptible plants Differentiation of Cucumber mosaic virus isolates by hybridization to Rubio et al. genome move systemically and protect cucurbits against ZYMV Entomopathogenic viruses and bacteria for insect-pest control, in Integrated Pest Management: Current concepts and ecological perspective Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations Plant virology and next generation sequencing: experiences with a potyvirus Screening for plant viruses by next generation sequencing using a modified double strand RNA extraction protocol with an internal amplification control Polycistronic artificial miRNA-mediated resistance to Wheat dwarf virus in barley is highly efficient at low temperature Current trends in diagnostics of viral infections of unknown etiology Lateral flow assays Population structure and genetic diversity within California Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses Complete viral genome sequence and discovery of novel viruses by deep sequencing of small RNAs: a generic method for diagnosis, discovery and sequencing of viruses MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms Multiple artificial microRNAs targeting conserved motifs of the replicase gene confer robust transgenic resistance to negative-sense singlestranded RNA plant virus Tempo and mode of plant RNA virus escape from RNA interferencemediated resistance Improving the effectiveness of artificial microRNA (amiR)-mediated resistance against Turnip mosaic virus by combining two amiRs or by targeting highly conserved viral genomic regions Viruses of cucurbit crops in the Mediterranean region: an ever-changing picture Phylogenetic and recombination analysis of tomato spotted wilt virus Simultaneous detection of three lilyinfecting viruses using a multiplex Luminex bead array Genetic diversity and biological variation among California isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus Molecular evolution of a viral non-coding sequence under the selective Virus Variability: Diagnosis and Control pressure of amiRNA-mediated silencing Development of a one-step immunocapture real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assay for the broad spectrum detection of Pepino mosaic virus Effectiveness of chemo-and thermotherapeutic treatments on Pepino mosaic virus in tomato seed MicroRNA-mediated gene silencing in plant defense and viral counter-defense Development of real-time and conventional RT-PCR assays for the detection of potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) keywords: analysis; citrus; control; detection; disease; dna; et al; hybridization; isolates; mosaic; multiplex; new; nucleotide; pcr; plant; plant viruses; primers; probes; recombination; resistance; rna; sequence; sequencing; species; techniques; time; tomato; variants; virus; viruses cache: cord-030028-s6sxi8uj.txt plain text: cord-030028-s6sxi8uj.txt item: #340 of 1203 id: cord-030279-pv770doe author: Novossiolova, Tatyana title: Twenty-first Century Governance Challenges in the Life Sciences date: 2016-11-29 words: 15223 flesch: 33 summary: In the aftermath of 9/11 and the 'Anthrax letters' attack of October 2001, substantial effort has been given to harnessing life science research for the purposes of national security. 31 University-industry partnerships, while not a novel phenomenon in the area of biotechnology, have considerably intensified over the past several decades, thus facilitating the widespread commercialisation of life science research. keywords: biology; biotechnology; case; concerns; development; governance; government; health; human; industry; innovation; laboratory; life; life science; new; novel; potential; public; research; risk; science; science research; scientists; security; synthetic; systems; technologies; time; use; virus cache: cord-030279-pv770doe.txt plain text: cord-030279-pv770doe.txt item: #341 of 1203 id: cord-030961-5gzc7193 author: Wang, Jiajun title: Adhesive contact between cylindrical (Ebola) and spherical (SARS-CoV-2) viral particles and a cell membrane date: 2020-08-28 words: 4335 flesch: 50 summary: It is therefore important to develop an understanding of how virus particles infect our body's cells. understand the mechanics of initial virus adhesion to the cell. keywords: adhesion; bending; cell; contact; force; membrane; tension; virus cache: cord-030961-5gzc7193.txt plain text: cord-030961-5gzc7193.txt item: #342 of 1203 id: cord-031840-k9l91unc author: Lu, Li title: Forum: COVID-19 Dispatches date: 2020-09-11 words: 15690 flesch: 50 summary: Viruses are viruses are viruses. With the similar control of cases less than 20,000, Japan and South Korea remain at the heart of this imagined safe zone in company with China even though the reality has seen even fewer confirmed cases in other parts of Asia as well as the recent resurgence of virus spreading in all these three countries. keywords: china; chinese; coronavirus; countries; covid-19; crisis; earth; east; health; history; humans; india; japan; korea; life; media; national; new; normal; pandemic; people; public; south; state; time; viruses; world cache: cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt plain text: cord-031840-k9l91unc.txt item: #343 of 1203 id: cord-035015-slgywe0c author: Nunn, Alistair V. W. title: SARS-CoV-2 and mitochondrial health: implications of lifestyle and ageing date: 2020-11-09 words: 14677 flesch: 27 summary: Critically, it modulates mitochondrial function, having diverse affects depending on the tissue; it can stimulate muscle mitochondrial function [241] , but may also enhance lipid storage and adipogenesis [242] . As the immune system itself is heavily reliant on mitochondrial function, then maintaining a healthy mitochondrial system may play a key role in resisting the virus, both directly, and indirectly by ensuring a good vaccine response. keywords: ace2; age; anti; cell; cov-2; covid-19; data; exercise; function; health; immune; inflammasome; inflammation; key; metabolic; mitochondrial; oxidative; patients; response; role; ros; sars; stress; system; virus cache: cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt plain text: cord-035015-slgywe0c.txt item: #344 of 1203 id: cord-035163-tqh5wv12 author: Ijaz, M. Khalid title: Combating SARS-CoV-2: leveraging microbicidal experiences with other emerging/re-emerging viruses date: 2020-09-08 words: 6848 flesch: 35 summary: Our hypothesis is that, when dealing with emerging enveloped viruses, knowledge of the susceptibility of one enveloped virus to microbicides which disrupt the lipid envelope should enable one to predict which microbicides should prove efficacious for other enveloped viruses, including emerging/re-emerging viruses. Microbicides satisfying these requirements can be regarded as effective against emerging/re-emerging viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; data; disease; environmental; et al; health; human; respiratory; review; sars; surfaces; survival; transmission; viruses cache: cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt plain text: cord-035163-tqh5wv12.txt item: #345 of 1203 id: cord-048368-wm4c7rk6 author: Evseenko, Vasily A title: Experimental infection of H5N1 HPAI in BALB/c mice date: 2007-07-27 words: 2888 flesch: 51 summary: It was shown that H5N1 HPAI viruses could have different pathogenicity for mice [7] . The analysis of non-structural protein 1 (NS1) which also could be contributed for high virulence of H5N1 viruses revealed deletion of 5 amino acids similar to those in H5N1 viruses of genotype Z which could be contributed to increased expression of TNF-α and IP-10 protein in primary human macrophages [18] . keywords: avian; duck; h5n1; hpai; influenza; mice; tuva/01/06; viruses cache: cord-048368-wm4c7rk6.txt plain text: cord-048368-wm4c7rk6.txt item: #346 of 1203 id: cord-048466-fj9l8che author: Bragstad, Karoline title: The evolution of human influenza A viruses from 1999 to 2006: A complete genome study date: 2008-03-07 words: 5362 flesch: 46 summary: Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics Recent changes among human influenza viruses Mild to moderate influenza activity in Europe and the detection of novel A(H1N2) and B viruses during the winter of 2001-02 Influenza AH1N2 viruses, United Kingdom, 2001-02 influenza season Molecular Evolution of Human Influenza A/H3N2 Virus in Asia adn Europe from An Influenza A (H3) Reassortant Was Epidemic in Australia and New Zealand in 2003 Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution The value of a database in surveillance and vaccine selection Egg fluids and cells of the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs can select different variants of influenza A (H3N2) viruses Natural Selection on the Influenza Virus Genome Human memory CTL response specific for influenza A virus is broad and multispecific Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase: Regions of the Protein Potentially Involved in Virus-Host Interactions CTL epitopes for influenza A including the H5N1 bird flu; genome-, pathogen-, and HLA-wide screening HLA-A1 and HLA-A3 T cell epitopes derived from influenza virus proteins predicted from peptide binding motifs Different length peptides bind to HLA-Aw68 similarly at their ends but bulge out in the middle Assessment of the extent of variation in influenza A virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes by using virus-specific CD8+ T-cell clones The HLA-B14 peptide binding site can accommodate peptides with different combinations of anchor residues The peptide binding motif of the disease associated HLA-DQ (alpha 1* 0501, beta 1* 0201) molecule HLA-B*0702 transgenic, H-2KbDb doubleknockout mice: phenotypical and functional characterization in response to influenza virus Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern Molecular basis of resistance of influenza A viruses to amantadine Human CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte memory to influenza A viruses of swine and avian species Identification of the peptide binding motif for HLA-B44, one of the most common HLA-B alleles in the Caucasian population Emergence of Influenza A H1N2 Reassortant Viruses in the Human Population during Intercontinental circulation of human influenza A(H1N2) reassortant viruses during the 2001-2002 influenza season Phylogenetic analysis of the entire genome of influenza A (H3N2) viruses from Japan: evidence for genetic reassortment of the six internal genes Wholegenome analysis of human influenza Until the recent release of over 1,800 complete influenza A genome sequences from the Influenza Genome Sequencing Project managed by US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [7, 8] The relative prevalence of influenza virus varies from season to season. keywords: analysis; antigenic; genes; h1n1; h3n2; human; influenza; season; site; viruses cache: cord-048466-fj9l8che.txt plain text: cord-048466-fj9l8che.txt item: #347 of 1203 id: cord-076082-4kpkhz0o author: Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk title: Evolutionary and Transmission Dynamics of Reassortant H5N1 Influenza Virus in Indonesia date: 2008-08-22 words: 6979 flesch: 40 summary: Analysis of clinical records (Table 1) found that the mean duration from onset to death in those fatal human cases caused by Indonesian reassortant H5N1 viruses is 9.1 days (standard deviation [SD] = 3.9; n = 23) and those caused by other Indonesian H5N1 viruses is 7.7 days (SD = 2.7; n = 10), and their means are not significantly different (student t-test, p.0.25, two-tails). Previous studies have shown that several H5N1 genotypes have emerged in Asia through reassortment between H5N1 viruses and other subtypes [14, 15] . keywords: avian; figure; group; growth; h5n1; human; indonesia; influenza; java; lineage; reassortant; table; viruses cache: cord-076082-4kpkhz0o.txt plain text: cord-076082-4kpkhz0o.txt item: #348 of 1203 id: cord-102383-m5ahicqb author: Romano, Alessandra title: Energy dynamics for systemic configurations of virus-host co-evolution date: 2020-05-15 words: 3778 flesch: 26 summary: Virus and host cell dynamics are strictly connected, and convey in virion assembly to ensure virus spread in the body. Virus and host cell dynamics are strictly connected, generating a complex dynamics that conveys in virion assembly to ensure virus spread in the body. keywords: cell; dynamics; energy; flows; host; interaction; stock; system; virus cache: cord-102383-m5ahicqb.txt plain text: cord-102383-m5ahicqb.txt item: #349 of 1203 id: cord-102704-wfuzk2dp author: Meza, Diana K. title: Predicting the presence and titer of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies from low-volume serum samples in low-containment facilities date: 2020-04-30 words: 3185 flesch: 26 summary: Fields Virology Rabies in New Mexico 464 cavern bats Serological investigation of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies in bats captured in 469 the eastern Brazilian Amazon One Health, emerging infectious diseases and 472 wildlife: two decades of progress? This was 321 unsurprising, since virus neutralization tests are biologically dynamic systems that can be influenced 322 by many factors (e.g. variability in the humidity of the incubator, technical manipulation, light 323 condition of the microscope, variability in GFP expression in the cells) keywords: antibodies; dilution; model; neutralization; pmrffit; rabies; serum; test; virus cache: cord-102704-wfuzk2dp.txt plain text: cord-102704-wfuzk2dp.txt item: #350 of 1203 id: cord-102862-oq54sfx6 author: Dastjerdi, Akbar M. title: Characterisation of the bovine enteric calici-like virus, Newbury agent 1 date: 2000-11-01 words: 3190 flesch: 49 summary: For each grid square, virus particles were counted in ¢ve ¢elds and a total of three or ¢ve grid squares were counted for each test sample. faecal samples, staining with pre-and postinoculation antisera and association with the presence of virus particles in CsCl gradients. keywords: bovine; calicivirus; capsid; enteric; na1; particles; protein; virus; viruses cache: cord-102862-oq54sfx6.txt plain text: cord-102862-oq54sfx6.txt item: #351 of 1203 id: cord-102898-eyyd7ent author: Rizvi, Vaseef A. title: Translation regulation of Japanese encephalitis virus revealed by ribosome profiling date: 2020-07-17 words: 3049 flesch: 36 summary: Together, our study sheds light on distinct mechanisms that modulate JEV translation with likely consequences for viral pathogenesis. However, these sites do not represent commonly associated Studies on RNA viruses have suggested adaptations in codon usage of viral genes to the host translation [30] . keywords: codon; jev; protein; region; ribosome; site; start; translation; trna; usage; virus cache: cord-102898-eyyd7ent.txt plain text: cord-102898-eyyd7ent.txt item: #352 of 1203 id: cord-102905-rlee32x7 author: Leis, Jonathan title: Ilaprazole and other novel prazole-based compounds that bind Tsg101 inhibit viral budding of HSV-1/2 and HIV from cells date: 2020-05-04 words: 5784 flesch: 41 summary: Additionally, we designed and synthesized novel prazole analogs that act in the nanomolar range to block virus release, a major step forward in creating a VBI that can be brought to the clinic. In HIV, ESCRT proteins are recruited to virus budding complexes through an interaction between the L-domain (PTAPP motifs) in virus structural proteins (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) with cellular protein Tsg101 (Tumor susceptibility gene 101), a homolog of the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and a member of the ESCRT-I complex (6, (8) (9) (10) (11) . keywords: budding; cells; compounds; escrt; ilaprazole; particles; prazole; protein; release; tenatoprazole; tsg101; virus cache: cord-102905-rlee32x7.txt plain text: cord-102905-rlee32x7.txt item: #353 of 1203 id: cord-102908-sr7j8z9c author: Mersmann, Sophia F. title: Learning to count: determining the stoichiometry of bio-molecular complexes using fluorescence microscopy and statistical modelling date: 2020-07-24 words: 5246 flesch: 35 summary: Figure 5A displays the mean number of bound antibody at increasing 9C12 concentrations; AdV-9C12 stoichiometries range from 29 to 115 across the titration of antibody. However, using stoichiometric estimates to calibrate fluorescent data revealed population heterogeneity with a small proportion of virus particles binding ∼200 antibody molecules. keywords: adv; antibody; binding; complexes; figure; molecules; particles; virus cache: cord-102908-sr7j8z9c.txt plain text: cord-102908-sr7j8z9c.txt item: #354 of 1203 id: cord-103135-nly9vojr author: Fletcher, Nicola F. title: A novel antiviral formulation inhibits a range of enveloped viruses date: 2020-03-30 words: 6474 flesch: 38 summary: We next determined whether topical application of ViroSAL can also suppress virus infection when virus was inoculated subcutaneously into a mosquito bite. We have identified a novel antiviral formulation that is of great interest for prevention and/or treatment of a broad range of enveloped viruses. keywords: acids; activity; cells; control; et al; infection; infectivity; minutes; mosquito; skin; virosal; virus; viruses cache: cord-103135-nly9vojr.txt plain text: cord-103135-nly9vojr.txt item: #355 of 1203 id: cord-103688-n7hzpbyf author: Wang, Lina title: VirusDIP: Virus Data Integration Platform date: 2020-06-09 words: 1287 flesch: 34 summary: To promote sharing of virus data, several virus databases and related analyzing tools have been created. Results To facilitate virus research and promote the global sharing of virus data, we present here VirusDIP, a one-stop service platform for archive, integration, access, analysis of virus data. keywords: analysis; data; virus cache: cord-103688-n7hzpbyf.txt plain text: cord-103688-n7hzpbyf.txt item: #356 of 1203 id: cord-104286-5yw4zwo4 author: Doane, F. W. title: Virus morphology as an aid for rapid diagnosis. date: 1980 words: 2207 flesch: 33 summary: The following brief review will examine some of the ways in which virus morphology can serve as an important aid for rapid virus diagnosis, some of the limitations of this approach, and current and future developments in electron microscopy relating to diagnostic virology. Undoubtedly the best type of clinical specimen for rapid virus diagnosis comes from vesicular eruptions associated with poxvirus or herpetic infections. keywords: electron; microscopy; specimen; virus cache: cord-104286-5yw4zwo4.txt plain text: cord-104286-5yw4zwo4.txt item: #357 of 1203 id: cord-104317-t30dg6oj author: Parker, Michael T. title: An Ecological Framework of the Human Virome Provides Classification of Current Knowledge and Identifies Areas of Forthcoming Discovery date: 2016-09-30 words: 7988 flesch: 34 summary: It is likely this was because human viruses rely on invasion of host cells to replicate and this provokes an overwhelmingly negative impression. This represents a veritable antithesis to the strategy of parasitic human viruses (see The Parasitic Virome, above), wherein viruses have prioritized trade-offs other than pathogenicity to ensure their transmission to a new host. keywords: cells; commensal; disease; evolution; health; host; human; human virome; infection; interactions; microbiome; mutualistic; pathogenic; phages; virome; viruses cache: cord-104317-t30dg6oj.txt plain text: cord-104317-t30dg6oj.txt item: #358 of 1203 id: cord-151024-qe7c2uks author: Koca, Caglar title: Molecular Communication Theoretical Modeling and Analysis of SARS-CoV2 Transmission in Human Respiratory System date: 2020-11-07 words: 5634 flesch: 48 summary: Note that, since bound ACE2 receptors downregulate, large N (y) only case cannot be modelled as a linear time invariant system. These results are especially important to understand the effect of SARS-CoV2 on the different human populations at different ages who have different mucus flow rates and ACE2 receptor concentrations in the different regions of the respiratory tract. keywords: ace2; binding; cov2; human; mucus; receptor; sars; system; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-151024-qe7c2uks.txt plain text: cord-151024-qe7c2uks.txt item: #359 of 1203 id: cord-161674-nk0wie0w author: Liu, Zhi title: Implications of the virus-encoded miRNA and host miRNA in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-04-10 words: 5144 flesch: 42 summary: In this study, we use computational approaches to scan the SARS-CoV-2 genome for putative miRNAs and predict the virus miRNA targets on virus and human genome as well as the host miRNAs targets on virus genome. For the genes hijacked by virus genome, the functional keywords were enriched in chemotaxis, cytokine, chemokine and immune for the entire four viruses studied ( Figure S1B ), and HCoV-NL63. keywords: cell; cov-2; figure; genes; genome; host; human; infection; mirna; pre; sars; virus cache: cord-161674-nk0wie0w.txt plain text: cord-161674-nk0wie0w.txt item: #360 of 1203 id: cord-171099-d0qr84xg author: Buehler, Markus J. title: Nanomechanical sonification of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus spike protein through a materiomusical approach date: 2020-03-30 words: 4514 flesch: 41 summary: Natur, acatec Ultrathin Free-Standing Bombyx mori Silk Nanofibril Membranes Deformation and failure of protein materials in physiologically extreme conditions and disease Silk-Its Mysteries, How It Is Made, and How It Is Used Materials by design: Merging proteins and music Materiomics: An -omics approach to biomaterials research Nature's hierarchical materials Predictive modelling-based design and experiments for synthesis and spinning of bioinspired silk fibres A series of PDB related databases for everyday needs Structure and stability of the lamin A tail domain and HGPS mutant Evaluating Hierarchical Structure in Music Annotations Sounds interesting: can sonification help us design new proteins? Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation A Self-Consistent Sonification Method to Translate Amino Acid Sequences into Musical Compositions and Application in Protein Design Using Artificial Intelligence Sonification based de novo protein design using artificial intelligence, structure prediction and analysis using molecular modeling E-MSD: an integrated data resource for bioinformatics Dictionary of protein secondary structure: Pattern recognition of hydrogen-bonded and geometrical features The anisotropic network model web server at 2015 (ANM 2.0) Presenting musical encoding in two versions - one in the amino-acid scale and one based on equal temperament tuning - the method allows for expressing protein structures in audible space, offering novel avenues to represent, analyze and design architectural features across length- and time-scales. keywords: amino; figure; music; protein; sound; spike; structure; vibrational; virus cache: cord-171099-d0qr84xg.txt plain text: cord-171099-d0qr84xg.txt item: #361 of 1203 id: cord-203232-1nnqx1g9 author: Canturk, Semih title: Machine-Learning Driven Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 date: 2020-06-25 words: 5028 flesch: 49 summary: Using the National Center for Biotechnology Information virus protein database and the DrugVirus database, which provides a comprehensive report of broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAAs) and viruses they inhibit, we trained ANN models with virus protein sequences as inputs and antiviral agents deemed safe-in-humans as outputs. This undermined our assumption that drug trials are hierarchical; though, in reality this is usually the case. keywords: acid; amino; antivirals; cov-2; database; dataset; drug; models; sars; sequences; virus cache: cord-203232-1nnqx1g9.txt plain text: cord-203232-1nnqx1g9.txt item: #362 of 1203 id: cord-212761-4bwatc2r author: Contoyiannis, Y. title: On the effectiveness of imposing restrictive measures in a graded Self-Organized Criticality epidemic spread model The case of COVID-19 date: 2020-04-01 words: 4323 flesch: 46 summary: For virus density values higher than the critical value, the epidemic duration becomes extremely prolonged. The study presented, highlights the critical value of virus density over a population. keywords: density; epidemic; model; population; value; virus cache: cord-212761-4bwatc2r.txt plain text: cord-212761-4bwatc2r.txt item: #363 of 1203 id: cord-214795-8jweuq50 author: Mongia, Aanchal title: DeepVir -- Graphical Deep Matrix Factorization for"In Silico"Antiviral Repositioning: Application to COVID-19 date: 2020-09-22 words: 6435 flesch: 41 summary: Similar behavior appears when using the genomic similarity (S1 v ) for viruses and varying the kind of drug similarity used (columns 1 and 4 of Table 5 ). Hence, the drug similarity matrix (of size 86 × 86) and virus similarity matrix (of size 23 × 23) are fixed and encode the metadata available. keywords: association; completion; disease; drug; factorization; graph; matrix; matrix completion; prediction; problem; similarity; viruses cache: cord-214795-8jweuq50.txt plain text: cord-214795-8jweuq50.txt item: #364 of 1203 id: cord-232446-vvb2ffhv author: Mongia, Aanchal title: A computational approach to aid clinicians in selecting anti-viral drugs for COVID-19 trials date: 2020-07-03 words: 7129 flesch: 43 summary: The drug-virus associations and the similarity information are assembled as three matrices: drug-virus association matrix (Y ), drug similarity matrix (S d ) and virus similarity matrix (S v ). We also demonstrate how the selected drugs change as the SARS-Cov-2 mutates over time, suggesting the importance of such a tool in drug prediction. keywords: association; completion; covid-19; database; drugs; graph; information; matrix; matrix completion; methods; prediction; similarity; techniques; virus; viruses cache: cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt plain text: cord-232446-vvb2ffhv.txt item: #365 of 1203 id: cord-245161-xbw72k4m author: Castano, Nicolas title: Fomite transmission and disinfection strategies for SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses date: 2020-05-23 words: 11563 flesch: 37 summary: 67 Plaque assays involve culturing cells that are susceptible to virus infection in a titration of the collected virus samples, monitoring the cytopathic effects, and counting plaque forming units (PFU). The long persistence of viruses (hours to days) on surfaces calls for an urgent need for surface disinfection strategies to intercept virus transmission and the spread of the disease. keywords: adsorption; contact; contamination; coronavirus; cov-2; disinfectant; disinfection; dose; effectiveness; fomites; inactivation; interactions; methods; model; particles; risk; sars; study; surfaces; transfer; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-245161-xbw72k4m.txt plain text: cord-245161-xbw72k4m.txt item: #366 of 1203 id: cord-252012-hdjbxah8 author: McErlean, Peter title: Viral diversity in asthma: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America: Asthma and Infectious Disease date: 2010-11-01 words: 5502 flesch: 32 summary: 252012 cord_uid: hdjbxah8 Asthma exacerbations are precipitated primarily by respiratory virus infection and frequently require immediate medical intervention. Nevertheless, the disparity in viral detection between the asthmatic and control groups may imply some mechanism of either persistence in asthmatics or an association with the long-term compliance of glucocorticoid therapy and inhibition of symptoms during respiratory virus infection. keywords: ari; asthma; bocavirus; children; exacerbations; hbov; infection; kipyv; studies; viruses; wupyv cache: cord-252012-hdjbxah8.txt plain text: cord-252012-hdjbxah8.txt item: #367 of 1203 id: cord-252048-ftbjsoup author: McKinley, Enid T. title: Attenuated live vaccine usage affects accurate measures of virus diversity and mutation rates in avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus date: 2011-04-22 words: 6386 flesch: 44 summary: To examine sequence changes not only in spike but also over the entire length of the genome, we sequenced the full-length genomes of 5 Mass type, 4 Conn type and 2 CAL type IBV field viruses that were isolated over a 41, 25 and 8 year period respectively. It has been shown that vaccine usage can result in faster evolutionary rates in IBV field viruses (Lee and Jackwood, 2001; Wang Fig. 4 . keywords: bronchitis; cal; conn; genome; ibv; mass; mutation; recombination; sequences; spike; type; viruses cache: cord-252048-ftbjsoup.txt plain text: cord-252048-ftbjsoup.txt item: #368 of 1203 id: cord-252147-bvtchcbt author: Domingo-Espín, Joan title: Engineered Biological Entities for Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy: Protein Nanoparticles date: 2011-11-15 words: 17227 flesch: 30 summary: The main biological production systems for protein drugs are described below. Finally, some successful examples of protein nanoparticles on the market will be described in addition to protein products currently in clinical trials and under preclinical research in order to envision which type of protein nanoparticles will be available soon on the market. keywords: binding; cancer; cell; complex; delivery; design; dna; drug; drug delivery; expression; gene; gene delivery; human; interactions; molecules; nanoparticles; nuclear; particles; peptides; production; properties; protein; receptor; self; specific; system; targeting; therapy; transfer; tumor; use; vector; virus; vivo; vlps cache: cord-252147-bvtchcbt.txt plain text: cord-252147-bvtchcbt.txt item: #369 of 1203 id: cord-252397-qlu7dilh author: Johnson, Reed F. title: Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease date: 2015-11-01 words: 5030 flesch: 42 summary: Day 4 or 5 was chosen based on our data from MERS-JOR inoculated rhesus monkeys which demonstrated a peak in lung disease at day 5 post-inoculation by CT (manuscript in preparation). Media only, and inactivated virus did not develop detectable neutralizing antibody responses to MERS-CoV. Qualitative assessment of the imaging data indicates that MERS-CoV inoculated marmosets developed lung disease that mainly affected the medial and caudal regions of the lung. keywords: cov; data; disease; emc; group; inoculated; inoculation; lung; marmosets; mers; subjects; virus cache: cord-252397-qlu7dilh.txt plain text: cord-252397-qlu7dilh.txt item: #370 of 1203 id: cord-252456-971d0sir author: Hemida, Maged Gomaa title: The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from a one health perspective date: 2020-03-16 words: 4830 flesch: 51 summary: Emerg Infect Dis Avian Influenza Virus Detection Rates in Poultry and Environment at Live Poultry Markets Effect of closure of live poultry markets on poultry-to-person transmission of avian influenza A H7N9 virus: an ecological study Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by Controversy around airborne versus droplet transmission of respiratory viruses: implication for infection prevention Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination Isolation and identification of human coronavirus 229E from frequently touched environmental surfaces of a university classroom that is cleaned daily Extensive Viable Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Meanwhile, the effect of temperature on the virus infectivity/survival has great impact on the control of this class of respiratory viruses. keywords: control; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; health; mers; novel; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-252456-971d0sir.txt plain text: cord-252456-971d0sir.txt item: #371 of 1203 id: cord-252466-usrpodjx author: Yun, Nadezhda E. title: Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever date: 2012-10-09 words: 5673 flesch: 36 summary: Selection of optimally effective plasma for treatment by passive immunization Detection of Lassa virus antinucleoprotein immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies by a simple recombinant immunoblot assay for field use Baculovirus expression of the glycoprotein gene of Lassa virus and characterization of the recombinant protein Identification of Lassa fever virus infection with recombinant nucleocapsid protein antigen Antibodies to Lassa virus Z protein and nucleoprotein co-occur in human sera from Lassa fever endemic regions Antigenic relatedness between arenaviruses defined at the epitope level by monoclonal antibodies Epitope mapping of the Lassa virus nucleoprotein using monoclonal anti-nucleocapsid antibodies Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against Lassa virus Early and strong immune responses are associated with control of viral replication and recovery in Lassa virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys Characterization of human CD4+ T-cell clones recognizing conserved and variable epitopes of the Lassa virus nucleoprotein Old and New World arenaviruses share a highly conserved epitope in the fusion domain of the glycoprotein 2, which is recognized by Lassa virusspecific human CD4+ T-cell clones Lassa virus lethality for inbred mice Biology and pathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection Pathogenesis of Lassa virus infection in guinea pigs Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. A study of 23 hospital cases An outbreak of Lassa fever on the Jos Plateau Surveillance of Lassa fever in missionaries stationed in West Africa Imported Lassa fever in Germany: molecular characterization of a new Lassa virus strain Circumstances and Consequences of Cross-Species Transmission; Childs Detection of Lassa virus Lassa Fever Fact Sheet Casecontrol study of Mastomys natalensis and humans in Lassa virus-infected households in Sierra Leone Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice No evidence for increased risk of Lassa fever infection in hospital staff Effect of environmental factors on aerosolinduced lassa virus infection Experimental studies of arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers Lassa virus isolation from Mastomys natalensis rodents during an epidemic in Sierra Leone Comparative pathology of Lassa virus infection in monkeys, guinea pigs, and Mastomys natalensis A case-control study of the clinical diagnosis and course of Lassa fever Pathologic and virologic study of fatal Lassa fever in man Acute sensorineural deafness in Lassa fever Clinical virology of Lassa fever in hospitalized patients Early diagnosis of Lassa fever by reverse transcription-PCR Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of Lassa virus infection T celldependence of Lassa fever pathogenesis The pathology of Lassa fever: A tribute to the late Dr Lassa virus hepatitis: a study of fatal Lassa fever in humans The pathology of human Lassa fever Hematologic dysfunction in Lassa fever Monitoring of clinical and laboratory data in two cases of imported Lassa fever Low levels of interleukin-8 and interferon-inducible protein-10 in serum are associated with fatal infections in acute Lassa fever Lassa and Mopeia virus replication in human monocytes/macrophages and in endothelial cells: Different effects on IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression Cutting edge: impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by Ebola and Lassa viruses Lassa virus infection of human dendritic cells and macrophages is productive but fails to activate cells Human dendritic cells infected with the nonpathogenic Mopeia virus induce stronger T-cell responses than those infected with Lassa virus Endemic Lassa fever in Liberia. keywords: animals; cells; disease; fever; human; infection; lassa; lasv; necrosis; patients; protein; replication; rna; virus cache: cord-252466-usrpodjx.txt plain text: cord-252466-usrpodjx.txt item: #372 of 1203 id: cord-252725-e3pazjdi author: Khalil, Ayman title: The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal date: 2020-10-15 words: 8801 flesch: 31 summary: Polydatin has numerous benefits which is widely reported including anti-inflammatory effect in chronic lung diseases, anti-oxidative, anti-platelet aggregative, anti-fibrosis, anti-cancer, benefits for neurological diseases and anxiolytic effects [207, 208] . Anti-asthmatic activity of luteolin was also reported in experimental mice [93] . keywords: acid; activities; activity; anti; antioxidant; compounds; covid-19; diseases; effects; fig; human; infection; inflammation; influenza; lung; respiratory; sars; virus; vitro cache: cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt plain text: cord-252725-e3pazjdi.txt item: #373 of 1203 id: cord-252769-fe50u028 author: Mendes, J. Pinto title: Infecção na modulaçâo da asma 1 1 Trabalho apresentado no XXIII Congresso de Pneumologia da SPP – Guarda, Novembro 2007 / Paper presented at the XXIII Congresso de Pneumologia da SPP / PSP Pulmonology Congress, Guarda, November 2007 date: 2008-10-31 words: 14004 flesch: 41 summary: A estimulação virusal pode originar uma interconversão das células plasmacitóides em mielóides, passando -se, em relação aos alergénios inalados, de um comportamento tolerogénico para o aumento da resposta, com perfil atópico 57 .Um importante handicap, sobretudo para as populações em risco de atopia e de asma. Como se explicaria, naquela base, o aumento paralelo da prevalência das doenças inflamatórias autoimunes, de expressão Th 1, e de asma e atopia 71 , ou o facto de as doen ças autoimunes terem elevada prevalência nos asmáticos 64 ? keywords: airway; allergy; anti; asma; asma e; asthma; asthmatic; atopia; cd14; cells; children; com; como; crianças; células; da asma; das; dos; e da; endotoxin; estudos; exposição; exposure; gene; hygiene; hypothesis; infection; infecção; infecções; inflammation; life; mais; mas; mendes; modulaçâo; nos; não; para; por; que; response; resposta; risk; role; rsv; ser; studies; uma; vida; virus; viruses; vsr cache: cord-252769-fe50u028.txt plain text: cord-252769-fe50u028.txt item: #374 of 1203 id: cord-252871-qfrpuy3t author: Nasir, Arshan title: Investigating the Concept and Origin of Viruses date: 2020-11-03 words: 5157 flesch: 39 summary: First, the subset of virus genes for which reliable homologs can be found is extremely small [48] . We propose a new definition of viruses that is not restricted to the presence or absence of any genetic or physical feature, detail a scenario for how viruses likely originated from ancient cells, and explain technical and conceptual biases that limit our understanding of virus evolution. keywords: cells; evolution; genes; genomes; origin; protein; rna; virion; viruses cache: cord-252871-qfrpuy3t.txt plain text: cord-252871-qfrpuy3t.txt item: #375 of 1203 id: cord-252974-pwx27kdi author: Fornek, Jamie L. title: Use of Functional Genomics to Understand Influenza–Host Interactions date: 2007-08-31 words: 6764 flesch: 33 summary: Aberrant innate immune response in lethal infection of macaques with the 1918 influenza virus A question of selfpreservation: Immunopathology in influenza virus infection Orthomyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication Distinct cellular responses differentiating alcohol-and hepatitis C virusinduced liver cirrhosis Immunization of non-human primates with DNA vaccines Retinoic acid-inducible gene I mediates early antiviral response and toll-like receptor 3 expression in respiratory syncytial virus-infected airway epithelial cells Analysis of the macaca mulatta transcriptome and the sequence divergence between macaca and human The primary function of RNA binding by the influenza A virus NS1 protein in infected cells: Inhibiting the 2 0 -5 0 oligo (A) synthetase/RNase L pathway Functional genomic analysis of herpes simplex virus type 1 counteraction of the host innate response Gene expression patterns in blood leukocytes discriminate patients with acute infections Origin and evolution of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus hemagglutinin gene Characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus neuraminidase gene Characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus matrix gene segment Novel origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus nucleoprotein gene The rhesus macaque genome sequence informs biomedical and evolutionary analyses Pathogenesis of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in a primate model Identification of novel tumor markers in hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatitis C virus and liver disease: Global transcriptional profiling and identification of potential markers Gene expression patterns that correlate with Hepatitis C and early progression to fibrosis in liver transplant recipients Leveraging human genomic information to identify nonhuman primate sequences for expression array development Scientific barriers to developing vaccines against avian influenza viruses Regulating intracellular antiviral aefense and permissiveness to hepatitis C virus RNA replication through a cellular RNA helicase, RIG-I Influenza virus hemagglutinin cleavage into HA1, HA2: No laughing matter Influenza: The mother of all pandemics Initial genetic characterization of the 1918 'Spanish' influenza virus Functional gene analysis of individual response to challenge of SIVmac239 in M. mulatta PBMC culture Characterization of the reconstructed 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic virus Pathogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus: Functional roles of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in limiting virus replication and mortality in mice A two-amino acid change in the hemagglutinin of the 1918 influenza virus abolishes transmission Virology in the 21st century: Finding function with functional genomics High-density rhesus macaque oligonucleotide microarray design using early-stage rhesus genome sequence information and human genome annotations Host-specific response to HCV infection in the chimeric SCID-beige/Alb-uPA mouse model: Role of the innate antiviral immune response Application of functional genomics to the chimeric mouse model of HCV infection: Optimization of microarray protocols and genomics analysis Identification of a specific gene expression pattern associated with HCV-induced pathogenesis in HCV-and HCV/HIV-infected individuals Avian Flu Facts www The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses Shared and unique functions of the DExD/H-box helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in antiviral innate immunity We thank Tracey Baas, Carole Baskin, Gary Geiss, John Kash, and our many other colleagues past and present that contributed to the studies discussed in this review. For centuries, influenza virus has plagued humankind. keywords: et al; expression; genes; genomics; host; infection; influenza; response; virus cache: cord-252974-pwx27kdi.txt plain text: cord-252974-pwx27kdi.txt item: #376 of 1203 id: cord-253143-73dsc6q3 author: Tang, Julian W. title: Emerging, Novel, and Known Influenza Virus Infections in Humans date: 2010-08-02 words: 5008 flesch: 38 summary: Perhaps most importantly, the occurrence of these subsequent pandemics gave rise to the concept that such pandemics could and would recur. Pandemic influenza viruses are thought to arise when there is frequent human contact with certain animal species that can be infected with their own specific influenza viruses and when these viruses develop the ability to jump the species barrier to infect humans. Epidemiologically, most deaths occur in infants and the elderly (>65 years old) during the annual influenza epidemics as a result of decreased immunity against influenza virus infection. keywords: cases; h1n1; h5n1; human; infection; influenza; pandemic; patients; virus; viruses cache: cord-253143-73dsc6q3.txt plain text: cord-253143-73dsc6q3.txt item: #377 of 1203 id: cord-253466-7gpije5d author: Netherton, Christopher title: A Guide to Viral Inclusions, Membrane Rearrangements, Factories, and Viroplasm Produced During Virus Replication date: 2007-08-31 words: 26447 flesch: 32 summary: Ultrastructural studies and sequential development of virus isolated from normal and tumor tissue Acidic C terminus of vaccinia virus DNAbinding protein interacts with ribonucleotide reductase Formation of DNA replication structures in herpes virus-infected cells requires a viral DNA binding protein Comparison of the intranuclear distributions of herpes simplex virus proteins involved in various viral functions Origin-independent plasmid replication occurs in vaccinia virus cytoplasmic factories and requires all five known poxvirus replication factors MHC I-dependent antigen presentation is inhibited by poliovirus protein 3A Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity Poliovirus 3A protein limits interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and beta interferon secretion during viral infection Inhibition of cellular protein secretion by poliovirus proteins 2B and 3A Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi traffic by poliovirus protein 3A: These initially appear close to the nuclear envelope, possibly at sites where the genome first enters the nucleus following capsid disassembly at nuclear pores (Everett and Murray, 2005) , and are then seen throughout the nucleus (Everett et al., 2004) . keywords: asfv; assembly; bodies; capsid; cells; complex; contain; cytoplasmic; dna; dna replication; early; electron; et al; expression; factories; factory; fever; formation; gene; genome; golgi; herpes; host; inclusions; infection; localization; membrane; nuclear; nucleus; poliovirus; polymerase; protein; replicase; replication; replication complex; rna; role; sites; structures; swine; type; vaccinia; vaccinia virus; vesicles; viral; virus; virus factories; virus replication; viruses cache: cord-253466-7gpije5d.txt plain text: cord-253466-7gpije5d.txt item: #378 of 1203 id: cord-253594-9gbo8viu author: Konieczny, Leszek title: The COVID-19 Puzzle date: 2020-05-31 words: 1366 flesch: 45 summary: The bacterial genome includes a repository of viral genetic sequences -effectively a catalogue of known viruses. Identifying links between alcohol use and the kinetics of viral infection remains a speculative endeavor. keywords: alcohol; bacteria; cells; virus cache: cord-253594-9gbo8viu.txt plain text: cord-253594-9gbo8viu.txt item: #379 of 1203 id: cord-253705-utp8po48 author: Sriwilaijaroen, Nongluk title: Sialoglycovirology of Lectins: Sialyl Glycan Binding of Enveloped and Non-enveloped Viruses date: 2020-04-19 words: 20335 flesch: 41 summary: Thus, further analysis of virus cell type binding specificity and sialoglycoconjugates in the human respiratory system for each age group is needed. The future direction of new therapeutic routes targeting viral lectins, development of easy-to-use detection methods for diagnosis and monitoring changes in virus binding specificity, and challenges in the development of suitable viruses to use in virus-based therapies for genetic disorders and cancer are discussed. keywords: acid; amino; attachment; binding; capsid; cells; d37; fiber; fig; glycan; glycoproteins; hadv; host; human; infection; influenza; interactions; membrane; neu5ac; protein; receptor; sia; sialic; sialyl; site; specificity; strains; studies; surface; terminal; treatment; type; virus; viruses; vp1 cache: cord-253705-utp8po48.txt plain text: cord-253705-utp8po48.txt item: #380 of 1203 id: cord-253825-d9borky8 author: Blaising, Julie title: Arbidol as a broad-spectrum antiviral: An update date: 2014-04-24 words: 8786 flesch: 35 summary: Shi and coworkers showed a greater inhibitory effect on influenza A H1N1 when ARB was added before infection or when it was pre-incubated with the virus (Shi et al., 2007) , suggesting that membrane impregnation and/or metabolites could underlie ARB antiviral activity (see Section 6.). Taken together, these data reveal that resistance of influenza viruses to ARB mainly arises from mutations in the HA2 fusion protein, consistent with ARB antiviral activity related to membrane fusion. keywords: activity; antiviral; arb; arbidol; cells; effect; entry; et al; fusion; hcv; infection; influenza; membrane; replication; studies; study; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-253825-d9borky8.txt plain text: cord-253825-d9borky8.txt item: #381 of 1203 id: cord-254090-x8tnweih author: Yang, Szu-Chi title: Efficient Structure Resonance Energy Transfer from Microwaves to Confined Acoustic Vibrations in Viruses date: 2015-12-09 words: 6076 flesch: 46 summary: We also established a theoretical model to estimate the microwaves power threshold for virus inactivation and good agreement with experiments was obtained. With a low resonator quality factor (around and less than 2 for H3N2), we also observed virus inactivation in off-resonant frequencies (6-12GHz), following a trend predicted with our model. keywords: dipolar; field; frequency; ghz; inactivation; microwave; power; resonant; threshold; virus; viruses cache: cord-254090-x8tnweih.txt plain text: cord-254090-x8tnweih.txt item: #382 of 1203 id: cord-254100-u6x5zd4i author: Taliansky, M.E. title: Involvement of the Plant Nucleolus in Virus and Viroid Infections: Parallels with Animal Pathosystems date: 2010-10-15 words: 13999 flesch: 28 summary: Therefore, the main emphasis of this review will be on what is known about the different aspects of interactions between plant virus proteins and the nucleolus, of which the functional significance in control of virus movement and interference with host antiviral defense has started to appear only recently. The most common technique for studying the nucleolar targeting of plant virus proteins is based on the confocal microscopy localization of the proteins which have been tagged with a fluorescent fusion protein (such as green fluorescent protein, GFP). keywords: cbs; cell; et al; fibrillarin; functions; host; infection; interaction; localization; movement; nia; nucleolar; nucleolus; nucleus; orf3; plant; protein; replication; rna; role; silencing; translation; viral; virus; viruses; vpg cache: cord-254100-u6x5zd4i.txt plain text: cord-254100-u6x5zd4i.txt item: #383 of 1203 id: cord-254194-962vynwk author: Galdiero, Stefania title: Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Agents date: 2011-10-24 words: 10043 flesch: 33 summary: Many studies have shown the antimicrobial effects of metal nanoparticles, but the effects of silver nanoparticles against fungal pathogens are mostly unknown; silver nanoparticles, indeed, showed significant antifungal activity against Penicillium citrinum The present review aims at a description of the reported antiviral activities of metal nanoparticles and their production methods, with particular regard to silver nanoparticles. keywords: activity; antiviral; cell; effect; entry; fact; gold; inhibition; interaction; membrane; metal; metal nanoparticles; nanoparticles; silver; surface; synthesis; virus; viruses cache: cord-254194-962vynwk.txt plain text: cord-254194-962vynwk.txt item: #384 of 1203 id: cord-254200-9bpdfxrt author: Barin, F. title: La sécurité virale des médicaments d’origine biologique date: 2008-06-30 words: 6498 flesch: 47 summary: Il est également habituel d'avoir recours à des virus modèles animaux lorsque l'on veut étudier l'efficacité d'une étape sur un produit intermédiaire riche en immunoglobulines. La seconde est que l'utilisation de médicaments d'origine animale, notamment ceux administrés par voie parentérale, peut fournir de nouvelles possibilités de diffusion à des virus incapables d'infecter l'homme dans des conditions naturelles. keywords: ces; d'origine; dans; des; est; les; médicaments; par; peut; pour; première; procédé; produits; que; qui; sont; sur; sécurité; une; virale; virus; étapes; être cache: cord-254200-9bpdfxrt.txt plain text: cord-254200-9bpdfxrt.txt item: #385 of 1203 id: cord-254527-zddwajzg author: Junter, Guy-Alain title: Polysaccharide-based chromatographic adsorbents for virus purification and viral clearance date: 2020-01-13 words: 16956 flesch: 36 summary: Since then, CEL sulfate beads have been extensively implemented as packing material for pAFC in a number of virus purification processes. Therefore, a number of virus purification processes have associated the two chromatographic processes that are complementary. keywords: aec; afc; affinity; cell; chromatography; clearance; column; culture; dna; exchange; flow; human; influenza; manufacturing; membrane; mmc; mode; particles; process; processes; product; protein; purification; removal; resin; sart; sec; seph; step; vaccine; virus; viruses; vlps cache: cord-254527-zddwajzg.txt plain text: cord-254527-zddwajzg.txt item: #386 of 1203 id: cord-254592-wa5il5go author: Brierley, Liam title: Tissue tropism and transmission ecology predict virulence of human RNA viruses date: 2019-11-26 words: 5889 flesch: 31 summary: Six-rank system of classifying human RNA virus virulence with available data (specifically, severity rating from main text, fatalities in vulnerable individuals and healthy adults, and severe strains), along with example viruses and number of viruses fitting each exclusive rank's criteria. The emergence of previously unseen viruses means that the set of known human viruses continually could not be assigned a disease severity rating and were excluded from all analyses (hepatitis delta virus, which is reliant on hepatitis B virus coinfection, and primate T-lymphotropic virus 3, which may be associated with chronic disease like other T-lymphotropic viruses but has not been known in humans long enough for cohort observations). keywords: data; disease; forest; human; models; risk; tissue; transmission; tropism; virulence; viruses cache: cord-254592-wa5il5go.txt plain text: cord-254592-wa5il5go.txt item: #387 of 1203 id: cord-254890-4ynsgu6c author: Heldens, J.G.M. title: Veterinary vaccine development from an industrial perspective date: 2008-03-03 words: 9220 flesch: 32 summary: The gathering of all the required information and test results on the vaccine (vaccine development) is usually organised in structured and well phased manner. Later, vaccine development took advantage of new studies of the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis. keywords: adjuvants; animals; antigen; cell; development; disease; eec; et al; immunity; infection; manufacturing; parasite; production; quality; systems; use; vaccination; vaccine; veterinary; virus cache: cord-254890-4ynsgu6c.txt plain text: cord-254890-4ynsgu6c.txt item: #388 of 1203 id: cord-254932-b447w202 author: Panda, Aruna title: Role of fusion protein cleavage site in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus date: 2003-11-18 words: 5576 flesch: 47 summary: The rBC and rLaSota V.F. viruses initiated new virus formation after one day of infection. However, the yields of rBC virus were 100-fold higher than those of rLaSota V.F. virus. keywords: cleavage; cleavage site; f protein; ndv; protein; rbc; rlasota; site; v.f; virus cache: cord-254932-b447w202.txt plain text: cord-254932-b447w202.txt item: #389 of 1203 id: cord-254963-cnvxlv6h author: Paskey, Adrian C. title: Enrichment post-library preparation enhances the sensitivity of high-throughput sequencing-based detection and characterization of viruses from complex samples date: 2019-02-26 words: 6211 flesch: 40 summary: This study expands upon two previously developed panels of virus enrichment probes (for filoviruses and for respiratory viruses) to include other viruses of biodefense and/or biosurveillance concern to the U.S. Department of Defense and various international public health agencies. For the guano samples, these consisted of an aliquot of each of the TruSeq RNA Access libraries from the step prior to virus enrichment. keywords: detection; enrichment; genome; probes; reads; rna; samples; sequencing; target; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-254963-cnvxlv6h.txt plain text: cord-254963-cnvxlv6h.txt item: #390 of 1203 id: cord-255026-fdp6mies author: Belák, Sándor title: Molecular diagnosis of viral diseases, present trends and future aspects: A view from the OIE Collaborating Centre for the Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Diagnosis of Viral Diseases in Veterinary Medicine date: 2007-07-26 words: 5344 flesch: 36 summary: The real-time PCR assays provide novel rapid means of virus detection in the diagnostic laboratories. By introducing single and nested PCR assays as early as 1987-1988, two years after the description of the PCR principle, our laboratory was among the first ones to use this technique for diagnostic purposes [2, 3] . keywords: assays; detection; diagnosis; diseases; methods; pcr; pcr assays; time; time pcr; virus; viruses cache: cord-255026-fdp6mies.txt plain text: cord-255026-fdp6mies.txt item: #391 of 1203 id: cord-255075-6azu6k3h author: Zhuang, Jianjian title: Advanced “lab-on-a-chip” to detect viruses – Current challenges and future perspectives date: 2020-05-12 words: 3143 flesch: 23 summary: chip is further combined with the Biological mobile phone, Mobile detection station, or Artificial Intelligence，its potential for virus detection will be extended even further. In the future, microfluidic products that meet the criteria for POC proposed by WHO including (1) 478 being affordable to those at risk of infection, containing (2) high sensitivity, (3) high specificity, (4) 479 user-friendly capabilities, being (5) rapid and robust, (6) equipment free, and (7) Comparison of herpes 603 simplex virus PCR with culture for virus detection in multisource surface swab specimens from 604 neonates Nanoparticle-enhanced electrical detection of Zika virus on paper 607 microchips Improving HIV proteome annotation: new features of BioAfrica HIV Proteomics Resource Multiplexed efficient on-chip sample preparation 613 and sensitive amplification-free detection of Ebola virus Microfluidic 615 System for Detection of Viral RNA in Blood Using a Barcode Fluorescence Reporter Photocleavable Capture Probe Dengue virus: a review on 619 advances in detection and trends -from conventional methods to novel biosensors Differential serum cytokine profiles in patients with chronic hepatitis b, 623 c, and hepatocellular carcinoma The propagation of a Christmas Carol produced by adolescent cancer patients at the Istituto 626 Hands-free smartphone-based diagnostics for simultaneous detection of Zika Dengue at point-of-care Wearable microfluidic diaphragm pressure sensor for health and tactile touch 632 monitoring Microfluidic chips for point-of-care immunodiagnostics Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and 643 transmission during the 2014 outbreak Rapid, low-cost and instrument-free CD4+ cell counting 645 16 for HIV diagnostics in resource-poor settings Prevalence and seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses 647 during the 2014-2015 season in Istanbul The Ebola Epidemic A Global Health Emergency On-chip 651 multiplex electrochemical immunosensor based on disposable 24-site fluidic micro-array screen 652 printing analytical device for multi-component quantitative analysis Point of care diagnostics: status 655 and future Zika virus is a global public health emergency, declares WHO New fronts emerge in the influenza cytokine storm Dengue virus -Mosquito interactions Biology of Zika Virus Infection in Human Skin Cells A multi-virus detectable microfluidic 666 electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of H1N1, H5N1, and H7N9 virus using ZnO 667 nanorods for sensitivity enhancement Deaths from norovirus 669 among the elderly, England and Wales A comparison study of Zika virus outbreaks 671 in French Polynesia, Colombia and the State of Bahia in Brazil High-throughput and all-solution phase African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) 674 detection using CRISPR-Cas12a and fluorescence based point-of-care system Traditional and modern cell culture in virus diagnosis. keywords: chip; detection; hiv; paper; point; preparation; sample; system; virus; viruses cache: cord-255075-6azu6k3h.txt plain text: cord-255075-6azu6k3h.txt item: #392 of 1203 id: cord-255096-27dfbhsl author: Sweet, Michael J. title: Reprint of ‘Diseases in marine invertebrates associated with mariculture and commercial fisheries’ date: 2016-06-19 words: 18109 flesch: 47 summary: Diagnosis and/or treatment: Based on disease signs only at the current time. Diagnosis and/or treatment: Based on disease signs only at the current time. keywords: agent; date; diagnosis; disease; disease signs; epidemiology; et al; hosts; individuals; infection; lobsters; mortality; oie; outbreaks; oysters; pacific; parasite; pathogens; pathology; pcr; populations; shrimp; signs; species; spread; syndrome; tissues; treatment; virus; white; wild cache: cord-255096-27dfbhsl.txt plain text: cord-255096-27dfbhsl.txt item: #393 of 1203 id: cord-255137-utg8k7qs author: Yinda, Claude Kwe title: Gut Virome Analysis of Cameroonians Reveals High Diversity of Enteric Viruses, Including Potential Interspecies Transmitted Viruses date: 2019-01-23 words: 9795 flesch: 40 summary: VIRSorter_NODE_210_length_3873_cov_4_79189-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_388_length_2881_cov_7_17939-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_5_length_42493_cov_21_423-circular-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_8_length_45832_cov_51_2672-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_4_length_43684_cov_82_015-circular-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_15_length_28369_cov_37_8786-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_16_length_34096_cov_10_5837-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_7_length_23030_cov_44_5743-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_4_length_46080_cov_143_372-circular-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_154_length_5846_cov_32_8156-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_2_length_40986_cov_83_5436-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_14_length_28627_cov_424_601-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_130_length_7398_cov_6_88034-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_911_length_1516_cov_2_82279-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_60_length_9439_cov_32_4934-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_98_length_5449_cov_11_7885-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_193_length_2388_cov_2_87797-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_25_length_14198_cov_12_3353-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_83_length_6779_cov_23_1462-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_37_length_8496_cov_10_6883-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_97_length_6417_cov_22_439-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_20_length_3093_cov_15_1522-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_794_length_2121_cov_3_72505-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_510_length_2453_cov_9_21212-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_11_length_24212_cov_31_2924-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_16_length_17400_cov_20_1101-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1_length_45933_cov_26_6238-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_4_length_46625_cov_133_007-circular-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_52_length_9386_cov_11_0833-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_229_length_1757_cov_2_47857-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_11_length_20025_cov_19_5373-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_22_length_11775_cov_21_2965-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_107_length_7429_cov_59_5487-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_5_length_61314_cov_65_5801-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_8_length_28098_cov_49_3527-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_59_length_6288_cov_49_065-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_6_length_39977_cov_34_3534-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_145_length_6050_cov_14_9503-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_3_length_55511_cov_174_071-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_512_length_1992_cov_5_2329-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_43_length_9047_cov_24_7407-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_7_length_27940_cov_25_4928-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_30_length_20704_cov_18_18-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_284_length_3092_cov_4_56783-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_21_length_10227_cov_70_6216_ID_1234280-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_244_length_3185_cov_5_53925-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_9_length_14015_cov_52_0782-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_483_length_3784_cov_3_74777-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_163_length_1997_cov_6_07969-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_73_length_9441_cov_6_50694-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_391_length_2005_cov_13_5311-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_48_length_4545_cov_11_4716-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_274_length_2499_cov_6_84104-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_5_length_45101_cov_33_3939-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_84_length_5772_cov_5_66831-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_228_length_3330_cov_15_3372-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_38_length_6638_cov_33_8407-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_110_length_3327_cov_40_0329_ID_1235347-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_292_length_3977_cov_5_20205-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_73_length_4137_cov_29_2744-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_109_length_3682_cov_5_79945-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_2060_length_1098_cov_2_56024-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_186_length_5287_cov_24_3374-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_128_length_4404_cov_8_8202-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_8_length_40727_cov_52_8639-circular-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_241_length_2048_cov_3_82192-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_566_length_1570_cov_4_87877-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_236_length_2071_cov_8_333-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_21_length_8643_cov_7_23897-cat_1 Halocynthia~phage~JM-2012 Bacillus~phage~NotTheCreek Bacillus~phage~Belinda Listeria~phage~LP-083-2 VIRSorter_NODE_12_length_23882_cov_20_202-cat_2 Bacillus~phage~W.Ph. Enterococcus~phage~EFLK1 VIRSorter_NODE_421_length_3484_cov_2_88788-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_51_length_6073_cov_24_308-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_126_length_4338_cov_7_34968-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_743_length_2937_cov_5_76678-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_572_length_1258_cov_4_2989-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_511_length_1714_cov_9_19609-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_105_length_2295_cov_5_80162_ID_209_GC022959_GC022959-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_351_length_1653_cov_3_89784-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_62_length_4317_cov_5_92123_GC022960_GC022960-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_70_length_5230_cov_7_68756-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_59_length_5445_cov_7_07004-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_151_length_2931_cov_21_0263-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_87_length_2972_cov_3_15406-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_52_length_12117_cov_12_12-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_11_length_18974_cov_17_7842-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_2774_length_1414_cov_2_55497-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_250_length_2007_cov_4_84663-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_92_length_4947_cov_8_09199-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1203_length_1540_cov_6_38619-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_46_length_7537_cov_11_1706-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_2982_length_1113_cov_2_02703-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_150_length_2967_cov_3_60415-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_856_length_1683_cov_5_93275-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_297_length_2600_cov_4_91082-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_891_length_1502_cov_2_53754-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_234_length_5884_cov_5_88807-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_142_length_4144_cov_6_25424-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1046_length_1299_cov_4_62684-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_150_length_4016_cov_26_916-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_29_length_15514_cov_39_9365-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_315_length_2377_cov_6_79043-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_53_length_6164_cov_14_1464-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_324_length_2523_cov_8_04415-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_234_length_3252_cov_10_1729-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_14_length_18167_cov_39_9557-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_240_length_2054_cov_3_92817-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_846_length_2391_cov_4_03933-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_476_length_1954_cov_5_94406_GC021836_GC021836-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_74_length_3590_cov_49_2966-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_568_length_1984_cov_4_76403-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_13_length_17922_cov_52_6305-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_433_length_2253_cov_3_42233-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_335_length_2021_cov_4_10391_GC021842_GC021842-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_138_length_3112_cov_4_00791-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1458_length_1041_cov_2_11722_GC021830_GC021830-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_42_length_4096_cov_4_64369-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_76_length_2941_cov_3_10859_ID_151_GC022959_GC022959-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_590_length_1526_cov_7_29262_GC021830_GC021830-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_271_length_4659_cov_16_1942-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_54_length_4664_cov_9_37127-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_407_length_2846_cov_138_023_GC021836_GC021836-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_1721_length_1996_cov_5_9359-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_428_length_2323_cov_3_73776-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_356_length_2384_cov_8_9935-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_332_length_2175_cov_10_2507-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1147_length_1321_cov_3_40756-cat_1 VIRSorter_NODE_100_length_4424_cov_7_35335-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1703_length_1463_cov_2_22872-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_366_length_3576_cov_8_32009_GC021836_GC021836-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_725_length_1855_cov_10_6147-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_1238_length_1327_cov_2_0664-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_672_length_1295_cov_4_3514-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_79_length_6354_cov_62_2409-cat_2 VIRSorter_NODE_78_length_6260_cov_45_9512-cat_2 keywords: age; analysis; bats; cameroon; cameroonian; cat_2; children; contact; fig; gastroenteritis; genomes; human; identity; novel; phage; pools; reads; region; samples; species; strains; study; viruses cache: cord-255137-utg8k7qs.txt plain text: cord-255137-utg8k7qs.txt item: #394 of 1203 id: cord-255181-du6rqc6i author: Louz, Derrick title: Cross‐species transfer of viruses: implications for the use of viral vectors in biomedical research, gene therapy and as live‐virus vaccines date: 2005-06-29 words: 8024 flesch: 36 summary: Reassortment is another important evolutionary mechanism in RNA viruses with a segmented genome, such as influenza viruses and reoviruses. The surface glycoproteins of H5 influenza viruses isolated from humans, chickens, and wild aquatic birds have distinguishable properties Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses Wet markets -a continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? Quasispecies and the implications for virus persistence and escape The molecular biology of coronaviruses Episodic evolution mediates interspecies transfer of a murine coronavirus Persistent infection promotes cross-species transmissibility of mouse hepatitis virus Receptor homologue scanning functions in the maintenance of MHV-A59 persistence in vitro The N-terminal region of the murine coronavirus spike glycoprotein is associated with the extended host range of viruses from persistently infected murine cells Structure of a major immunogenic site on foot-and-mouth disease virus Molecular basis of pathogenesis of FMDV Efficient infection of cells in culture by type O foot-and-mouth disease virus requires binding to cell surface heparan sulfate Tissue culture adaptation of foot-and-mouth disease virus selects viruses that bind to heparin and are attenuated in cattle Cell recognition by foot-and-mouth disease virus that lacks the RGD integrin-binding motif: flexibility in aphthovirus receptor usage Evolution subverting essentiality: dispensability of the cell attachment Arg-Gly-Asp motif in multiply passaged foot-and-mouth disease virus Foot-and-mouth disease virus virulent for cattle utilizes the integrin alpha(v)beta3 as its receptor Expansion of host-cell tropism of foot-and-mouth disease virus despite replication in a constant environment Polyomaviridae: the viruses and their replication Evidence for two points of restriction in the expression of adenovirus type 2 in cultured epidermal keratinocytes Isolation of a variant of human adenovirus serotype 2 that multiplies efficiently on monkey cells A human cell line selected for resistance to adenovirus infection has reduced levels of the virus receptor Herpesviruses and heparan sulfate: an intimate relationship in aid of viral entry Infection of Chinese hamster ovary cells by pseudorabies virus Adaptability in herpesviruses: glycoprotein D-independent infectivity of pseudorabies virus Glycoprotein Dindependent infectivity of pseudorabies virus results in an alteration of in vivo host range and correlates with mutations in glycoproteins B and H Three classes of cell surface receptors for alphaherpesvirus entry Modification of human cytomegalovirus tropism through propagation in vitro is associated with changes in the viral genome A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids A plasmid-based reverse genetics system for influenza A virus Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus Reverse genetics approach towards understanding pathogenesis of H5N1 Hong Kong influenza keywords: adaptation; avian; cell; disease; emergence; gene; host; human; influenza; range; receptor; species; tropism; variants; vectors; viruses cache: cord-255181-du6rqc6i.txt plain text: cord-255181-du6rqc6i.txt item: #395 of 1203 id: cord-255217-l2ak5ygj author: Eccles, Ronald title: Why is temperature sensitivity important for the success of common respiratory viruses? date: 2020-08-10 words: 3866 flesch: 27 summary: [4] [5] [6] [7] Recent reviews on respiratory viruses do not mention airway temperature sensitivity. 13 What is implied in this definition of virus temperature sensitivity is that the higher temperature is the normal body temperature of the host and that viruses that replicate poorly at body temperature are less virulent than those that can replicate freely at body temperature. keywords: airway; influenza; respiratory; sensitive; sensitivity; temperature; temperature sensitivity; viruses cache: cord-255217-l2ak5ygj.txt plain text: cord-255217-l2ak5ygj.txt item: #396 of 1203 id: cord-255339-oudj079q author: Al-Tayib, Omar A. title: An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia date: 2019-02-22 words: 15858 flesch: 42 summary: Borne Zoonotic Dis Update on the global spread of dengue Virologic and serologic surveillance for dengue fever in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1994-1999 Clinical profile and outcome of hospitalized patients during first outbreak of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health (MOH) Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health: Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Phylogeny of dengue viruses circulating in Jeddah Reconstructing historical changes in the force of infection of dengue fever in Singapore: Implications for surveillance and control Dengue fever Clinical features of 567 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia Characteristics of dengue fever in a large public hospital Factors associated with the spread of dengue fever in Jeddah Governorate, Saudi Arabia. According to a March 3 statement, another patient, a 74-year-old man from Najran located in southern Saudi Arabia, was reported. keywords: animals; camels; cases; control; countries; cov; data; disease; fever; health; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; jeddah; mers; pathogens; patients; rabies; saudi arabia; studies; study; virus; viruses; zoonotic cache: cord-255339-oudj079q.txt plain text: cord-255339-oudj079q.txt item: #397 of 1203 id: cord-255479-yd5cbwnx author: Vu, David M. title: Chikungunya Virus date: 2017-06-30 words: 4098 flesch: 39 summary: The prolonged debilitating arthralgia associated with CHIKV infection has tremendous potential for impacting the global economy and should be considered when evaluating the human burden of disease and the allocation of resources. Developing a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CHIKV infection is a priority and forms the basis for developing effective strategies at infection prevention and disease control. keywords: chikungunya; chikv; disease; epidemic; fever; infection; mice; outbreak; testing; virus cache: cord-255479-yd5cbwnx.txt plain text: cord-255479-yd5cbwnx.txt item: #398 of 1203 id: cord-255623-qdpdsye9 author: Pham, Hien T. title: Clinical and Pathogenic Characteristics of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Treated at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital date: 2020-03-11 words: 2709 flesch: 41 summary: respiratory viral panel fast for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections Mini-symposium: microbiological diagnostic procedures in respiratory infection respiratory virus infection Access to a polymerase chain reaction assay method targeting 13 respiratory viruses can reduce antibiotics: a randomised, controlled trial Diagnostic errors that lead to inappropriate antimicrobial use Multiplex PCR and emerging technologies for the detection of respiratory pathogens Assessment of the usefulness of multiplex real-time PCR tests in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of pneumonia in hospitalized children: a single-center experience Comparison of the Luminex xTAG respiratory viral panel with in-house nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections Fully automated nucleic acid extraction: MagNA Pure LC Human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory infections in Vietnam Cellular immunity and lung injury in respiratory virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus infection Pathogen screening and prognostic factors in children with severe ARDS of pulmonary origin Respiratory syncytial virus infections: recent prospects for control Association between C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults C-reactive protein: ligands, receptors and role in inflammation keywords: children; infections; pcr; tract; viruses; xtag cache: cord-255623-qdpdsye9.txt plain text: cord-255623-qdpdsye9.txt item: #399 of 1203 id: cord-255690-xc4bxin4 author: Rolain, Jean-Marc title: Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century date: 2007-07-16 words: 7031 flesch: 34 summary: CQ treatment of different cells, including macrophages, could inhibit the growth of several of these intracellular bacteria by neutralising the phagolysosomal pH CQ levels in serum should be monitored to ensure that they are maintained at 1 ± 0.2 mg/L. Similarly, an HIV-infected patient with Q fever endocarditis was successfully treated with valvular replacement and a combination of doxycycline and HCQ [76] . keywords: activity; cells; chloroquine; effect; fever; hcq; human; inhibition; intracellular; patients; treatment; virus; vitro cache: cord-255690-xc4bxin4.txt plain text: cord-255690-xc4bxin4.txt item: #400 of 1203 id: cord-255697-trig04hd author: Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung title: Viral Infections, an Overview with a Focus on Prevention of Transmission date: 2016-10-24 words: 6425 flesch: 32 summary: norovirus shedding time associated with age Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Prevention of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections through compliance with glove and gown isolation precautions Immunization with high-dose intradermal recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in healthcare workers who failed to respond to intramuscular vaccination Epidemiologic study and containment of a nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory Prospective controlled study of four infection-control procedures to prevent nosocomial infection with respiratory syncytial virus Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic An effective quarantine measure reduced the total incidence of influenza A H1N1 in the workplace: another way to control the H1N1 flu pandemic An outbreak of influenza aboard a commercial airliner Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccination Rapid awareness and transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hanoi French Hospital, Vietnam. As the virus may survive on inanimate surfaces for 12-48 h, and on the surface of hands for 10-15 min (Kampf and Kramer, 2004; Kramer et al., 2006) , influenza virus can be transmitted indirectly by contact with hands from the contaminated environment to the pharyngeal mucosa. keywords: care; control; et al; health; infection; influenza; norovirus; outbreak; patients; sars; transmission; virus; viruses; workers cache: cord-255697-trig04hd.txt plain text: cord-255697-trig04hd.txt item: #401 of 1203 id: cord-255734-038xu4hq author: Taylor, Deborah R. title: Obstacles and advances in SARS vaccine development date: 2006-02-13 words: 5338 flesch: 42 summary: A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-beginning to understand a new virus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus Identification of a new human coronavirus Coronaviridae: the viruses and their replication Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus-infected cells in lung detected by new in situ hybridization technique Expression of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome Significant changes of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-related virus predating SARS outbreak Dissection study on the severe acute respiratory syndrome 3C-like protease reveals the critical role of the extra domain in dimerization of the enzyme: defining the extra domain as a new target for design of highly specific protease inhibitors SARS in newborns and children Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Role of China in the quest to define and control severe acute respiratory syndrome Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Mice susceptible to SARS coronavirus Contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity Mechanisms of host defense following severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus (SARS-CoV) pulmonary infection of mice Resolution of primary severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection requires Stat1 Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets Mucosal immunisation of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the SARS coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of SARS Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Macaque model for severe acute respiratory syndrome Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Protection of chickens after live and inactivated virus vaccination against challenge with nephropathologenic infectious bronchitis virus Safety and efficacy of a modified-live canine coronavirus vaccine in dogs Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever Inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: active and passive immunoprophylaxis in chimpanzees Live attenuated varicella vaccine Highly infectious SARS-CoV pseudotyped virus reveals the cell tropism and its correlation with receptor expression Genetically engineered vaccines: an overview Developing new smallpox vaccines Current status and future trends in vaccine regulation-USA SARS-associated coronavirus quasispecies in individual patients SARS associated coronavirus has a recombinant polymerase and coronaviruses have a history of host-shifting Mosaic evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Antibody-dependent enhancement of virus infection and disease The role of IgG subclass of mouse monoclonal antibodies in antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection of feline macrophages Localization of antigenic sites of the S glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis virus involved in neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement Antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line U937 by serum of cats experimentally or naturally infected with feline coronavirus Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study Development and characterisation of neutralising monoclonal antibody to the SARS-coronavirus Identification of an antigenie determinant on the S2 domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies Synthesis and characterization of a native, oligomeric form of recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein Inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV Subcutaneously injected UV-inactivated SARS coronavirus vaccine elicits systemic humoral immunity in mice Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine prepared from whole virus induces a high level of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/c mice Immune responses in Balb/c mice induced by a candidate SARS-CoV inactivated vaccine prepared from F69 strain Assembly of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like particles Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets Effects of a SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys Retroviral vectors pseudotyped with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein Induction of SARS-nucleoprotein-specific immune response by use of DNA vaccine DNA vaccine of SARS-CoV S gene induces antibody response in mice A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Characterization of humoral responses in mice immunized with plasmid DNAs encoding SARS-CoV spike gene fragments Generation and characterization of DNA vaccines targeting the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS CTL vaccine candidates; HLA supertype-, genome-wide scanning and biochemical validation Kanta Subbarao, Edward Tabor, Miriam Darnell, Robin Levis and Hira Nakhasi are gratefully acknowledged for comments on the manuscript. [12] noted that a rapid decline of T-cell subsets in the periphery was observed in patients during the acute phase of SARS infection, but they observed restoration of T cells during recovery. keywords: animal; coronavirus; cov; disease; infection; mice; protein; sars; syndrome; vaccine; virus cache: cord-255734-038xu4hq.txt plain text: cord-255734-038xu4hq.txt item: #402 of 1203 id: cord-256036-gd53s4dv author: Sandmann, Lisa title: Barriers of hepatitis C virus interspecies transmission date: 2013-01-01 words: 7905 flesch: 23 summary: The role of transferrin receptor in Hepatitis C virus entry Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-lambda and interferonstimulated genes in primary liver cultures Expression of human CD81 in transgenic mice does not confer susceptibility to hepatitis C virus infection Determinants of hepatitis C translational initiation in vitro, in cultured cells and mice Telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype 1 infection The tight junction proteins claudin-1, -6, and -9 are entry cofactors for hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers Biochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis C virus particles and determination of their lipidome The human liver-uPA-SCID mouse: a model for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against HBV and HCV The human liver-uPA-SCID mouse: a model for the evaluation of antiviral compounds against HBV and HCV Morphological and biochemical characterization of a human liver in a uPA-SCID mouse chimera Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Species-specific regions of occludin required by hepatitis C virus for cell entry Identification of host genes involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interfering RNA technology Association between hepatitis C virus and very-lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL)/LDL analyzed in iodixanol density gradients Hepatitis C virus NS4B protein targets STING and abrogates RIG-I-mediated type-I interferon-dependent innate immunity Sustained viral response in a hepatitis C virus-infected chimpanzee via a combination of direct-acting antiviral agents Convergent evolution of escape from hepaciviral antagonism in primates The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81 Hepatitis C virus host cell entry Human occludin is a hepatitis C virus entry factor required for infection of mouse cells Persistent hepatitis C virus infection in microscale primary human hepatocyte cultures Hepatitis C virus glycoproteins interact with DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection Immunity in hepatitis C infection Transgenic mice and the pathogenesis of poliomyelitis Cellular cofactors affecting hepatitis C virus infection and replication Recruitment and activation of a lipid kinase by hepatitis C virus NS5A is essential for integrity of the membranous replication compartment Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes support complete replication of hepatitis C virus Identification of the Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 cholesterol absorption receptor as a new hepatitis C virus entry factor The human scavenger receptor class B type I is a novel candidate receptor for the hepatitis C virus Molecular and serologic analysis in the transmission of the GB hepatitis agents The complete mitochondrial genome of Tupaia belangeri and the phylogenetic affiliation of scandentia to other eutherian orders Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells Current animal models: transgenic animal models for the study of measles pathogenesis Memory CD8 þ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection Humanized mice in translational biomedical research Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis Lack of susceptibility of Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus orientalis) to hepatitis C virus infection Identification of human kinases involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interference RNA library screening A functional genomic screen identifies cellular cofactors of hepatitis C virus replication Hepatic Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 regulates biliary cholesterol concentration and is a target of ezetimibe Kinases required in hepatitis C virus entry and replication highlighted by small interference RNA screening Replication of a hepatitis C virus replicon clone in mouse cells Identification of a lipid kinase as a host factor involved in hepatitis C virus RNA replication INX-08189, a phosphoramidate prodrug of 6-O-methyl-2 0 -C-methyl guanosine, is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication with excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties Disruption of Erk-dependent type I interferon Lack of susceptibility of various primates and woodchucks to hepatitis C virus Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 protein is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption Pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection in Tupaia belangeri Expression of paramyxovirus V proteins promotes replication and spread of hepatitis C virus in cultures of primary human fetal liver cells Assembly of infectious hepatitis C virus particles Roles for endocytic trafficking and phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase III alpha in hepatitis C virus replication Intrinsic immunity: a front-line defense against viral attack Human liver chimeric mice provide a model for hepatitis B and C virus infection and treatment Adaptation of hepatitis C virus to mouse CD81 permits infection of mouse cells in the absence of human entry factors Efficient initiation of HCV RNA replication in cell culture Highly permissive cell lines for hepatitis C virus genomic and subgenomic RNA replication Class III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha and beta are novel host factor regulators of hepatitis C virus replication Nonstructural 3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus activates epithelial growth factor-induced signal transduction by cleavage of the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase Host range studies of GB virus-B hepatitis agent, the closest relative of hepatitis C virus, in New World monkeys and chimpanzees Serology-enabled discovery of genetically diverse hepaciviruses in a new host miR-122, a mammalian liverspecific microRNA, is processed from hcr mRNA and may downregulate the high affinity cationic amino acid transporter CAT-1 Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts: protein kinase R (PKR)-dependent and PKR-independent mechanisms for controlling HCV RNA replication and mediating interferon activities Humanized mice with ectopic artificial liver tissues Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome Debio 025, a cyclophilin binding molecule, is highly efficient in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon-containing cells when used alone or in combination with specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C) inhibitors RNA interference and single particle tracking analysis of hepatitis C virus endocytosis L-SIGN (CD209L) and DC-SIGN (CD209) mediate transinfection of liver cells by hepatitis C virus New horizons for studying human hepatotropic infections Studies on the transmission of human viral hepatitis to marmoset monkeys. keywords: c virus; cd81; cells; entry; et al; hcv; hepatitis; host; human; infection; liver; mice; mouse; receptor; replication; rna; species; virus cache: cord-256036-gd53s4dv.txt plain text: cord-256036-gd53s4dv.txt item: #403 of 1203 id: cord-256325-q70rky3r author: Stewart, Cameron R. title: A Functional Genomics Approach to Henipavirus Research: The Role of Nuclear Proteins, MicroRNAs and Immune Regulators in Infection and Disease date: 2017-07-04 words: 8331 flesch: 28 summary: Collectively, these data suggest that let-7 miRNAs inhibit HeV by suppressing host proteins required for virus infection. Central to this work was the development of a recombinant HeV expressing the renilla luciferase construct, which allowed for high throughput and rapid measurement of virus infection (Marsh et al. 2013 ). keywords: cell; disease; et al; fibrillarin; genes; henipavirus; hev; host; human; ifn; infection; niv; nuclear; proteins; rna; translation; virus; viruses cache: cord-256325-q70rky3r.txt plain text: cord-256325-q70rky3r.txt item: #404 of 1203 id: cord-256370-cz88t29n author: Jansen van Vuren, Petrus title: Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa date: 2016-02-29 words: 5541 flesch: 43 summary: 1 63.0 54.3 53.9 63.1 63.8 63.3 63.6 64.7 MAHLV replicated efficiently in Vero cell culture, with the inoculum containing a high dose of virus (10 5 TCID 50 /mL) leading to rapid monolayer destruction after inoculation, with a peak in virus RNA (measured by real-time RT-PCR) by day 7, followed by a decrease on day 13. The ectoparasite pool homogenate used for virus isolation was used as DNA source for phylogenetic confirmation of species. keywords: acid; amino; bat; bats; cells; culture; isolation; mahlv; orthoreovirus; protein; sequence; species; vero; virus; viruses cache: cord-256370-cz88t29n.txt plain text: cord-256370-cz88t29n.txt item: #405 of 1203 id: cord-256510-orr2roxz author: de Castro, Isabel Fernández title: Virus factories: biogenesis and structural design date: 2012-10-04 words: 5194 flesch: 31 summary: A revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer Emerging viruses: the Bunyaviridae Virion assembly factories in the nucleus of polyomavirus-infected cells Endogenous viruses: insights into viral evolution and impact on host biology Novel replication complex architecture in rubella replicon-transfected cells The unique architecture of Bunyamwera virus factories around the Golgi complex Three-dimensional structure of Rubella virus factories Functional Sindbis virus replicative complexes are formed at the plasma membrane Viral life cycles captured in three-dimensions with electron microscopy tomography Implication of mitochondria in the replication of Nodamura virus in larvae of the Lepidoptera, Galleria mellonella (L.) and in suckling mice /p33, a member of a new class of multifunctional and multicompartmental cellular proteins, is involved in inflammation and infection Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus A superhighway to virus infection Cellular factors in plant virus movement: at the leading edge of macromolecular trafficking in plants Intracellular transport of viruses and their components: utilizing the cytoskeleton and membrane highways Oligomeric structures of poliovirus polymerase are important for function Viral reorganization of the secretory pathway generates distinct organelles for RNA replication Breaking the diffraction barrier: super-resolution imaging of cells The Rubella virus capsid protein inhibits mitochondrial import Mitochondrial p32 is a critical mediator of ARF-induced apoptosis Electron tomography of the supramolecular structure of virus-infected cells Visualizing HIV-1 assembly Essential role of cyclophilin A for hepatitis C virus replication and virus production and possible link to polyprotein cleavage kinetics Coxsackievirus infection induces autophagy-like vesicles and megaphagosomes in pancreatic acinar cells in vivo SARScoronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum Ultrastructural characterization of arterivirus replication structures: reshaping the endoplasmic reticulum to accommodate viral RNA synthesis Three-dimensional analysis of a viral RNA replication complex reveals a virus-induced miniorganelle Aggresomes, inclusion bodies and protein aggregation The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus Visualizing flock house virus infection in Drosophila cells with correlated fluorescence and electron microscopy Rubella virus replication and links to teratogenicity The tobacco mosaic virus 126-kilodalton protein, a constituent of the virus replication complex, alone or within the complex aligns with and traffics along microfilaments Synaptic vesicle-like lipidome of human cytomegalovirus virions reveals a role for SNARE machinery in virion egress Visualization and functional analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase lattices Wrapping things up about virus RNA replication Rubella virus replication complexes are virus modified lysosomes Review: properties and assembly mechanisms of ND10, PML bodies, or PODs Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus replication The N-terminal conserved domain of rubella virus capsid interacts with the C-terminal region of cellular p32 and overexpression of p32 enhances the viral infectivity Vaccinia-like cytoplasmic replication of the giant mimivirus Global genomics and proteomics approaches to identify host factors as targets to induce resistance against Tomato bushy stunt virus The dependence of viral RNA replication on co-opted host factors Virus factories, double membrane vesicles and viroplasm generated in animal cells Cellular pathways for viral transport through plasmodesmata Virus factories: associations of cell organelles for viral replication and morphogenesis The host Pex 19p plays a role in peroxisomal localization of tombusvirus replication proteins Three-dimensional visualization of gammaherpesvirus life cycle in host cells by electron tomography Modulation of membrane traffic between endoplasmic reticulum, ERGIC and Golgi to generate compartments for the replication of bacteria and viruses In vitro assembly of the Tomato bushy stunt virus replicase requires the host Heat shock protein 70 Detection and subcellular localization of the Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus 66K replication protein in infected cells Oligomeric interaction of hepatitis C virus NS5B is critical for catalytic activity of RNAdependent RNA polymerase Viral interactions with the cytoskeleton: a hitchhiker's guide to the cell Redefining viruses: lessons from Mimivirus Recruitment and activation of a lipid kinase by hepatitis C virus NS5A is essential for integrity of the membranous replication compartment Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membranes and vimentin filaments participate in vaccinia virus assembly Specific, sensitive, high-resolution detection of protein molecules in eukaryotic cells using metal-tagging transmission electron microscopy Migration of mitochondria to viral assembly sites in African swine fever virus-infected cells Assembly of vaccinia virus: the second wrapping cisterna is derived from the trans-Golgi network Intracellular transport of plant viruses: finding the door out of the cell A positive-strand RNA virus replication complex parallels form and function of retrovirus capsids Enzymatic and nonenzymatic functions of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases within oligomeric arrays Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-, actin-, and microtubuledependent transport of Semliki Forest Virus replication complexes from the plasma membrane to modified lysosomes Electron microscopy of high-pressure frozen samples: bridging the gap between cellular ultrastructure and atomic resolution Vaccinia virus DNA replication occurs in ER-enclosed cytoplasmic mini-nuclei Intracellular membrane traffic at high resolution Recent advances in the molecular and cellular biology of bunyaviruses Cyclophilin B is a functional regulator of hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase Composition and threedimensional architecture of the dengue virus replication and assembly sites Aggresomes and autophagy generate sites for virus replication Cryo-electron microscopy of the giant Mimivirus Distinct DNA exit and packaging portals in the virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus A tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic domain of the alphavirus envelope protein is essential for budding Our gratitude to Drs Isabelle Jupin, Cynthia Goldsmith, Karla Kirkegaard, Lindsay Whitton, Yael Mutsafi, Abraham Minsky, Juan Fontana and José Jesús Fernández for providing images and to Catherine Mark for editorial assistance. Since the early reviews on virus factories and replication organelles (Mackenzie, 2005; Novoa et al., 2005; Wileman, 2006) , there has been considerable progress in their characterization, as shown in several excellent, recently published reviews that cover different aspects of the cell biology of viral replication (Den Boon and Ahlquist 2010; Nagy and Pogany, 2011; Netherton and Wileman, 2011) . keywords: assembly; cell; et al; factories; factory; fig; membranes; mitochondria; replication; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-256510-orr2roxz.txt plain text: cord-256510-orr2roxz.txt item: #406 of 1203 id: cord-256615-gvq8uyfk author: Rosenberg, Ronald title: Detecting the emergence of novel, zoonotic viruses pathogenic to humans date: 2014-11-22 words: 6694 flesch: 42 summary: Understanding how such adaptability works could focus our attention on those virus families or species with the greatest chance of infecting humans but how this knowledge could be used more specifically to identify potential threats to humans among animal viruses, as has recently been proposed Because all scientists worked in a single unit connections between human virus isolates and those from animals or vectors were readily made. keywords: animal; arboviruses; discovery; disease; human; novel; number; pathogens; rna; species; surveillance; transmission; viruses cache: cord-256615-gvq8uyfk.txt plain text: cord-256615-gvq8uyfk.txt item: #407 of 1203 id: cord-256837-100ir651 author: Smith, Steven B. title: Identification of Common Biological Pathways and Drug Targets Across Multiple Respiratory Viruses Based on Human Host Gene Expression Analysis date: 2012-03-14 words: 8455 flesch: 33 summary: In particular, resistance to different classes of antiviral drugs is becoming more clinically prevalent in respiratory virus infections as seen with RSV and FLU treated with the antiviral drugs palivizumab [7] , and oseltamivir Therefore, more study is needed specifically on the role of caspase and tubulin in host response to respiratory virus infection. keywords: analysis; cells; comparison; datasets; drug; expression; factor; figure; gene; group; host; human; infection; parkin; pathways; protein; response; signaling; table; treatment; viruses cache: cord-256837-100ir651.txt plain text: cord-256837-100ir651.txt item: #408 of 1203 id: cord-256917-6h1ip37z author: Habibi-Yangjeh, Aziz title: Review on heterogeneous photocatalytic disinfection of waterborne, airborne, and foodborne viruses: Can we win against pathogenic viruses? date: 2020-07-15 words: 4787 flesch: 21 summary: They concluded that UV illumination on TiO 2 suspension was more effective in virus disinfection than only UV illumination. The authors inferred that virus disinfection over this photocatalyst may be related to the production of these ROS. keywords: disinfection; inactivation; light; ms2; photocatalysts; photocatalytic; research; review; surface; viruses; water; waterborne cache: cord-256917-6h1ip37z.txt plain text: cord-256917-6h1ip37z.txt item: #409 of 1203 id: cord-257008-7q5s1vu1 author: Sharma, Virender K. title: Environmental chemistry is most relevant to study coronavirus pandemics date: 2020-05-20 words: 1326 flesch: 28 summary: Very little information is currently available on the transmission of enveloped viruses via feco-oral transmission or through our sewer system. The urine samples have also shown human enveloped viruses such as the cytomegalovirus (CMV). keywords: coronavirus; sars; viruses; wastewater cache: cord-257008-7q5s1vu1.txt plain text: cord-257008-7q5s1vu1.txt item: #410 of 1203 id: cord-257019-lj1yzjn0 author: ter MEULEN, V. title: Mechanisms and Consequences of Virus Persistence in the Human Nervous System date: 2006-12-16 words: 5193 flesch: 35 summary: Absence of the M protein Evidence for the lack of svnthesis of the M polypeptide of measles virus in brain cells from SSPE Absence of M protein in a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus Cells infected with a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus do not express M protein Defective translation of measles virus matrix protein in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cell line I n Mechanisms of Viral Pathogenesis: From Gene to Pathogen Immunologic injury in measles virus infection. The human condition of postinfectious encephalomyelitis reveals many similarities to EAE and may arise weeks or months after virus infection (measles or mumps) or after vaccination (smallpox or rabies). keywords: cell; infected; infection; measles; panencephalitis; persistent; protein; subacute; tissue; virus; viruses cache: cord-257019-lj1yzjn0.txt plain text: cord-257019-lj1yzjn0.txt item: #411 of 1203 id: cord-257064-iafm3pcc author: Kint, Joeri title: Quantification of Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus by Titration In Vitro and In Ovo date: 2014-12-18 words: 1816 flesch: 59 summary: The method of 'right and wrong cases' ('constant stimuli') without Gauss's formulae Beitrag zur kollektiven behandlung pharmakologischer reihenversuche A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints Plaque formation by infectious bronchitis virus in chicken embryo kidney cell cultures Effect of serial embryo passage of an Arkansas-type avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate on clinical response, virus recovery, and immunity Development of attenuated vaccines from Taiwanese infectious bronchitis virus strains Attenuation, safety, and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus GA98 serotype vaccine Growth kinetics of embryo-and organ-culture adapted Beaudette strain of infectious bronchitis virus in embryonated chicken eggs Replication of avian infectious bronchitis virus in African green monkey kidney cell line key: cord-257064-iafm3pcc authors: Kint, Joeri; Maier, Helena Jane; Jagt, Erik title: Quantification of Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus by Titration In Vitro and In Ovo date: 2014-12-18 journal: Coronaviruses DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_9 sha: doc_id: 257064 cord_uid: iafm3pcc Quantification of the number of infectious viruses in a sample is a basic virological technique. keywords: cells; dilution; eggs; ibv; virus cache: cord-257064-iafm3pcc.txt plain text: cord-257064-iafm3pcc.txt item: #412 of 1203 id: cord-257163-hodykbcb author: Sanz, Ivan title: Viral Etiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations during the A/H1N1pdm09 Pandemic and Postpandemic Period date: 2015-05-07 words: 3837 flesch: 39 summary: Influenza viruses were the most detected respiratory pathogens in AE-COPD patients during the pandemic and following epidemics. Additionally, the probability for detecting influenza virus in the first epidemic was significantly lower than in the second epidemic (OR = 0.27, CI95% = 0.09-0.84; = 0.024). keywords: copd; influenza; pandemic; patients; viruses cache: cord-257163-hodykbcb.txt plain text: cord-257163-hodykbcb.txt item: #413 of 1203 id: cord-257220-fe2sacjj author: Butler, J. E. title: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an immune dysregulatory pandemic date: 2014-07-01 words: 19665 flesch: 41 summary: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome Epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS): an overview Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North America and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus Identification of a novel nidovirus associated with a neurological disease of the Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) CD8 high cell In vivo discovery of immunotherapy targets in the tumour microenvironment Identification of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes on swine viruses: multi-epitope design for universal T cell vaccine Gamma delta lymphocyte response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Efficacy of a modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity Hematological and immunological parameters of 4 1/2-month old pigs infected with PRRS virus Effects of different us isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on blood and bone marrow parameters of experimentally infected pigs Experimental porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in one-, four-, and 10-week-old pigs Immunohistochemical identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antigen in the heart and lymphoid system of three-week-old colostrum-deprived pigs Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive 138 and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by molecular breeding of the virus envelope genes from genetically divergent strains Comparative pathogenicity of nine US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in a five-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pig model Temporal and morphologic characterization of the distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by in situ hybridization in pigs infected with isolates of PRRSV that differ in virulence Lymphodepletion and homeostatic proliferation: implications for transplantation Autologous regulation of naive T cell homeostasis within the T cell compartment A causal link between lymphopenia and autoimmunity Characterization of a porcine CD1-specific mAb that distinguishes CD4/CD8 double-positive thymic from peripheral T lymphocytes Antigen presentation in the thymus for positive selection and central tolerance induction The piglet as a model for B cell and immune system Gnotobiotic pigs derivation and rearing Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal piglets. keywords: animals; antibodies; antibody; cells; development; disease; effect; fig; host; ifn; immune; immunity; infected; infection; isolator; piglets; pigs; porcine; protein; prrsv; response; strain; studies; swine; syndrome virus; system; t cells; type; viruses cache: cord-257220-fe2sacjj.txt plain text: cord-257220-fe2sacjj.txt item: #414 of 1203 id: cord-257255-n5o368ih author: Barker, J. title: Spread and prevention of some common viral infections in community facilities and domestic homes date: 2001-12-21 words: 9247 flesch: 39 summary: The importance of hands in the transmission of virus infections is well recognized and many of the studies cited in this review relate speci®cally to handwashing interventions. Respiratory syncytial virus infections occur all over the world and outbreaks are common in the cold season in temperate climates and in the rainy season in tropical climates. keywords: care; centres; children; contamination; et al; gastroenteritis; hands; hygiene; infection; outbreaks; rotavirus; spread; surfaces; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-257255-n5o368ih.txt plain text: cord-257255-n5o368ih.txt item: #415 of 1203 id: cord-257299-z9u12yqb author: Mansi, N. title: Ear, nose and throat manifestation of viral systemic infections in pediatric patients date: 2009-12-31 words: 5785 flesch: 39 summary: Treatment and prevention Utility of DNA microarrays for detection of viruses in acute respiratory tract infections in children Premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. Premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit Inner ear and facial nerve complications of acute otitis media with focus on bacteriology and virology Malattie delle tonsille palatine e loro trattamento Upper respiratory virus detection without parent-reported illness in children is virus-specific Le basi patogenetiche delle infezioni respiratorie ricorrenti. keywords: acute; cases; children; complications; days; deafness; ebv; illness; infection; papillomatosis; period; treatment; virus cache: cord-257299-z9u12yqb.txt plain text: cord-257299-z9u12yqb.txt item: #416 of 1203 id: cord-257321-l1swyr6g author: Chen, Lihong title: DRodVir: A resource for exploring the virome diversity in rodents date: 2017-05-20 words: 3250 flesch: 38 summary: Database (Oxford) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput Rodent-borne emerging viral zoonosis: hemorrhagic fevers and hantavirus infections in South America Detection of zoonotic pathogens and characterization of novel viruses carried by commensal Rattus norvegicus Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor Rodent-borne hemorrhagic fevers: under-recognized, widely spread and preventableepidemiology, diagnostics and treatment Rodent phylogeny and a timescale for the evolution of Glires: evidence from an extensive taxon sampling using three nuclear genes Global trends in emerging infectious diseases Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special? ViralZone: recent updates to the virus knowledge resource Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health Impacts of the cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification Potential influence of climate change on vector-borne and zoonotic diseases: a review and proposed research plan Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) Yersinia pestiseetiologic agent of plague FastTree 2eapproximately maximumlikelihood trees for large alignments Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans jsPhyloSVG: a javascript library for visualizing interactive and vector-based phylogenetic trees on the web Rodent Societies: an Ecological and Evolutionary Perspective Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans To facilitate online data analysis, two visualization tools are integrated into the result table: i) a statistical pie chart is available with a single click on the column title of virus family, rodent species/family, sample type and sampling country (Fig. 2B) ; ii) a global map with indicative markers is provided for the column of sampling country to better illustrate the geographic distribution of the rodent-associated viruses (http://www.mgc.ac. cn/cgi-bin/DRodVir/main.cgi?func¼map). keywords: bats; database; rodents; species; virome; viruses cache: cord-257321-l1swyr6g.txt plain text: cord-257321-l1swyr6g.txt item: #417 of 1203 id: cord-257553-479x7av6 author: Kortepeter, Mark G. title: Health Care Workers and Researchers Traveling to Developing-World Clinical Settings: Disease Transmission Risk and Mitigation date: 2010-12-01 words: 3971 flesch: 36 summary: Most HCWs are not counseled regarding tuberculosis risks before departure, nor are they evaluated on their return. There are conflicting opinions regarding the importance of airborne transmission of influenza viruses in humans keywords: exposure; health; hiv; infection; influenza; risk; transmission; treatment; tuberculosis; virus; viruses cache: cord-257553-479x7av6.txt plain text: cord-257553-479x7av6.txt item: #418 of 1203 id: cord-257569-36qx1sy9 author: Hanada, Kousuke title: A Large Variation in the Rates of Synonymous Substitution for RNA Viruses and Its Relationship to a Diversity of Viral Infection and Transmission Modes date: 2004-06-17 words: 3461 flesch: 36 summary: To estimate the degree of variation in mutation rates of RNA viruses and to understand the source of such variation, we studied the synonymous substitution rate because synonymous substitution is exempt from functional constraints at the protein level, and its rate reflects the mutation rate to a great extent. We estimated the synonymous substitution rates for a total of 49 different species of RNA viruses, and we found that the rates had tremendous variation by 5 orders of magnitude (from 1.3 × 10(−7) to 6.2 × 10(−2) /synonymous site/year). keywords: infection; rates; rna; rna viruses; substitution; transmission; viruses cache: cord-257569-36qx1sy9.txt plain text: cord-257569-36qx1sy9.txt item: #419 of 1203 id: cord-257652-ndt8f812 author: Zhang, Yong-Zhen title: The diversity, evolution and origins of vertebrate RNA viruses date: 2018-08-13 words: 4250 flesch: 33 summary: Although we know a great deal more about the diversity and evolution of RNA viruses than we did before the start of this millennium, it is also apparent that we are only just starting to scratch the surface of their true biodiversity and evolution of vertebrate RNA viruses. A successful application of meta-transcriptomics to pathogen discovery from both arthropods and vertebrates, and documented the first evidence of hepcivirus in sharks Evolution of hantaviruses: co-speciation with reservoir hosts for more than 100 MYR Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruseslessons from bats and birds Cross-species transmission in the speciation of the currently known murinae-associated hantaviruses Migration of Norway rats resulted in the worldwide distribution of Seoul hantavirus today Extensive diversity of coronaviruses in bats from China Comparative analysis estimates the relative frequencies of co-divergence and cross-species transmission within viral families Reveals that 'host-jumping' plays an important role in shaping virus macroevolution Endogenous nonretroviral RNA virus elements in mammalian genomes Filoviruses are ancient and integrated into mammalian genomes A tick-borne segmented RNA virus contains genome segments derived from unsegmented viral ancestors Backbone of RNA viruses uncovered This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 81861138003, 81672057) and the Special National Project on Research and Development of Key Biosafety Technologies (2016YFC1201900, 2016YFC1200101). keywords: diversity; evolution; fish; hosts; rna; vertebrate; viruses cache: cord-257652-ndt8f812.txt plain text: cord-257652-ndt8f812.txt item: #420 of 1203 id: cord-257665-12gyrmh2 author: Liu, Shan-Lu title: Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus date: 2020-01-22 words: 790 flesch: 48 summary: key: cord-257665-12gyrmh2 authors: Liu, Shan-Lu; Saif, Linda title: Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus date: 2020-01-22 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12020130 sha: doc_id: 257665 cord_uid: 12gyrmh2 The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least six lives as of January 22 and infected hundreds if not thousands of individuals. We anticipate that scientific data and reagents will be shared publicly and fairly, and most importantly, that the scientific collaborations between the US and China, including the study of emerging viruses and infectious diseases, will continue unabated despite some turmoil in other aspects of the US-China relationship. keywords: coronavirus; virus cache: cord-257665-12gyrmh2.txt plain text: cord-257665-12gyrmh2.txt item: #421 of 1203 id: cord-258027-f3rr5el1 author: Østby, Anne‐Cathrine title: Respiratory virology and microbiology in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study date: 2013-05-18 words: 5260 flesch: 33 summary: In conclusion, respiratory viruses were frequently detected in the patients. The investigated clinical and paraclinical parameters were not different in viral infections compared to other agents, thus respiratory viruses likely have similar impact on the clinical course as other agents. keywords: bacteria; icu; influenza; patients; results; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt plain text: cord-258027-f3rr5el1.txt item: #422 of 1203 id: cord-258333-jmk8hdk2 author: Sivier, V title: Place des viroses respiratoires dans les hyperthermies de sujets âgés hospitalisés au cours d’une saison hivernale date: 2001-12-10 words: 2658 flesch: 46 summary: L'étude a porté sur 503 sujets répartis en 176 sujets (35 %) dans le service de court séjour de 29 lits (neuf chambres seules et dix chambres à deux lits), 79 sujets (16 %) dans un service de moyen séjour à orientation rééducation de 29 lits (sept chambres seules, huit chambres à deux lits et deux chambres L'épidémie nosocomiale de virus respiratoire syncytial est survenue dans un service de long séjour avec des locaux communs et exigus, chez des patients porteurs de multiples maladies et souvent déments. keywords: dans; des; infections; les; patients; respiratoire; syncytial; une; virus; été cache: cord-258333-jmk8hdk2.txt plain text: cord-258333-jmk8hdk2.txt item: #423 of 1203 id: cord-258389-1u05w7r4 author: Verma, Anju title: Animal tissue culture principles and applications date: 2020-06-26 words: 12099 flesch: 45 summary: Cell culture is the process by which human, animal, or insect cells are grown in a favorable artificial environment. The cultures were originally created to study the development of cell cultures and normal physiological events such as nerve development. keywords: animal; animal cell; cell; cell culture; cell lines; culture; development; factors; gene; growth; human; lines; media; medium; number; phase; production; protein; serum; system; tissue; type; vaccine; virus; vivo cache: cord-258389-1u05w7r4.txt plain text: cord-258389-1u05w7r4.txt item: #424 of 1203 id: cord-258489-pyfc7jde author: Lico, Chiara title: Viral vectors for production of recombinant proteins in plants date: 2008-03-10 words: 11098 flesch: 29 summary: The heat tolerant property of the lichenase (658C) allows easy target proteins purification by heat treatment which precipitates up to 50% of contaminating plant proteins. The third strategy relies on replicating plant viruses. keywords: antibody; antigen; cell; development; et al; expression; gene; host; mosaic; peptide; plant; production; proteins; purification; systems; target; tissue; tmv; tobacco; transgenic; vaccine; vector; virus; viruses cache: cord-258489-pyfc7jde.txt plain text: cord-258489-pyfc7jde.txt item: #425 of 1203 id: cord-258626-p469ysi8 author: Davis-Wurzler, Gina M. title: 2013 Update on Current Vaccination Strategies in Puppies and Kittens date: 2014-02-26 words: 10941 flesch: 38 summary: Assignment of vaccine products (which are considered biological agents, not drugs, and are therefore assessed and approved under the United States Department of Agriculture [USDA] Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service rather than the Food and Drug Administration) into these categories is based on how the product is created. The goal is to reach the highest level of overall animal health with the minimum number of adverse events, based on scientific and epidemiologic merit. Immunity in the fetus and newborn AAFP Feline Vaccination Advisory Panel report American Animal Hospital Association Canine Vaccination Task Force The defense of the body Cells and their response to antigen AVMA Council on Biologic and Therapeutic Agents' report on cat and dog vaccines Vaccines & vaccinations: guidelines vs. reality Vaccines and vaccinations: the strategic issues Infectious diseases of the dog and cat Vaccines and their production Multicenter case-control study of risk factors associated with development of vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats The use of vaccines Canine viral diseases Canine vaccination Vaccination of puppies born to immune dams with a canine adenovirus-based vaccine protects against a canine distemper virus challenge Vaccination against canine distemper virus infection in infant ferrets with and without maternal antibody protection using recombinant attenuated poxvirus vaccines Quedgeley (Gloucester): British Small Animal Veterinary Association Infectious canine hepatitis and canine acidophil cell hepatitis Infectious diseases of the dog and cat Seroconversion of puppies to canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus: a comparison of two combination vaccines Canine parvovirus (CPV) vaccination: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses in pups after inoculation with CPV2 or CPV2b modified live virus vaccine Evaluation of the efficacy and duration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulent parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges Duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians. keywords: animal; antibody; canine; cats; disease; feline; infection; kittens; product; puppies; risk; use; vaccination; vaccine; virus; weeks cache: cord-258626-p469ysi8.txt plain text: cord-258626-p469ysi8.txt item: #426 of 1203 id: cord-258783-ev0h95b9 author: Kapil, Sanjay title: Canine Distemper Spillover in Domestic Dogs from Urban Wildlife date: 2011-11-30 words: 7347 flesch: 35 summary: A multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of wild-type and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) for diagnosis of natural infection with canine distemper virus Genotyping canine distemper virus (CDV) by a hemi-nested multiplex PCR provides a rapid approach for investigation of CDV outbreaks Vaccination of dogs with modified distemper virus Broadly reactive pan-paramyxovirus reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis for the detection of canine distemper virus in a case of canine meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology American Animal Hospital Association Canine Vaccine Task Force Distempter vaccination of dogs: factors which could cause vaccine failure Age and long-term protective immunity in dogs and cats Three-year duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine Three-year duration of immunity in dogs vaccinated with a canarypox-vectored recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine Effect of vaccination with recombinant canine distemper virus vaccine immediately before exposure under shelter-like conditions Canine parvovirus potentiates canine distemper encephalitis attributable to modified live-virus vaccine Control of canine distemper Comparative analyses of canine distemper viral isolates from clinical cases of canine distemper in vaccinated dogs Heterogeneity within the hemagglutinin genes of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains detected in Italy Epidemiological observations on recent outbreaks of canine distemper in Tokyo area Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain 007Lm, a new isolate in dogs Identification of a genetic variant of canine distemper virus from clinical cases in two vaccinated dogs in Mexico Phylogenetic characterization of canine distemper viruses detected in naturally infected dogs in North America The identification of frequent variations in the fusion protein of canine distemper virus Canine distemper viruses expressing a hemagglutinin without N-glycans lose virulence but retain immunosuppression Inactivation of viruses by benzalkonium chloride Inactivation of laboratory animal RNA-viruses by physicochemical treatment Canine distemper virus: the emergence of new variants Identification of a new genotype of canine distemper virus circulating in America Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of current wild-type canine distemper viruses from South Africa: lineage Africa Detection by RT-PCR and genetic characterization of canine distemper virus from vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs in Argentina Dog distemper: imported into Europe from South America Pathogen evolution and disease emergence in carnivores Cross-species recombination in the haemagglutinin gene of canine distemper virus A distinct CDV genotype causing a major epidemic in Alpine wildlife Emergence of canine distemper in Bavarian wildlife associated with a specific amino acid exchange in the haemagglutinin protein The evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of the paramyxoviridae Genetically distant American canine distemper virus lineages have recently caused epizootics with somewhat different characteristics in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the USA Canine distemper outbreak in Rhesus monkeys Natural infection with canine distemper virus in a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) Nearby clusters of hemagglutinin residues sustain slam-dependent canine distemper virus entry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells Identification of key residues in virulent canine distemper virus hemagglutinin that control CD150/SLAM-binding activity In vitro canine distemper virus infection of canine lymphoid cells: a prelude to oncolytic therapy for lymphoma Host range and receptor utilization of canine distemper virus analyzed by recombinant viruses: Involvement of heparin-like molecule in CDV infection Lymphocyte-mediated immune cytotoxicity in dogs infected with virulent canine distemper virus Pathogenesis and immunopathology of systemic and nervous canine distemper Morbilliviruses use signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (CD150) as cellular receptors Efficient isolation of wild strains of canine distemper viruses in Vero cell expressing canine SLAM (CD150) and their adaptability to marmoset B95a cells Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against four structural components of canine distemper virus Antigenic differences in the H proteins of canine distemper viruses USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics. keywords: animals; canine; cdv; disease; distemper; dogs; infection; populations; species; states; strains; united; vaccination; vaccine; virus; wildlife cache: cord-258783-ev0h95b9.txt plain text: cord-258783-ev0h95b9.txt item: #427 of 1203 id: cord-259233-smmhhroe author: de Armas‐Rillo, Laura title: Membrane dynamics associated with viral infection date: 2016-01-28 words: 7119 flesch: 35 summary: ASFVs are thought to reorganize cell membranes through viral proteins that contain a KDE motif, inducing the redistribution of ERassociated proteins [88] and the viral p54 protein. Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus replication Viruses and endosome membrane dynamics When autophagy meets viruses: a double-edged sword with functions in defense and offense Viral infection: moving through complex and dynamic cell-membrane structures How to get out: ssRNA enveloped viruses and membrane fission Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation A guide to viral inclusions, membrane rearrangements, factories, and viroplasm produced during virus replication. keywords: assembly; autophagy; budding; cell; complex; escrt; figure; formation; infection; membrane; proteins; replication; rna; vesicles; virus; viruses cache: cord-259233-smmhhroe.txt plain text: cord-259233-smmhhroe.txt item: #428 of 1203 id: cord-259235-p0yj9qug author: de Lamballerie, Xavier title: Diagnostic et traitement des viroses émergentes : comment aller de l’avant ? date: 2016-12-31 words: 1634 flesch: 43 summary: Son usage en virologie a été proposé pour un très grand nombre de pathogènes viraux (parmi lesquels: virus de l'immunodéficience humaine, cytomégalovirus, virus Ebola, de la grippe, des hépatites A et B, Junin, de la rougeole, des oreillons, parvovirus B19, virus de la polio, de la rage, virus respiratoire syncytial, virus de la rubéole, de la vaccine) À titre d'exemple, le seul arbovirus dont la circulation avait été prouvée en République du Congo jusqu'à une période récente était le virus de la fièvre jaune, alors qu'une simple étude de séroprévalence a permis de préciser l'importance de la circulation de la dengue, du chikungunya, de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, de la fièvre de West Nile (Dr. Nanikaly Moyen, données personnelles Un cas particulier de thérapeutique antivirale applicable aux infections émergentes et ré-émergentes est constitué par la sérothérapie au sens large qui inclut l'usage d'immunoglobulines humaines ou animales (ces dernières pouvant être « humanisées ») monoclonales ou polyclonales [19] . keywords: dans; des; les; pour; virus cache: cord-259235-p0yj9qug.txt plain text: cord-259235-p0yj9qug.txt item: #429 of 1203 id: cord-259260-qcfgigga author: Ibrahim, Ibrahim M. title: GRP78: A cell's response to stress date: 2019-06-01 words: 6852 flesch: 47 summary: The interplay between GRP78 expression and Akt activation in human colon cancer cells under celecoxib treatment Pten null prostate tumorigenesis and AKT activation are blocked by targeted knockout of ER chaperone GRP78/BiP in prostate epithelium Impact of prognostic factors on survival rates in patients with ovarian carcinoma, Asian Pac The emerging role of anti-angiogenic therapy in ovarian cancer De-regulation of GRP stress protein expression in human breast cancer cell lines Involvement of GRP78 in the resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells to paclitaxel, Asian Pac Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis Cancer statistics Targeting GRP78 to enhance melanoma cell death Rethinking ovarian cancer: recommendations for improving outcomes Chronic Exposure of Cisplatin Induces GRP78 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Kringle 5 of human plasminogen induces apoptosis of endothelial and tumor cells through surface-expressed glucose-regulated protein 78 Outcomes following resection of pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer Elevated GRP78 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer GRP78 promotes the invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by FAK and JNK Integrins in cell migration-the actin connection Curcumin suppresses metastasis via Sp-1, FAK inhibition, and Ecadherin upregulation in colorectal cancer Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) regulates colon cancer metastasis through EMT biomarkers and the NRF-2/HO-1 pathway Overexpression of glucose-regulated protein 78 in colon cancer GRP78 knockdown enhances apoptosis via the down-regulation of oxidative stress and Akt pathway after epirubicin treatment in colon cancer DLD-1 cells Colon cancer cells expressing cell surface GRP78 as a marker for reduced tumorigenicity Cell-surface GRP78 facilitates colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion The survival rates of the GRP78 siRNA treated group is significantly lower than the other two groups which indicate the higher sensitivity of the treated group to paclitaxel treatment after the inhibition of GRP78 protein [97] . keywords: apoptosis; binding; cancer; cell; entry; expression; glucose; grp78; human; increase; infection; protein; receptor; role; stress; surface; virus cache: cord-259260-qcfgigga.txt plain text: cord-259260-qcfgigga.txt item: #430 of 1203 id: cord-259458-o2yts5pq author: O’Grady, Kerry‐Ann F. title: Successful application of a simple specimen transport method for the conduct of respiratory virus surveillance in remote Indigenous communities in Australia date: 2011-03-21 words: 3642 flesch: 40 summary: A novel gel-based method for self-collection and ambient temperature postal transport of urine for PCR detection of Chlamydia trachomatis Human coronavirus infections in rural Thailand: a comprehensive study using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays Comparison of nasopharyngeal nylon flocked swabs with universal transport medium and rayon-bud swabs with a sponge reservoir of viral transport medium in the diagnosis of paediatric influenza Real-time RT-PCR detection of 12 respiratory viral infections in four triplex reactions Quantitative stability of DNA after extended storage of clinical specimens as determined by real-time PCR Parent-collected respiratory specimens-a novel method for respiratory virus and vaccine efficacy research Comparing nose-throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children with symptoms for respiratory virus identification using real-time polymerase chain reaction Bacterial colonization of the nasopharynx predicts very early onset and persistence of otitis media in Australian aboriginal infants Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses Detection of multiple respiratory pathogens during primary respiratory infection: nasal swab versus nasopharyngeal aspirate using realtime polymerase chain reaction Otitis media in young Aboriginal children from remote communities in Northern and Central Australia: a cross-sectional survey Hospitalisation of Indigenous children in the Northern Territory for lower respiratory illness in the first year of life Comparison of nasopharyngeal aspirate and nasal swab specimens for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in different settings in a developing country Detection of human bocavirus in respiratory, fecal, and blood samples by real-time PCR Hospital-based case-control study of bronchiectasis in indigenous children in Central Australia Detection of novel influenza A(H1N1) virus by real-time RT-PCR Neisseria gonorrhoea multi-antigen sequence typing using non-cultured clinical specimens A quantification of human cells using an ERV-3 real time PCR assay Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, Level 4, Foundation Building, Royal Children's Hospital We thank the staff, residents and Health Council of the community in which this study was conducted. Combined with sensitive molecular techniques, this approach will help us understand the epidemiology of respiratory viruses and bacteria in remote locations, where recurrent infections and persistent carriage may result in chronic lung disease. keywords: clinic; mean; pcr; specimens; study; time; transport; virus; viruses cache: cord-259458-o2yts5pq.txt plain text: cord-259458-o2yts5pq.txt item: #431 of 1203 id: cord-259505-7hiss0j3 author: Kong, Qingming title: Proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles date: 2010-06-09 words: 6930 flesch: 38 summary: + signalling to membrane dynamics Intracellular and extracellular roles of S100 proteins S100-annexin complexes: some insights from structural studies Recruitment of Hsp70 chaperones: a crucial part of viral survival strategies Synthesis and quality control of viral membrane proteins Association of HSP70 with the adenovirus type 5 fiber protein in infected HEp-2 cells Association of heat shock protein 70 with enterovirus capsid precursor P1 in infected human cells Vaccinia virus infection induces a stress response that leads to association of Hsp70 with viral proteins Increased expression of Hsp70 and co-localization with nuclear protein in cells infected with the Hantaan virus Uncoating ATPase is a member of the 70 kilodalton family of stress proteins Hsp90 is required for the activity of a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase Two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE analysis reveals heat shock protein chaperone machinery involved in hepatitis B virus production in HepG2.2.15 cells Selective inhibition of virus protein synthesis by prostaglandin A1: a translational block associated with HSP70 synthesis Evolutionary constraints on chaperone-mediated folding provide an antiviral approach refractory to development of drug resistance Molecular chaperone Hsp90 is important for vaccinia virus growth in cells Hsp90 inhibitors suppress HCV replication in replicon cells and humanized liver mice Hepatitis C virus RNA replication is regulated by FKBP8 and Hsp90 The cellular chaperone heat shock protein 90 facilitates Flock House virus RNA replication in Drosophila cells Identification of Hsp90 as a stimulatory host factor involved in influenza virus RNA synthesis Involvement of Hsp90 in assembly and nuclear import of influenza virus RNA polymerase subunits Antiviral activity and RNA polymerase degradation following Hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase requires the mammalian chaperone hsp90 for proper localization to the nucleus Development and application of Hsp90 inhibitors Enhanced association of mutant triosephosphate isomerase to red cell membranes and to brain microtubules A glycolytic enzyme binding domain on tubulin Glycolytic enzyme-tubulin interactions: role of tubulin carboxy terminals Enolase, a cellular glycolytic enzyme, is required for efficient transcription of Sendai virus genome Specific interaction in vitro and in vivo of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and LA protein with cis-acting RNAs of human parainfluenza virus type 3 Human hepatic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase binds to the poly(U) tract of the 3' noncoding region of hepatitis C virus genomic RNA Identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a cellular protein that binds to the hepatitis B virus posttranscriptional regulatory element Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) interaction with 3' ends of Japanese encephalitis virus RNA and colocalization with the viral NS5 protein Functional significance of the interaction of hepatitis A virus RNA with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH): opposing effects of GAPDH and polypyrimidine tract binding protein on internal ribosome entry site function Specific phosphorylated forms of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase associate with human parainfluenza virus type 3 and inhibit viral transcription in vitro Specific binding of ApoA-I, enhanced cholesterol efflux, and altered plasma membrane morphology in cells expressing ABC1 Apolipoprotein A-I activates Cdc42 signaling through the ABCA1 transporter Apolipoprotein A-I and its amphipathic helix peptide analogues inhibit human immunodeficiency virus-induced syncytium formation Immunoprecipitation, with an antiserum to ovalbumin, of protein NP from influenza A virus and of glycoprotein C from the herpes simplex type I virus Identification and characterization of tenp, a gene transiently expressed before overt cell differentiation during neurogenesis A modified silver staining protocol for visualization of proteins compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry Proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles Proteome Science The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus Envelope glycoprotein interactions in coronavirus assembly Characterization of the coronavirus M protein and nucleocapsid interaction in infected cells Coronavirus spike protein inhibits host cell translation by interaction with eIF3f Interaction of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus membrane protein with betaactin and its implication in virion assembly and budding Induction of apoptosis in murine coronavirusinfected 17Cl-1 cells Induction of apoptosis in murine coronavirus-infected cultured cells and demonstration of E protein as an apoptosis inducer Host and viral proteins in the virion of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Virion proteins of Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus A mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach to study Marek's Disease Virus gene expression Proteins of purified Epstein-Barr virus Identification of proteins in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) particles: the HCMV proteome Identification of proteins associated with murine cytomegalovirus virions Vaccinia virus proteome: identification of proteins in vaccinia virus intracellular mature virion particles Krijnse Locker J: Identification of the major membrane and core proteins of vaccinia virus by two-dimensional electrophoresis Protein composition of the vaccinia virus mature virion Specific incorporation of heat shock protein 70 family members into primate lentiviral virions Cellular proteins bound to immunodeficiency viruses: implications for pathogenesis and vaccines Proteomic and biochemical analysis of purified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 produced from infected monocyte-derived macrophages Proteomic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry effectively distinguishes specific incorporated host proteins Identification of host proteins associated with retroviral vector particles by proteomic analysis of highly purified vector preparations Immunochemical identification of viral and nonviral proteins of the respiratory syncytial virus virion Identification of cellular interaction partners of the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complex and polymerase complex using proteomic-based approaches Cellular proteins in influenza virus particles Polypeptides of the surface projections and the ribonucleoprotein of avian infectious bronchitis virus Proteomic analysis of SARS associated coronavirus using two-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and onedimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectroemtric analysis Plunder and stowaways: incorporation of cellular proteins by enveloped viruses Viral proteomics Interaction of epithelial ion channels with the actin-based cytoskeleton keywords: actin; analysis; annexin; bronchitis; gel; host; hsp90; ibv; particles; proteins; replication; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-259505-7hiss0j3.txt plain text: cord-259505-7hiss0j3.txt item: #432 of 1203 id: cord-259627-8stewshp author: Huang, Qing title: Inactivation of dengue virus by methylene blue/narrow bandwidth light system date: 2004-12-02 words: 2692 flesch: 42 summary: Results showed that the concentration of MB working solution, illumination intensity of light source, illumination distance and time were four key factors affecting efficiency of virus inactivation using the MB/narrow bandwidth light system. Photodynamic technologies (or photochemical methods) have been proven to be appealing methods for virus inactivation in blood banking applications. keywords: illumination; inactivation; light; system; virus cache: cord-259627-8stewshp.txt plain text: cord-259627-8stewshp.txt item: #433 of 1203 id: cord-259927-xh9cw9ao author: Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. title: Promising approaches for the treatment and prevention of viral respiratory illnesses date: 2017-07-21 words: 7351 flesch: 24 summary: A viruses Hemagglutinin-stem nanoparticles generate heterosubtypic influenza protection Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies Layer-by-layer nanoparticle vaccines carrying the G protein CX3C motif protect against RSV infection and disease Eleven years of Inflexal V-a virosomal adjuvanted influenza vaccine Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccines: a review AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial M2e-based universal influenza A vaccine Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development Comparison of a novel microcrystalline tyrosine adjuvant with aluminium hydroxide for enhancing vaccination against seasonal influenza Matrix M H5N1 vaccine induces cross-H5 clade humoral immune responses in a randomized clinical trial and provides protection from highly pathogenic influenza challenge in ferrets Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant M2e-flagellin influenza vaccine (STF2.4xM2e) in healthy adults Chitosan-a versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response Development of an intradermal DNA vaccine delivery strategy to achieve single-dose immunity against respiratory syncytial virus Modified mRNA vaccines protect against Zika virus infection DNA and RNA-based vaccines: principles, progress and prospects Replicon RNA viral vectors as vaccines Transforming growth factor-beta promotes rhinovirus replication in bronchial epithelial cells by suppressing the innate immune response Efficacy and safety of high-dose influenza vaccine in elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis Effectiveness of MF59-adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccine in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-reactivity of antibodies induced by oil-in-water emulsion adjuvanted influenza H5N1 virus monovalent vaccines Preclinical pharmacokinetics of MHAA4549A, a human monoclonal antibody to influenza A virus, and the prediction of its efficacious clinical dose for the treatment of patients hospitalized with influenza A Efficacy and safety of treatment with an anti-m2e monoclonal antibody in experimental human influenza Safety and upper respiratory pharmacokinetics of the hemagglutinin stalk-binding antibody VIS410 support treatment and prophylaxis based on population modeling of seasonal influenza A outbreaks Priming by a novel universal influenza vaccine (Multimeric-001)-a gateway for improving immune response in the elderly population A highly potent extended half-life antibody as a potential RSV vaccine surrogate for all infants Safety and immunogenicity of a Sf9 insect cell-derived respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein nanoparticle vaccine Immunogenicity and safety of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein (RSV F) nanoparticle vaccine in older adults Evaluation of the immunogenicity and safety of different doses and formulations of a broad spectrum influenza vaccine (FLU-v) developed by SEEK: study protocol for a single-center, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical phase IIb trial Caparr os-Wanderley W. Synthetic Influenza vaccine (FLU-v) stimulates cell mediated immunity in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial A synthetic influenza virus vaccine induces a cellular immune response that correlates with reduction in symptomatology and virus shedding in a randomized phase Ib live-virus challenge in humans A T cell-inducing influenza vaccine for the elderly: safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP1M1 in adults aged over 50 years A Phase IIA study to assess the safety and efficacy of a new influenza candidate vaccine MVA-NP1M1 in healthy adults-Flu002 Clinical Study Report Evaluating the immunogenicity and safety of a BiondVax-developed universal influenza vaccine (Multimeric-001) either as a standalone vaccine or as a primer to H5N1 influenza vaccine Back to the future: immunization with M-001 prior to trivalent influenza vaccine in 2011/12 enhanced protective immune responses against 2014/15 epidemic strain Safety and immunogenicity of multimeric-001-a novel universal influenza vaccine Implication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F transgene sequence heterogeneity observed in Phase 1 evaluation of MEDI-534, a live attenuated parainfluenza type 3 vectored RSV vaccine Phase-I study MEDI-534, of a live, attenuated intranasal vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus in seropositive children A randomized, blinded, controlled, dose-ranging study of a respiratory syncytial virus recombinant fusion (F) nanoparticle vaccine in healthy women of childbearing age Efficacy of motavizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus disease in healthy Native American infants: a phase 3 randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial Motavizumab for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children: a noninferiority trial Trivalency of a nanobody specific for the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein drastically enhances virus neutralization and impacts escape mutant selection Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a new 10% liquid intravenous immunoglobulin containing high titer neutralizing antibody to RSV and other respiratory viruses in subjects with primary immunodeficiency disease Treatment with novel RSV Ig RI-002 controls viral replication and reduces pulmonary damage in immunocompromised Sigmodon hispidus Structural and functional bases for broad-spectrum neutralization of avian and human influenza A viruses Broadly cross-reactive antibodies dominate the human B cell response against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses Human antibodies reveal a protective epitope that is highly conserved among human and nonhuman influenza A viruses Tackling influenza with broadly neutralizing antibodies Influenza virus vaccine based on the conserved hemagglutinin stalk domain Chimeric hemagglutinin influenza virus vaccine constructs elicit broadly protective stalk-specific antibodies Chimeric hemagglutinin constructs induce broad protection against influenza B virus challenge in the mouse model Epitope specificity plays a critical role in regulating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against influenza A virus Influenza vaccine research funded by the European Commission FP7-Health-2013-Innovation-1 project Antibodies to watch in 2017 Protective efficacy and immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector vaccine encoding the codon-optimized F protein of respiratory syncytial virus Immunogenicity of RSV F DNA vaccine in BALB/c Mice RSV fusion (F) protein DNA vaccine provides partial protection against viral infection Chimeric virus-like particles containing a conserved region of the G protein in combination with a single peptide of the M2 protein confer protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection Baculovirus-expressed virus-like particle vaccine in combination with DNA encoding the fusion protein confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus Co-immunization with virus-like particle and DNA vaccines induces protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection and bronchiolitis Respiratory syncytial virus: infection, detection, and new options for prevention and treatment Immunogenicity and efficacy of codon optimized DNA vaccines encoding the F-protein of respiratory syncytial virus Mucosal vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus Prevention of colds by vaccination against a rhinovirus: a report by the scientific committee on common cold vaccines Challenges in developing a cross-serotype rhinovirus vaccine Misdirected antibody responses against an N-terminal epitope on human rhinovirus VP1 as explanation for recurrent RV infections Wide-scale prevention through immunization appears to be within reach for respiratory syncytial virus and promising for influenza virus, whereas additional effort is needed in regard to rhinovirus, as well as other respiratory tract viruses. keywords: antiviral; asthma; human; ifv; immune; infection; influenza; novel; patients; prevention; rhinovirus; rna; rsv; safety; tract; treatment; trial; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt plain text: cord-259927-xh9cw9ao.txt item: #434 of 1203 id: cord-260014-q5sug7uu author: Szűcs, Zsolt title: Reprogramming of the Antibacterial Drug Vancomycin Results in Potent Antiviral Agents Devoid of Antibacterial Activity date: 2020-06-29 words: 5215 flesch: 45 summary: Viruses Emerging antiviral strategies to interfere with influenza virus entry Antiviral therapies on the horizon for influenza Advancements in host-based interventions for influenza treatment Fighting viruses with antibiotics: An overlooked path Drug repurposing approaches for the treatment of influenza viral infection: Reviving old drugs to fight against a long-lived enemy Teicoplanin inhibits Ebola pseudovirus infection in cell culture Glycopeptide antibiotics potently inhibit cathepsin L in the late endosome/lysosome and block the entry of Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Antiretroviral activity of semisynthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics Polycyclic peptide and glycopeptide antibiotics and their derivatives as inhibitors of HIV entry Inhibition of feline (FIPV) and human (SARS) coronavirus by semisynthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by semi-synthetic derivatives of glycopeptide antibiotics An analogue of the antibiotic teicoplanin prevents Flavivirus entry in vitro Anti-influenza virus activity and structure-activity relationship of aglycoristocetin derivatives with cyclobutenedione carrying hydrophobic chains Intracytoplasmic trapping of influenza virus by a lipophilic derivative of aglycoristocetin Diazo transfer-click reaction route to new, lipophilic teicoplanin and ristocetin aglycon derivatives with high antibacterial and anti-influenza virus activity: An aggregation and receptor binding study Synthesis of fluorescent ristocetin aglycone derivatives with remarkable antibacterial and antiviral activities Synthesis of isoindole and benzoisoindole derivatives of teicoplanin pseudoaglycone with remarkable antibacterial and antiviral activities A few atoms make the difference: Synthetic, CD, NMR and computational studies on antiviral and antibacterial activities of glycopeptide antibiotic aglycone derivatives Semisynthetic teicoplanin derivatives as new influenza virus binding inhibitors: Synthesis and antiviral studies Synthesis and biological evaluation of lipophilic teicoplanin pseudoaglycone derivatives containing a substituted triazole function Structure-activity relationship studies of lipophilic teicoplanin pseudoaglycon derivatives as new anti-influenza virus agents Structure-activity relationship studies of a series of antiviral and antibacterial aglycon derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin, eremomycin, and dechloroeremomycin Structural modifications of the active site in teicoplanin and related glycopeptides. Hence, we established, by virus yield assays, that compound 6 suppresses the replication of influenza virus and coronavirus, and for the other viruses, activity was indicated by the protection against viral CPE. keywords: activity; antiviral; compound; derivative; influenza; mmol; reaction; table; teicoplanin; virus cache: cord-260014-q5sug7uu.txt plain text: cord-260014-q5sug7uu.txt item: #435 of 1203 id: cord-260147-w19hl2vs author: Gröner, Albrecht title: Effective inactivation of a wide range of viruses by pasteurization date: 2017-11-16 words: 4289 flesch: 26 summary: For each manufacturing process, the robustness of the pasteurization step for virus inactivation was evaluated in two ways: 1) by demonstrating the susceptibility of a diverse variety of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses to the heat treatment procedure and 2) by demonstration of virus reduction under conditions set at or outside the limits of the manufacturing process where virus inactivation kinetics and log reduction could theoretically be impeded (lower temperature and/or higher stabilizer concentration). The efficacy of virus inactivation by pasteurization was investigated in virus validation studies performed according to the regulatory guidelines. keywords: heat; inactivation; log; manufacturing; pasteurization; plasma; product; studies; virus; viruses cache: cord-260147-w19hl2vs.txt plain text: cord-260147-w19hl2vs.txt item: #436 of 1203 id: cord-260168-rb7j94dh author: Gu, Jiang title: H5N1 infection of the respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study date: 2007-09-27 words: 6314 flesch: 46 summary: Our comprehensive investigation of the tissue tropism of H5N1 infl uenza virus, based on two adult autopsies and one fetal autopsy, focuses on the localisation of viral genomic sequences and antigens. In cultures of human tracheobronchial epithelial cells, H5N1 infl uenza viruses have been reported to infect mainly ciliated cells, which express mainly avian infl uenza virus receptors (α-2,3-linked sialic acids), although a limited number of non-ciliated cells (<20% of all infected cells) have also been reported to be infected. keywords: cells; gure; h5n1; human; hybridisation; infl; patient; pcr; rna; situ; uenza; virus cache: cord-260168-rb7j94dh.txt plain text: cord-260168-rb7j94dh.txt item: #437 of 1203 id: cord-260420-4s7akmdp author: Mubareka, Samira title: Bioaerosols and Transmission, a Diverse and Growing Community of Practice date: 2019-02-21 words: 4022 flesch: 17 summary: Ongoing research has also facilitated the development and dissemination of procedures and protocols for experimental work, including artificial aerosols, as well as animal models of transmission including the ferret model for influenza virus transmission and macaque model for Ebola virus transmission (34, 35) . The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents Exposure to influenza virus aerosols during routine patient care Influenza aerosols in UK hospitals during the H1N1 (2009) pandemicthe risk of aerosol generation during medical procedures Human viral pathogens are pervasive in wastewater treatment center aerosols Respiratory performance offered by N95 respirators and surgical masks: human subject evaluation with NaCl aerosol representing bacterial and viral particle size range Comparison of aerosol and bioaerosol collection on air filters Water and air ozone treatment as an alternative sanitizing technology Effect of different disinfectants on bacterial aerosol diversity in poultry houses Drivers of airborne human-to-human pathogen transmission Challenge of liquid stressed protective materials and environmental persistence of ebola virus. keywords: air; animal; bioaerosols; health; human; pathogens; potential; research; risk; sampling; transmission; virus cache: cord-260420-4s7akmdp.txt plain text: cord-260420-4s7akmdp.txt item: #438 of 1203 id: cord-260472-xvvfguht author: Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. title: Antimicrobial strategies: An option to treat allergy? date: 2007-01-31 words: 5112 flesch: 20 summary: Effects on cell differentials and soluble markers in sputum in asthmatic subjects Rhinovirus replication in human macrophages induces NF-kappaB-dependent tumor necrosis factor alpha production Rhinovirus infection induces expression of its own receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) via increased NF-kappaB-mediated transcription Respiratory epithelial cell expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and its up-regulation by rhinovirus infection via NF-kappaB and GATA transcription factors Rhinovirus infection preferentially increases lower airway responsiveness in allergic subjects Duration of postviral airway hyperresponsiveness in children with asthma: effect of atopy The role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in the relationship between air pollution and asthma among children Effect of experimental rhinovirus 16 colds on airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine and interleukin-8 in nasal lavage in asthmatic subjects in vivo Rhinovirus inhalation causes long-lasting excessive airway narrowing in response to methacholine in asthmatic subjects in vivo Experimental rhinovirus 16 infection causes variable airway obstruction in subjects with atopic asthma Rhinovirus infection induces major histocompatibility complex class I and costimulatory molecule upregulation on respiratory epithelial cells Relationship of upper and lower airway cytokines to outcome of experimental rhinovirus infection Cytokines in asthma Asthmatic bronchial epithelial cells have a deficient innate immune response to infection with rhinovirus Expression of costimulatory molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic asthmatic children during virus-induced asthma exacerbations Lower airways inflammation during rhinovirus colds in normal and in asthmatic subjects Nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptors in respiratory syncytial virus-infected lungs The role of neural inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Neurotrophin overexpression in lower airways of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection A defective type 1 response to rhinovirus in atopic asthma Atopic phenotype in children is associated with decreased virus-induced interferon-alpha release Impaired virus-induced interferon-alpha2 release in adult asthmatic patients IL-4 and interferon-gamma production in children with atopic disease Rhinovirus-induced interferon-gamma and airway responsiveness in asthma Antigen-nonspecific recruitment of Th2 cells to the lung as a mechanism for viral infection-induced allergic asthma Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children Epidemiology of childhood asthma Are non-allergenic environmental factors important in asthma? Air pollution and infection in respiratory illness Nitrogen dioxide exposure: effects on airway and blood cells Synergism between rhinovirus infection and oxidant pollutant exposure enhances airway epithelial cell cytokine production Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children Synergism between allergens and viruses and risk of hospital admission with asthma: case-control study Presence of asthma risk factors and environmental exposures related to upper respiratory infection-triggered wheezing in middle school-age children Trial of roxithromycin in subjects with asthma and serological evidence of infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in asthma: effect of clarithromycin Immunomodulatory activity and effectiveness of macrolides in chronic airway disease Clinical implications of the immunomodulatory effects of macrolides Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin A reactivation and airway inflammation in acute asthma Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and asthma Chlamydia and apoptosis: life and death decisions of an intracellular pathogen The development of asthma in children infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae is dependent on the modifying effect of mannose-binding lectin The effect of telithromycin in acute exacerbations of asthma Vaccines, vaccination, and vaccinology Prophylaxis with palivizumab against respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with congenital heart diseasedwho should receive it? Immunopathology of RSV infection: prospects for developing vaccines without this complication Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 2005e2006 influenza season in the United States Antiviral resistance in influenza viruseseimplications for management and pandemic response Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility network position statement: antiviral resistance in influenza A/H5N1 viruses The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design Comparison of the efficacy and safety of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza vaccine, trivalent, with trivalent inactivated influenza virus vaccine in children and adolescents with asthma Estimating efficacy of trivalent, cold-adapted, influenza virus vaccine (CAIV-T) against influenza A (H1N1) and B using surveillance cultures Safety and efficacy of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in young children: a summary for the new era of routine vaccination Direct and total effectiveness of the intranasal, live-attenuated, trivalent cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine against the 2000e2001 influenza A(H1N1) and B epidemic in healthy children Randomised placebo-controlled crossover trial on effect of inactivated influenza vaccine on pulmonary function in asthma Influenza vaccination in children with asthma: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial IFN-lambdas mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex Prevention of rhinovirus colds by human interferon alpha-2 from Escherichia coli Efficacy and tolerance of intranasally applied recombinant leukocyte A interferon in normal volunteers Intranasal interferon alpha 2 for prevention of rhinovirus infection and illness Intranasal interferon-alpha 2 prophylaxis of natural respiratory virus infection Intranasal interferonalpha 2b for seasonal prophylaxis of respiratory infection Interferon-beta ser as prophylaxis against experimental rhinovirus infection in volunteers Tolerance and efficacy of intranasal administration of recombinant beta serine interferon in healthy adults Ineffectiveness of recombinant interferon-beta serine nasal drops for prophylaxis of natural colds Role of deficient type III interferon-lambda production in asthma exacerbations Comparative susceptibility of respiratory viruses to recombinant interferons-alpha 2b and -beta Combined antiviral and antimediator treatment of rhinovirus colds Corticosteroids inhibit rhinovirus-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation and promoter activation on respiratory epithelial cells Rhinovirus-induced airway inflammation in asthma: effect of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids before and during experimental infection A randomized controlled trial of glucocorticoid prophylaxis against experimental rhinovirus infection Doubling the dose of inhaled corticosteroid to prevent asthma exacerbations: randomised controlled trial Doubling the dose of budesonide versus maintenance treatment in asthma exacerbations Combination therapy: [124] can block pro-inflammatory mechanisms induced by virus infections in airway epithelial cells, although in vitro evidence has not been paralleled by convincing clinical data. keywords: airway; asthma; cells; children; chronic; exacerbations; infection; influenza; pneumoniae; rhinovirus; virus; viruses cache: cord-260472-xvvfguht.txt plain text: cord-260472-xvvfguht.txt item: #439 of 1203 id: cord-260496-s2ba7uy3 author: Moncany, Maurice L.J. title: Identification of conserved lentiviral sequences as landmarks of genomic flexibility date: 2006-08-08 words: 5998 flesch: 48 summary: A likelihood method for the detection of selection and recombination using nucleotide sequences In vivo characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 intersubtype recombination: determination of hot spots and correlation with sequence similarity A novel exploratory method for visual recombination detection Scanning the database for recombinant HIV-1 genomes Characterization of a highly replicative intergroup M/O human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombinant isolated from a Cameroonian patient Sequence variability of the integrase protein from a diverse collection of HIV type 1 isolates representing several subtypes High prevalence of diverse forms of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in Central Myanmar: geographical hot spot of extensive recombination Development and application of a highthroughput HIV type-1 genotyping assay to identify CRF02_AG in West/West Central Africa Stepwise detection of recombination breakpoints in sequence alignments Sequencing and comparison of yeast species to identify genes and regulatory elements Genetic characterization of the nef gene from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group M strains representing genetic subtypes A Precise mapping of recombination breakpoints suggests a common parent of two BC recombinant HIV type 1 strains circulating in China Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of HIV type 1 primary isolates from western Cameroon Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 recombination: rate, fidelity, and putative hot spots V118I substitution in the reverse transcriptase gene of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG strains infecting drug-naive individuals in Cameroon HIV type-1 circulating recombinant form CRF09_cpx from west Africa combines subtypes A, F, G, and may share ancestors with CRF02_AG and Z321 Isolation and characterization of a fulllength molecular DNA clone of Ghanaian HIV type 1 intersubtype A/G recombinant CRF02_AG, which is replication competent in a restricted host range Emergence of new forms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 intersubtype recombinants in central Myanmar Independent introduction of transmissible F/D recombinant HIV-1 from Africa into Belgium and The Netherlands Mother-to-child HIV type-1 transmission in Argentina: BF recombinants have predominated in infected children since the mid-1980s Identification of Ugandan HIV type-1 variants with unique patterns of recombination in pol involving subtypes A and D Evolution and diversity of HIV-1 in Africa -a review Prevalence and origin of HIV-1 group M subtypes among patients attending a Belgian hospital in 1999 Dual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and recombination in a dually exposed transfusion recipient. keywords: cls; clss; gag; gene; genomes; hiv; pol; recombination; sequences; type; viruses cache: cord-260496-s2ba7uy3.txt plain text: cord-260496-s2ba7uy3.txt item: #440 of 1203 id: cord-260554-nao59qx4 author: Wargo, Andrew R title: Viral fitness: definitions, measurement, and current insights date: 2012-09-15 words: 2900 flesch: 33 summary: key: cord-260554-nao59qx4 authors: Wargo, Andrew R; Kurath, Gael title: Viral fitness: definitions, measurement, and current insights date: 2012-09-15 journal: Curr Opin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2012.07.007 sha: doc_id: 260554 cord_uid: nao59qx4 Viral fitness is an active area of research, with recent work involving an expanded number of human, non-human vertebrate, invertebrate, plant, and bacterial viruses. Study topics include drug resistance, immune escape, viral emergence, host jumps, mutation effects, quasispecies diversity, and mathematical models of viral fitness. keywords: fitness; host; transmission; variants; virulence; virus; viruses; vivo; work cache: cord-260554-nao59qx4.txt plain text: cord-260554-nao59qx4.txt item: #441 of 1203 id: cord-260690-h5pjv2dw author: Druce, Julian title: Laboratory diagnosis and surveillance of human respiratory viruses by PCR in Victoria, Australia, 2002–2003 date: 2004-11-12 words: 3805 flesch: 38 summary: The availability of new classes of drugs active against both influenza A and B viruses , preclinical and clinical trials of drugs targeted at respiratory viruses other than influenza [Hayden et al., 2003; Cianci et al., 2004; Uckun et al., 2004] , and the potential for new vaccines [Power et al., 2001] has encouraged further a shorter diagnostic turnaround time for the detection of respiratory viruses. The results of a 2-year retrospective study of respiratory viruses in more than 4,200 specimens obtained from individuals living in Victoria, Australia are presented. keywords: influenza; patients; pcr; specimens; virus; viruses cache: cord-260690-h5pjv2dw.txt plain text: cord-260690-h5pjv2dw.txt item: #442 of 1203 id: cord-260705-huyyw5z6 author: Moshe, Adi title: Virus-Induced Aggregates in Infected Cells date: 2012-10-17 words: 5070 flesch: 35 summary: The role of aggregation in the context of a specific virus is often poorly understood, especially in the case of plant viruses. The same statement could be applied for virus-induced aggregation even though analogy between virus aggregates, JUNQ and/or IPOD has not been demonstrated. keywords: aggregates; bodies; cells; factories; infection; nuclear; plant; proteins; replication; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-260705-huyyw5z6.txt plain text: cord-260705-huyyw5z6.txt item: #443 of 1203 id: cord-260708-l9w5jhsw author: Lasecka, Lidia title: The molecular biology of nairoviruses, an emerging group of tick-borne arboviruses date: 2013-12-11 words: 10711 flesch: 38 summary: This genus includes a number of human and livestock pathogens, as well as a collection of other viruses about which little is known, not even the host in which they naturally circulate. Region 1, based on sequence similarity with other viruses, appears to be responsible for capsnatching endonuclease activity [52, 136, 189] ; however, this needs to be confirmed experimentally. keywords: binding; cchfv; cells; congo; conserved; crimean; domain; fever; fever virus; hemorrhagic; human; isg15; nairoviruses; protein; replication; rna; sequence; ubiquitin; virus cache: cord-260708-l9w5jhsw.txt plain text: cord-260708-l9w5jhsw.txt item: #444 of 1203 id: cord-260956-w6wxsg4p author: Dimitrov, Kiril M. title: Newcastle disease vaccines—A solved problem or a continuous challenge? date: 2017-07-31 words: 10568 flesch: 26 summary: Forty-Second Western Poultry Disease Conference Generation of recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus from cDNA Level of protection of chickens against highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza virus with Newcastle disease virus based live attenuated vector vaccine depends on homology of H5 sequence between vaccine and challenge virus Evolutionary changes affecting rapid diagnostic of 2008 Newcastle disease viruses isolated from double-crested cormorants Adjuvant potential of resiquimod with inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine and its mechanism of action in chicken Phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization of newcastle disease viruses circulating in west Africa and efficacy of a current vaccine Protective dose of a recombinant Newcastle disease LaSota-avian influenza virus H5 vaccine against H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus and velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease virus in broilers with high maternal antibody levels Back to the past: do vector vaccines represent the future? Practical aspects of poultry vaccination Efficacy of Newcastle disease virus recombinant expressing avian influenza virus H6 hemagglutinin against Newcastle disease and low pathogenic avian influenza in chickens and turkeys Autogenous vaccines: current use patterns and end users' needs in the integrated broiler industry Development of an effective polyvalent vaccine against both Marek's and Newcastle diseases based on recombinant Marek's disease virus type 1 in commercial chickens with maternal antibodies Expression of interferon gamma by a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus decreases its pathogenicity in chickens Expression of chicken interleukin-2 by a highly virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus leads to decreased systemic viral load but does not significantly affect mortality in chickens Pathologic characterization of genotypes XIV and XVII Newcastle disease viruses and efficacy of classical vaccination on specific pathogen-free birds Vaccines for List A poultry diseases: emphasis on avian influenza Efficacy of a recombinant fowl pox-based Newcastle disease virus vaccine candidate against velogenic and respiratory challenge Infectious bronchitis virus S2 expressed from recombinant virus confers broad protection against challenge Structural comparison of the cleavage-activation site of the fusion glycoprotein between virulent and avirulent strains of Newcasltle disease virus Effect of lipopolysaccharide on intranasal administration of liposomal Newcastle disease virus vaccine to SPF chickens Avian influenza in Mexico Stimulatory effect of CpG sequences on humoral response in chickens Development of a novel thermostable Newcastle disease virus vaccine vector for expression of a heterologous gene Comparative immune response from vaccinating chickens with lentogenic Newcastle disease virus strains Generation by reverse genetics of an effective, stable, live-attenuated newcastle disease virus vaccine based on a currently circulating, highly virulent Indonesian strain Protection by recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) expressing the glycoprotein (G) of avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) subtype A or B against challenge with virulent NDV and aMPV Vaccination with Newcastle disease vaccine and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induces specific immunity and protection against Newcastle disease virus in SPF chicken Enhancement of mucosal immune responses by intranasal co-delivery of Newcastle disease vaccine plus CpG oligonucleotide in SPF chickens in vivo Development of a Newcastle disease virus vector expressing a foreign gene through an internal ribosomal entry site provides direct proof for a sequential transcription mechanism Recombinant Newcastle disease virus as a viral vector: effect of genomic location of foreign gene on gene expression and virus replication Newcastle disease virus (NDV) recombinants expressing infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) glycoproteins gB and gD protect chickens against ILTV and NDV challenges Synthesis, characterization, and immune efficacy of layered double hydroxide@SiO2 nanoparticles with shell-core structure as a delivery carrier for Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine P and M gene junction is the optimal insertion site in Newcastle disease virus vaccine vector for foreign gene expression IgA response and protection following nasal vaccination of chickens with Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine nanoencapsulated with Ag@SiO2 hollow nanoparticles Biological evaluation of N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan as a carrier for the delivery of live Newcastle disease vaccine The authors gratefully acknowledge David Suarez for his useful comments on the manuscript. Live and inactivated vaccines compared Potency of a recombinant NDV-H5 vaccine against various HPAI H5N1 virus challenges in SPF chickens Field efficacy trial of a novel HVT-IBD vector vaccine for 1-day-old broilers Avian influenza vaccines against H5N1 'bird flu Recombinant infectious bursal disease virus expressing Newcastle disease virus (NDV) neutralizing epitope confers partial protection against virulent NDV challenge in chickens Generation by reverse genetics of an effective attenuated Newcastle disease virus vaccine based on a prevalent highly virulent Chinese strain Newcastle disease outbreaks in recent years in western Europe were caused by an old (VI) and a novel genotype (VII) Lights and shades on an historical vaccine canine distemper virus, the Rockborn strain Assembly and biological and immunological properties of Newcastle disease virus-like particles Control by vaccination Newcastle disease Antigenic differences among Newcastle disease virus strains of different genotypes used in vaccine formulation affect viral shedding after a virulent challenge Comparison of viral shedding following vaccination with inactivated and live Newcastle disease vaccines formulated with wild-type and recombinant viruses Effects of Newcastle disease virus vaccine antibodies on the shedding and transmission of challenge viruses Protection of chickens from Newcastle and Marek's diseases with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys vaccine expressing the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein Newcastle disease virus-like particles as a platform for the development of vaccines for human and agricultural pathogens Recombinant Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector Newcastle disease. keywords: birds; challenge; chickens; disease; disease virus; et al; gene; live; nd vaccines; ndv; newcastle; newcastle disease; poultry; recombinant; strains; vaccination; vaccines; vector; virulent; virus cache: cord-260956-w6wxsg4p.txt plain text: cord-260956-w6wxsg4p.txt item: #445 of 1203 id: cord-261160-g92zhv19 author: Rowland, Raymond R.R title: Lymphoid tissue tropism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication during persistent infection of pigs originally exposed to virus in utero date: 2003-10-30 words: 6389 flesch: 42 summary: A unique aspect of this study was the thorough analysis of virus replication in pig tissues during asymptomatic infection (Roman numeral III, Fig. 2 ). key: cord-261160-g92zhv19 authors: Rowland, Raymond R.R; Lawson, Steven; Rossow, Kurt; Benfield, David A title: Lymphoid tissue tropism of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication during persistent infection of pigs originally exposed to virus in utero date: 2003-10-30 journal: Vet Microbiol DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2003.07.006 sha: doc_id: 261160 cord_uid: g92zhv19 The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to establish a persistent infection is the principal contributing factor to the world-wide spread of the disease. keywords: days; infection; pigs; porcine; positive; prrsv; replication; syndrome; virus cache: cord-261160-g92zhv19.txt plain text: cord-261160-g92zhv19.txt item: #446 of 1203 id: cord-261171-iknoqb4d author: Roingeard, Philippe title: Viral detection by electron microscopy: past, present and future date: 2012-01-09 words: 4449 flesch: 30 summary: TEM has therefore made a major contribution to virology, including the discovery of many viruses, the diagnosis of various viral infections and fundamental investigations of virus—host cell interactions. The discovery of many viruses and a role in routine diagnosis: the 'glory days' of the past EM was first developed in the 1930s, by physicists in various countries, including Germany, in particular (reviewed in Haguenau et al., 2003) . keywords: cell; detection; electron; et al; gastroenteritis; human; microscopy; particles; tem; virus; viruses cache: cord-261171-iknoqb4d.txt plain text: cord-261171-iknoqb4d.txt item: #447 of 1203 id: cord-261241-eqf6ame6 author: van Beek, Josine title: Influenza-like Illness Incidence Is Not Reduced by Influenza Vaccination in a Cohort of Older Adults, Despite Effectively Reducing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Virus Infections date: 2017-08-15 words: 4447 flesch: 46 summary: Influenza virus was not detected in the corresponding recovery samples in this season, suggesting that influenza virus was the actual cause of ILI. key: cord-261241-eqf6ame6 authors: van Beek, Josine; Veenhoven, Reinier H; Bruin, Jacob P; van Boxtel, Renée A J; de Lange, Marit M A; Meijer, Adam; Sanders, Elisabeth A M; Rots, Nynke Y; Luytjes, Willem title: Influenza-like Illness Incidence Is Not Reduced by Influenza Vaccination in a Cohort of Older Adults, Despite Effectively Reducing Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Virus Infections date: 2017-08-15 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix268 sha: doc_id: 261241 cord_uid: eqf6ame6 BACKGROUND: Data on the relative contribution of influenza virus and other respiratory pathogens to respiratory infections in community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) are needed. keywords: ili; incidence; influenza; participants; pathogens; samples; season; vaccination; virus cache: cord-261241-eqf6ame6.txt plain text: cord-261241-eqf6ame6.txt item: #448 of 1203 id: cord-261417-4pf5nsw2 author: Harwig, Alex title: The Battle of RNA Synthesis: Virus versus Host date: 2017-10-21 words: 7878 flesch: 47 summary: For this reason, RNA viruses have evolved capping mechanisms that are different from capping during cellular transcription. Genetic conflicts: The usual suspects and beyond Paleovirology-Modern consequences of ancient viruses Co-option of an endogenous retrovirus envelope for host defense in hominid ancestors Evolutionary genomics of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses Viral-encoded enzymes that target host chromatin functions Retroviral micrornas Mechanisms of HIV-1 control Virus meets host microrna: The destroyer, the booster, the hijacker DNA-binding specificities of human transcription factors Sensing of RNA viruses: A review of innate immune receptors involved in recognizing RNA virus invasion Rna function. keywords: binding; dna; elongation; end; figure; host; initiation; mrna; polymerase; promoter; protein; rna; rnapii; synthesis; transcription; virus; viruses cache: cord-261417-4pf5nsw2.txt plain text: cord-261417-4pf5nsw2.txt item: #449 of 1203 id: cord-261961-u4d0vvmq author: St-Germain, Jonathan R. title: A SARS-CoV-2 BioID-based virus-host membrane protein interactome and virus peptide compendium: new proteomics resources for COVID-19 research date: 2020-08-28 words: 2741 flesch: 25 summary: A number of virus protein interactions were also detected with components of the UFMylation system (DDRGK1, CDK5RAP3, UFL1 and UFSP2), which was recently shown to play a key role in ER-phagy 10 , highlighting interesting links between specific autophagy pathways and SARS-CoV-2. As a whole, the virus-host interactome is significantly enriched in proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/nuclear, Golgi and plasma membranes, and ER-Golgi trafficking vesicles ( Even amongst those viral proteins that appear to localize exclusively to the ER-Golgi-PM endomembrane membrane system, specificity in virus-host interactomes was observed, likely reflecting preferences for interactions with different subsets of membrane proteins and/or localization to unique membrane lipid nanodomains. keywords: approaches; data; host; mass; membrane; proteins; proteomics; replication; sars; virus cache: cord-261961-u4d0vvmq.txt plain text: cord-261961-u4d0vvmq.txt item: #450 of 1203 id: cord-262514-1e2bc0bi author: Harrison, Alyne K title: Visceral target organs in systemic St. Louis encephalitis virus infection of hamsters date: 1982-12-31 words: 3179 flesch: 38 summary: In the present study, the pattern of SLE virus infection of the pancreas of hamsters was similar to that found in Rocio virus infection, differing in severity only in the islets of Langerhans where all cell types were involved, whereas Rocio virus affected only the beta cells. To call attention to the possibility that some of these complicating processes in the human disease might be specific consequences of extraneural virus infection, the present study was designed to determine whether such infection sites are important in the course of the lethal disease caused by the virus in suckling hamsters. keywords: cells; electron; encephalitis; infection; mice; particles; sle; virus cache: cord-262514-1e2bc0bi.txt plain text: cord-262514-1e2bc0bi.txt item: #451 of 1203 id: cord-262722-cz3ce29n author: Kuzmanovic, Deborah A. title: A novel application of small-angle scattering techniques: Quality assurance testing of virus quantification technology date: 2008-03-31 words: 5484 flesch: 43 summary: The basic properties necessary for the initial characterization and study of any previously unidentified or unknown virus samples (be they naturally occurring or artificial) for basic, biomedical, or environmental research are the determination of (a) the virus host, (b) virus size and (c) the concentration or number of virus particles per milliliter. Therefore, if IVDS can accurately measure virus particle concentration, then using the IVDS concentration measurements (derived using the concentration reference curve) one should be able to confirm the molecular weight of a known sample using SAXS and SANS. keywords: concentration; ivds; ms2; particles; sample; scattering; size; standard; virus cache: cord-262722-cz3ce29n.txt plain text: cord-262722-cz3ce29n.txt item: #452 of 1203 id: cord-262748-v4xue7ha author: Xu, Yongtao title: Identification of Peptide Inhibitors of Enveloped Viruses Using Support Vector Machine date: 2015-12-04 words: 4645 flesch: 34 summary: Although the exact fusion mechanism remains elusive, it was suggested that the three classes of viral fusion proteins share a similar mechanism of membrane fusion. Although the exact fusion mechanism remains elusive and the three classes of viral fusion proteins exhibit distinct structural folds, they may share a similar mechanism of membrane fusion [3] . keywords: acid; activities; amino; fusion; inhibitors; model; peptides; protein; svm; virus cache: cord-262748-v4xue7ha.txt plain text: cord-262748-v4xue7ha.txt item: #453 of 1203 id: cord-262752-bwofzbwa author: Li, Qianqian title: Current status on the development of pseudoviruses for enveloped viruses date: 2017-12-07 words: 3282 flesch: 22 summary: Pseudotype formation between enveloped RNA and DNA viruses Replication and amplification of novel vesicular stomatitis virus minigenomes encoding viral structural proteins Foreign glycoproteins expressed from recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses are incorporated efficiently into virus particles Generation of VSV pseudotypes using recombinant DeltaG-VSV for studies on virus entry, identification of entry inhibitors, and immune responses to vaccines Quantification of lyssavirus-neutralizing antibodies using vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype particles Second generation of pseudotype-based serum neutralization assay for Nipah virus antibodies: sensitive and high-throughput analysis utilizing secreted alkaline phosphatase A system for functional analysis of Ebola virus glycoprotein Rho GTPases modulate entry of Ebola virus and vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped vectors Characterization of pseudotype VSV possessing HCV envelope proteins Use of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes bearing Hantaan or Seoul virus envelope proteins in a rapid and safe neutralization test A pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus containing Hantaan virus envelope glycoproteins G1 and G2 as an alternative to hantavirus vaccine in mice Study of Andes virus entry and neutralization using a pseudovirion system Efficient production of Hantaan and Puumala pseudovirions for viral tropism and neutralization studies Analyses of entry mechanisms of novel emerging viruses using pseudotype VSV system Characterization of the interaction of Lassa fever virus with its cellular receptor alpha-dystroglycan Analysis of Lujo virus cell entry using pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus Development of a neutralization assay for Nipah virus using pseudotype particles EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus A neutralization test for specific detection of Nipah virus antibodies using pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus expressing green fluorescent protein Involvement of ceramide in the propagation of Japanese encephalitis virus Preparation of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype with Chikungunya virus envelope protein Efficient generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotypes bearing morbilliviral glycoproteins and their use in quantifying virus neutralising antibodies Pseudotyping of vesicular stomatitis virus with the envelope glycoproteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses A vesicular stomatitis pseudovirus expressing the surface glycoproteins of influenza A virus Analysis of the entry mechanism of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, using a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyping system Characterization of Ebola virus entry by using pseudotyped viruses: identification of receptor-deficient cell lines R-E- The VSV packaging system is a versatile tool for making pseudotyped viruses; this system is advantageous in that it has no stringent selectivity for the envelope proteins, and the resulting virus may be manipulated in a BSL-2 laboratory. keywords: envelope; neutralization; packaging; plasmid; pseudovirus; system; virus; viruses; vsv cache: cord-262752-bwofzbwa.txt plain text: cord-262752-bwofzbwa.txt item: #454 of 1203 id: cord-262776-6k7tcgfs author: Burnouf, Thierry title: Assessment of the viral safety of antivenoms fractionated from equine plasma date: 2004-09-30 words: 8214 flesch: 39 summary: For instance, equipment for bulk in process virus inactivation, such as the acid pH incubation or the caprylic acid treatment, should ideally be fully enclosed. The duration of the first stage should be such that the majority of virus inactivation (as found during the viral validation studies) has occurred. keywords: acid; antivenoms; blood; disease; enveloped; equine; horses; human; igg; inactivation; manufacturing; plasma; production; products; safety; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-262776-6k7tcgfs.txt plain text: cord-262776-6k7tcgfs.txt item: #455 of 1203 id: cord-263017-rh86g4jk author: Wigginton, Krista Rule title: Virus disinfection mechanisms: the role of virus composition, structure, and function date: 2011-12-09 words: 3714 flesch: 22 summary: This knowledge will allow for physical/chemical descriptions of virus inactivation and thus further our understanding of virus disinfection to the most basic mechanistic level. This knowledge will allow for physical/chemical descriptions of virus inactivation and thus further our understanding of virus disinfection to the most basic mechanistic level. keywords: capsid; chlorine; disinfection; genome; inactivation; poliovirus; protein; structure; virus cache: cord-263017-rh86g4jk.txt plain text: cord-263017-rh86g4jk.txt item: #456 of 1203 id: cord-263157-8jin6oru author: Martínez, Miguel Angel title: Progress in the Therapeutic Applications of siRNAs Against HIV-1 date: 2008-10-13 words: 9242 flesch: 34 summary: This review highlights the evidence showing that RNAi provides a robust method for specifically inhibiting the expression of targeted HIV-1 genes, and its promise as a novel and broadly applicable approach to antiviral therapy. Soon after the demonstration that synthetic siRNAs were able to induce the RNAi mechanism in mammalian cells (15) , several studies reported that HIV-1 gene expression and replication ex vivo could be inhibited by virus-specific synthetic siR-NAs (16 - 22) or expressed siRNAs (16, 18) that were targeted to early or late phases of virus replication. keywords: cells; expression; gene; human; infection; interference; replication; rna; rnai; sequence; shrna; silencing; sirnas; target; therapy; virus; vivo cache: cord-263157-8jin6oru.txt plain text: cord-263157-8jin6oru.txt item: #457 of 1203 id: cord-263165-bv4dh9eu author: Möstl, Karin title: Coronaviridae, pathogenetic and clinical aspects: An update date: 1990-12-31 words: 4907 flesch: 43 summary: Special attention is paid to coronavirus infections of domestic cattle and pets, whereas avian, murine, rat and human coronaviruses are summarized briefly. ges Characterization of the virus of Sialodacryoadenitis of rats: a member of the coronavirus group An apparently new respiratory disease of baby chicks Electron microscopy of coronavirus-like particles characteristic of turkey bluecomb disease Seroepidemiologic studies of coronavirus infection in adults and children Coronavirus particles in faeces from patients with gastroenteritis Enteric coronaviruses in primates Coronavirus and gastroenteritis in foals Isolation of coronavirus-like agent from horses suffering from acute equine diarrhoea syndrome keywords: antibodies; coronavirus; diarrhea; disease; feline; fip; immunity; infection; porcine; ref; tgev; virus cache: cord-263165-bv4dh9eu.txt plain text: cord-263165-bv4dh9eu.txt item: #458 of 1203 id: cord-263245-2qub96mz author: Singh, D. title: Alcohol-based hand sanitisers as first line of defence against SARS-CoV-2: a review of biology, chemistry and formulations date: 2020-09-29 words: 4789 flesch: 35 summary: The E protein is a multifunctional membrane protein of SARS-CoV The relationship of concentration and germicidal efficiency of ethyl alcohol Analysis of alcohol-based hand sanitizer delivery systems: efficacy of foam, gel, and wipes against influenza A (H1N1) virus on hands Inactivation of surrogate coronaviruses on hard surfaces by health care germicides Chemical disinfection of non-porous inanimate surfaces experimentally contaminated with four human pathogenic viruses Inactivation of respiratory syncytial virus by detergents and disinfectants Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions and chemical reagents Stability and inactivation of SARS coronavirus Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus Inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols Comparison of the efficacy and drying times of liquid, gel and foam formats of alcohol-based hand rubs WHO Recommended Hand-rub Formulations Temporary policy for manufacture of alcohol for incorporation into alcohol based hand sanitizer products during the Public Health Emergency (COVID-19); Guidance for industry U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) CDC Statement for Healthcare Personnel on Hand Hygiene during the Response to the International Emergence of COVID-19 Virucidal activity of World Health Organization-recommended formulations against enveloped viruses, including Zika, Ebola, and emerging coronaviruses Efficacy of hand rubs with a low alcohol concentration listed as effective by a national hospital hygiene society in Europe The relative influences of product volume, delivery format and alcohol concentration on dry-time and efficacy of alcohol-based hand rubs Limited efficacy of alcohol-based hand gels Efficacy of ethanol-based hand foams using clinically relevant amounts: a cross-over controlled study among healthy volunteers Less and less-influence of volume on hand coverage and bactericidal efficacy in hand disinfection Impact of the amount of hand rub applied in hygienic hand disinfection on the reduction of microbial counts on hands Healthcare infection control practices advisory committee Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings. A mixture of ethylhexylglycerin, dexpanthenol and a fatty alcohol serves as a suitable alternative with no effect on hand rub efficacy keywords: activity; alcohol; coronavirus; cov-2; efficacy; ethanol; hand; isopropanol; sars; test; virus; viruses cache: cord-263245-2qub96mz.txt plain text: cord-263245-2qub96mz.txt item: #459 of 1203 id: cord-263315-g7os15m1 author: Martins-da-Silva, Andrea title: Identification of Secreted Proteins Involved in Nonspecific dsRNA-Mediated Lutzomyia longipalpis LL5 Cell Antiviral Response date: 2018-01-18 words: 7015 flesch: 41 summary: When mRNA levels changed at 12 or 24 h post transfection (either by up-or down-regulation), we detected a corresponding change in secreted protein levels 12 or 24 h after the mRNA level changes. Based on the data presented in Figure 3A , we observed that in the majority of the molecules (six out of seven) there was a correlated change of secreted protein levels 12 h to 24 h after changes in mRNA levels. keywords: antiviral; cells; change; dsrna; expression; factor; fold; infection; insect; interferon; levels; ll5; mrna; non; protein; response; secretion; transfection; virus cache: cord-263315-g7os15m1.txt plain text: cord-263315-g7os15m1.txt item: #460 of 1203 id: cord-263484-afcgqjwq author: Ladner, Jason T. title: Precision epidemiology for infectious disease control date: 2019-02-06 words: 3991 flesch: 15 summary: During infectious disease outbreaks, however, genomic sequence information from the pathogen is arguably more important than an individual's genomic data for designing appropriate treatment and intervention strategies 16 . Pathogen genomes can also be used to inform population-level intervention strategies for infectious disease outbreaks. keywords: analysis; data; disease; ebola; genome; genomic; health; outbreak; pathogen; sequencing; transmission; virus cache: cord-263484-afcgqjwq.txt plain text: cord-263484-afcgqjwq.txt item: #461 of 1203 id: cord-263619-p17oomzn author: Moss, William J. title: Measles date: 2009-01-30 words: 9549 flesch: 35 summary: Measles virus can be isolated in tissue culture from white blood cells, respiratory tract secretions, and urine, although the ability to isolate measles virus diminishes quickly after rash onset. These signs and symptoms are a consequence of the host immune response to replicating measles vaccine virus, but do not result in serious morbidity or mortality. keywords: age; antibodies; children; disease; et al; immunity; infection; measles; measles virus; months; mortality; rash; responses; vaccination; vaccine; virus cache: cord-263619-p17oomzn.txt plain text: cord-263619-p17oomzn.txt item: #462 of 1203 id: cord-263764-2ewz8ok4 author: Kutter, Jasmin S title: Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans date: 2018-01-17 words: 4392 flesch: 34 summary: Our observations underscore the urgent need for new knowledge on respiratory virus transmission routes and the implementation of this knowledge in infection control guidelines to advance intervention strategies for currently circulating and newly emerging viruses and to improve public health. Unfortunately, terms and definitions of respiratory transmission routes and isolation guidelines are not always used in a uniform way, leaving room for personal interpretation. keywords: aerosol; air; human; infection; influenza; outbreak; routes; sars; studies; transmission; viruses cache: cord-263764-2ewz8ok4.txt plain text: cord-263764-2ewz8ok4.txt item: #463 of 1203 id: cord-263785-0iift8zy author: Zhang, Xiaorong title: Evaluation of the reproductive system development and egg-laying performance of hens infected with TW I-type infectious bronchitis virus date: 2020-07-31 words: 3703 flesch: 44 summary: In: Walker JM (ed) Methods in molecular biology Egg quality traits differ in hens selected for high as compared with low antibody response to sheep red blood cells Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens Emergence of novel nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis viruses currently circulating in Chinese chicken flocks Characterization of the complete genome, antigenicity, pathogenicity, tissue tropism, and shedding of a recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus with a ck/CH/LJL/140901-like backbone and an S2 fragment from a 4/91-like virus Induction of cystic oviducts and protection against early challenge with infectious bronchitis virus serotype D388 (genotype QX) by maternally derived antibodies and by early vaccination Comparative histopathology and immunohistochemistry of QX-like, Massachusetts and 793/B serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens Pathogenicity differences between a newly emerged TW-like strain and a prevalent QX-like strain of infectious bronchitis virus Safety and efficacy of an attenuated Chinese QX-like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a candidate vaccine Genetic and pathologic characterization of a novel recombinant TC07-2-type avian infectious bronchitis virus Pathogenicity differences between QX-like and Mass-type infectious bronchitis viruses Preparation and protective efficacy of a chicken embryo kidney cell-attenuation GI-19/QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine A Multi-omics study of chicken infected by nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus Effects of avian infectious bronchitis virus antigen on eggshell formation and immunoreaction in hen oviduct Effects of the routine multiple vaccinations on the expression of innate immune molecules and induction of histone modification in ovarian cells of layer chicks Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus Evolution of infectious bronchitis virus in China over the past two decades Recombination in avian gamma-coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus Induction of IBV strain-specific neutralizing antibodies and broad spectrum protection in layer pullets primed with IBV Massachusetts (Mass) and 793B vaccines prior to injection of inactivated vaccine containing Mass antigen The long view: 40 years of infectious bronchitis research A long-term study of the pathogenesis of infection of fowls with three strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus Re-excretion of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens induced by cyclosporin Phylogenetic analysis of the S1 glycoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in China during Epidemiology and characterization of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains circulating in southern China during the period from Serotype, antigenicity, and pathogenicity of a naturally recombinant TW I genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China Altered pathogenicity of a tl/CH/LDT3/03 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus due to natural recombination in the 5′-17 kb region of the genome Genetics, antigenicity and virulence properties of three infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from a single tracheal sample in a chicken with respiratory problems Characterization and analysis of an infectious bronchitis virus strain isolated from southern China in 2013 Molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus in China between 2009 and 2011, and development of recombinant vaccine using Marek's disease virus as vector Development and efficacy of an attenuated TW-I like infectious bronchitis virus strain as a candidate live vaccine for chickens in China Coronaviruses: methods and protocols. keywords: bronchitis; chickens; group; ibv; lesions; type; type ibv; virus cache: cord-263785-0iift8zy.txt plain text: cord-263785-0iift8zy.txt item: #464 of 1203 id: cord-263868-ewnf96cz author: Srivastava, Mayank title: Chemical proteomics tracks virus entry and uncovers NCAM1 as Zika virus receptor date: 2020-08-04 words: 7640 flesch: 45 summary: We devised and synthesized a multifunctional chemical probe ( Fig. 1a; Supplementary Figs. 1-3) bearing a labeling group that conjugates the probe to the ZIKV surface, a photo-reactive group that allows for covalent crosslinking of ZIKV proteins to interacting host cell proteins upon UV exposure, and an isolation tag of biotin for purifying the interacting proteins for quantitative MS analysis, thus facilitating the investigation of host-pathogen interactomes in a time-resolved manner (Fig. 1b) . 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (SLC3A2) was reported interacting with ZIKV NS4B protein and was indicated as a candidate host factor for ZIKV infection 12 . keywords: cells; chemical; entry; fig; host; infection; labeling; min; ncam1; proteins; receptor; supplementary; time; u-251; virus; zikv cache: cord-263868-ewnf96cz.txt plain text: cord-263868-ewnf96cz.txt item: #465 of 1203 id: cord-264264-7j3xirfg author: TüRsen, Ümit title: CORONAVIRUS‐DAYS IN DERMATOLOGY date: 2020-04-15 words: 2147 flesch: 44 summary: The following is based on expert opinion, taking into account the known risks of other RNA viruses. Soap works better than alcohol and disinfectants at destroying the structure of viruses. keywords: alcohol; covid-19; human; skin; soap; virus; viruses cache: cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt plain text: cord-264264-7j3xirfg.txt item: #466 of 1203 id: cord-264291-0czphube author: Varfolomeev, S. D. title: Kinetic model of development of acute viral infection in the human body. Critical conditions, control mechanisms, “thermoheliox” date: 2020-07-20 words: 3013 flesch: 45 summary: At the end of the incubation period (induction period), fast symbiotrophic increase in the virus concentration and pathogenic microfl ora concentration with signifi cant accumulation of the virus and microorganisms is observed. In the primary periods of pathology development (incubation period and initial period of active increase in the virus and pathogenic microfl ora concentrations), pH value in the damaged area is in the range of 7.2-7.4. keywords: concentration; pathogenic; rate; system; temperature; virus cache: cord-264291-0czphube.txt plain text: cord-264291-0czphube.txt item: #467 of 1203 id: cord-264308-y6xuxj16 author: Liu, Rui title: Mouse lung slices: An ex vivo model for the evaluation of antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza viruses date: 2015-05-26 words: 7696 flesch: 50 summary: The evaluation of a panel of antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents in mouse lung slice model. To validate this precision cut mouse lung slice model in screening and evaluation of both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs against influenza virus infection in one assay using NA and IP-10 as readouts, four categories of known antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs were tested for their antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. keywords: antiviral; fig; infection; influenza; ip-10; lung; lung slices; model; mouse; slices; virus; vivo cache: cord-264308-y6xuxj16.txt plain text: cord-264308-y6xuxj16.txt item: #468 of 1203 id: cord-264350-4zxp3uae author: Kelley, James L. title: Chapter 12. Antiviral Agents date: 1984-12-31 words: 2534 flesch: 38 summary: The family Paramyxoviridae includes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus which are a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections. Ribavirin has also been shown to inhibit respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in an animal model when administered i.p. or by aerosol treat~nent.~g keywords: activity; agents; amantadine; clinical; infections; influenza; viruses cache: cord-264350-4zxp3uae.txt plain text: cord-264350-4zxp3uae.txt item: #469 of 1203 id: cord-264406-s5c0grz0 author: Miró-Cañís, Sílvia title: Multiplex PCR reveals that viruses are more frequent than bacteria in children with cystic fibrosis date: 2016-11-13 words: 2087 flesch: 41 summary: Multiplex PCR screening for respiratory viruses is feasible in children with cystic fibrosis; the clinical implications of screening warrant further study. Conclusions: Multiplex PCR screening for respiratory viruses is feasible in children with cystic fibrosis; the clinical implications of screening warrant further study. keywords: bacteria; children; fibrosis; viruses cache: cord-264406-s5c0grz0.txt plain text: cord-264406-s5c0grz0.txt item: #470 of 1203 id: cord-264408-vk4lt83x author: Ruiz, Sara I. title: Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases date: 2017-06-23 words: 34509 flesch: 38 summary: The severe acute respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory syndrome Bacterial sinusitis and otitis media following influenza virus infection in ferrets Neuropathology of H5N1 virus infection in ferrets The draft genome sequence of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) facilitates study of human respiratory disease Immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infections: implications for sArs Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: the new American hemorrhagic fever rift Valley fever Inbred rat strains mimic the disparate human response to rift Valley fever virus infection experimental studies of arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers experimental rift Valley fever in rhesus macaques Bovine respiratory syncytial virus protects cotton rats against human respiratory syncytial virus infection Human Hendra virus encephalitis associated with equine outbreak Molecularly engineered live-attenuated chimeric West Nile/dengue virus vaccines protect rhesus monkeys from West Nile virus structure as revealed by airway dissection. emerg Generation of a transgenic mouse model of Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and disease Pathological changes in brain and other target organs of infant and weanling mice after infection with nonneuroadapted Western equine encephalitis virus Particle-to-PFU ratio of ebola virus influences disease course and survival in cynomolgus macaques Progress toward norovirus vaccines: considerations for further development and implementation in potential target populations Characterization of lethal Zika virus infection in AG129 mice experimental in vitro and in vivo models for the study of human hepatitis B virus infection A model of meningococcal bacteremia after respiratory superinfection in influenza A virus-infected mice Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns Aerosol exposure to the Angola strain of marburg virus causes lethal viral hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques Necrotizing scleritis, conjunctivitis, and other pathologic findings in the left eye and brain of an ebola Virus-Infected rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with apparent recovery and a delayed time of death American Academy of Pediatrics subcommittee on Diagnosis and Management of Bronchiolitis Identification of wild-derived inbred mouse strains highly susceptible to monkeypox virus infection for use as small animal models The gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, a model for rift Valley fever viral encephalitis Morbidity and mortality among patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection: a 2-year retrospective review Chikungunya and the nervous system: what we do and do not know The West Nile virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: the Flushing Hospital experience Hospital outbreak of Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus Diagnosis of noncultivatable gastroenteritis viruses, the human caliciviruses Norovirus vaccine against experimental human Norwalk Virus illness Determination of the 50% human infectious dose for Norwalk virus An epizootic attributable to Western equine encephalitis virus infection in emus in Texas evidence for camel-to-human transmission of Mers coronavirus Integrated molecular signature of disease: analysis of influenza virus-infected macaques through functional genomics and proteomics Disseminated and sustained HIV infection in CD34+ cord blood cell-transplanted rag2 −/− gamma c keywords: acute; aerosol; animal; animal model; cells; challenge; clinical; coronavirus; cov; cynomolgus; days; dengue; disease; encephalitis; et al; experimental; exposure; ferrets; fever; fever virus; guinea; hepatitis; human; infected; infection; infection model; influenza; influenza virus; inoculation; lethal; liver; macaques; mice; model; monkeys; mouse; mouse model; nhps; pathogenesis; pigs; replication; response; rhesus; route; sars; signs; strain; studies; study; symptoms; syndrome; transmission; vaccine; viral; viremia; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-264408-vk4lt83x.txt plain text: cord-264408-vk4lt83x.txt item: #471 of 1203 id: cord-264699-l8db5gll author: Kino, Tomoshige title: Virus-mediated modulation of the host endocrine signaling systems: clinical implications date: 2007-06-30 words: 4737 flesch: 28 summary: By contrast, ACE2 [53] converts ANG I and ANG II into angiotensin (1-9) and angiotensin (1-7), respectively lymphoma independent of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 tax expression Metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection and lipodystrophy Metabolic complications associated with antiretroviral therapy Metabolic disorders among HIV-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors: a review HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome? Endocrine and metabolic evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with evidence of protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: evidence for direct stimulatory effect of glucocorticoid on cell proliferation Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Vpr induces transcription of the HIV-1 and glucocorticoid-responsive promoters by binding directly to p300/CBP coactivators The HIV-1 virion-associated protein vpr is a coactivator of the human glucocorticoid receptor HIV-1 protein Vpr suppresses IL-12 production from human monocytes by enhancing glucocorticoid action: potential implications of Vpr coactivator activity for the innate and cellular immunity deficits observed in HIV-1 infection CBP/ A different view of smallpox and vaccination HIV/AIDS epidemiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment ACE2: from vasopeptidase to SARS virus receptor Immunology of viral infections Molecular mimicry and immune-mediated diseases The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation Effectiveness of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome: the right drug, the right way? Immune modulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during viral infection Adenovirus E1A: remodelling the host cell, a life or death experience AIDS-related lipodystrophy/insulin resistance syndrome Hypercalcemia, parathyroid hormone-related protein expression and human T-cell leukemia virus infection HIV gp120 inhibits the somatotropic axis: a possible GH-releasing hormone receptor mechanism for the pathogenesis of AIDS wasting Perturbation of in vitro HIV pathogenic effects by peptides showing sequence similarities with the C2 conserved domain of gp120 Vasoactive intestinal peptide 1-12: a ligand for the CD4 (T4)/human immunodeficiency virus receptor Nucleotide and amino acid homology between the human thyrotropin receptor and the HIV-1 Nef protein: identification and functional analysis Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid resistance/hypersensitivity syndromes Constitutive expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein gene in human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers and adult T cell leukemia patients that can be transactivated by HTLV-1 tax gene Parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide, and their receptors Molecular mechanisms of cellular transformation by HTLV-1 Tax Interaction of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I Tax, Ets1, and Sp1 in transactivation of the PTHrP P2 promoter Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy: severe combined immunodeficient/beige mouse model of adult T-cell ACE converts angiotensin I (ANG I) into ANG II, which acts as a vasopressor and a mitogen for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts through the angiotensin 1 (AT1) receptor. keywords: cell; endocrine; host; human; insulin; molecules; protein; syndrome; virus; viruses; vpr cache: cord-264699-l8db5gll.txt plain text: cord-264699-l8db5gll.txt item: #472 of 1203 id: cord-264794-bgygebgx author: Lundgren, A.-L. title: Feline non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis. A clinical and pathological study date: 1992-11-30 words: 4866 flesch: 45 summary: Cats previously shy became social and affectionate, mewing more than usual, while cats that were customarily cheerful and affectionate became introverted and shy. A clinical and pathological study date: 1992-11-30 journal: Journal of Comparative Pathology DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(92)90015-m sha: doc_id: 264794 cord_uid: bgygebgx Abstract A spontaneous neurological disease in cats characterized by behavioural and motor disturbances was investigated by clinical, morphological and immunological methods. keywords: brain; cases; cats; cause; cells; cord; disease; feline; infection; lesions; spinal; virus cache: cord-264794-bgygebgx.txt plain text: cord-264794-bgygebgx.txt item: #473 of 1203 id: cord-264884-ydkigome author: Villarreal, Luis P. title: The Widespread Evolutionary Significance of Viruses date: 2008-07-05 words: 23160 flesch: 41 summary: key: cord-264884-ydkigome authors: Villarreal, Luis P. title: The Widespread Evolutionary Significance of Viruses date: 2008-07-05 journal: Origin and Evolution of Viruses DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374153-0.00021-7 sha: doc_id: 264884 cord_uid: ydkigome In the last 30 years, the study of virus evolution has undergone a transformation. Originally concerned with disease and its emergence, virus evolution had not been well integrated into the general study of evolution. keywords: complex; disease; diversity; dna; dna viruses; et al; eukaryotic; evolution; example; genes; genomes; host; host evolution; human; infection; infl; life; like; mhv; mouse; origin; persistence; phage; populations; quasispecies; recombination; replication; rna; role; specifi; tness; type; uenza; viral; virus; virus evolution; viruses cache: cord-264884-ydkigome.txt plain text: cord-264884-ydkigome.txt item: #474 of 1203 id: cord-264916-c4n0kyog author: Zimmerman, Keith title: Natural protection of ocular surface from viral infections – a hypothesis date: 2020-07-09 words: 4674 flesch: 39 summary: Coronavirus Contamination in Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Viral infections in workers in hospital and research laboratory settings: a comparative review of infection modes and respective biosafety aspects Airborne transmission of communicable infection--the elusive pathway Influenza virus RNA recovered from droplets and droplet nuclei emitted by adults in an acute care setting Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary Origin of exhaled breath particles from healthy and human rhinovirus-infected subjects Properties of Coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Architecture of SARS-CoV-2 with Post-Fusion Spike Revealed by Characterizations of particle size distribution of the droplets exhaled by sneeze Cough aerosol in healthy participants: fundamental knowledge to optimize droplet-spread infectious respiratory disease management Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor environment Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles from human coughs Exposure to influenza virus aerosols during routine patient care Physiology Humidification: Basic Concepts In: Esquinas AM (ed) Humidification in the Intensive Care Unit Thermal mapping of the airways in humans Temperature profile in the nasal cavity Simultaneous in vivo measurements of intranasal air and mucosal temperature Nasal mucosal temperature after exposure to cold, dry air and hot, humid air Kinetics and evaporation of water drops in air Interaction of Water Droplets in Air Flow at Different Degrees of Flow Turbulence Evaporation and Movement of Fine Water Droplets Influenced by Initial Diameter and Relative Humidity Exhaled breath condensate: methodological recommendations and unresolved questions Exhaled breath condensate: an overview Lipid phenotyping of lung epithelial lining fluid in healthy human volunteers Somewhat surprisingly, the majority of the viruses responsible for respiratory viral infections are not a major cause of infectious conjunctivitis [6] . keywords: air; conjunctivitis; cov-2; eye; human; infection; particles; potential; sars; surface; virus cache: cord-264916-c4n0kyog.txt plain text: cord-264916-c4n0kyog.txt item: #475 of 1203 id: cord-265445-bazcczdj author: Arias-Bravo, Guisselle title: Overnutrition in Infants Is Associated With High Level of Leptin, Viral Coinfection and Increased Severity of Respiratory Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study date: 2020-02-18 words: 4567 flesch: 42 summary: However, the empirical evidence needed to estimate the impact of overnutrition (including overweight and obese conditions) on the severity of viral respiratory infections in children is still lacking (10) . Tables 2, 3 present the results of the multiple Poisson regression by transforming beta coefficients from the regression into relative risk calculations, which allowed us to test and evaluate the hypothesis that overnutrition is associated with the severity of viral respiratory infections, by adjusting covariates. keywords: children; infants; infections; leptin; obese; obesity; overweight; severity; virus; viruses cache: cord-265445-bazcczdj.txt plain text: cord-265445-bazcczdj.txt item: #476 of 1203 id: cord-265461-hj2b1wc4 author: Decroly, Etienne title: Biochemical principles and inhibitors to interfere with viral capping pathways date: 2017-05-18 words: 5105 flesch: 40 summary: -O methylations of viral RNA cap In vitro reconstitution of SARS-coronavirus mRNA cap methylation Unconventional mechanism of mRNA capping by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of vesicular stomatitis virus Reaction in alphavirus mRNA capping: formation of a covalent complex of nonstructural protein nsP1 with 7-methyl-GMP Characterization of the AdoMet-dependent guanylyltransferase activity that is associated with the N terminus of bamboo mosaic virus replicase mRNA capping by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP1: functional characterization and implications for antiviral research The first demonstration of actual transfer of the m7G cap onto acceptor RNA using a Togaviridae enzyme The cap-snatching endonuclease of influenza virus polymerase resides in the PA subunit Structural insight into cap-snatching and RNA synthesis by influenza polymerase A landmark paper of the crystal structure of the 3 subunit influenza polymerase presenting how RNA synthesis and RNA cap-snatching are physically coupled and coordinated Bunyaviridae RNA polymerases (L-protein) have an N-terminal, influenza-like endonuclease domain, essential for viral cap-dependent transcription Comparative structural and functional analysis of bunyavirus and arenavirus cap-snatching endonucleases Structural, enzymatic, and evolutionary perspective of the ambisense RNA virus endonucleases, examined comparatively to that of the influenza virus. Novel class of anti-chikungunya compounds is presented, together with the assays described in Ref Histidine-mediated RNA transfer to GDP for unique mRNA capping by vesicular stomatitis virus RNA polymerase Structure of the L protein of vesicular stomatitis virus from electron cryomicroscopy First long awaited high resolution structure (according to Cryo-EM standards) of a L protein from a NNS virus, uncovering how RdRp and capping enzymes are spatially organized and putatively co-ordinated HIV integrase inhibitors: 20-year landmark and challenges The structural basis for cap binding by influenza virus polymerase subunit PB2 Molecular basis of mRNA cap recognition by influenza B polymerase PB2 subunit The influenza virus polymerase complex: an update on its structure, functions, and significance for antiviral drug design Quantitative analysis of influenza virus RNP interaction with RNA cap structures and comparison to human cap binding protein eIF4E Discovery of a novel, first-in-class, orally bioavailable azaindole inhibitor (VX-787) of influenza PB2 Binding of the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 0 -Omethyltransferase nsp16 promotes recruitment of the allosteric activator nsp10 Metabolism and antiviral activity of ribavirin Ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a review of the proposed mechanisms of action A structural basis for the inhibition of the NS5 dengue virus mRNA 2 0 keywords: binding; capping; enzymes; inhibitors; mrna; mtase; protein; rna; structure; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-265461-hj2b1wc4.txt plain text: cord-265461-hj2b1wc4.txt item: #477 of 1203 id: cord-265642-7mu530yp author: Syomin, B. V. title: Virus-Like Particles as an Instrument of Vaccine Production date: 2019-06-17 words: 7110 flesch: 38 summary: One of the most important properties of VLPs is mimicking virus particles and the consequent ability to induce a strong immune response to the antigen which they demonstrate irrespective of the source of the monomers which multimerize into VLPs, these being either insect viruses, in particular the gypsy virus THE PRODUCT RANGE A number of VLP vaccines are available on pharmaceutical markets in many countries. keywords: antigen; cells; development; disease; example; expression; hepatitis; human; particles; production; protein; response; surface; system; vaccines; virus; vlps cache: cord-265642-7mu530yp.txt plain text: cord-265642-7mu530yp.txt item: #478 of 1203 id: cord-265681-ab8j4o1u author: Boroomand, Zahra title: Pathogenesis and Tissue Distribution of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolate IRFIBV32 (793/B Serotype) in Experimentally Infected Broiler Chickens date: 2012-04-01 words: 3556 flesch: 49 summary: The use of chicken tracheal organ cultures for the isolation and assay of avian infectious bronchitis virus Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to infectious bronchitis virus in chicks Comparative study of respiratory lesions in two chicken lines of different susceptibility infected with infectious bronchitis virus: histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry Detection of avian infectious bronchitis viral infection using in situ hybridization and recombinant DNA Immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 in the proventriculus and nervous system of experimentally infected chicken embryos LNA probe-based real-time RT-PCR for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from the oviduct of unvaccinated and vaccinated laying hens Longitudinal field studies of infectious bronchitis virus and avian pneumovirus in broilers using type-specific polymerase chain reactions Isolation and identification of a new isolate of avian infectious bronchitis virus IRFIBV32 and study of its pathogenicity A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints Universal oligonucleotides for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus by the polymerase chain reaction Serological and gross findings in broilers with AIV and IBV The histopathology of infectious bronchitis in the domestic fowl Pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Ontario chickens Comparison of the nephropathogenicity of four strains of infectious bronchitis virus Pathogenicity of Australian strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of IBV variant from out break of visceral gout in commercial broilers Experimental histopathologic study of the lesions induced by serotype 793/B (4/91) infectious bronchitis virus Detection the 4/91 strain of infectious bronchitis virus in testicular tissue from experimentally infected rooster by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to avian infectious bronchitis virus in chicks uninoculated and previously inoculated with highly virulent infectious bursal disease virus The histopathology of infectious bronchitis in fowls infected with a nephrotropic T strain of virus Tissue tropism of three cloacal isolates and Massachusetts strain of infectious bronchitis virus The pathogenesis of nephritis in chickens induced by infectious bronchitis virus Tissue distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus following in ovo inoculation of chicken embryos examined by in situ hybridization with antisense digoxigenin-labeled universal riboprobe Standardization of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Antibody Prevalence of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens in southwestern Nigeria keywords: avian; bronchitis; chickens; days; ibv; lesions; virus cache: cord-265681-ab8j4o1u.txt plain text: cord-265681-ab8j4o1u.txt item: #479 of 1203 id: cord-265751-q1ecpfyg author: Shahani, Lokesh title: Antiviral therapy for respiratory viral infections in immunocompromised patients date: 2017-01-16 words: 10667 flesch: 27 summary: The challenge of respiratory virus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients Airflow decline after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: the role of community respiratory viruses Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza -recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) The seasonal prevalence of influenza infections in immunocompromised patients, including solid-organ transplant and HSCT recipients, closely parallels the community-wide prevalence, with peaks from December to February, with Influenza B activity sometimes seen in April and May [19] . keywords: antiviral; cell; human; infections; influenza; oseltamivir; patients; piv; recipients; resistance; ribavirin; risk; rsv; therapy; transplant; treatment; use; virus; viruses cache: cord-265751-q1ecpfyg.txt plain text: cord-265751-q1ecpfyg.txt item: #480 of 1203 id: cord-266136-81sx505i author: Freymuth, F. title: Les virus des bronchiolites aiguës date: 2010-06-16 words: 3459 flesch: 56 summary: Une étude américaine a estimé à 18 % la fréquence des infections à hRSV chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans atteints d'une infection respiratoire aiguë ; 20 % de ces infections conduisant à une hospitalisation, 18 % à une consultation dans un service d'urgence pédiatrique et 15 % à la visite d'un médecin L'accroissement du nombre de BA hivernales n'est pas propre à la France ; il est signalé dans la plupart des pays industrialisés keywords: chez; dans; des; enfants; hrsv; infections; les; plus; que; syncytial; une; virus cache: cord-266136-81sx505i.txt plain text: cord-266136-81sx505i.txt item: #481 of 1203 id: cord-266138-yibbiiij author: Wege, Helmut title: Immunopathological aspects of coronavirus infections date: 1995 words: 6908 flesch: 33 summary: Furthermore, an involvement of virus infections in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a widely discussed and attractive hypothesis. The hypothesis that virus infections may influence the clinical course of MS could be investigated in such model systems. keywords: cells; coronavirus; disease; feline; hepatitis; immune; infection; jhm; mhv; mice; mouse; protein; system; virus cache: cord-266138-yibbiiij.txt plain text: cord-266138-yibbiiij.txt item: #482 of 1203 id: cord-266199-smlq11y9 author: Dhakal, Santosh title: Nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs date: 2019-11-06 words: 7654 flesch: 32 summary: potential and limitations Respiratory nanoparticle-based vaccines and challenges associated with animal models and translation Chitosan nanoparticles act as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice Poly(anhydride) nanoparticles act as active Th1 adjuvants through Toll-like receptor exploitation Liposome-based adjuvants for subunit vaccines: formulation strategies for subunit antigens and immunostimulators Vaccine delivery using nanoparticles Potent antigen-specific immune responses stimulated by codelivery of CpG ODN and antigens in degradable microparticles Enhancement of immune responses by co-delivery of a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and tetanus toxoid in biodegradable nanospheres Co-delivery of cancer-associated antigen and Toll-like receptor 4 ligand in PLGA nanoparticles induces potent CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity M-cell targeted biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles for oral immunization against hepatitis B Dendritic cell targeted chitosan nanoparticles for nasal DNA immunization against SARS CoV nucleocapsid protein Rapid endo-lysosomal escape of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles: implications for drug and gene delivery Enhanced and prolonged crosspresentation following endosomal escape of exogenous antigens encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles Cytotoxic T cell vaccination with PLGA microspheres interferes with influenza A virus replication in the lung and suppresses the infectious disease Entrapment of H1N1 influenza virus derived conserved peptides in PLGA nanoparticles enhances T cell response and vaccine efficacy in pigs Biodegradable nanoparticle delivery of inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine provides heterologous cell-mediated immune response in pigs Induction of potent antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response by PLGA-nanoparticles containing antigen and TLR agonist Polyanhydride nanovaccine against swine influenza virus in pigs Virus-like particles as a highly efficient vaccine platform: diversity of targets and production systems and advances in clinical development Virus-like particle engineering: from rational design to versatile applications Phagocytic processing of exogenous particulate antigens by macrophages for presentation by class I MHC molecules Efficient major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigen upon phagocytosis by macrophages Major findings and recent advances in virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines Development of a porcine reproductive and respiratory Research efforts are ongoing to develop porcine viral vaccines using NPs-based technologies. keywords: adjuvant; antigen; cell; delivery; disease; influenza; mucosal; nps; pigs; plga; porcine; responses; swine; vaccine; virus; vlps cache: cord-266199-smlq11y9.txt plain text: cord-266199-smlq11y9.txt item: #483 of 1203 id: cord-266762-z08rn959 author: Rouse, Barry T. title: 25 Host Defenses to Viruses date: 2019-12-31 words: 7275 flesch: 41 summary: Many viruses use two receptors, such as the use of the CD4 coreceptor and the chemokine receptor CCR5 on T cells by HIV. IFN-I is a critical link between the innate and adaptive immune system, via activation of DCs and T cells, as well as protecting T cells from NK cell-mediated attack. keywords: antigen; cd4; cd8; cells; host; immunity; infection; memory; t cells; tissue; virus; viruses cache: cord-266762-z08rn959.txt plain text: cord-266762-z08rn959.txt item: #484 of 1203 id: cord-266822-ecq50ye2 author: Rath, Barbara title: Influenza and other respiratory viruses: standardizing disease severity in surveillance and clinical trials date: 2017-05-12 words: 10816 flesch: 31 summary: Experience during the recent influenza pandemic has shown that influenza disease severity appears rather unpredictable, especially in young patients. : findings from a multi-center, prospective study Human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in China Correlation between inflammatory mediators in the nasopharyngeal secretion and in the serum of children with lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus and disease severity Whole blood gene expression profiles to assess pathogenesis and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection Example of a study exploring the complex relationship between biomarkers and disease severity Innate immune dysfunction is associated with enhanced disease severity in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis Clinical course of communityacquired respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit Value of a risk scoring tool to predict respiratory syncytial virus disease severity and need for hospitalization in term infants FiO2 predicts outcome in infants with respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus needed less ventilator time with nasal continuous airways pressure then invasive mechanical ventilation Pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in mechanically ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus Risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospital admission in New Zealand Distribution and clinical impact of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children over 2 winter seasons Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in Cyprus during three consecutive winter seasons (2010-2013): age distribution, seasonality and association between prevalent genotypes and disease severity Molecular epidemiology and disease severity of human respiratory syncytial virus in Vietnam Disease severity and viral load are correlated in infants with primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in the community Nasopharyngeal bacterial burden and antibiotics: influence on inflammatory markers and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis Respiratory syncytial virus genomic load and disease severity among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: multicenter cohort studies in the United States and Finland Five Study G. Epidemiological and clinical data of hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in children under 5 years of age in Spain: FIVE multicenter study. keywords: care; children; clinical; data; disease; disease severity; human; infections; influenza; pandemic; patients; score; severity; severity score; study; surveillance; time; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-266822-ecq50ye2.txt plain text: cord-266822-ecq50ye2.txt item: #485 of 1203 id: cord-266985-9qwttt2y author: Gale, P. title: Applications of omics approaches to the development of microbiological risk assessment using RNA virus dose–response models as a case study date: 2014-11-04 words: 8073 flesch: 33 summary: Whole genome deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals the impact of early minor variants upon immune recognition during acute infection Human Microbiome Project Protective HLA molecules determine infection outcome in hepatitis C virus infection by preferential preservation of peptides from conserved viral proteins Consistent change in the B-C loop of VP2 observed in foot-and-mouth disease virus from persistently infected cattle: implications for association with persistence The carbohydrate moiety and high molecular weight carrier of histo-blood group antigens are both required for norovirus-receptor recognition Rotavirus cell entry Genetic basis of host resistance to norovirus infection Quasispecies theory and the behaviour of RNA viruses Role of cell culture for virus detection in the age of technology The Society for Applied Microbiology Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection Heterotrophic humoral and cellular immune responses following Norwalk virus infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein nsp1 is a novel eukaryotic translation inhibitor that represses multiple steps of translation initiation An expanded protein-protein interaction network in Bacillus subtilis reveals a group of hubs: exploration by an integrative approach Mucin dynamics and enteric pathogens Filoviruses require endosomal cysteine proteases for entry but exhibit distinct protease preferences A risk assessment model for Campylobacter in broiler meat Central to understanding virus replication in step 4 is the application of proteomics to determine protein-protein contacts in situ in the infected cell and thus how the individual virus proteins associate with host cell proteins and hence work together. keywords: binding; cell; data; dose; et al; host; human; infection; nov; omics; pathogen; proteins; rna; step; virus; viruses cache: cord-266985-9qwttt2y.txt plain text: cord-266985-9qwttt2y.txt item: #486 of 1203 id: cord-267003-k7eo2c26 author: Hendaus, Mohamed A title: Virus-induced secondary bacterial infection: a concise review date: 2015-08-24 words: 3471 flesch: 25 summary: For instance, TLR4 and TLR5 pathways are altered after influenza virus infection, resulting in decreased neutrophil attraction, thereby leading to increased attachment of S. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa to the airway epithelial cells. The human body is usually capable of eliminating respiratory viral infections with no sequelae; however, in some cases, viruses bypass the immune response of the airways, causing conceivable severe respiratory diseases. keywords: cells; children; infections; influenza; media; mxa; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-267003-k7eo2c26.txt plain text: cord-267003-k7eo2c26.txt item: #487 of 1203 id: cord-267134-5gz2dotn author: Sallenave, Jean-Michel title: Innate Immune Signaling and Proteolytic Pathways in the Resolution or Exacerbation of SARS-CoV-2 in Covid-19: Key Therapeutic Targets? date: 2020-05-28 words: 5364 flesch: 23 summary: A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis in an in vitro model of the human conducting airway epithelium SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells Innate immune response of human alveolar type II cells infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets SARS-associated coronavirus transmitted from human to pig Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 Tmprss2 is essential for influenza H1N1 virus pathogenesis in mice This manuscript has been released as a pre-print at OSF (100 Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series Breadth of concomitant immune responses prior to patient recovery: a case report of non-severe COVID-19 Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China Elevated exhaustion levels and reduced functional diversity of T cells in peripheral blood may predict severe progression in COVID-19 patients Human coronavirus: host-pathogen interaction Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis Structural insights into coronavirus entry The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furinlike cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade Type II transmembrane serine proteases Type II transmembrane serine proteases in cancer and viral infections Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium Influenza virus activating host proteases: identification, localization and inhibitors as potential therapeutics Proteasemediated enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsin-like protease SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor Enhanced isolation of SARS-CoV-2 by TMPRSS2-expressing cells Molecular basis of binding between novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV and its receptor CD26 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. keywords: cells; coronavirus; cov; cov-2; epithelial; host; human; infection; influenza; lung; protein; responses; sars cache: cord-267134-5gz2dotn.txt plain text: cord-267134-5gz2dotn.txt item: #488 of 1203 id: cord-267140-vdcf6vok author: Trudel, M. title: Purification of infectious rubella virus by gel filtration on sepharose 2B compared to gradient centrifugation in sucrose, sodium metrizoate and metrizamide date: 1981-02-28 words: 1724 flesch: 41 summary: We first studied the stability of rubella virus infectivity in these media. The method of choice for the purification of rubella virus has always been sucrose density gradient (Vaheri et al., 1969; keywords: purification; rubella; sodium; sucrose; virus cache: cord-267140-vdcf6vok.txt plain text: cord-267140-vdcf6vok.txt item: #489 of 1203 id: cord-267194-i6vetquk author: Carman, William F. title: The pathogens date: 2007-10-31 words: 4500 flesch: 53 summary: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was discovered by Bernadette van den Hoogen and colleagues while looking at retrospective specimens for new respiratory viruses in patients where no respiratory viruses had been detected ( Van den Hoogen et al., 2001) . Enteroviruses are commonly cited as causes of respiratory infection, mostly URTI. keywords: children; disease; human; infections; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-267194-i6vetquk.txt plain text: cord-267194-i6vetquk.txt item: #490 of 1203 id: cord-267261-8z4aqfff author: Su, John R. title: Emerging viral infections date: 2005-03-01 words: 6891 flesch: 39 summary: Second lab accident fuels fears about SARS Neurotropic virus isolated from blood of native of Uganda West Nile virus: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and prevention Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States Potential North American vectors of West Nile virus West Nile virus Widespread West Nile virus activity, eastern United States Introduction of West Nile virus in the Middle East by migrating white storks Update: investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of organ transplantation and blood transfusion-Michigan Ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine Investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusions Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding-Michigan and investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusion and organ transplantation Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients Detection of West Nile virus in blood donations-United States West Nile virus infection transmitted by blood transfusion Clinical and laboratory observations in an outbreak of West Nile fever in Israel in 1957 The West Nile Virus outbreak of 1999 in New York: the Flushing Hospital experience West Nile virus: a primer for the clinician Neurological features of West Nile virus infection during the 2000 outbreak in a regional hospital in Israel Clinical findings of West Nile virus infection in hospitalized patients Clinical characteristics of the West Nile fever outbreak, Israel A follow-up study of persons infected with West Nile virus during a 1999 outbreak in the New York City area An introduction to Ebola: the virus and the disease Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus Short report: lack of virus replication in arthropods after intrathoracic inoculation of Ebola Reston virus Field investigations of an outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: arthropod studies Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis Description of compensated and uncompensated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) responses (non-overt and overt DIC) in baboon models of intravenous and intraperitoneal Escherichia coli sepsis and in the human model of endotoxemia: toward a better definition of DIC Protein C levels as a prognostic indicator of outcome in sepsis and related diseases Assessment of protective immunity conferred by recombinant vaccinia viruses to guinea pigs challenged with Ebola virus DNA vaccines expressing either the GP or NP genes of Ebola virus protect mice from lethal challenge Immunization for Ebola virus infection Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates Treatment of lethal Ebola virus infection in mice with a single dose of an S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor Antiviral drug therapy of filovirus infections: Sadenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors inhibit Ebola virus in vitro and in a lethal mouse model Diagnosis of Ebola haemorrhagic fever by RT-PCR in an epidemic setting ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses Detection of Ebola viral antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a novel monoclonal antibody to nucleoprotein Detection and molecular characterization of Ebola viruses causing disease in human and nonhuman primates Ebola between outbreaks: intensified Ebola hemorrhagic fever surveillance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1981-1985 Defense against filoviruses used as biological weapons Biohazard: the chilling true story of the largest covert biological weapons program in the world-told from inside by the man who ran it Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean Hemorrhagic fever Etiology and epidemiology of the Four Corners hantavirus outbreak Epidemiologic linkage of rodent and human hantavirus genomic sequences in case investigations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Adaptation of Puumala hantavirus to cell culture is associated with point mutations in the coding region of the L segment and in the noncoding regions of the S segment Quasispecies in wild-type tula hantavirus populations Naturally occurring Sin Nombre virus genetic reassortants Genetic interaction between distinct Dobrava hantavirus subtypes in Apodemus agrarius and A. flavicollis in nature Recombination in Tula hantavirus evolution: analysis of genetic lineages from Slovakia Experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to humans in rural housing Genetics of hantaviruses: implications to taxonomy Hantaviruses. keywords: cases; clinical; diagnosis; disease; fever; hantavirus; human; infection; mpv; nile; outbreak; patients; sars; syndrome; virus; viruses; west; wnv cache: cord-267261-8z4aqfff.txt plain text: cord-267261-8z4aqfff.txt item: #491 of 1203 id: cord-267326-355q6k6k author: Gu, Xiaoqiong title: Geospatial distribution of viromes in tropical freshwater ecosystems date: 2018-06-15 words: 8436 flesch: 35 summary: Viral communities in different reservoirs in terms of land use impact were compared and the majority of viral communities were largely conserved and stable at the family level with Myoviridae, Siphoviridae and Podoviridae as the main family level, and small differences observed in Dicistroviridae and other families (Fig. 2B) . Bacteriophage observations and evolution The marine viromes of four oceanic regions The GAAS metagenomic tool and its estimations of viral and microbial average genome size in four major biomes Globally mobile populations and the spread of emerging pathogens Prevalence and genetic diversity of waterborne pathogenic viruses in surface waters of tropical urban catchments Prevalence and genotypes of human noroviruses in tropical urban surface waters and clinical samples in Singapore Identification of viral pathogen diversity in sewage sludge by metagenome analysis Genomic analysis of uncultured marine viral communities The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments Oxygen minimum zones harbour novel viral communities with low diversity Spatial and temporal variability across life's hierarchies in the terrestrial Antarctic Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River watershed: hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables Metagenomic analysis of coastal RNA virus communities Human norovirus transmission and evolution in a changing world Bacteria-phage interactions in natural environments Functional metagenomic profiling of nine biomes Metagenomic analysis of RNA viruses in a fresh water lake Zoonotic hepatitis E virus: classification, animal reservoirs and transmission routes Dynamic viral populations in hypersaline systems as revealed by metagenomic assembly Viruses in the desert: a metagenomic survey of viral communities in four perennial ponds of the Mauritanian Sahara Global consequences of land use A latitudinal diversity gradient in planktonic marine bacteria Cyclovirus CyCV-VN species distribution is not limited to Vietnam and extends to Viral metagenomics analysis of planktonic viruses in East Lake Diarrhea and enteric emerging viruses in HIV-infected patients Bacteriophages: update on application as models for viruses in water Unbiased detection of respiratory viruses by use of RNA sequencing-based metagenomics: a systematic comparison to a commercial PCR panel Enteric viruses and diarrhea in HIV-infected patients Ecology drives the worldwide distribution of human diseases Novoalign. keywords: areas; community; contigs; diversity; et al; human; land; metagenomics; pathogens; qpcr; reads; reservoirs; singapore; study; tributaries; virome; viruses; water cache: cord-267326-355q6k6k.txt plain text: cord-267326-355q6k6k.txt item: #492 of 1203 id: cord-267567-w39f584z author: Pombo, Joao Palma title: Perturbation of Intracellular Cholesterol and Fatty Acid Homeostasis During Flavivirus Infections date: 2018-06-04 words: 4049 flesch: 17 summary: Elucidating the specific alterations incurred upon virus infections would allow novel therapeutic approaches to emerge through targeted inhibition of such metabolic pathways. Different strategies can be employed to interfere with virus infection, including those involving lipid utilization; notwithstanding, it is tempting to speculate that drugs already in clinical use against cholesterol and fatty acid metabolic pathways might be repurposed to boost antiviral immunity and provide resistance to infection. keywords: acid; cells; cholesterol; host; infection; lipid; metabolism; replication; type; virus cache: cord-267567-w39f584z.txt plain text: cord-267567-w39f584z.txt item: #493 of 1203 id: cord-267671-ys43n672 author: Whary, Mark T. title: Biology and Diseases of Mice date: 2015-07-10 words: 63704 flesch: 37 summary: If an endogenous retrovirus is still infectious to other mouse cell targets, it is termed ecotropic, whereas if it is no longer infectious for mouse cells, but can infect cells of other species, it is termed xenotropic. Recombinant viruses have recently been discovered that can infect mouse cells and heterologous cells and are associated with spontaneous leukemia development in high leukemia strains such as AKR mice. keywords: acute; adult mice; age; animal; bacterial; blood; breeding; c mice; c57bl/6 mice; cause; cells; chronic; clinical; colonies; common; complications; control; days; detection; development; diagnosis; differential; difficile; disease; eggs; epithelium; epizootiology; et al; etiology; feces; female; fig; gene; genome; hair; helicobacter; hepaticus; high; host; humans; hyperplasia; immune; immunity; immunodeficient mice; infant mice; infection; inflammation; inoculation; intestine; laboratory mice; lesions; lines; liver; lymph; male; medicine; mhv; mice; mouse; mouse colonies; mouse strains; murine; necrosis; organisms; pathology; pcr; potential; prevention; primary; rats; research; responses; results; scid; signs; skin; species; specific; spleen; strains; studies; susceptibility; system; tissues; tract; transmission; treatment; tumors; type; virus; virus infection; viruses; weeks cache: cord-267671-ys43n672.txt plain text: cord-267671-ys43n672.txt item: #494 of 1203 id: cord-267733-fuz8r3vj author: Al Ali, Sally title: Use of Reporter Genes in the Generation of Vaccinia Virus-Derived Vectors date: 2016-05-21 words: 7989 flesch: 38 summary: Viruses Poxvirus host cell entry Comparative analysis of viral gene expression programs during poxvirus infection: A transcriptional map of the vaccinia and monkeypox genomes Vaccinia virus morphogenesis and dissemination Vaccinia virus infection & temporal analysis of virus gene expression: Part 1 Exploring vaccinia virus as a tool for large-scale recombinant protein expression Evaluation of production parameters with the vaccinia virus expression system using microcarrier attached HeLa cells Cis-and trans-acting elements involved in reactivation of vaccinia virus early transcription Recombinant vaccines and the development of new vaccine strategies. This reporter gene system has been widely used in transgenic plants, and it has also been successfully used in mammalian cells for VACV recombinant virus selection keywords: cell; expression; gene; genome; insertion; protein; recombinant; reporter; selection; vaccines; vaccinia; vacv; vectors; virus; viruses cache: cord-267733-fuz8r3vj.txt plain text: cord-267733-fuz8r3vj.txt item: #495 of 1203 id: cord-267831-uu883ofc author: Kang, Yuan-Lin title: Inhibition of PIKfyve kinase prevents infection by Zaire ebolavirus and SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-06-15 words: 1272 flesch: 5 summary: Lassa virus entry requires a trigger-induced 658 receptor switch Old world 660 arenaviruses enter the host cell via the multivesicular body and depend on the 661 endosomal sorting complex required for transport Coincidence detection in phosphoinositide signaling PIKfyve, a mammalian ortholog of 665 yeast Fab1p lipid kinase, synthesizes 5-phosphoinositides. Analogues as Inhibitors by Virtual Drug Screening and Chemical Synthesis Vacuolin-1 potently and reversibly inhibits autophagosome-703 lysosome fusion by activating RAB5A Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the 705 oral interleukin-12/23 inhibitor apilimod mesylate for treatment of active Crohn's 706 disease Apilimod inhibits the production of IL-12 and IL-23 and 708 reduces dendritic cell infiltration in psoriasis The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate 5-kinase inhibitor 710 apilimod blocks filoviral entry and infection Ebola virus requires phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate 712 production for efficient viral entry Visualization of Ebola Virus Fusion Triggering in the Endocytic Pathway A phase 1/2A trial of STA 5326 inhibitor, in patients with active moderate to severe Crohn's disease Brief report: a phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, 720 placebo-controlled trial of apilimod mesylate patients with rheumatoid arthritis Arbidol and Other Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs That 723 Inhibit Lassa and Ebola Viruses Identification of Combinations of Approved Drugs With Synergistic Activity Against Ebola Virus in Cell Cultures Characterization of VPS34-IN1, a selective inhibitor of 728 Vps34, reveals that the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-binding SGK3 protein 729 kinase is a downstream target of class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute 732 respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces 733 viral control by the humoral immune response A transmembrane serine protease is linked to the severe 735 acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor and activates virus entry Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory 738 syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and 741 TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor Characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-744 associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein-mediated viral entry Identification of apilimod as a first-in-class PIKfyve kinase 747 inhibitor for treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma The VP1 750 subunit of JC polyomavirus recapitulates early events in viral trafficking and is a 751 novel tool to study polyomavirus entry The Phosphoinositide Kinase PIKfyve Promotes 753 Small molecule inhibitors reveal Niemann-Pick C1 is 756 essential for Ebola virus infection Endosome-to-cytosol transport of viral nucleocapsids Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry Tracking the Fate of Genetically Distinct Vesicular 762 Stomatitis Virus Matrix Proteins Highlights the Role for Late Domains in 763 Assembly Uptake of rabies virus into 765 epithelial cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends upon actin A 768 forward genetic strategy reveals destabilizing mutations in the Ebolavirus 769 glycoprotein that alter its protease dependence during cell entry Efficient recovery of infectious 772 vesicular stomatitis virus entirely from cDNA clones Genome engineering using the CRISPR-Cas9 system Identification and characterization of a novel broad 777 spectrum virus entry inhibitor A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding 779 domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV The first five seconds in the 781 life of a clathrin-coated pit 614 We thank Walter J. Atwood for providing the parental SVG-A cells, Eric Marino, Justin 615 H. Houser and Tegy John Vadakkan for maintaining the spinning disc confocal *** ** ** *** *** *** *** A Table I Table II keywords: cell; entry; kinase; pikfyve; sars; virus cache: cord-267831-uu883ofc.txt plain text: cord-267831-uu883ofc.txt item: #496 of 1203 id: cord-268417-6eyetb5i author: Mandel, Benjamin title: Neutralization of Animal Viruses date: 1978-12-31 words: 23029 flesch: 41 summary: Subsequent studies (Rowlands et al., 1971 ) revealed that the antigens located at the vertexes were involved in stimulating the production of neutralizing antibody. Recently, Cavan-agh et al. (1977) reported that the VP, capsid polypeptide of FMD virus induced neutralizing antibody. keywords: activity; animal; antibodies; antibody; antiserum; binding; complement; complex; complexes; et al; fab; fraction; igg; interaction; mandel; neutralization; neutralizing; rabbit; rate; reaction; sera; serum; studies; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-268417-6eyetb5i.txt plain text: cord-268417-6eyetb5i.txt item: #497 of 1203 id: cord-268501-z4oztgi0 author: Palatnik-de-Sousa, Clarisa B. title: What Would Jenner and Pasteur Have Done About COVID-19 Coronavirus? The Urges of a Vaccinologist date: 2020-08-26 words: 6333 flesch: 36 summary: It was concluded that, the immunopathology of SARS vaccines was a consequence to a Th2 type of response to the antigen and it was avoided in vaccines that drive the response to a Th1 immunity, with or without adjuvants (53) . In fact, inactivated vaccines preserve the intact structure of the antigens and their B-cell epitopes that enable them to interact with the antibody paratopes, and promote the synthesis of neutralizing antibodies. keywords: antibodies; chadox1; cov-2; disease; efficacy; human; inactivated; phase; protein; sars; sinovac; trials; vaccine; virus cache: cord-268501-z4oztgi0.txt plain text: cord-268501-z4oztgi0.txt item: #498 of 1203 id: cord-268540-wrjzr3ws author: Park, You Jeong title: Fighting the War Against COVID-19 via Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine: Lessons Learned from 1918 Spanish Flu and Other Previous Pandemics date: 2020-08-13 words: 16386 flesch: 42 summary: Clinical improvement following stem cell treatment will be assessed via frequency of adverse incidents, mortality rate, the number of ventilator and ICU free days, total hospital and ICU days, and improvement in oxygenation. The potent binding of SP to ACE2 and subsequent cellular infection may explain the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in COVID-19 patients. keywords: ace2; acute; cells; convalescent; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; disease; human; immune; infection; lung; mesenchymal; mscs; patients; plasma; sars; stem; stem cells; symptoms; syndrome; therapy; treatment; vaccine; virus cache: cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt plain text: cord-268540-wrjzr3ws.txt item: #499 of 1203 id: cord-268593-rvxxv1dn author: Wang, Mingyang title: Hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (HEF) protein of influenza C virus date: 2015-07-28 words: 10182 flesch: 37 summary: Established cell line sensitive to influenza C virus Host range restriction and pathogenicity in the context of influenza pandemic Characterization of the cordlike structures emerging from the surface of influenza C virusinfected cells The ability of influenza C virus to generate cord-like structures is influenced by the gene coding for M protein Properties of influenza C virus grown in cell culture The cytoplasmic tail of the influenza C virus glycoprotein HEF negatively affects transport to the cell surface Demonstration of hemolytic and fusion activities of influenza C virus Distribution of the antibody to influenza C virus in dogs and pigs in Yamagata Prefecture A seven plasmid-based system for the rescue of influenza C virus Influenza C virus CM2 integral membrane glycoprotein is produced from a polypeptide precursor by cleavage of an internal signal sequence Cell surface expression of biologically active influenza C virus HEF glycoprotein expressed from cDNA Genetic reassortment of influenza C viruses in man Structure of the influenza C glycoprotein gene as determined from cloned DNA The catalytic triad of the influenza C virus glycoprotein HEF esterase: characterization by site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis 5' and 3' terminal nucleotide sequences of the RNA genome segments of influenza virus Influenza C virus uses 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid as a high affinity receptor determinant for attachment to cells Structure of the haemagglutinin-esterase-fusion glycoprotein of influenza C virus Influenza virus assembly and budding Influenza virus M2 protein mediates ESCRT-independent membrane scission Fatty acids on the A/USSR/77 influenza virus hemagglutinin facilitate the transition from hemifusion to fusion pore formation Influenza C virus high seroprevalence rates observed in 3 different population groups Sialic acids as receptor determinants for coronaviruses Disulfide bond formation during the folding of influenza virus hemagglutinin Receptor binding and membrane fusion in virus entry: the influenza hemagglutinin Genetic diversity and evolution of the influenza C virus Deacylation of the hemagglutinin of influenza A/Aichi/2/68 has no effect on membrane fusion properties The influenza C virus CM2 protein can alter intracellular pH, and its transmembrane domain can substitute for that of the influenza A virus M2 protein and support infectious virus production Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease Effects of various proteases on the glycoprotein composition and the infectivity of influenza C virus A single point mutation of the influenza C virus glycoprotein (HEF) changes the viral receptor-binding activity Post-translational folding of the influenza C virus glycoprotein HEF: defective processing in cells expressing the cloned gene Intrinsic temperature sensitivity of influenza C virus hemagglutininesterase-fusion protein Studies on survival of influenza virus between epidemics and antigenic variants of the virus A further note on 1233 influenza C virus Avian influenza: a review Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigs Influence of acylation sites of influenza B virus hemagglutinin on fusion pore formation and dilation Palmitoylation of virus proteins Timing of palmitoylation of influenza virus hemagglutinin Association of influenza virus proteins with membrane rafts The hemagglutinating glycoproteins of influenza B and C viruses are acylated with different fatty acids Site-specific mutagenesis identifies three cysteine residues in the cytoplasmic tail as acylation sites of influenza virus hemagglutinin Cytoplasmic tail length influences fatty acid selection for acylation of viral glycoproteins Palmitoylation of influenza virus proteins The influenza C virus glycoprotein (HE) exhibits receptor-binding (hemagglutinin) and receptor-destroying (esterase) activities Human and bovine coronaviruses recognize sialic acid-containing receptors similar to those of influenza C viruses Detection of influenza C virus by using an in situ esterase assay Acylationmediated membrane anchoring of avian influenza virus hemagglutinin is essential for fusion pore formation and virus infectivity The fine structure of influenza A, B and C viruses Prevalence of antibody to influenza C virus among pigs in Hyogo Prefecture Evidence that the matrix protein of influenza C virus is coded for by a spliced mRNA Comparison of the three large polymerase proteins of influenza A, B, and C viruses Distribution of influenza C virus infection in dogs and pigs in Bavaria Structure of coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase offers insight into corona and influenza virus evolution X-ray crystallographic determination of the structure of the influenza C virus haemagglutinin-esterase-fusion glycoprotein Influenza virus assembly and lipid raft microdomains: a role for the cytoplasmic tails of the spike glycoproteins Modification of sialic acids by 9-O-acetylation is detected in human leucocytes using the lectin property of influenza C virus Mutations at palmitylation sites of the influenza virus hemagglutinin affect virus formation The work in the authors' laboratory on influenza virus is supported by the German Research Foundation (SFB 740, TP C3). keywords: acid; amino; c virus; esterase; et al; fusion; hef; hemagglutinin; influenza; influenza virus; membrane; protein; receptor; residues; structure; virus; viruses cache: cord-268593-rvxxv1dn.txt plain text: cord-268593-rvxxv1dn.txt item: #500 of 1203 id: cord-268645-5op2m7pu author: Wu, Zhiqiang title: Deciphering the bat virome catalog to better understand the ecological diversity of bat viruses and the bat origin of emerging infectious diseases date: 2015-08-11 words: 5953 flesch: 40 summary: key: cord-268645-5op2m7pu authors: Wu, Zhiqiang; Yang, Li; Ren, Xianwen; He, Guimei; Zhang, Junpeng; Yang, Jian; Qian, Zhaohui; Dong, Jie; Sun, Lilian; Zhu, Yafang; Du, Jiang; Yang, Fan; Zhang, Shuyi; Jin, Qi title: Deciphering the bat virome catalog to better understand the ecological diversity of bat viruses and the bat origin of emerging infectious diseases date: 2015-08-11 journal: The ISME Journal DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.138 sha: doc_id: 268645 cord_uid: 5op2m7pu Studies have demonstrated that ~60%–80% of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in humans originated from wild life. In conclusion, the understanding of the viral community characteristics, genetics and ecological distribution of bat viruses could enable the rapid identification of novel viruses with variant genomes and could thus facilitate the tracing of EIDs in bats. keywords: bat; bats; covs; et al; figure; human; novel; reads; samples; sars; species; table; viruses cache: cord-268645-5op2m7pu.txt plain text: cord-268645-5op2m7pu.txt item: #501 of 1203 id: cord-268788-jcu3pasy author: Thor, Sharmi W. title: Recombination in Avian Gamma-Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus date: 2011-09-23 words: 4430 flesch: 43 summary: In addition, the only fragments that USA viruses have in common with the viruses from China and Taiwan are fragments also associated with Mass type vaccines, which are used in both regions, providing further evidence that some of the fragments in field viruses come from vaccines. That result and the observation in Figure 1 that the viruses separated into clades based on geographic location also supports the conclusion that USA viruses have not recombined with Asian viruses. keywords: coronavirus; fragments; genome; ibv; mass; recombination; sequence; strains; virus; viruses cache: cord-268788-jcu3pasy.txt plain text: cord-268788-jcu3pasy.txt item: #502 of 1203 id: cord-268999-6748c617 author: Gibson, Kristen E title: Viral pathogens in water: occurrence, public health impact, and available control strategies date: 2014-01-14 words: 4053 flesch: 28 summary: The role of wastewater treatment in protecting water supplies against emerging pathogens Municipal wastewater treatment plants as pathogen removal systems and as a contamination source of noroviruses and Enterococcus faecalis Demonstrates municipal wastewater treatment plants as a source of human enteric viruses in both recreational and drinking water sources Presence of human noro-and adenoviruses in river and treated wastewater, a longitudinal study and method comparison Challenges in environmental detection of human viral pathogens Highlights the challenges and limitations surrounding the recovery and detection of human enteric viruses in environmental water sources Detection of enteric viruses in treated drinking water Viruses in drinking water Tangential-flow ultrafiltration with integrated inhibition detection for recovery of surrogates and human pathogens from large-volume source water and finished drinking water Detection of infectious enteroviruses and adenoviruses in tap water in urban areas in Korea Detection of enteric viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium in two different types of drinking water treatment facilities Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water Analysis of adenoviruses and polyomaviruses quantified by qPCR as indicators of water quality in source and drinking-water treatment plants Evaluation of methodology for detection of human adenoviruses in wastewater, drinking water, stream water and recreational waters Real-time PCR detection of enteric viruses in source water and treated drinking water in Wuhan, China Utilizes epidemiological data as well as tracer dye test to determine contamination of a fractured rock aquifer with human norovirus Riverbank filtration: comparison of pilot scale transport with theory A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human enteric viruses in groundwater Incidence of enteric viruses in groundwater from household wells in Wisconsin Assessment of sewer source contamination of drinking water wells using tracers and human enteric viruses Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys Detection of bacterial indicators and human and bovine enteric viruses in surface water and groundwater sources potentially impacted by animal and human wastes in Lower Yakima Valley Viruses in non-disinfected drinking water from municipal wells and community incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness Provides evidence that populations served by groundwater-source public water systems producing water without disinfection are exposed to waterborne viruses along with an increased incidence of AGI Nationwide groundwater surveillance of noroviruses in South Korea Comprehensive review of groundwater contamination with viruses in a high-income country other than the United States Occurrence of norovirus and other enteric viruses in untreated groundwaters of Korea US drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century Viruses in recreational waterborne disease outbreaks: a review Food Safety News: 200 Ill With Norovirus Infections After Swimming in WI Lake WHO: Outbreaks of Waterborne Diseases Norovirus outbreak among primary schoolchildren who had played in a recreational water fountain Massive outbreak of viral gastroenteritis associated with consumption of municipal drinking water in a European capital city An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus-contaminated groundwater at a waterpark in Korea Microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions Point of use household drinking water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world Using limes and synthetic psoralens to enhance solar disinfection of water (SODIS): a laboratory evaluation with Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2 Microbiological effectiveness of locally produced ceramic filters for drinking water treatment in Cambodia The efficacy of simulated solar disinfection (SODIS) against coxsackievirus, poliovirus and hepatitis A virus Bacterial, viral and turbidity removal by intermittent slow sand filtration for household use in developing countries: experimental investigation and modelling Impact of water-vending kiosks and hygiene education on household drinking water quality in rural Ghana Evaluation of human enteric viruses in surface water and drinking water resources in southern Ghana Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades Micro and Ultrafiltration Performance Specifications Based on Microbial Removal. The occurrence of human enteric viruses in water remains largely unknown unless an outbreak is reported and samples are collected since water sources are not routinely tested for viruses. keywords: detection; drinking; enteric; human; pathogens; treatment; viruses; water; waterborne cache: cord-268999-6748c617.txt plain text: cord-268999-6748c617.txt item: #503 of 1203 id: cord-269126-d81z6t0a author: Jayaseelan, Vijayashree Priyadharsini title: Repurposing calcium channel blockers as antiviral drugs date: 2020-08-19 words: 1143 flesch: 31 summary: Hence, calcium channel blockers may be considered as an effective measure in the containment of the viruses. An alternative strategy could be to use other forms of anti-hypertensive drugs with a special emphasis on calcium channel blockers. keywords: calcium; channel; virus cache: cord-269126-d81z6t0a.txt plain text: cord-269126-d81z6t0a.txt item: #504 of 1203 id: cord-269193-a647hwu9 author: Lin, Debby A. title: Evolutionary relatedness of the predicted gene product of RNA segment 2 of the Tick-Borne Dhori virus and the PB1 polymerase gene of influenza viruses date: 1991-05-31 words: 2955 flesch: 46 summary: Nick-translated DNAs of plasmids pD21-39, pD50-40, pD43-22, pD68-30, pD22-39, pD26-16, and pD12a-35 hybridized to RNAs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively in a Northern blot analysis of Dhori virus RNA (Fig. 1) 35, contains a small insert of segment 1 as well as an belonging to the group that hybridized to RNA seginsert for segment 7 (unpublished results). The sequence of the third largest segment of Thogoto/SiAr/l26/72 virus was recently determined (Staunton et al., 1989) unique in having a net negative charge unlike the net positive charge of the corresponding A, B, and C virus proteins. keywords: dhori; influenza; protein; rna; sequence; virus cache: cord-269193-a647hwu9.txt plain text: cord-269193-a647hwu9.txt item: #505 of 1203 id: cord-269324-zh1a3gwh author: Mubareka, Samira title: Human Genes and Influenza date: 2008-01-01 words: 1824 flesch: 30 summary: Interestingly, better survival rates have been demonstrated for TLR3 knockout mice than for wild-type mice, despite the TLR3 knockout mice having higher lung virus titers after influenza virus infection [14] . All of these genes would be excellent candidates for an analysis to iden-tify determinants of severity of disease after influenza virus infection. keywords: factors; genes; infection; influenza; virus cache: cord-269324-zh1a3gwh.txt plain text: cord-269324-zh1a3gwh.txt item: #506 of 1203 id: cord-269426-82g5eiyg author: Holman, David H. title: Viral Vectors date: 2009-01-30 words: 8741 flesch: 24 summary: As a result, much work has focused on the use of recombinant virus vectors as a means for vaccination against human pathogens. This chapter describes the use of virus vectors in the context of vaccination against human pathogens. keywords: aav; adenovirus; alphavirus; dna; et al; expression; gene; genome; humans; immunity; recombinant; transgene; type; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; vectors; virus; viruses cache: cord-269426-82g5eiyg.txt plain text: cord-269426-82g5eiyg.txt item: #507 of 1203 id: cord-269519-8hr8wyrr author: Hirotsu, Yosuke title: Analysis of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 viruses, including influenza viruses, to determine the influence of intensive preventive measures in Japan date: 2020-07-07 words: 1599 flesch: 48 summary: key: cord-269519-8hr8wyrr authors: Hirotsu, Yosuke; Maejima, Makoto; Shibusawa, Masahiro; Amemiya, Kenji; Nagakubo, Yuki; Hosaka, Kazuhiro; Sueki, Hitomi; Mochizuki, Hitoshi; Tsutsui, Toshiharu; Kakizaki, Yumiko; Miyashita, Yoshihiro; Omata, Masao title: Analysis of Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 viruses, including influenza viruses, to determine the influence of intensive preventive measures in Japan date: 2020-07-07 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104543 sha: doc_id: 269519 cord_uid: 8hr8wyrr BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread and caused death worldwide. However, the extent to which SARS-CoV-2, influenza viruses and other causative viruses have prevailed since implementing preventive measures is unclear. keywords: cov-2; influenza; patients; sars; viruses cache: cord-269519-8hr8wyrr.txt plain text: cord-269519-8hr8wyrr.txt item: #508 of 1203 id: cord-269623-9pxdeva3 author: Nicholson, Karl G title: Influenza date: 2003-11-22 words: 9809 flesch: 36 summary: Of the three types of influenza viruses-A, B, and C-only types A and B cause widespread outbreaks. In southern China, influenza viruses circulate throughout the year. keywords: avian; children; efficacy; h5n1; human; illness; influenza; neuraminidase; oseltamivir; pandemic; people; treatment; vaccination; vaccines; virus; viruses; years; zanamivir cache: cord-269623-9pxdeva3.txt plain text: cord-269623-9pxdeva3.txt item: #509 of 1203 id: cord-269975-1ebmq7t8 author: Duplantier, Allen J. title: Combating biothreat pathogens: ongoing efforts for countermeasure development and unique challenges date: 2020-05-27 words: 12977 flesch: 23 summary: infection Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430 BioCryst Pharmaceuticals BioCryst announces study results for BCX4430 in a non-human primate model of Ebola Virus infection BioCryst Pharmaceuticals BioCryst announces positive study results for BCX4430 delayed treatment of Ebola virus infection in a non-human primate model Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model Intracellular conversion and in vivo dose response of favipiravir (T-705) in rodents infected with Ebola virus Synthesis of [(18)F] favipiravir and biodistribution in C3H/HeN mice as assessed by positron emission tomography Efficacy of favipiravir (T-705) in nonhuman primates infected with Ebola virus or Marburg virus Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys FDA-approved selective estrogen receptor modulators inhibit Ebola virus infection Singledose pharmacokinetic study of clomiphene citrate isomers in anovular patients with polycystic ovary disease A screen of approved drugs and molecular probes identifies therapeutics with anti-Ebola virus activity Categorization and prioritization of drugs for consideration for testing or use in patients infected with Ebola Addressing therapeutic options for Ebola virus infection in current and future outbreaks A rapid screening assay identifies monotherapy with interferon-ss and combination therapies with nucleoside analogs as effective inhibitors of Ebola virus Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections Interferon-beta therapy prolongs survival in rhesus macaque models of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference: a proof-ofconcept study Lipid nanoparticle siRNA treatment of Ebola-virus-Makona-infected nonhuman primates Discovery and early development of AVI-7537 and AVI-7288 for the treatment of Ebola virus and Marburg virus infections Advanced antisense therapies for postexposure protection against lethal filovirus infections A single phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer targeting VP24 protects rhesus monkeys against lethal Ebola virus infection A potent Lassa virus antiviral targets an arenavirus virulence determinant Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor Lassa virus infection of rhesus monkeys: pathogenesis and treatment with ribavirin Usefulness of monitoring ribavirin plasma concentrations to improve treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis C Stampidine prevents mortality in an experimental mouse model of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus Zidampidine, an aryl phosphate derivative of AZT: in vivo pharmacokinetics, metabolism, toxicity, and anti-viral efficacy against hemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus Use of favipiravir to treat Lassa virus infection in macaques GuthrieW.I.P. Organization, N4-hydroxycytidine and derivatives and anti-viral uses related thereto Efficacy of a ML336 derivative against Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis viruses Development of (E)-2-((1,4-dimethylpiperazin-2-ylidene)amino)-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide, ML336: Monoclonal and cocktail antibody therapies approved by the Food and Drug Administration for countering anthrax and under development for treatment of Ebola virus infection are discussed. keywords: agents; animal; antibodies; antibody; biothreat; burkholderia; cell; combination; development; disease; drug; ebola; efficacy; fever; host; human; infection; inhibitors; model; pathogens; protein; pseudomallei; replication; resistance; screening; studies; target; therapy; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt plain text: cord-269975-1ebmq7t8.txt item: #510 of 1203 id: cord-270091-sqrh8ylt author: Cohen, Pascal title: Vascularites associées aux infections virales date: 2004-11-30 words: 6092 flesch: 27 summary: Groupe de Recherche sur l'Artérite à Cellules Géantes Fatal pulmonary edema in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) associated with adenovirus infection Cutaneous and systemic necrotizing vasculitis in swine Behcet's disease-like symptoms induced by the Herpes simplex virus in ICR mice A wide spectrum of collagen vascular and autoimmune diseases in transgenic rats carrying the env-pX gene of human T lymphocyte virus type I Rozing J, infection-associated cryoglobulinemia Systemic manifestations and liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C and type II or III mixed cryoglobulinemia Cryoglobulinemia in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: host genetic and virological study Hepatitis C, cryoglobulinemia, and cirrhosis: a metaanalysis The natural course of hepatitis C virus infection after 22 years in a unique homogenous cohort: spontaneous viral clearance and chronic HCV infection Hepatitis C virus and its genotypes in patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C with or without a cryoglobulin -related syndrome HCV genotypes and cryoglobulinemia Hepatitis C virus genotype in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinaemia Hepatitis C virus genotype analysis in patients with type II mixed cryoglobulinemia Hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes in patients with hepatitis C, with and without cryoglobulinemia Hepatitis C virus infection among cryoglobulinemic and noncryoglobulinemic B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas Hepatitis C virus genotypes implicated in mixed cryoglobulinemia Hepatitis C virus genotypes and clinical features in hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia Mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: prevalence, significance and relationship with different viral genotypes Influence of HLA DR11 phenotype on the risk of hepatitis C virus associated mixed cryoglobulinemia Haplotype HLA B8-DR3 confers susceptibility to hepatitis C virus-related mixed cryoglobulinemia Genetic predispositions for the presence of cryoglobulinemia and serum autoantibodies in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C Systemic vasculitis in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection Vasculitis and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus Cerebral infarction associated with vasculitis due to varicella zoster virus in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus Profound cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and Froin's Syndrome secondary to widespread necrotizing vasculitis in an HIV-positive patient with varicella zoster virus encephalomyelitis MRI in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cerebral vasculitis Zidovudine-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis Cutaneous vasculitis associated with didanosine Leucocytoclastic vasculitis and indinavir Efavirenz-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis Cutaneous manifestations of antiretroviral therapy Necrotizing arteritis in patients with inflammatory neuropathy and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV III) infections Necrotizing vasculitis of the nervous system in a patient with AIDSrelated complex HIV associated systemic necrotizing vasculitis Periarteritis nodosa-type vasculitis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus The spectrum of vasculitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a clinicopathologic evaluation HIV infection presenting as renal polyarteritis nodosa Polyarteritis nodosa-like vasculitis in human immunodeficiency virus infection Polyarteritis nodosa and HIV infection: no evidence of a direct pathogenic role of HIV Polyarteritis nodosa in human immunodeficiency virus infection: report of four cases and review of the literature Human immunodeficiency virus-related vasculitis: clinical presentation and therapeutic approach to eight cases Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. A prospective study with long-term observation of 41 patients A role for hepatitis C virus infection in type II cryoglobulinemia Human immunodeficiency virus-related vasculitis. keywords: associated; b19; cryoglobulinemia; dans; des; est; hepatitis; human; infection; les; par; parvovirus; patients; sont; traitement; une; vascularites; vasculitis; virus; été cache: cord-270091-sqrh8ylt.txt plain text: cord-270091-sqrh8ylt.txt item: #511 of 1203 id: cord-270161-vaejyy4i author: Reicks, Darwin L. title: Effective biosecurity to protect North American studs and clients from emerging infectious disease date: 2019-10-01 words: 5265 flesch: 50 summary: Widespread eradication of PRRS virus from boar multiplication in the period of 1999e2001 was followed by eradications from boar studs. Since the adaptation of air filtration in boar studs, the introduction of PRRS virus has become a rare event [4] . keywords: boar; disease; farms; filtration; prrs; semen; studs; testing; time; virus cache: cord-270161-vaejyy4i.txt plain text: cord-270161-vaejyy4i.txt item: #512 of 1203 id: cord-270243-moxleyjg author: Cholleti, Harindranath title: Viral metagenomics reveals the presence of highly divergent quaranjavirus in Rhipicephalus ticks from Mozambique date: 2018-05-28 words: 3246 flesch: 44 summary: Parasit Vectors Discovery of novel viruses in mosquitoes from the Zambezi valley of Mozambique Quality control and preprocessing of metagenomic datasets Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses Johnston atoll, and lake chad viruses are novel members of the family orthomyxoviridae Arboviruses isolated from ARGAS TICKS IN Egypt: quaranfil, Chenuda, and Nyamanini Isolation of Nyamanini and Quaranfil viruses from Argas (Persicargas) arboreus ticks in Nigeria Identification and comparison of two viruses isolated from ticks of the genus Ornithodoros Cyclic avian mass mortality in the northeastern USA is associated with a novel orthomyxovirus Cygnet River virus, a novel orthomyxovirus from ducks Unprecedented genomic diversity of RNA viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense RNA viruses. Many of these viral sequences showed very low sequence identity The contigs aligning to the amino acid positions of the closest relative and its identity to known viruses, indicating that they most likely correspond to novel viruses. keywords: family; identity; protein; reads; rhipicephalus; rna; sequences; study; ticks; viruses cache: cord-270243-moxleyjg.txt plain text: cord-270243-moxleyjg.txt item: #513 of 1203 id: cord-270335-8vqi9c68 author: Seifert, Stephanie N title: Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Do Not Support Productive Nipah Virus Replication date: 2019-11-04 words: 3276 flesch: 40 summary: Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses Experimental inoculation of Egyptian rousette bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with viruses of the ebolavirus and marburgvirus genera Experimental inoculation of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with ebola virus Establishment of fruit bat cells (Rousettus aegyptiacus) as a model system for the investigation of filoviral infection SARSlike coronavirus WIV1-CoV does not replicate in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) Membrane fusion tropism and heterotypic functional activities of the Nipah virus and Hendra virus envelope glycoproteins Undiscovered bat hosts of filoviruses Egyptian fruit bats are common in zoological settings because they are small, amenable to handling, and reproduce readily in captivity. keywords: bats; cell; efb; ephrin; fruit; infection; nipah; niv; pteropus; replication; virus cache: cord-270335-8vqi9c68.txt plain text: cord-270335-8vqi9c68.txt item: #514 of 1203 id: cord-270647-vn4kirrx author: Romero-Espinoza, Jose A. title: Virome and bacteriome characterization of children with pneumonia and asthma in Mexico City during winter seasons 2014 and 2015 date: 2018-02-15 words: 3518 flesch: 43 summary: Molecular detection of human rhinoviruses in respiratory samples: a comparison of Taqman probe-, SYBR green I-and BOXTObased real-time PCR assays Detection and Characterization of respiratory viruses causing Acute Respiratory Illness and Asthma Exacerbation in children during Three Different Season (2011-2014) in Mexico City. The role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of bacterial pneumonia: keywords: asthma; children; diseases; dna; et.al; pneumonia; reads; samples; tract; viruses cache: cord-270647-vn4kirrx.txt plain text: cord-270647-vn4kirrx.txt item: #515 of 1203 id: cord-270670-cubh9jxc author: Domingo, E. title: Viruses as Quasispecies: Biological Implications date: 2006 words: 10501 flesch: 29 summary: Despite all cellular organisms being highly polymorphic genetically (in that distinct alleles from a gene are represented among individuals of one biological species), the level of heterogeneity of RNA virus populations confers a much greater adaptability than the levels of polymorphism estimated for cells. The units of selection Lethal mutagenesis of HIV by mutagenic ribonucleoside analogs Lethal mutagenesis of HIV with mutagenic nucleoside analogs Hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B) as a mediator of the antiviral activity of ribavirin Foot-and-mouth disease virus Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatitis Interventional Therapy Group Clonal interference and the evolution of RNA viruses A mutation in tomato aspermy cucumovirus that abolishes cell-to-cell movement is maintained to high levels in the viral RNA population by complementation Pol gene quasispecies of human immunodeficiency virus: mutations associated with drug resistance in virus from patients undergoing no drug therapy Contributions of vesicular stomatitis virus to the understanding of RNA virus evolution Negative effect of genetic bottlenecks on the adaptability of vesicular stomatitis virus Size of genetic bottlenecks leading to virus fitness loss is determined by mean initial population fitness Exponential fitness gains of RNA virus populations are limited by bottleneck effects Density-dependent selection in vesicular stomatitis virus keywords: cell; error; et al; evolution; fitness; genomes; memory; mutant; mutations; number; population; quasispecies; replication; rna; spectra; spectrum; virus; viruses; volume cache: cord-270670-cubh9jxc.txt plain text: cord-270670-cubh9jxc.txt item: #516 of 1203 id: cord-270772-zshjrc87 author: To, Kelvin Kai-Wang title: Host genes and influenza pathogenesis in humans: an emerging paradigm date: 2015-06-14 words: 4128 flesch: 27 summary: In a 7-year-old girl without known immunodeficiency who suffered from severe influenza virus infection, IRF7 mutation was identified using whole exome sequencing [40 ] . Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is persistently elevated in patients with severe influenza virus infection [9] . keywords: cells; genes; host; human; infection; influenza; mice; pandemic; patients; study; virus cache: cord-270772-zshjrc87.txt plain text: cord-270772-zshjrc87.txt item: #517 of 1203 id: cord-270803-jtv5jmkn author: Wang, Lin-Fa title: Mass extinctions, biodiversity and mitochondrial function: are bats ‘special’ as reservoirs for emerging viruses? date: 2011-11-09 words: 5616 flesch: 40 summary: Bat viruses may therefore have co-evolved with or adapted to bats over many millions of years. The long life-span of bats may facilitate the transmission of chronic persistent infections, whereas the unusually large and complex structure of bat populations may ensure a sufficient number of immunologically naive juveniles for bat viruses to persist in bat colonies. keywords: bats; disease; diversity; extinction; host; impact; infection; rate; review; species; viruses cache: cord-270803-jtv5jmkn.txt plain text: cord-270803-jtv5jmkn.txt item: #518 of 1203 id: cord-270911-z637eh2z author: Zhou, Jie title: Differentiated human airway organoids to assess infectivity of emerging influenza virus date: 2018-06-26 words: 5009 flesch: 41 summary: In addition, the differentiation conditions induce elevated levels of serine proteases, which are essential for productive infection of human influenza viruses and low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. In addition, the differentiation conditions induce elevated levels of serine proteases, which are essential for productive infection of human influenza viruses and low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. keywords: airway; aos; avian; cells; h7n9; human; influenza; medium; organoids; virus; viruses cache: cord-270911-z637eh2z.txt plain text: cord-270911-z637eh2z.txt item: #519 of 1203 id: cord-270940-acwkh6ed author: Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari title: Viral zoonoses in Europe date: 2005-06-29 words: 14707 flesch: 41 summary: key: cord-270940-acwkh6ed authors: Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari; Uzcategui, Nathalie; Vapalahti, Olli; Vaheri, Antti title: Viral zoonoses in Europe date: 2005-06-29 journal: FEMS Microbiol Rev DOI: 10.1016/j.femsre.2005.04.012 sha: doc_id: 270940 cord_uid: acwkh6ed A number of new virus infections have emerged or re-emerged during the past 15 years. During the past 15 years a number of new virus infections have emerged or re-emerged. keywords: antibodies; avian; cases; congo; crimean; detection; disease; encephalitis; europe; fever; fever virus; fig; genome; hantavirus; human; infections; influenza; kda; new; patients; protein; rabies; rna; segment; species; table; tick; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-270940-acwkh6ed.txt plain text: cord-270940-acwkh6ed.txt item: #520 of 1203 id: cord-271076-436nxsua author: Paul-Pierre, Pastoret title: Emerging diseases, zoonoses and vaccines to control them date: 2009-10-30 words: 3723 flesch: 39 summary: Misset uitgeverij Factors influencing the antibody response of dogs vaccinated against rabies Genetic and phenotypic correlation between antibody response to Escherichia coli, infectious bursa disease (IBDV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), in broiler lines selected on antibody response to Escherichia coli La faune sauvage et les maladies émergentes The origins of new pandemic viruses: the acquisition of new host ranges by canine parvovirus and influenza A viruses Regulatory issues surrounding the temporary authorisation of animal vaccination in emergency situations: the example of bluetongue in Nipah virus infection of pigs in peninsular Malaysia Recombinant nipah virus vaccines protect pigs against challenge Antigen and vaccine bank: technical requirements and the role of the European antigen bank in emergency foot and mouth disease vaccination Control strategies for highly pathogenic avian influenza: a global perspective Animal genomics for animal health West Nile virus and North America: an unfolding story Rift valley fever The impact of climate change on the epidemiology and control of Rift Valley fever Genetic characterization of Toggenburg Orbivirus, a new bluetongue virus, from goats in Switzerland. It is even more true when facing a really emerging disease that moreover is zoonotic such as Nipah virus infection [27] for which no vaccine was available yet, because the causative agent was previously unknown; the only solution is once again to kill and destroy the infected and in-contact animals. keywords: animal; disease; infection; species; vaccination; vaccines; virus; viruses cache: cord-271076-436nxsua.txt plain text: cord-271076-436nxsua.txt item: #521 of 1203 id: cord-271091-ffn59sgf author: Galao, Rui P title: Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a versatile eukaryotic system in virology date: 2007-10-10 words: 6551 flesch: 35 summary: The strategy to use yeast cells for vaccination could also be used to elicit protective immune responses against human pathogenic yeasts. The amino terminal deletion mutants of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS5A function as transcriptional activators in yeast Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A contains potential transcriptional activator domains Characterization of the nuclear localization signal and subcellular distribution of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein NS5A Hepatitis C virus nonstructural region 5A protein is a potent transcriptional activator The hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with NS5A and activates its caspase-mediated proteolytic cleavage Use of an in vitro model and yeast two-hybrid system to investigate the pathogenesis of hepatitis C Cleavage of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A by a caspase-like protease(s) in mammalian cells Hepatitis C virus core protein: an update on its molecular biology, cellular functions and clinical implications The core protein of hepatitis C virus is imported into the nucleus by transport receptor Kap123p but inhibits Kap121p-dependent nuclear import of yeast AP1-like transcription factor in yeast cells Differential subcellular localization of hepatitis C virus core gene products. keywords: cell; cerevisiae; drug; factors; gene; hcv; hepatitis; host; protein; replication; rna; studies; virus; viruses; yeast cache: cord-271091-ffn59sgf.txt plain text: cord-271091-ffn59sgf.txt item: #522 of 1203 id: cord-271105-eyigl0wz author: Ionidis, Georgios title: Development and virucidal activity of a novel alcohol-based hand disinfectant supplemented with urea and citric acid date: 2016-02-11 words: 5004 flesch: 41 summary: According to the Guideline of the DVV/RKI, a formulation under test conditions must give at least a 4.0 log 10 reduction in infectivity titer of test virus (inactivation ≥ 99.99 %) at the recommended concentration and exposure time to be considered active [22, 34] . Tests according to EN 14476 were run in parallel to the Guideline of DVV/RKI with PV, AdV and MNV as test viruses of the EN 14476 and the corresponding permissive cells The different formulations of the new hand rub based on ethanol, citric acid and urea were screened undiluted (80.0 % due to the addition of test virus suspension and interfering substance) against PV, AdV and polyomavirus SV40 as non-enveloped test viruses of the Guideline of DVV/RKI in the presence of FCS with a fixed exposure time of 60 s. The ethanol and 2-propanol amounts were constant (69.39 % w/w and 3.69 % w/w, respectively) in these assays while citric acid and urea were used in a dosedependent manner. keywords: acid; activity; adv; dvv; formulation; guideline; hand; test; urea; virucidal; viruses cache: cord-271105-eyigl0wz.txt plain text: cord-271105-eyigl0wz.txt item: #523 of 1203 id: cord-271122-3fsl5589 author: Wathes, D. Claire title: Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility date: 2019-07-24 words: 7116 flesch: 39 summary: optimizing performance of the Offspring: nourishing and managing the dam and postnatal calf for optimal lactation, reproduction, and immunity Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus in ruminants Herd-level prevalence of selected endemic infectious diseases of dairy cows in Great Britain BVDV genotypes and biotypes: practical implications for diagnosis and control Pestiviruses: how to outmaneuver your hosts Viral quasispecies Establishment of persistent infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle is associated with a failure to induce type I interferon Differential activation of interferon regulatory factors-3 and -7 by non-cytopathogenic and cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhoea virus Association of bovine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization with a noncytopathic strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus type II Epidemiology of prolonged testicular infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus Infectivity of pestivirus following persistence of acute infection Bovine viral diarrhoea: pathogenesis and diagnosis Ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of interferon regulatory factor-3 induced by Npro from a cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus TRIM56 is a virus-and interferoninducible E3 ubiquitin ligase that restricts pestivirus infection Pestiviral E rns blocks TLR-3-dependent IFN synthesis by LL37 complexed RNA A field investigation of the effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection around the time of insemination on the reproductive performance of cattle The effects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus on cattle reproduction in relation to disease control The effect of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of Swiss dairy cattle Reproductive and economic impact following controlled introduction of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus into a naive group of heifers Efficacy of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccination to prevent reproductive disease: a meta-analysis Changes in ovarian follicles following acute infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus Bovine viral diarrhoea virus: its effects on ovarian function in the cow The effect of bovine pestivirus infection on the superovulatory response of Friesian heifers Reproductive consequences of infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus Detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the ovaries of cattle acutely infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus Modulation of sex hormone secretion in cows by acute infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus What is stress, and how does it affect reproduction? Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on the endometrial response to lipopolysaccharide Acute bovine viral diarrhea virus infection inhibits expression of interferon s-stimulated genes in bovine endometrium BVDV alters uterine prostaglandin production during pregnancy recognition in cows Steroidal regulation of uterine resistance to bacterial infection in livestock Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces an endocrine switch from prostaglandin F 2 a to prostaglandin E 2 in bovine endometrium Effect of interferon-s on prostaglandin biosynthesis, transport, and signaling at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle: evidence of polycrine actions of prostaglandin E 2 Risk factors for post partum ovarian dysfunction in high producing dairy cows in Belgium: a field study Sexual dimorphism in interferon-tau production by in vivo-derived bovine embryos Interferon-s, a type 1 interferon involved in maternal recognition of pregnancy The oxytocin receptor, luteolysis and the maintenance of pregnancy Maternal-embryo interaction leading up to the initiation of implantation of pregnancy in cattle Trophoblast interferons Pregnancy recognition signaling mechanisms in ruminants and pigs Conceptus-induced changes in the endometrial transcriptome: how soon does the cow know she is pregnant? keywords: bovine; bvdv; calving; cattle; cows; dairy; diarrhea; disease; effects; embryos; evidence; fertility; infection; rates; virus cache: cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt plain text: cord-271122-3fsl5589.txt item: #524 of 1203 id: cord-271171-tohbzenc author: Bhola, J. title: Corona Epidemic in Indian context: Predictive Mathematical Modelling date: 2020-04-07 words: 3817 flesch: 48 summary: Scientists also believe that peri-domestic mammals may also serve as For long, human viruses have not been considered severe pathogens as infected people develop flu like symptoms and then get cured on their own as innate immune system triggers antibody formation that provides resistance against the diseases (Chiu, 2013; Kistler et al., 2007; Wrammert et al., 2008) . Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak Annual revaccination against influenza and mortality risk in community-dwelling elderly persons Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease Rapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. keywords: coronavirus; covid-19; disease; health; india; license; medrxiv; preprint cache: cord-271171-tohbzenc.txt plain text: cord-271171-tohbzenc.txt item: #525 of 1203 id: cord-271172-y48dovux author: Potter, Christopher William title: Chapter 25 Respiratory tract viruses date: 1998-12-31 words: 8621 flesch: 32 summary: Infection is primarily of the epithelial cells of the oropharynx, and via the complement receptor CD21: virus infection from these cells spreads to P-lymphocytes where a few cells undergo lytic infection while the majority support a latent infection that leads to cell proliferation. In contrast, virus infections have been associated with ECG and EEG changes; some unconfirmed observations of virus antigen in brain and heart tissue have been published; and infection can be associated with viral encephalitis, particularly among children. keywords: cause; cells; children; days; disease; infection; influenza; patients; pneumonia; symptoms; tract; treatment; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-271172-y48dovux.txt plain text: cord-271172-y48dovux.txt item: #526 of 1203 id: cord-271313-h9v0nmx5 author: Bagust, T. J. title: A REVIEW OF VIRAL INFECTIONS OF HORSES date: 2008-03-10 words: 2276 flesch: 46 summary: Specific antiviral chemotherapeutic agents are not yet available for use in equine virus infections, but antibiotic therapy may aid healing of the lesions by controlling secondary bacterial infection, such as therapy suggested by Pascoe (1969) for equine herpesvirus type I infection of horses occurring under Australian conditions. In Australia, virus infection of the equine nervous system has not yet been reported, although Murray Valley encephalitis virus has been suspected to infect horses (Hungerford 19621 , and antibodies to this arbovirus have been detected in the serums of horses in South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland (Spradbrow 1966) . keywords: australia; disease; equine; horses; infection; virus; viruses cache: cord-271313-h9v0nmx5.txt plain text: cord-271313-h9v0nmx5.txt item: #527 of 1203 id: cord-271568-qgpi2kcs author: Jackwood, M.W. title: Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus susceptibility to botanical oleoresins and essential oils in vitro and in vivo date: 2010-01-21 words: 7617 flesch: 52 summary: Tracheas were scored as described in Section 2 with 1 being normal and 4 being severe, and the birds that did not receive challenge virus had an average lesion score of 1.06. A less pronounced response was observed in birds treated 2 h after virus challenge. keywords: birds; challenge; control; days; experiment; ibv; post; qr448(a; signs; treatment; virus cache: cord-271568-qgpi2kcs.txt plain text: cord-271568-qgpi2kcs.txt item: #528 of 1203 id: cord-271650-biq0chyn author: Torres, Juan M title: Safety evaluation of a recombinant myxoma-RHDV virus inducing horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease date: 2000-09-15 words: 4621 flesch: 41 summary: The history and biology of a successful coloniser Myxoma virus in rabbits Protection of laboratory rabbits against myxomatosis by vaccination with ®broma virus Etude d'une souche de virus myxomateux modi®e A new viral disease in rabbits Hepatitis of viral origin in leporidae: introduction and aetiological hypotheses Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD): characterization of the causative calicivirus Incidence of viral haemorrhagic disease in wild rabbit populations in Spain Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: the new scourge of Oryctolagus cuniculus Impact of viral haemorrhagic disease on a wild population of European rabbits in France The initial impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease on European rabbit populations in South Australia Virus taxonomy Ð San Diego Viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits: vaccination and immune response Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of the capsid protein gene from rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (Spanish isolate AST/89) Recombinant rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein expressed in baculovirus self-assembles into viruslike particles and induces protection Oral immunization of rabbits with VP60 particles confers protection against rabbit haemorrhagic disease Two independent pathways of expression lead to self-assembly of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein Protection of rabbits against rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease with a vaccinia-RHDV recombinant virus Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein A recombinant canarypox virus protects rabbits against a lethal rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) challenge A single dose immunization with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus major capsid protein produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces protection Immunization with potato plants expressing VP60 protein protects against rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus Isolation of an attenuated myxoma virus ®eld strain that confers horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis on contacts of vaccinates Horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease using a recombinant myxoma virus Field use of a vaccinia-rabies recombinant vaccine for the control of sylvatic rabies in Europe and North America Construction of recombinant myxoma viruses expressing foreign genes from dierent intergenic sites without associated attenuation Transient dominant selection of recombinant vaccinia viruses Immunosuppressive eect of corticosteroids on rabbit's humoral and cellular response Contribucio n a la pro®laxis de la mixomatosis del conejo mediante el uso de una cepa The etiological agent, rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), is a member of the Caliciviridae family keywords: disease; myxomatosis; rabbits; rhdv; vaccine; virus cache: cord-271650-biq0chyn.txt plain text: cord-271650-biq0chyn.txt item: #529 of 1203 id: cord-271692-60nlid3c author: Guo, Wen-Ping title: Phylogeny and Origins of Hantaviruses Harbored by Bats, Insectivores, and Rodents date: 2013-02-07 words: 6206 flesch: 47 summary: The first phylogroup only comprised viruses from insectivore (Soricidae) species and included the Asian viruses TPMV and Imjin virus (MJNV) sampled from the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura) in South Korea Finally, the fourth phylogroup included viruses sampled from the Arvicolinae, Neotominae, and Sigmodontinae subfamilies of rodents, although these did not form three clearly distinct monophyletic groups in the S segment, along with the reassortant RKPV sampled from an insectivore (see below). keywords: analysis; bats; china; figure; hantaviruses; hosts; insectivores; phylogroup; segment; sequences; shrew; soricomorpha; species; tree cache: cord-271692-60nlid3c.txt plain text: cord-271692-60nlid3c.txt item: #530 of 1203 id: cord-271709-5frm3dnb author: Arden, Katherine E. title: Genotypic diversity, circulation patterns and co-detections among rhinoviruses in Queensland, 2001 date: 2019-11-04 words: 3923 flesch: 44 summary: We were able to genotype ~90 % of RV detections, identifying 70 distinct RVs, spanning all three species. Nearly 80 % of RV detections occurred alone. keywords: detections; extracts; human; respiratory; rvs; virus; viruses cache: cord-271709-5frm3dnb.txt plain text: cord-271709-5frm3dnb.txt item: #531 of 1203 id: cord-271790-3s8o774l author: Pinto Mendes, J. title: The role of infection in asthma date: 2008-10-31 words: 13929 flesch: 41 summary: A estimulação virusal pode originar uma interconversão das células plasmacitóides em mielóides, passando -se, em relação aos alergénios inalados, de um comportamento tolerogénico para o aumento da resposta, com perfil atópico 57 .Um importante handicap, sobretudo para as populações em risco de atopia e de asma. Como se explicaria, naquela base, o aumento paralelo da prevalência das doenças inflamatórias autoimunes, de expressão Th 1, e de asma e atopia 71 , ou o facto de as doen ças autoimunes terem elevada prevalência nos asmáticos 64 ? keywords: airway; allergy; anti; asma; asma e; asthma; asthmatic; atopia; cd14; cells; children; com; como; crianças; células; da asma; das; dos; e da; endotoxin; estudos; exposição; exposure; gene; hygiene; hypothesis; infection; infecção; infecções; inflammation; life; mais; mas; mendes; modulaçâo; nos; não; para; por; que; response; resposta; risk; role; rsv; ser; studies; uma; vida; virus; viruses; vsr cache: cord-271790-3s8o774l.txt plain text: cord-271790-3s8o774l.txt item: #532 of 1203 id: cord-271884-86yl9ren author: Traavik, T. title: Development of a modified immunoelectroosmophoresis method for Uukuniemi and Runde virus serology date: 1977 words: 3121 flesch: 51 summary: E O P for antibody detection might prove valuable also with other viruses. Rabbits received 3 injections of virus grown on BI-IK cells, concentrated 100 times by PEG/NaC1 and sonieated. keywords: antigen; detection; mouse; virus; viruses cache: cord-271884-86yl9ren.txt plain text: cord-271884-86yl9ren.txt item: #533 of 1203 id: cord-271927-u8p6c9w4 author: Stefanacci, Richard G. title: Learnings to Operate LTC Better from the COVID-19 Crisis date: 2020-09-07 words: 3456 flesch: 52 summary: Goals of the implementation guide include reduction of unnecessary drugs and aligning medication administration times, which can lead to a reduction in the potential for adverse events, drug interactions, resident burden, infection transmission risk, and time spent by nurses on medication pass. History has taught us, on more than one occasion, that new viruses that emerge with a pandemic have a history of returning in waves after we think that we have them under control. keywords: crisis; ltc; medications; residents; risk; staff; time; virus cache: cord-271927-u8p6c9w4.txt plain text: cord-271927-u8p6c9w4.txt item: #534 of 1203 id: cord-272052-8vvpm4tx author: Hartmann, Katrin title: Clinical aspects of feline immunodeficiency and feline leukemia virus infection date: 2011-10-15 words: 9587 flesch: 23 summary: Vaccines are available for both viruses; however, identification and segregation of infected cats remain the cornerstone for preventing new infections (Levy et al., 2008) . In the United States, prevalence of both infections is about 2% in healthy cats and up to about 30% in high-risk or sick cats (O'Connor et al., progression was variable, with death occurring in about 18% of infected cats within the first two years of observation (about five years after the estimated time of infection). keywords: antigen; bone; cats; cells; disease; et al; expression; feline; felv; felv infection; fiv; immune; immunodeficiency; immunodeficiency virus; infected; infection; leukemia; lymphoma; tumors; virus; virus infection cache: cord-272052-8vvpm4tx.txt plain text: cord-272052-8vvpm4tx.txt item: #535 of 1203 id: cord-272066-f6q6q3io author: Shim, Byoung-Shik title: Sublingual Delivery of Vaccines for the Induction of Mucosal Immunity date: 2013-06-30 words: 2771 flesch: 10 summary: Adoption of sublingual vaccine delivery for the establishment protection against respiratory pathogens has been explored in several studies (Table I) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 11, 12) . Recent studies exploring such potential have documented the safety and effectiveness of sublingual immunization, demonstrating the ability of sublingual immunization to induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against a variety of antigens, including soluble proteins, inter particulate antigens, and live-attenuated viruses. keywords: immunization; influenza; mucosal; responses; study; sublingual; virus cache: cord-272066-f6q6q3io.txt plain text: cord-272066-f6q6q3io.txt item: #536 of 1203 id: cord-272099-26nhza2s author: IKEDA, KEIKO title: Survival of influenza A virus on contaminated student clothing date: 2015-02-09 words: 2907 flesch: 43 summary: As a result, the efficiency of virus transmission may be strongly affected by the survival of influenza virus on the clothes and by the reversibility of the virus binding to the clothes. Transmission of influenza virus is known to occur directly and indirectly (7, 8) . keywords: clothing; cloths; influenza; transmission; virus; water cache: cord-272099-26nhza2s.txt plain text: cord-272099-26nhza2s.txt item: #537 of 1203 id: cord-272405-jmwn8pdn author: Parvez, Mohammad K. title: Evolution and Emergence of Pathogenic Viruses: Past, Present, and Future date: 2017-08-04 words: 4198 flesch: 37 summary: The established natural reservoirs of human viruses are mainly farm animals, and, to a lesser extent, wild animals and arthropods. The established natural reservoirs of human viruses are mainly farm animals, and, to a lesser extent, wild animals and arthropods. keywords: control; emergence; human; infections; new; novel; pathogens; reservoirs; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-272405-jmwn8pdn.txt plain text: cord-272405-jmwn8pdn.txt item: #538 of 1203 id: cord-272829-i4jh6bcn author: ZANETTI, A. R. title: Emerging and re‐emerging infections at the turn of the millennium date: 2010-01-04 words: 4101 flesch: 45 summary: What is more, a number of other factors promote not only the dissemination but also the emergence of new infectious diseases: intensive farming and breeding associated with crowding promote the development of foci of infection; global warming has modified the climate, making insects, a major vector of pathogens, able to thrive in countries where the climate was previously hostile; the exploitation of natural resources has produced environmental changes that create opportunities for new contacts between species leading to emergence of infections in new hosts. In the last decades, a number of new pathogens responsible for emerging infectious diseases, such as avian and swine flu, AIDS, SARS, West Nile, Ebola and variant of Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (vCJD) have been identified and other infectious diseases are re-emerging after a period of quiescence, such as malaria and tuberculosis caused by multidrug resistant strains keywords: blood; cases; diseases; emerging; human; infection; new; virus; viruses; world cache: cord-272829-i4jh6bcn.txt plain text: cord-272829-i4jh6bcn.txt item: #539 of 1203 id: cord-272981-8gahvdt0 author: Wege, Helmut title: Relapsing subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats during the course of coronavirus JHM infection date: 1984-08-31 words: 3732 flesch: 47 summary: ing encephalomyelitis in rats --A morphological analysis Demyelinating encephalomyehtis induced by a long.term corona virus infection in rats Virus mutation during slow infection --Temporal development and characterization of mutants of visna virus recovered from sheep Chronic relapsing experimental encephalomyeliti!s --CNS plaque development in umuppressed and ~uppressed animals in vivo and in vitro models of demyelination in vivo and in vitro models of demyelinating disease Endogenous factors influel~ing derrtyelinating di3ease caused by mouse hepatitis virus in rats and mice Induction of antimyelin and antioligoden&~ocyte antibodies by vaecinia virus Chronic central nervous system demyelination in mice after JHM virus infection, ~euroiosy Chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune e~halomyelitis --Treetmant with combinations of myelin components promotes clinical and struclural recovery Immunological and pathological fmdin~ in demyelimttinl~ ancephnhtis associated with canine distemper virus infection Microplate enzyme immunoatsays for the immuncdiasnosis of virus infections Current trends in multiple sclerolds research, lmJnunolosy Today Adoptive trar~fer of EAE-like iedo~ by BM~P s~Jnmlar~ed lymphocytes from ran witL corcnavirus-induced demyelinafing encephalomyelitis Struc/ural polypeptid~ of the routine cc~ronavirus JHM Neurovinllenc¢ of routine coronavirus JHM wmperatur~.-sensitive mutants in rats After virus infection in rats inflammatory disseminating CNS lesions of marked demyelination develop accompanied by clinical signs of a subacute disease after varying incubation times. keywords: animals; cells; demyelination; disease; infection; jhm; rats; sde; virus cache: cord-272981-8gahvdt0.txt plain text: cord-272981-8gahvdt0.txt item: #540 of 1203 id: cord-273019-hbpfz8rt author: Glingston, R. Sahaya title: Organelle dynamics and viral infections: at cross roads date: 2018-06-25 words: 9525 flesch: 30 summary: Current review briefly summarizes our knowledge of the various cell organelles/compartments following virus infection. caspase-independent cell death Lysosomal cell death at a glance A zinc finger protein Tsip1 controls cucumber mosaic virus infection by interacting with the replication complex on vacuolar membranes of the tobacco plant Visualization of assembly intermediates and budding vacuoles of Singapore grouper iridovirus in grouper embryonic cells Involvement of the vacuolar H(þ)-ATPase in animal virus entry Membrane and protein interactions of a soluble form of the semliki forest virus fusion protein The entry of reovirus into L cells is dependent on vacuolar proton-ATPase activity Cellular v-ATPase is required for virion assembly compartment formation in human cytomegalovirus infection Endocytosis via caveolae Endocytosis of simian virus 40 into the endoplasmic reticulum Cellular entry of ebola virus involves uptake by a macropinocytosis-like mechanism and subsequent trafficking through early and late endosomes Membrane dynamics associated with viral infection Biogenesis of the semliki forest virus RNA replication complex Fusion of SV40-induced endocytotic vacuoles with the nuclear membrane Interaction of endocytotic vacuoles with the inner nuclear membrane in simian virus 40 entry into CV-1 cell nucleus ESCRT complexes and the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies Involvement of vacuolar protein sorting pathway in ebola virus release independent of TSG101 interaction Identification of alpha-taxilin as an essential factor for the life cycle of hepatitis B virus Divergent roles of autophagy in virus infection keywords: cells; complex; degradation; expression; formation; golgi; hepatitis; host; human; infection; lipid; membrane; nuclear; nucleus; order; organelles; protein; replication; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-273019-hbpfz8rt.txt plain text: cord-273019-hbpfz8rt.txt item: #541 of 1203 id: cord-273326-gmw8gl2r author: Saiz, Juan-Carlos title: Host-Directed Antivirals: A Realistic Alternative to Fight Zika Virus date: 2018-08-24 words: 7153 flesch: 28 summary: Front Pathogenic exploitation of Fc activity Pathogenesis of flavivirus infections: Using and abusing the host cell Role of host cell factors in flavivirus infection: Implications for pathogenesis and development of antiviral drugs Broad-spectrum agents for flaviviral infections: Dengue, zika and beyond Targeting host factors to treat West Nile and dengue viral infections Zika virus replicons for drug discovery Establishment and application of flavivirus replicons Probing molecular insights into Zika virus (-)host interactions Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin Genetic ablation of axl does not protect human neural progenitor cells and cerebral organoids from Zika virus infection Axl mediates Zika virus entry in human glial cells and modulates innate immune responses Axl is not an indispensable factor for Zika virus infection in mice Axl-mediated productive infection of human endothelial cells by Zika virus Curcumin inhibits zika and chikungunya virus infection by inhibiting cell binding Polysulfonate suramin inhibits Zika virus infection Suramin inhibits Zika virus replication by interfering with virus attachment and release of infectious particles Molecular mechanisms of flavivirus membrane fusion Acid-dependent viral entry Screening bioactives reveals nanchangmycin as a broad spectrum antiviral active against Zika virus Lipids and flaviviruses, present and future perspectives for the control of dengue, zika, and West Nile viruses Arbidol (umifenovir): A broad-spectrum antiviral drug that inhibits medically important arthropod-borne flaviviruses Infection by Zika viruses requires the transmembrane protein AXL, endocytosis and low pH 25-hydroxycholesterol protects host against Zika virus infection and its associated microcephaly in a mouse model A screen of FDA-approved drugs for inhibitors of Zika virus infection Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide and gemcitabine inhibit Zika virus infection in vitro and differentially affect cellular signaling, transcription and metabolism Obatoclax inhibits alphavirus membrane fusion by neutralizing the acidic environment of endocytic compartments Evaluation of anti-Zika virus activities of broad-spectrum antivirals and NIH clinical collection compounds using a cell-based, high-throughput screen assay Chloroquine, an endocytosis blocking agent, inhibits Zika virus infection in different cell models Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus Inhibition of autophagy limits vertical transmission of Zika virus in pregnant mice FDA-approved drug, prevents Zika virus infection and its associated congenital microcephaly in mice Repurposing of the anti-malaria drug chloroquine for Zika virus treatment and prophylaxis -(arylmethylimino)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amine derivatives, synthesized by thermal and ultrasonic means, are endowed with anti-Zika virus activity (trifluoromethyl)quinoline analogs show improved anti-Zika virus activity, compared to mefloquine The antimalarial drug amodiaquine possesses anti-Zika virus activities Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Zika virus infection and induced neural cell death via a drug repurposing screen Niclosamide rescues microcephaly in a humanized in vivo model of zika infection using human induced neural stem cells Antiviral effects of ferric ammonium citrate Inhibition of Zika virus replication by silvestrol Antiviral activity of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) against Zika virus Interferon-induced spermidine-spermine acetyltransferase and polyamine depletion restrict zika and chikungunya viruses Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis is a broad-spectrum strategy against rna viruses The composition of West Nile virus lipid envelope unveils a role of sphingolipid metabolism in flavivirus biogenesis Direct activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by PF-06409577 inhibits flavivirus infection through modification of host cell lipid metabolism Suppression of Zika virus infection and replication in endothelial cells and astrocytes by PKA inhibitor PKI 14-22 Zika virus targets human STAT2 to inhibit type I interferon signaling Ribavirin-Current status of a broad spectrum antiviral agent Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the imp dehydrogenase inhibitor VX-497: A comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon Rna virus error catastrophe: Direct molecular test by using ribavirin Extinction of hepatitis c virus by ribavirin in hepatoma cells involves lethal mutagenesis Efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral compound BCX4430 against Zika virus in cell culture and in a mouse model In vitro susceptibility of geographically and temporally distinct Zika viruses to favipiravir and ribavirin Ribavirin inhibits Zika virus (zikv) replication in vitro and suppresses viremia in zikv-infected stat1-deficient mice Favipiravir and ribavirin inhibit replication of Asian and African strains of Zika virus in different cell models an impdh inhibitor, suppresses replication of Zika virus and other emerging viral pathogens A sensitive virus yield assay for evaluation of antivirals against Zika virus Inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway suppresses viral growth through innate immunity Discovery of a broad-spectrum antiviral compound that inhibits pyrimidine biosynthesis and establishes a type 1 interferon-independent antiviral state High-content screening in HPSC-neural progenitors identifies drug candidates that inhibit Zika virus infection in fetal-like organoids and adult brain The Brazilian Zika virus strain causes birth defects in experimental models Zika virus impairs growth in human neurospheres and brain organoids Zika virus disrupts neural progenitor development and leads to microcephaly in mice N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade prevents neuronal death induced by Zika virus infection Ebselen alleviates testicular pathology in mice with Zika virus infection and prevents its sexual transmission Zika virus infectious cell culture system and the in vitro prophylactic effect of interferons Type iii interferons produced by human placental trophoblasts confer protection against Zika virus infection Gestational stage and IFN-lambda signaling regulate ZIKV infection in utero The IFITMs inhibit Zika virus replication keywords: activity; antiviral; cell; drug; flavivirus; host; human; infection; inhibitor; inhibits; mice; protein; replication; rna; virus; zika; zika virus; zikv; zikv infection cache: cord-273326-gmw8gl2r.txt plain text: cord-273326-gmw8gl2r.txt item: #542 of 1203 id: cord-273343-als886fe author: McClenahan, Shasta D. title: Discovery of a Bovine Enterovirus in Alpaca date: 2013-08-12 words: 4603 flesch: 45 summary: Viral diseases of new world camelids Census of Agriculture Chronic weight loss in an immunodeficient adult llama Camelid immunoglobulins and their importance for the newborn-a review Evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus in New World camelids Bovine viral diarrhea virus in New World camelids Isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus from an alpaca BVDV in British alpacas Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from BVDV infected alpacas in North America Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in alpacas in the United States Persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus in an alpaca Update on llama medicine. [1, 3, 4] and bovine viral diarrhea virus keywords: alpaca; bovine; enterovirus; min; pcr; sequences; serotypes; virus; viruses cache: cord-273343-als886fe.txt plain text: cord-273343-als886fe.txt item: #543 of 1203 id: cord-273372-69rlh9or author: Litterman, Nadia title: Small molecules with antiviral activity against the Ebola virus date: 2015-02-09 words: 3257 flesch: 42 summary: A thorough literature search of PubMed, and CAS SciFinder TM (CAS, Columbus OH) using terms including Ebola identified 55 molecules suggested to have activity against Ebola virus in vitro and/or in vivo (Supplemental Table 1 ). BCX4430 is not only active against Ebola virus, but also targets other members of the Filovirus family as well as 8 other RNA virus families. keywords: activity; chemical; chemistry; compounds; drugs; ebola; molecules; table; virus cache: cord-273372-69rlh9or.txt plain text: cord-273372-69rlh9or.txt item: #544 of 1203 id: cord-273708-2q64at3z author: Annunziata, Giuseppe title: May Polyphenols Have a Role Against Coronavirus Infection? An Overview of in vitro Evidence date: 2020-05-15 words: 3080 flesch: 21 summary: Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients A trial of lopinavirritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 Adaptive COVID-19 Treatment Trial Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial Treatment of 5 critically Ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with Microencapsulation as a tool to counteract the typical low bioavailability of polyphenols in the management of diabetes Inhibitory effects of resveratrol on the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle Resveratrol inhibits epstein barr virus lytic cycle in Burkitt's lymphoma cells by affecting multiple molecular targets Resveratrol inhibits enterovirus 71 replication and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in rhabdosarcoma cells through blocking IKKs/NF-κB signaling pathway Resveratrol suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB in herpes simplex virus infected cells Resveratrol as a novel anti-herpes simplex virus nutraceutical agent: an overview Polygonum cuspidatum and its active components inhibit replication of the influenza virus through toll-like receptor 9-induced interferon beta expression Resveratrolmediated gamma interferon reduction prevents airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in respiratory syncytial virusinfected immunocompromised mice Resveratrol inhibits the TRIF-dependent pathway by upregulating sterile alpha and armadillo motif protein, contributing to anti-inflammatory effects after respiratory syncytial virus infection Resveratrol inhibits rhinovirus replication and expression of inflammatory mediators in nasal epithelia Forsythoside a inhibits the avian infectious bronchitis virus in cell culture A facile inhibitor screening of SARS coronavirus N protein using nanoparticle-based RNA oligonucleotide Effective inhibition of MERS-CoV infection by resveratrol Evaluation of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as coronavirus protease inhibitors Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) rich in sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and selected polyphenols Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics in American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) and European elderberry (S. nigra) cultivars Sambucus nigra L.) wine: a product rich in health promoting compounds Elderberry flavonoids bind to and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro Antiviral activity of phytochemicals: a comprehensive review Chronic hydroxychloroquine use associated with QT prolongation and refractory ventricular arrhythmia Suspected hydroxychloroquine-associated QT-interval prolongation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus Grape pomace as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds: extraction, characterization, and biotechnological applications of phenolics Towards integral utilization of grape pomace from winemaking process: a review Sustainable wineries through waste valorisation: a review of grape marc utilisation for value-added products Grape seed extract proanthocyanidins downregulate HIV-1 entry coreceptors, CCR2b, CCR3 and CCR5 gene expression by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells Grape seed extract for control of human enteric viruses Antiviral effects of grape seed extract against feline calicivirus, murine norovirus, and hepatitis A virus in model food systems and under gastric conditions Grape seed extract attenuates hepatitis C virus replication and virus-induced inflammation Grape seed proanthocyanidin inhibits mucin synthesis and viral replication by suppression of AP-1 and NF-κB via p38 MAPKs/JNK signaling pathways in respiratory syncytial virus-infected A549 Cells Pretreatment with a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract downregulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus Treating covid-19-off-label drug use, compassionate use, and randomized clinical trials during pandemics All the authors contributed to conceptualization, evaluation of the literature and draft-writing. Besides the well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of polyphenols, evidence highlighted the antiviral potential exerted by this class of bioactive compounds. keywords: activity; compounds; coronavirus; expression; infection; polyphenols; potential; studies; virus cache: cord-273708-2q64at3z.txt plain text: cord-273708-2q64at3z.txt item: #545 of 1203 id: cord-273777-qb0vp9gr author: Happel, Anna-Ursula title: The Vaginal Virome—Balancing Female Genital Tract Bacteriome, Mucosal Immunity, and Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes? date: 2020-07-30 words: 6253 flesch: 22 summary: Whether a core vaginal virome exists or whether differences in vaginal viruses identified in these studies are due to variable demographic or clinical characteristics of the cohorts, to differences in laboratory or sequencing methods, or to the viral databases and viral annotation tools applied remains unclear. Notably, only 4% of vaginal viruses identified by metagenomic sequencing by Jakobsen et al. (2019) targeted eukaryotes keywords: fgt; health; host; human; infection; microbiota; outcomes; pregnancy; reproductive; vaginal; virome; viruses; women cache: cord-273777-qb0vp9gr.txt plain text: cord-273777-qb0vp9gr.txt item: #546 of 1203 id: cord-274080-884x48on author: Rumlová, Michaela title: In vitro methods for testing antiviral drugs date: 2018-06-30 words: 18015 flesch: 26 summary: Virus-encoded methyltransferases have been identified and characterized in flaviviruses such as Zika virus Coutard et al., 2017; Duan et al., 2017; Munjal et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2017) , West Nile virus, and dengue virus (Dong et al., 2012) ; rhabdoviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (Rahmeh et al., 2009 ); coronaviruses such as SARS (Wang et al., 2015b) ; and roniviruses (Zeng et al., 2016) . Alternatively, cleavage products may be monitored by analysis of proteolytic products by mass spectrometric methods (Hu et al., 2015; Joshi et al., 2017; Lathia et al., 2011; Rumlová et al., 2003) , analytical HPLC (Teruya et al., 2016) , or electrochemical methods based on the difference in penetration of substrate and cleavage products through the membrane of a polyionselective sensor (Gemene and Meyerhoff, 2011; Han et al., 1996) . keywords: activity; assay; assembly; binding; capsid; cell; coronavirus; dna; drug; entry; envelope; et al; fluorescence; fusion; genome; hbv; hcv; helicase; hepatitis; host; human; infection; influenza; inhibitors; integrase; kinase; membrane; method; particles; polymerase; protease; protein; replication; rna; screening; specific; target; transcription; type; uncoating; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-274080-884x48on.txt plain text: cord-274080-884x48on.txt item: #547 of 1203 id: cord-274112-6t0wpiqy author: Webby, RJ title: Responsiveness to a pandemic alert: use of reverse genetics for rapid development of influenza vaccines date: 2004-04-03 words: 4214 flesch: 41 summary: Future influenza vaccines and the use of genetic recombinants Developing vaccines against pandemic influenza The structure of the hemagglutinin, a determinant for the pathogenicity of influenza viruses Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinins: primary structure of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 determines proteolytic cleavability and pathogenicity of Avian influenza viruses Molecular analyses of the hemagglutinin genes of H5 influenza viruses: origin of a virulent turkey strain Rescue of influenza A virus from recombinant DNA A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids Generation of influenza A viruses entirely from cloned cDNAs Eight-plasmid system for rapid generation of influenza virus vaccines Plasmid-only rescue of influenza A virus vaccine candidates Evaluation of a genetically modified reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus vaccine candidate generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics Recombinant influenza A virus vaccines for the pathogenic human A/Hong Kong/97 (H5N1) viruses Preparation of a standardized, efficacious agricultural H5N3 vaccine by reverse genetics Development of a Vero cellderived influenza whole virus vaccine Influvac: a safe Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell culturebased influenza vaccine Safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent, inactivated, mammalian cell culture-derived influenza vaccine in healthy adults, seniors, and children Generation of High-Yielding Influenza A Viruses in African Green Monkey Kidney (Vero) Cells by reverse genetics Avian influenza The agent must be handled only under conditions of at least biosafety level 3 (BSL3), and it can kill fertilised chicken eggs, the standard medium for the reassortment and Responsiveness to a pandemic alert: use of reverse genetics for rapid development of influenza vaccines propagation of influenza virus before its inactivation and formulation for use in vaccines. keywords: cells; eggs; genetics; h5n1; hong; influenza; pandemic; reverse; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-274112-6t0wpiqy.txt plain text: cord-274112-6t0wpiqy.txt item: #548 of 1203 id: cord-274306-cxvnv8dy author: Chastel, C. title: Émergence de virus nouveaux en Asie : les changements climatiques sont-ils en cause ? date: 2004-11-30 words: 4565 flesch: 60 summary: Ce succès ouvrait la voie à la mise au point de tests diagnostiques fiables, de vaccins, d'antiviraux et à la compréhension de la pathogénie du SRAS. Depuis l'extermination des porcs infectés, on a plus signalé de cas d'encéphalite à virus Nipah, mais il convient de rester vigilant car les roussettes et les porcs sont très nombreux dans tout le Sud-est asiatique. keywords: chez; chine; dans; des; est; h5n1; hong; kong; les; nipah; par; pour; que; sont; une; virus; été cache: cord-274306-cxvnv8dy.txt plain text: cord-274306-cxvnv8dy.txt item: #549 of 1203 id: cord-274643-vjb2yt93 author: Kang, G. title: Viral Diarrhea date: 2008-08-26 words: 5685 flesch: 37 summary: Infections with gastroenteritis viruses differ from bacterial enteric infections in that they affect children in both developing and developed countries, suggesting that they may also be transmitted by means unrelated to contaminated food or water. With improvements in sanitation and hygiene, and better standards of living, the proportion of diarrheal disease attributed to bacteria has decreased, resulting in an increase in the proportion of cases associated with viral infections. keywords: cause; children; countries; diarrhea; disease; gastroenteritis; infections; outbreaks; rotavirus; studies; virus; viruses cache: cord-274643-vjb2yt93.txt plain text: cord-274643-vjb2yt93.txt item: #550 of 1203 id: cord-274765-3wzht843 author: Kweon, Chang-Hee title: Derivation of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as vaccine candidate date: 1999-06-04 words: 2526 flesch: 51 summary: An apparently new syndrome of porcine epidemic diarrhea Some characteristics of a new porcine coronavirus and detection of antigen and antibody by ELISA Experimental infection of pigs with a new porcine enteric coronavirus CV 777 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus as a cause of persistent diarrhea in a herd of breeding and ®nishing pigs Propagation of the virus of porcine epidemic diarrhea in cell culture Isolation and serial propagation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in cell cultures and partial characterization of the isolate Sequence analysis of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome between the nucleocapsid and spike protein genes reveals a polymorphic ORF Rapid diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by polymerase chain reaction Porcine parvovirus: properties and prevalence of a strain isolated in the US Procedures for identi®cation of arthropod borne viruses A new in vitro method (END) for detection and measurement of hog cholera virus and its antibody by means of eect of HC virus on newcastle disease virus in swine tissue culture. key: cord-274765-3wzht843 authors: Kweon, Chang-Hee; Kwon, Byung-Joon; Lee, Jae-Gil; Kwon, Geon-Oh; Kang, Yung-Bai title: Derivation of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as vaccine candidate date: 1999-06-04 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00059-6 sha: doc_id: 274765 cord_uid: 3wzht843 The field isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was serially passaged in Vero cells. keywords: diarrhea; pedv; piglets; porcine; sows; virus cache: cord-274765-3wzht843.txt plain text: cord-274765-3wzht843.txt item: #551 of 1203 id: cord-275013-na6319rg author: Singh, Indra P. title: Innate defences against viraemia date: 2000-11-23 words: 3301 flesch: 37 summary: Table 5 compares the properties of these inhibitors and shows that constitutive virus inhibitors, UTIb and HDL, are clearly distinct from the inducible IFN and TNF defences. In the second category, efforts were made to measure the effect of suppression or deletion of serum inhibitors on the susceptibility of the experimental animals to virus infection. keywords: activity; cells; hdl; inhibitor; serum; virus; viruses cache: cord-275013-na6319rg.txt plain text: cord-275013-na6319rg.txt item: #552 of 1203 id: cord-275538-c44gmu22 author: Davis-Wurzler, Gina M. title: Current Vaccination Strategies in Puppies and Kittens date: 2006-03-24 words: 10386 flesch: 39 summary: There are killed virus vaccines that are efficacious; however, because they contain killed virus, they require an adjuvant to maximize the host's immune response. Assignment of vaccine products (which are considered biologic agents rather than drugs and are therefore assessed and approved by the US Department of Agriculture [USDA] rather than the US Food and Drug Administration keywords: age; animal; antibody; canine; cats; disease; feline; infection; kittens; product; risk; use; vaccination; vaccine; virus; weeks cache: cord-275538-c44gmu22.txt plain text: cord-275538-c44gmu22.txt item: #553 of 1203 id: cord-275570-i9fw0afj author: Lau, Susanna K. P. title: Molecular Research on Emerging Viruses: Evolution, Diagnostics, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics date: 2018-01-30 words: 1476 flesch: 31 summary: The recent epidemics caused by Zika virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) clearly illustrate the ability of emerging viruses to pose huge public health problems within a short time. Recent advances in molecular techniques, such as sequencing and metagenomics, have accelerated our understanding of genetic and host diversity of emerging viruses, and hence their evolutionary pathways. keywords: article; replication; viruses cache: cord-275570-i9fw0afj.txt plain text: cord-275570-i9fw0afj.txt item: #554 of 1203 id: cord-275602-cog4nma0 author: Watkins, Kevin title: Emerging Infectious Diseases: a Review date: 2018-06-22 words: 4676 flesch: 47 summary: Emerging infectious diseases: a CDC perspective Emerging infectious diseases in 2012: 20 years after the Institute of Medicine Report Emerging infectious disease: a proactive approach A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a review of the history, epidemiology, prevention, and concerns for the future Severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza: virus incursions from southern China WHO guidelines for the global surveillance of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) Anti-SARS coronavirus agents: a patent review (2008-present) Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review Middle East respiratory syndrome: what clinicians need to know Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: update for clinicians This article gives the majority of a summary of perhaps most significant recent emerging infectious disease in terms of both mortality and number of cases Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease is rare in children: an update from Saudi Arabia Risk factors for transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection during the 2015 outbreak in South Korea Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection Infection Prevention and Control Guidelines for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus A review of treatment modalities for Middle East respiratory syndrome Treatment outcomes for patients with middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection at a coronavirus referral center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia A new Phlebovirus associated with severe febrile illness in Missouri Notes from the field: heartland virus disease-United States Heartland virus associated death in Tennessee Update and commentary on four emerging tick-borne infections Novel Thogotovirus associated with febrile illness and death Bourbon virus in field-collected ticks Nipah encephalitis-an update The pandemic potential of Nipah virus Therapeutic treatment of Nipah virus infection in nonhuman primates with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody Emergomyces canadensis, a dimorphic fungus causing fatal systemic human disease in North America Emergomyces: a new genus of dimorphic fungal pathogens causing disseminated disease among immunocompromised persons globally Global spread of antibiotic resistance: the example of New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM)-mediated carbapenem resistance The new medical challenge: why NDM-1? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends evaluation for patients with respiratory symptoms and travel to an affected country within 14 days or for those who are in a cluster of patients with severe acute respiratory disease in which MERS-CoV is being evaluated [14] . keywords: cases; coronavirus; disease; east; fever; hemorrhagic; human; infection; middle; patients; syndrome; virus cache: cord-275602-cog4nma0.txt plain text: cord-275602-cog4nma0.txt item: #555 of 1203 id: cord-275683-1qj9ri18 author: Roux, Simon title: Metagenomics in Virology date: 2019-06-12 words: 5893 flesch: 32 summary: Viromes provide a deeper description of the virus community, since most of the sequencing data will be obtained from virus genomes. While the analyses outlined above were foundational for our current understanding of virus diversity, they were limited by the short length of next-generation sequencing reads which fragmented the view of viral genomes. keywords: diversity; dna; genomes; host; metagenomics; novel; rna; sample; sequencing; time; viruses cache: cord-275683-1qj9ri18.txt plain text: cord-275683-1qj9ri18.txt item: #556 of 1203 id: cord-275719-ru33ubss author: Roingeard, Philippe title: Virus detection by transmission electron microscopy: Still useful for diagnosis and a plus for biosafety date: 2018-11-09 words: 2559 flesch: 27 summary: Their use will carry new concerns about unknown viruses for which there is a potential risk of contamination, and TEM will undoubtedly be useful for documenting the presence of viruses or virus-like particles in these cells and the products derived from them. In conclusion, although TEM is sometimes seen as a somewhat oldfashioned technique, it still has an important role to play in virus detection. keywords: diagnosis; electron; gastroenteritis; microscopy; particles; tem; virus; viruses cache: cord-275719-ru33ubss.txt plain text: cord-275719-ru33ubss.txt item: #557 of 1203 id: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h author: Monette, Anne title: T Lymphocytes as Measurable Targets of Protection and Vaccination Against Viral Disorders date: 2018-10-24 words: 28288 flesch: 24 summary: As cellular immunity to VZV wanes in the elderly and immunocompromised populations, latent VZV becomes reactivated and causes zoster (i.e., shingles, herpes zoster), which is usually associated with chronic pain but also numerous other serious neurological and ocular disorders, as well as multiple visceral and gastrointestinal disorders, including ulcers, hepatitis, and pancreatitis (Gershon et al., 2015; Gilden et al., 2010) . Transmission to humans is via the rodent host Mastomys natalensis (Mccormick et al., 1987) . keywords: acute; adaptive; antibodies; antibody; cases; cause; cd4; cd8 þ; cell responses; children; clearance; cns; dengue; development; disease; disorders; encephalitis; et al; fever; hbv; hepatitis; human; humoral; ifn; immune; immunity; individuals; infection; influenza; measles; memory; memory t; mortality; populations; protection; proteins; replication; responses; rna; rsv; rubella; specific; system; t cells; term; vaccination; vaccine; varicella; virus; virus infection; viruses; vzv; zoster; þ t cache: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt plain text: cord-275795-ee7qyw5h.txt item: #558 of 1203 id: cord-275821-yu39aw54 author: Ciminski, Kevin title: Novel insights into bat influenza A viruses date: 2017-09-14 words: 5229 flesch: 40 summary: A virus genomic RNA segments A supramolecular assembly formed by influenza A virus genomic RNA segments An in vitro network of intermolecular interactions between viral RNA segments of an avian H5N2 influenza A virus: comparison with a human H3N2 virus A functional sequence-specific interaction between influenza A virus genomic RNA segments An infectious bat-derived chimeric influenza virus harbouring the entry machinery of an influenza A virus Characterization of uncultivable bat influenza virus using a replicative synthetic virus Pathogenicity of modified bat influenza virus with different M genes and its reassortment potential with swine influenza Likewise, based on experiments with chimeric bat influenza viruses, genomic reassortment is believed to occur in cells co-infected with the known bat IAV subtypes. keywords: bat; cell; genome; iav; iavs; influenza; packaging; proteins; subtypes; virus; viruses cache: cord-275821-yu39aw54.txt plain text: cord-275821-yu39aw54.txt item: #559 of 1203 id: cord-276006-mjjnkqv6 author: Jarach, Natanel title: Polymers in the Medical Antiviral Front-Line date: 2020-07-31 words: 12601 flesch: 37 summary: Some other molecules with antiviral effects are 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA), verapamil, and diltiazem. Silver (Ag) particles have an antiviral effect even in their metal form; Yamamoto et al. showed that the addition of Ag particles to a cotton textile granted it antiviral effect against Influenza A and Feline Calicivirus [76] . keywords: acid; activity; addition; ammonium; drugs; effect; et al; figure; influenza; ions; metal; nanoparticles; particles; polymers; properties; rna; sulphate; temperature; virus; viruses cache: cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt plain text: cord-276006-mjjnkqv6.txt item: #560 of 1203 id: cord-276009-p98wjtjb author: Iyer, Arun V. title: Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based west Nile vaccine elicits strong humoral and cellular immune responses and protects mice against lethal challenge with the virulent west Nile virus strain LSU-AR01 date: 2009-02-05 words: 7553 flesch: 39 summary: A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication Structures of immature flavivirus particles Conformational changes of the flavivirus E glycoprotein Antibodies targeting linear determinants of the envelope protein protect mice against West Nile virus Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States Possible West Nile virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding-Michigan West Nile virus infection: a pediatric perspective Transfusion-associated transmission of West Nile virus-Arizona Investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusions Detection of West Nile virus in blood donations-United States A fatal case of West Nile virus infection in a bone marrow transplant recipient Nile virus infection in organ donor and transplant recipients-Georgia and Florida Transmission of West Nile virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients Possible dialysis-related west nile virus transmission-Georgia The West Nile Virus and the dialysis/transplant patient West Nile virus: pathogenesis and therapeutic options Skin manifestations of West Nile virus infection Characteristics of the rash associated with West Nile virus fever West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease West Nile virus infection: a new acute paralytic illness West Nile encephalitis presenting as a stroke Acute pancreatitis in West Nile fever The pathology of human West Nile virus infection West Nile virus encephalitis with myositis and orchitis West Nile virus (WNV) was first isolated more than 70 years ago from a febrile patient in the West Nile province of Uganda [1] . keywords: animals; cells; challenge; glycoprotein; immune; mice; nile; recombinant; responses; stomatitis; vaccine; vesicular; virus; vsv; west; wnv cache: cord-276009-p98wjtjb.txt plain text: cord-276009-p98wjtjb.txt item: #561 of 1203 id: cord-276039-nqqwnmwc author: Rua, Rejane title: Origin, evolution and innate immune control of simian foamy viruses in humans date: 2015-02-17 words: 4074 flesch: 47 summary: The recent discovery of endogenous viruses, and FV in fishes Overviews of pathogen emergence: which pathogens emerge, when and why? Genetic characterization of simian foamy viruses infecting humans Long terminal repeat U3 length polymorphism of human foamy virus Interspecies transmission of simian foamy virus in a natural predator-prey system Molecular ecology and natural history of simian foamy virus infection in wild-living chimpanzees Mother-offspring transmission and age-dependent accumulation of simian foamy virus in wild chimpanzees Population dynamics of rhesus macaques and associated foamy virus in Bangladesh. We extended such studies into different areas and populations of this Central African country and found the presence of SFV infection in at least 50 persons [12 ] . keywords: cells; foamy; humans; infection; sfv; simian; species; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-276039-nqqwnmwc.txt plain text: cord-276039-nqqwnmwc.txt item: #562 of 1203 id: cord-276052-gk6n8slx author: Yadav, Pragya title: Isolation of Tioman virus from Pteropus giganteus bat in North-East region of India date: 2016-09-09 words: 3010 flesch: 44 summary: During the survey for Nipah virus among bats at North-East region of India; Tioman virus (TioV), a new member of the Paramyxoviridae family was isolated from tissues of Pteropus giganteus bats for the first time in India. Emerging paramyxoviruses: molecular mechanisms and antiviral strategies Completion of the full-length genome sequence of Menangle virus: characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic 5-trailer region A negative staining method for high resolution electron microscopy of viruses Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses Nipah virus-associated encephalitis outbreak Tioman virus, a novel paramyxovirus isolated from fruit bats in Malaysia Isolation of Nipah virus from Malaysian island flying-foxes. keywords: bats; cells; human; india; pteropus; tiov; virus; viruses cache: cord-276052-gk6n8slx.txt plain text: cord-276052-gk6n8slx.txt item: #563 of 1203 id: cord-276193-cngz535o author: Volz, A. title: Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara: History, Value in Basic Research, and Current Perspectives for Vaccine Development date: 2016-08-01 words: 17885 flesch: 25 summary: Recombinant MVA viruses are clonally isolated in repetitive cell culture passages screening for specific selection markers. Complementation of a defect in virus production is a faster and more convenient method to obtain recombinant MVA viruses. keywords: ankara; antibodies; candidate; cells; challenge; efficacy; et al; gene; genome; host; human; immune; immunization; immunogenicity; induction; infection; influenza; mers; mice; mva; protection; protein; recombinant; responses; smallpox; vaccination; vaccine; vaccinia; vaccinia virus; vacv; vector; virus; viruses cache: cord-276193-cngz535o.txt plain text: cord-276193-cngz535o.txt item: #564 of 1203 id: cord-276212-ys5njiw0 author: Wei, L. title: Burden, seasonal pattern and symptomatology of acute respiratory illnesses with different viral aetiologies in children presenting at outpatient clinics in Hong Kong date: 2015-05-30 words: 2862 flesch: 34 summary: Although it is difficult to differentiate between different respiratory viral infections on the basis of clinical symptomatology alone, our results suggested that a number of symptoms were more commonly reported by patients with influenza virus infections than by patients with infections caused by other respiratory viruses. Symptomatology was examined by comparing clinical symptoms of different respiratory virus infections by the use of Pearson's chi-square test (χ 2 ) or Fisher's exact test (FE). keywords: age; children; group; influenza; viruses; years cache: cord-276212-ys5njiw0.txt plain text: cord-276212-ys5njiw0.txt item: #565 of 1203 id: cord-276348-vr5fit8r author: Ogra, Pearay L. title: Respiratory syncytial virus: The virus, the disease and the immune response date: 2004-01-31 words: 4792 flesch: 41 summary: Epidemiologic aspects of infection in infants and young children Respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing antibodies in persons residing in Chicago Respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus infections within families Neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompromised adults Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients with leukemia Respiratory viruses and sudden infant death Secretory component and sudden-infant death syndrome The antibody response to primary and secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus: Kinetics of classspecific responses Immunoglobulin class-specific antibody response in respiratory syncytial virus infection measured by enzyme immunoassay Characteristics of in vitro production of mucosal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in tonsillar tissue lymphocytes Neural mechanisms of respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus sequelae Th1 and Th2 CD4+ cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases The development of respiratory syncytial virusspecific IgE and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection Interleukin-1a mediates the enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in pulmonary epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus Inducible translational regulation of the NF-IL6 transcription factor by respiratory syncytial virus infection in pulmonary epithelial cells Characteristics of IL-6 and TNF-a production by respiratory syncytial virus-infected macrophages in the neonate Clinical aspects of bronchial reactivity and cell-virus interaction Transcriptional activation of the interleukin-8 gene by respiratory syncytial virus infection in alveolar epithelial cells: Nuclear translocation of the RelA transcription factor as a mechanism producing airway mucosal inflamation Premature babies born at 30–35 weeks of gestation, infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease, HIV-infected subjects, and patients on intensive immunosuppressive therapy especially after bone marrow transplant are considered to be at risk for increased mortality and morbidity during RSV infection. keywords: cell; children; disease; infection; patients; proteins; respiratory; responses; rsv; virus cache: cord-276348-vr5fit8r.txt plain text: cord-276348-vr5fit8r.txt item: #566 of 1203 id: cord-276364-zyw5aukk author: Wong, Ho Him title: Manipulation of autophagy by (+) RNA viruses date: 2019-08-08 words: 6910 flesch: 27 summary: Cytochemical localization of lysosomal enzymes in infected cells Autophagy is an essential component of Drosophila immunity against vesicular stomatitis virus HSV-1 ICP34.5 confers neurovirulence by targeting the Beclin 1 autophagy protein Autophagy pathway intersects with HIV-1 biosynthesis and regulates viral yields in macrophages Protection against fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis by beclin, a novel Bcl-2-interacting protein Autophagy protects against Sindbis virus infection of the central nervous system PLA2G16 represents a switch between entry and clearance of Picornaviridae CALCOCO2/NDP52 and SQSTM1/p62 differentially regulate coxsackievirus B3 propagation Interferon-inducible protein SCOTIN interferes with HCV replication through the autolysosomal degradation of NS5A Inflammation-induced, STING-dependent autophagy restricts Zika virus infection in the drosophila brain Amino acid substitutions in the non-structural proteins 4A or 4B modulate the induction of autophagy in West Nile virus infected cells independently of the activation of the unfolded protein response The role of secretory autophagy in Zika virus transfer through the placental barrier Japanese encephalitis virus replication is negatively regulated by autophagy and occurs on LC3-I-and EDEM1-containing membranes Rab5 and class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase Vps34 are involved in hepatitis C virus NS4B-induced autophagy Hepatitis C virus upregulates Beclin1 for induction of autophagy and activates mTOR signaling The autophagy elongation complex (ATG5-12/16L1) positively regulates HCV replication and is required for wild-type membranous web formation Coronavirus membraneassociated papain-like proteases induce autophagy through interacting with Beclin1 to negatively regulate antiviral innate immunity Coronaviruses hijack the LC3-I-positive EDEMosomes, ER-derived vesicles exporting short-lived ERAD regulators, for replication Coronavirus nsp6 proteins generate autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum via an omegasome intermediate Cleavage of sequestosome 1/p62 by an enteroviral protease results in disrupted selective autophagy and impaired NFKB signaling Protein 2B of coxsackievirus B3 induces autophagy relying on its transmembrane hydrophobic sequences Enteroviruses remodel autophagic trafficking through regulation of host SNARE proteins to promote virus replication and cell exit Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid protein VP2 activates the cellular EIF2S1-ATF4 pathway and induces autophagy via HSPB1 Viroporin activity of the foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural 2B protein Modification of cellular autophagy protein LC3 by poliovirus Double-membraned liposomes sculpted by poliovirus 3AB protein This work was supported by Health and Medical Research Funds (16150592 and 17161202 and 17161032), and partially by Research Grants Council-General research funds (17112617). A similar finding was reported more recently with rotavirus where virus replication benefited from induction of autophagy while blocking degradation [34] . keywords: autophagosomes; autophagy; cells; degradation; denv; infection; membrane; pathway; protein; replication; rna; vesicles; virus; viruses cache: cord-276364-zyw5aukk.txt plain text: cord-276364-zyw5aukk.txt item: #567 of 1203 id: cord-276506-dj7dyo0x author: Coria, M. F. title: Protective effect of an inactivated avian coronavirus vaccine administered by aerosol date: 1973 words: 1803 flesch: 42 summary: The use of inactivated AIB virus vaccines have a greater potential today than ever before, as we continually learn of latent virus infections of the respiratory tract of supposedly recovered chickens (12) . Therefore, immunization of the respiratory tract, principally the trachea, using inactivated AIB virus vaccines, would reduce the incidence of primary infection and latent infections caused by live virus immunizing agents. keywords: aerosol; birds; inactivated; virus cache: cord-276506-dj7dyo0x.txt plain text: cord-276506-dj7dyo0x.txt item: #568 of 1203 id: cord-276583-j8bf0eme author: Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, Arash title: Full-length characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 virus isolated from broilers in Iran during 1998–2007 date: 2012-01-21 words: 5380 flesch: 45 summary: A viruses from poultry in Asia have human virus-like receptor specificity Evaluation of H9N2 avian influenza virus dissemination in various organs of experimentally infected broiler chickens using RT-PCR Avian influenza (H9N2) outbreak in Iran Natural cases and an experimental study of H9N2 avian influenza in commercial broiler chickens of Iran Influenza A H9N2: aspects of laboratory diagnosis Human infection with influenza H9N2 Genetic characterization of the H9N2 influenza viruses circulated in the poultry population in Israel Ecology and molecular epidemiology of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in Israel during 2000-2004 epizootic Evolutionary characterization of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from Asia Mortality of wild swans associated with naturally infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in Iran Glycosylation site alteration in the evolution of influenza A (H1N1) viruses A laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens Biological and molecular characterization of avian influenza virus (H9N2) isolates from Iran Genetic analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from India A seroe-pidemiologic study of avian influenza (H9N2) in Iran Amino acid 226 in the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza viruses determines cell tropism and replication in human airway epithelial cells Evolution and ecology of influenza Characterization of avian H9N2 influenza viruses from United Arab Emirates A review of avian influenza in different bird species Phylogenetic analysis of H7 haemagglutinin subtype influenza A viruses Comparative sequence, antigenic and phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza (H9N2) surface proteins isolated in Pakistan between 1999 and Avian influenza and Newcastle disease: a field and laboratory manual MEGA4: keywords: acid; amino; avian; h9n2; influenza; iran; isolates; sequences; site; viruses cache: cord-276583-j8bf0eme.txt plain text: cord-276583-j8bf0eme.txt item: #569 of 1203 id: cord-276585-m1dkkbq7 author: Pulliam, Juliet R. C. title: Viral Host Jumps: Moving toward a Predictive Framework date: 2008-02-13 words: 6922 flesch: 32 summary: Though the relative rates of inactivation of different virus species depend on specific environmental conditions (such as temperature and relative humidity), requiring an envelope for successful cellular infection may generally decrease the ability of a virus to survive outside a host, since the phospholipid membrane will be sensitive to desiccation, ultraviolet radiation, changes in pH, and ozone toxicity (Cox, 1989) . Focusing on the appearance of viral pathogens in new host species, I outline a framework that uses specific molecular characteristics to rank virus families by their expected a priori ability to complete each of three steps in the emergence process (encounter, infection, and propagation). keywords: encounter; et al; host; host species; infection; potential; replication; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-276585-m1dkkbq7.txt plain text: cord-276585-m1dkkbq7.txt item: #570 of 1203 id: cord-276616-odmnvv7m author: Darcel, C. title: Reflections on scrapie and related disorders, with consideration of the possibility of a viral aetiology date: 1995 words: 10485 flesch: 39 summary: Characterization of the env gene and long terminal repeat of molecularly cloned Friend mink cell focus-inducing virus A note on serum proteins in normal and scrapie infected sheep Fnrther observations on the neuropathology of experimental scrapie in mouse and hamster Oral transmission studies of BSE to mice Antiserum to scrapie-associated fibril-protein cross-reacts with Spiroplasma mirum fibril proteins Scrapie agent proteins do not accumulate in grey tumour mice Purification of scrapie agents: how far have we come? Identification of a protein that purifies with the scrapie prion Copurification of Sp33-37 and scrapie agent from hamster brain prior to detectable histopathology and clinical disease However, a problem with the use of laboratory animals is that they may carry other disease agents in a latent form. keywords: agent; animals; bovine; brain; bse; disease; encephalopathies; et al; mice; protein; prp; scrapie; scrapie agent; sheep; spongiform; transmissible; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-276616-odmnvv7m.txt plain text: cord-276616-odmnvv7m.txt item: #571 of 1203 id: cord-276715-d1nh2dvb author: Raha, Syamal title: Is Copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients? date: 2020-05-05 words: 1612 flesch: 43 summary: Cu deficiency and its excess levels can result in abnormal cellular function or damages that given its central role in host-pathogen interaction. Cu deficiency is not always about a lack of Cu but also could be the result of an imbalance of Cu and other minerals in the diet that may often occur in an older population. keywords: cells; copper; deficiency; virus cache: cord-276715-d1nh2dvb.txt plain text: cord-276715-d1nh2dvb.txt item: #572 of 1203 id: cord-276908-9jthjf24 author: Gupta, Akanksha title: COVID‐19: Emergence of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology Aspects, Challenges, and Future Perspectives date: 2020-07-06 words: 5182 flesch: 52 summary: [92] Au NPs based materials are well known for the detection of various viruses such as dengue virus, influenza virus, bovine viral diarrhea coronavirus, etc. The viral infection encountered with present‐day challenges and futuristic approaches with the help of nanotechnology to minimize the spread of infectious viruses. keywords: antiviral; coronavirus; covid-19; covs; disease; drugs; hcov; host; human; infection; protein; rna; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt plain text: cord-276908-9jthjf24.txt item: #573 of 1203 id: cord-277010-2iecsho0 author: Wen, Xiaohong title: Clinical characteristics and viral etiologies of outpatients with acute respiratory infections in Huzhou of China: a retrospective study date: 2019-01-08 words: 3101 flesch: 43 summary: Viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in Gansu Province Prevalence of respiratory viruses among children hospitalized from respiratory infections in Shenzhen, China Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections among children and associated meteorological factors in southern China Estimates of worldwide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections Viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children and adults in Shandong Province Acute lower respiratory infections in developing countries Nucleic acid amplification-based diagnosis of respiratory virus infections Molecular diagnosis of respiratory viruses Currently, there are few available vaccines to prevent respiratory virus infections [5, 6] . keywords: acute; aris; children; infections; outpatients; viruses cache: cord-277010-2iecsho0.txt plain text: cord-277010-2iecsho0.txt item: #574 of 1203 id: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo author: Yamin, Mohammad title: Counting the cost of COVID-19 date: 2020-05-13 words: 4181 flesch: 61 summary: But in many other developing countries there has been a virtual wash out of educational activities at all level since March 2020. Politicians in many countries have responded to salvage their economies. keywords: coronavirus; countries; covid-19; health; pandemic; people; spread; virus; world cache: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt plain text: cord-277107-gs7j6fxo.txt item: #575 of 1203 id: cord-277309-kelebqr6 author: Wang, Lin-Fa title: Viruses in bats and potential spillover to animals and humans date: 2019-01-18 words: 6083 flesch: 41 summary: Here we provide a brief review of the latest findings in bat viruses and their potential risk of cross-species transmission. Here we provide a brief review of the latest findings in bat viruses and their potential risk of crossspecies transmission. keywords: bats; coronavirus; cov; disease; humans; novel; outbreak; potential; sars; species; spillover; transmission; viruses; zoonotic cache: cord-277309-kelebqr6.txt plain text: cord-277309-kelebqr6.txt item: #576 of 1203 id: cord-277327-il8uaavn author: Couch, MD, Robert B. title: Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunocompromised Persons date: 1997-03-17 words: 3716 flesch: 26 summary: Pediatr Virus infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Treatment of respiratory viral infection in an immunodeficient infant with ribavirin aerosol Ribavirin treatment of viral pneumonitis in severe combined immunodeficiency disease Parainfluenza 3 virus and other common respiratory pathogens in children with human immunodeficiency virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease among hospitalized adult immunocompromised patients with leukemia Community respiratory virus infections among hospitalized adult bone marrow transplant recipients Epidemiology of influenza A virus infection in patients with acute or chronic leukemia Influenza among hospitalized adult immunocompromised patients with leukemia Community respiratory virus (CRV) infections in hospitalized adult patients with leukemia Host defenses at mucosal surfaces Immunoglobulin A in secretions from the lower respiratory tract The specificity and function of T lymphocytes induced by influenza A viruses Roles of ab and gd T cell subsets in viral immunity The kinetics of immune reconstitution after human marrow transplantation Influenza in children with cancer Viral pneumonia in recipients of solid organ transplants Influenza A in immunocompromised patients Orthomyxoviral and paramyxoviral infections in transplant patients Bone marrow transplantation for malignant disease Intranasal interferon as protection against experimental respiratory coronavirus infection in volunteers Prevention of natural colds by contact prophylaxis with intranasal alpha2-interferon The efficacy of intranasal interferon a-2a in respiratory syncytial virus infection in volunteers. This article is an overview of respiratory viral infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. keywords: disease; infection; influenza; patients; persons; pneumonia; virus; viruses cache: cord-277327-il8uaavn.txt plain text: cord-277327-il8uaavn.txt item: #577 of 1203 id: cord-277392-s0bldxg9 author: Cann, Alan J. title: Replication date: 2012-02-29 words: 7938 flesch: 46 summary: key: cord-277392-s0bldxg9 authors: Cann, Alan J. title: Replication date: 2012-02-29 journal: Principles of Molecular Virology DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384939-7.10004-3 sha: doc_id: 277392 cord_uid: s0bldxg9 This chapter begins with an overview of virus replication, and explains how studying bacteriophages has helped understand more complex viruses that are harder to work with, and then explains the processes involved in virus replication step by step. Most of this chapter will examine the process of virus replication and will look at some of the variations on the basic theme. keywords: cell; figure; genome; membrane; particles; process; proteins; receptor; release; replication; virus; virus replication; viruses cache: cord-277392-s0bldxg9.txt plain text: cord-277392-s0bldxg9.txt item: #578 of 1203 id: cord-277400-w7mvk3x4 author: Nasir, Arshan title: Identification of Capsid/Coat Related Protein Folds and Their Utility for Virus Classification date: 2017-03-10 words: 7546 flesch: 35 summary: This concept is especially applicable to viral capsid proteins as there is strong evolutionary pressure to (Abrescia et al., 2012; , or keyword searches. Cheng and Brooks III recently calculated distances of structural relatives of viral capsid proteins to capsid-like proteins in cells for a large number of folds (Cheng and Brooks, 2013) . keywords: abrescia; abrescia et; capsid; coat; et al; fold; fsfs; like; lineage; protein; proteomes; scop; structure; viruses cache: cord-277400-w7mvk3x4.txt plain text: cord-277400-w7mvk3x4.txt item: #579 of 1203 id: cord-277417-f71jwdzj author: Geoghegan, Jemma L. title: The phylogenomics of evolving virus virulence date: 2018-10-10 words: 10445 flesch: 33 summary: If only a single mutation is associated with a change in virus virulence, as in the case of WNV, then this change in virulence is likely to be selectively advantageous without an evolutionary trade-off with transmissibility, as a reduction in transmissibility would probably need to be compensated for by additional reciprocal mutations located elsewhere in the genome. To illustrate how a phylogenomic approach can shed light on the evolution of virus virulence, we now briefly outline a number of cases in which it can be or has been applied. keywords: case; determinants; disease; evolution; fitness; host; human; influenza; mutations; selection; species; studies; transmission; virulence; virulence evolution; virus; viruses cache: cord-277417-f71jwdzj.txt plain text: cord-277417-f71jwdzj.txt item: #580 of 1203 id: cord-277641-nb1p1akx author: Shaw, D. M. title: Invisible Enemies: Coronavirus and Other Hidden Threats date: 2020-08-25 words: 2736 flesch: 57 summary: In this paper I explore its invisibility and how it relates to and exposes other invisible enemies we are and have been fighting, in many cases without even realizing. key: cord-277641-nb1p1akx authors: Shaw, D. M. title: Invisible Enemies: Coronavirus and Other Hidden Threats date: 2020-08-25 journal: J Bioeth Inq DOI: 10.1007/s11673-020-10015-w sha: doc_id: keywords: capitalism; coronavirus; enemy; people; virus cache: cord-277641-nb1p1akx.txt plain text: cord-277641-nb1p1akx.txt item: #581 of 1203 id: cord-277970-sb1wjd3b author: Kang, Qianli title: Screening for Anti-Influenza Actives of Prefractionated Traditional Chinese Medicines date: 2020-10-14 words: 2836 flesch: 38 summary: cusimano & hett and sensitive cell lines with the serum pharmacology method and identification by UPLC-TOF-MS A mechanism underlying attenuation of recombinant influenza A viruses carrying reporter genes A cell-based high-throughput approach to identify inhibitors of influenza A virus Baloxavir marboxil, a novel cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor potently suppresses influenza virus replication and represents therapeutic effects in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mouse models Inhibition of endosomal fusion activity of influenza virus by rheum tanguticum (da-huang) Ten TCM fractions were identified to possess antiviral activities against influenza virus. keywords: extracts; figure; fractions; influenza; screening; tcm; virus cache: cord-277970-sb1wjd3b.txt plain text: cord-277970-sb1wjd3b.txt item: #582 of 1203 id: cord-278093-0twnkv93 author: Perveen, Shagufta title: Coronavirus nCOVID-19: A Pandemic Disease and the Saudi precautions date: 2020-06-18 words: 3157 flesch: 52 summary: nCOVID-19 is the name of a new respiratory disease, abbreviated from coronavirus disease 2019, while n stand for new or novel and the causative agent of this disease is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (nCOVID-19). Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths Coronaviruses: Important Emerging Human Pathogens A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm SARS: keywords: cases; coronavirus; disease; health; ncovid-19; saudi; spread; virus cache: cord-278093-0twnkv93.txt plain text: cord-278093-0twnkv93.txt item: #583 of 1203 id: cord-278099-ypov9ha3 author: Kumar, Surender title: Molecular characterization of a novel cryptic virus infecting pigeonpea plants date: 2017-08-03 words: 11418 flesch: 49 summary: Emaravirus: A novel genus of multipartite negative strand RNA plant viruses The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses Interference with viral infection by defective RNA replicase Effects of mutations in poliovirus 3Dpol on RNA polymerase activityand on polyprotein cleavage Enzymatic activity of poliovirus RNA polymerase mutants with single amino acid changes in the conserved YGDD amino acid motif Biochemical properties of hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and identification of amino acid sequence motifs essential for enzymatic activity Structure of Foot and mouth disease virus RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase and its complex with a template-primer RNA Site-specific mutagenesis of AIDS virus reverse transcriptase Point mutations which drastically affect the polymerization activity of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase correspond to the active site of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Defined mutations in a small region of the brome mosaic virus 2a gene cause diverse temperature-sensitive RNA replication phenotypes I-TASSER server for protein 3D structure prediction I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure & function prediction Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of poliovirus Evolution and taxonomy of positive strand RNA viruses: implications of comparative analysis of amino acid sequences A unified polymerase mechanism for non-homologous DNA & RNA polymerases Initiation of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerization Crystal structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from hepatitis C virus reveals a fully encircled active site Crystal structure of complete rhinovirus RNA polymerase suggests front-loading of protein primer A comparison of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases The structure of a protein primer-polymerase complex in the initiation of genome replication The palm subdomain-based active site is internally permuted in viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of an ancient lineage Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol): It is of interest to examine if ArCV-1 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) structurally resembles the known RdRp of the dsRNA bacteriophage Փ-6, reovirus, or with other viruses like calciviruses and picornaviruses keywords: amino; analysis; arcv-1; conserved; cryptic; cryptoviruses; dsrna; fig; genome; identity; motif; picornaviruses; polymerase; protein; rdrp; residues; rna; sequence; structure; thumb; virus; viruses cache: cord-278099-ypov9ha3.txt plain text: cord-278099-ypov9ha3.txt item: #584 of 1203 id: cord-278250-dwok857k author: Li, Heng title: The altered gut virome community in rhesus monkeys is correlated with the gut bacterial microbiome and associated metabolites date: 2019-08-19 words: 7468 flesch: 40 summary: [16] , and the difference varied more widely between gut viromes than between gut bacterial microbiomes in humans The phylogenetic tree on genus level of gut bacterial microbiome. keywords: analysis; antibiotics; bacteria; composition; dna; figure; file; gut; microbiome; monkeys; reads; results; rna; samples; treatment; virome; viruses cache: cord-278250-dwok857k.txt plain text: cord-278250-dwok857k.txt item: #585 of 1203 id: cord-278456-gsv6dh36 author: Qureshi, Abid title: AVCpred: an integrated web server for prediction and design of antiviral compounds date: 2016-09-09 words: 3467 flesch: 45 summary: [41] However, till date there is no web server/software, which can regressively predict the percentage inhibition value of a compound against different human viruses under a single platform. The latter were then used as input for support vector machine (in regression mode) to develop QSAR models for different viruses as well as a general model for other viruses. keywords: avcs; compounds; descriptors; models; qsar; virus; viruses; web cache: cord-278456-gsv6dh36.txt plain text: cord-278456-gsv6dh36.txt item: #586 of 1203 id: cord-278465-tjjkz16y author: Wille, Michelle title: Urbanization and the dynamics of RNA viruses in Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) date: 2017-03-18 words: 5894 flesch: 41 summary: All viruses were identified as gammacoronaviruses, and fell into the clade dominated by wild bird viruses and those recovered from domestic ducks. In context of IAV, and to a lesser degree CoV and APMV-1, an assessment of virus prevalence and diversity in an urban population will further allow us to assess if dynamics in wild birds are reflected in an urban setting. keywords: avian; birds; cov; ducks; et al; fig; iav; influenza; mallards; prevalence; rna; viruses; wild cache: cord-278465-tjjkz16y.txt plain text: cord-278465-tjjkz16y.txt item: #587 of 1203 id: cord-278479-vl296i1b author: Samuel, Arthur S title: Experimental infection of hamsters with avian paramyxovirus serotypes 1 to 9 date: 2011-02-23 words: 6325 flesch: 44 summary: The isolation of yucaipa-like paramyxoviruses from epizootics of a respiratory disease in turkey poultry farms in Israel Effect of paramyxovirus yucaipa on fertility, hatchability, and poult yield of turkeys A hitherto unreported paramyxovirus of turkeys Isolation of avian paramyxovirus other than Newcastle disease virus from commercial poultry in Great Britain Pathogenecity of PMV-3/Parakeet/Netherland/ 449/75 for chickens Investigation of several selected adjuvants regarding their efficacy and side effects for the production of a vaccine for Isolation of Newcastle disease virus from Phasianidae birds in Hong Kong Comparative study on the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of wild bird isolates of avian paramyxovirus 2, 4, and 6 in chickens Isolation of a new avian paramyxovirus from budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) The virus titers in the supernatants of tissue homogenates from APMV-5 infected hamsters were determined by plaque assay in Vero cells as described above using 10-fold dilution series. keywords: animals; apmv; apmv-5; avian; cells; disease; dpi; hamsters; nasal; replication; serotypes; titers; virus cache: cord-278479-vl296i1b.txt plain text: cord-278479-vl296i1b.txt item: #588 of 1203 id: cord-278482-j5zlismf author: Taylor, Raymond title: BCX4430 – A broad-spectrum antiviral adenosine nucleoside analog under development for the treatment of Ebola virus disease date: 2016-06-30 words: 2552 flesch: 41 summary: Evidence from this research program would provide a sound basis for the selection of BCX4430 doses and regimens for use in an emergency response setting. In fresh hepatocytes from mice, rats, non-human primates and humans in vitro ( Fig. 1 , left panel) and after an IM injection in rats in vivo (Fig. 1 , right panel), BCX4430 is efficiently taken up into cells and converted to BCX4430 triphosphate (TP) [5] . keywords: bcx4430; dose; drug; infections; rna; studies; virus cache: cord-278482-j5zlismf.txt plain text: cord-278482-j5zlismf.txt item: #589 of 1203 id: cord-278511-je1509ar author: Wang, David title: 5 challenges in understanding the role of the virome in health and disease date: 2020-03-26 words: 2168 flesch: 31 summary: Rather than simply amplifying and sequencing a signature target locus, metagenomic sequencing of nucleic acid in a sample is required for virus sequences to be represented in a sequencing library. As an example, although dozens of novel eukaryotic viruses have been identified in the mammalian enteric tract by metagenomic sequencing, culture systems for only a very limited number have been described to date [14, 15] . keywords: culture; eukaryotic; human; studies; virome; viruses cache: cord-278511-je1509ar.txt plain text: cord-278511-je1509ar.txt item: #590 of 1203 id: cord-278635-vwdxr1bl author: Świętoń, Edyta title: Low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates with different levels of defective genome segments vary in pathogenicity and transmission efficiency date: 2020-08-28 words: 5436 flesch: 41 summary: A defective interfering influenza RNA inhibits infectious influenza virus replication in human respiratory tract cells: a potential new human antiviral Cell culture-based production of defective interfering particles for influenza antiviral therapy Influenza virus DI particles: Defective interfering or delightfully interesting? Characterization of virulent and avirulent A/chicken/Pennsylvania/83 influenza A viruses: potential role of defective interfering RNAs in nature Defective viral genomes arising in vivo provide critical danger signals for the triggering of lung antiviral immunity Reduced accumulation of defective viral genomes contributes to severe outcome in influenza virus infected patients Interfering vaccine: a novel antiviral that converts a potentially virulent infection into one that is subclinical and immunizing Protection of mice from lethal influenza: evidence that defective interfering virus modulates the immune response and not virus multiplication Defective interfering influenza virus confers only short-lived protection against influenza virus disease: evidence for a role for adaptive immunity in DI virus-mediated protection in vivo Preference of RIG-I for short viral RNA molecules in infected cells revealed by next-generation sequencing Defective interfering virus associated with A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/83 influenza virus Avian influenza in Poland Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals chapter Single-reaction genomic amplification accelerates sequencing and vaccine production for classical and Swine origin human influenza a viruses Viral population analysis and minority-variant detection using short read next-generation sequencing Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform The sequence alignment/map format and SAMtools VarScan: variant detection in massively parallel sequencing of individual and pooled samples Droplet digital PCR: A novel method for detection of influenza virus defective interfering particles convenient online submission • thorough peer review by experienced researchers in your field • rapid publication on acceptance • support for research data, including large and complex data types • gold Open Access which fosters wider collaboration and increased citations maximum visibility for your research: over 100M website views per year • At BMC Development and evaluation of a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for universal detection of influenza A viruses from avian and mammal species Identification of sensitive and specific avian influenza polymerase chain reaction methods through blind ring trials organized in the European Union Pathogenesis and pathobiology of avian influenza virus infection in birds Unexpected infection outcomes of China-origin H7N9 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus in turkeys Infectivity, transmission and pathogenicity of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2344 (H5N8 and H5N2) United States index viruses in Pekin ducks and Chinese geese Different pathogenicity of two strains of clade 2.3.4.4c H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses bearing different PA and NS gene in domestic ducks Ghedin E; INSIGHT FLU002 Study Group; INSIGHT FLU003 Study Group (2013) In: Swayne DE (ed) Diseases of poultry Influenza virus RNA polymerase: insights into the mechanisms of viral RNA synthesis Population diversity and collective interactions during influenza virus infection The defective component of viral populations Incomplete forms of influenza virus Functional characterization of naturally occurring variants of human hepatitis B virus containing the core internal deletion mutation Defective interfering viral particles in acute dengue infections Internally deleted WNV genomes isolated from exotic birds in New Mexico: function in cells, mosquitoes, and mice SMRT sequencing revealed the diversity and characteristics of defective interfering RNAs in influenza A (H7N9) virus infection Influenza defective interfering viral RNA is formed by internal deletion of genomic RNA Segment-specific noncoding sequences of the influenza virus genome RNA are involved in the specific competition between defective interfering RNA and its progenitor RNA segment at the virion assembly step Defective interfering influenza virus RNAs: time to reevaluate their clinical potential as broad-spectrum antivirals? keywords: birds; contact; dpi; high; infection; influenza; low; particles; segments; turkeys; virus cache: cord-278635-vwdxr1bl.txt plain text: cord-278635-vwdxr1bl.txt item: #591 of 1203 id: cord-278684-txlvla0j author: Gonzalez–Dunia, Daniel title: Borna Disease Virus and the Brain date: 1998-01-30 words: 13963 flesch: 39 summary: Arch Persistent Borna virus infection in adult hamsters Unusually high seroprevalence of Borna disease virus in clade E human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand Varied prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in Arabic, thoroughbred and their cross-bred horses in Iran Developmental injury to the cerebellum following perinatal Borna disease virus infection Early and persistent abnormalities in rats with neonatally acquired Borna disease virus infection The hippocampus: functional and structural correlations Expanded nuclear magnetic resonance studies in Borna disease virus seropositive psychiatric patients and control probands Findings with nuclear magnetic resonance tomography in psychiatric patients with and without serum antibodies to the virus of Borna disease Possible significance of Borna disease for humans Borna disease virus: An immunohistological and virological study of naturally infected animals Borna disease-Neuropathology and pathogenesis Neuronal birth and death Mood disorders: Biochemical aspects Purification and properties of an intranuclear virus-specific antigen from tissue infected with Borna disease virus Mechanism of glial-guided neuronal migration in vitro and in vivo Die Bornasche Krankheit der Pferde und Schafe Ein Beitrag zur Epizootiologie der Bornaschen Krankheit beim Pferd Studies on the genetic control of resistance of black hooded rats to Borna disease Replication of Borna disease virus in rats: Age-dependent differences in tissue distribution Replication of Borna disease virus in cell cultures Effect of Borna disease virus infection on athymic rats Progressive decline in avoidance learning paralleled by inflammatory neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 6 in the brain Persistent, tolerant or subacute infection in Borna disease virus-infected rats Genetic diversity of RNA viruses Local nitric oxide production in viral and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system Viruses, neurosis and fatigue Borna disease virus p24 and p38/40 synthesized in a baculovirus expression system: Virus protein interactions in insect and mammalian cells Borna disease virus and the consumption of raw horse meat Abrogation of tolerance to a chronic viral infection Chimeric Theiler's virus with altered tropism for the central nervous system A single amino acid change determines persistence of a chimeric Theiler's virus Role of VP2 amino acid 141 in tropism of Theiler's virus within the central nervous system Ü ber eigentümliche Kerneinschlüsse der Ganglienzellen bei der enzootischen Gehirn-Rückenmarksentzündung der Pferde Untersuchungen über die pathologische Histologie, Pathogenese und postmortale Diagnose der seuchenhaften Gehirn-Rückenmarksentzündung (Bornasche Krankheit) des Pferdes keywords: animals; bdv; bdv infection; borna; borna disease; brain; cells; cns; disease; disease virus; disorders; evidence; expression; human; immune; infection; neurons; patients; pti; rats; specific; studies; system; virus; viruses cache: cord-278684-txlvla0j.txt plain text: cord-278684-txlvla0j.txt item: #592 of 1203 id: cord-278876-il7g78w1 author: Akkina, Ramesh title: 2016 International meeting of the Global Virus Network date: 2017-03-16 words: 7545 flesch: 31 summary: Hideki Hasegawa, a GVN center director at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo, explained that secretory IgA antibodies on mucosal surfaces play an important role in protection against influenza virus infection. Such studies will make it possible to assess the role of additional effector mechanism in protecting against influenza virus infection and to evaluate the importance of reducing the immunodominance of the variable HA head domain. keywords: antibodies; antibody; cells; center; development; ebola; global; gvn; hiv; human; infection; influenza; institute; research; university; vaccine; virology; virus; viruses cache: cord-278876-il7g78w1.txt plain text: cord-278876-il7g78w1.txt item: #593 of 1203 id: cord-278913-u6vihq3u author: Allam, Zaheer title: The Rise of Machine Intelligence in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Impact on Health Policy date: 2020-07-24 words: 5401 flesch: 44 summary: It cemented its authority in the use of modern computing technologies in 2014, where it developed risk assessment models that allowed it to predict the spread of Ebola virus outbreak that struck three West Africa countries (Allen, 2016 ). Such technologies, as noted earlier, are what allowed BlueDot and Metabiota to obtain the correct predictions they made about the outbreak and spread of COVID-19 to different regions. keywords: data; health; outbreak; spread; technologies; time; use; virus; world cache: cord-278913-u6vihq3u.txt plain text: cord-278913-u6vihq3u.txt item: #594 of 1203 id: cord-278973-82n0d1dh author: Li, Zhijie title: Characterization and pathogenicity of a novel mammalian orthoreovirus from wild short-nosed fruit bats date: 2016-05-31 words: 3743 flesch: 48 summary: Considering the diversity and wide distribution of bats and the potential for transmission of bat viruses to humans and other animals, continued surveillance of MRVs in all host species is urgently needed. Reovirus infection in rat lungs as a model to study the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia Pathogenesis of reovirus gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease Bat flight and zoonotic viruses Novel human reovirus isolated from children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy Pulau virus; a new member of the Nelson Bay orthoreovirus species isolated from fruit bats in Malaysia High similarity of novel orthoreovirus detected in a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritisto mammalian orthoreoviruses found in bats in Europe Broome virus, a new fusogenic orthoreovirus species isolated from an Australian fruit bat Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel type 3 reovirus from a child with meningitis Isolation and identification of a natural reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from least horseshoe bat in China Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans Isolation and identification of bat viruses closely related to human, porcine, and mink orthoreoviruses This work was supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31402204), the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology (SKLVBP201421), and the Basic Scientific Research Operation Cost of State-leveled Public Welfare Scientific Research Courtyard (0302014011). keywords: b/03; bats; infection; mice; mrv; orthoreovirus; pfu; strain; virus cache: cord-278973-82n0d1dh.txt plain text: cord-278973-82n0d1dh.txt item: #595 of 1203 id: cord-279418-3r1ijafm author: Nevers, Quentin title: Negri bodies and other virus membrane-less replication compartments() date: 2020-08-21 words: 6446 flesch: 34 summary: These structures often referred as viral inclusions, viral factories or viroplasms, concentrate viral proteins, nucleic acids and specific cellular factors. Other DNA viruses belonging to Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae, Polyomaviridae and Papillomaviridae families induce the formation of membrane-less assemblies inside the nucleus termed viral replication compartments (or centers), hereafter referred as VRCs [65] , which concentrate viral proteins and nucleic acids, incoming viral genomes and host proteins. keywords: bodies; compartments; domain; factories; formation; liquid; membrane; phase; pml; protein; replication; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-279418-3r1ijafm.txt plain text: cord-279418-3r1ijafm.txt item: #596 of 1203 id: cord-279557-hk77e3pp author: Drosten, Christian title: Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection date: 2013-06-17 words: 4220 flesch: 51 summary: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus involved in cases and case clusters of severe acute respiratory infection in the Arabian Peninsula, Tunisia, Morocco, France, Italy, Germany, and the UK. We report data for a patient who was admitted to the Klinikum Schwabing (Munich, Germany) for severe acute respiratory infection. keywords: coronavirus; cov; data; day; infection; mers; patient; respiratory; samples; virus cache: cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt plain text: cord-279557-hk77e3pp.txt item: #597 of 1203 id: cord-279617-xuzu55cg author: Tuladhar, E. title: Thermal stability of structurally different viruses with proven or potential relevance to food safety date: 2012-03-30 words: 4605 flesch: 44 summary: Comparable data on thermal stability from different viruses and characterization of the kinetics of inactivation will help assessing the likelihood of viral survival through food production processes and it points to the need for considering foodborne transmission of viruses for which this route is unexpected, such as the enveloped influenza viruses. The Weibull model provided the best fit at 56°C for all viruses except influenza virus. keywords: adenovirus; inactivation; influenza; parechovirus; reduction; viruses cache: cord-279617-xuzu55cg.txt plain text: cord-279617-xuzu55cg.txt item: #598 of 1203 id: cord-279691-v5kpmk0b author: Hagemeijer, Marne C. title: Biogenesis and Dynamics of the Coronavirus Replicative Structures date: 2012-11-21 words: 9053 flesch: 36 summary: [151] [152] [153] can all be applied to investigate the CoV RTCs and the membranous replicative structures at the ultrastructural level using fluorescently-tagged proteins, while EU-labeling of viral RNA in combination with correlative light-electron microscopy may provide the resolution to indisputably pinpoint the exact location of viral RNA synthesis [154] . Organelle-Like Membrane Compartmentalization of Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication Factories Cytoplasmic Viral Replication Complexes Modification of Intracellular Membrane Structures for Virus Replication SARS-Coronavirus Replication is Supported by a Reticulovesicular Network of Modified Endoplasmic Reticulum Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A Novel Coronavirus Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China Bats are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses Evolving the Largest RNA Virus Genome A Contemporary View of Coronavirus Transcription Coronaviruses use Discontinuous Extension for Synthesis of Subgenome-Length Negative Strands Sequence Motifs Involved in the Regulation of Discontinuous Coronavirus Subgenomic RNA synthesis Coronavirus Minus-Strand RNA Synthesis and Effect of Cycloheximide on Coronavirus RNA Synthesis The RNA Structures Engaged in Replication and Transcription of the A59 Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus The Primary Structure and Expression of the Second Open Reading Frame of the Polymerase Gene of the Coronavirus MHV-A59; a Highly Conserved Polymerase is Expressed by an Efficient Ribosomal Frameshifting Mechanism Characterization of an Efficient Coronavirus Ribosomal Frameshifting Signal: Requirement for an RNA Pseudoknot Virus-Encoded Proteinases and Proteolytic Processing in the Nidovirales Processing of Open Reading Frame 1a Replicase Proteins nsp7 to nsp10 in Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 Replication Functional and Genetic Analysis of Coronavirus Replicase-Transcriptase Proteins The RNA Polymerase Activity of SARS-Coronavirus nsp12 is Primer Dependent Non-Canonical RNA-Dependent RNA Superfamily 1 Helicase has RNA and DNA Duplex-Unwinding Activities with 5'-to-3' Polarity The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus NTPase/helicase Belongs to a Distinct Class of 5' to 3' Viral Helicases Multiple Enzymatic Activities Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Helicase Human Coronavirus 229E Nonstructural Protein 13: Characterization of Duplex-Unwinding, Nucleoside Triphosphatase, and RNA 5'-Triphosphatase Activities Functional Screen Reveals SARS Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein nsp14 as a Novel Cap N7 Methyltransferase Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 16 is a Cap-0 Binding Enzyme Possessing (Nucleoside-2'O)-Methyltransferase Activity In Vitro Reconstitution of SARS-Coronavirus mRNA Cap Methylation Molecular Mapping of the RNA Cap 2'-O-Methyltransferase Activation Interface between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus nsp10 and nsp16 Discovery of an RNA Virus 3'→5' Exoribonuclease that is Critically Involved in Coronavirus RNA Synthesis Major Genetic Marker of Nidoviruses Encodes a Replicative Endoribonuclease RNA Recognition and Cleavage by the SARS Coronavirus Endoribonuclease Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-Exonuclease Mutant Virus Replication is Revealed by Complete Genome Sequencing An RNA Proofreading Machine Regulates Replication Fidelity and Diversity RNA 3'-End Mismatch Excision by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein nsp10/nsp14 Exoribonuclease Complex Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replicase Products and Characterization of Papain-Like Protease Activity Topology and Membrane Anchoring of the Coronavirus Replication Complex: keywords: cells; coronavirus; cov; dmvs; hepatitis; membrane; nsp3; nsp4; protein; replication; rna; rna synthesis; sars; sites; structures; synthesis; viruses cache: cord-279691-v5kpmk0b.txt plain text: cord-279691-v5kpmk0b.txt item: #599 of 1203 id: cord-279694-25rblhwb author: Mahy, B.W.J title: Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Vertebrates date: 2014-11-28 words: 4322 flesch: 45 summary: The threat of a new pandemic of influenza virus in the human population stresses the need for development of better methods for detection, surveillance, and control of emerging virus diseases. Many important virus diseases are spread by arthropods, and exposure to new arthropods and the viruses they carry is critical to the emergence of new virus diseases. keywords: cause; coronavirus; disease; fever; human; new; population; syndrome; virus; viruses cache: cord-279694-25rblhwb.txt plain text: cord-279694-25rblhwb.txt item: #600 of 1203 id: cord-279798-b5tduubu author: Sano, Daisuke title: Risk management of viral infectious diseases in wastewater reclamation and reuse: Review date: 2016-03-14 words: 7991 flesch: 28 summary: A meta-analysis approach is useful for obtaining the averaged value of virus LR in each wastewater treatment unit; however, there are several academic issues that should be further addressed including 1) how to treat left-censored datasets in the calculation of virus removal efficiency, and 2) what indicators and methodologies are appropriate for validating virus removal and disinfection performance in the daily operation of wastewater reclamation systems. Since these determinant factors of virus removal efficiency in wastewater treatment units may be beneficial information for wastewater engineers, it is recommended that future publications with regards to virus LR include detailed operational conditions (HRT, time after membrane wash, etc.) of the wastewater treatment units. keywords: analysis; efficiency; et al; norovirus; processes; reduction; removal; study; treatment; values; virus; viruses; wastewater cache: cord-279798-b5tduubu.txt plain text: cord-279798-b5tduubu.txt item: #601 of 1203 id: cord-279849-zzkliu76 author: DaPalma, T. title: A systematic approach to virus–virus interactions date: 2010-01-20 words: 8236 flesch: 24 summary: on a worldwide geographical scale Upregulation of human cytomegalovirus by HIV type 1 in human lymphoid tissue ex vivo An equine infectious anemia virus variant superinfects cells through novel receptor interactions Specific inhibition of the PKR-mediated antiviral response by the murine cytomegalovirus proteins m142 and m143 Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 completely help adenovirus-associated virus replication Recombination in HIV: an important viral evolutionary strategy A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok Human cytomegalovirus TRS1 and IRS1 gene products block the double-stranded-RNA-activated host protein shutoff response induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 infection Genital herpes and human immunodeficiency virus: double trouble The interaction between herpes simplex virus and human immunodeficiency virus Nonreciprocal pseudotyping: murine leukemia virus proteins cannot efficiently package spleen necrosis virus-based vector RNA Memory CD8+ T cells in heterologous antiviral immunity and immunopathology in the lung Specific history of heterologous virus infections determines anti-viral immunity and immunopathology in the lung Anatomical mapping of human herpesvirus reservoirs of infection Systemic movement of a movement-deficient strain of Cucumber mosaic virus in zucchini squash is facilitated by a cucurbit-infecting potyvirus Reactivation and recombination of multiple cytomegalovirus strains from individual organ donors A viral epitope that mimics a self antigen can accelerate but not initiate autoimmune diabetes Coxsackie B virus infection and onset of childhood diabetes Dynamic effects of antibody-dependent enhancement on the fitness of viruses A case-control study of group B Coxsackievirus immunoglobulin M antibody prevalence and HLA-DR antigens in newly diagnosed cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Maternal enteroviral infection during pregnancy as a risk factor for childhood IDDM. The phenomenon of ADE is not unique to dengue virus infections. keywords: cell; disease; et al; expression; gene; herpesvirus; hiv; host; human; immune; infection; interactions; protein; replication; type; virus; viruses; vvi cache: cord-279849-zzkliu76.txt plain text: cord-279849-zzkliu76.txt item: #602 of 1203 id: cord-280048-b4dz1lnn author: Domingo, Esteban title: Viral quasispecies date: 2019-10-17 words: 7969 flesch: 31 summary: A model for polynucleotide replication Viral replication modes in singlepeak fitness landscapes: A dynamical systems analysis Quasispecies: From Theory to Experimental Systems Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity of an RNA phage population Subclonal components of consensus fitness in an RNA virus clone Pathogenomics: Genome Analysis of Pathogenic Microbes The proportion of revertant and mutant phage in a growing population, as a function of mutation and growth rate Mutation rates among RNA viruses Correlation between mutation rate and genome size in riboviruses: mutation rate of bacteriophage Qbeta Rapid evolution of RNA genomes The quasispecies (extremely heterogeneous) nature of viral RNA genome populations: biological relevance-a review Transitions in understanding of RNA viruses: an historical perspective Viral quasispecies evolution Temporal fluctuations in HIV quasispecies in vivo are not reflected by sequential HIV isolations New insights into the HCV quasispecies and compartmentalization Mathematical Models of Quasi-Species Theory and Exact Results for the Dynamics Quasispecies: from theory to experimental systems Lack of evidence for proofreading mechanisms associated with an RNA virus polymerase A conserved 3'5' exonuclease active site in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA polymerases High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants A novel 3'-end repair mechanism in an RNA virus Exonucleolytic proofreading by p53 protein Coronaviruses as DNA wannabes: a new model for the regulation of RNA virus replication fidelity Thinking Outside the Triangle: Replication Fidelity of the Largest RNA Viruses Theoretical Models of Generalized Quasispecies Alterations in cellular metabolism triggered by URA7 or GLN3 inactivation cause imbalanced dNTP pools and increased mutagenesis Deep-Sequence Identification and Role in Virus Replication of a JC Virus Quasispecies in Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy An unusually high substitution rate in transplant-associated BK polyomavirus in vivo is further concentrated in HLA-Cbound viral peptides Differential Shape of Geminivirus Mutant Spectra Across Cultivated and Wild Hosts With Invariant Viral Consensus Sequences Genetic variability: the key problem in the prevention and therapy of RNA-based virus infections Quasispecies and virus Mechanisms of viral mutation Quasispecies theory and the behavior of RNA viruses Quasispecies composition and evolution of a typical Zika virus clinical isolate from Suriname Marine RNA Virus Quasispecies Are Distributed throughout the Oceans Within-Host Variations of Human Papillomavirus Reveal APOBEC Signature Mutagenesis in the Viral Genome In vivo evolution of viral virulence: switching of deformed wing virus between hosts results in virulence changes and sequence shifts PAQ: Collective behavior of viruses was documented with mutant RNA viruses resistant to nucleotide analogues. keywords: disease; evolution; fitness; genomes; host; mutant; mutation; population; quasispecies; rate; replication; rna; sequence; spectrum; virus; viruses cache: cord-280048-b4dz1lnn.txt plain text: cord-280048-b4dz1lnn.txt item: #603 of 1203 id: cord-280130-ewqe9edq author: Weber, Friedemann title: Viral suppression of the interferon system date: 2007-01-27 words: 4311 flesch: 21 summary: The leader protein of Theiler's virus inhibits immediate-early alpha/beta interferon production Influenza A virus NS1 protein targets poly(A)-binding protein II of the cellular 3 0 -end processing machinery Influenza virus NS1 protein inhibits pre-mRNA splicing and blocks mRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport The 3 0 -end-processing factor CPSF is required for the splicing of single-intron pre-mRNAs in vivo Human influenza viruses activate an interferon-independent transcription of cellular antiviral genes: outcome with influenza A virus is unique Cellular antiviral responses against influenza A virus are countered at the posttranscriptional level by the viral NS1A protein via its binding to a cellular protein required for the 3 0 end processing of cellular pre-mRNAS Variation in the ability of human influenza A viruses to induce and inhibit the IFN-beta pathway Stats: transcriptional control and biological impact Degradation of STAT1 and STAT2 by the V proteins of simian virus 5 and human parainfluenza virus type 2, respectively: consequences for virus replication in the presence of alpha/beta and gamma interferons The V protein of simian virus 5 inhibits interferon signalling by targeting STAT1 for proteasome-mediated degradation All four Sendai Virus C proteins bind Stat1, but only the larger forms also induce its mono-ubiquitination and degradation The V protein of human parainfluenza virus 2 antagonizes type I interferon responses by destabilizing signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 STAT3 ubiquitylation and degradation by mumps virus suppress cytokine and oncogene signaling The STAT2 activation process is a crucial target of Sendai virus C protein for the blockade of alpha interferon signaling Rinderpest virus blocks type I and type II interferon action: role of structural and nonstructural proteins STAT protein interference and suppression of cytokine signal transduction by measles virus V protein Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-based assay demonstrates interferon-antagonist activity for the NDV V protein and the Nipah virus V, W, and C proteins Nipah virus V protein evades alpha and gamma interferons by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 activation and nuclear accumulation Hendra virus V protein inhibits interferon signaling by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 nuclear accumulation Nipah virus V and W proteins have a common STAT1-binding domain yet inhibit STAT1 activation from the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments, respectively Nuclear localization of the Nipah virus W protein allows for inhibition of both virus-and toll-like receptor 3-triggered signaling pathways Sendai virus C protein physically associates with Stat1 Measles virus suppresses interferon-alpha signaling pathway: suppression of Jak1 phosphorylation and association of viral accessory proteins, C and V, with interferon-alpha receptor complex Inhibition of interferon signaling by rabies virus phosphoprotein P: activation-dependent binding of STAT1 and STAT2 Ebola virus VP24 binds karyopherin alpha1 and blocks STAT1 nuclear accumulation Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins interferes with the antiviral action of interferon independently of PKR-mediated control of protein synthesis Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins inhibits signal transduction through the Jak-STAT pathway Herpes simplex virus 1 gene products occlude the interferon signaling pathway at multiple sites Induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 by herpes simplex virus type 1 contributes to inhibition of the interferon signaling pathway A cytomegalovirus inhibitor of gamma interferon signaling controls immunoproteasome induction A cytomegaloviral protein reveals a dual role for STAT2 in IFN-{gamma} signaling and antiviral responses Vaccinia, cowpox, and camelpox viruses encode soluble gamma interferon receptors with novel broad species specificity The vaccinia virus soluble alpha/ beta interferon (IFN) receptor binds to the cell surface and protects cells from the antiviral effects of IFN Vaccinia virus-encoded cytokine receptor binds and neutralizes chicken interferon-gamma Vaccinia virus encodes a soluble type -Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5 0 phosphates Inhibition of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-mediated induction of interferon-{beta} by the NS1 protein of influenza A virus The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN-beta promoter mda-5, but not RIG-I, is a common target for paramyxovirus V proteins Dissociation of a MAVS/ IPS-1/VISA/Cardif-IKKepsilon molecular complex from the mitochondrial outer membrane by hepatitis C virus NS3-4A proteolytic cleavage Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Identification of the rabies virus alpha/beta interferon antagonist: phosphoprotein P interferes with phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 The pathogenic NY-1 hantavirus G1 cytoplasmic tail inhibits RIG-I-and TBK-1-directed interferon responses Role of double-stranded RNA and Npro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells The NPro product of bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits DNA binding by interferon regulatory factor 3 and targets it for proteasomal degradation Loss of interferon regulatory factor 3 in cells infected with classical swine fever virus involves the N-terminal protease, Npro N(pro) of classical swine fever virus is an antagonist of double-stranded RNA-mediated apoptosis and IFN-alpha/beta induction Human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein binds to interferon regulatory factor-3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity Functional analysis of human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 and its association with cellular interferon regulatory factors and p300 Unique properties of a second human herpesvirus 8-encoded interferon regulatory factor (vIRF-2) Inhibition of interferon signaling by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus full-length viral interferon regulatory factor 2 protein Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor Characterization of a novel human herpesvirus 8-encoded protein, vIRF-3, that shows homology to viral and cellular interferon regulatory factors Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded vIRF-3 stimulates the transcriptional activity of cellular IRF-3 and IRF-7 Human herpesvirus 8 encodes an interferon regulatory factor (IRF) homolog that represses IRF-1-mediated transcription NSs protein of Rift Valley Fever Virus blocks interferon production by inhibiting host gene transcription TFIIH transcription factor, a target for the Rift Valley hemorrhagic fever virus Inhibition of RNA polymerase II phosphorylation by a viral interferon antagonist Genetic evidence for an interferon-antagonistic function of rift valley fever virus nonstructural protein NSs Bunyamwera bunyavirus nonstructural protein NSs counteracts the induction of alpha/beta interferon Inhibition of host RNA polymerase IIdependent transcription by vesicular stomatitis virus results from inactivation of TFIID Inhibition of Ran guanosine triphosphatase-dependent nuclear transport by the matrix protein of vesicular stomatitis virus Vesicular stomatitis virus infection alters the eIF4F translation initiation complex and causes dephosphorylation of the eIF4E binding protein 4E-BP1 The vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein inhibits transcription from the human beta interferon promoter VSV strains with defects in their ability to shutdown innate immunity are potent systemic anti-cancer agents The leader protein of Theiler's virus interferes with nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of cellular proteins The leader proteinase of foot-and-mouth disease virus inhibits the induction of beta interferon mRNA and blocks the host innate immune response Cytopathogenesis and inhibition of host gene expression by RNA viruses, Microbiol Classical swine fever virus interferes with cellular antiviral defense: evidence for a novel function of N(pro) keywords: binding; ifn; influenza; inhibition; interferon; ns1; protein; rna; signaling; virus; viruses cache: cord-280130-ewqe9edq.txt plain text: cord-280130-ewqe9edq.txt item: #604 of 1203 id: cord-280391-5kiu2pb6 author: Akinloye, Oluwabukola M. title: Specific Viruses Detected in Nigerian Children in Association with Acute Respiratory Disease date: 2011-10-11 words: 2500 flesch: 42 summary: I. Complement fixing antibody levels of influenza A, B and C and para-influenza 1 Rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time PCR for diagnosis of infections by influenza A and influenza B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 Real-time PCR assays for detection of bocavirus in human specimens Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of human metapneumoviruses from all known genetic lineages Rapid typing of human adenoviruses by a general PCR combined with restriction endonuclease analysis Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses Viral etiology of respiratory infections in children under 5 years old living in tropical rural areas of senegal: the EVIRA Project Seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in Benin City Respiratory syncytial virus infection: denominator-based studies in Indonesia Association of respiratory picornaviruses with acute bronchiolitis in French infants Use of a multiplex PCR/RT-PCR approach to assess the viral causes of influenzalike illnesses in Cambodia during three consecutive dry seasons Outpatient upper respiratory tract viral infections in children with malaria symptoms in Western Kenya Molecular monitoring of causative viruses in child acute respiratory infection in endemo-epidemic situations in Shanghai Identification of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic subjects: asymptomatic respiratory viral infections Clinical features of patients with acute respiratory illness and rhinovirus in their bronchoalveolar lavages Presence of specific viruses in the middle ear fluids and respiratory secretions of young children with acute otitis media We conclude that all major groups of respiratory tract viruses are causing illness in Nigerian children. keywords: children; hev; hrv; influenza; specimens; viruses cache: cord-280391-5kiu2pb6.txt plain text: cord-280391-5kiu2pb6.txt item: #605 of 1203 id: cord-280427-smqc23vr author: Singla, Rubal title: Human animal interface of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission: a critical appraisal of scientific evidence date: 2020-09-14 words: 7198 flesch: 52 summary: Various cases of human to animal transmission have also come up indicating the risk of the virus to domestic animals or pets (Oreshkova et al. 2020) . With the increasing reports of transmission of COVID-19 from infected humans to pets (like cats and dogs) and tigers and lions, there is an urgent need for public health officials to identify and investigate the possibility of virus transmission from pets to humans. keywords: animals; cats; cov-2; covid-19; et al; ferrets; humans; pets; rna; sars; transmission; virus cache: cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt plain text: cord-280427-smqc23vr.txt item: #606 of 1203 id: cord-280429-4fota9rl author: Medvedev, Kirill E. title: Functional and evolutionary analysis of viral proteins containing a Rossmann‐like fold date: 2018-06-13 words: 7478 flesch: 42 summary: Given the relatively high number of viral protein families that contain a Rossmann-like fold (81 families), we sought to examine their evolutionary distributions among folds from the three major host kingdoms. This nearly equal distribution suggests the potential for viral protein families that derive from ancient origin, as the prevalence of HGT stems from bacterial origins. keywords: archea; bacteria; binding; core; dna; domains; families; family; fig; fold; helicase; host; protein; rossmann; structure; topology; viruses cache: cord-280429-4fota9rl.txt plain text: cord-280429-4fota9rl.txt item: #607 of 1203 id: cord-280564-kgoczioe author: Conceição-Neto, Nádia title: Identification of an enterovirus recombinant with a torovirus-like gene insertion during a diarrhea outbreak in fattening pigs date: 2017-09-08 words: 6208 flesch: 44 summary: Although PEDV was detected, its low abundance indicated that other viruses were involved in the outbreak. Given the low abundance of PEDV in the fecal sample, and the large number of other viruses which can also cause gastro-intestinal disease in pigs, it was questioned in the present study if other viruses might have been present in the pig's fecal virome and if they could have contributed to the emergence of diarrhea on this farm. keywords: diarrhea; enterovirus; et al; fig; gene; insertion; min; pigs; porcine; protein; recombinant; sample; torovirus; virus; viruses cache: cord-280564-kgoczioe.txt plain text: cord-280564-kgoczioe.txt item: #608 of 1203 id: cord-280781-u3wd27rn author: Stohlman, S. A. title: Stability of neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (JHM strain) during chronic infection of neuroblastoma cells date: 1978 words: 3511 flesch: 44 summary: To approach the study of possible mechanisms of chronic infection in vivo, persistence of JHM virus in vitro was established and studied. The :Nj cell line was established by infecting the mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells (17) with JHM virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01. keywords: cells; cent; culture; infection; jhm; passage; virus cache: cord-280781-u3wd27rn.txt plain text: cord-280781-u3wd27rn.txt item: #609 of 1203 id: cord-280854-cxpgwwjd author: Kumarasamy, Dhanabal title: Synthesis and in vitro antiviral evaluation of 4-substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones date: 2017-01-15 words: 1678 flesch: 50 summary: Compound 4m, which possesses a long lipophilic side chain, was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of Punta Toro virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae. Compound 4m, which possesses a long lipophilic side chain, was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of Punta Toro virus, a member of the Bunyaviridae. keywords: activity; cell; compounds; virus cache: cord-280854-cxpgwwjd.txt plain text: cord-280854-cxpgwwjd.txt item: #610 of 1203 id: cord-280878-1kt51viz author: To, Janet title: Targeting the Channel Activity of Viroporins date: 2016-01-07 words: 15340 flesch: 29 summary: Viral channel proteins in intracellular protein-protein communication: Vpu of HIV-1, E5 of HPV16 and p7 of HCV Mechanism of function of viral channel proteins and implications for drug development Structure-guided design affirms inhibitors of hepatitis C virus p7 as a viable class of antivirals targeting virion release Resistance mutations define specific antiviral effects for inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus p7 ion channel Function of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein Large-scale sequence analysis of M gene of influenza A viruses from different species: Mechanisms for emergence and spread of amantadine resistance Site-directed mutations in the Sindbis virus 6K protein reveal sites for fatty acylation and the underacylated protein affects virus release and virion structure Structure and ion channel activity of the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) small hydrophobic protein transmembrane domain Two different conformations in hepatitis C virus p7 protein account for proton transport and dye release The small hydrophobic protein of the human respiratory syncytial virus forms pentameric ion channels Hepatitis C virus p7 is critical for capsid assembly and envelopment Agnoprotein of polyomavirus BK interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and inhibits DNA replication Agnoprotein of mammalian polyomaviruses Development and validation of a high-throughput screening assay for the hepatitis C virus p7 viroporin TGEV corona virus ORF4 encodes a membrane protein that is incorporated into virions Development and application of hepatitis C reporter viruses with genotype 1 to 7 core-nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) expressing fluorescent proteins or luciferase in modified JFH1 NS5A A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease Influence of amantadine resistance mutations on the pH regulatory function of the M2 protein of influenza A viruses Maturation of influenza A virus hemagglutinin-Estimates of the pH encountered during transport and its regulation by the M2 protein The p7 protein of hepatitis C virus forms an ion channel that is blocked by the antiviral drug Genotype-dependent sensitivity of hepatitis C virus to inhibitors of the p7 ion channel Structural and energetic analysis of drug inhibition of the influenza A M2 proton channel Free energy calculations on the two drug binding sites in the M2 proton channel The p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus is critical for infectivity and contains functionally important genotype-specific sequences Triatoma virus recombinant VP4 protein induces membrane permeability through dynamic pores Semliki Forest virus 6K protein modifies membrane permeability after inducible expression in Escherichia coli cells Essential roles of Leu/Ile/Phe-rich domain of JC virus agnoprotein in dimer/ oligomer formation, protein stability and splicing of viral transcripts Infection by agnoproteinnegative mutants of polyomavirus JC and SV40 results in the release of virions that are mostly deficient in DNA content Protection and mechanism of action of a novel human respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate based on the extracellular domain of small hydrophobic protein Direct-acting antiviral agents and the path to interferon independence Structure and mechanism of the M2 proton channel of influenza A virus Identification of an ion channel activity of the Vpu transmembrane domain and its involvement in the regulation of virus release from HIV-1-infected cells Viroporins: Structure, function and potential as antiviral targets TLR2/MyD88/NF-kappa B pathway, reactive oxygen species, potassium efflux activates NLRP3/ASC inflammasome during respiratory syncytial virus infection Insight into the mechanism of the influenza A proton channel from a structure in a lipid bilayer Modular alpha-helical mimetics with antiviral activity against respiratory syncitial virus High frequency of resistant viruses harboring different mutations in amantadine-treated children with influenza The origin of Hepatitis C virus Mapping the interaction between the cytoplasmic domains of HIV-1 viral protein U and human CD4 with NMR spectroscopy The M, E, and N structural proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus are required for efficient assembly, trafficking, and release of virus-like particles HIV-1 Vpu protein antagonizes innate restriction factor BST-2 via lipid-embedded helix-helix interactions Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates Hepatitis C virus p7 protein is crucial for assembly and release of infectious virions Determinants of hepatitis C virus p7 ion channel function and drug sensitivity identified in vitro Inhibition of hepatitis C virus p7 membrane channels in a liposome-based assay system Structural basis for the function and inhibition of an influenza virus proton channel keywords: activity; am2; amt; binding; c virus; channel; channel activity; coronavirus; domain; drug; et al; hcv; hepatitis; human; influenza; inhibitors; ion; membrane; p7 protein; protein; release; residues; site; structure; syncytial; terminal; viroporins; virus; virus p7; viruses; vpu cache: cord-280878-1kt51viz.txt plain text: cord-280878-1kt51viz.txt item: #611 of 1203 id: cord-280986-i27mge10 author: Mallia, Patrick title: How Viral Infections Cause Exacerbation of Airway Diseases date: 2017-01-25 words: 4241 flesch: 26 summary: Asthma exacerbations are associated with shortness of breath, cough, wheezing, and chest tightness, and are accompanied by decreases in expiratory airflow mani-fested by reductions in peak expiratory flow. An association between colds and asthma exacerbations has long been recognized, but early studies yielded low virus detection rates of approximately 10%. keywords: airway; asthma; copd; exacerbations; infection; patients; rhinovirus; virus cache: cord-280986-i27mge10.txt plain text: cord-280986-i27mge10.txt item: #612 of 1203 id: cord-280987-uhxk5b1b author: Turtle, L. title: Encephalitis, Viral date: 2014-05-01 words: 2268 flesch: 31 summary: Each year a variety of arboviruses cause 200-2000 cases of encephalitis in the US, tickborne encephalitis virus causes a few thousand cases in Europe, whereas Japanese encephalitis virus causes approximately 68 000 cases in Asia. The most common sporadic viral cause is herpes simplex virus, but arthropodborne viruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus, are a major cause in some settings, and rabies in others. keywords: acute; cells; encephalitis; infections; virus; viruses cache: cord-280987-uhxk5b1b.txt plain text: cord-280987-uhxk5b1b.txt item: #613 of 1203 id: cord-281061-uoszpnst author: Watanabe, Yohei title: A novel immunochromatographic system for easy-to-use detection of group 1 avian influenza viruses with acquired human-type receptor binding specificity date: 2015-03-15 words: 4310 flesch: 49 summary: These limitations indicate the need for a system that is easier to use for detecting changes in influenza virus binding specificity. For this study, the receptor binding specificity of several virus strains that were used as reference viruses were confirmed by virus binding assays. keywords: binding; influenza; receptor; sia; specificity; test; virus; viruses cache: cord-281061-uoszpnst.txt plain text: cord-281061-uoszpnst.txt item: #614 of 1203 id: cord-281158-vjh9z7l4 author: Storch, Gregory A title: Respiratory Viruses in Babies: Important Insights From Down Under date: 2018-02-01 words: 1579 flesch: 38 summary: Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections with cough in infancy: a community-based birth cohort study Community surveillance of respiratory viruses among families in the Utah better identification of • EDITORIAL COMMENTARY germs-longitudinal viral epidemiology (BIG-LoVE) study Etiology of acute respiratory infections in infants: a prospective birth cohort study The emergence of enterovirus D68 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases Serology enhances molecular diagnosis of respiratory virus infections other than influenza in children and adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus Picornavirus-induced airway mucosa immune profile in asymptomatic neonates Host-microbiota interactions and adaptive immunity key: cord-281158-vjh9z7l4 authors: Storch, Gregory A title: Respiratory Viruses in Babies: Important Insights From Down Under date: 2018-02-01 journal: J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix600 sha: doc_id: 281158 cord_uid: vjh9z7l4 nan For those of us interested in respiratory viruses, there is a lot to like about the study by Sarna et al that appears in this issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases [1] . keywords: hrv; infections; study; viruses cache: cord-281158-vjh9z7l4.txt plain text: cord-281158-vjh9z7l4.txt item: #615 of 1203 id: cord-281281-knelqmzx author: Villas-Boas, Gustavo R. title: The New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): A Comprehensive Review on Immunity and the Application of Bioinformatics and Molecular Modeling to the Discovery of Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents date: 2020-09-07 words: 15802 flesch: 36 summary: Spike features determining 'host jump' of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and beyond The spike protein of SARS-CoV-A target for vaccine and therapeutic development Cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in Humans T-cell immunity of SARS-CoV: Implications for vaccine development against MERS-CoV Canine coronavirus highly pathogenic for dogs Experimental infection of dogs with a novel strain of canine coronavirus causing systemic disease and lymphopenia Prolonged depletion of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and acute monocytosis after pantropic canine coronavirus infection in dogs Canine Coronavirus: Not Only an Enteric Pathogen Molecular characterization of HLJ-073, a recombinant canine coronavirus strain from China with an ORF3abc deletion Genotypic Characterization of Canine Coronaviruses Associated with Fatal Canine Neonatal Enteritis in the United States Natural history of a recurrent feline coronavirus infection and the role of cellular immunity in survival and disease Acquisition of macrophage tropism during the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis is determined by mutations in the feline coronavirus spike protein An update on canine coronaviruses: Viral evolution and pathobiology Epstein-Barr virus-Specific CD8+ T cells that re-express CD45RA are apoptosis-resistant memory cells that retain replicative potential Decreased CCR5 expression on CD4+ T Cells of SIV-Infected sooty mangabeys Expression of lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2 Immunity after natural exposure to enteric canine coronavirus does not provide complete protection against infection with the new pantropic CB/05 strain The Thymus Is a Common Target Organ Articles Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding First Cases of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Brazil, South America (2 Genomes The origins of bioinformatics Multiple sequence alignment modeling: Despite little understanding about the pathophysiology and high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early studies have shown that increased amounts of proinflammatory cytokines in serum (e.g., (interleukin IL) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, interferon-γ (IFNγ), Interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10), and monocytic chemotactic protein 1 (MCP1)) were associated with pulmonary inflammation and extensive lung damage in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) keywords: analysis; bioinformatics; cell; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; data; development; drugs; figure; host; human; infection; patients; potential; proteins; receptor; sars; spike; studies; system; target; treatment cache: cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt plain text: cord-281281-knelqmzx.txt item: #616 of 1203 id: cord-281332-5mddyv0n author: Wilson, Michael R. title: A novel cause of chronic viral meningoencephalitis: Cache Valley virus date: 2017-07-25 words: 4013 flesch: 36 summary: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry subsequently confirmed the presence of Cache Valley virus in the brain biopsy tissue. Cache Valley virus, a mosquito‐borne orthobunyavirus, has only been identified in 3 immunocompetent North American patients with acute neuroinvasive disease. keywords: biopsy; brain; cache; chronic; csf; cvv; generation; meningoencephalitis; pathogen; patient; sequencing; valley; virus cache: cord-281332-5mddyv0n.txt plain text: cord-281332-5mddyv0n.txt item: #617 of 1203 id: cord-281429-6lv3di4x author: García-Nicolás, Obdulio title: Targeting of the Nasal Mucosa by Japanese Encephalitis Virus for Non-Vector-Borne Transmission date: 2018-11-27 words: 7448 flesch: 37 summary: As part of the innate immune response against virus infections targeting the respiratory tract, such as influenza virus or RSV infection (28, 30, 32) , JEV infection of porcine NEC also induced several chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10), which would direct the migration of monocytes to the site of infection. In contrast to in vivo work, such cultures permit controlled kinetics studies of virus infection and basolateral and apical shedding, which is not possible in vivo. keywords: cells; encephalitis; fig; hpi; infected; infection; japanese; jev; macrophages; medium; mucosa; nasal; nec; pigs; porcine; strain; transmission; virus cache: cord-281429-6lv3di4x.txt plain text: cord-281429-6lv3di4x.txt item: #618 of 1203 id: cord-281593-bq12grqo author: Liu, Zheng title: Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of Cellular Responses to Entry of Virions: One Kind of Natural Nanobiomaterial date: 2012-04-11 words: 2044 flesch: 41 summary: Site-specific and spatially controlled addressability of a new viral nanobuilding block: sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 Synthesis and application of virus-based hybrid nanomaterials Modern uses of electron microscopy for detection of viruses Electron tomography of the contact between T cells and SIV/HIV-1: implications for viral entry Improving the technique of vitreous cryo-sectioning for cryo-electron tomography: electrostatic charging for section attachment and implementation of an anti-contamination glove box Electron tomography of viruses Visualizing cellular processes at the molecular level by cryoelectron tomography Cryo-electron tomography of cells: connecting structure and function Near-atomic resolution cryo-EM for molecular virology Single-particle reconstruction of biological macromolecules in electron microscopy-30 years Entry of Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 into midgut cells in vivo The life cycle of SARS coronavirus in Vero E6 cells Cypoviruses 3.88Å structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus by cryo-electron microscopy Structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus from bombyx mori Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus, during the course of the SARS epidemic in China Immune responses and histopathological changes in rabbits immunized with inactivated SARS coronavirus Morphology and morphogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated virus DNA packaging and delivery machines in tailed bacteriophages Decision making in living cells: lessons from a simple system Electron cryotomography: a new view into microbial ultrastructure The three-dimensional molecular structure of the desmosomal plaque Visualizing the Structural Changes of Bacteriophage Epsilon15 and Its Salmonella Host during Infection Structural changes in a marine podovirus associated with release of its genome into Prochlorococcus Structure of the bacteriophage T4 long tail fiber receptor-binding tip Visualization of bacteriophage P1 infection by cryo-electron tomography of tiny Escherichia coli Phage T5 straight tail fiber is a multifunctional protein acting as a tape measure and carrying fusogenic and muralytic activities The ectodomain of the viral receptor YueB forms a fiber that triggers ejection of bacteriophage SPP1 DNA Structure of lactococcal phage p2 baseplate and its mechanism of activation The authors thank Dr. Ilker Donmez for valuable discussions. It could be seen with ultrathin sectioning and electron microscopy that the virions first attached themselves to the surface of host cell, then their envelopes fused with the cell membrane, and the whole nucleocapsids entered the cell. keywords: cells; electron; host; membrane; virions; virus cache: cord-281593-bq12grqo.txt plain text: cord-281593-bq12grqo.txt item: #619 of 1203 id: cord-281844-c0uhcatg author: Costa, Lusmaia D.C. title: Exacerbation of asthma and airway infection: is the virus the villain? date: 2014-12-31 words: 6550 flesch: 37 summary: The impact of viral respiratory infection on the severity and recovery from an asthma exacerbation Symptomatic viral infection is associated with impaired response to treatment in children with acute asthma Newly identified respiratory viruses in children with asthma exacerbation not requiring admission to hospital Understanding the September asthma epidemic Seasonality and prevalence of respiratory pathogens detected by multiplex PCR at a tertiary care medical center Innate immunity in the pathogenesis of virus-induced asthma exacerbations Sentinel surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses, Brazil Variação sazonal nos atendimentos de emergência por asma em Gama Effect of seasonality on the occurrence of respiratory symptoms in a Brazilian city with a tropical climate Prevalência dos atendimentos por crises de asma nos serviços públicos do Município de Juiz de Fora (MG) Study of modifiable risk factors for asthma exacerbations: virus infection and allergen exposure increase the risk of asthma hospital admissions in children Risk factors for wheezing in a subtropical environment: Role of respiratory viruses and allergen sensitization Associations between environmental exposures and asthma control and exacerbations in young children: a systematic review Smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for childhood asthma Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and the severity of virus-induced asthma in children Health effects of indoor nitrogen dioxide and passive smoking on urban asthmatic children Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nocturnal symptoms among inner-city children with asthma Results of a home-based environmental intervention among urban children with asthma Guidelines reduce X-ray and blood gas utilization in acute asthma Basic Research on virus-induced asthma exacerbation: inhibition of inflammatory chemokine expression by fluticasone propionate Respiratory viral infections in children with asthma: do they matter and can we prevent them? 4 Considering the possibility of a causal relationship between respiratory virus infection and the triggering of asthma attacks in children, the implications of this association, as well as the possibility of specific prophylaxis and therapy for these agents, special attention to this subject is justified. keywords: association; asthma; children; detection; exacerbations; hrv; infection; patients; pcr; studies; viruses; years cache: cord-281844-c0uhcatg.txt plain text: cord-281844-c0uhcatg.txt item: #620 of 1203 id: cord-282204-j1slaefb author: Silva, José V.J. title: A scoping review of Chikungunya virus infection: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, viral co-circulation complications, and control date: 2018-12-31 words: 8022 flesch: 25 summary: Empirically-or reverse-engineered attenuated live vaccines, however, have been shown to be capable of inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses and have also been suggested to prevent CHIKV infection (Levitt et al., 1986; Wang et al., 2008 Wang et al., , 2011 Plante et al., 2011; Gorchakov et al., 2012; García-Arriaza et al., 2014) . In addition to classical attenuation via serial viral passage in cells, reverse genetics strategies have been employed as platforms for construction of recombinant attenuated viruses or vaccine chimeras (Wang et al., 2008; Plante et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2011; García-Arriaza et al., 2014; van den Doel et al., 2014; Erasmus et al., 2017 ). keywords: aedes; aegypti; antibodies; chikungunya; chikungunya virus; chikv; control; dengue; denv; diagnosis; disease; et al; fever; infection; mosquitoes; patients; replication; strategies; transmission; vaccine; vector; virus; viruses; zika; zikv cache: cord-282204-j1slaefb.txt plain text: cord-282204-j1slaefb.txt item: #621 of 1203 id: cord-282343-cko4curf author: Cheng, Han title: A parallel genome-wide RNAi screening strategy to identify host proteins important for entry of Marburg virus and H5N1 influenza virus date: 2015-11-24 words: 5076 flesch: 49 summary: Two genome-wide RNAi screens were performed in parallel against the entry of pseudotyped Marburg viruses and avian influenza virus H5N1 utilizing an HIV-1 based surrogate system, to identify host factors which are important for virus entry. The basic principle of this surrogate assay is based on the following two aspects: (1) AIV and MARV viral envelope glycoproteins (HA and GP, respectively) are necessary and sufficient to mediate virus entry, and (2) these glycoproteins can be efficiently incorporated into HIV-1 viral particles. keywords: aiv; entry; factors; host; infection; marv; rnai; screen; virus; viruses cache: cord-282343-cko4curf.txt plain text: cord-282343-cko4curf.txt item: #622 of 1203 id: cord-282344-o1rkx2z4 author: Kim, Seung Won title: Effects of humidity and other factors on the generation and sampling of a coronavirus aerosol date: 2007-07-25 words: 5083 flesch: 47 summary: Aerosolization efficiencies were also higher at lower RH, and BioSamplers collected airborne TGEV viruses at a significantly higher efficiency than AGI-30 samplers at 30 and 50% RH. To measure the degree to which the nebulizers generated airborne viruses that could be sampled and remain viable, aerosolization efficiency, g A , was calculated in the same way as Adams et al. (1982) : in which N a is the total number of viruses recovered from airborne sampling and N n is the total number of viruses aerosolized from the nebulizer during a test. keywords: air; nebulization; nebulizer; sampling; tgev; virus; viruses cache: cord-282344-o1rkx2z4.txt plain text: cord-282344-o1rkx2z4.txt item: #623 of 1203 id: cord-282628-6uoberfu author: Tiwari, Bhagyashree title: Future impacts and trends in treatment of hospital wastewater date: 2020-05-01 words: 5921 flesch: 31 summary: For instance, the outbreak of Nipah virus diseases was occurred due Anaplasma phagocytophilum [7] Buruli ulcers Mycobacterium ulcerans [8] to the extensive deforestation of a forest of Southeast Asia [24] . These fruit bats are natural reservoir (host) of Nipah virus and their migration to cultivable land lead to transmission of Nipah virus disease in farm animals and subsequently in humans [24] . keywords: animals; antibiotics; change; disease; emergence; health; host; human; infection; new; pathogens; phage; resistant; transmission; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-282628-6uoberfu.txt plain text: cord-282628-6uoberfu.txt item: #624 of 1203 id: cord-282742-eyukbot7 author: Diosa-Toro, Mayra title: Arthropod-Borne Flaviviruses and RNA Interference: Seeking New Approaches for Antiviral Therapy date: 2013-02-20 words: 6502 flesch: 37 summary: Stepwise processing and subcellular localization MicroRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II Utilizing liver-specific microRNA-122 to modulate replication of dengue virus replicon Flaviviridae: The viruses and their replication Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 protein expression in cell by small interfering RNAs Nuclear export of microRNA precursors Markers for trans-Golgi membranes and the intermediate compartment localize to induced membranes with distinct replication functions in flavivirus-infected cells Detection of small RNAs containing the 5'-and the 3'-end sequences of viral genome during West Nile virus replication 5'-and 3'-noncoding regions in flavivirus RNA The utility of siRNA transcripts produced by RNA polymerase i in down regulating viral gene expression and replication of negative-and positive-strand RNA viruses Overview: Japanese encephalitis RNA interference modulates replication of dengue virus in Drosophila melanogaster cells Developing arbovirus resistance in mosquitoes Expression of vector-based small interfering RNA against West Nile virus effectively inhibits virus replication Hypersusceptibility to vesicular stomatitis virus infection in Dicer1-deficient mice is due to impaired miR24 and miR93 expression RNA interference inhibits yellow fever virus replication in vitro and in vivo RNA interference mediated silencing of Hsp60 gene in human monocytic myeloma cell line U937 revealed decreased dengue virus multiplication Six RNA viruses and forty-one hosts: Viral small RNAs and modulation of small RNA repertoires in vertebrate and invertebrate systems Structural proteomics of dengue virus Impact of microRNAs for pathogenesis and treatment of hepatitis C virus infection Identification of microRNAs of the herpesvirus family Effective inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus replication by small interfering RNAs targeting the NS5 gene siRNA and innate immunity Functional microRNA generated from a cytoplasmic RNA virus Dengue virus type 2 infections of Aedes aegypti are modulated by the mosquito's RNA interference pathway Evidence that RNA silencing functions as an antiviral defense mechanism in fungi Inhibition of genes expression of SARS coronavirus by synthetic small interfering RNAs Efficient and targeted delivery of siRNA in vivo Endogenous antiviral mechanisms of RNA interference: A comparative biology perspective Viruses, microRNAs, and host interactions Identification of microRNAs expressed in two mosquito vectors, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus Flavivirus cell entry and membrane fusion Induction of the cellular microRNA, Hs_154, by West Nile virus contributes to virusmediated apoptosis through repression of antiapoptotic factors Cellular microRNAs inhibit replication of the H1N1 influenza A virus in infected cells Inhibition of dengue virus infections in cell cultures and in AG129 mice by a small interfering RNA targeting a highly conserved sequence Molecular mechanisms of flavivirus membrane fusion Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA to human dendritic cells to suppress dengue virus infection and associated proinflammatory cytokine production RNA interference targeted to the conserved dimerization initiation site (DIS) of HIV-1 restricts virus escape mutation Suppression of hepatitis C virus replicon by RNA interference directed against the NS3 and NS5B regions of the viral genome How innate immune mechanisms contribute to antibodyenhanced viral infections West Nile virus: The complex biology of an emerging pathogen Recent developments in understanding dengue virus replication Ecology and geographical expansion of Japanese encephalitis virus Genome cyclization as strategy for flavivirus RNA replication RNA silencing as a plant immune system against viruses Water-related diseases. The genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae comprises more than 70 enveloped RNA viruses and depending on the virus can cause disease and mortality in humans and animals. keywords: cells; denv; et al; flaviviruses; gene; genome; host; infection; mirnas; replication; rna; rnai; sirna; virus cache: cord-282742-eyukbot7.txt plain text: cord-282742-eyukbot7.txt item: #625 of 1203 id: cord-283405-aozxvxxs author: Vermillion, Meghan S. title: Pregnancy and infection: using disease pathogenesis to inform vaccine strategy date: 2018-02-01 words: 8432 flesch: 21 summary: This enables production of a vaccine strain with maximum efficacy and safety, and represents another promising alternative to conventional attenuated or killed virus vaccines. Recombinant virus vaccines, however, warrant careful consideration of the safety of the vector itself, especially in pregnant women. keywords: antibody; congenital; disease; immunity; immunization; infection; influenza; maternal; pregnancy; protection; risk; safety; transmission; vaccination; vaccine; virus; women cache: cord-283405-aozxvxxs.txt plain text: cord-283405-aozxvxxs.txt item: #626 of 1203 id: cord-283641-2u16otbf author: Vainionpää, R. title: Diagnostic Techniques: Serological and Molecular Approaches date: 2015-03-06 words: 4400 flesch: 38 summary: IgM and IgG antibody determinations from cerebrospinal fluid are used for diagnosis of virus infections in the central nervous system although new molecular methods are increasingly replacing them. POC tests are nowadays available for antibody screening of an increasing number of virus infections (HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)). keywords: antibodies; antibody; assays; detection; igg; infections; pcr; test; virus cache: cord-283641-2u16otbf.txt plain text: cord-283641-2u16otbf.txt item: #627 of 1203 id: cord-283756-ycjzitlk author: Simons, Robin R. L. title: Potential for Introduction of Bat-Borne Zoonotic Viruses into the EU: A Review date: 2014-05-16 words: 14416 flesch: 51 summary: As some viruses such as coronaviruses can survive for long periods in water [157] , bat guano or even dead bats transported in bilge waters of ships could, in theory, serve as route of transport of bat viruses around the world. It should also be noted that migration could pose a risk for other bat viruses which may be present on these migration routes. keywords: aegyptiacus; africa; areas; bangladesh; bats; bushmeat; cases; countries; evidence; fruit; human; infection; introduction; marv; nipah; niv; potential; risk; species; study; trade; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-283756-ycjzitlk.txt plain text: cord-283756-ycjzitlk.txt item: #628 of 1203 id: cord-283880-lrrkuist author: Kumar, Arvind title: Evolution of selective-sequencing approaches for virus discovery and virome analysis date: 2017-07-15 words: 5937 flesch: 20 summary: The section below briefly describe different sequencing platforms, their advantages and disadvantages for virus metagenomics based virus identification and virome analysis. To avoid this, several groups developed a positive selection approach for enriching samples for viruses of a defined taxonomic group (family, genus and species) based on DNA microarray (Gardner et al., 2010; Palacios et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2002) . keywords: acids; analysis; approach; discovery; dna; et al; human; identification; metagenomics; new; novel; samples; sequences; sequencing; virome; virus; viruses cache: cord-283880-lrrkuist.txt plain text: cord-283880-lrrkuist.txt item: #629 of 1203 id: cord-283964-k3hy2ewx author: Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo title: Cross-species transmission and emergence of novel viruses from birds date: 2015-01-31 words: 2812 flesch: 23 summary: Although wild birds harbor the most diverse subtypes of influenza viruses, reassortment and amplification events of avian influenza viruses affecting humans most likely occur in live poultry markets (LPM) where there are high densities of poultries [16, 17 ] . Surveillance studies showed that avian influenza viruses were found more commonly in poultry samples collected in LPM than in wild bird samples or backyard poultry samples keywords: avian; birds; human; influenza; novel; outbreak; species; viruses cache: cord-283964-k3hy2ewx.txt plain text: cord-283964-k3hy2ewx.txt item: #630 of 1203 id: cord-284156-btb4oodz author: Liu, Yiliu title: Host and Viral Modulation of RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Immunity date: 2017-01-03 words: 7075 flesch: 23 summary: ISGF3 then translocates to the nucleus and coordinates the transcription of hundreds of ISGs including RIG-I, thus generating an amplifying loop leading to the accumulation of RIG-I during several types of infections (8) (Figure 1B ). On the other hand, some viruses encode enzymes that directly deubiquitinate RIG-I. For instance, KSHV encoded deubiquitinase ORF64 cleaves Lys63-ubiquination chains on CARDs, blocks CARDs interaction between RIG-I and MAVS, thereby downregulating RIG-I signaling (105) . keywords: activation; binding; cards; interferon; mavs; protein; recognition; regulation; rig; rna; signaling; trim25; type; ubiquitination; virus; viruses cache: cord-284156-btb4oodz.txt plain text: cord-284156-btb4oodz.txt item: #631 of 1203 id: cord-284266-tbndldhr author: Schippa, Serena title: Nasal Microbiota in RSV Bronchiolitis date: 2020-05-13 words: 5524 flesch: 29 summary: Our aim was to analyze the nasal microbiota from 48 infants affected by bronchiolitis from RSV virus and 28 infants with bronchiolitis but negative for the virus. Rosas et al. highlight that nasopharyngeal detection and increased abundance of the genus Lactobacillus during RSV infection in infancy is associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses at age 2 years keywords: abundance; bronchiolitis; group; infants; infection; microbial; microbiota; nasal; rsv; species; taxa; virus cache: cord-284266-tbndldhr.txt plain text: cord-284266-tbndldhr.txt item: #632 of 1203 id: cord-284372-v95fzp8n author: Coyle, Peter V title: A touchdown nucleic acid amplification protocol as an alternative to culture backup for immunofluorescence in the routine diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections date: 2004-10-25 words: 4719 flesch: 36 summary: key: cord-284372-v95fzp8n authors: Coyle, Peter V; Ong, Grace M; O'Neill, Hugh J; McCaughey, Conall; De Ornellas, Dennis; Mitchell, Frederick; Mitchell, Suzanne J; Feeney, Susan A; Wyatt, Dorothy E; Forde, Marian; Stockton, Joanne title: A touchdown nucleic acid amplification protocol as an alternative to culture backup for immunofluorescence in the routine diagnosis of acute viral respiratory tract infections date: 2004-10-25 journal: BMC Microbiol DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-4-41 sha: doc_id: 284372 cord_uid: v95fzp8n BACKGROUND: Immunofluorescence and virus culture are the main methods used to diagnose acute respiratory virus infections. [3, 4] are the main methods used to diagnose acute respiratory virus infections. keywords: immunofluorescence; infections; influenza; parainfluenza; primer; specimens; strip; touchdown; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-284372-v95fzp8n.txt plain text: cord-284372-v95fzp8n.txt item: #633 of 1203 id: cord-284479-75zgljet author: García-Serradilla, Moisés title: Drug repurposing for new, efficient, broad spectrum antivirals date: 2019-04-15 words: 7588 flesch: 29 summary: Although it seems to act at several steps of the viral life cycle, the isomerase activity of CypA does not seem to be implicated (Liu et al., 2009) . Overexpression of CypA inhibits M1 translocation into the nucleus (Liu et al., 2009 ) while depletion of CypA accelerated the replication of the virus (Liu et al., 2012b) . keywords: activity; cell; chloroquine; drug; effect; et al; hepatitis; human; infection; influenza; new; replication; studies; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-284479-75zgljet.txt plain text: cord-284479-75zgljet.txt item: #634 of 1203 id: cord-284523-lknyehsa author: da Mata, Élida Cleyse Gomes title: Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds date: 2017-01-06 words: 7093 flesch: 38 summary: (6) The peptides hecate and TVS-LAO act in the post-translation process, in the cleavage of the GAG/POL protein precursor thus interfering in the assembly of the viral capsid and in the organization of the polymerase complex with viral nucleic acid, or (ii) production of cytokines that stimulate the action of T cytotoxic cells, and NK cells, and even host cell expression of the major histocompatibility complex molecules, in order to present viral peptides to the other cells of the immune system [16] . key: cord-284523-lknyehsa authors: da Mata, Élida Cleyse Gomes; Mourão, Caroline Barbosa Farias; Rangel, Marisa; Schwartz, Elisabeth Ferroni title: Antiviral activity of animal venom peptides and related compounds date: 2017-01-06 journal: J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis DOI: 10.1186/s40409-016-0089-0 sha: doc_id: 284523 cord_uid: lknyehsa Viruses exhibit rapid mutational capacity to trick and infect host cells, sometimes assisted through virus-coded peptides that counteract host cellular immune defense. keywords: acid; activity; amino; antiviral; cd4; cells; compounds; gp120; hiv; host; infection; peptides; residues; snake; table; venom; virus cache: cord-284523-lknyehsa.txt plain text: cord-284523-lknyehsa.txt item: #635 of 1203 id: cord-284880-xsh3wkqy author: Bandaly, Victor title: The Fate of Mengovirus on Fiberglass Filter of Air Handling Units date: 2017-06-28 words: 4712 flesch: 53 summary: Air filters consist of clusters of fibers (mats, felts, papers, glass). They pointed out differences in inactivation between enveloped and nonenveloped respiratory viruses. keywords: air; filter; infectivity; mengovirus; min; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-284880-xsh3wkqy.txt plain text: cord-284880-xsh3wkqy.txt item: #636 of 1203 id: cord-284941-wfn0pnev author: Samal, S.K. title: Paramyxoviruses of Animals date: 2008-07-30 words: 4951 flesch: 38 summary: The family Paramyxoviridae contains a large number of viruses of animals (Table 1) , including a number of major animal pathogens (such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), canine distemper virus, and rinderpest virus), zoonotic pathogens (such as Hendra and Nipah viruses), and a number of somewhat obscure viruses whose natural histories are poorly understood. Interestingly, the type of disease caused by Newcastle disease virus can vary, depending on the strain of the virus. keywords: animal; bovine; disease; gene; parainfluenza; paramyxoviruses; protein; rna; vaccines; virus cache: cord-284941-wfn0pnev.txt plain text: cord-284941-wfn0pnev.txt item: #637 of 1203 id: cord-285148-bch7814v author: Singanayagam, Aran title: Viruses exacerbating chronic pulmonary disease: the role of immune modulation date: 2012-03-15 words: 7925 flesch: 28 summary: Emerg Infect Dis Impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis Prevalence and impact of respiratory viral infections in young children with cystic fibrosis: prospective cohort study Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis: Innate inflammatory responses of pediatric cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells: effects of nonviral and viral stimulation Interleukin-8 production by cystic fibrosis nasal epithelial cells after tumor necrosis factor-alpha and respiratory syncytial virus stimulation Lack of an exaggerated inflammatory response upon virus infection in cystic fibrosis Impaired type I and type III interferon induction and rhinovirus control in human cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells Hypersusceptibility to respiratory viruses as a shared mechanism for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis Insights into the interaction between influenza virus and pneumococcus Many of the inflammatory mediators produced are chemoattractants and, therefore, following virus infection inflammatory cells are recruited to the lungs. keywords: asthma; cells; chronic; copd; disease; exacerbations; ifn; infection; patients; responses; studies; virus; viruses cache: cord-285148-bch7814v.txt plain text: cord-285148-bch7814v.txt item: #638 of 1203 id: cord-285330-td4vr0zv author: Mohammadi, Ali title: Viral quantity and pathological changes in broilers experimentally infected by IRFIBV32 isolate of infectious bronchitis virus date: 2015-11-12 words: 3162 flesch: 53 summary: Molecular analysis of the 793/B serotype of infectious bronchitis virus in Great Britain Studies on avian viral infections in Iran Immunohistochemistry for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain M41 in the proventriculus and nervous system of experimentally infected chicken embryos Re-excretion of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens induced by cyclosporin Pathogenesis and tissue distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate IRFIBV32 (793/b serotype) in experimentally infected broiler chickens Isolation and identification of a new isolate of avian infectious bronchitis virus IRFIBV32 and a study of its pathogenicity Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens Infectious bronchitis Detection of infectious bronchitis virus strain N1/88 from the oviduct and feces of experimentally infected vaccinated and unvaccinated hens LNA probe-based real-time RT-PCR for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from the oviduct of unvaccinated and vaccinated laying hens Detection the 4/91 strain of infectious bronchitis virus in testicular tissue from experimentally infected rooster by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Virulent avian infectious bronchitis virus, People's Republic of China Pathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Ontario chickens Detection of infectious bronchitis virus by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and identification of a quasispecies in the beaudette strain The immunohistochemistry study of lesions due to avian infectious bronchitis (serotype 4/91) on different tissues in specific pathogen free chicks Establishment of persistent avian infectious bronchitis virus infection in antibodyfree and antibody-positive chickens A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoint Isolation and identification of infectious bronchitis viruses in chickens in Iran Viral quantity and pathological changes in broilers experimentally infected by IRFIBV32 isolate… 323 Acknowledgments The authors extend thanks to the School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, for providing the necessary facilities and financial support to carry out this study. This disease is caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of the family Coronaviridae (order Nidovirales) and keywords: bronchitis; dpi; ibv; pcr; rna; trachea; virus cache: cord-285330-td4vr0zv.txt plain text: cord-285330-td4vr0zv.txt item: #639 of 1203 id: cord-285367-jxlt0gby author: Johnson, Richard T. title: Emerging Issues in Neurovirology: New Viruses, Diagnostic Tools, and Therapeutics date: 2008-08-31 words: 3297 flesch: 38 summary: HIV (worldwide) 1982, Lyme borreliosis identified (northeastern United States) 1984, Cryptosporidiosis (Texas) 1985, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (United Kingdom) 1987, Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (prisons in United States and Russia) 1989, Dengue 3, subtype III, virus (Sri Lanka) 1991, Guanarito virus (Venezuela) 1992, Vibrio cholerae 0139 (India) 1993 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (southwestern United States) 1994, Variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease Largest Ebola outbreak (Congo) 1996, Reversion poliovirus vaccine virus (Dominican Republic) 1997, Influenza virus (Hong Kong); vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus (United States) 1998, Enterovirus 71 fatal rhomboencephalitis (Asia); Nipah virus encephalitis (Malaysia and Singapore) 1999, West Nile virus encephalitis The doctors' dilemma Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system Enterovirus 71 isolated from cases of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease in Bulgaria Epidemiologic features of hand-foot-mouth disease and herpangina caused by enterovirus 71 in Taiwan Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection A neurotropic virus isolated from the blood of a native of Uganda Induced virus infections in man by Egypt isolates of West Nile virus West Nile virus in the US and abroad The outbreak of West Nile virus infection in the New York City area in 1999 Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States Poliomyelitis and flaviviruses West Nile virus encephalitis in the United States West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig farmers in Malaysia The neurological manifestations of Nipah virus encephalitis, a novel paramyxovirus Clinical features of Nipah virus encephalitis among pig farmers in Malaysia Relapsed and late-onset Nipah encephalitis Nipah virus: a recently emergent deadly paramyxovirus Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection Viral hepatitis in HIV infection Prevalence and significance of neurocognitive dysfunction in hepatitis C in the absence of correlated risk factors Prevalence and characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in hepatitis C virus population Emerging viral infections of the nervous system The Soriano Award Lecture. keywords: agents; disease; encephalitis; human; infections; new; nile; spread; virus; west cache: cord-285367-jxlt0gby.txt plain text: cord-285367-jxlt0gby.txt item: #640 of 1203 id: cord-285462-9i61rsei author: Almomani, Hesham title: L'ampleur de la réaction des gens aux rumeurs et aux fausses nouvelles à la lumière de la crise du virus Corona date: 2020-06-25 words: 3633 flesch: 39 summary: In this study, the first of its kind in terms of targeting the public and testing their interaction with the circulation of rumors and false information, the analysis was limited among 26 subjects to the most harmful rumors related to treatment for Corona virus in addition to the correct preventive measures against this virus and the principles of collective social responsibility, with no focus on factors Correlations such as gender, age, academic level, and location of residence, due to the fact that the analysis showed that the interaction with these rumors is not related to these factors as we found a state of great awareness among respondents. In addition to the concerns that the World Health Organization fears about the Corona virus epidemic, the combination of false information and rumors also contributes to exaggerating the epidemiological situation and the difficulty of combating it, because most users and pioneers of social media are at their best in tracking fake sources and competing to spread misinformation [24, 25] . keywords: corona; information; news; people; rumors; social; spread; virus cache: cord-285462-9i61rsei.txt plain text: cord-285462-9i61rsei.txt item: #641 of 1203 id: cord-285547-7m3dh8hu author: Nomura, Naoki title: Characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks in Vietnam in 2009 and 2010 date: 2011-11-09 words: 3289 flesch: 42 summary: H9N2 influenza viruses possessing H5N1-like internal genomes continue to circulate in poultry in southeastern China Characterization of the pathogenicity of members of the newly established H9N2 influenza virus lineages in Asia Coinfection of avian influenza virus (H9N2 subtype) with infectious bronchitis live vaccine Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses Perpetuation of influenza A viruses in Alaskan waterfowl reservoirs Genetic characterization of H1 avian influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds and domestic ducks in Korea Phylogenetic and molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza isolates from chickens in Northern China from Isolation and characterization of influenza a viruses from wild free-flying ducks in Hokkaido Biological activity of monoclonal antibodies to operationally defined antigenic regions on the hemagglutinin molecule of A/Seal/Massachusetts/1/80 (H7N7) influenza virus Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs Genetic relatedness of H6 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds and domestic ducks in Korea and their pathogenicity in animals Co-infection of Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus paragallinarum exacerbates H9N2 influenza A virus infection in chickens H2N5 influenza virus isolates from terns in Australia: genetic reassortants between those of the Eurasian and American lineages Avian-to-human transmission of H9N2 subtype influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin genes of twenty-six avian influenza viruses of subtype H9N2 isolated from chickens in China during H9N2 influenza viruses prevalent in poultry in China presumed to be the donor of the internal protein genes of the H5N1 Hong Kong/97 virus The influenza virus gene pool in a poultry market in south central China Phylogenic analysis of the M genes of influenza viruses isolated from free-flying water birds from their Northern Territory to Hokkaido Active reassortment of H9 influenza viruses between wild birds and live-poultry markets in Korea Isolation and pathotyping of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Indian poultry Isolation and characterization of avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic H5N1, from poultry in live bird markets in Hanoi Precursor genes of future pandemic influenza viruses are perpetuated in ducks nesting in Siberia Rapid evolution of low-pathogenic H9N2 avian influenza viruses following poultry vaccination programmes Human infection with influenza H9N2 Role of quail in the interspecies transmission of H9 influenza Genotypic evolution and antigenic drift of H9N2 influenza viruses in China from Isolation and identification of swine influenza recombinant A/Swine/Shandong/1/2003(H9N2) virus The genesis and evolution of H9N2 influenza viruses in poultry from southern China Characterization of a non-pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a migratory duck flying from Siberia in Hokkaido Evaluation of the reverse transcription loopmediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) as a screening method for the detection of influenza viruses in the fecal materials of water birds Genetic diversity of H9N2 influenza viruses from pigs in China: a potential threat to human health? keywords: avian; ducks; h9n2; influenza; isolates; pigs; sublineage; viruses cache: cord-285547-7m3dh8hu.txt plain text: cord-285547-7m3dh8hu.txt item: #642 of 1203 id: cord-285856-0sw3wt1i author: Naesens, Lieve title: Anti-influenza virus activity and structure–activity relationship of aglycoristocetin derivatives with cyclobutenedione carrying hydrophobic chains date: 2009-02-05 words: 2976 flesch: 27 summary: Additional anti-influenza virus compounds should be urgently developed, having a novel antiviral target that is highly conserved amongst influenza virus (sub)types and, hence, less prone to genetic variation and resistance selection. The cellular entry process of influenza viruses has been unraveled since many years (reviewed in Skehel and Wiley, 2000) . keywords: activity; aglycoristocetin; anti; glycopeptide; influenza; squaric; virus cache: cord-285856-0sw3wt1i.txt plain text: cord-285856-0sw3wt1i.txt item: #643 of 1203 id: cord-285935-5rsk6g7l author: Kinast, Volker title: Hepatitis E Virus Drug Development date: 2019-05-28 words: 6651 flesch: 42 summary: Part I: Nucleoside analogues Sensitivity of mitochondrial transcription and resistance of RNA polymerase II dependent nuclear transcription to antiviral ribonucleosides Antiviral candidates for treating hepatitis E virus infection The RNA template channel of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as a target for development of antiviral therapy of multiple genera within a virus family Resistance analysis and characterization of NITD008 as an adenosine analog inhibitor against hepatitis C virus Combined treatment of adenosine nucleoside inhibitor NITD008 and histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat represents an immunotherapy strategy to ameliorate West Nile virus infection Adenosine Analog NITD008 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Zika Virus An adenosine nucleoside inhibitor of dengue virus Screening of novel drugs for inhibiting hepatitis E virus replication Sofosbuvir: A novel oral agent for chronic hepatitis C Pan-Genotype Hepatitis E Virus Replication in Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocellular Systems Distinct Antiviral Potency of Sofosbuvir Against Hepatitis C and E Viruses Genotype 5 Hepatitis E Virus Produced by a Reverse Genetics System Has the Potential for Zoonotic Infection Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir Anti-Viral Therapy Fails to Clear HEV Viremia and Restore Reactive T Cells in a HEV/HCV Co-Infected Liver Transplant Recipient Chronic hepatitis E in a heart transplant patient: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin regimen not fully effective Combination therapy of sofosbuvir and ribavirin fails to clear chronic hepatitis E infection in a multivisceral transplanted patient Sofosbuvir shows antiviral activity in a patient with chronic hepatitis E virus infection Autochthonous acute hepatitis E: Treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Eradication of Refractory Hepatitis E in an Immunosuppressed Kidney Transplant Recipient Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir monotherapy in patients with chronic hepatitis E-The HepNet SofE pilot study High-throughput screening (HTS) for the identification of novel antiviral scaffolds Impact of high-throughput screening in biomedical research An ethanol extract of Lysimachia mauritiana exhibits inhibitory activity against hepatitis E virus genotype 3 replication Spicatoside A derived from Liriope platyphylla root ethanol extract inhibits hepatitis E virus genotype 3 replication in vitro Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by zinc group metal compounds 2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture Zinc Salts Block Hepatitis E Virus Replication by Inhibiting the Activity of Viral RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase The relationship between zinc intake and serum/plasma zinc concentration in children: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis Failure to respond to ribavirin despite elevated intra-erythrocyte zinc level in transplant-patients with chronic hepatitis E virus infection A screen for novel hepatitis C virus RdRp inhibitor identifies a broad-spectrum antiviral compound Biological and immunological characteristics of hepatitis E virus-like particles based on the crystal structure Structure of the hepatitis E virus-like particle suggests mechanisms for virus assembly and receptor binding Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required for cellular binding of the hepatitis E virus ORF2 capsid protein and for viral infection The ubiquitous hammerhead ribozyme Development of a chimeric DNA-RNA hammerhead ribozyme targeting SARS virus Berzal-Herranz, A. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication and internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation by an RNA molecule Reduction in severity of a herpes simplex virus type 1 murine infection by treatment with a ribozyme targeting the UL20 gene RNA Targeted cleavage of hepatitis E virus 3' end RNA mediated by hammerhead ribozymes inhibits viral RNA replication Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers as Inhibition of hepatitis E virus replication by peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers Proteasome inhibitors: Valuable new tools for cell biologists Hepatitis E virus replication requires an active ubiquitin-proteasome system Inhibition of hepatitis E virus replication by proteasome inhibitor is nonspecific Tsg101 and the Vacuolar Protein Sorting Pathway Are Essential for HIV-1 Budding Enhanced alpha1 microglobulin secretion from Hepatitis E virus ORF3-expressing human hepatoma cells is mediated by the tumor susceptibility gene 101 ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells A PSAP motif in the ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is necessary for virion release from infected cells Structure of the Tsg101 UEV domain in complex with the PTAP motif of the HIV-1 p6 protein Inhibition of HIV budding by a genetically selected cyclic peptide targeting the Gag-TSG101 interaction Potent Inhibition of Hepatitis E Virus Release by a Cyclic Peptide Inhibitor of the Interaction between Viral Open Reading Frame 3 Protein and Host Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 Inhibition of dengue virus through suppression of host pyrimidine biosynthesis Anti-HIV-1 activity of leflunomide: A comparison with mycophenolic acid and hydroxyurea Chronic hepatitis E in heart transplant recipients Calcineurin inhibitors stimulate and mycophenolic acid inhibits replication of hepatitis E virus An Early Viral Response Predicts the Virological Response to Ribavirin in Hepatitis E Virus Organ Transplant Patients Cross Talk between Nucleotide Synthesis Pathways with Cellular Immunity in Constraining Hepatitis E Virus Replication Rocaglamide, silvestrol and structurally related bioactive compounds from Aglaia species Therapeutic suppression of translation initiation modulates chemosensitivity in a mouse lymphoma model Silvestrol Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the eIF4A inhibitor silvestrol against corona-and picornaviruses The natural compound silvestrol is a potent inhibitor of Ebola virus replication The natural compound silvestrol inhibits hepatitis E virus (HEV) replication in vitro and in vivo A mutation in the hepatitis E virus RNA polymerase promotes its replication and associates with ribavirin treatment failure in organ transplant recipients Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis E virus subtypes A new hepatitis E virus genotype 2 strain identified from an outbreak in Nigeria A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors An outbreak of hepatitis E in an urban area of Bangladesh Abravanel, F. HEV and transfusion-recipient risk Chronic Infection With Camelid Hepatitis E Virus in a Liver Transplant Recipient Who Regularly Consumes Camel Meat and Milk Rat Hepatitis E Virus as Cause of Persistent Hepatitis after Liver Transplant Rat hepatitis E virus linked to severe acute hepatitis in an immunocompetent patient Hepatitis E virus infection Hepatitis E and pregnancy: Current state Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus Pegylated interferon-alpha for treating chronic hepatitis E virus infection after liver transplantation Treatment of chronic hepatitis E in liver transplant recipients with pegylated interferon α-2b Three-month pegylated interferon-alpha-2a therapy for chronic hepatitis E virus infection in a haemodialysis patient European Association for the Study of the Liver. keywords: antiviral; cells; chronic; development; effect; hepatitis; hev; infection; patients; protein; rbv; replication; rna; study; therapy; virus cache: cord-285935-5rsk6g7l.txt plain text: cord-285935-5rsk6g7l.txt item: #644 of 1203 id: cord-286137-4cbh3u3z author: Honce, Rebekah title: They are what you eat: Shaping of viral populations through nutrition and consequences for virulence date: 2020-08-13 words: 1928 flesch: 27 summary: Barriers to replication exist within and between susceptible hosts, which restrict viral population diversity to quell infections [13] . key: cord-286137-4cbh3u3z authors: Honce, Rebekah; Schultz-Cherry, Stacey title: They are what you eat: Shaping of viral populations through nutrition and consequences for virulence date: 2020-08-13 journal: PLoS Pathog DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008711 sha: doc_id: 286137 cord_uid: 4cbh3u3z nan Humans have coexisted with viral pathogens for tens of thousands of years, influencing both their emergence and evolution. keywords: evolution; host; infection; population; virulence; virus cache: cord-286137-4cbh3u3z.txt plain text: cord-286137-4cbh3u3z.txt item: #645 of 1203 id: cord-286219-qcx5ehnh author: Calistri, Arianna title: The Ubiquitin-Conjugating System: Multiple Roles in Viral Replication and Infection date: 2014-05-06 words: 10214 flesch: 35 summary: First of all, viral proteins have been described that can modify the substrate specificity of cellular Ub ligases. In addition to p53 and pRB, another protein complex involved in cell cycle control, the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is emerging as a key target for viral proteins. keywords: budding; cells; cellular; complex; cycle; degradation; human; ligase; proteasome; protein; replication; role; tetherin; ubiquitin; ubiquitination; virus; viruses; vpr; vpu cache: cord-286219-qcx5ehnh.txt plain text: cord-286219-qcx5ehnh.txt item: #646 of 1203 id: cord-286298-pn9nwl64 author: Helmy, Yosra A. title: The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control date: 2020-04-24 words: 9320 flesch: 44 summary: The other third of SARS CoV-2 includes four genes (in green) that encode four structural proteins (S, M, E, N), and six accessory genes (in blue) that encode six accessory proteins (orf3a, orf6, orf7a, orf7b, orf8, and orf10). While the SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit was conserved, the S1 subunit shares an overall 70% identity with those of bat and human SARS-CoV. keywords: 2019; analysis; bat; cases; china; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; genome; human; infection; mers; novel; patients; protein; rna; sars; transmission; viruses cache: cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt plain text: cord-286298-pn9nwl64.txt item: #647 of 1203 id: cord-286559-y8z0pwgn author: Ding, Nai-Zheng title: A permanent host shift of rabies virus from Chiroptera to Carnivora associated with recombination date: 2017-03-21 words: 4245 flesch: 36 summary: Therefore, RABV is a useful model for studying the mechanisms of bat virus host shifts 13 . Carnivore RABVs originated from two historical host shifts from bat viruses. keywords: bat; carnivore; fig; host; protein; rabies; rabv; recombination; virus cache: cord-286559-y8z0pwgn.txt plain text: cord-286559-y8z0pwgn.txt item: #648 of 1203 id: cord-286708-igu984oc author: Chua, Kaw Bing title: Identification and Characterization of a New Orthoreovirus from Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections date: 2008-11-25 words: 4366 flesch: 47 summary: The discovery of Kampar virus highlights the increasing trend of emergence of bat zoonotic viruses and the need to expand our understanding of bats as a source of many unknown viruses. In conclusion, the discovery and characterization of KamV corroborate our previous work on MelV and demonstrate the increasing risk posed by unknown bat viruses which are capable of infecting and causing disease in humans. keywords: bats; case; fruit; human; kampar; kamv; melv; nbv; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-286708-igu984oc.txt plain text: cord-286708-igu984oc.txt item: #649 of 1203 id: cord-286719-1xjmlwqr author: Draz, Mohamed Shehata title: Applications of gold nanoparticles in virus detection date: 2018-02-15 words: 19000 flesch: 33 summary: In addition, we provide a general summary of the contributions of AuNPs to the mainstream methods of virus detection, technical measures, and recommendations required in guidance toward commercial in-field applications. Toward this endeavor and beyond the pitfalls of current immunological and molecular techniques commonly applied to virus detection, several new approaches based on nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been developed. keywords: addition; amplification; antigen; assay; aunps; conjugates; detection; dna; fig; gold; hbv; hepatitis; hiv; human; infection; influenza; metal; molecular; nanoparticles; nucleic; probes; rna; sensitivity; silver; specific; surface; target; target dna; techniques; viral; virus; virus detection; viruses cache: cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt plain text: cord-286719-1xjmlwqr.txt item: #650 of 1203 id: cord-286741-h3oix9zc author: Park, Mee Sook title: Animal models for the risk assessment of viral pandemic potential date: 2020-04-22 words: 9626 flesch: 42 summary: A viruses Rescue of influenza A virus from recombinant DNA A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses High yields of influenza A virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells are promoted by an insufficient interferon-induced antiviral state Receptor binding specificity of recent human H3N2 influenza viruses Differential susceptibility of different cell lines to swine-origin influenza A H1N1, seasonal human influenza A H1N1, and avian influenza A H5N1 viruses Pathogenesis of influenza virus infections: the good, the bad and the ugly Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections Introduction of virulence markers in PB2 of pandemic swine-origin influenza virus does not result in enhanced virulence or transmission Transmission and pathogenesis of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses in ferrets and mice Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses Replication and pathogenic potential of influenza A virus subtypes H3, H7, and H15 from free-range ducks in Bangladesh in mammals Virulence determinants of pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus in a mouse model Sialic acid recognition is a key determinant of influenza A virus tropism in murine trachea epithelial cell cultures Effective replication of human influenza viruses in mice lacking a major alpha2,6 sialyltransferase The C-type lectin Langerin functions as a receptor for attachment and infectious entry of influenza A virus Nlinked glycosylation facilitates sialic acid-independent attachment and entry of influenza A viruses into cells expressing DC-SIGN or L-SIGN Evolving complexities of influenza virus and its receptors Adaptation of influenza A viruses to cells expressing low levels of sialic acid leads to loss of neuraminidase activity Adaptation of pandemic H1N1 influenza viruses in mice Structure and receptor specificity of the hemagglutinin from an H5N1 influenza virus Three mutations switch H7N9 influenza to human-type receptor specificity Analysis of recombinant H7N9 wild-type and mutant viruses in pigs shows that the Q226L mutation in HA is important for transmission Influenza H1N1 A/Solomon Island/ 3/06 virus receptor binding specificity correlates with virus pathogenicity, antigenicity, and immunogenicity in ferrets Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets Functional balance of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities accompanies the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic Effects of HA and NA glycosylation pattern changes on the transmission of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in Guinea pigs The contribution of animal models to the understanding of the host range and virulence of influenza A viruses Animal models for influenza virus transmission studies: a historical perspective Animal models for influenza virus pathogenesis and transmission Bronchointerstitial pneumonia in Guinea pigs following inoculation with H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus Pathogenesis of 1918 pandemic and H5N1 influenza virus infections in a Guinea pig model: antiviral potential of exogenous alpha interferon to reduce virus shedding The Guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses Syrian hamster as an animal model for the study of human influenza virus infection Animal models in influenza vaccine testing A virus obtained from influenza patients Transmission of influenza B viruses in the Guinea pig Transmission in the Guinea pig model The use of nonhuman primates in research on seasonal, pandemic and avian influenza Pathogenesis of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in a primate model Experimental production of respiratory tract disease in cebus monkeys after intratracheal or intranasal infection with influenza A/Victoria/3/75 or influenza A/New Jersey/76 virus African green monkeys recapitulate the clinical experience with replication of live attenuated pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidates Evaluation of replication, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a live attenuated cold-adapted pandemic H1N1 influenza virus vaccine in non-human primates Establishment of a cynomolgus macaque model of influenza B virus infection A single amino acid in the polymerase acidic protein determines the pathogenicity of influenza B viruses Adaptive mutations of neuraminidase stalk truncation and deglycosylation confer enhanced pathogenicity of influenza A viruses Influenza virus receptor specificity and cell tropism in mouse and human airway epithelial cells Pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in ferrets and mice DBA/2 mouse as an animal model for anti-influenza drug efficacy evaluation The DBA.2 mouse is susceptible to disease following infection with a broad, but limited, range of influenza A and B viruses Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of several polychlorinated biphenyls in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey by means of a physiological pharmacokinetic model Development of animal models against emerging coronaviruses: from SARS to MERS coronavirus The ferret as a model organism to study influenza A virus infection Host species restriction of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Livestock susceptibility to infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Host determinants of MERS-CoV transmission and pathogenesis Pneumonia from human coronavirus in a macaque model An acute immune response to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication contributes to viral pathogenicity Permissivity of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 Orthologs to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus is governed by glycosylation and other complex determinants Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques Wild-type and innate immune-deficient mice are not susceptible to the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome Generation of a transgenic mouse model of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and disease Pre-and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome A human DPP4-Knockin Mouse's susceptibility to infection by authentic and Pseudotyped MERS-CoV Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease Asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in rabbits Lack of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission in rabbits Enhanced inflammation in New Zealand white rabbits when MERS-CoV reinfection occurs in the absence of neutralizing antibody Prophylaxis with a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-specific human monoclonal antibody protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection Pathogenicity and viral shedding of MERS-CoV in immunocompromised rhesus macaques Infection with MERS-CoV causes lethal pneumonia in the common marmoset Comparative pathology of rhesus macaque and common marmoset animal models with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS coronavirus induces apoptosis in kidney and lung by upregulating Smad7 and FGF2 Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in upper respiratory tract of inoculated dromedary camels Identification of sialic acid-binding function for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein Species-specific Colocalization of Middle East keywords: animal; avian; cov; human; iavs; infection; influenza; mers; mice; pandemic; receptor; swine; tract; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-286741-h3oix9zc.txt plain text: cord-286741-h3oix9zc.txt item: #651 of 1203 id: cord-287151-4hlvrfeh author: Steinmann, J title: Surrogate viruses for testing virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants date: 2004-04-30 words: 2914 flesch: 38 summary: Besides volume ratios and soil load, the choice of test viruses is one of the most important question in addressing inactivation experiments. In Germany, poliovirus type 1 (vaccine strain LSc 2ab, formerly strain Mahoney/Pette), adenovirus type 5 (formerly adenovirus type 2), papovavirus strain 777 and vaccinia virus strain Elstree are test viruses for hand-, surface-and instrument disinfectant. keywords: cell; disinfectants; efficacy; hbv; hepatitis; inactivation; testing; virus; viruses cache: cord-287151-4hlvrfeh.txt plain text: cord-287151-4hlvrfeh.txt item: #652 of 1203 id: cord-287286-4l963z2q author: Green, Victoria A. title: Molecular mechanisms of viral infection and propagation: An overview of the second Advanced Summer School in Africa date: 2010-07-28 words: 7376 flesch: 35 summary: A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing virus infection and propagation is crucial to the development of antiviral strategies through identification of critical processes and drug targets. Research into the molecular basis of virus infection and propagation will enhance our understanding of virus-associated disease and inform new antiviral strategies and vaccine design. keywords: cancer; cell; development; dna; expression; gag; gene; group; hiv; host; hpv; human; import; infection; protein; school; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-287286-4l963z2q.txt plain text: cord-287286-4l963z2q.txt item: #653 of 1203 id: cord-287337-2ljbsia2 author: Ludwig, Christine title: Virus-like particles—universal molecular toolboxes date: 2008-01-04 words: 5073 flesch: 25 summary: Alternatively, GM-CSF was anchored in the VLP membrane by means of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) DNA vaccines encoding retrovirusbased virus-like particles induce efficient immune responses without adjuvant Generation and immunogenicity of novel HIV/AIDS vaccine candidates targeting HIV-1 Env/Gag-Pol-Nef antigens of clade C Selective elimination of HIV-1-infected cells by Env-directed, HIV-1-based virus-like particles Yeast-derived human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p55(gag) virus-like particles activate dendritic cells (DCs) and induce perforin expression in Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells by cross-presentation of DCs Virus-like particles exhibit potential as a pan-filovirus vaccine for both Ebola and Marburg viral infections Ebola virus-like particles produced in insect cells exhibit dendritic cell stimulating activity and induce neutralizing antibodies Immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus induced by virus-like particles in mice Versatile RHDV viruslike particles: incorporation of antigens by genetic modification and chemical conjugation Liposomes and virosomes as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs Applications of influenza virosomes as a delivery system Structureactivity-based design of a synthetic malaria peptide eliciting sporozoite inhibitory antibodies in a virosomal formulation Influenza virosomes as an efficient system for adjuvanted vaccine delivery Clinical applications of virosomes in cancer immunotherapy Optimized Malariaantigens delivered by immunostimulating reconstituted influenza virosomes Enhancement of the immunogenicity of synthetic carbohydrates by conjugation to virosomes: a leishmaniasis vaccine candidate Targeting her-2/neu with antirat Neu virosomes for cancer therapy Immunogenicity and adverse effects of inactivated virosome versus alum-adsorbed hepatitis A vaccine: a randomized controlled trial Immunereconstituted influenza virosome containing CD40L gene enhances the immunological and protective activity of a carcinoembryonic antigen anticancer vaccine Virosome-mediated delivery of tumor antigen to plasmacytoid dendritic cells Intranasal immunization with mumps virus DNA vaccine delivered by influenza virosomes elicits mucosal and systemic immunity Cellular gene transfer mediated by influenza virosomes with encapsulated plasmid DNA Cellular delivery of siRNA mediated by fusion-active virosomes Changing viral tropism using immunoliposomes alters the stability of gene expression: implications for viral vector design Icosahedral virus particles as addressable nanoscale building blocks Self-assembly and cross-linking of bionanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces Virus-based toolkit for the directed synthesis of magnetic and semiconducting nanowires Virus-enabled synthesis and assembly of nanowires for lithium ion battery electrodes We would like to thank the authors of the reviewed work for sharing their data and providing insight into their ingenious concepts and strategies. Indeed, wild-type BVs have been reported to induce strong innate immune responses upon intranasal inoculation capable of protecting mice from lethal challenge with influenza virus [31] . keywords: antigens; cells; dna; env; gag; hiv; particles; proteins; responses; vaccine; virosomes; virus; vlps cache: cord-287337-2ljbsia2.txt plain text: cord-287337-2ljbsia2.txt item: #654 of 1203 id: cord-287348-00yaxpkp author: Martinez, Maria Jose Abad title: Antiviral Activities of Polysaccharides from Natural Sources date: 2005-12-31 words: 7010 flesch: 43 summary: Although relatively little work has been done on natural antivirals against plant viruses, several reports concerning antiviral activity against plant virus infection have been recorded; for example, yeast mannans with antiviral activity against the tobacco mosaic virus infection in tobacco plants [136] , and lichenan PS from Iceland moss which exhibited antiviral activity against the potato viruses [8] . For example, different natural polymeric carbohydrates inhibited rabies virus infection in chicken-embryo-related cells by interfering with the virus adsorption process [126] . keywords: activity; agents; alga; antiviral; cell; compounds; extracts; hiv; infections; marine; plant; replication; sulphate; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-287348-00yaxpkp.txt plain text: cord-287348-00yaxpkp.txt item: #655 of 1203 id: cord-287466-ag5y781z author: Cowley, J.A. title: Nidoviruses of Fish and Crustaceans date: 2016-09-09 words: 17742 flesch: 23 summary: A constant-temperature RT loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) test with a sensitivity of ~5 RNA copies has also been developed for FHMNV diagnosis and surveillance (Zhang et al., 2014) . While toroviruses (28.0-28.5 kb) (Snijder et al., 2013) , bafiniviruses (26.6-27.3 kb) (Schütze et al., 2006; Batts et al., 2012) and roniviruses (26.2-26.6 kb) (Cowley et al., 2000a; Cowley and Walker, 2002; Sittidilokratna et al., 2002 Sittidilokratna et al., , 2008 possess similarly long genomes, those of mesoniviruses (20.2 kb) (Nga et al., 2011; Zirkel et al., 2011 Zirkel et al., , 2013 Lauber et al., 2012) and arteriviruses (12.7-15.7 kb) (Snijder et al., 2013) are more compact. keywords: cells; cowley et; detection; disease; dsrna; et al; flegel et; gav; gene; genome; gill; head; head virus; infection; lightner; monodon; nadala et; pcr; penaeus; penaeus monodon; rna; sequence; shrimp; sithigorngul et; sittidilokratna et; soowannayan et; spann et; species; virions; virus; viruses; wijegoonawardane et; yellow; yhv cache: cord-287466-ag5y781z.txt plain text: cord-287466-ag5y781z.txt item: #656 of 1203 id: cord-287554-2lqy2ix9 author: Amarelle, Luciano title: Tratamiento antigripal: fármacos actualmente utilizados y nuevos agentes en desarrollo date: 2017-01-31 words: 5868 flesch: 31 summary: Un estudio clínico multicéntrico aleatorizado (ARBITR) mostró en pacientes con influenza tratados con arbidol, un acortamiento de la enfermedad con reducción de la severidad y de la emisión de virus 55 . La vacunación es fundamental en la prevención de la enfermedad y sus complicaciones, principalmente para grupos de riesgo como niños, ancianos, portadores de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y embarazadas. keywords: actividad; antiviral; arn; cepas; como; con; célula; del; fusión; fármacos; han; huésped; influenza; inhibidores; las; los; ns1; oseltamivir; para; por; protein; proteína; que; son; tratamiento; una; viral; virales; virus; vitro cache: cord-287554-2lqy2ix9.txt plain text: cord-287554-2lqy2ix9.txt item: #657 of 1203 id: cord-287711-gw8mgg4m author: Junter, Guy-Alain title: Cellulose-based virus-retentive filters: a review date: 2017-06-01 words: 11727 flesch: 24 summary: Micro filters with 0.1-0.2 lm pore size (Koenderman et al. 2012; Terpstra et al. 2007; , but also 75N (Dichtelmüller et al. 2012 ) and 35N (Chtourou et al. 2007) . Both 20N (Caballero et al. 2014; Furuya et al. 2006; Gröner 2014) and 15N (Caballero et al. 2014; Roberts et al. 2010; Terpstra et al. 2007; Planova filters and their combination (Gröner et al. 2012; Koenderman et al. 2012 ) showed effective virus removal over a wide range of viral particle sizes (Table 1) . keywords: air; cellulose; concentration; detection; efficiency; et al; fiber; filters; filtration; masks; media; membrane; methods; particles; pore; process; recovery; removal; samples; size; step; studies; table; virus; viruses; volume; water; water samples cache: cord-287711-gw8mgg4m.txt plain text: cord-287711-gw8mgg4m.txt item: #658 of 1203 id: cord-287770-oxfnt2n4 author: Caricati, C. P. title: Safety of snake antivenom immunoglobulins: Efficacy of viral inactivation in a complete downstream process date: 2013-06-27 words: 4788 flesch: 42 summary: We found several evidences of virus inactivation and thus of possible cross-reaction, showing for the first time that equine plasma recognizes a wide array of typical model viruses, including a substantial amount of BVDV. Available at Q5A: quality of biotechnological products: viral safety evaluation of biotechnology products derived from cell lines of human or animal origin Genomic and serological diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Japan Antibodies against bovine herpesvirus (BHV) 5 may be differentiated from antibodies against BHV1 in a BHV1 glycoprotein E blocking ELISA A method for measuring specific antibodies in bovine lacteal secretions during the nonlactating period A sensitive and specific immunoassay for the measurement of the antibodies present in horse antivenoms endowed with the capacity to block the phospholipase a2-dependent hemolysis induced by snake venoms Virus safety of human immunoglobulins: efficient inactivation of hepatitis C and other human pathogenic viruses by the manufacturing procedure Turbidity of hyperimmune equine antivenom: the role of phenol and serum lipoproteins Purification of intravenous immunoglobulin G from human plasma-aspects of yield and virus safety Characterization and viral safety validation study of a pasteurized therapeutic concentrate of antithrombin III obtained through affinity chromatography Note for guidance on production and quality control of animal immunoglobulins and immunsera for human use. keywords: heat; inactivation; pepsin; phenol; plasma; process; safety; sai; samples; step; virus; viruses cache: cord-287770-oxfnt2n4.txt plain text: cord-287770-oxfnt2n4.txt item: #659 of 1203 id: cord-287851-9p0dr7rl author: Fedson, David S title: Confronting an influenza pandemic with inexpensive generic agents: can it be done? date: 2008-09-30 words: 4891 flesch: 38 summary: The acute infl ammatory response to infl uenza virus infection is generated by interleukin 1α/β, which binds to the type 1 interleukin-1 receptor. In studies comparing responses to infl uenza virus infection in interleukin-1-receptor antagonist knockout mice and normal mice, Schmitz and co-workers 16 showed that weight loss in the two groups was similar and lung virus titres in knockout mice increased only moderately, but mortality in knockout mice increased substantially. keywords: agents; ammatory; eff; infection; infl; mice; pandemic; statins; uenza; virus cache: cord-287851-9p0dr7rl.txt plain text: cord-287851-9p0dr7rl.txt item: #660 of 1203 id: cord-288111-0ufc54kw author: ter MEULEN, VOLKER title: Autoimmune Reactions Against Myelin Basic Protein Induced by Corona and Measles Viruses date: 2006-12-17 words: 2851 flesch: 29 summary: A variety of viral sequences, including those of measles virus, were recently compared by computer analysis with myelin basic protein ( MBP).26 The comparison showed amino acid homology between viral proteins and MBP. Corona virus induced subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats: A morphological analysis Demyelinating encephalomyelitis induced by a long-term corona virus infection in rats Relapsing subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats in the course of coronavirus JHM infection Comparative analysis of coronavirus JHM induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis in Lewis and Brown-Norway rats Virological aspects of measles virus induced encephalomyelitis in Lewis and BN rats Oligoclonal measles virusspecific IgG antibodies isolated from cerebrospinal fluids, brain extracts, and sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis Mumps meningitis: Prolonged pleocytosis and occurrence of mumps virus-specific oligoclonal IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid Progressive rubella virus panencephalitis: Synthesis of oligoclonal virus-specific IgG antibodies and homogeneous free light chains in the central nervous system Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal virus-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies Intrathecal synthesis of virus-specific oligoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies in a case of varicella-zoster meningoencephalitis Synthesis of herpes simplex virus immunoglobulin M, A and G antibodies and development of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G in the central nervous system Demonstration of electrophoretically restricted virus-specific antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by imprint electraimmunofixation Detection and identification of virus-specific, oligoclonal IgC in unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid by immunoblot technique Intrathecal humoral immune response in corona virus induced encephalomyelitis of Lewis and BN rats Analysis of the intrathecal humoral immune response in Brown Norway (BN) rats, infected with the murine coronavirus JHM Comparative analysis of virusspecific antibodies and immunoglobulins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of subacute measles virus induced encephalomyelitis (SAME) in rats and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) Adoptive transfer of EAE-like lesions by BMP stimulated lymphocytes from rats with coronavirus-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis Induction of autoimmune reactions to myelin basic protein in measles virus encephalitis in ,Lewis rats Astrocytes present myelin basic protein to encephalitogenic T-cell lines Viral particles induce l a antigen expression on astrocytes Tumor necrosis factor amplifies measles virus-mediated Ia induction on astrocytes B cell activation. keywords: antigens; cells; encephalomyelitis; lymphocytes; measles; rats; virus cache: cord-288111-0ufc54kw.txt plain text: cord-288111-0ufc54kw.txt item: #661 of 1203 id: cord-288231-vg8bwed9 author: Haagmans, Bart L. title: The Application of Genomics to Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases date: 2009-10-26 words: 3414 flesch: 27 summary: Understanding the relationship between genetic diversity and antigenic properties of these viruses [13] may help to predict the emergence of influenza viruses and to develop effective vaccines. The host evasion and evolution of influenza virus is further discussed in [20] . keywords: host; humans; influenza; sars; species; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-288231-vg8bwed9.txt plain text: cord-288231-vg8bwed9.txt item: #662 of 1203 id: cord-288238-36hiiw91 author: Keshavarz, Mohsen title: Metabolic host response and therapeutic approaches to influenza infection date: 2020-03-05 words: 8165 flesch: 26 summary: Induction of protective immune response to intranasal administration of influenza virus-like particles in a mouse model Association of polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokines encoding genes with severe cases of influenza a/H1N1 and B in an Iranian population Acute encephalopathy associated with influenza and other viral infections Influenza vaccination for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: understanding immunogenicity, efficacy and effectiveness Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis The nutritional requirements for the propagation of poliomyelitis virus by the HeLa cell Energy metabolic disorder is a major risk factor in severe influenza virus infection: proposals for new therapeutic options based on animal model experiments Metabolic pathways of lung inflammation revealed by high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) of H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice Targeting metabolic reprogramming by influenza infection for therapeutic intervention Influenza virus M2 protein inhibits epithelial sodium channels by increasing reactive oxygen species Influenza a virus PB1-F2 is involved in regulation of cellular redox state in alveolar epithelial cells Enhanced oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins and levels of some antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, and heat shock proteins in patients infected with influenza H1N1 virus Does influenza A infection increase oxidative damage Selenium levels, selenoenzyme activities and oxidant/antioxidant parameters in H1N1-infected children Lung histopathological findings in fatal pandemic influenza a (H1N1) Influenza virus replication in lung epithelial cells depends on redox-sensitive pathways activated by NOX4-derived ROS Oxidative stress in lungs of mice infected with influenza a virus Alterations in antioxidant defences in lung and liver of mice infected with influenza a virus Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production ameliorates inflammation induced by influenza a viruses via upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3 Inhibition of Nox2 oxidase activity ameliorates influenza a virus-induced lung inflammation Influenza a virus and TLR7 activation potentiate NOX2 oxidasedependent ROS production in macrophages Endosomal NOX2 oxidase exacerbates virus pathogenicity and is a target for antiviral therapy Dependence on O2-generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD Alteration of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 expression by influenza a virus is correlated with virus replication Inhibition of influenza infection by glutathione Influenza a virus replication is dependent on an antioxidant pathway that involves GSH and Bcl-2 Differential redox state contributes to sex disparities in the response to influenza virus infection in male and female mice Glutathione increase by the n-butanoyl glutathione derivative (GSH-C4) inhibits viral replication and induces a predominant Th1 immune profile in old mice infected with influenza virus Glutathione-redox balance regulates c-rel-driven IL-12 production in macrophages: possible implications in Antituberculosis immunotherapy The cytokine storm of severe influenza and development of immunomodulatory therapy Inflammatory Monocytes Drive Influenza A Virus-Mediated Lung Injury in Juvenile Mice Role of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase in alpha/beta and gamma interferon-mediated antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus infections Effects of interferons and viruses on metabolism Dynamics of the cellular metabolome during human cytomegalovirus infection Systems-level metabolic flux profiling identifies fatty acid synthesis as a target for antiviral therapy Early enhanced glucose uptake in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells Respiration and ATP level in BHK21/13S cells during the earlist stages of rubella virus replication Primary effects of the rubella virus on the metabolism of BHK-21 cells grown in suspension cultures Mitochondrial and bioenergetic dysfunction in human hepatic cells infected with dengue 2 virus Respiration and glycolysis of human cells grown in tissue culture Some metabolic effects of poliomyelitis virus on tissue culture The aforementioned metabolic processes are not the only pathways affected by influenza virus infection. keywords: acid; activity; atp; cells; expression; fatty; glucose; glycolysis; increase; infection; influenza; metabolic; mice; pathways; production; replication; role; virus cache: cord-288238-36hiiw91.txt plain text: cord-288238-36hiiw91.txt item: #663 of 1203 id: cord-288348-b10e023s author: Estes, Mary Kolb title: Epidemic viral gastroenteritis date: 1979-06-30 words: 4525 flesch: 37 summary: Rotavirus agents isolated from animals, including calves, pigs and monkeys, have been able to be cultured or adapted to growth in tissue culture in the laboratory. Our knowledge of the epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis infections is still in its infancy. keywords: agents; children; gastroenteritis; human; norwalk; particles; rotavirus; studies; subjects; viruses cache: cord-288348-b10e023s.txt plain text: cord-288348-b10e023s.txt item: #664 of 1203 id: cord-288372-48wao8a0 author: Dia, Ndongo title: Respiratory viruses associated with patients older than 50 years presenting with ILI in Senegal, 2009 to 2011 date: 2014-04-08 words: 3874 flesch: 50 summary: The impact of influenza on the health and health care utilisation of elderly people Influenza-related hospitalisation and death in Australians aged 50 years and older New respiratory viruses and the elderly Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States Surveillance of 16 respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Nanjing Current research on influenza and other respiratory viruses: II international symposium Aetiology of influenza-like illness in adults includes parainfluenzavirus type 4 Acute viral infections of upper respiratory tract in elderly people living in the community: comparative, prospective, population based study of disease burden Influenza A/H1N1 2009 pandemic and respiratory virus infections The post-infection outcomes of influenza and acute respiratory infection in patients above 50 years of age in Japan: an observational study Characterization of an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness Epidemiology of 2009 pandemic influenza a (H1N1) deaths in the United States Outbreaks of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) among long-term-care facility residents-three states Nationwide surveillance of 18 respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illnesses: a pilot feasibility study in the French Sentinel network Rates of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus in older adults Fields Virology Viral respiratory infections in elderly patients and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A subregional analysis of epidemiologic and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in Africa Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: evaluating the CLART1 150 viruses were detected: influenza viruses (44.7%) and rhinoviruses (26.7%) were the most prevalent. keywords: age; detection; human; ili; influenza; patients; study; viruses; years cache: cord-288372-48wao8a0.txt plain text: cord-288372-48wao8a0.txt item: #665 of 1203 id: cord-288703-wdh1jiry author: Ishtiaq, Farah title: A Call to Introduce Structured Zika Surveillance in India date: 2017-11-15 words: 3044 flesch: 43 summary: PMX is targeted to exonemes [2] , among the earliest parasite organelles discharged during egress, and is required in vivo for proteolytic maturation of the serine protease Neutralizing antibodies against certain viruses in the sera of residents of India Elevation as a proxy for mosquitoborne Zika virus transmission in the Americas Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus: a potential vector to transmit Zika virus Zika virus replication in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus in Brazil Potential for Zika virus introduction and transmission in resource-limited countries in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region: a modelling study Arbovirus survey in wild birds in Uganda A survey for arboviral antibodies in sera of humans and animals in Lombok, Republic of Indonesia Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of Zika virus into the United States Zika virus: medical countermeasure development challenges Zika virus infection and associated neurologic disorders in Brazil A confirmed case of Zika virus disease requires laboratory confirmation of infection by either the presence of Zika virus RNA or of antigen in serum or other samples (e.g., saliva, tissues, urine, whole blood); or alternatively the detection of IgM antibodies against Zika virus. keywords: cases; disease; india; outbreak; potential; transmission; virus; zika cache: cord-288703-wdh1jiry.txt plain text: cord-288703-wdh1jiry.txt item: #666 of 1203 id: cord-288734-xinkqs6u author: Muñoz-Fontela, César title: Ebola Virus Disease in Humans: Pathophysiology and Immunity date: 2017-03-30 words: 9966 flesch: 27 summary: Perhaps one of the most surprising findings has been the low overall number of human cases presenting with bleeding (Schieffelin et al. 2014) , as well as the lack of correlation between bleeding and disease severity (Schieffelin et al. 2014; McElroy et al. 2014a, b) . Furthermore, in the Western African outbreak, hemorrhagic manifestations were rarely reported; fewer than 15% of all patients from Liberia and Sierra Leone had any bleeding symptom recorded (Chertow et al. 2014; Schieffelin et al. 2014; Lado et al. 2015; Yan et al. 2015; Dallatomasina et al. 2015; Li et al. 2016; Qin et al. 2015) , but two reports from a single center in Guinea reported bleeding in 51 and 26% of patients (Barry et al. 2014; keywords: activation; cells; data; dcs; disease; ebola; ebov; endothelial; et al; evd; fever; human; immune; immunity; infection; levels; mcelroy; outbreak; patients; responses; virus cache: cord-288734-xinkqs6u.txt plain text: cord-288734-xinkqs6u.txt item: #667 of 1203 id: cord-288879-rj03dsib author: Schein, Catherine H. title: Polyglutamine Repeats in Viruses date: 2018-09-04 words: 6201 flesch: 38 summary: Once Q-rich sequences were identified, BLAST searches starting from the viral proteins that contained them were used to determine the extent of their conservation in the same virus family and to find other virus proteins containing similar tracts. As discussed below, the longest repeats were found in DNA virus proteins that function in enhancing transmissibility (cowpox ATI) or contribute to viral latency (herpes viruses). keywords: autophagy; disease; dna; genome; herpes; polyq; proteins; repeats; replication; rna; role; segments; sequences; virus; viruses cache: cord-288879-rj03dsib.txt plain text: cord-288879-rj03dsib.txt item: #668 of 1203 id: cord-288930-h13cxuh3 author: Lim, Faye J title: Viral Etiology and the Impact of Codetection in Young Children Presenting With Influenza-Like Illness date: 2016-07-20 words: 3430 flesch: 37 summary: Detection of respiratory viruses by molecular methods Epidemiology of viral respiratory infections The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children Presence of the newly discovered human polyomaviruses KI and WU in Australian patients with acute respiratory tract infection Human rhinovirus C: age, season, and lower respiratory illness over the past 3 decades Human bocavirus-the first 5 years Single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants: impact on clinical course of disease and interferon-[gamma] response Multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections Evaluation of viral co-infections in hospitalized and non-hospitalized children with respiratory infections using microarrays Multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children Rates Calculator, version 9.5.5. Respiratory viruses were identified by culture and polymerase chain reaction. keywords: children; codetection; data; infection; influenza; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-288930-h13cxuh3.txt plain text: cord-288930-h13cxuh3.txt item: #669 of 1203 id: cord-288945-c9ow1q5c author: Spengler, Ulrich title: Liver Disease Associated with Non-Hepatitis Viruses date: 2019-11-01 words: 7433 flesch: 31 summary: For certain regions simultaneous testing for dengue and Zika virus infection is recommended. Unusual manifestation of infection with Coxsackie virus group B, type 3 Reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 by infection of human herpesvirus 7 Chikungunya fever in travelers: Clinical presentation and course Pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus Acyclovir for treatment of infectious mononucleosis: A metaanalysis Valacyclovir for herpes simples virus infection: Long-term safety and sustained efficacy after 20 years' experience with acyclovir Complete clinical and virological remission of refractory HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma with pegylated interferon alpha Genetic divergence and dispersal of yellow fever virus A comparison of the pattern of liver involvement in dengue hemorrhagic fever with classic dengue fever Quantitation of Epstein-Barr virus mRNA using reverse transcription and real-time PCR Association of lymphomatoid granulomatosis with Epstein-Barr viral infection of B lymphocytes and response to interferon-alpha 2b Fever in returned travelers: Results from the GeoSentinel surveillance network Temporal pattern of hepatic dysfunction and disease severity in patients with SARS Dengue: Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control World Health Organization (2012) Handbook for clinical management of dengue Recovery from adenovirus pneumonia in a severe combined immunodeficiency patient with intravenous ribavirin Comparison of antiviral compounds against human herpesvirus 6 and 7 Human parvovirus B19 infection associated with acute hepatitis Acute exacerbation of autoimmune liver disease associated with hantaviral infection Human infection by avian influenza A H5N1 Disseminated herpes simplex type 2 and systemic Candida infection in a patient with previous asymptomatic HIV infection Histology slides were kindly provided by Prof. Dr. Hans-Peter Fischer, Department of Pathology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University of Bonn, Germany. keywords: acute; cmv; dengue; disease; et al; fever; hepatitis; human; infection; liver; organ; patients; syndrome; transplantation; virus; viruses cache: cord-288945-c9ow1q5c.txt plain text: cord-288945-c9ow1q5c.txt item: #670 of 1203 id: cord-289017-vwye3pk9 author: Comach, Guillermo title: Sentinel Surveillance of Influenza-Like Illness in Two Hospitals in Maracay, Venezuela: 2006–2010 date: 2012-09-11 words: 6275 flesch: 44 summary: Influenza viruses, including pandemic H1N1 2009, were the most frequently detected pathogens, accounting for 67.4% (97/144) of the viruses detected. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Influenza viruses were the most commonly detected viral organisms among patients with acute febrile respiratory illnesses presenting at two hospitals in Maracay, Venezuela. keywords: detection; ili; influenza; pandemic; pcr; ph1n1; study; surveillance; venezuela; viral; viruses cache: cord-289017-vwye3pk9.txt plain text: cord-289017-vwye3pk9.txt item: #671 of 1203 id: cord-289093-si8btsab author: Beard, Philippa M. title: A Loss of Function Analysis of Host Factors Influencing Vaccinia virus Replication by RNA Interference date: 2014-06-05 words: 6591 flesch: 44 summary: To investigate this complex pathogen-host relationship further, a RNAi screen of druggable host targets was carried out to analyse the effect of cellular protein depletion on VACV replication, using a multi-cycle VACV infection assay that monitors all stages of virus replication including virus spread. This resulted in a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0.86, confirming that fluorescence was a reliable determinant of virus replication. keywords: analysis; cells; data; figure; gene; hfs; host; infection; proteins; replication; rnai; screen; sirna; vaccinia; vacv; virus cache: cord-289093-si8btsab.txt plain text: cord-289093-si8btsab.txt item: #672 of 1203 id: cord-289360-h6wvx7gw author: Imperiale, Michael J. title: The Importance of Virology at a Time of Great Need and Great Jeopardy date: 2015-03-10 words: 1291 flesch: 46 summary: We are in the middle of our annual encounter with influenza virus, never knowing when the next strain to which there is little or no preexisting immunity will arise. In 2014-2015, a mismatch between the H3N2 strain in the influenza vaccine and the circulating virus has led to a poorly protective vaccine, which highlights the need for new vaccines. keywords: research; virology; viruses cache: cord-289360-h6wvx7gw.txt plain text: cord-289360-h6wvx7gw.txt item: #673 of 1203 id: cord-289406-54vyzxjf author: Edwards, Suzanne title: An Experimental Model for Myocarditis and Congestive Heart Failure after Rabbit Coronavirus Infection date: 1992-01-17 words: 3505 flesch: 45 summary: Viruses have long been recognized as important etiologic agents of heart disease in humans and experimental animals [1-3). In humans and experimental animals, viruses commonly linked to heart disease include the picornaviruses, paramyxoviruses, myxoviruses, alphaviruses, and coronaviruses keywords: animals; disease; heart; infection; myocarditis; rabbits; subacute; virus cache: cord-289406-54vyzxjf.txt plain text: cord-289406-54vyzxjf.txt item: #674 of 1203 id: cord-289593-81vu2kbu author: de Blic, J. title: Interactions micro-organismes et voies aériennes distales : spécificités pédiatriques date: 2017-03-03 words: 5329 flesch: 53 summary: • Plusieurs nouveaux virus susceptibles d'agresser l'épithélium respiratoire et de provoquer des maladies respiratoires ont été isolés, et il faut s'attendre à l'émergence de nouveaux virus à ARN, du fait de la fréquence de leurs mutations génétiques. Les données récentes issues des progrès dans le domaine de la biologie moléculaire d'identification virale mis à la disposition des cohortes prospectives de nouveau-nés ou de nourrissons tendent à répondre à la question de savoir si l'infection virale révèle un terrain prédisposé à l'asthme ou si elle est à l'origine de l'asthme. keywords: asthma; bronchiolite; chez; dans; des; est; hrv; l'asthme; les; ont; par; pour; respiratoire; risque; sont; sur; une; virus cache: cord-289593-81vu2kbu.txt plain text: cord-289593-81vu2kbu.txt item: #675 of 1203 id: cord-290034-4b0mshqa author: Le, Yen H. title: Virus detections among patients with severe acute respiratory illness, Northern Vietnam date: 2020-05-12 words: 2835 flesch: 38 summary: Emerging infectious diseases Etiology and clinical outcomes of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized adults Enterovirus Infection in Adults Presenting with Nonspecific Febrile Illness during Summer Evolution and spatiotemporal dynamics of enterovirus A71 subgenogroups in Vietnam. The majority of study patients (62.4%) were female and all study patients were aged 15 years or older. keywords: influenza; military; patients; sari; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-290034-4b0mshqa.txt plain text: cord-290034-4b0mshqa.txt item: #676 of 1203 id: cord-290133-4ou7ubb4 author: Weiss, Martin M. title: Rethinking Smallpox date: 2004-12-01 words: 3977 flesch: 48 summary: A focus on the hazards of smallpox vaccination without consideration of the potential consequences of a competently executed smallpox attack may lead to skewed analyses and flawed decisions. Review of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's smallpox vaccination program implementation: letter report #4 Evaluation of 21st-century risks of smallpox vaccination and policy options Smallpox vaccine policy is bad science Harrison's principles of internal medicine Bio-terrorism, NIH-CDC grand rounds US hunting antiviral drug to use in case of smallpox Ammo for the war on germs In vitro activity of potential anti-poxvirus agents Expression of mouse interleukin-4 by a recombinant ectromelia virus suppresses cytolytic lymphocyte responses and overcomes genetic resistance to mousepox Smallpox: anything to declare? keywords: attack; cases; health; methisazone; public; smallpox; vaccination; vaccine; virus cache: cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt plain text: cord-290133-4ou7ubb4.txt item: #677 of 1203 id: cord-290149-eed4v2jl author: ODEND'HAL, STEWART title: Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus date: 2012-12-02 words: 223 flesch: 20 summary: Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus causes two distinct syndromes; one is known as vomiting and wasting disease, and the other involves encephalomyelitis. key: cord-290149-eed4v2jl authors: ODEND'HAL, STEWART title: Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus date: 2012-12-02 journal: The Geographical Distribution of Animal Viral Diseases DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-524180-9.50087-x sha: doc_id: 290149 cord_uid: eed4v2jl This chapter provides an overview of the classification, description, hosts, key developments, diagnostic techniques, and diagnostic reagents for porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus. keywords: virus cache: cord-290149-eed4v2jl.txt plain text: cord-290149-eed4v2jl.txt item: #678 of 1203 id: cord-290231-4m9lj0uq author: Guirakhoo, Farshad title: The Murray Valley encephalitis virus prM protein confers acid resistance to virus particles and alters the expression of epitopes within the R2 domain of E glycoprotein date: 1992-12-31 words: 5752 flesch: 39 summary: The reactivity of MAbs defining the epitopes E-4b, E-6, or E-8 with reduced or nonreduced forms of MVE virus E glycoprotein was assessed using goat anti-mouse alkaline phosphatase conjugate (Jackson lmmuno Research, West Grove, PA). By using MAbs specific for MVE virus E glycoprotein in a capture ELISA, we demonstrated that if the processing of prM was interrupted at least three of these epitopes on the E glycoprotein were less accessible on the virus particle. keywords: ammonium; cells; chloride; fusion; glycoprotein; mve; prm; protein; virus; viruses cache: cord-290231-4m9lj0uq.txt plain text: cord-290231-4m9lj0uq.txt item: #679 of 1203 id: cord-290282-oxyzndsj author: Ortego, Javier title: Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus gene 7 is not essential but influences in vivo virus replication and virulence date: 2003-03-30 words: 4324 flesch: 45 summary: rTGEV in which gene 7 expression was abrogated (rTGEV-Δ7) were recovered from cDNA constructs, indicating that TGEV gene 7 was a nonessential gene for virus replication. The 3Ј end of the majority of TGEV genes overlaps with the 5Ј terminus of the next gene (Enjuanes et al., 2000b) , complicating insertion of heterologous genes into the viral genome and deletion of different genes to determine whether they are essential. keywords: gene; pbac; restriction; tgev; virus; viruses cache: cord-290282-oxyzndsj.txt plain text: cord-290282-oxyzndsj.txt item: #680 of 1203 id: cord-290352-0pc5eji4 author: de Jong, Menno D. title: Avian influenza A (H5N1) date: 2005-10-06 words: 9178 flesch: 31 summary: The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin Cellular transcriptional profiling in influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial cells: the role of the nonstructural NS1 protein in the evasion of the host innate defense and its potential contribution to pandemic influenza Comparison of efficacies of RWJ-270201, zanamivir, and oseltamivir against H5N1, H9N2, and other avian influenza viruses Emergence of multiple genotypes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Hong Kong SAR H5N1 influenza: a protean pandemic threat Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the internal genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong? Characterization of influenza A/HongKong/156/97 (H5N1) virus in a mouse model and protective effect of zanamivir on H5N1 infection in mice Avian influenza-a challenge to global health care structures Replication of avian influenza A viruses in mammals Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia Molecular basis for the generation in pigs of influenza A viruses with pandemic potential Antibody response in individuals infected with avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses and detection of anti-H5 antibody among household and social contacts Avian-to-human transmission of the PB1 gene of influenza A viruses in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics Avian influenza H5N1 in tigers and leopards Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs Enhanced virulence of influenza A viruses with the haemagglutinin of the 1918 pandemic virus DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin provides protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza While there has been no evidence of efficient transmission of influenza H5N1 virus between humans to date, caution and detailed investigations remain warranted in case of any cluster of infections, especially in view of the relatively rapid evolution H5N1 viruses have exhibited in recent years. keywords: avian; birds; et al; h5n1; hong; human; infections; influenza; influenza viruses; kong; outbreak; pandemic; poultry; strains; transmission; viruses cache: cord-290352-0pc5eji4.txt plain text: cord-290352-0pc5eji4.txt item: #681 of 1203 id: cord-290385-0smnl70i author: Chan, Jasper F.W. title: Zika fever and congenital Zika syndrome: An unexpected emerging arboviral disease date: 2016-03-03 words: 8262 flesch: 36 summary: Domain III peptides from flavivirus envelope protein are useful antigens for serologic diagnosis and targets for immunization A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential Spread of the pandemic Zika virus lineage is associated with NS1 codon usage adaptation in humans Biology of Zika virus infection in human skin cells Autophagy and viral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Zika virus infection of the central nervous system of mice Zika virus: further isolations in the Zika area, and some studies on the strains isolated Persistence of arboviruses and antiviral antibodies in vertebrate hosts: its occurrence and impacts Incubation periods of mosquito-borne viral infections: a systematic review Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus infection outbreak, French Polynesia Current Zika virus epidemiology and recent epidemics Zika virus outbreak Zika virus infection in man Zika virus infection, Cambodia Fatal Zika virus infection in girl with sickle cell disease, Colombia. Zika situation report e neurological syndrome and congenital anomalies Zika virus infection acquired during brief travel to Indonesia First case of Zika virus infection in a returning Canadian traveler Two cases of Zika fever imported from French Polynesia to Japan First case of laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection imported into Europe Zika virus infection after travel to Tahiti Zika virus infection in a traveller returning to Europe from Brazil Zika virus infections imported to Italy: clinical, immunological and virological findings, and public health implications Cytokine kinetics of Zika virus-infected patients from acute to reconvalescent phase Zika virus in an American recreational traveler Acute Zika virus infection after travel to Malaysian Borneo Zika fever imported from Thailand to Japan, and diagnosed by PCR in the urines Zika virus infection in a traveller returning from the Maldives Epidemiological alert e neurological syndrome, congenital malformations, and Zika virus infection. keywords: aedes; blood; cases; congenital; dengue; epidemic; fever; human; infection; microcephaly; mosquito; patients; syndrome; transmission; virus; virus infection; zika; zika virus; zikv; zikv infection cache: cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt plain text: cord-290385-0smnl70i.txt item: #682 of 1203 id: cord-290432-4dli5emd author: O’Grady, Kerry-Ann F. title: Upper airway viruses and bacteria in urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Brisbane, Australia: a cross-sectional study date: 2017-04-04 words: 3768 flesch: 40 summary: A population-based cohort study Diverging trends for lower respiratory infections in non-aboriginal and aboriginal children Lower respiratory infections in Australian indigenous children Estimates of aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians General practice activity in Australia Upper airway viruses and bacteria detection in clinical pneumonia in a population with high nasal colonisation do not relate to clinical signs Aetiology of childhood pneumonia in a well vaccinated South African birth cohort: a nested case-control study of the Drakenstein child health study The respiratory health of urban indigenous children aged less than 5 years: study protocol for a prospective cohort study Successful application of a simple specimen transport method for the conduct of respiratory virus surveillance in remote indigenous communities in Australia Mailed versus frozen transport of nasal swabs for surveillance of respiratory bacteria in remote indigenous communities in Australia Prevalence, codetection and seasonal distribution of upper airway viruses and bacteria in children with acute respiratory illnesses with cough as a symptom Upper airway viruses and bacteria and clinical outcomes in children with cough Hospitalisation of indigenous children in the northern Territory for lower respiratory illness in the first year of life General health, otitis media, nasopharyngeal carriage and middle ear microbiology in northern Territory aboriginal children vaccinated during consecutive periods of 10-valent or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines The interaction between respiratory viruses and pathogenic bacteria in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic aboriginal and non-aboriginal children Single-and multiple viral respiratory infections in children: disease and management cannot be related to a specific pathogen Role of nasopharyngeal bacteria and respiratory viruses in acute symptoms of young children Respiratory virus detection and clinical diagnosis in children attending day care Viral respiratory infections in hospitalized and community control children in Alaska Aetiological role of common respiratory viruses in acute lower respiratory infections in children under five years: a systematic review and meta-analysis Australian Institute of Health & Welfare. Indigenous children are 2.6 times more likely to present to emergency departments (ED) with ARI keywords: airway; ariwc; bacteria; children; prevalence; study; urban; viruses cache: cord-290432-4dli5emd.txt plain text: cord-290432-4dli5emd.txt item: #683 of 1203 id: cord-290481-i2ppvsh5 author: Dolja, Valerian V. title: Comparative and functional genomics of closteroviruses date: 2006-03-09 words: 9321 flesch: 39 summary: Nevertheless, RNA viruses play a prominent role in our understanding of life's origin and evolution. Because RNA is widely believed to predate DNA as the genetic material, RNA viruses could be living fossils of the primordial RNA world (Joyce, 2002; Koonin and Martin, 2005) . keywords: analysis; cell; closterovirus; et al; evolution; fig; gene; genome; plant; proteins; replication; rna; rnas; silencing; tail; virion; viruses; yellows cache: cord-290481-i2ppvsh5.txt plain text: cord-290481-i2ppvsh5.txt item: #684 of 1203 id: cord-290509-56pfww0l author: Fleet, Graham H title: Foodborne viral illness - status in Australia date: 2000-07-25 words: 4920 flesch: 44 summary: Faecal 97 cases of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis in 1996. For example, orange monellosis, shigellosis, yersiniosis, typhoid, lis-juice contaminated with Norwalk virus was responteriosis and hepatitis A. Annual reports of these sible for over 3000 cases of gastroenteritis in Ausnotifications are published by each State and Territ-tralia in 1991, but these data are not included in the ory and have been accessed for the purposes of this official notifiable statistics. keywords: australia; disease; food; foodborne; gastroenteritis; norwalk; outbreaks; oysters; virus; viruses cache: cord-290509-56pfww0l.txt plain text: cord-290509-56pfww0l.txt item: #685 of 1203 id: cord-290539-8ak2tths author: Cagno, Valeria title: Novel broad spectrum virucidal molecules against enveloped viruses date: 2018-12-07 words: 5556 flesch: 46 summary: Post treatment: Cells were infected with HSV-2 (MOI 0.01) for 2 h at 37˚C, the viral inoculum was removed and cultures were exposed to different compound concentrations and incubated until control cultures displayed extensive cytopathology. Virolytic antiviral peptides derived from mastoparan were shown to inhibit different enveloped viruses acting on the envelope and causing its detachment from the viral core [14] . keywords: acid; activity; assay; cells; compound; fig; hsv-2; mixture; virus; viruses cache: cord-290539-8ak2tths.txt plain text: cord-290539-8ak2tths.txt item: #686 of 1203 id: cord-290540-r0d6oaez author: Rottier, Peter J.M. title: The molecular dynamics of feline coronaviruses date: 1999-09-01 words: 3821 flesch: 53 summary: They compared sequences of FIPV viruses from different geographic areas with those of FECV viruses from these same areas and concluded that the viruses isolated from FIP cases are most similar to the coronaviruses from the area where this particular case of FIP occurred. On the other hand we have the virulent strains which cause feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and we then talk about FIP viruses (FIPV). keywords: coronaviruses; feline; fipv; infection; pcr; protein; type; viruses cache: cord-290540-r0d6oaez.txt plain text: cord-290540-r0d6oaez.txt item: #687 of 1203 id: cord-290548-0wezrr1b author: Watanabe, Tokiko title: Villains or heroes? The raison d'être of viruses date: 2020-02-19 words: 2920 flesch: 34 summary: However, the relationships between hosts and viruses are various and virus infections do not necessarily cause diseases in their hosts. Yet, these negative aspects of viruses do not tell the whole story since the relationships between hosts and viruses are multitudinous, and virus infections do not necessarily lead to disease symptoms in hosts. keywords: diseases; global; hosts; human; infection; studies; virology; viruses cache: cord-290548-0wezrr1b.txt plain text: cord-290548-0wezrr1b.txt item: #688 of 1203 id: cord-290556-x7t7zqjd author: Middleton, Peter J title: Viruses that multiply in the gut and cause endemic and epidemic gastroenteritis date: 1996-08-31 words: 3936 flesch: 43 summary: The viral flora of the faeces as seen by electron microscopy Monolconal antibody recognizes common epitope on protein VI of enteric adenoviruses Coronaviruses in animals Enteric viruses and diarrhea in HIV-infected patients Detection of viral antigens by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay Pathophysiology and clinical features of viral enteritis Comparison of human rotavirus disease in tropical and temperate settings Norwalk virus gene cloning and characterization Sequence and genomic organization of Norwalk virus Diarrhoea in advanced HIV infection associated with increased small intestinal permeability in both African and Caucasian patients Viral gastroenteritis Rotavirus Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis Epidemiology of Norwalk gastroenteritis and role of Norwalk virus in outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis Clinical features of adenovirus enteritis, a review of 127 cases Six-year retrospective surveillance of gastroenteritis viruses identified by ten electron microscopy centers in the United States and Canada Molecular characterization of Hawaii virus and other Norwalk-like viruses, evidence for genetic polymorphism among human caliciviruses 28 nm particles in faeces in infantile gastroenteritis General considerations in the care of sick children: pathophysiology of body fluid, parenteral fluid therapy Laboratory design and work flow Role of viruses in pediatric gastrointestinal disease and epidemiologic factors Orbivirus acute gastroenteritis of infancy Viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in young children Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections producing enteritis Human torovirus purification from faeces I would like to thank Evelyn Spice for her help in the preparation of this manuscript. In a six-year retrospective surveillance of gastroenteritis viruses by EM at 10 centres in the United States and Canada (Lew et al., 1990) , astroviruses were the third most commonly encountered etiologic agents (after rotaviruses and adenoviruses). keywords: children; diarrhea; enteritis; gastroenteritis; norwalk; rotavirus; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-290556-x7t7zqjd.txt plain text: cord-290556-x7t7zqjd.txt item: #689 of 1203 id: cord-290617-45be6gxe author: Poulain, Florian title: Footprint of the host restriction factors APOBEC3 on the genome of human viruses date: 2020-08-14 words: 10567 flesch: 52 summary: A3 footprint on HPV16, HPV18 and HPV31 . A3 footprint in human oncogenic viruses. keywords: a3 footprint; coding; depletion; dna; editing; fig; footprint; genes; genome; human; mer; ntc; replication; strand; viruses cache: cord-290617-45be6gxe.txt plain text: cord-290617-45be6gxe.txt item: #690 of 1203 id: cord-290851-1e5e033r author: Gerlier, Denis title: Emerging zoonotic viruses: new lessons on receptor and entry mechanisms date: 2011-06-12 words: 2756 flesch: 35 summary: Emerging and reemerging diseases: a historical perspective Emerging infections: a perpetual challenge An historical overview that allows easy understanding of the 'emerging infection Global trends in emerging infectious diseases Trilogy of ace2: a peptidase in the renin-angiotensin system, a sars receptor, and a partner for amino acid transporters A review describing known physiological functions of ACE2 that allow the understanding of its key role in the severe lung injury induced by SARS-CoV Ectodomain shedding of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 in human airway epithelia Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure of nipah virus in an experimentally infected cat Nipah virus infection: pathology and pathogenesis of an emerging paramyxoviral zoonosis Structural and biophysical characterization of the ephb4*ephrinb2 proteinprotein interaction and receptor specificity Crystal structure of an eph receptor-ephrin complex Functional studies of hostspecific ephrin-b ligands as henipavirus receptors A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects against lethal disease in a new ferret model of acute nipah virus infection Feline model of acute nipah virus infection and protection with a soluble glycoprotein-based subunit vaccine A quantitative and kinetic fusion protein-triggering assay can discern distinct steps in the nipah virus membrane fusion cascade Nipah virus entry can occur by macropinocytosis Simulating henipavirus multicycle replication in a screening assay leads to identification of a promising candidate for therapy The sh2/sh3 adaptor grb4 transduces b-ephrin reverse signals Tyrosine phosphorylation of transmembrane ligands for eph receptors Virus entry by macropinocytosis A useful review describing the molecular machinery of macropinocytosis and defining molecular criteria required for validating the use of this entry pathway by viruses Vaccinia virus uses macropinocytosis and apoptotic mimicry to enter host cells Adenovirus triggers macropinocytosis and endosomal leakage together with its clathrin-mediated uptake Subversion of ctbp1-controlled macropinocytosis by human adenovirus serotype 3 Dendritic cell function at low physiological temperature Tpcs: endolysosomal channels for ca2+ mobilization from acidic organelles triggered by naadp Effects of monovalent cations on semliki forest virus entry into bhk-21 cells Chimeric measles viruses with a foreign envelope Stable transduction of quiescent t cells without induction of cycle progression by a novel lentiviral vector pseudotyped with measles virus glycoproteins Pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with the wild-type measles virus glycoproteins improves titer and selectivity Ebola haemorrhagic fever Processing of the ebola virus glycoprotein by the proprotein convertase furin Endoproteolytic processing of the ebola virus envelope glycoprotein: cleavage is not required for function A novel mechanism for lsectin binding to ebola virus surface glycoprotein through truncated glycans Different potential of c-type lectin-mediated entry between marburg virus strains Lsectin interacts with filovirus glycoproteins and the spike protein of sars coronavirus Interactions of lsectin and dc-sign/dc-signr with viral ligands: differential ph dependence, internalization and virion binding Steric shielding of surface epitopes and impaired immune recognition induced by the ebola virus glycoprotein Ebolavirus glycoprotein gp masks both its own epitopes and the presence of cellular surface proteins Downregulation of beta1 integrins by ebola virus glycoprotein: implication for virus entry The primed ebolavirus glycoprotein (19-kilodalton gp1,2): sequence and residues critical for host cell binding Soluble GP and mutagenesis rationally designed from prefusion GP 3D structure allowed the detailed delineation of the RBR of EboV GP1 A system for functional analysis of ebola virus glycoprotein Cell adhesion-dependent membrane trafficking of a binding partner for the ebolavirus glycoprotein is a determinant of viral entry Emerging zoonotic viruses: new lessons on receptor and entry mechanisms Gerlier 33 www.sciencedirect.com [4 ] , and ensures the viral-cell membrane fusion that allows virus entry. keywords: ace2; binding; cell; ebov; entry; glycoprotein; macropinocytosis; receptor; sars; virus cache: cord-290851-1e5e033r.txt plain text: cord-290851-1e5e033r.txt item: #691 of 1203 id: cord-290855-6umgvt28 author: Ma, Li title: Antiviral Effects of Plant-Derived Essential Oils and Their Components: An Updated Review date: 2020-06-05 words: 5630 flesch: 38 summary: The preparative high-performance chromatography in terms of thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography, as well as the state-of-the-art equipment for structural elucidation facilitates the fractionation of EO components and evaluation of their bioactivities. From a new drug discovery point of view, isolation and in-detail studies of individual EO components that are far more bioactive than the EO mixture deserve our more attention. keywords: action; activities; activity; anti; components; eos; infection; oils; virus; viruses cache: cord-290855-6umgvt28.txt plain text: cord-290855-6umgvt28.txt item: #692 of 1203 id: cord-290993-bsnja161 author: McAuliffe, Josephine title: Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys date: 2004-12-05 words: 4551 flesch: 43 summary: Mucosal immunization of nonhuman primates with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the SARS coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of SARS A comparison in chimpanzees of the immunogenicity and efficacy of live attenuated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) temperature-sensitive mutant vaccines and vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of RSV Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome African green monkeys provide a useful nonhuman primate model for the study of human parainfluenza virus types-1,-2, and-3 infection Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Effects of a SARSassociated coronavirus vaccine in monkeys Pegylated interferonalpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Virulence of avian influenza A viruses for squirrel monkeys Immunologic phenomena in the effusive form of feline infectious peritonitis Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study National Microbiology Laboratory, Canada and Canadian Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Study Team Pathogenesis of influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in a primate model SARS coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters The recombinant chimeric human parainfluenza virus type 1 vaccine candidate, rHPIV3-1cp45, is attenuated, immunogenic, and protective in African green monkeys Prior infection and passive transfer of neutralizing antibody prevent replication of SARS coronavirus in the respiratory tract of mice Susceptibility of pigs and chickens to SARS coronavirus Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis: nature and development of viremia Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis: pathologic changes and immunofluorescence In three of four SARS-CoV-infected AGMs, virus titers in TL samples did not accurately reflect the titer of virus present in tracheal or lung tissue (Table 2 ) and consistently higher titers of virus were seen in lung, tracheal, or nasal turbinate tissue homogenates than in NT swabs or TL samples (Table 2) . keywords: agms; cov; day; infection; monkeys; replication; sars; virus cache: cord-290993-bsnja161.txt plain text: cord-290993-bsnja161.txt item: #693 of 1203 id: cord-291063-de7v4e5s author: Moens, Ugo title: Silencing Viral MicroRNA as a Novel Antiviral Therapy? date: 2009-05-28 words: 9133 flesch: 42 summary: Hence, neutralizing the action of viral miRNAs expression by complementary single-stranded oligonucleotides or so-called anti-miRNAs may represent a strategy to combat viral infections and viral-induced pathogenesis. Human polyomaviruses: molecular mechanisms for transformation and their association with cancers The role of polyomaviruses in human disease Identification of a third human polyomavirus Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma Molecular biology of BK virus and clinical aspects of BK virus renal infection SV40-encoded microRNAs regulate viral gene expression and reduce susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells Evolutionarily conserved function of a viral microRNA Merkel cell polyomavirus encodes a microRNA with the ability to autoregulate viral gene expression MicroRNAs expressed by herpes simplex virus 1 during latent infection regulate viral mRNAs Human cytomegalovirus expresses novel microRNAs during productive viral infection Identification and function of human cytomegalovirus microRNAs Identification of virus-encoded microRNAs A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene Hepadnaviruses HBV-encoded microRNA candidate and its target 25 years of HIV-1 research-progress and perspectives RNA silencing and HIV: a hypothesis for the etiology of the severe combined immunodeficiency induced by the virus HIV-1 nef suppression by virally encoded microRNA Human papillomavirus genotype 31 does not express detectable microRNA levels during latent or productive virus replication Adenoviruses Structure, function and evolution of adenovirus virus-associated RNAs Suppression of RNA interference by adenovirus virus-associated RNA Adenovirus virus-associated RNA is processed to functional interfering RNAs involved in virus production Sequence-specific interference by small RNAs derived from adenovirus VAI RNA The family Herpesviridae: a brief introduction Identification of microRNAs of the herpesvirus family Epstein-Barr virus microRNAs are evolutionarily conserved and differentially expressed Anti-apoptotic function of a microRNA encoded by the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript An acutely and latently expressed herpes simplex virus 2 viral microRNA inhibits expression of ICP34.5, a viral neurovirulence factor Prediction and identification of herpes simplex virus 1-encoded microRNAs Novel less-abundant viral miRNAs encoded by herpes simplex virus 2 latencyassociated transcript and their roles in regulating ICP34.5 and ICP0 mRNAs keywords: amos; cells; ebv; expression; gene; host; hsv-1; human; infection; k12; micrornas; mir; mirna; protein; replication; silencing; target; virus; viruses cache: cord-291063-de7v4e5s.txt plain text: cord-291063-de7v4e5s.txt item: #694 of 1203 id: cord-291113-iizj932l author: Cumbo, Enzo title: Alternative Methods of Sterilization in Dental Practices Against COVID-19 date: 2020-08-08 words: 7444 flesch: 33 summary: This procedure allows people to stay in the room when the device is turned on, because there is no exposure to dangerous radiation, so air sterilization can be done for several hours without any risk. Product = Perfection Pathogen transfer and high variability in pathogen removal by detergent wipes Tables of Ozone Properties Inactivation of Norovirus by ozone gas in conditions relevant to healthcare Air Pollution and Respiratory Viral Infection Ozone gas is an effective and practical antibacterial agent Health effects of ozone: a critical review Ozone as Janus: this controversial gas can be either toxic or medically useful Evaluation of the risk of infection through exposure to aerosols and spatters in dentistry Research progress on correlation between influence factors and disinfection time of ultraviolet ray air disinfection Experiences about air disinfection by negative aeroions A new method for collecting airborne allergens Dynamics of infectious disease transmission by inhalable respiratory droplets Aerosol transmission of influenza A virus: a review of new studies A review of air filtration technologies for sustainable and healthy building ventilation Effectiveness of indoor air cleaning with corona ionizers The effect of air ionization on the air-borne transmission of experimental Newcastle disease virus infections in chickens Ionizing air affects influenza virus infectivity and prevents airborne-transmission keywords: air; dental; ozone; particles; present; radiation; room; sterilization; studies; surfaces; transmission; viruses cache: cord-291113-iizj932l.txt plain text: cord-291113-iizj932l.txt item: #695 of 1203 id: cord-291156-zxg3dsm3 author: Bernasconi, Anna title: Empowering Virus Sequences Research through Conceptual Modeling date: 2020-05-01 words: 4605 flesch: 34 summary: The manuscript is organized as follows: Section 2 overviews current technologies available for virus sequence data management. Many other resources link to viral sequence data, including: drug databases, particularly interesting as they provide information about clinical studies (see ClinicalTrials 10 ), protein sequences databases (e.g., UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot [32] ), and cell lines databases (e.g., Cellosaurus [3] ). keywords: cov2; covid-19; data; database; entity; genomic; information; model; sars; sequence; vcm; virus cache: cord-291156-zxg3dsm3.txt plain text: cord-291156-zxg3dsm3.txt item: #696 of 1203 id: cord-291294-w5ecsht4 author: Foulongne, V. title: Le bocavirus humain (HBoV) date: 2008-03-17 words: 2785 flesch: 52 summary: Cette présence du virus dans les selles pourraient être simplement expliquée par la déglutition de sécrétions nasopahryngées présentant du HBoV. Toutefois, certaines études où les enfants avec des signes respiratoires ont été exclus suggèrent que la présence du HBoV dans les selles soit bien due à la réplication du virus dans les entérocytes Quelques études rapportent également la détection du HBoV dans les selles d'enfants présentant une gastroentérite. keywords: bocavirus; cette; children; dans; des; est; hbov; human; les; une; virus; études cache: cord-291294-w5ecsht4.txt plain text: cord-291294-w5ecsht4.txt item: #697 of 1203 id: cord-291534-c6cjxq07 author: Gwyer Findlay, Emily title: Cationic Host Defence Peptides: Potential as Antiviral Therapeutics date: 2013-05-07 words: 8792 flesch: 33 summary: A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1 subtype) alpha-Defensin inhibits influenza virus replication by cell-mediated mechanism(s) Role of protein kinase C betaII in influenza virus entry via late endosomes Interactions of alpha-, beta-, and theta-defensins with influenza A virus and surfactant protein D Mechanism of adenovirus neutralization by human alpha-defensins Epithelial defensins impair adenoviral infection: implication for adenovirus-mediated gene therapy Human alpha-defensins block papillomavirus infection Human alpha-defensins inhibit BK virus infection by aggregating virions and blocking binding to host cells Insight into the mechanisms of adenovirus capsid disassembly from studies of defensin neutralization Human alpha-defensin 1 (HNP-1) inhibits adenoviral infection in vitro Adenovirus-directed ocular innate immunity: the role of conjunctival defensin-like chemokines (IP-10, I-TAC) and phagocytic human defensin-alpha Critical determinants of human alpha-defensin 5 activity against nonenveloped viruses Direct evidence from single-cell analysis that human {alpha}-defensins block adenovirus uncoating to neutralize infection Enhanced expression of murine beta-defensins (MBD-1, -2,-3, and -4) in upper and lower airway mucosa of influenza virus infected mice Human epithelial beta-defensins 2 and 3 inhibit HIV-1 replication Rhinovirus increases human beta-defensin-2 and -3 mRNA expression in cultured bronchial epithelial cells Human rhinovirus infection induces airway epithelial cell production of human beta-defensin 2 both in vitro and in vivo Role of human beta-defensin-2 during tumor necrosis factor-alpha/NF-kappaB-mediated innate antiviral response against human respiratory syncytial virus Oral human beta-defensin 2 in HIV-infected subjects with long-term use of antiretroviral therapy Human betadefensins suppress human immunodeficiency virus infection: potential role in mucosal protection Cutting edge: human beta defensin 3-a novel antagonist of the HIV-1 coreceptor CXCR4 beta-Defensin genomic copy number is associated with HIV load and immune reconstitution in subsaharan Africans Increased levels of human betadefensins mRNA in sexually HIV-1 exposed but uninfected individuals Modulation of human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), monocytes, and epithelial cells by influenza virus, Herpes simplex virus, and Sendai virus and its possible role in innate immunity Recombinant mouse beta-defensin 2 inhibits infection by influenza A virus by blocking its entry Antiviral activity of recombinant mouse beta-defensin 3 against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo Cytokine (tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, and IL-8) production by respiratory syncytial virus-infected human alveolar macrophages Antiviral activity of human beta-defensin 3 against vaccinia virus Selective killing of vaccinia virus by LL-37: implications for eczema vaccinatum Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis, as compared to psoriasis, skin prevents induction of innate immune response genes A cyclic antimicrobial peptide produced in primate leukocytes by the ligation of two truncated alpha-defensins Retrocyclin: a primate peptide that protects cells from infection by T-and M-tropic strains of HIV-1 Evaluation of a theta-defensin in a murine model of herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis. The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is a multifunctional modulator of innate immune responses The cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and dendritic cellinduced T cell polarization Plasmacytoid dendritic cells sense self-DNA coupled with antimicrobial peptide Antimicrobial protein hCAP18/LL-37 is highly expressed in breast cancer and is a putative growth factor for epithelial cells An angiogenic role for the human peptide antibiotic LL-37/hCAP-18 Secondary necrosis of apoptotic neutrophils induced by the human cathelicidin LL-37 is not proinflammatory to phagocytosing macrophages The human cathelicidin LL-37 preferentially promotes apoptosis of infected airway epithelium Direct inactivation of viruses by human granulocyte defensins Human alpha-and beta-defensins block multiple steps in herpes simplex virus infection Theta defensins protect cells from infection by herpes simplex virus by inhibiting viral adhesion and entry Multivalent binding of carbohydrates by the human alpha-defensin, HD5 Defensins inhibit HIV replication in vitro Contribution of human alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8 antiviral factor Retraction of an interpretation Alpha-defensins in the prevention of HIV transmission among breastfed infants Multifaceted mechanisms of HIV-1 entry inhibition by human alpha-defensin Human neutrophil alpha-defensin 4 inhibits HIV-1 infection in vitro Dual role of alpha-defensin-1 in anti-HIV-1 innate immunity Alphadefensins block the early steps of HIV-1 infection: interference with the binding of gp120 to CD4 Alpha-defensins inhibit HIV infection of macrophages through upregulation of CC-chemokines Contribution of immune activation to the pathogenesis and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection Defensins induce the recruitment of dendritic cells in cervical human papillomavirus-associated (pre)neoplastic lesions formed in vitro and transplanted in vivo Human defensins 5 and 6 enhance HIV-1 infectivity through promoting HIV attachment Antibacterial peptides in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Elevated concentrations of defensins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diffuse panbronchiolitis Production of beta-defensins by human airway epithelia Innate defense against influenza A virus: activity of human neutrophil defensins and interactions of defensins with surfactant protein D Human neutrophil defensins increase neutrophil uptake of influenza A virus and bacteria and modify virus-induced respiratory burst responses Carbohydrate-binding molecules inhibit viral fusion and entry by crosslinking membrane glycoproteins The antigenic structure of the influenza virus keywords: activity; alpha; beta; cells; defensins; effects; expression; hiv; hnp1; host; human; infection; ll-37; peptide; potential; properties; virus cache: cord-291534-c6cjxq07.txt plain text: cord-291534-c6cjxq07.txt item: #698 of 1203 id: cord-291561-sxvgue36 author: Haixu, Liang title: Detection of 20 respiratory viruses and bacteria by influenza-like illness surveillance in Beijing, China, 2016–2018 date: 2019-11-25 words: 10308 flesch: 45 summary: Influenza viruses, other respiratory viruses and bacteria have been detected in patients with ILI (2-4). We found that 20 respiratory pathogens circulated in Beijing, China, and influenza virus, human rhinovirus (hRV) and mycoplasma (MP) were the major pathogens. keywords: 2019; asf; cases; china; disease; eculizumab; fever; fig; gene; getv; infection; influenza; meningococcal; patients; prophylaxis; recombination; sars; spread; strains; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-291561-sxvgue36.txt plain text: cord-291561-sxvgue36.txt item: #699 of 1203 id: cord-291707-dzmvjh7j author: Tupper, G. T. title: Antigenic and biological diversity of feline coronaviruses: feline infectious peritonitis and feline enteritis virus date: 1987 words: 2793 flesch: 53 summary: The molecular weight of virus structural proteins was determined by using molecular weight standards (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). FIPV grows to higher titer, forms larger plaques and switches off host cell protein synthesis more effectively than FECV. keywords: cell; fecv; feline; fipv; percent; strains; virus cache: cord-291707-dzmvjh7j.txt plain text: cord-291707-dzmvjh7j.txt item: #700 of 1203 id: cord-291816-d4j8samu author: Diniz Beduschi Travassos Alves, Christian title: Mamastrovirus 5 detected in a crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous): Expanding wildlife host range of astroviruses date: 2018-08-15 words: 4289 flesch: 39 summary: Astrovirus infections in humans and animals -molecular biology, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmissions Fields Virol RNA sequence of astrovirus: distinctive genomic organization and a putative retrovirus-like ribosomal frameshifting signal that directs the viral replicase synthesis Replication cycle of astroviruses Virus Taxonomy: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses (Ninth Report of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses) Ecological drivers of virus evolution: astrovirus as a case study Detection of diverse astroviruses from bats in China Novel astroviruses in insectivorous bats Characterization of an outbreak of astroviral diarrhea in a group of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) Indication of cross-species transmission of astrovirus associated with encephalitis in sheep and cattle Mamíferos do Brasil Contact rates between wild and domestic canids: no evidence of parvovirus or canine distemper virus in crab-eating foxes Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife-threats to biodiversity and human health Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies viruses isolated from domestic and wild animals of Brazil identifies the hoary fox as a rabies reservoir Rapid and simple method for purification of nucleic acids Phylogenetic diversity of gram-positive bacteria cultured from marine sediments Genomic characterization of two novel polyomaviruses in Brazilian insectivorous bats SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing BLAST: improvements for better sequence analysis FoldIndex©: A simple tool to predict whether a given protein sequence is intrinsically unfolded MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0 Epidemiology of classic and novel human astrovirus: Gastroenteritis and beyond Complete genome sequence of canine astrovirus with molecular and epidemiological characterisation of UK strains Molecular characterisation of calicivirus and astrovirus in puppies with enteritis Phylogenetic analysis of astrovirus and Kobuvirus in Korean dogs Prevalence and risk factors of astrovirus infection in puppies from French breeding kennels Viruses and virus-like particles in the faeces of dogs with and without diarrhoea Detection of canine astrovirus in dogs with diarrhea in Japan Genetic characterization of a new astrovirus detected in dogs suffering from diarrhoea Electron microscopic demonstration of viruses in feces of dogs with diarrhea Astrovirus-like, coronavirus-like, and parvovirus-like particles detected in the diarrheal stools of beagle pups Isolation and characterization of canine astrovirus in China Enteric disease in dogs naturally infected by a novel canine astrovirus Detection of a novel astrovirus in brain tissue of mink suffering from shaking mink syndrome by use of viral metagenomics Neurotropic astrovirus in cattle with nonsuppurative encephalitis in Europe Divergent astrovirus associated with neurologic disease in cattle Astrovirus encephalitis in boy with x-linked agammaglobulinemia Porcine astrovirus type 3 in central nervous system of swine with polioencephalomyelitis A novel astrovirus associated with encephalitis and ganglionitis in domestic sheep Experimental old dog encephalitis (ODE) in a gnotobiotic dog Polypeptides of canine distemper virus strains derived from dogs with chronic neurological diseases Chronic canine distemper virus encephalitis in mature dogs A. a Alfieri, B. a Summers, Molecular detection of Canine distemper virus and the immunohistochemical characterization of the neurologic lesions in naturally occurring old dog encephalitis Astroviruses in dogs The astrovirus capsid: a review Genome analysis of canine astroviruses reveals genetic heterogeneity and suggests possible inter-species transmission Nineteen new species in the genus Mamastrovirus in the Astroviridae family Human astroviruses Evidence for evolution of canine parvovirus type 2 in Italy Differences in the E3 regions of the canine adenovirus type 1 and type 2 Feline coronavirus type II strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 originate from a double recombination between feline coronavirus type I and canine coronavirus Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens Molecular analysis of the N gene of canine distemper virus in dogs in Brazil Detection of canine distemper virus nucleoprotein RNA by reverse transcription-PCR using serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper Supplementary material related to this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2018.08.002. In this study, we report for the first time, the infection of a wild canid with Mamastrovirus 5 (canine astrovirus) in the context of a concurrent infection with canine distemper virus. keywords: astrovirus; bra; canine; cdv; crab; distemper; dogs; fox/2016; genome; mastv5; sequence; species; strain cache: cord-291816-d4j8samu.txt plain text: cord-291816-d4j8samu.txt item: #701 of 1203 id: cord-291860-dw1sfzqx author: van Boheemen, Sander title: Retrospective Validation of a Metagenomic Sequencing Protocol for Combined Detection of RNA and DNA Viruses Using Respiratory Samples from Pediatric Patients date: 2019-12-16 words: 5406 flesch: 35 summary: Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Global and regional burden of hospital admissions for severe acute lower respiratory infections in young children in 2010: a systematic analysis Deaths due to respiratory tract infections in Africa: a review of autopsy studies CDC EPIC Study Team: Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults The common cold Aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in adults in primary care: a prospective study in 11 European countries Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Exploring the potential of next-generation sequencing in detection of respiratory viruses A primer on metagenomics Beer M: Novel orthobunyavirus in cattle Neurobrucellosis: unexpected answer from metagenomic nextgeneration sequencing Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans Protocol for metagenomic virus detection in clinical specimens Application of next generation sequencing for the detection of human viral pathogens in clinical specimens Simultaneous virus identification and characterization of severe unexplained pneumonia cases using a metagenomics sequencing technique Sequence analysis of the human virome in febrile and afebrile children Diagnosis of human metapneumovirus and rhinovirus in patients with respiratory tract infections by an internally controlled multiplex real-time RNA PCR Validation of clinical application of cytomegalovirus plasma DNA load measurement and definition of treatment criteria by analysis of correlation to antigen detection Zincmediated RNA fragmentation allows robust transcript reassembly upon whole transcriptome RNA-Seq Cutadept removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads Centrifuge: rapid and sensitive classification of metagenomic sequences Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation Interactive metagenomic visualization in a Web browser Genome Detective: an automated system for virus identification from high-throughput sequencing data. The amount of internal control reads and target virus reads has been reported to be dependent on the amount of background reads (negative correlation). keywords: database; detection; dna; mngs; pathogens; pcr; protocol; reads; rna; samples; sensitivity; sequencing; viruses cache: cord-291860-dw1sfzqx.txt plain text: cord-291860-dw1sfzqx.txt item: #702 of 1203 id: cord-291946-kq0rsuxj author: Etienne, Lucie title: The Mongoose, the Pheasant, the Pox, and the Retrovirus date: 2013-08-27 words: 2912 flesch: 40 summary: Schneider E, translator Molecular epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsm in U.S. primate centers unravels the origin of SIVmac and SIVstm The epidemiology and iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: A Bayesian coalescent approach The origin of AIDS Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes Paleovirology -Ghosts and gifts of viruses past Genomic fossils calibrate the long-term evolution of hepadnaviruses A transitional endogenous lentivirus from the genome of a basal primate and implications for lentivirus evolution Interclass transmission and phyletic host tracking in murine leukemia virus-related retroviruses Origins of major human infectious diseases Multiple groups of endogenous betaretroviruses in mice, rats, and other mammals Identification of diverse full-length endogenous betaretroviruses in megabats and microbats A novel endogenous betaretrovirus group characterized from polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Retrovirus insertion into herpesviruses Field and vaccine strains of fowlpox virus carry integrated sequences from the avian retrovirus, reticuloen dotheliosis virus The extraordinary evolutionary history of the reticuloendotheliosis viruses Bats are a major natural reservoir for hepaciviruses and pegiviruses Characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T DNA and isolation of a novel variant of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T by molecular cloning Nucleotide sequence of v-rel: The oncogene of reticuloendotheliosis virus Regulated nuclear import of Rel proteins in the Drosophila immune response NF-kappa B, KBF1, dorsal, and related matters Replication of reticuloendotheliosis viruses in cell culture: acute infection Construction of a helper cell line for avian reticuloendotheliosis virus cloning vectors Lower in vivo mutation rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 than that predicted from the fidelity of purified reverse transcriptase Retroviral recombination and reverse transcription We thank Kristopher Azarm, Jesse Bloom, Patrick Mitchell, Cristina Wittkopp, and Janet Young for their comments. key: cord-291946-kq0rsuxj authors: Etienne, Lucie; Emerman, Michael title: The Mongoose, the Pheasant, the Pox, and the Retrovirus date: 2013-08-27 journal: PLoS Biol DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001641 sha: doc_id: 291946 cord_uid: kq0rsuxj Paleovirology is the study of ancient viruses. keywords: host; reticuloendotheliosis; rev; species; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-291946-kq0rsuxj.txt plain text: cord-291946-kq0rsuxj.txt item: #703 of 1203 id: cord-292075-t9z7zqz4 author: Gessain, Antoine title: Mécanismes d’émergence virale et transmission interespèces : l’exemple des rétrovirus Foamy simiens chezl’Homme en Afrique Centrale date: 2013-12-31 words: 2162 flesch: 37 summary: Current topics in microbiology and immunology Molecular ecology and natural history of simian foamy virus infection in wild-living chimpanzees Modes of transmission and genetic diversity of foamy viruses in a Macaca tonkeana colony Two distinct variants of simian foamy virus in naturally infected mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) and cross-species transmission to humans Replication in a superficial epithelial cell niche explains the lack of pathogenicity of primate foamy virus infections Sites of simian foamy virus persistence in naturally infected African green monkeys, latent provirus is ubiquitous, whereas viral replication is restricted to the oral mucosa A. -A new human virus in cultures from a nasopharyngeal carcinoma Simian retroviruses in African apes Historical perspective of foamy virus epidemiology and infection -Markers of foamy virus infections in monkeys, apes, and accidentally infected humans: appropriate testing fails to confirm suspected foamy virus prevalence in humans Simian foamy virus isolated from an accidentally infected human individual Identification of a human population infected with simian foamy viruses -Cross-species retroviral transmission from macaques to human beings Frequent simian foamy virus infection in persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates Simian foamy virus prevalence in Macaca mulatta and zookeepers -Naturally acquired simian retrovirus infections in central African hunters Frequent and recent human acquisition of simian foamy viruses through apes' bites in central Africa Natural simian foamy virus infection in wildcaught gorillas, mandrills and drills from Cameroon and Gabon Detection and molecular characterization of foamy viruses in Central African chimpanzees of the Pan troglodytes troglodytes and Pan troglodytes vellerosus subspecies Cross-species transmission of simian foamy virus to humans in rural Gabon, Central Africa Froment A. -Simian foamy virus transmission from apes to humans, rural Cameroon HTLV-3/4 and simian foamy retroviruses in humans: discovery, epidemiology, cross-species transmission and molecular virology A. -Primate-to-human retroviral transmission in Asia A. -Diverse contexts of zoonotic transmission of simian foamy viruses in Asia Zoonotic simian foamy virus in Bangladesh reflects diverse patterns of transmission and co-infection Temple monkeys and health implications of commensalism Viral latency in blood and saliva of simian foamy virusinfected humans These populations are living nearby the habitats of several monkeys and apes, often naturally infected by different retroviruses including SIV, STLV and simian foamy virus. keywords: des; foamy; humans; les; simian; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-292075-t9z7zqz4.txt plain text: cord-292075-t9z7zqz4.txt item: #704 of 1203 id: cord-292286-ygomb3oi author: Zakaryan, Hovakim title: Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections date: 2017-05-25 words: 6103 flesch: 31 summary: Apigenin inhibits enterovirus 71 replication through suppressing viral IRES activity and modulating cellular JNK pathway Antiherpetic activities of flavonoids against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro Phenolic acids act as signaling molecules in plant-microbe symbioses Identification and evaluation of antihepatitis C virus phytochemicals from Eclipta alba Computational docking study of p7 Ion channel from HCV genotype 3 and genotype 4 and its interaction with natural compounds A flavonoid, luteolin, cripples HIV-1 by abrogation of tat function The effects of plant flavonoids on mammalian cells: implications for inflammation, heart disease, and cancer Evaluation of the antiviral activity of kaempferol and its glycosides against human cytomegalovirus Metabolomics view on gut microbiome modulation by polyphenol-rich foods Baicalin, a metabolite of baicalein with antiviral activity against dengue virus Combined effects of flavonoids and acyclovir against herpesviruses in cell cultures Absorption, excretion and metabolite profiling of methyl-, glucuronyl-, glucosyland sulpho-conjugates of quercetin in human plasma and urine after ingestion of onions Anti-chikungunya activity ofl uteolin and apigenin rich fraction from Cynodon dactylon Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: from chemistry to medicine Differential inhibition of HIV-reverse transcriptase and various DNA and RNA polymerases by somecatechin derivatives Differential inhibitory effects of some catechin derivatives on the activities of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and cellular deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid polymerases Inhibition of the infectivity of influenza virus by tea polyphenols Antiviral activity of baicalin against influenza virus H1N1-pdm09 is due to modulation of NS1-mediated cellular innate immune responses Bioavailability is improved by enzymatic modification of the citrus flavonoid hesperidin in humans: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial silico study on anti-Chikungunya virus activity of hesperetin Anti-Sindbis activity of flavanones hesperetin and naringenin Anti-HIV-1 activity of flavonoid myricetin on HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber in vitro model Plant derived compounds having activity against P388 and L1210 leukemia cells Inhibitors of alphavirus entry and replication identified with a stable Chikungunya replicon cell line and virus-based assays Genistein inhibits the replication of avian leucosis virus subgroup J in DF-1 cells Apigenin restricts FMDV infection and inhibits viral IRES driven translational activity Anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin-loaded microemulsion in the airways allergic inflammatory model in mice Drugs of natural origin Genistein as antiviral drug against HIV ion channel Absorption and metabolism of polyphenols in the gut and impact on health Kaempferol derivatives as antiviral drugs against the 3a channel protein of coronavirus Comparison of the antiviral activity of flavonoids Antiviral activity of flavonoids against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus Computational approach towards exploring potential anti-Chikungunya activity of selectedflavonoids The flavonoid apigenin inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by decreasing mature microRNA122 levels Differential antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the flavonoids biochanin Interestingly, naringin, the glycoside form of naringenin did not have anti-Sindbis virus activity, indicating that the rutinose moiety of this flavanone blocks its antiviral effect. keywords: activity; anti; cells; compounds; effect; egcg; flavonoids; infection; influenza; inhibition; inhibits; kaempferol; quercetin; replication; studies; tea; virus cache: cord-292286-ygomb3oi.txt plain text: cord-292286-ygomb3oi.txt item: #705 of 1203 id: cord-292353-z86rjwle author: Hussein, Islam T.M. title: Recent Advances in Hantavirus Molecular Biology and Disease date: 2011-04-01 words: 13586 flesch: 33 summary: The total size of the RNA genomes ranges from 11,845 nucleotides for HTNV to 12,317 nucleotides for SNV (Hooper and Schmaljohn, 2001; Jonsson et al., 2010; Schmaljohn et al., 1985 Schmaljohn et al., , 1986 . Gott et al., 1997; Schmaljohn et al., 1986 Schmaljohn et al., , 1987 Yamada et al., 1995) . keywords: cells; conserved; disease; et al; fever; genome; glycoproteins; hantaan; hantavirus; hcps; hfrs; host; infection; mechanism; mrna; nucleocapsid; polymerase; protein; pulmonary; rdrp; replication; rna; rodent; segment; syndrome; transcription; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-292353-z86rjwle.txt plain text: cord-292353-z86rjwle.txt item: #706 of 1203 id: cord-292416-3hhi4wps author: Sarid, Ronit title: Investigating an Emerging Virus During a Sudden Pandemic Outbreak date: 2020-07-31 words: 4872 flesch: 35 summary: Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-exonuclease mutant virus replication is revealed by complete genome sequencing Cultivation of viruses from a high proportion of patients with colds A new virus isolated from the human respiratory tract Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia Association between a novel human coronavirus and Kawasaki disease Human coronavirus NL63 is not detected in the respiratory tracts of children with acute Kawasaki disease Kawasaki disease lacks association with human coronavirus NL63 and human bocavirus Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses Update on human rhinovirus and coronavirus infections Human coronavirus infections in Israel: epidemiology, clinical symptoms and summer seasonality of HCoV-HKU1 An outbreak of human coronavirus OC43 infection and serological cross-reactivity with SARS coronavirus Surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Kenya identifies relatives of human coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and their recombination history Molecular characterization of a canine respiratory coronavirus strain detected in Italy Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARScoronavirus 2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target Diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndromerelated coronavirus 2: a narrative review Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease Ribavirin, remdesivir, sofosbuvir, galidesivir, and tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): a molecular docking study SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) targeting: an in silico perspective Coronaviruses -drug discovery and therapeutic options Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection Evaluation of convalescent plasma for Ebola virus disease in Guinea Administration of brincidofovir and convalescent plasma in a patient with Ebola virus disease Feasibility, safety, clinical, and laboratory effects of convalescent plasma therapy for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a study protocol Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma Convalescent plasma transfusion for the treatment of COVID-19: systematic review Our understanding of other viruses, in particular regarding coronaviruses, can provide guidance for understanding and control of the SARS-CoV-2 new outbreak. keywords: coronaviruses; cov-2; disease; hcov; host; human; infection; potential; rna; sars; virus cache: cord-292416-3hhi4wps.txt plain text: cord-292416-3hhi4wps.txt item: #707 of 1203 id: cord-292575-vsswxwdi author: Hammou, Rahma Ait title: Chapter 7 Scientific Advances in the Diagnosis of Emerging and Reemerging Viral Human Pathogens date: 2020-12-31 words: 8502 flesch: 30 summary: These features make miRNAs, in single or in a combination (Peng et al., 2016) , ideally suited as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. The normal state is determined by the collected data and by creating baselines for a given area or community (Wang et al., 2005; Berger et al., 2006) . keywords: detection; diagnosis; disease; et al; human; identification; infection; influenza; laboratory; methods; mirnas; molecular; nucleic; pathogens; pcr; studies; systems; time; virus cache: cord-292575-vsswxwdi.txt plain text: cord-292575-vsswxwdi.txt item: #708 of 1203 id: cord-292643-n6xp5mlz author: Hall, Richard J. title: Evaluation of rapid and simple techniques for the enrichment of viruses prior to metagenomic virus discovery date: 2013-09-13 words: 4829 flesch: 35 summary: The application of virus discovery methods using metagenomics has been considered for routine use in diagnostic and reference laboratories to aid in the diagnosis of human (Svraka et al., 2010) and animal disease (Belak et al., 2013) . This finding supports the use of the 3-step procedure for virus enrichment, and similar 3-step procedures have previously been employed in published virus metagenomic studies (Table 1) . keywords: dna; enrichment; human; methods; pcr; rna; sample; step; treatment; usa; viruses cache: cord-292643-n6xp5mlz.txt plain text: cord-292643-n6xp5mlz.txt item: #709 of 1203 id: cord-292657-gq3965se author: Das, Piyanki title: Decoding the global outbreak of COVID-19: the nature is behind the scene date: 2020-06-22 words: 5035 flesch: 39 summary: Different host body environment acts as the supportive system for the pathogen which creates extreme selective pressure. Now the pangolin theory as intermediate host for the development of the unique receptor binding site (RBD) in the SARS-CoV-2 can be linked with the report of SARS corona virus in dead pangolins from Guangdong wild life resource in China during the period of COVID outbreak in China [34] . keywords: body; environment; evolution; host; host body; human; receptor; sars; virus cache: cord-292657-gq3965se.txt plain text: cord-292657-gq3965se.txt item: #710 of 1203 id: cord-292828-29jbf9ik author: Alsaleh, Asma N title: Nasal swab samples and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in community-based, longitudinal studies of respiratory viruses: the importance of sample integrity and quality control date: 2014-01-09 words: 3920 flesch: 39 summary: Such studies do however have some logistical challenges, particularly concerning respiratory sample collection and transport. The EHV1 component was performed as an extraction and inhibitor control as described previously [24] , while ERV3 was used as a marker to evaluate the quality of nasal swab sample collection [25] . keywords: detection; erv3; human; mould; nasal; samples; study; swab; time; virus cache: cord-292828-29jbf9ik.txt plain text: cord-292828-29jbf9ik.txt item: #711 of 1203 id: cord-292830-gcfx1095 author: Ianevski, Aleksandr title: Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents date: 2018-04-23 words: 5527 flesch: 38 summary: 300 μL PBS was added to each well and the plate was analyzed in the Trophos plate runner HD (Trophos, Roche Group) to count the number of virus infected cells per well, by identifying all individual cells expressing the far-red fluorescent protein Katushka (Islam et al., 2018) . Combating emerging viral threats Anticancer kinase inhibitors impair intracellular viral trafficking and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects Statins in HIV-infected patients: potential beneficial effects and clinical use Use of FDA approved therapeutics with hNTCP metabolic inhibitory properties to impair the HDV lifecycle Broad-spectrum agents for flaviviral infections: dengue, Zika and beyond Inhibition of autophagy limits vertical transmission of Zika virus in pregnant mice Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-beta1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset Clinical Trial Resources Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Curious (old and new) antiviral nucleoside analogues with intriguing therapeutic potential Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years Alisporivir inhibits MERS-and SARS-coronavirus replication in cell culture, but not SARS-coronavirus infection in a mouse model The future of antivirals: broad-spectrum inhibitors Chikungunya disease and chloroquine treatment Chloroquine, an endocytosis blocking agent, inhibits Zika virus infection in different cell models Obatoclax, saliphenylhalamide, and gemcitabine inhibit influenza a virus infection Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Zika virus infection with prolonged maternal viremia and fetal brain abnormalities Infectious disease. keywords: agents; antiviral; cells; compounds; diseases; drugs; et al; fig; human; infection; inhibit; target; virus; viruses; zikv cache: cord-292830-gcfx1095.txt plain text: cord-292830-gcfx1095.txt item: #712 of 1203 id: cord-293097-poh1y6o7 author: V, Antony Aroul Raj title: The contribution of dry indoor built environment on the spread of Coronavirus: Data from various Indian states date: 2020-07-02 words: 3075 flesch: 48 summary: The rationale for such a policy is that virus transmission occurs through direct contact and droplet transmission, and public health professionals believe that using facial masks and gloves is an efficient way in preventing virus spread. Understanding the mechanism of production of dry pockets in various indoor air environments by the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is very essential to take appropriate measures and to reduce the rate of transmission. keywords: air; droplet; environment; humidity; potential; spread; virus cache: cord-293097-poh1y6o7.txt plain text: cord-293097-poh1y6o7.txt item: #713 of 1203 id: cord-293375-qcy56ui7 author: Strauss, Ellen G. title: Identification of the active site residues in the nsP2 proteinase of sindbis virus date: 1992-12-31 words: 5197 flesch: 47 summary: Other proposed papain-like proteinases in RNA viruses include two domains within ORFl a of coronaviruses identified by protein modeling studies (Baker et al., 1991; Lee et al., 1991) and the HC-Pro protein of potyviruses, in which the catalytic Cys and His residues have been identified by mutagenesis (Oh and Carrington, 1989) . Structure of Sindbis virus core protein reveals a chymotrypsln-like serine proteinase and the organization of the vlnon Cleavage-site preferences of Slndbis virus polyproteins containing the nonstructural proteinase: Evidence for temporal regulation of polyproteln processing In VIVO Sindbls virus RNA polymerase is degraded by the N-end rule pathway Sequence of the genome RNA of rubella virus: Evidence for genetic rearrangement during togavirus evolution Genome sequences of a mouse-avirulent and a mouse-virulent strain of Ross River virus Convergence of active site geometries Plant viral protelnases Cysteine proteases of positive strand RNA viruses and chymotrypsln-like serine proteases: A distinct protein superfamily with a common structural fold Putative papain-related thiol proteases of positive-strand RNA viruses keywords: activity; catalytic; nsp2; papain; proteinase; residues; rna; sindbis; site; virus cache: cord-293375-qcy56ui7.txt plain text: cord-293375-qcy56ui7.txt item: #714 of 1203 id: cord-293387-0m1ngob3 author: Wood, A. title: The action of three antiseptics/disinfectants against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses date: 1998-04-30 words: 2918 flesch: 37 summary: Four antiseptic/disinfectant solutions with chloroxylenol, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide/ chlorhexidme and povidone-iodine were also assessed for antiviral effect against human immunodeficiency virus in the presence of whole human blood. Four antiseptic/disinfectant solutions with chloroxylenol, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide/ chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine were also assessed for antiviral effect against human immunodeficiency virus in the presence of whole human blood. keywords: human; virus; water cache: cord-293387-0m1ngob3.txt plain text: cord-293387-0m1ngob3.txt item: #715 of 1203 id: cord-293421-0ksn0fc7 author: Rodriguez, J. M. title: Detection of animal pathogens by using the polymerasechain reaction (PCR) date: 1997-05-31 words: 9107 flesch: 40 summary: Cohen et al., 1993; Way et al., 1993; Booster PCR methods for the genus-specific detection of salmonellas in equine and chicken faeces have been developed (Cohen et al., 1994a, b) with detection possible within 10-12h from the time of submission of samples. keywords: amplification; animals; bovine; cattle; chain; chain reaction; detection; diagnosis; disease; dna; et al; genes; identification; infected; infection; isolates; methods; pcr; polymerase; polymerase chain; reaction; samples; species; strains; technique; use; viral; virus cache: cord-293421-0ksn0fc7.txt plain text: cord-293421-0ksn0fc7.txt item: #716 of 1203 id: cord-293472-d3iwlpsr author: Afilalo, Marc title: Evaluation and Management of Seasonal Influenza in the Emergency Department date: 2012-04-06 words: 9922 flesch: 31 summary: The epidemiology of influenza 1948-1953 Safety and efficacy of nebulized zanamivir in hospitalized patients with serious influenza Efficacy and safety of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in treating acute influenza: a randomized controlled trial Oral oseltamivir treatment of influenza in children Viral shedding in children with influenza virus infections treated with neuraminidase inhibitors Duration of influenza A virus shedding in hospitalized patients and implications for infection control Viral loads and duration of viral shedding in adult patients hospitalized with influenza Prolonged shedding of amantadineresistant influenzae A viruses by immunodeficient patients: detection by polymerase chain reaction-restriction analysis Common emergence of amantadineand rimantadine-resistant influenza A viruses in symptomatic immunocompromised adults Prolonged excretion of amantadine-resistant influenza A virus quasi species after cessation of antiviral therapy in an immunocompromised patient Influenza infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: risk factors, mortality, and the effect of antiviral therapy Prolonged shedding of multidrugresistant influenza A virus in an immunocompromised patient The effects of influenza virus infection on FEV1 in asthmatic children. Public Health Agency of Canada APPENDIX 1: REFERENCES FOR TABLE 4 Manufacturer's product information or product insert Comparison of Binax NOW and Directigen for rapid detection of influenza A and B Evaluation of three immunoassay kits for rapid detection of influenza A and B Comparison of rapid diagnostic techniques for respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus respiratory infections in young children Comparison of a new neuraminidase detection assay with an enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and culture for rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses in nasal wash specimens Application of Directigen FLU-A for the detection of influenza A virus in human and nonhuman specimens Comparison of Directigen FLU-A with viral isolation and direct immunofluorescence for the rapid detection and identification of influenza A virus Comparison of rapid detection methods for influenza A and their value in health care management of institutionalized geriatric patients Evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for detection of influenza A virus Clinical features and rapid viral diagnosis of human disease associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus Evaluation of the Directigen FluA1B test for rapid diagnosis of influenza virus type A and B infections Clinical evaluation of the ZstatFlu-II test: a chemiluminescence rapid diagnostic test for influenza virus Comparison of the Directigen Flu A1B test, the QuickVue Influenza test, and clinical case definition to viral culture and reverse transcription-PCR for rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infection Comparison of lateral-flow immunoassay and enzyme immunoassay with viral culture for rapid detection of influenza virus in nasal wash specimens from children Comparison of the Denka Seiken INFLU A-B Quick and BD Directigen Flu A1B kits with fluorescent-antibody staining and shell vial culture methods for rapid detection of influenza viruses Suboptimal detection of influenza virus in adults by the Directigen Flu A1B enzyme immunoassay and correlation of results with the number of antigen-positive cells detected by cytospin immunofluorescence Comparison of four clinical specimen types for detection of influenza A and B viruses by optical immunoassay (FLU OIA test) and cell culture methods Evaluation of a rapid optical immunoassay for influenza viruses (FLU OIA test) in comparison with cell culture and reverse transcription-PCR Evaluation of Biostar FLU OIA assay for rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses in respiratory specimens Evaluation of an optical immunoassay for the rapid detection of influenza A and B viral antigens A flu optical immunoassay (ThermoBioStar's FLU OIA): a diagnostic tool for improved influenza management Simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses A and B by a nested reverse transcription-PCR: comparison to virus isolation and antigen detection by immunofluorescence and optical immunoassay (FLU OIA) Evaluation of diagnostic tests for influenza in a pediatric practice Evaluation of a rapid test (QuickVue) compared with the shell vial assay for detection of influenza virus clearance after antiviral treatment Influenza virological surveillance in children: the use of the QuickVue rapid diagnostic test QuickVue influenza test for rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses in a pediatric population Clinical evaluation of an immunochromatography test for rapid diagnosis of influenza Evaluation of immunochromatography method for rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses Evaluation of new rapid influenza virus detection kit-QUICK S-INFLU A/B SEIKEN Comparison of a new lateral-flow chromatographic membrane immunoassay to viral culture for rapid detection and differentiation of influenza A and B viruses in respiratory specimens Evaluation of a neuraminidase detection assay for the rapid detection of influenza A and B virus in children New point of care test is highly specific but less sensitive for influenza A and B in children and adults Evaluation of an immunochromatography test using enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection influenza A and B viruses Comparison of three rapid diagnostic kits using immunochromatography for detection of influenza A viruses Evaluation of an immunochromatography test kit for rapid diagnosis of influenza Evaluation of flow-through immunoassay for rapid detection of influenza A and B viruses keywords: care; children; detection; health; hours; illness; infection; influenza; influenza virus; onset; patients; persons; symptoms; test; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-293472-d3iwlpsr.txt plain text: cord-293472-d3iwlpsr.txt item: #717 of 1203 id: cord-293540-45awgabp author: Drancourt, Michel title: Point-of-care testing for community-acquired pneumonia date: 2013-07-23 words: 1698 flesch: 43 summary: However, it should be noted that not all pathogens that can cause community-acquired pneumonia can be detected by POC tests, and molecular tests for Staphylococus aureus have not been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Conformity (CE). These samples can be used for the entire panel of POC tests. keywords: pneumonia; poc; sex; tests; uenza cache: cord-293540-45awgabp.txt plain text: cord-293540-45awgabp.txt item: #718 of 1203 id: cord-293732-rxd1lyi7 author: Manoj, M.G. title: Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas date: 2020-08-01 words: 4182 flesch: 39 summary: Since UV index is much higher in Kerala (>10) in a polluted environment, the elevated levels of ground level ozone produced would further deteriorate air quality by which it infects the lungs to make a supporting platform for virus infection (Gerba et al., 2002; Hijnen et al., 2006; Tseng and Li, 2007) . Will Coronavirus Pandemic Diminish by Summer? Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on coronavirus survival on surfaces Roles of meteorological conditions in COVID-19 transmission on a worldwide scale Short-range airborne route dominates exposure of respiratory infection during close contact Solar ultraviolet radiation effects on biological systems Adsorption and reaction of trace gas-phase organic compounds on atmospheric water film surfaces: A critical review COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution Applied and Theoretical Aspects of Virus Adsorption to Surfaces Comparative inactivation of enteroviruses and adenovirus 2 by UV light Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo)cysts in water: A review Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents Routes of transmission of influenza A H1N1, SARS CoV, and norovirus in air cabin: Comparative analyses Short-range airborne transmission of expiratory droplets between two people, Indoor Air Survival of calicivirus in foods and on surfaces: Experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate for norovirus Variations in surface ozone and NOx at Kannur: a tropical, coastal site in India Association between viral seasonality and meteorological factors Temperature, Humidity and Latitude Analysis to Predict Potential Spread and Seasonality for COVID-19 Transmission Potential of SARS-CoV-2 in Viral Shedding Observed at the University of Nebraska Medical Center The Potential role of Particulate Matter in the Spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: keywords: air; covid-19; et al; humidity; surfaces; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt plain text: cord-293732-rxd1lyi7.txt item: #719 of 1203 id: cord-293975-np9xdag5 author: Barnett, E. M. title: Two neurotropic viruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 and mouse hepatitis virus, spread along different neural pathways from the main olfactory bulb date: 1993-12-31 words: 8291 flesch: 38 summary: MHV-JHM had already infected a larger number of cells in the VTA at day 3 (Fig. 6C ) and the vast majority of infected cells were TH+ (Fig. 7A) . By day 4, the full extent of the VTA was normally infected by MHV-JHM (Fig. 6D) , although a smaller percentage of infected cells were also THf Additionally, MHV-JHMinfected TH+ cells were detected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (A9) and throughout the A8 dopaminergic group on day 4. keywords: cells; cortex; day; hsv-1; infection; inoculation; jhm; mhv; mice; nucleus; olfactory; spread; virus; viruses cache: cord-293975-np9xdag5.txt plain text: cord-293975-np9xdag5.txt item: #720 of 1203 id: cord-294108-uvnh0s9r author: Dube, Taru title: Repurposed Drugs, Molecular Vaccines, Immune‐Modulators, and Nanotherapeutics to Treat and Prevent COVID‐19 Associated with SARS‐CoV‐2, a Deadly Nanovector date: 2020-10-25 words: 13897 flesch: 38 summary: COVID-19 patients seeking intensive care unit (ICU) are particularly older and more likely to carry pre-existing comorbid conditions like hypertension and related heart diseases followed by diabetes. To date, apart from the emergency use approval of the antiviral drug favilavir in China, India, Russia, and parts of the Middle East and the emergency use approval of remdesivir by the US-FDA and Japan in COVID-19 patients, there are no approved therapeutic molecules to treat the COVID-19 pandemic. keywords: care; cells; cov-2; covid-19; covid-19 patients; disease; dose; drug; efficacy; host; human; iii; infection; patients; phase; potential; protein; response; rna; safety; sars; therapeutics; treatment; trial; use; vaccine; virus cache: cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt plain text: cord-294108-uvnh0s9r.txt item: #721 of 1203 id: cord-294125-v2dr4hm0 author: Albert, Manuel title: ISG15, a Small Molecule with Huge Implications: Regulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis date: 2018-11-13 words: 8077 flesch: 28 summary: Dendritic Cells at the Site of Infection Link between the ubiquitin conjugation system and the ISG15 conjugation system: ISG15 conjugation to the UbcH6 ubiquitin E2 enzyme ISG15 inhibits Ebola VP40 VLP budding in an L-domain-dependent manner by blocking Nedd4 ligase activity Identification and characterization of a novel ISG15-ubiquitin mixed chain and its role in regulating protein homeostasis ISG15 governs mitochondrial function in macrophages following vaccinia virus infection ISG15 in antiviral immunity and beyond IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses ISG15 Arg151 and the ISG15-conjugating enzyme UbE1L are important for innate immune control of Sindbis virus Identification of interferon-stimulated gene 15 as an antiviral molecule during Sindbis virus infection in vivo ISG15 is critical in the control of Chikungunya virus infection independent of UbE1L mediated conjugation The level of hepatitis B virus replication is not affected by protein ISG15 modification but is reduced by inhibition of UBP43 (USP18) expression Role of ISG15 protease UBP43 (USP18) in innate immunity to viral infection Reexamination of the role of ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 in the phenotype of UBP43-deficient mice Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment and nonstructural proteins modify the type I interferon response associated with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins and IFN-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) Martinez, I. ISG15 Is Upregulated in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Reduces Virus Growth through Protein ISGylation Innate antiviral response targets HIV-1 release by the induction of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 Zebrafish ISG15 exerts a strong antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses and regulates the interferon response Influenza B virus NS1 protein inhibits conjugation of the interferon (IFN)-induced ubiquitin-like ISG15 protein Vaccinia virus E3 protein prevents the antiviral action of ISG15 Consecutive Inhibition of ISG15 Expression and ISGylation by Cytomegalovirus Regulators Ovarian tumor domain-containing viral proteases evade ubiquitin-and ISG15-dependent innate immune responses A chimeric virus-mouse model system for evaluating the function and inhibition of papain-like proteases of emerging coronaviruses Hepatitis C virus reveals a novel early control in acute immune response The ISG15/USP18 ubiquitin-like pathway (ISGylation system) in hepatitis C virus infection and resistance to interferon therapy Influenza virus non-structural protein NS1: In the following sections, we discuss the antiviral mechanisms mediated by ISGylation of both viral and cellular proteins, with a focus on mitochondrial proteins, as we recently showed that ISG15 modulates essential mitochondrial metabolic processes such as respiration and mitophagy in macrophages, with important implications for innate immune responses [29] . keywords: cell; conjugation; ifn; infection; interferon; isg15; isgylation; mitochondria; proteins; regulation; response; role; signaling; targets; type; ubiquitin; virus cache: cord-294125-v2dr4hm0.txt plain text: cord-294125-v2dr4hm0.txt item: #722 of 1203 id: cord-294312-ju6vuywm author: Rohde, Rodney E. title: Common Myths and Legends of Rabies date: 2019-04-19 words: 4491 flesch: 56 summary: Which type of animals are often more at risk for contracting rabies virus, otherwise known as highrisk animals? Rabies virus is by far the most common lyssavirus infection of humans. keywords: animal; bite; disease; human; rabies; signs; treatment; virus; world; wound cache: cord-294312-ju6vuywm.txt plain text: cord-294312-ju6vuywm.txt item: #723 of 1203 id: cord-294323-mryiqmsw author: Kumar, Binod title: The emerging influenza virus threat: status and new prospects for its therapy and control date: 2018-01-10 words: 8210 flesch: 37 summary: A viruses A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats The nucleoprotein as a possible major factor in determining host specificity of influenza H3N2 viruses Influenza: the once and future pandemic The origin of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus: a continuing enigma Influenza: the mother of all pandemics Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 Spanish influenza pandemic Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes Is the gene pool of influenza viruses in shorebirds and gulls different from that in wild ducks? Dating the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses Detection and isolation of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus in commercial piggery Role of neuraminidase in lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Emerging infections: pandemic influenza Summary report on the Asian influenza epidemic in Japan Public health and medical responses to the 1957-58 influenza pandemic Observations on excess mortality associated with epidemic influenza Understanding original antigenic sin in influenza with a dynamical system Independent variation in nature of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of influenza virus: distinctiveness of hemagglutinin antigen of Hong Kong-68 virus Origin and progress of the 1968-69 Hong Kong influenza epidemic On the origin of the human influenza virus subtypes H2N2 and H3N2 Influenza pandemics of 1918 and 2009: a comparative account Pandemic swine influenza virus (H1N1): a threatening evolution The persistent legacy of the 1918 influenza virus Pandemic influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus: lessons from the past and implications for the future Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) deaths among children-United States Factors associated with death or hospitalization due to pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection in California Global mortality estimates for the 2009 Influenza Pandemic from the GLaMOR project: a modeling study Spatial, temporal, and species variation in prevalence of influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds Tissue tropism and pathology of natural influenza virus infection in black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) Avian Influenza A(H10N7) virus-associated mass deaths among harbor seals Characterization of two influenza A viruses from a pilot whale Influenza virus reservoirs and intermediate hosts: dogs, horses, and new possibilities for influenza virus exposure of humans Equine influenza A(H3N8) virus isolated from Bactrian camel One health, multiple challenges: The inter-species transmission of influenza A virus Preliminary epidemiology of human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus Human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus Novel reassortant avian influenza A(H5N6) viruses in humans Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N8) in domestic poultry and its relationship with migratory birds in South Korea during Avian influenza viruses in mammals Survival of influenza viruses on environmental surfaces Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with influenza, clinical significance, and pathophysiology of human influenza viruses in faecal samples: what do we know Onset and duration of symptoms and timing of disease transmission of 2009 influenza A (H1N1) in an outbreak in Fukuoka Concurrent comparison of epidemiology, clinical presentation and outcome between adult patients suffering from the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus and the seasonal influenza Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and are the leading cause of severe respiratory illness across the world. keywords: avian; drugs; h1n1; h3n2; human; infections; influenza; neuraminidase; novel; pandemic; resistance; strains; vaccines; virus; viruses cache: cord-294323-mryiqmsw.txt plain text: cord-294323-mryiqmsw.txt item: #724 of 1203 id: cord-294478-3ickafd3 author: Kapil, Sanjay title: Diagnostic Investigation of Emerging Viruses of Companion Animals date: 2008-05-22 words: 7330 flesch: 35 summary: Now, these molecular techniques, which are becoming mainstream applications in routine viral diagnoses, are proving their merit in facilitating the diagnosis of emerging animal viruses. Veterinarians are bound to encounter emerging viruses in their practice. keywords: animals; antibodies; antibody; clinical; diagnosis; diseases; dogs; health; laboratory; new; test; testing; veterinary; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-294478-3ickafd3.txt plain text: cord-294478-3ickafd3.txt item: #725 of 1203 id: cord-294544-iutcduix author: Kesson, Alison M. title: Respiratory virus infections date: 2007-09-06 words: 6059 flesch: 35 summary: Respiratory virus infections represent a major public health problem because of their worldwide occurrence, ease of spread in the community and considerable morbidity and mortality. Mortality from respiratory virus infections in healthy individuals in developed countries is rare; however, in less developed countries childhood mortality can be quite high with an estimated 5 million children globally under 5 years dying annually from respiratory virus infections. keywords: cause; cell; children; culture; detection; infection; influenza; rsv; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-294544-iutcduix.txt plain text: cord-294544-iutcduix.txt item: #726 of 1203 id: cord-294568-12eyo13f author: Fernandes-Matano, Larissa title: Prevalence of non-influenza respiratory viruses in acute respiratory infection cases in Mexico date: 2017-05-03 words: 4936 flesch: 41 summary: Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Non-Influenza Respiratory Viruses Anuario de Morbilidad Lineamientos para la Vigilancia de Influenza por Laboratorio Viral coinfection in acute respiratory infection in Mexican children treated by the emergency service: A cross-sectional study The frequency and seasonality of influenza and other respiratory viruses in Tennessee: two influenza seasons of surveillance data Surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in Southern Arizona Prevalence of respiratory virus in symptomatic children in private physician office settings in five communities of the state of Veracruz, Mexico Influenza and other respiratory virus infections in outpatients with medically attended acute respiratory infection during Human rhinovirus and disease severity in children Rhinovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis and its impact on subsequent wheezing or asthma: a comparison of etiologies The role of rhinovirus in asthma exacerbations The ABCs of rhinoviruses, wheezing, and asthma Rhinovirus-induced lower respiratory illness is increased in asthma and related to virus load and Th1/2 cytokine and IL-10 production Pathogenesis of rhinovirus infection Frequency of viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age at a locality of Mexico City Comparative viral frequency in Mexican children under 5 years of age with and without upper respiratory symptoms According to data from the Secretary of Health, approximately 80% of the samples from patients with ARIs that are received for confirmation of influenza virus infection outside of flu season are negative for the different strains of this virus and remain without a defined aetiology. keywords: age; aris; cases; children; human; infections; influenza; prevalence; samples; study; viruses cache: cord-294568-12eyo13f.txt plain text: cord-294568-12eyo13f.txt item: #727 of 1203 id: cord-294585-dl5v9p50 author: Klein, H. G. title: Pathogen‐reduction methods: advantages and limits date: 2009-02-13 words: 4522 flesch: 36 summary: Pathogen-inactivation of components containing red blood cells presents a particularly challenging dilemma. S303 (Helinx), a small molecule designed for pathogeninactivation treatment of red blood cells, is an alkylating agent derived from a quinacrine mustard that belongs to a class of 'frangible anchor linker effectors' (FRALE) compounds. keywords: blood; cells; inactivation; light; pathogen; plasma; platelet; riboflavin; transfusion; treatment; ultraviolet; viruses cache: cord-294585-dl5v9p50.txt plain text: cord-294585-dl5v9p50.txt item: #728 of 1203 id: cord-294812-nnlzwaf1 author: Desforges, Marc title: Neuroinvasive and Neurotropic Human Respiratory Coronaviruses: Potential Neurovirulent Agents in Humans date: 2014-03-12 words: 7103 flesch: 33 summary: The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses New respiratory viral infections Viral infections in immunocompromised patients: what's new with respiratory viruses? Viruses associated with pneumonia in adults Emerging respiratory agents: new viruses for old diseases? Epidemiology of acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children Illuminating viral infections in the nervous system Inflammation in neuroviral diseases Viral encephalitis: familiar infections and emerging pathogens Overview, prevention, and treatment of rabies HSV-induced apoptosis in herpes encephalitis Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses Cell death in HIV dementia Human polyomavirus JCV and expression of myelin genes Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy Molecular mechanisms of measles virus persistence The risk of development of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis among persons infected with HTLV-I Infiltration of the brain by pathogens causes Alzheimer's disease Respiratory syncytial virus epidemics: the ups and downs of a seasonal virus Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in children with seizures from respiratory syncytial virus infection Detection of subgroup B respiratory syncytial virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia Classification of acute encephalopathy in respiratory syncytial virus infection Neurological complications of respiratory syncytial virus infection: case series and review of literature Impaired learning resulting from respiratory syncytial virus infection Blue moon neurovirology: the merits of studying rare CNS diseases of viral origin Human paramyxoviruses and infections of the central nervous system Pathogenesis of Hendra and Nipah virus infection in humans Emerging epidemic viral encephalitides with a special focus on henipaviruses Rapid Nipah virus entry into the central nervous system of hamsters via the olfactory route Influenza virus and CNS infections Pathogenesis of influenza virus infections: the good, the bad and the ugly Clinical features of influenza C virus infection in children Study of influenza C virus infection in France Interspecies transmission, adaptation to humans and pathogenicity of animal influenza viruses Viral parkinsonism Acute encephalopathy and encephalitis caused by influenza virus infection Role of viral infections in the etiology of febrile seizures Influenza-associated central nervous system dysfunction: a literature review Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with influenza A H1N1 infection Influenza A virus infection causes alterations in expression of synaptic regulatory genes combined with changes in cognitive and emotional behaviors in mice Influenza infection induces neuroinflammation, alters hippocampal neuron morphology, and impairs cognition in adult mice Human coronaviruses Viral-induced neurodegenerative disease Coronaviruses in poultry and other birds Coronaviruses as Encephalitisinducing infectious agents. Furthermore, it was shown that in the murine CNS, neurons are the main target of infection, which causes these essential cells to undergo degeneration and eventually die by some form of programmed cell death after virus infection. keywords: acute; associated; cell; cns; coronavirus; disease; hcov; human; infection; oc43; respiratory; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-294812-nnlzwaf1.txt plain text: cord-294812-nnlzwaf1.txt item: #729 of 1203 id: cord-294842-aesiff1f author: Romero-Brey, Inés title: Membranous Replication Factories Induced by Plus-Strand RNA Viruses date: 2014-07-22 words: 11053 flesch: 35 summary: In addition, after multiple rounds of virus replication, tubular structures were also observed in the vicinity of VPs. As discussed earlier [119] , amongst these viruses two main architectures of remodeled membranes (morphotypes) can be found that may reflect two alternative strategies to induce the membranous microenvironments required to allow virus replication (summarized in Table 1 ). keywords: cells; cms; complex; denv; diameter; dmvs; family; formation; hepatitis; infection; membrane; protein; replication; rna; spherules; structures; synthesis; vesicles; virus; viruses cache: cord-294842-aesiff1f.txt plain text: cord-294842-aesiff1f.txt item: #730 of 1203 id: cord-295041-5vpawtef author: Jakhmola, Shweta title: SARS-CoV-2, an Underestimated Pathogen of the Nervous System date: 2020-09-28 words: 5028 flesch: 35 summary: Cochrane Database Syst Rev SARS-CoV-2: recent reports on antiviral therapies based on lopinavir/ritonavir, darunavir/ umifenovir, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir and other drugs for the treatment of the new coronavirus Amantadine disrupts lysosomal gene expression: a hypothesis for COVID19 treatment TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: an emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in humans with Japanese encephalitis COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role? Neuroinflammation during RNA viral infections Inflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes in manganese neurotoxicity Microglia in infectious diseases of the central nervous system Astrocytes maintain glutamate homeostasis in the CNS by controlling the balance between glutamate uptake and release Vitamin D receptor activation regulates microglia polarization and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats and angiotensin IIexposed microglial cells: role of renin-angiotensin system Within the brain: the renin angiotensin system Coronavirus neurovirulence correlates with the ability of the virus to induce proinflammatory cytokine signals from astrocytes and microglia Hematological findings in SARS patients and possible mechanisms (review) Activation of human monocytes after infection by human coronavirus 229E Understanding SARS-CoV-2-Mediated inflammatory responses: from mechanisms to potential therapeutic tools COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: central regulator for cardiovascular function ACE2 in brain physiology and pathophysiology: evidence from transgenic animal models Inhibitory interneurons regulate temporal precision and correlations in cortical circuits Angiotensin II regulation of angiotensin-converting enzymes in spontaneously hypertensive rat primary astrocyte cultures SARS-CoV2 entry and spread in the lymphatic drainage system of the brain Central nervous system involvement by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms Can the enteric nervous system be an alternative entrance door in SARS-CoV2 neuroinvasion? SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection SARS-CoV-2: olfaction, brain infection, and the urgent need for clinical samples allowing earlier virus detection The olfactory bulb: an immunosensory effector organ during neurotropic viral infections Respiratory barrier as a safeguard and regulator of defense against influenza A virus and Single-cell analysis of olfactory neurogenesis and differentiation in adult humans Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV Novel dynamics of human mucociliary differentiation revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing of nasal epithelial cultures Hierarchical deconstruction of mouse olfactory sensory neurons: from whole mucosa to single-cell RNA-seq A multibasic cleavage site in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for infection of human lung cells Furin at the cutting edge: from protein traffic to embryogenesis and disease Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations T helper cell 17 (Th17)-mediated cytokine storm, evident in virus infections, is seen in COVID-19 with neurological manifestations (Fig. 1b) keywords: brain; cells; cns; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; infection; olfactory; patients; sars; studies; system; virus; viruses cache: cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt plain text: cord-295041-5vpawtef.txt item: #731 of 1203 id: cord-295062-8rl4kswe author: Marsh, Mark title: Virus Entry: Open Sesame date: 2006-02-24 words: 8517 flesch: 34 summary: Microbiol Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 spinoculation enhances infection through virus binding Role of lipid rafts in virus replication Ultrastructural localization of gangliosides; GM1 is concentrated in caveolae Lipid rafts and caveolae as portals for endocytosis: new insights and common mechanisms Caveolar endocytosis of simian virus 40 reveals a new two-step vesicular-transport pathway to the ER Local actin polymerization and dynamin recruitment in SV40-induced internalization of caveolae Caveolinstabilized membrane domains as multifunctional transport and sorting devices in endocytic membrane traffic Genome-wide analysis of human kinases in clathrin-and caveolae/raft-mediated endocytosis Echovirus 1 endocytosis into caveosomes requires lipid rafts, dynamin II, and signaling events Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes The neutral glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide promotes fusion mediated by a CD4-dependent CXCR4-utilizing HIV type 1 envelope glycoprotein Adaptable adaptors for coated vesicles Picornavirus-receptor interactions Assembly of endocytic machinery around individual influenza viruses during viral entry Viral RNA replication in association with cellular membranes Lv2, a novel postentry restriction, is mediated by both capsid and envelope Selective stimulation of caveolar endocytosis by glycosphingolipids and cholesterol Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein Interaction with decay-accelerating factor facilitates coxsackievirus B infection of polarized epithelial cells Influenza virus can enter and infect cells in the absence of clathrin-mediated endocytosis Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry Receptor binding and membrane fusion in virus entry: the influenza hemagglutinin How viruses enter animal cells Ganglioside-dependent cell attachment and endocytosis of murine polyomavirus-like particles Vaccinia virus motility Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules mediate association of SV40 with caveolae High-resolution structure of a polyomavirus VP1-oligosaccharide complex: implications for assembly and receptor binding The structure of simian virus 40 refined at 3.1 A resolution Virus maturation: dynamics and mechanism of a stabilizing structural transition that leads to infectivity Structural basis of nonenveloped virus cell entry The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5al-pha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys Assembly and trafficking of caveolar domains in the cell: caveolae as stable, cargo-triggered, vesicular transporters Cellular RNA-editing enzymes can be packaged into virus particles and can introduce mutations in the viral genome during the reverse-transcription event that occurs shortly after virus entry. keywords: cell; clathrin; endocytosis; entry; et al; infection; membrane; particles; pathways; penetration; proteins; receptors; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-295062-8rl4kswe.txt plain text: cord-295062-8rl4kswe.txt item: #732 of 1203 id: cord-295189-bz3gi15h author: Jennings, Lance C. title: Respiratory viruses in airline travellers with influenza symptoms: Results of an airport screening study date: 2015-03-14 words: 3265 flesch: 42 summary: Even though fever and cough were most frequently identified in association with influenza infections, surveillance data were often obtained over long periods with varying levels of influenza virus activity, resulting in a low PPV for these symptoms for influenza virus infection [26] . While, these and previous reports documenting seasonal influenza among air travelers [2, [9] [10] [11] have focused primarily on the in-flight transmission of influenza, clearly air travellers are responsible for the introduction of influenza viruses into countries on an ongoing basis keywords: infection; influenza; study; symptoms; travellers; virus; viruses cache: cord-295189-bz3gi15h.txt plain text: cord-295189-bz3gi15h.txt item: #733 of 1203 id: cord-295191-xu26mvc3 author: Avirutnan, Panisadee title: Complement and its role in protection and pathogenesis of flavivirus infections date: 2008-12-30 words: 6127 flesch: 23 summary: lymphocyte responses to foreign and self-antigens by the CD19/CD21 complex Identification of a 145,000 Mr membrane protein as the C3d receptor (CR2) of human B lymphocytes Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte-containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19 C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity Enhancement of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope by using the molecular adjuvant C3d C3d enhancement of antibodies to hemagglutinin accelerates protection against influenza virus challenge Fusion to C3d enhances the immunogenicity of the E2 glycoprotein of type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus Disruption of the Cr2 locus results in a reduction in B-1a cells and in an impaired B cell response to T-dependent antigen Antibody response to a T-dependent antigen requires B cell expression of complement receptors Regulation of the B cell response to T-dependent antigens by classical pathway complement Markedly impaired humoral immune response in mice deficient in complement receptors 1 and 2 B lymphocyte memory: role of stromal cell complement and FcgammaRIIB receptors Dependence of germinal center B cells on expression of CD21/CD35 for survival Impaired affinity maturation in Cr2−/− mice is rescued by adjuvants without improvement in germinal center development Identification of the membrane glycoprotein that is the C3b receptor of the human erythrocyte, polymorphonuclear leukocyte, B lymphocyte, and monocyte Complement receptor 1/CD35 is a receptor for mannan-binding lectin Complement receptor type 1 (CR1 CD35) is a receptor for C1q Expression of C3b receptors on human be cells and myelomonocytic cells but not natural killer cells Both Kupffer cells and liver endothelial cells play an important role in the clearance of IgA and IgG immune complexes Clearance of antidouble-stranded DNA antibodies: the natural immune complex clearance mechanism Their use in a distribution study showing that mouse erythrocytes and platelets are CR1-negative The murine complement receptor gene family. Evidence for a single gene model of mouse complement receptors 1 and 2 Humoral immune responses in Cr2−/− mice: enhanced affinity maturation but impaired antibody persistence Complement component C3 promotes T-cell priming and lung migration to control acute influenza virus infection Complement component 3 is required for optimal expansion of CD8 T cells during a systemic viral infection Expression of complement receptors 1 and 2 on follicular dendritic cells is necessary for the generation of a strong antigen-specific IgG response Evidence for an important interaction between a complement-derived CD21 ligand on follicular dendritic cells and CD21 on B cells in the initiation of IgG responses Local synthesis of complement component C3 regulates acute renal transplant rejection Natural antibodies and complement are endogenous adjuvants for vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses C3b covalently associated to tetanus toxin modulates TT processing and presentation by U937 cells Covalent binding of C3b to tetanus toxin: influence on uptake/internalization of antigen by antigen-specific and non-specific B cells Antigen-bound C3b and C4b enhance antigenpresenting cell function in activation of human T-cell clones Modulation of antigen processing and presentation by covalently linked complement C3b fragment B cell receptors and complement receptors target the antigen to distinct intracellular compartments Complement C3b fragment covalently linked to tetanus toxin increases lysosomal sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable HLA-DR dimer production C3b complexation diversifies naturally processed T cell epitopes Maturation of dendritic cells abrogates C1q production in vivo and in vitro Complement protein C1q induces maturation of human dendritic cells Immune modulation of human dendritic cells by complement T cell-dependent immune response in C1q-deficient mice: defective interferon gamma production by antigen-specific T cells Immune complex processing in C1q-deficient mice A novel role of complement factor C1q in augmenting the presentation of antigen captured in immune complexes to CD8+ T lymphocytes Cross-presentation, dendritic cell subsets, and the generation of immunity to cellular antigens Antigen-antibody immune complexes empower dendritic cells to efficiently prime specific CD8+ CTL responses in vivo Immune complex-loaded dendritic cells are superior to soluble immune complexes as antitumor vaccine Protective immune responses against West Nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways Complement contributes to protective immunity against reinfection by Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi parasites HIV and human complement: inefficient virolysis and effective adherence Viral mimicry of the complement system Role of complement in immune regulation and its exploitation by virus Virus complement evasion strategies Complement evasion by human pathogens Cutting edge: productive HIV-1 infection of dendritic cells via complement receptor type 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) keywords: activation; antibody; antigen; c3b; cells; complement; dengue; factor; human; infection; ns1; protein; receptor; role; type; virus cache: cord-295191-xu26mvc3.txt plain text: cord-295191-xu26mvc3.txt item: #734 of 1203 id: cord-295433-olmein3q author: Banerjee, Arinjay title: Bats and Coronaviruses date: 2019-01-09 words: 5661 flesch: 47 summary: Unlike the amount of information available from studies of other bat viruses such as Nipah, Hendra, Ebola, and Marburg viruses, we know very little, if anything about how coronaviruses are transmitted directly to humans or if direct human transmission does not occur and spillover via an intermediate host is required. Bats are known to harbor a wide range of viruses including many that are highly pathogenic in humans. This pulse of virus positive bats correlates with an increased incidence of human spillover events [68] . keywords: bats; cells; coronavirus; cov; human; mers; sars; species; studies; study; syndrome; virus; viruses cache: cord-295433-olmein3q.txt plain text: cord-295433-olmein3q.txt item: #735 of 1203 id: cord-295445-f4p00yaw author: Wang, Hao title: Differential removal of human pathogenic viruses from sewage by conventional and ozone treatments date: 2018-02-01 words: 6892 flesch: 40 summary: Water Sa Evaluation of positively charged alumina nanofibre cartridge filters for the primary concentration of noroviruses, adenoviruses and male-specific coliphages from seawater Diarrhea and enteric emerging viruses in HIVinfected patients Detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis A virus and norovirus outbreaks Diversity of environmental single-stranded DNA phages revealed by PCR amplification of the partial major capsid protein New method using a positively charged microporous filter and ultrafiltration for concentration of viruses from tap water Mechanism of ozone inactivation of bacteriophage f2 Application of ozone for enhancing the microbiological safety and quality of foods: a review Disinfection of wastewater with peracetic acid: a review Environmental persistence and transfer of enteric viruses Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses detected in raw sewages Previously unknown evolutionary groups dominate the ssDNA gokushoviruses in oxic and anoxic waters of a coastal marine environment Quantitative RT-PCR for the enumeration of noroviruses (Norwalk-like viruses) in water and sewage Profile and fate of bacterial pathogens in sewage treatment plants revealed by high-Throughput metagenomic approach Presence of noroviruses and other enteric viruses in sewage and surface waters in The Netherlands Pathogenic enteric viruses and microbial indicators during secondary treatment of municipal wastewater Tracing of norovirus outbreak strains in mussels collected near sewage effluents Diversity of viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Disinfection and oxidation of sewage effluent water using ozone and UV technologies Removal of viruses, parasitic protozoa and microbial indicators in conventional and membrane processes in a wastewater pilot plant Removal of noro-and enteroviruses, Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and fecal indicators at four secondary wastewater treatment plants in Sweden Removal of noro-and enteroviruses Giardia cysts, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and fecal indicators at four secondary wastewater treatment plants in Sweden Visualizing phylogenetic trees using TreeView Effect of disinfection of drinking-Water with ozone or chlorine dioxide on survival of cryptosporidium-parvum oocysts Acute diarrhea in West African children: diverse enteric viruses and a novel parvovirus genus The fecal virome of South and Central American children with diarrhea includes small circular DNA viral genomes of unknown origin Wastewater disinfection with ozone -process control and operating results Uses of Ozone in Drinking Water Treatment Standard and new faecal indicators and pathogens in sewage treatment plants, microbiological parameters for improving the control of reclaimed water Reproducible (1)H NMRbased metabolomic responses in fish exposed to different sewage effluents in two separate studies Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades Tyrrell et al., 1995) , but knowledge regarding its effect for reducing human enteric viruses is relatively scarce. keywords: adenovirus; et al; human; min; ozone; pcr; samples; sewage; treatment; viruses; wastewater; water cache: cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt plain text: cord-295445-f4p00yaw.txt item: #736 of 1203 id: cord-295531-zojb3cew author: Huggett, Kathryn D. title: Influenza A date: 2008-01-10 words: 2096 flesch: 45 summary: Detailed information on influenza viruses can be located at: http://www3.accessmedicine. com/content.aspx?aID=74879&searchStr=influenza+a+virus#74879 Overview of the WHO Global Influenza Programme Haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody to influenza virus Antiviral therapy for influenza: a clinical and economic comparative review Population-wide benefits of routine vaccination of children against influenza Strategies for use of a limited influenza vaccine supply Effect of intranasal administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota on influenza virus infection of upper respiratory tract in mice Antigenic drift and variability of influenza viruses In vitro and in vivo assay systems for study of influenza virus inhibitors The terminology for influenza viruses is directly related to the type of virus, the origin or place it was first located, and the year of its discovery. keywords: day; influenza; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-295531-zojb3cew.txt plain text: cord-295531-zojb3cew.txt item: #737 of 1203 id: cord-295640-mhfu0e9r author: Wang, Wenling title: Improving Cross-Protection against Influenza Virus Using Recombinant Vaccinia Vaccine Expressing NP and M2 Ectodomain Tandem Repeats date: 2019-06-25 words: 4812 flesch: 41 summary: Hence, there is an urgent need to develop universal vaccines against influenza virus. M2e specific antibody may play a protective role by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), although it could not neutralize influenza virus (Kim et al. 2017; Lee et al. 2015) . keywords: fusion; influenza; m2e; mice; rvj; vaccinia; virus; viruses cache: cord-295640-mhfu0e9r.txt plain text: cord-295640-mhfu0e9r.txt item: #738 of 1203 id: cord-295792-hajvtzj9 author: Álvez, Fernando title: SARS-CoV2 coronavirus: So far polite with children. Debatable immunological and non-immunological evidence date: 2020-07-03 words: 4508 flesch: 37 summary: Children are especially prone to many viral infections, with a high burden of respiratory viruses in the upper respiratory tract (URT) mostly (approximately 90%) in infants and toddlers, and with a prominent participation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinoviruses (RVs) (27) . Furthermore, this enzyme also plays an important role in the immune response, especially in inflammation, and is involved in the defensive mechanisms of the lung -protecting it from severe injury induced by respiratory viruses (11, 18) . keywords: adults; children; cov2; disease; infection; respiratory; response; sars; virus cache: cord-295792-hajvtzj9.txt plain text: cord-295792-hajvtzj9.txt item: #739 of 1203 id: cord-295873-kykyubdq author: Morikawa, Saeko title: Seasonal variations of respiratory viruses and etiology of human rhinovirus infection in children date: 2015-10-22 words: 2890 flesch: 44 summary: Review on long-term outcome until adulthood after early childhood wheezing Seasonal variations of 15 respiratory agents illustrated by the application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, Scand Clinical impact of RT-PCR for pediatric acute respiratory infections: a controlled clinical trial Viral etiology of respiratory infections in children in southwestern Saudi Arabia using multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Ten years' experience with year-round active surveillance of up to 19 respiratory pathogens in children High incidence but low burden of coronaviruses and preferential associations between respiratory viruses Human coronavirus in young children hospitalized for acute respiratory illness and asymptomatic controls Detection of respiratory viruses in gargle specimens of healthy children Molecular diagnosis of human enteroviruses by phylogeny-based classification by use of the VP4 sequence The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species A, B and C into genotypically assigned types Prospective genotyping of human rhinoviruses in children and adults during the winter of Molecular epidemiology of human rhinovirus C in patients with acute respiratory tract infections in Osaka City Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species C into genotypically assigned types Picornaviridae study group Comparison of real-time PCR assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children Epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in patients under two years old who required admission because of lower respiratory disease Phylogenetic analysis reveals the global migration of seasonal influenza A viruses Do rhinoviruses reduce the probability of viral co-detection during acute respiratory tract infections? key: cord-295873-kykyubdq authors: Morikawa, Saeko; Kohdera, Urara; Hosaka, Taisuke; Ishii, Kousuke; Akagawa, Shohei; Hiroi, Satoshi; Kase, Tetsuo title: Seasonal variations of respiratory viruses and etiology of human rhinovirus infection in children date: 2015-10-22 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.10.001 sha: doc_id: 295873 cord_uid: kykyubdq BACKGROUND: Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method it is possible to detect uncultivable viruses and discover multiple viral infections. keywords: children; infections; pcr; rhinovirus; samples; viruses cache: cord-295873-kykyubdq.txt plain text: cord-295873-kykyubdq.txt item: #740 of 1203 id: cord-296309-i1mpov7k author: Houldcroft, Charlotte J. title: Clinical and biological insights from viral genome sequencing date: 2017-01-16 words: 9059 flesch: 23 summary: The concentration of virus particles (see the Zika virus example above 72 ), depletion of host material and/or sequencing to high read depth can increase the amount of virus sequence, but all of these methods add to the cost. This is particularly relevant for rapid responses to emerging threats, such as Zika virus 81 . keywords: dna; drug; enrichment; example; genome; hiv; methods; pcr; resistance; rna; sequence; sequencing; target; variants; virus; viruses; wgs; zika cache: cord-296309-i1mpov7k.txt plain text: cord-296309-i1mpov7k.txt item: #741 of 1203 id: cord-296635-8r3tm966 author: Breed, Andrew C. title: Evidence of Endemic Hendra Virus Infection in Flying-Foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus)—Implications for Disease Risk Management date: 2011-12-14 words: 4577 flesch: 43 summary: Vector Borne Zoonotic Diseases The ecology of Hendra virus and Australian bat lyssavirus Reproduction and nutritional stress are risk factors for Hendra virus infection in little red flying foxes (Pteropus scapulatus) Experimental Hendra virus infection in pregnant guinea-pigs and fruit bats (Pteropus poliocephalus) Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus Fenner's Veterinary Virology Landscape-scale redistribution of a highly mobile threatened species, Pteropus conspicillatus (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae), in response to Tropical Cyclone Larry Volant viruses: a concern to bats, humans and other animals Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Zaire ebolavirus Antibody Prevalence in the Possible Reservoir Bat Species Amplification of emerging viruses in a bat colony Ecology of rabies virus exposure in colonies of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) at natural and man-made roosts in Texas Flying foxes: fruit and blossom bats of Australia Latitudinal range shifts in Australian flying-foxes: A re-evaluation Evidence for Nipah virus recrudescence and serological patterns of captive Pteropus vampyrus Fatal encephalitis due to novel paramyxovirus transmitted from horses Relapsed and late-onset Nipah encephalitis Dietary variation in spectacled flying foxes (Pteropus conspicillatus) of the Australian Wet Tropics Field anaesthesia of three Australian species of flying fox Some aspects of female reproduction in the greyheaded flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) Laboratory diagnosis of Nipah and Hendra virus infections Hendra and Nipah virus diseases. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028816.g003 The natural history of Hendra and Nipah viruses Nipah virus: impact, origins, and causes of emergence Evidence of henipavirus infection in West African fruit bats Henipavirus RNA in African bats Epidemiological perspectives on Hendra virus infection in horses and flying foxes Hendra virus outbreak with novel clinical features Queensland Government, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries Hendra virus infection in a veterinarian Human Hendra virus encephalitis associated with equine outbreak Nipah virus: keywords: bats; females; flying; hendra; hev; infection; lactation; seroprevalence; transmission; virus cache: cord-296635-8r3tm966.txt plain text: cord-296635-8r3tm966.txt item: #742 of 1203 id: cord-296819-gztmidn2 author: Sambri, Vittorio title: Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Human Infections: Overview and Proposal of Diagnostic Protocols Considering the Results of External Quality Assessment Studies date: 2013-09-25 words: 6733 flesch: 36 summary: West nile virus: Characteristics of an african virus adapting to the third millennium world West Nile virus West Nile virus: Immunity and pathogenesis West nile virus (Kunjin subtype) disease in the northern territory of Australia-A case of encephalitis and review of all reported cases Human case of autochthonous West Nile virus lineage 2 infection in Italy West Nile virus lineage 2 from blood donor Detection of West Nile virus lineage 2 in mosquitoes during a human outbreak in Greece Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans Novel flavivirus or new lineage of West Nile virus, central Nile virus isolates from India: evidence for a distinct genetic lineage Putative new lineage of west nile virus Rebel-Bauder, B.; Nowotny, N. Emergence of Usutu virus, an African mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group West Nile virus: Dengue virus infection in a traveller returning from Croatia to Germany Isolation of usutu virus in Germany Simultaneous detection and quantitation of Chikungunya, dengue and West Nile viruses by multiplex RT-PCR assays and dengue virus typing using high resolution melting Fast duplex one-step reverse transcriptase PCR for rapid differential detection of West Nile and Japanese encephalitis viruses Detection of West Nile virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissues by RT-PCR: a useful adjunct to conventional tissue-based diagnostic methods Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in naturally occuring West Nile virus infection in horses Detection of West Nile Virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry keywords: detection; diagnosis; encephalitis; human; igm; infection; methods; nile; nile virus; pcr; virus; west; west nile; wnv cache: cord-296819-gztmidn2.txt plain text: cord-296819-gztmidn2.txt item: #743 of 1203 id: cord-296935-y77c4ro4 author: Couch, Robert B. title: Prior Infections With Seasonal Influenza A/H1N1 Virus Reduced the Illness Severity and Epidemic Intensity of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Healthy Adults date: 2011-11-10 words: 3998 flesch: 43 summary: Comparison of influenza and rhinovirus illnesses indicated that presentation with fever and prominent myalgias increased the likelihood that influenza virus infection induced the illness, while prominence of rhinorrhea increased the likelihood of a rhinovirus infection. A virus induce crossprotective immunity against A(H1N1) pandemic influenza virus in a ferret model Protective efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccination against seasonal and pandemic influenza virus infection during 2009 in Hong Kong The epidemiology of influenza Epidemiological and clinical aspects of influenza Epidemiology of the Hong Kong/68 variant of influenza A2 in Britain Morbidity and mortality characteristics of Asian strain influenza Hong Kong influenza: the epidemiologic features of a high school family study analyzed and compared with a similar study during the 1957 Asian influenza epidemic Outbreak of influenza A/USSR/77 at Marquette University Communitywide surveillance of influenza after outbreaks due to H3N2 (A/Victoria/75 and A/Texas/77) and H1N1 (A/USSR/77) influenza viruses Session V. Summary of clinical studies. keywords: antibody; h1n1; illness; infections; influenza; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-296935-y77c4ro4.txt plain text: cord-296935-y77c4ro4.txt item: #744 of 1203 id: cord-297131-3a9vjpvn author: Charlton Hume, Hayley K. title: Synthetic biology for bioengineering virus‐like particle vaccines date: 2018-12-31 words: 6842 flesch: 12 summary: The authors acknowledge the support from Australian Research Sensitivity of immune response quality to influenza helix 190 antigen structure displayed on a modular viruslike particle AntigenDB: An immunoinformatics database of pathogen antigens Expression and purification of virus-like particles for vaccination Chimeric hepatitis B core antigen virus-like particles displaying the envelope domain III of dengue virus type 2 Virus-like particles displaying envelope domain III of dengue virus type 2 induce virus-specific antibody response in mice Designing the next generation of vaccines for global public health GAVI and the vaccine Fund-A boon for immunization in the developing world The use of genomics in microbial vaccine development Plant-produced hepatitis B core protein chimera carrying anthrax protective antigen domain-4 Rotavirus-like particles primary recovery from insect cells in aqueous two-phase systems Progress towards a universal influenza vaccine Efficient induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses by virus-like particles administered intranasally: Implications for vaccine design High-throughput process development for biopharmaceutical drug substances Immune regulation: Immune cell social networks The global threat of Zika virus to pregnancy: Epidemiology, clinical perspectives, mechanisms, and impact A chimaeric plant virus vaccine protects mice against a bacterial infection Plug-and-display: Decoration of virus-like particles via isopeptide bonds for modular immunization Escherichia colibased cell-free synthesis of virus-like particles A monolith purification process for virus-like particles from yeast homogenate A DNA inducing VLP vaccine designed for HIV and tested in mice Design and characterization of a computationally optimized broadly reactive hemagglutinin vaccine for H1N1 influenza viruses Purification of influenza virus-like particles using sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers Bioorthogonal strategy for bioprocessing of specific-site-functionalized enveloped influenzavirus-like particles U R E 2 Application of synthetic biology to VLP vaccine platforms. keywords: antigens; biology; cell; design; development; epitopes; et al; immunogenicity; influenza; particles; platform; production; protein; system; vaccine; virus; vlp; vlps cache: cord-297131-3a9vjpvn.txt plain text: cord-297131-3a9vjpvn.txt item: #745 of 1203 id: cord-297203-f3f31h4r author: Afrough, B. title: Emerging viruses and current strategies for vaccine intervention date: 2019-04-16 words: 5915 flesch: 30 summary: The ease of direct manipulation of viral genomes together with a growing understanding of their biology has led to the development of attenuated virus vaccines with increased safety and immunogenicity. For live attenuated RNA virus vaccines which incorporate error-prone polymerases, reversion to virulence is a distinct possibility after multiple rounds of replication. keywords: approach; development; disease; dna; fever; human; pathogens; replication; safety; vaccination; vaccines; vectors; virus; viruses cache: cord-297203-f3f31h4r.txt plain text: cord-297203-f3f31h4r.txt item: #746 of 1203 id: cord-297339-et2305rz author: Lauber, Chris title: Genetics-Based Classification of Filoviruses Calls for Expanded Sampling of Genomic Sequences date: 2012-08-31 words: 4482 flesch: 40 summary: They include the prediction of known and currently unknown genetic diversity in the family and the proposed genetic separation of members of virus species [2] . In this framework, researchers increasingly explore the usability of genetic sequences for virus classification. keywords: classification; clusters; demarc; family; ped; species; threshold; virus; viruses cache: cord-297339-et2305rz.txt plain text: cord-297339-et2305rz.txt item: #747 of 1203 id: cord-297494-6yxmaihl author: Katsurada, Naoko title: The impact of virus infections on pneumonia mortality is complex in adults: a prospective multicentre observational study date: 2017-12-06 words: 4343 flesch: 37 summary: This multicentre prospective study enrolled pneumonia patients aged ≥15 years from September 2011 to August 2014. Studies have shown that viral infection is common in pneumonia patients keywords: comorbidities; disease; influenza; mortality; patients; pneumonia; study; viruses cache: cord-297494-6yxmaihl.txt plain text: cord-297494-6yxmaihl.txt item: #748 of 1203 id: cord-297662-slmlhqnb author: Yap, Sally S. L. title: Dengue Virus Glycosylation: What Do We Know? date: 2017-07-25 words: 11150 flesch: 36 summary: Finally, N153 deglycosylated (N153 − ) DENV mutant displayed reduced infectivity (10-fold lower) in both mammalian and mosquito cells compared to WT, possibly due to impaired virus entry process (Lee et al., 1997; Hacker et al., 2009) , whereby loss of the N153-glycan affected the conformational stability of E proteins and led to premature exposure of the fusion peptide (Yoshii et al., 2013) . Instead, loss of the N67glycosylation site through site directed mutagenesis (N67Q) in E protein was sufficient to render DENV2 (strain 16681) growth defective in BHK-21 cells, a DC-SIGN(−) cell line (Bryant et al., 2007) . keywords: binding; cells; complex; dengue; denv; et al; fusion; glycans; glycoproteins; glycosylation; host; infection; lectin; mammalian; mannose; membrane; mosquito; ns1; protein; site; structure; type; virion; virus; viruses cache: cord-297662-slmlhqnb.txt plain text: cord-297662-slmlhqnb.txt item: #749 of 1203 id: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5 author: Mandl, Judith N. title: Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance date: 2018-09-20 words: 9488 flesch: 28 summary: Given the diversity of the Chiroptera order (Figure 1) , we may simply see more bat viruses because there are so many (>1,300) species of bats (31) . Fewer studies have examined the adaptive immune system than those probing innate immune pathways, but experimental infections with bat borne viruses have demonstrated that bats generate low or absent antibody responses which often wane rapidly. keywords: aegyptiacus; alecto; bats; cell; dna; evidence; genes; host; humans; ifn; infection; reservoir; responses; rna; species; studies; virus; viruses cache: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5.txt plain text: cord-297790-tpjxt0w5.txt item: #750 of 1203 id: cord-297834-me1ajoyb author: Schountz, Tony title: Hantavirus Immunology of Rodent Reservoirs: Current Status and Future Directions date: 2014-03-14 words: 6426 flesch: 33 summary: In addition, antigen presenting cells isolated from Norway rats and infected with SEOV in vitro were resistant to stimulation, suggesting that virus infection inhibits the normal signaling activities of these cells [85] . Kinetics of immune responses in deer mice experimentally infected with Sin Nombre virus Experimental infection with Puumala virus, the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) Intraspecific transmission of Hantaan virus, etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever, in the rodent Apodemus agrarius Modes of Seoul virus infections: Persistency in newborn rats and transiency in adult rats High levels of cytokine-producing cells in the lung tissues of patients with fatal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome The pathogenesis of nephropathia epidemica: New knowledge and unanswered questions Seoul virus enhances regulatory and reduces proinflammatory responses in male Norway rats Regulatory T cells enhance persistence of the zoonotic pathogen Seoul virus in its reservoir host Seoul virus-infected rat lung endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages differ in their ability to support virus replication and induce regulatory T cell phenotypes A lethal disease model for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome Maporal viral infection in the Syrian golden hamster: A model of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome The delicate pygmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys delicatus) is the principal host of Maporal virus (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus). keywords: antibodies; cells; deer; disease; expression; hantavirus; host; immune; infection; mice; reservoir; response; rodent; species; virus cache: cord-297834-me1ajoyb.txt plain text: cord-297834-me1ajoyb.txt item: #751 of 1203 id: cord-297960-4x1j0iqg author: Bösl, Korbinian title: Common Nodes of Virus–Host Interaction Revealed Through an Integrated Network Analysis date: 2019-10-04 words: 5491 flesch: 37 summary: Given that the viral proteins were interacting with a large number of host proteins, we analyzed the sub-cellular location of the host proteins. We binned the localization into 11 compartments and estimated the percent of host proteins in a given compartment as compared to the total number of host proteins targeted by a given FIGURE 3 | Clusters of hvPPI involved in core cellular processes. keywords: analysis; drug; evasion; figure; host; human; hvppi; network; novel; protein; targets; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-297960-4x1j0iqg.txt plain text: cord-297960-4x1j0iqg.txt item: #752 of 1203 id: cord-298019-gf2asni1 author: Galdiero, Stefania title: gH625: A milestone in understanding the many roles of membranotropic peptides date: 2014-10-12 words: 8593 flesch: 31 summary: Selfoligomerization of membrane embedded fusion peptides has been proposed to be responsible of inhibition [52, 53] . The preference of tryptophan for membrane interfaces Use of hydrophobic moment plot methodology to aid the identification of oblique orientated α-helices Antimicrobial peptides and viral fusion peptides: how different they are? Antimicrobial peptides: promising compounds against pathogenic microorganisms Membrane fusion and fission: enveloped viruses Recent progress of cellpenetrating peptides as new carriers for intracellular cargo delivery Mechanism of membrane fusion by viral envelope proteins Viral membrane fusion Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution Retrovirus envelope domain at 1.7 angstrom resolution Crystal structure of the Ebola virus membrane fusion subunit, GP2, from the envelope glycoprotein ectodomain Structure of the parainfluenza virus 5 F protein in its metastable, prefusion conformation Structural basis for coronavirus-mediated membrane fusion. keywords: brain; cell; delivery; entry; fusion; fusion peptide; gh625; herpes; hydrophobic; membrane; membrane fusion; membranotropic; peptides; proteins; simplex; structure; virus cache: cord-298019-gf2asni1.txt plain text: cord-298019-gf2asni1.txt item: #753 of 1203 id: cord-298032-3zlu8g8y author: Nan, Yuchen title: Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers as Novel Antiviral Compounds date: 2018-04-20 words: 10600 flesch: 36 summary: For HSV-1, ICP0 and ICP27 were selected as virus PPMO targets. Thus, both peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) and non-conjugated PMOs have been tested against Ebola virus infection in cultured cells and animal models. keywords: antisense; cells; et al; genome; infection; inhibition; mice; morpholino; mrna; oligomers; peptide; pmo; ppmo; replication; rna; sequence; targeting; translation; treatment; viral; virus; viruses; vivo cache: cord-298032-3zlu8g8y.txt plain text: cord-298032-3zlu8g8y.txt item: #754 of 1203 id: cord-298033-kzdp9edn author: Domingo, Esteban title: Quasispecies dynamics in disease prevention and control date: 2019-11-08 words: 16379 flesch: 29 summary: Drug ReposER: a web server for predicting similar amino acid arrangements to know drug binding interfaces for potential drug repositioning Involvement of a joker mutation in a polymerase-independent lethal mutagenesis escape mechanism Amantadine-resistance as a genetic marker for influenza viruses HIV Nef: role in pathogenesis and viral fitness Mechanisms of HIV-1 escape from immune responses and antiretroviral drugs Estimating HIV evolutionary pathways and the genetic barrier to drug resistance Genetic basis of resistance to rimantadine emerging during treatment of influenza virus infection Influenza: The Last Great Plague; and Unfinished Story of Discovery The Vaccine Book Transmitted/founder viruses rapidly escape from CD8 þ T cell responses in acute hepatitis C virus infection Natural History of Infections Disease Epitope-specific CD8 þ T lymphocytes cross-recognize mutant simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) sequences but fail to contain very early evolution and eventual fixation of epitope escape mutations during SIV infection Two escape mechanisms of influenza a virus to a broadly neutralizing stalk-binding antibody Development of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines based on codon deoptimization Immunological responses following administration of a genotype 1a/1b/2/3a quadrivalent HCV VLP vaccine The poliovirus eradication initiative Viral persistence in vivo through selection of neutralizing antibody-escape variants CD4þ T-cell-epitope escape mutant virus selected in vivo Perspectives and opportunities for novel antiviral treatments targeting virus fitness Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 fitness and tropism: concept, quantification, and clinical relevance HIV-1 drug resistance and resistance testing Antigenic determinants of possible vaccine escape by porcine circovirus subtype 2b viruses Trans-dominant inhibition of RNA viral replication can slow growth of drugresistant viruses Naturally occurring NS3-protease-inhibitor resistant mutant A156T in the liver of an untreated chronic hepatitis C patient Vaccine development: from concept to early clinical testing Molecular and functional bases of selection against a mutation bias in an RNA virus Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus mutants associated with vaccine escape, drug resistance and diagnosis failure Patterns of resistanceassociated substitutions in patients with chronic HCV infection following treatment with direct-acting antivirals Multiclass HCV resistance to direct-acting antiviral failure in real-life patients advocates for tailored secondline therapies RNA virus evolution and the control of viral disease Complications of RNA heterogeneity for the engineering of virus vaccines and antiviral agents Quasispecies dynamics in disease prevention and control Quasispecies and RNA Virus Evolution: Principles and Consequences Virus population dynamics, fitness variations and the control of viral disease: an update Viral quasispecies evolution. Higher levels of resistance mutations as a function of time in untreated patients is an indication that the mutations are not due to basal mutant frequencies but to the epidemiological expansion of virus mutants that originated in treated patients. keywords: antigenic; antiviral; cell; chapter; disease; drug; drug resistance; dynamics; escape; et al; fitness; frequency; hepatitis; infection; inhibitor; mutants; mutations; population; replication; resistance; resistance mutations; section; selection; treatment; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-298033-kzdp9edn.txt plain text: cord-298033-kzdp9edn.txt item: #755 of 1203 id: cord-298036-2zurc60t author: Imre, Gergely title: Cell death signalling in virus infection date: 2020-09-12 words: 8035 flesch: 31 summary: [45] , thus only blocking of both pathways at the same time can significantly reduce IAV induced cell death. Conversely, some viruses hijack cell death pathways to selectively destroy cell populations in order to compromise the immune system of the host. keywords: activation; apoptosis; apoptotic; caspase-8; cell; death; human; immune; infection; inflammasome; leads; necroptosis; nlrp3; pathways; protein; pyroptosis; response; virus cache: cord-298036-2zurc60t.txt plain text: cord-298036-2zurc60t.txt item: #756 of 1203 id: cord-298051-ej8qxkce author: Louten, Jennifer title: Detection and Diagnosis of Viral Infections date: 2016-05-06 words: 11215 flesch: 55 summary: Sequencing also allows us to track the genetic differences between related subtypes and strains of viruses, and it assists scientists in identifying novel viruses by comparing genome sequences with those of known viruses. Consequently, the first efforts to identify specific viruses relied upon serology, the analysis of the protein antibodies found in blood that the immune system synthesizes against pathogens. keywords: antibodies; antibody; antigen; beads; blood; cells; dna; enzyme; fig; patient; pcr; sample; test; virus; viruses cache: cord-298051-ej8qxkce.txt plain text: cord-298051-ej8qxkce.txt item: #757 of 1203 id: cord-298214-ivu4erpq author: Castrignano, Silvana Beres title: The metagenomic approach and causality in virology date: 2015-04-01 words: 2675 flesch: 29 summary: 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 19 Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples Virus discovery by sequence-independent genome amplification Two novel circo-like viruses detected in human feces: complete genome sequencing and electron microscopy analysis The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children Metagenomic analysis of RNA viruses in a fresh water lake Pediatric Epstein-Barr virus-associated encephalitis: 10-year review Causation and disease: the Henle-Koch postulates revisited Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma Sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: a reconsideration of Koch's postulates Criteria for etiologic association of prevalent viruses with prevalent diseases; the virologist's dilemma An address on bacteriological research From orphan virus to pathogen: the path to the clinical lab The changing face of pathogen discovery and surveillance Characterization of the viral microbiome in patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections, using metagenomic sequencing Human anelloviruses and the central nervous system Metagenomics and future perspectives in virus discovery The fecal viral flora of wild rodents Metagenomics: genomic analysis of microbial communities Viruses and Koch's postulates Metagenomic analysis of viruses in reclaimed water Merkel cell carcinoma: recent insights and new treatment options Herpesvirus DNA detection in cerebral spinal fluid: differences in clinical presentation between alpha-, beta-, and gamma-herpesviruses Real-time PCR detection of human herpesvirus 1-5 in patients lacking clinical signs of a viral CNS infection Metagenomic sequencing for virus identification in a public-health setting The first identification and retrospective study of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Japan Identification of a new cyclovirus in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with acute central nervous system infections Metagenomics for the discovery of novel human viruses Metagenomic analyses of viruses in stool samples from children with acute flaccid paralysis Déjà vu all over again: Koch's postulates and virology in the 21st century Metagenomic analysis of fever, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Henan Province, China: discovery of a new bunyavirus Fever with thrombocytopenia associated with a novel bunyavirus in China 298214 cord_uid: ivu4erpq Nowadays, the metagenomic approach has been a very important tool in the discovery of new viruses in environmental and biological samples. keywords: association; causal; disease; samples; virus; viruses cache: cord-298214-ivu4erpq.txt plain text: cord-298214-ivu4erpq.txt item: #758 of 1203 id: cord-298489-uqrzzh0e author: Bale, James F. title: Emerging Viral Infections date: 2012-08-11 words: 3864 flesch: 37 summary: In 1999, West Nile virus infections occurred in the United States, marking the initial appearance of the virus in the Western hemisphere. Less frequent neurological manifestations of West Nile virus infection include aseptic meningitis, myelitis, optic neuritis, and the Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). keywords: dengue; disease; encephalitis; fever; human; infections; nile; nipah; virus; west cache: cord-298489-uqrzzh0e.txt plain text: cord-298489-uqrzzh0e.txt item: #759 of 1203 id: cord-298678-hjxph9jm author: Petrović, T. title: Viral Contamination of Food date: 2016-02-05 words: 10130 flesch: 43 summary: A lack of appropriate detection methods for confirmation of viruses as the etiological agent in food is also the reason for underreporting of foodborne virus outbreaks (Baert et al., 2009) . The existing knowledge gaps and the major future expectations in the detection and surveillance of foodborne viruses are mentioned. , and over 4700 persons in Japan contracted foodborne gastroenteritis due to AstV (Oishi et al., 1994) . keywords: cases; consumption; countries; et al; food; foodborne; gastroenteritis; hav; hepatitis; hev; human; infection; nov; outbreaks; shellfish; transmission; viruses cache: cord-298678-hjxph9jm.txt plain text: cord-298678-hjxph9jm.txt item: #760 of 1203 id: cord-298733-jole21wq author: Tyrrell, D.A.J. title: A view from the common cold unit date: 1992-06-30 words: 9577 flesch: 44 summary: It seems unlikely that anything as successful can be developed for respiratory virus infections but, nevertheless, good ventilation and hand hygiene should be encouraged and are likely to do some good. Husten und Schnupfen Isolation of rhinoviruses and coronaviruses from 38 colds in adults Further studies on the natural transmission of the common cold Inhibition of respiratory virus infection by locally applied interferon Studies in the common cold. keywords: colds; effect; et al; human; infection; interferon; rhinovirus; studies; treatment; unit; virus; viruses; volunteers; work cache: cord-298733-jole21wq.txt plain text: cord-298733-jole21wq.txt item: #761 of 1203 id: cord-298736-9bvyp21d author: Gerold, Gisa title: Decoding protein networks during virus entry by quantitative proteomics date: 2016-06-15 words: 12175 flesch: 31 summary: With the discovery of CR2 as Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and CD4 as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) receptor the hunt for virus receptors began (Fingeroth et al., 1984; Maddon et al., 1986) . Susceptible cell: cell that expresses virus receptors and entry factors and thus allows entry of a virus. keywords: analysis; binding; cell; complex; entry; et al; factors; hcv; hepatitis; host; human; identification; infection; interactions; label; mass; membrane; methods; protein; proteomics; receptor; signaling; silac; uptake; virus; virus entry; viruses cache: cord-298736-9bvyp21d.txt plain text: cord-298736-9bvyp21d.txt item: #762 of 1203 id: cord-298745-3rrlap70 author: Field, H. E. title: Henipaviruses: Emerging Paramyxoviruses Associated with Fruit Bats date: 2007 words: 8418 flesch: 39 summary: Human cases of Nipah virus infection, apparently unassociated with infection in livestock, have been reported in Bangladesh since 2001. Evidence of Nipah virus infection was also been found in dogs, cats and horses (Chua et al. 1999; Nor et al. 2000) . keywords: disease; et al; flying; foxes; hendra; horses; human; infection; malaysia; nipah; outbreak; pigs; species; transmission; virus cache: cord-298745-3rrlap70.txt plain text: cord-298745-3rrlap70.txt item: #763 of 1203 id: cord-298862-8bijio30 author: Eltom, Kamal H. title: Buffalopox Virus: An Emerging Virus in Livestock and Humans date: 2020-08-20 words: 4325 flesch: 43 summary: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Family Poxviridae Generalised buffalopox An experimental study of virus of buffalopox Isolation and characterization of the aetiologic agent of buffalopox Virus study of pock disease among buffaloes Buffalopox virus Isolation, cultivation and characterization of poxviruses from Egyptian water buffaloes An emerging and re-emerging zoonosis Partial genetic characterization of viruses isolated from pox-like infection in cattle and buffaloes: Evidence of buffalo pox virus circulation in Indian cows A study of the ultrastructure of the buffalo pox virus Comparative studies on cultivation of buffalo pox virus in pup kidney and chicken embryo fibroblast cell culture Isolation of buffalo poxvirus from clinical case and variations in the genetics of the B5R gene over fifty passages Buffalo pox outbreak with atypical features: A word of caution and need for early intervention! Laboratory-acquired buffalopox virus infection An outbreak of buffalopox in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) dairy herds in Aurangabad Virological investigations of specimens from buffaloes affected by buffalopox in Maharashtra State, India between 1985 and 1987 B5r gene based sequence analysis of Indian buffalopox virus isolates in relation to other orthopoxviruses Comparative sequence analysis of envelope protein genes of Indian buffalopox virus isolates Isolation and phylogenomic analysis of buffalopox virus from human and buffaloes in India Orthopoxviruses-Plagues of Mankind, Strategists in Immune Evasion, Teachers in Vaccination Characteristics of a new poxvirus isolated from Indian buffaloes Smallpox and Its Eradication; World Health Organization Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of host-range (E3L, K3L, and C7L) and structural protein (B5R) genes of buffalopox virus isolates from buffalo, cattle, and human in India Buffalopox-a review Zoonotic infections of buffalopox in India A case report of buffalopox: A zoonosis of concern Buffalopox outbreak in humans and animals in Western Maharashtra Isolation and molecular characterization of zoonotic Buffalopox virus from skin lesions of humans in India Buffalo pox infection in man Emergence and reemergence of vaccinia-like viruses: Global scenario and perspectives Sequence analysis of C18L gene of buffalopox virus: PCR strategy for specific detection and differentiation of buffalopox from orthopoxviruses Investigation of buffalopox outbreaks in Maharashtra State during 1992-1996 Poxvirus tropism Vaccinia virus host range genes Poxviruses and immune evasion The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase Vaccinia virus E3 protein prevents the antiviral action of ISG15 The vaccinia virus K3L gene product potentiates translation by inhibiting double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 Poxvirus genomes: A phylogenetic analysis Cellular and biochemical differences between two attenuated poxvirus vaccine candidates (MVA and NYVAC) and role of the C7L gene Vaccinia virus K1L and C7L inhibit antiviral activities induced by type I interferons Significance of extracellular enveloped virus in the in vitro and in vivo dissemination of vaccinia Vaccinia virus complement-control protein prevents antibody-dependent complement-enhanced neutralization of infectivity and contributes to virulence Deletion of the vaccinia virus B5R gene encoding a 42-kilodalton membrane glycoprotein inhibits extracellular virus envelope formation and dissemination Real time PCR: A rapid tool for potency estimation of live attenuated camelpox and buffalopox vaccines An investigation of buffalopox outbreak in animals and human beings in Dhulia District (Maharashtra State). 2. Epidemiological studies Outbreak of human buffalopox infection Epitope detection in the envelope of intracellular naked orthopox viruses and identification of encoding genes Partial antigenic characterization of buffalopox virus Structural analysis and immunogenicity of recombinant major envelope protein (rA27L) of buffalopox virus, a zoonotic Indian vaccinia-like virus Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant major envelope protein (rH3L) of buffalopox virus in animal models Animal poxviruses transmitted from cat to man: Current event with lethal end Fatal cowpox-like virus infection transmitted by cat In vitro and in silico biological studies of novel thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives MNK1 inhibitor as an antiviral agent suppresses buffalopox virus protein synthesis Comparison of dried vaccine with fresh Indian buffalo-calf lymph in revaccination against smallpox Summary Report on First, Second and Third Generation Smallpox Vaccines; World Health Organization Co-administration of recombinant major envelope proteins (rA27L and rH3L) of buffalopox virus provides enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models An emergent poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro State: Cantagalo virus may derive from Brazilian smallpox vaccine Passatempo virus, a vaccinia virus strain Aracatuba virus: A vaccinialike virus associated with infection in humans and cattle Novel Orthopoxvirus Infection in an Alaska Resident Human Monkeypox: Current State of Knowledge and Implications for the Future Human infection with a zoonotic orthopoxvirus in the country of Georgia Fatal Outbreak in Tonkean Macaques Caused by Possibly Novel Orthopoxvirus Novel Orthopoxvirus and Lethal Disease in Cat keywords: animals; bpxv; buffaloes; buffalopox; humans; india; infection; smallpox; vaccine; vacv; virus cache: cord-298862-8bijio30.txt plain text: cord-298862-8bijio30.txt item: #764 of 1203 id: cord-298905-c2uuvfm5 author: Horzinek, M. C. title: Molecular pathogenesis of virus infections date: 1987 words: 3891 flesch: 34 summary: Attachment ofpoliovirus to cultivated cells of primate and non-primate origin Human chromosome 19 carries a poliovirus receptor gene Expression and modulation of virus receptors on lymphoid and myeloid cells: Relationship to infectivity Cell receptors for mammalian reovirus. With increasing knowledge about viral genes and their functions, in-depth study of the pathogenesis of virus diseases has become feasible and, in fact, fashionable. keywords: cell; disease; host; infection; membrane; receptor; rna; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-298905-c2uuvfm5.txt plain text: cord-298905-c2uuvfm5.txt item: #765 of 1203 id: cord-299207-lw0cv74b author: Upadhyay, Ranjit Kumar title: Modeling the spread of bird flu and predicting outbreak diversity date: 2007-05-08 words: 4390 flesch: 51 summary: A simple model for complex dynamical transitions in epidemics Investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in Hong Kong in late Applications of mathematical models to the epidemiology of influenza: a critique Lethality to ferrets of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and poultry in Emergence of multiple genotypes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Hong Kong SAR Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in Southern China Avian influenza-a challenge to global health care structures The Transmission of Epidemic Influenza Fitting the bill Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia Study on transmission model of avian influenza A contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics Avian H5N1 influenza in cats The impact of a monthly rest day on avian influenza virus isolation rates in retail live poultry markets in Hong Kong Effect of vaccine use in the evolution of Mexican lineage H5N2 avian influenza virus Genesis of a highly pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds The influenza virus gene pool in a poultry market in South Central China Containing pandemic influenza at the source Recent influenza A (H1N1) infections of pigs and turkeys in northern Europe Characterization of H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated during the 2003-2004 influenza outbreaks in Japan Transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease SARS: How a Global Epidemic Was Stopped, WHO Protective cross-reactive cellular immunity to lethal A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96-like H5N1 influenza virus is correlated with the proportion of pulmonary CD8+ T cells expressing gamma interferon Cross-reactive, cell-mediated immunity and protection of chickens from lethal H5N1 influenza virus infection in Hong Kong poultry markets Pandemic influenza: a zoonosis? Characterization of avian H5N1 influenza viruses from poultry in Hong Kong Avian influenza in Hong Kong Family clustering of avian influenza Independence of evolutionary and mutational rates after transmission of avian influenza viruses to swine Re-emerging H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 are highly pathogenic to ducks Are ducks contributing to the endemicity of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in Asia? Domesticated birds may become infected with avian influenza viruses through direct contact with infected waterfowl or other infected poultry keywords: avian; bird; epidemic; influenza; model; poultry; transmission; virus cache: cord-299207-lw0cv74b.txt plain text: cord-299207-lw0cv74b.txt item: #766 of 1203 id: cord-299379-ch7a39d6 author: De Conto, Flora title: Epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infection in a 3-year hospital-based survey in Northern Italy() date: 2019-01-17 words: 4013 flesch: 40 summary: Application to typing of enteroviruses (Coxsackie and ECHO) Etiology and clinical characteristics of single and multiple respiratory virus infections diagnosed in croatian children in two respiratory seasons Epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Jinan, China Multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children Four year incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children referred to emergency departments for lower respiratory tract diseases in Italy: the Osservatorio VRS study Respiratory virus detection and clinical diagnosis in children attending day care The burden of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections in hospitalized norwegian children Viruses as sole causative agents of severe acute respiratory tract infections in children Occurrence of respiratory virus: time, place and person Seasonality of influenza in the tropics: a distinct pattern in northeastern Brazil Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, weather conditions and air pollution in an Italian urban area: an observational study Acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Vientiane, Lao PDR -the importance of respiratory syncytial virus Etiology, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections in Eastern India (Bhubaneswar, Odisha) Mixed respiratory virus infections Ten years (2004-2014) of influenza surveillance in Northern Italy Multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections Causative agents of severe community acquired viral pneumonia among children in Eastern Thailand Concurrent serious bacterial infections in 912 infants and children hospitalized for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection Human bocavirus: passenger or pathogen in acute respiratory tract infections? Etiology and clinical outcomes of acute respiratory virus infection in hospitalized adults Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study Retrospective review of serious bacterial infections in infants who are 0 to 36 months of age and have influenza A infection Respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness: epidemiology and outcomes in children aged 6 months to 10 years in a multi-country population sample Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology Fifteen years of epidemiologic, virologic and syndromic influenza surveillance: a focus on type B virus and the effects of vaccine mismatch in Liguria region Respiratory virus surveillance in hospitalised pneumonia patients on the Thailand-Myanmar border Contribution of common and recently described respiratory viruses to annual hospitalizations in children in South Africa Severity of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection may not be directly correlated with initial viral load in upper respiratory tract Epidemiological and molecular surveillance of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses in children with acute respiratory infections Epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus A (H1N1) The main diagnostic methods for respiratory virus infections are: virus isolation in cell culture, viral antigen/nucleic acid detection, and virus-specific serology. keywords: children; hrsv; infections; respiratory; samples; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-299379-ch7a39d6.txt plain text: cord-299379-ch7a39d6.txt item: #767 of 1203 id: cord-299549-bjqwwzam author: Zhang, Lei title: Against Ebola: type I interferon guard risk and mesenchymal stromal cell combat sepsis date: 2015-01-01 words: 3649 flesch: 38 summary: α2b spray Ebola virus VP35 protein binds double-stranded RNA and inhibits alpha/beta interferon production induced by RIG-I signaling Caring for critically ill patients with Ebola virus disease. Perspectives from West Africa Apoptosis induced in vitro and in vivo during infection by Ebola and Marburg viruses Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease Regulation of type I interferon responses Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-α2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections Adult human mesenchymal stem cells added to corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease Clinical virology of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF): virus, virus antigen, and IgG and IgM antibody findings among EHF patients in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo Links between innate and adaptive immunity via type I interferon Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Early immune responses accompanying human asymptomatic Ebola infections Camouflage and misdirection: the full-on assault of Ebola virus disease How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system Mesenchymal stem cells decrease splenocytes apoptosis in a sepsis experimental model Perspectives on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in vascularized composite allotransplantation Clinical illness and outcomes in patients with Ebola in Sierra Leone Interferon-β therapy prolongs survival in rhesus macaque models of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever Age-related changes in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: consequences for cell therapies Ebola virus pathogenesis: implications for vaccines and therapies Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation reverses multiorgan dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus mice and humans keywords: cells; ebola; host; ifn; infection; patients; virus cache: cord-299549-bjqwwzam.txt plain text: cord-299549-bjqwwzam.txt item: #768 of 1203 id: cord-299786-wuve0tjz author: Anderson, Robert title: Manipulation of cell surface macromolecules by flaviviruses date: 2004-02-27 words: 13601 flesch: 19 summary: Interestingly, lymphocytes do not appear to undergo antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection (Brandt et al., 1979; Kurane et al., 1990) , even though B cells do have Fc receptors (Dijstelbloem et al., 2001 ; see Section IV,C). It has long been recognized that dengue virus passaged in various host cell types can give rise to virus variants with altered cell specificity (Brandt et al., 1979; Halstead et al., 1984a Halstead et keywords: adhesion; antibody; binding; blood; cells; dengue; dengue virus; disease; encephalitis; endothelial; et al; expression; fever; flaviviruses; halstead; human; immune; infection; mast; molecules; monocytes; platelets; protein; receptor; role; sulfate; surface; virus; virus infection cache: cord-299786-wuve0tjz.txt plain text: cord-299786-wuve0tjz.txt item: #769 of 1203 id: cord-300020-edolh7ww author: Nielsen, Anne Ahlmann title: Persistence of Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N7 and H7N1 Subtypes in House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) date: 2011-05-01 words: 4323 flesch: 44 summary: The constant ␣ was allowed to depend on virus strain (S), and interactions of up to third order between the four dependent variables T, I, C, and S was investigated using a stepdown procedure where the interaction terms were added simultaneously to the model 1 and subsequently deleted to reduce this full model. [3] which included the main effects of T and I and in addition the interactions between temperature and incubation period T:I and between virus strain and fed virus concentration S:C. keywords: aiv; et al; fed; house; incubation; persistence; virus; ßies cache: cord-300020-edolh7ww.txt plain text: cord-300020-edolh7ww.txt item: #770 of 1203 id: cord-300133-yc2wxgid author: Martínez, Miguel J. title: Ebola Virus Infection: Overview and Update on Prevention and Treatment date: 2015-09-12 words: 4303 flesch: 42 summary: International Scientific and Technical Committee Large-scale convalescent blood and plasma transfusion therapy for Ebola virus disease Ebola hemorrhagic fever: evaluation of passive immunotherapy in nonhuman primates Postexposure antibody prophylaxis protects nonhuman primates from filovirus disease Emergency evaluation of convalescent plasma for Ebola viral disease (EVD) in Guinea (Ebola-Tx) Use of convalescent whole blood or plasma collected from patients recovered from Ebola virus disease for transfusion, as an emprical treatment during outbreaks First Ebola treatment is approved by WHO Position paper on collection and use of convalescent plasma or serum as an element in filovirus outbreak response Acute respiratory distress syndrome after convalescent plasma use: treatment of a patient with Ebola virus disease Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp Clinical care of two patients with Ebola virus disease in the United States Rapid high-yield expression of full-size IgG antibodies in plants coinfected with noncompeting viral vectors Putative investigational therapeutics in the treatment of patients with known Ebola infection Accessed 27 Characterization of host immune responses in Ebola virus infections Evasion of the interferon-mediated antiviral response by filoviruses How Ebola virus counters the interferon system Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha2b for treatment of experimental Ebola virus infections Interferon-beta therapy prolongs survival in rhesus macaque models of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever Clinical features and pathobiology of Ebolavirus infection Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever ARCA biopharma receives FDA orphan drug designation for rNAPc2 as a potential treatment for Ebola Ebola virus vaccines: an overview of current approaches Evaluation in nonhuman primates of vaccines against Ebola virus Role of VP30 phosphorylation in the Ebola virus replication cycle Perspectives from West Africa Ebola hemorrhagic fever in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo: clinical observations in 103 patients Clinical predictors of mortality in patients with Ebola virus disease Clinical features of patients with Ebola virus disease in Sierra Leone Ebola haemorrhagic fever Lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure Blood chemistry measurements and D-Dimer levels associated with fatal and nonfatal outcomes in humans infected with Sudan Ebola virus Ebola (Ebola virus disease), guidance for collection, transport and submission of specimens for Ebola virus testing World Health Organization. keywords: africa; disease; ebola; ebov; evd; fever; infection; outbreak; patients; treatment; virus; viruses; west cache: cord-300133-yc2wxgid.txt plain text: cord-300133-yc2wxgid.txt item: #771 of 1203 id: cord-300189-gsp1dozg author: Franci, Gianluigi title: Infectivity inhibition by overlapping synthetic peptides derived from the gH/gL heterodimer of herpes simplex virus type 1 date: 2017-02-14 words: 6375 flesch: 39 summary: Inhibitory activity of gH peptides. In fact, the two proteins need each other to fold correctly and gL is a powerful scaffolding protein for gH. The inability of gH peptides derived from the H1 domain to function as inhibitors of infectivity can be explained by the fact that the formation of the highly stable complex between the two glycoproteins happens during the maturation and egress from the infected cell; therefore, the structure is already definitive when the heterodimer becomes expressed on the mature virion envelope. keywords: activity; cell; domain; entry; fusion; glycoprotein; herpes; inhibition; inhibitory; membrane; peptides; regions; simplex; type; virus cache: cord-300189-gsp1dozg.txt plain text: cord-300189-gsp1dozg.txt item: #772 of 1203 id: cord-300435-vs0ntcsb author: Katz, Al title: Heteroaggregation of an enveloped bacteriophage with colloidal sediments and effect on virus viability date: 2018-10-01 words: 5316 flesch: 38 summary: In fact, sediment-bearing biofilms have been shown to sequester virus particles in wetlands where they are subsequently concentrated and subject to re-release (Flood and Ashbolt, 2000) . The colloidal interaction between virus particles and the small fraction of suspended sediments can be described by DLVO theory (Derjaguin and Landau, 1941; Verwey and Overbeek, 1948) , in which the potential between colloidal particles is the sum of the attractive van der Waals potential and the Coulomb potential (repulsive for like-charged particles and attractive for oppositely-charged particles). keywords: aggregation; goethite; montmorillonite; particles; sediments; turbidity; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-300435-vs0ntcsb.txt plain text: cord-300435-vs0ntcsb.txt item: #773 of 1203 id: cord-300522-okbupw61 author: Sansone, Clementina title: Marine Algal Antioxidants as Potential Vectors for Controlling Viral Diseases date: 2020-05-07 words: 4779 flesch: 24 summary: Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharides carrageenan from some marine seaweeds In vitro inhibition of human papillomavirus following use of a carrageenan-containing vaginal gel Iota-carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus infection Antiviral Activity of a Carrageenan from Gigartina skottsbergii against Intraperitoneal Murine Herpes simplex Virus Infection Iota-Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of rhinovirus infection Preparation and potential in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of low molecular-weight κ-carrageenans and their derivatives Galactans: An Overview of their Most Important Sourcing and Applications as Natural Polysaccharides Antiviral Potential of Algae Polysaccharides Isolated from Marine Sources: A Review Marine compounds and their antiviral activities Antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophytha, Gigartinales) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) Thus, thousands of compounds from various marine organisms such as algae, bacteria, fungi, marine invertebrates or sponges have been screened and 21 of them have demonstrated antiviral activities [17] . keywords: activities; activity; algae; antioxidant; antiviral; cell; compounds; human; infection; marine; polysaccharides; stress; virus cache: cord-300522-okbupw61.txt plain text: cord-300522-okbupw61.txt item: #774 of 1203 id: cord-300711-yibdumij author: Shatizadeh, Somayeh title: Epidemiological and clinical evaluation of children with respiratory virus infections date: 2014-09-22 words: 2025 flesch: 38 summary: Although routine surveillance of respiratory viruses might not seem to be MJIRI, Vol. 28 Peres Cd Cde A. Factors associated to hospitalization of children under five years of age Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory tract virus infections in the tropics Human bocavirus infection in young children in the united states: molecular epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of a newly emerging respiratory virus Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in Jordan Molecular Evolution and Circulation Patterns of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroup A: Positively Selected Sites in the Attachment G Glycoprotein Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNAviruses Rapid and Sensitive Method Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Diagnosis of Infections by Influenza A and Influenza B Viruses, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Parainfluenza Viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 GeneScan Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay for Detection of Six Common Respiratory Viruses in Young Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness Detection and Identification of Human Parainfluenza Viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Clinical Samples of Pediatric Patients by Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Comparison of Multiplex Nested RT-PCR with Virus Isolation for Detection of Influenza Viruses A and B Molecular Identification of Adenoviruses in Clinical Samples by Analyzing a Partial Hexon Genomic Region Simultaneous Detection of Fourteen Respiratory Viruses in Clinical Specimens by Two Multiplex Reverse Transcription Nested-PCR Assays Multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis Clinicalepidemiological evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children attended in a public hospital in midwestern Brazil Role of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Illness in the First Year of Life: A Birth Cohort Study Molecular detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory disease in Iran Seasonal Trends of Human Parainfluenza Viral Infections: United States Prevalence of respiratory viruses, including newly identified viruses, in hospitalized children in Austria Epidemiological and clinical features of hMPV, RSV and RVs infections in young children Respiratory viral infections among pediatric inpatients and outpatients in Taiwan from 1997 to 1999 Respiratory Viral Infections among Pediatric Inpatients and Outpatients in Taiwan from 1997 to 1999 The pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus disease in childhood We would like to thank the entire staff of the National Influenza centre, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences. RSV causes the great majority of respiratory virus infections in children. keywords: age; children; infections; study; viruses cache: cord-300711-yibdumij.txt plain text: cord-300711-yibdumij.txt item: #775 of 1203 id: cord-300810-a1skdp67 author: Lafay, F. title: Spread of the CVS strain of rabies virus and of the avirulent mutant AvO1 along the olfactory pathways of the mouse after intranasal inoculation date: 1991-07-31 words: 5739 flesch: 50 summary: Infection of the central nervous system and centrifugal spread of virus to peripheral tissues Two anatomically specific classes of candidate cholinoceptive neurons in the rat olfactory bulb The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates Spread of a neurotropit murine coronavirus into the CNS via the trigeminal and olfactory nerves Antigenic site II of the rabies glycoproteln: Structure and role in viral virulence Laminar distributions of interneurons in the main olfactory bulb of adult hamster Rabies virus virulence: Effect on pathogenicity and sequence characterization of mutations affecting antigenic site Ill of the glycoprotein Transport of molecules from nose to brain: Transneuronal anterograde and retrograde labeling in the rat olfactory system by wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase applied to the nasal epithelium Surprisingly rich projection from locus coeruleus to the olfactory bulb in the rat Olfactory system An in viva and in vitro study of rabies virus infection of the rat superior cervical ganglia Arginine or lysine in position 333 of ERA and CVS glycoprotein is necessary for rabies virulence in adult mice The role of protetns in vesicular stomatitis virus replication. The ratio between infected cells and PFU is the same for both viruses and the infected cells were found in the same epithelial areas (data not shown). keywords: avol; cells; cvs; infection; mutant; neurons; olfactory; rabies; virus cache: cord-300810-a1skdp67.txt plain text: cord-300810-a1skdp67.txt item: #776 of 1203 id: cord-300837-d0a8y5qh author: Khetawat, Dimple title: A Functional Henipavirus Envelope Glycoprotein Pseudotyped Lentivirus Assay System date: 2010-11-12 words: 9007 flesch: 38 summary: Interestingly, in both the NiV and HeV F glycoprotein mutant series, the higher infectivity of the FΔCt1, FΔCt2 and FΔCt3 bearing pseudotypes in comparison to wild-type was notable, and might be attributed to the greater levels of incorporation of these F glycoproteins into the particles, except in the case of wild-type NiV F and G bearing particles and the reason for this later observation is unclear at present. The series of NiV and HeV F glycoprotein mutants and each wild-type F were expressed by plasmid transfection in HeLa-USU cells, both in the presence and absence of their homologous G glycoprotein partner, and surface proteins were biotin labeled, precipitated with Avidin-agarose, and analyzed by Western blot assay using an F 1 specific antisera ( Figure 5 ). keywords: cell; cytoplasmic; entry; envelope; figure; fusion; gene; glycoprotein; henipavirus; hev; hev f; infection; niv; niv f; particles; pcaggs; virus cache: cord-300837-d0a8y5qh.txt plain text: cord-300837-d0a8y5qh.txt item: #777 of 1203 id: cord-301064-ex6qb6zj author: Elena, Santiago F. title: Editorial: A home for virology, ecology, epidemiology, and evolutionary biology date: 2015-03-26 words: 1317 flesch: 33 summary: The study of virus evolution in its own right has flourished in the last 25 years and the subject undoubtedly gained greater recognition within the biological sciences after the discovery that evolution is an essential component of HIV infection. The rate of growth of scientific papers that include 'virus evolution' is nearly twice that of those that mention only 'virus' (Fig. 1a) and approximately three times faster than the growth rate of PubMed as a whole (Lu 2011) . keywords: biology; evolution; new; virus; viruses cache: cord-301064-ex6qb6zj.txt plain text: cord-301064-ex6qb6zj.txt item: #778 of 1203 id: cord-301285-p83ondy8 author: Kautz, Tiffany F title: Low-fidelity Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus polymerase mutants to improve live-attenuated vaccine safety and efficacy date: 2018-03-06 words: 8856 flesch: 45 summary: Resistance of TC-83 mutants to treatment by 5FU (D). Resistance of TC-83 mutants to treatment by Ribavirin (E). keywords: cells; diversity; equine; et al; fidelity; fig; mice; mutants; mutations; rdrp; rna; tc-83; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-301285-p83ondy8.txt plain text: cord-301285-p83ondy8.txt item: #779 of 1203 id: cord-301362-f3lp10lm author: Delgui, Laura R. title: A Novel Mechanism Underlying the Innate Immune Response Induction upon Viral-Dependent Replication of Host Cell mRNA: A Mistake of +sRNA Viruses' Replicases date: 2017-01-20 words: 7023 flesch: 26 summary: It was shown that several poliovirus and host proteins are involved in the membrane rearrangements that are essential for virus RNA replication (reviewed by Jackson, 2014) . Other +sRNA viruses such as the enterovirus Coxsackievirus (Kemball et al., 2010) , Hepatitis C virus (Flaviviridae family) (Sir et al., 2012) , or Coronavirus such as MVH (Reggiori et al., 2010) also usurp the autophagy pathway and induce remarkably alterations in intracellular membranous components to harbor the sites for viral RNA replication. keywords: cell; dsrna; et al; host; membrane; poliovirus; protein; replication; rig; rna; vesicles; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-301362-f3lp10lm.txt plain text: cord-301362-f3lp10lm.txt item: #780 of 1203 id: cord-301592-n5ns3m34 author: Ivaska, Lauri title: Aetiology of febrile pharyngitis in children: Potential of myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker of viral infection date: 2017-01-07 words: 4145 flesch: 42 summary: Blood MxA levels were lower in virus positive patients at the follow-up visit (110 [70e218] mg/L; median [IQR]) than they were during the febrile pharyngitis episode (780 [180e1190] mg/L). Furthermore, an elevated blood MxA level, as a marker of type I or type III interferon production, demonstrated an active innate immune response against acute virus infection in the majority of patients with a detected virus. keywords: blood; children; gas; group; mxa; patients; pharyngitis; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt plain text: cord-301592-n5ns3m34.txt item: #781 of 1203 id: cord-302021-42vqmndl author: Stanley, Mathew title: Synthesis and inhibitory activity of sialic acid derivatives targeted at viral sialate-O-acetylesterases date: 2011-04-08 words: 3517 flesch: 51 summary: While no inhibition of the sialate-4-O-acetylesterases from mouse hepatitis virus strain S or sialodacryoadenitis virus was found, a 9-O-methyl derivative displayed inhibitory activity against recombinant sialate-9-O-acetylesterase from influenza C virus. Besides sialidases, the haemagglutinin-esterases (HE) of influenza C virus, isavirus, betacoronaviruses and toroviruses represent another class of RDEs. keywords: mmol; soae; solution; virus cache: cord-302021-42vqmndl.txt plain text: cord-302021-42vqmndl.txt item: #782 of 1203 id: cord-302047-vv5gpldi author: Willemsen, Anouk title: On the stability of sequences inserted into viral genomes date: 2019-11-14 words: 12562 flesch: 34 summary: However, genomic deletions that disrupt the inserted sequence will be subject to less constraints, as for example they can disrupt the reading frame of the insert without affecting the expression of virus genes. A large number of virus genomes have been engineered to carry additional sequences for a variety of purposes. keywords: cells; deletion; et al; evolution; expression; fitness; gene; genome; genomic; host; insert; insertions; recombination; replication; rna; sequences; size; stability; vectors; virus; viruses cache: cord-302047-vv5gpldi.txt plain text: cord-302047-vv5gpldi.txt item: #783 of 1203 id: cord-302055-s155i4e9 author: Mitchell, Edith P. title: Corona Virus: Global Pandemic Causing World-Wide Shutdown date: 2020-04-03 words: 899 flesch: 51 summary: The Publisher of Journal of the National Medical Association, Elsevier, has compiled an extensive list of publications that may also be useful to physicians and other clinicians and can be found at: Elsevier's Novel Coronavirus Information Center. History and recent advances in coronavirus discovery Cultivation of viruses from a high proportion of patients with colds Global patterns in coronavirus diversity Pathogen spillover in disease epidemics Genetic and molecular biological analysis of protein-protein interactions in coronavirus assembly Seroepidemiologic studies of coronavirus infection in adults and children A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Information for Healthcare Professionals COVID-19) e UpToDate by K McIntosh CORONA VIRUS Coronaviruses have also been associated with other diseases including enteric manifestations causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting as well as other symptoms such as chills, fever, headache and myalgia. keywords: coronavirus; disease; viruses cache: cord-302055-s155i4e9.txt plain text: cord-302055-s155i4e9.txt item: #784 of 1203 id: cord-302111-kg0dmgq0 author: Darden, Dijoia B. title: The Clinical Presentation and Immunology of Viral Pneumonia and Implications for Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 date: 2020-04-29 words: 4498 flesch: 21 summary: Severe viral pneumonia can manifest as sepsis and respiratory distress requiring intensive care (11) . The most severely ill group of 12 patients demonstrated impaired expression of numerous genes participating in adaptive immune responses (e.g., diminished antigen presentation, B-cell development, T-helper cell differentiation, and apoptosis), suggesting impaired adaptive immunity in severe viral pneumonia (55) . keywords: community; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; infection; influenza; patients; pneumonia; presentation; review; sars; vaccine cache: cord-302111-kg0dmgq0.txt plain text: cord-302111-kg0dmgq0.txt item: #785 of 1203 id: cord-302277-c66xm2n4 author: Bakaletz, Lauren O. title: Developing animal models for polymicrobial diseases date: 2004 words: 10914 flesch: 22 summary: After inoculation with influenza virus, the rate of RDC migration to the draining peribronchial lymph nodes increased, but this only occurred during the first 24 hours after virus infection. Ontario group A streptococcal study group Risk factors for invasive group A streptococcal infections in children with varicella: a casecontrol study Invasive group A streptococcal infections in children with varicella in Southern California Presence of specific viruses in the middle ear fluids and respiratory secretions of young children with acute otitis media Adenovirus infection enhances in vitro adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Effect of adenovirus type 1 and influenza A virus on Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization and otitis media in the chinchilla Reviews the evidence in support of the crucial role of a viral virulence factor in predisposing both the upper and lower respiratory tract to bacterial secondary infections Adenovirus serotype 1 does not act synergistically with Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis to induce otitis media in the chinchilla Comparison of alteration of cell surface carbohydrates of the chinchilla tubotympanum and colonial opacity phenotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae during experimental pneumococcal otitis media with or without an antecedent influenza A virus infection Effect of experimental influenza A virus infection on isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other aerobic bacteria from the oropharynges of allergic and nonallergic adult subjects Prevalence of various respiratory viruses in the middle ear during acute otitis media Infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with respiratory viruses and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Impaired innate host defense causes susceptibility to respiratory virus infections in cystic fibrosis Modulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene expression by host microflora through interspecies communication The herpesvirus-Porphyromonas gingivalis-periodontitis axis Herpesviral-bacterial interactions in aggressive periodontitis A mouse model of dual infection with influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of a mouse model and the role of plateletactivating factor receptor Role of neuraminidase in lethal synergism between influenza virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae A model of meningococcal bacteremia after respiratory superinfection in influenza A virus-infected mice The chinchilla superinfection model developed in this study was the first animal model to demonstrate conclusively the important role of the upper respiratory tract viruses Eustachian tube histopathology during experimental influenza keywords: animal; bacterial; candida; disease; host; human; infection; mice; model; pathogenesis; pathogens; patients; periodontitis; polymicrobial; role; species; strains; study; virulence; virus; viruses cache: cord-302277-c66xm2n4.txt plain text: cord-302277-c66xm2n4.txt item: #786 of 1203 id: cord-302425-aaxvlktp author: Cortey, Martí title: High levels of unreported intraspecific diversity among RNA viruses in faeces of neonatal piglets with diarrhoea date: 2019-12-05 words: 4999 flesch: 46 summary: Most of the viruses causing outbreaks of diarrhoea in neonate piglets are RNA viruses such as Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV), Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) or Rotavirus A, B, C or H (RVA, RVB, RVC, RVH) key: cord-302425-aaxvlktp authors: Cortey, Martí; Díaz, Ivan; Vidal, Anna; Martín-Valls, Gerard; Franzo, Giovanni; Gómez de Nova, Pedro José; Darwich, Laila; Puente, Héctor; Carvajal, Ana; Martín, Marga; Mateu, Enric title: High levels of unreported intraspecific diversity among RNA viruses in faeces of neonatal piglets with diarrhoea date: 2019-12-05 journal: BMC Vet Res DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2204-2 sha: doc_id: 302425 cord_uid: aaxvlktp BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea is a major cause of death in neonate pigs and most of the viruses that cause it are RNA viruses. keywords: cases; diarrhoea; porcine; present; reads; rna; samples; sequences; viral; viruses cache: cord-302425-aaxvlktp.txt plain text: cord-302425-aaxvlktp.txt item: #787 of 1203 id: cord-302486-z36hcvrx author: Cobo, Fernando title: Diagnostic approaches for viruses and prions in stem cell banks date: 2006-03-30 words: 7277 flesch: 32 summary: However, viral contamination of cell cultures and feeder cells, which is a common risk in all biotechnological products derived from the cell lines, is the most challenging and potentially serious outcome to address, due to the difficulty involved in virus detection and the potential to cause serious disease in recipients of these cell products (Cobo et al., 2005) . Viral and prion contamination of cell cultures and “feeder” cells, which is a common risk in all biotechnological products derived from the cell lines, is the most challenging and potentially serious outcome to address, due to the difficulty involved in virus and prion detection and the potential to cause serious disease in recipients of these cell products. keywords: cell; culture; detection; et al; human; lines; method; microscopy; pcr; prion; products; protein; prp; stem; tests; viruses cache: cord-302486-z36hcvrx.txt plain text: cord-302486-z36hcvrx.txt item: #788 of 1203 id: cord-302529-43pd2qsp author: El Moussi, Awatef title: Virological Surveillance of Influenza Viruses during the 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11 Seasons in Tunisia date: 2013-09-19 words: 3251 flesch: 39 summary: key: cord-302529-43pd2qsp authors: El Moussi, Awatef; Pozo, Francisco; Ben Hadj Kacem, Mohamed Ali; Ledesma, Juan; Cuevas, Maria Teresa; Casas, Inmaculada; Slim, Amine title: Virological Surveillance of Influenza Viruses during the 2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11 Seasons in Tunisia date: 2013-09-19 journal: PLoS One DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074064 sha: doc_id: 302529 cord_uid: 43pd2qsp BACKGROUND: The data contribute to a better understanding of the circulation of influenza viruses especially in North-Africa. We describe in this report the findings of laboratory-based surveillance of human cases of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses' infection during three seasons in Tunisia. keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09; cases; influenza; pandemic; season; surveillance; tunisia; viruses cache: cord-302529-43pd2qsp.txt plain text: cord-302529-43pd2qsp.txt item: #789 of 1203 id: cord-302614-siyyve9e author: Shigeta, Shiro title: Anti-RNA virus activity of polyoxometalates date: 2006-05-24 words: 3513 flesch: 48 summary: key: cord-302614-siyyve9e authors: Shigeta, Shiro; Mori, Shuichi; Yamase, Toshihiro; Yamamoto, Norio; Yamamoto, Naoki title: Anti-RNA virus activity of polyoxometalates date: 2006-05-24 journal: Biomed Pharmacother DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2006.03.009 sha: doc_id: 302614 cord_uid: siyyve9e The anti-RNA virus activity of polyoxometalates (POM) is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the anti-respiratory virus activities. We examined several types of POM for anti-RNA virus activities and found some indeed have broad antiviral activities against the RNA viruses which cause acute respiratory infections. keywords: activity; anti; cells; fluv; pm-523; ribavirin; virus cache: cord-302614-siyyve9e.txt plain text: cord-302614-siyyve9e.txt item: #790 of 1203 id: cord-302716-wfla3l20 author: Popov, Vsevolod L. title: Electron Microscopy in Discovery of Novel and Emerging Viruses from the Collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA) date: 2019-05-25 words: 5446 flesch: 40 summary: key: cord-302716-wfla3l20 authors: Popov, Vsevolod L.; Tesh, Robert B.; Weaver, Scott C.; Vasilakis, Nikos title: Electron Microscopy in Discovery of Novel and Emerging Viruses from the Collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA) date: 2019-05-25 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v11050477 sha: doc_id: 302716 cord_uid: wfla3l20 Since the beginning of modern virology in the 1950s, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an important and widely used technique for discovery, identification and characterization of new viruses. Since the beginning of modern virology in the 1950s, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been one of the most important and widely used techniques for identification and characterization of new viruses. keywords: cell; diameter; family; figure; genus; sections; surface; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-302716-wfla3l20.txt plain text: cord-302716-wfla3l20.txt item: #791 of 1203 id: cord-303040-ha8gufh8 author: Park, Won-Ju title: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Outbreak in the Basic Military Training Camp of the Republic of Korea Air Force date: 2015-01-14 words: 3620 flesch: 45 summary: Medical microvirology Genetic diversity among respiratory syncytial viruses that have caused repeated infections in children from rural India The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children Seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus IgG among healthy young adults in basic training for the Republic of Korea Air Force Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Respiratory syncytial virus is an important cause of community-acquired lower respiratory infection among hospitalized adults Symptomatic respiratory syncytial virus infection in previously healthy young adults living in a crowded military environment Respiratory syncytial virus: an important cause of acute respiratory illness among young adults undergoing military training. Influenza Other Respir Viruses Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Humoral immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in young and elderly adults RSV infection in elderly adults Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adult populations Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus Clinical and epidemiological comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in seoul Yogev R. Residential crowding and severe respiratory syncytial virus disease among infants and young children: a systematic literature review Respiratory diseases among U.S. military personnel: countering emerging threats Viruses and the lung: keywords: acute; fever; infection; military; patients; rsv; virus cache: cord-303040-ha8gufh8.txt plain text: cord-303040-ha8gufh8.txt item: #792 of 1203 id: cord-303186-2hxlx1j2 author: Won, Hokeun title: Generation and protective efficacy of a cold-adapted attenuated genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus date: 2019-07-09 words: 8217 flesch: 43 summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: an emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus Porcine Viruses: From Pathogenesis to Strategies for Control Fields Virology Heterogeneity in spike protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in Korea Outbreak-related porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains similar to US strains, South Korea Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant S1 domain of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein Porcine epidemic diarrhoea: new insights into an old disease A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine Deadly pig virus slips through US borders Emergence of Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the United States: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences Distinct characteristics and complex evolution of PEDV strains US-like strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreaks in Taiwan Molecular characterization of pig epidemic diarrhoea viruses isolated in Japan from Antibody responses in serum, colostrum, and milk of swine after infection or vaccination with transmissible gastroenteritis virus Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): historical and current concepts Does circulating antibody play a role in the protection of piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus? Previous infection of sows with a mild strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus confers protection against infection with a severe strain Genetic characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in Korea from Genetic and phenotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza viruses in a trivalent vaccine administered to children in a day care setting Genotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine in an efficacy clinical trial Development and characterization of cold-adapted viruses for use as live virus vaccines Genetic characteristics, pathogenicity, and immunogenicity associated with cell adaptation of a virulent genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Likewise, our study reproduced 100% mortality in 5-day-old conventional piglets inoculated orally with the 10 −2 diluted Aram virus (calculated dose of 10 3 TCID 50 per pig). keywords: aram; cold; diarrhea; epidemic; group; p29; pedv; piglets; porcine; sows; strain; virus cache: cord-303186-2hxlx1j2.txt plain text: cord-303186-2hxlx1j2.txt item: #793 of 1203 id: cord-303265-v6ci69n0 author: Domingo, Esteban title: Introduction to virus origins and their role in biological evolution date: 2019-11-08 words: 15691 flesch: 36 summary: Group 1 (with a replicative scheme abbreviated as RNA/RNA) includes RNA viruses whose genomic replication cycle involves only RNA. The extent of genetic variation and its biological consequences have been less investigated for DNA viruses than for RNA viruses. keywords: acid; biological; cells; chapter; day; disease; dna; earth; elements; entities; et al; evolution; fig; genome; host; information; life; mechanisms; molecules; origin; present; protein; replication; rna; rna viruses; synthesis; viruses; world cache: cord-303265-v6ci69n0.txt plain text: cord-303265-v6ci69n0.txt item: #794 of 1203 id: cord-303297-fiievwy7 author: Oberemok, Volodymyr V. title: SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship date: 2020-04-30 words: 4090 flesch: 43 summary: The viruses can be detected in 1-10% of patients with acute respiratory tract infections, and double infections with other respiratory viruses are common High expression of the ACE2 receptor, via which COVID-19 virus enters cells using its spike glycoprotein, was identified in type II alveolar cells (AT2) of the lung keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; host; human; infection; population; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt plain text: cord-303297-fiievwy7.txt item: #795 of 1203 id: cord-303533-6s01qplg author: Neuman, Benjamin W. title: Does form meet function in the coronavirus replicative organelle? date: 2014-07-15 words: 3643 flesch: 27 summary: Because +RNA viruses share both the central component of the RNA-making machinery and a common replication strategy, it is useful to consider how coronaviruses fit into the wider world of +RNA viruses. This review takes a virus-centric look at the coronavirus replication transcription complex organelle in the context of the wider world of positive sense RNA viruses, examining how the mechanisms of protein expression and function act to produce the factories that power the viral replication cycle. keywords: coronavirus; membrane; nsp3; organelles; protein; replication; rna; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-303533-6s01qplg.txt plain text: cord-303533-6s01qplg.txt item: #796 of 1203 id: cord-303665-l57e54hu author: Lahrich, S. title: Review on the contamination of wastewater by COVID-19 virus: Impact and treatment date: 2020-09-10 words: 5853 flesch: 35 summary: It enables rapid virus detection (virus detection using lab-on-a-chip methods takes 7 to 16 minutes)  Some of these methods have been modified by: i) concentration (ELISA tests, PCR and NASBA reactions, application of microarrays) (Li et al., 2002; Alhamlan et al., 2013; Kittigul et al., 2000) , ii) combination of different methods (PCR reaction combined with plate-forming tests, atomic force microscopy combined with protein microarray technology) (Straub et al., 1995; Haab et al., 2001; Zhu et al., 2001) , iii) change in the pore size of the filter (epifluorescence microscopy) (Weinbauer and Suttle, 1997) , iv) dilution of the sample (flow cytometry) keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; environment; et al; health; methods; pcr; sars; sewage; treatment; viruses; wastewater cache: cord-303665-l57e54hu.txt plain text: cord-303665-l57e54hu.txt item: #797 of 1203 id: cord-304251-dohglrm1 author: Scully, C title: Emerging and changing viral diseases in the new millennium date: 2015-08-06 words: 6262 flesch: 37 summary: The majority of virus infections of the oral mucosa are due to the herpes group, which are DNA viruses. A critical review Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer Urban legends series: lichen planus Update on oral herpes virus infections Mucocutaneous manifestations of Chikungunya fever A family cluster of infections by a newly recognized bunyavirus in eastern China, 2007: further evidence of person-to-person transmission Global burden, distribution, and interventions for infectious diseases of poverty Standard infection control precautions HPV transmission in adolescent men who have sex with men Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus Global participation in core data sets for emerging pathogens Update on emerging infections: news from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. keywords: dengue; disease; enterovirus; et al; fever; herpes; hiv; hpv; infections; lesions; mumps; oral; syndrome; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-304251-dohglrm1.txt plain text: cord-304251-dohglrm1.txt item: #798 of 1203 id: cord-304278-0qy1nngs author: Raj, G. Dhinakar title: Infectious bronchitis virus: immunopathogenesis of infection in the chicken date: 2007-11-12 words: 12541 flesch: 33 summary: Research in Veterinary Science Organ culture studies on the efficiency of infection of chicken tissues with avian infectious bronchitis virus Growth comparisons of avian infectious bronchitis virus strains in organ cultures of chicken tissues Taxonomic studies on strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus using neutralisation tests in tracheal organ cultures Changes in the Harderian gland of the chicken following conjunctival and intranasal infection with infectious bronchitis virus in one and 20 day-old chickens Influence of maternal antibodies on vaccination of chicks of different ages against infectious bronchitis virus Effect of removal of the Harderian gland in one day-old chicks on immunity following infectious bronchitis vaccination Study on the local effect of eye-drop vaccination against infectious bronchitis in one day-old chicks with maternal antibodies A study on the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins by the Harderian gland of fowl after eye-drop vaccination against infectious bronchitis at 1 day-old Comparison of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the haemagglutination-inhibition test and agar gel precipitation test for the detection of antibody against infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease in commercial broilers Immunopathogenesis of infection in SPF chicks and commercial broilers of a variant infectious bronchitis virus of economic importance Local antibody production in the oviduct and gut of hens infected with an enterotropic strain of infectious bronchitis virus An in-vitro comparison of the virulence of seven strains of infectious bronchitis virus using tracheal and oviduct organ cultures Protectotypic differentiation of avian infectious bronchitis viruses using an in-vitro challenge model Effect of T-cell suppression by cyclosporin on primary and persistent infections of infectious bronchitis virus in chickens Cross-reactive cellular immune responses in chickens vaccinated with live infectious bronchitis vaccine Effect of heterophil depletion by 5-fluorouracil on infectious bronchitis virus infection in chickens Swollen head syndrome associated with Escherichia coli and infectious bronchitis virus in the Central Valley of California The isolation and characterisation of six avian infectious bronchitis virus isolated in Morocco Experimental production of complicated chronic respiratory disease (air-sac disease) Cellular response of the respiratory tract of chickens to infection with Massachusetts 41 and Australian T infectious bronchitis viruses Variant serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from commercial layer and broiler chickens Attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus by cold adaptation Effects of infectious bursal disease on the responsiveness of the chickens to Mycoplasma synoviae, Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis Avian infectious bronchitis: demonstration of serum IgG and IgM neutralising antibody by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and mercaptoethanol reduction Local antibody responses to avian infectious bronchitis: virus neutralising antibody in tracheobronchial secretions Local immunity to avian infectious bronchitis virus in tracheal organ cultures Relationship of common avian pathogen antibody-titres in so-called chicken anaemia agent (CAA)-antibodypositive chicks to titers in CAA-antibody-negative chicks Comparison of serological tests for the measurement of primary immune response to avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccines A new strain of infectious bronchitis virus infecting domestic fowl in Great Britain The role of Escherichia coli in the cause of chronic respiratory disease and certain other poultry diseases Strategy of protection of the layer against infectious bronchitis virus Presence of viral antigens and antibody in the trachea of chickens infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus Chemical pathology of nephrosis induced by infectious bronchitis virus Infectious bronchitis virus strain differentiation attempts by cross-immunity studies in tracheal organ cultures derived from immunised chickens Evaluation of the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus Induction of chicken interferon by avian infectious bronchitis virus. Interferon induction by and sensitivity to interferon of IBV Interferon induction by several strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus, a corona virus, in chickens Comparison of the susceptibility to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection of two inbred lines of white leghorn chickens Interferon induction by avian infectious bronchitis virus Detection of viral antigen following exposure of one-day old chickens to the Holland-52 strain of infectious bronchitis virus Characterisation of an infectious bronchitis virus isolated from vaccinated broiler breeder flocks Electron microscope observations on the entry of avian infectious bronchitis virus into susceptible cells The effect of live infectious bronchitis vaccine on the course of infectious laryngotracheitis The susceptibility of chicken kidney and oviduct organ cultures to a vaccine strain of infectious bronchitis virus ) keywords: antibodies; antibody; avian; bronchitis; bronchitis virus; cells; chickens; chicks; days; dhinakar; disease; effect; et al; ibv; immunity; infection; jones; lesions; oviduct; protection; raj; response; strains; tracheal; vaccination; variant; virus cache: cord-304278-0qy1nngs.txt plain text: cord-304278-0qy1nngs.txt item: #799 of 1203 id: cord-304343-m7tbdfri author: Khandia, Rekha title: A Comprehensive Review of Autophagy and Its Various Roles in Infectious, Non-Infectious, and Lifestyle Diseases: Current Knowledge and Prospects for Disease Prevention, Novel Drug Design, and Therapy date: 2019-07-03 words: 20405 flesch: 25 summary: Autophagic degradation of inhibitor of apoptosis dBruce controls DNA fragmentation during late oogenesis in Drosophila Suppression of T cell autophagy results in decreased viability and function of T cells through accelerated apoptosis in a murine sepsis model Combination of TRAIL and Chal-24 synergistically induces autophagy-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer cells Induction of autophagy-dependent necroptosis is required for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells to overcome glucocorticoid resistance FADD and caspase-8 control the outcome of autophagic signaling in proliferating T cells Identification of small molecule inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and autophagy Fas-associated death domain (FADD) is a negative regulator of T-cell receptor-mediated necroptosis Caspase inhibition prevents tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis and promotes necrotic cell death in mouse hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro An ursolic acid derived small molecule triggers cancer cell death through hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis L929 cells depends on autocrine production of TNFα mediated by the PKC-MAPKs-AP-1 pathway The sirtuin family, therapeutic targets to treat diseases of aging Antineoplastic activity of the cytosolic FoxO1 results from autophagic cell death RIP3, a molecular switch for necrosis and inflammation Knockout of Atg5 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of DF-1 cells The autophagy machinery controls cell death switching between apoptosis and necroptosis Sorafenib-induced defective autophagy promotes cell death by necroptosis NAD+ depletion triggers macrophage necroptosis, a cell death pathway exploited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, PARP1, modifies EZH2 and inhibits EZH2 histone methyltransferase activity after DNA damage Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha AMP-activated protein kinase, an emerging drug target to regulate imbalances in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism to treat cardio-metabolic diseases Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1/2 in the regulation of autophagy: Cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks ATM signals to TSC2 in the cytoplasm to regulate mTORC1 in response to ROS Autophagy recognizes intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in damaged vacuoles Listeria monocytogenes ActA is a key player in evading autophagic recognition Interactions between Shigella flexneri and the autophagy machinery NOD proteins: Regulators of inflammation in health and disease Similarly, components were found to be degraded by autophagy during developmental apoptosis [185] , whilst it was recently shown that inhibiting autophagy increased apoptosis and accelerated mortality in murine sepsis models with inadequate autophagy pathways in CD4 + T cells, indicating that autophagy has a functional role against apoptosis and immunosuppression in T cells in sepsis [186] . keywords: accumulation; activation; apoptosis; atg5; autophagosome; autophagy; beclin; cancer; cells; complex; death; degradation; disease; expression; formation; genes; human; immunity; infection; inhibit; intracellular; iron; lc3; levels; lysosomal; lysosome; mechanisms; membrane; mice; mtor; novel; pathway; promote; protein; rapamycin; replication; response; role; starvation; stress; tumor; virus cache: cord-304343-m7tbdfri.txt plain text: cord-304343-m7tbdfri.txt item: #800 of 1203 id: cord-304424-048xo7jn author: Greninger, Alexander L. title: A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough date: 2018-01-15 words: 9614 flesch: 26 summary: Mining of publicly available transcriptome data has contributed greatly to the discovery of novel RNA viruses (Basler et al., 2005; Schomacker et al., 2004) . The greatest paradigm shifter in recent viral metagenomics work has been the sheer number and diversity of novel RNA viruses present in arthropods and invertebrates. keywords: analysis; bats; detection; discovery; diversity; dna; et al; evolution; genome; greninger; host; human; identification; library; metagenomics; new; novel; number; preparation; protein; rna; rna viruses; sequence; sequencing; shi et; species; viruses cache: cord-304424-048xo7jn.txt plain text: cord-304424-048xo7jn.txt item: #801 of 1203 id: cord-304481-yqc8r3ll author: Luis, Angela D. title: Network analysis of host–virus communities in bats and rodents reveals determinants of cross‐species transmission date: 2015-08-24 words: 5997 flesch: 46 summary: Assortativity in bats was significant, suggesting that bat species with high degree tend to interact with other bat species of high degree (and low degree with low degree), but there is no evidence of this in rodents (Table 1) . bat species with distributions that overlap with a greater number of other bat species, and particularly those which are gregarious, will have greater interspecific contacts and chance for cross-species transmission. keywords: bats; degree; et al; host; network; number; rodents; species; transmission; viruses cache: cord-304481-yqc8r3ll.txt plain text: cord-304481-yqc8r3ll.txt item: #802 of 1203 id: cord-304498-ty41xob0 author: Denison, Mark R title: Coronaviruses: An RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity date: 2011-03-01 words: 7361 flesch: 26 summary: This review will discuss the role of RNA replication fidelity in RNA virus replication and pathogenesis, and will focus on a novel exoribonuclease universally encoded within CoV genomes that likely mediates RNA-dependent RNA proofreading during virus replication. key: cord-304498-ty41xob0 authors: Denison, Mark R; Graham, Rachel L; Donaldson, Eric F; Eckerle, Lance D; Baric, Ralph S title: Coronaviruses: An RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity date: 2011-03-01 journal: RNA Biology DOI: 10.4161/rna.8.2.15013 sha: doc_id: 304498 cord_uid: ty41xob0 In order to survive and propagate, RNA viruses must achieve a balance between the capacity for adaptation to new environmental conditions or host cells with the need to maintain an intact and replication competent genome. keywords: activity; coronavirus; cov; covs; diversity; exon; fidelity; genome; mutation; nsp14; pathogenesis; replication; rna; sars; virus; viruses cache: cord-304498-ty41xob0.txt plain text: cord-304498-ty41xob0.txt item: #803 of 1203 id: cord-304569-o39kl5k4 author: Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S title: From the Editor's desk date: 2015-04-23 words: 1211 flesch: 39 summary: Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data Oseltamivir for influenza in adults and children: systematic review of clinical study reports and summary of regulatory comments Oseltamivir treatment for influenza in adults: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials Effectiveness of H1N1 vaccine for the prevention of pandemic influenza in Scotland, UK: a retrospective observational cohort study Effects of vaccine program against pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus, United States Pandemic influenza viruses--hoping for the road not taken Avian influenza A H10N8--a virus on the verge? Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus MERS-CoV outbreak in Jeddah -a link to health care facilities Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Transmission of MERScoronavirus in household contacts High frequency of enterovirus D68 in children hospitalised with respiratory illness in Norway Low effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care in the United Kingdom: 2014/15 mid-season results Excess mortality among the elderly in European countries Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement In amongst this mix are real issues pertaining to the ongoing controversy about the effectiveness of antiviral drugs, [1] [2] [3] ; and the fact that current vaccine manufacturing platforms can only offer commercial quantities of pandemic vaccine some four to 6 months after a novel virus has emerged, thus substantially reducing the overall public health benefits, even though vaccines themselves are effective. keywords: influenza; pandemic; peer; review cache: cord-304569-o39kl5k4.txt plain text: cord-304569-o39kl5k4.txt item: #804 of 1203 id: cord-304747-ojyxs3cp author: Gaynor, Anne M title: Identification of a Novel Polyomavirus from Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections date: 2007-05-04 words: 6679 flesch: 47 summary: Detection of WU virus sequences in these patients is merely the first step in assessing the potential etiologic role of WU virus in acute respiratory tract disease. We subsequently sequenced the entire virus genome of 5,229 bp, henceforth referred to as WU virus, and found it to have genomic features characteristic of the family Polyomaviridae. keywords: analysis; patients; polyomaviruses; respiratory; samples; sequence; specimens; sv40; tract; virus cache: cord-304747-ojyxs3cp.txt plain text: cord-304747-ojyxs3cp.txt item: #805 of 1203 id: cord-304807-j2k1oel2 author: Herrera-Rodriguez, José title: Inactivated or damaged? Comparing the effect of inactivation methods on influenza virions to optimize vaccine production date: 2019-03-14 words: 5764 flesch: 38 summary: The first step in the production process is virus inactivation with β-propiolactone (BPL) or formaldehyde (FA). For all the other types of vaccines derived from whole viral particles, a crucial step in production is virus inactivation. keywords: ability; bpl; concentration; fusion; inactivation; incubation; influenza; strains; vaccine; virus cache: cord-304807-j2k1oel2.txt plain text: cord-304807-j2k1oel2.txt item: #806 of 1203 id: cord-304850-9xetsc2c author: Drosten, Christian title: Virus ecology: a gap between detection and prediction date: 2013-05-22 words: 1501 flesch: 41 summary: Emerging Microbes and Infections A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats The neuraminidase of bat influenza viruses is not a neuraminidase Host species barriers to influenza virus infections Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses Novel potentially-zoonotic paramyxoviruses from the African straw-colored fruit bat, Eidolon helvum Measles eradication: past is prologue Characterization of a canine homolog of hepatitis C virus Serology-enabled discovery of genetically diverse hepaciviruses in a new host Infectious diseases in primitive societies Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia Human betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012-related viruses in bats, Ghana and Europe What links bats to emerging infectious diseases? Crossing the line: selection and evolution of virulence traits Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human infection Amplification of emerging viruses in a bat colony Canine hepacivirus NS3 serine protease can cleave the human adaptor proteins MAVS and TRIF Viral immune modulators perturb the human molecular network by common and unique strategies The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany's national research council) has established a priority program on ecology and species barriers in emerging viral diseases (coordinator's grant to Christian Drosten, DR 772/10-1). key: cord-304850-9xetsc2c authors: Drosten, Christian title: Virus ecology: a gap between detection and prediction date: 2013-05-22 journal: Emerg Microbes Infect DOI: 10.1038/emi.2013.25 sha: doc_id: 304850 cord_uid: 9xetsc2c nan Virologists have been surprised by a recent report that has changed our long-standing conception of the ecology of influenza viruses. keywords: bat; bats; host; human; viruses cache: cord-304850-9xetsc2c.txt plain text: cord-304850-9xetsc2c.txt item: #807 of 1203 id: cord-304876-txaoz7oh author: Jordan, Paul C title: Nucleosides for the treatment of respiratory RNA virus infections date: 2018-03-21 words: 11008 flesch: 38 summary: In this review, we summarized the exciting advances in discovery and development of novel nucleoside analogs as potential new treatments for respiratory RNA virus infections. Despite these challenges, the prospect of developing nucleoside analogs directed against respiratory RNA virus infections represents an exciting new avenue in antiviral research. keywords: activity; analogs; cov; domain; gs-5734; human; infection; influenza; nucleoside; polymerase; protein; replication; ribavirin; rna; rna polymerase; rsv; structure; synthesis; t-705; treatment; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-304876-txaoz7oh.txt plain text: cord-304876-txaoz7oh.txt item: #808 of 1203 id: cord-305165-3twlnkac author: Bourgueil, E. title: Experimental infection of pigs with the porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV): measure of viral excretion date: 1992-04-30 words: 2334 flesch: 49 summary: The survival of some airborne animal viruses in relation to relative humidity Experimental Aujeszky's disease in pigs: excretion, survival and transmission of the virus A cyclone separator for aerosol sampling in the feld Differenciation of porcine coronavirus from transmissible gastroenteritis virus Un nouveau coronavirus porcin Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihenversuche Caract6risation antig6nique du coronavirus respiratoire porcin ~ l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux dirig6s contre le virus de la gastroent6rite transmissible Pathogenicity of experimental infection with pneumotropic porcine coronavirus Isolation of a porcine respiratory, non enteric coronavirus related to transmissible gastroenteritis Porcine respiratory coronavirus differs from transmissible gastroenteritis virus by a few genomic deletions Aerosol sampling in pig housing Survival of airborne influenza virus: effects of propagating host, relative humidity, and composition of spray fluids Survival of pseudorabies virus in aerosol Airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus Efficient medium for impingement and storage of enveloped viruses Technique de recherche sur microplaques des anticorps neutralisant le virus de la Gastroent6rite Airborne virus could be recovered from day 1 to day 6 post-infection in the cyclone sampler as well as in petri dishes placed in the same loose-box. keywords: infection; medium; pigs; virus cache: cord-305165-3twlnkac.txt plain text: cord-305165-3twlnkac.txt item: #809 of 1203 id: cord-305263-fgwf6wy3 author: Wang, Ben X. title: The yin and yang of viruses and interferons date: 2012-02-07 words: 6295 flesch: 31 summary: Remarkably, distinct highly pathogenic respiratory viruses, namely influenza viruses and the SARS-CoV, encode nonstructural proteins in their genomes that function as virulence factors that specifically target the host innate IFN response, further emphasizing the importance of IFNs as broad-spectrum antivirals. IFN therapy therefore has the advantage over DAA treatments in that, in addition to stimulating genes that block viral replication in infected cells, IFNs activate other innate and adaptive immune responses to combat the virus. Polymorphisms in genes encoding factors involved in different stages of the IFN response can lead to marked differences in susceptibility to virus infection and severity of disease, and can also serve as predictive markers for the outcome of IFN treatment. keywords: activation; cells; expression; hcv; ifn; ifns; infection; interferon; protein; response; sars; therapy; treatment; virus cache: cord-305263-fgwf6wy3.txt plain text: cord-305263-fgwf6wy3.txt item: #810 of 1203 id: cord-305302-go87uu06 author: Gessain, Antoine title: Editorial overview: Emerging viruses: interspecies transmission date: 2015-02-28 words: 2484 flesch: 38 summary: Interspecies transmission is also considered as a first step in plant virus emergence. As Marilyn Roossinck and Fernando García-Arenal review here, the few recent studies available point to a role of ecosystem simplification in plant virus emergence. keywords: emergence; host; human; plant; species; transmission; viruses cache: cord-305302-go87uu06.txt plain text: cord-305302-go87uu06.txt item: #811 of 1203 id: cord-305327-hayhbs5u author: Gonzalez, Jean-Paul title: Global Spread of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Predicting Pandemics date: 2017-09-19 words: 10217 flesch: 34 summary: The smallpox pandemic of Smallpox: 12,000 years from plagues to eradication: a dermatologic ailment shaping the face of society Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21st century SARS: an emerging global microbial threat Predicting epidemic risk from past temporal contact data Ebola control: effect of asymptomatic infection and acquired immunity Shedding of Ebola virus in an asymptomatic pregnant woman Understanding the emergence of Ebola virus disease in sierra leone: stalking the virus in the threatening wake of emergence Perspectives on West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak Aedes alpobictus and the world trade in used tires, 1988-1995: the shape of things to come? Men, primates, and germs: an ongoing affair Seewis virus: phylogeography of a Shrew-Borne hantavirus in Siberia Coevolution of rodent and viruses: arenaviruses and hantaviruses The arenavirus and rodent coevolution process: a global view of a theory Bats worldwide carry hepatitis E virus-related viruses that form a putative novel genus within the family Hepeviridae VHF such as Ebola Virus Disease, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, or Marburg virus disease are highly contagious and deadly diseases, with potential to become pandemics. keywords: africa; data; dengue; disease; ebola; emergence; epidemic; factors; fever; health; host; human; outbreak; pandemic; pathogen; population; risk; spread; time; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt plain text: cord-305327-hayhbs5u.txt item: #812 of 1203 id: cord-305336-wxiazglk author: Li, Ji Lian title: Systemic Spread and Propagation of a Plant-Pathogenic Virus in European Honeybees, Apis mellifera date: 2014-01-21 words: 6929 flesch: 43 summary: RNA viruses have extremely high mutation rates and thus represent a significant source of these infectious diseases. Among major pathogen groups, RNA viruses have the highest rate of mutation, because the virus-encoded RNA polymerases lack 3=¡5= exonuclease proofreading activity (29) . keywords: analysis; bee; colonies; honeybees; host; infection; mites; pcr; plant; pollen; rna; study; tissues; trsv; varroa; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-305336-wxiazglk.txt plain text: cord-305336-wxiazglk.txt item: #813 of 1203 id: cord-305488-vk59ghjm author: Choi, Kang-Seuk title: Newcastle disease virus vectored vaccines as bivalent or antigen delivery vaccines date: 2017-07-26 words: 4853 flesch: 43 summary: Therapeutic potential of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus: a critical review Newcastle disease: evolution of genotypes and the related diagnostic challenges Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector for development of human and veterinary vaccines Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding Genome replication of Newcastle disease virus: involvement of the rule-of-six Newcastle disease virus V protein is a determinant of host range restriction Recombinant Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector Rescue of Newcastle disease virus from cloned cDNA: evidence that cleavability of the fusion protein is a major determinant for virulence Generation of recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus from cDNA High-level expression of a foreign gene from the most 3'-proximal locus of a recombinant Newcastle disease virus Optimization of human immunodeficiency virus Gag expression by Newcastle disease virus vectors for the induction of potent immune responses P and M gene junction is the optimal insertion site in Newcastle disease virus vaccine vector for foreign gene expression Newcastle disease and related avian paramyxoviruses Immunization of cattle with recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) To control ND, poultry flocks are subjected to prophylactic vaccination with live attenuated and/or killed NDV vaccines [5] . keywords: chickens; disease; human; live; ndv; newcastle; poultry; protein; vaccines; vector; virus cache: cord-305488-vk59ghjm.txt plain text: cord-305488-vk59ghjm.txt item: #814 of 1203 id: cord-305742-wf6qxplf author: Gomez, Santiago A. title: Binding of SARS–CoV–2 to cell receptors: a tale of molecular evolution date: 2020-09-28 words: 3460 flesch: 48 summary: Accordingly, aiming at understanding the fundamental forces driving the attachment of RBD(S) to host cells, virus· · · cell bonding interactions were dissected following these steps: 1. cell bonding interactions than reoptimizing the isolated pairs), and (a) Computed accurate interaction energies using highly correlated domain based local pair-natural orbital coupled-cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVDZ) single point energy calculations [41, 42] on the dimers and in the monomers. keywords: binding; cell; hydrogen; interactions; rbd(s; receptor; residue; sars; virus cache: cord-305742-wf6qxplf.txt plain text: cord-305742-wf6qxplf.txt item: #815 of 1203 id: cord-305807-n3fs7533 author: Ferreira, T B title: Use of adenoviral vectors as veterinary vaccines date: 2005-10-18 words: 8480 flesch: 31 summary: Applications of pox virus vectors to vaccination: an update Risk of aseptic meningitis after measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine in UK children Laboratory tests for live attenuated poliovirus vaccines Recombinant viral vector vaccines for the veterinary use The application of nucleic acid vaccines in veterinary medicine DNA-antiviral vaccines: new developments and approaches -a review Novel viral vaccines for livestock Bacterial ghosts as vaccine candidates for veterinary applications SV40 in adenovirus vaccines and adenovirus-SV40 recombinants Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5 The Vaccine Book Recombinant adenoviruses as vaccines Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte target proteins and their major histocompatibility complex class I restriction in response to adenovirus vectors delivered to mouse liver Role of viral antigens in destructive cellular immune responses to adenovirus vector-transduced cells in mouse lungs Detailed analysis of the CD8+ T-cell response following adenovirus vaccination Update on adenovirus and its vectors Adenoviruses as vectors for delivering vaccines to mucosal surfaces Adenovirus vectors as recombinant viral vaccines Packaging capacity and stability of human adenovirus type 5 vectors Frequency and stability of chromosomal integration of adenovirus vectors Production of first generation adenovirus vectors: a review Development and optimization of an adenovirus production process A single short stretch of homology between adenoviral vector and packaging cell line can give rise to cytopathic effect-inducing, helper-dependent E1-positive particles Adenoviral vectors for gene transfer and therapy Mucosal immunization with recombinant adenoviruses: induction of immunity and protection of cotton rats against respiratory bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection Vaccination of puppies born to immune dams with a canine adenovirus-based vaccine protects against a canine distemper virus challenge The effect of pre-existing adenovirus-specific immunity on immune responses induced by recombinant adenovirus expressing glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus type 1 The immunogenicity and efficacy of replicationdefective and replication-competent bovine adenovirus-3 expressing bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein gD in cattle Canine adenovirus type 2 attachment and internalization: coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor, alternative receptors, and an RGD-independent pathway Fowl adenovirus recombinant expressing VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus induces protective immunity against bursal disease Vaccination of pigs with a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the gD gene from pseudorabies virus A recombinant E1-deleted porcine adenovirus-3 as an expression vector A proposal for a new (third) genus within the family Adenoviridae FIV vaccine development and its importance to veterinary and human medicine: a review FIV vaccine 2002 update and review Immunization trial of cats with a replicationdefective adenovirus type 5 expressing the ENV gene of feline immunodeficiency virus Morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity specific for hemagglutinin (H) protein of canine distemper virus in dogs Immunogenicity of an E1-deleted recombinant human adenovirus against rabies by different routes of administration A replication-defective human adenovirus recombinant serves as a highly efficacious vaccine carrier Adult dogs receiving a rabies booster dose with a recombinant adenovirus expressing rabies virus glycoprotein develop high titers of neutralizing antibodies The use of an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein for early vaccination of mice against rabies virus A recombinant fowl adenovirus expressing the S1 gene of infectious bronchitis virus protects against challenge with infectious bronchitis virus Research on infectious bursal disease -the past, the present and the future Classical swine fever -an Vaccination against AJD is widely practised with live attenuated or killed whole virus vaccines. keywords: adenovirus; animal; cell; disease; human; pigs; production; protein; recombinant; replication; response; swine; type; use; vaccination; vaccines; vectors; virus cache: cord-305807-n3fs7533.txt plain text: cord-305807-n3fs7533.txt item: #816 of 1203 id: cord-306083-juysx6yo author: Choe, Young June title: Co-seasonality and co-detection of respiratory viruses and bacteraemia in children: a retrospective analysis date: 2020-09-10 words: 1750 flesch: 37 summary: Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, populationbased surveillance Global epidemiology of non-influenza RNA respiratory viruses: data gaps and a growing need for surveillance Seasonal invasive pneumococcal disease in children: role of preceding respiratory viral infection Patterns of shedding of myxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in children Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review STL: a seasonal-trend decomposition procedure based on loess Seasonality of infectious diseases Influenza virus infection and the risk of serious bacterial infections in young febrile infants Clinical characteristics of children and adults hospitalized for influenza virus infection Prevalence of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection Bacteraemia and antibiotic use in respiratory syncytial virus infections Secondary bacteremia following adenovirus infection Modulation of Host Immunity by the Human Metapneumovirus key: cord-306083-juysx6yo authors: Choe, Young June; Park, Sangshin; Michelow, Ian C. title: Co-seasonality and co-detection of respiratory viruses and bacteraemia in children: a retrospective analysis date: 2020-09-10 journal: Clin Microbiol Infect DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.09.006 sha: doc_id: 306083 cord_uid: juysx6yo OBJECTIVES: keywords: bacteraemia; children; influenza; viruses cache: cord-306083-juysx6yo.txt plain text: cord-306083-juysx6yo.txt item: #817 of 1203 id: cord-306424-gf0bglm0 author: Scutigliani, Enzo Maxim title: Interaction of the innate immune system with positive-strand RNA virus replication organelles date: 2017-06-27 words: 8337 flesch: 30 summary: Therefore, detection of viral RNA and the subsequent induction of antiviral effector mechanisms play an important part in the onset of an antiviral state in the context of RNA virus infections. ROs are therefore believed to have a dual role in +RNA virus infection and innate immune evasion, which will be elaborated on further in this review. keywords: antiviral; host; ifn; inducible; infection; innate; lc3; membrane; protein; replication; rna; role; ros; signaling; virus; viruses cache: cord-306424-gf0bglm0.txt plain text: cord-306424-gf0bglm0.txt item: #818 of 1203 id: cord-306733-df36w6l7 author: Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio title: What Does Plant-Based Vaccine Technology Offer to the Fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-04-14 words: 8607 flesch: 34 summary: Another approach to express heterologous protein in plants relies on the use of viral-based vectors, which exploit the efficient promoters, UTRs, and DNA/RNA replication mechanisms found in plant viruses. A recent review revealed that at least 97 vaccine candidates have been developed based on plant viruses covering infectious agents, cancer, and autoimmune disorders [78] . keywords: antigen; approach; cells; coronavirus; cov-1; covid-19; development; expression; immune; mice; plant; production; protein; sars; vaccines; virus; vlps cache: cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt plain text: cord-306733-df36w6l7.txt item: #819 of 1203 id: cord-306948-wkisfz1m author: Han, Mingyuan title: Engineering the PRRS virus genome: Updates and perspectives date: 2014-12-05 words: 9532 flesch: 32 summary: The coding sequences in the viral genome are flanked by the 5 0 and 3 0 un-translated regions (UTRs) involved in translation, replication, and transcription (see review in Snijder et al., 2013) . The fusion of the common 5 0 sequence (leader TRS) to the different 3 0 -body segments of sg mRNAs is mediated by discontinuous transcription which is a common strategy of nidoviruses (Sawicki et al., 2007; Snijder et al., 2013; Sola et al., 2011) . keywords: clones; deletion; et al; gene; genome; genotype; nsp2; porcine; protein; prrsv; regions; replication; rna; sequence; syndrome; syndrome virus; virus; viruses cache: cord-306948-wkisfz1m.txt plain text: cord-306948-wkisfz1m.txt item: #820 of 1203 id: cord-306983-6w2fvtfy author: Wang, Siye title: Influenza Virus—Cytokine-Protease Cycle in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Hyperpermeability in Severe Influenza date: 2010-10-01 words: 3817 flesch: 34 summary: A possible activator of the viral fusion glycoprotein Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment Trypsin action on the growth of Sendai virus in tissue culture cells: structural difference of Sendai viruses grown in eggs and tissue culture cells Identification of biological activity of paramyxovirus glycoprotein: activation of cell fusion, hemolysis and infectivity by proteolytic cleavage of an inactive precursor protein of Sendai virus The molecular of influenza virus pathogenicity Proteases essential for human influenza virus entry into cells and their inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses Human matrix metalloproteinase-9: activation by limited trypsin treatment and generation of monoclonal antibodies specific for the activated form Dystroglycan is selectively cleaved at the parenchymal basement membrane at sites of leukocyte extravasation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Basement membrane and matrix metalloproteinases in monocrotaline-induced liver injury Neuropathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice Persistence of viral RNA in the brain of offspring to mice infected with influenza A/WSN/33 virus during pregnancy Treatment with inhibitors of the NF-kB pathway improves whole body tension development in the mdx mouse These findings suggest that cytokines upregulate trypsin in vascular endothelial cells and that secreted trypsin plays an (original magnification, ϫ200) . keywords: brain; cells; cytokines; figure; human; infection; influenza; tnf; trypsin; vascular; virus cache: cord-306983-6w2fvtfy.txt plain text: cord-306983-6w2fvtfy.txt item: #821 of 1203 id: cord-307046-ko3bdvo0 author: Vasilakis, Nikos title: Exploiting the Legacy of the Arbovirus Hunters date: 2019-05-23 words: 17752 flesch: 39 summary: In contrast, current search methods for new viruses, which generally use metagenomics and other sophisticated genetic techniques to detect novel viral agents, do not usually yield live viruses, only their nucleotide sequences. New viruses, Tamdy (TAMV) and Burana (BURV), were isolated from Hyalomma spp. keywords: africa; analysis; arboviruses; australia; bats; central; characterization; colleagues; dengue; discovery; disease; encephalitis; encephalitis virus; epidemic; family; fever; fever virus; flavivirus; genome; genus; group; human; identification; infection; institute; isolation; laboratory; mosquitoes; new; ngs; novel; research; river; rna; sequence; south; species; studies; study; ticks; ussr; virus; viruses cache: cord-307046-ko3bdvo0.txt plain text: cord-307046-ko3bdvo0.txt item: #822 of 1203 id: cord-307364-j86t65qu author: Uccellini, Lorenzo title: Identification of a novel nidovirus in an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in ball pythons (Python regius) date: 2014-08-08 words: 1925 flesch: 39 summary: Total nucleic acids were extracted from snake samples (lung and spleen for snake 1, lung, spleen and esophagus for snake 2, spleen and liver for snake 3, lung and trachea for snake 4) using the EasyMag (bioMérieux, Inc.) platform; Samples from snakes 1 and 2 were depleted of ribosomal RNA (Ribo-Zero™ rRNA Removal, Epibio) and treated with DNAse I (TURBO DNA-free™, Ambion). In situ hybridization confirmed the presence of intracellular, intracytoplasmic viral nucleic acids in the lungs of infected snakes. keywords: analysis; ball; disease; lung; nidovirus; python; snakes cache: cord-307364-j86t65qu.txt plain text: cord-307364-j86t65qu.txt item: #823 of 1203 id: cord-307632-x9bxnrtn author: Wu, Zhiqiang title: Comparative analysis of rodent and small mammal viromes to better understand the wildlife origin of emerging infectious diseases date: 2018-10-03 words: 7235 flesch: 46 summary: Recent reports of rodent viruses have enabled new hypotheses regarding the evolution of hepaciviruses and the origin of coronaviruses (CoVs) and picornaviruses (PicoVs) such as hepatitis A virus [26] We identified diverse HVs and AreVs located in different phylogenetic positions that indicate the presence of novel viruses in new hosts such as Caryomys eva (RtCe-HV/NX2015), Eothenomys melanogaster (RtCl-HV/ GZ2015), and Dipus sagitta (RtDs-HV/IM2014 and RtDs-AreV/IM2014). keywords: china; families; family; figure; file; hosts; identity; novel; reads; rodent; samples; sequence; species; table; viral; viruses cache: cord-307632-x9bxnrtn.txt plain text: cord-307632-x9bxnrtn.txt item: #824 of 1203 id: cord-307744-wbr84taq author: Jayadevan, Rajeev title: Does a younger host make the virus weaker? Presenting a new hypothesis date: 2020-09-13 words: 575 flesch: 63 summary: CONCLUSIONS: Viruses become more virulent when it passes through weaker and older hosts. Virus become more virulent as it passes through weaker hosts and vice versa. keywords: host; virus cache: cord-307744-wbr84taq.txt plain text: cord-307744-wbr84taq.txt item: #825 of 1203 id: cord-307813-elom30nx author: Yip, Tsz-Fung title: Advancements in Host-Based Interventions for Influenza Treatment date: 2018-07-10 words: 15110 flesch: 27 summary: Life-threatening influenza and impaired interferon amplification in human IRF7 deficiency Disease-promoting effects of type I interferons in viral, bacterial, and coinfections Protection from lethal influenza virus challenge by oral type 1 interferon Low-dose oral interferon alpha as prophylaxis against viral respiratory illness: a double-blind, parallel controlled trial during an influenza pandemic year IFNlambda is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNalpha treatment Pathogenic potential of interferon alphabeta in acute influenza infection The superiority of IFN-lambda as a therapeutic candidate to control acute influenza viral lung infection Type I interferon induction during influenza virus infection increases susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by negative regulation of gammadelta T cells Interferon-lambda mediates non-redundant front-line antiviral protection against influenza virus infection without compromising host fitness RIG-I activation protects and rescues from lethal influenza virus infection and bacterial superinfection Antiviral effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor on H5N1 infection in vitro Avian influenza A H7N9 virus induces severe pneumonia in mice without prior adaptation and responds to a combination of zanamivir and COX-2 inhibitor Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in H5N1 viral pathogenesis and the potential use of its inhibitors Targeted prostaglandin E2 inhibition enhances antiviral immunity through induction of type I interferon and apoptosis in macrophages Modified Jiu Wei Qiang Huo decoction improves dysfunctional metabolomics in influenza A pneumoniainfected mice Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation Cutting edge: There is an urgent need to search for alternative targets to treat influenza virus infections, including non-viral targets such as host cellular factors; which are promising as viruses rely on the host machinery for replication. keywords: addition; antiviral; cells; complex; drug; export; host; human; iav; immune; infected; infection; influenza; inhibitor; lung; membrane; mice; nuclear; production; protein; replication; role; treatment; type; viral; virus; viruses; vitro; vrnp cache: cord-307813-elom30nx.txt plain text: cord-307813-elom30nx.txt item: #826 of 1203 id: cord-307817-2vy28i4m author: Lou, Zhiyong title: Current progress in antiviral strategies date: 2014-01-14 words: 7596 flesch: 32 summary: This review will highlight recent achievements in antiviral development and discuss various strategies for preventing virus attachment and entry into the host cell, as well as strategies for preventing virus replication and transcription within the host cell. Throughout the life cycle of a negative sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus, the genome length RNA is encapsidated by a virally encoded nucleoprotein (NP), instead of a naked RNA, and associated with RdRp (polymerase complex) to form a stable ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which is responsible for virus replication, transcription, and assembly keywords: activity; binding; complex; function; fusion; hcv; hiv; host; infection; influenza; inhibitors; protein; replication; rna; structure; virus; viruses cache: cord-307817-2vy28i4m.txt plain text: cord-307817-2vy28i4m.txt item: #827 of 1203 id: cord-307893-mvl0wrsj author: Goulter-Thorsen, R.M. title: Disciplines Associated with Food Safety: Food Virology date: 2014-01-13 words: 4998 flesch: 42 summary: With availability of such a method, or in its absence, availability of better cultivable surrogates or more sensitive detection methods for complex sample matrices, scientists would be able to tackle the challenges associated with trying to control foodborne viruses. Particularly important was the nucleic acid amplification method polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was readily adapted to the detection of RNA viruses by preceding PCR with a reverse transcription (RT) step, hence the designation RT-PCR. keywords: cause; detection; disease; enteric; foodborne; foods; hav; human; hunov; outbreaks; viruses cache: cord-307893-mvl0wrsj.txt plain text: cord-307893-mvl0wrsj.txt item: #828 of 1203 id: cord-307899-427a7i3h author: BITTLE, JAMES L. title: Vaccines Produced by Conventional Means to Control Major Infectious Diseases of Man and Animals date: 1989-12-31 words: 17484 flesch: 47 summary: This stems from concern over possible persistence and oncogenicity of vaccine viruses. A large number of different attenuated live-virus HC vaccines with different characteristics have been used over the years, but residual pathogenicity, shedding, and spread of vaccine viruses have remained problems. keywords: animals; antibodies; antibody; bacterium; bovine; canine; cattle; cause; cell; control; culture; disease; dogs; et al; formalin; humans; immunity; immunization; infection; live; man; protection; species; strain; swine; type; vaccine; virus; virus vaccines; viruses cache: cord-307899-427a7i3h.txt plain text: cord-307899-427a7i3h.txt item: #829 of 1203 id: cord-307918-8y89p11a author: Onyango, Clayton O. title: Influenza Surveillance Among Children With Pneumonia Admitted to a District Hospital in Coastal Kenya, 2007–2010 date: 2012-12-15 words: 3681 flesch: 40 summary: The prevalence of influenza virus of any type was 4.9% (99 of 2002 cases) among inpatients; 4.7% (76 of 1615) had severe pneumonia, and 5.9% (23 of 387) had very severe pneumonia (P = .299). Among outpatients, the prevalence of influenza virus of any type was 3.9% (13 of 331) among those with URTI and 0.5% (1 of 196) among those with non-ARI. keywords: age; cases; children; hospital; incidence; infection; influenza; pneumonia; virus cache: cord-307918-8y89p11a.txt plain text: cord-307918-8y89p11a.txt item: #830 of 1203 id: cord-308066-lrbi5198 author: Childs, James E. title: Pre-spillover Prevention of Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: What Are the Targets and What Are the Tools? date: 2007 words: 15706 flesch: 21 summary: In a matter of weeks, investigators confirmed the disease was clinically distinct from Eurasian disease (Moolenaar et al. 1995) , that the etiologic agent was a new Hantavirus , Sin Nombre virus (Nichol et al. 1993) , and the reservoir host (H R ; for definition of terminology see the chapter by Childs et al., this volume) was a species of New World rodent, Peromyscus maniculatus (Childs et al. 1994) . For example, the H R s for influenza A subtype H5NI are among wild waterfowl and shorebirds, and perhaps other avian types, although, domestic chickens and other poultry serve as both the first secondary host (H S1 ) or intermediate host (H I )(see the chapter by Childs et al., this volume, for description of terms) and can develop as a novel H R (see the chapter by Webby et al., this volume). keywords: animal; chapter; control; culling; data; disease; et al; h5n1; health; human; infection; influenza; new; outbreak; population; prevention; public; rabies; risk; sars; species; spread; states; surveillance; system; transmission; united; vaccine; virus; viruses; volume; wildlife; zoonotic cache: cord-308066-lrbi5198.txt plain text: cord-308066-lrbi5198.txt item: #831 of 1203 id: cord-308201-lavcsqov author: Desforges, Marc title: Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System? date: 2019-12-20 words: 8478 flesch: 27 summary: These criteria certainly represent a pertinent tool to evaluate the involvement of human respiratory viruses as a factor that could influence long-term human neurological diseases. Nevertheless, our data suggest that HCoV-OC43 may also invade the CNS from the external environment through other pathways involving other cranial peripheral nerves [269] , reminiscent of what was shown for other human respiratory viruses such as RSV and influenza virus [8] . keywords: acute; cns; coronavirus; diseases; encephalitis; hcov; human; infection; influenza; mice; oc43; patients; respiratory; syndrome; system; term; tract; viruses cache: cord-308201-lavcsqov.txt plain text: cord-308201-lavcsqov.txt item: #832 of 1203 id: cord-308385-bcph664h author: Yan, Zishuo title: Modeling COVID-19 infection in a confined space date: 2020-07-15 words: 3544 flesch: 53 summary: With the increase of virus concentration in the body, the epidemic symptoms like coughing is turning obvious, so the releasing of the virus to the environment is getting fast. The diffusion and decay of virus concentration in the environment is modeled by the following reactions Since the coronavirus can survive in the air for almost 3 hours keywords: concentration; fig; infection; model; people; rate; virus cache: cord-308385-bcph664h.txt plain text: cord-308385-bcph664h.txt item: #833 of 1203 id: cord-308686-tbwecf7o author: Mortamet, G. title: Étude prospective de l’écologie virale hivernale dans un service de réanimation pédiatrique date: 2015-04-30 words: 2234 flesch: 48 summary: Par exemple, après une intervention chirurgicale, la fièvre n'est pas nécessairement liée à une infection post-opératoire, mais pourrait être le signe d'une infection virale chez un patient sans symptômes respiratoires à l'admission. key: cord-308686-tbwecf7o authors: Mortamet, G.; Morello, R.; Jokic, M.; Vabret, A.; Leroux, M.; Brouard, J.; Dina, J. title: Étude prospective de l’écologie virale hivernale dans un service de réanimation pédiatrique date: 2015-04-30 journal: Archives de Pédiatrie DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2014.10.025 sha: doc_id: 308686 cord_uid: tbwecf7o Résumé Le but de cette étude prospective était d’évaluer l’épidémiologie des virus respiratoires chez les enfants hospitalisés dans une unité de réanimation et de soins continus pédiatriques pendant 3 mois d’hiver, en 2012–2013. keywords: dans; des; enfants; infections; les; respiratoires; virus; été cache: cord-308686-tbwecf7o.txt plain text: cord-308686-tbwecf7o.txt item: #834 of 1203 id: cord-308857-otsrexqu author: Goel, Saurav title: Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges such as Coronavirus Pandemic date: 2020-05-28 words: 10617 flesch: 43 summary: Antibodies help prevent future infections by detecting the virus and binding to their surfaces signalling the body's immune system to destroy such viruses or virus-infected cells. PSS organic electrochemical transistors for chemical and biological sensors: a mini review COVID-19: A Risk Assessment Perspective Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes Anti-HIV drug repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation Fast Identification of Possible Drug Treatment of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) through Computational Drug Repurposing Study Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals COVID-19: keywords: coatings; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; detection; disease; drug; figure; infection; line; manufacturing; masks; material; nanoparticles; new; pandemic; patients; people; research; sars; surface; test; use; virus; viruses cache: cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt plain text: cord-308857-otsrexqu.txt item: #835 of 1203 id: cord-309048-emmtplv3 author: Lomonossoff, George P. title: TMV Particles: The Journey From Fundamental Studies to Bionanotechnology Applications date: 2018-07-26 words: 9028 flesch: 35 summary: English translation Display of epitopes on the surface of tobacco mosaic virus: impact of charge and isoelectric point of the epitope on virus-host interactions Expression of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein by a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter in plants transformed by agrobacterium Refined atomic model of the four-layer aggregate of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein at 2.4 Å resolution Nanoscale science and technology with plant viruses and bacteriophages Protein disk of tobacco mosaic virus at 2.8 Å resolution showing the interactions within and between subunits Role of hexahistidine in directed nanoassemblies of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein Nanomanufacturing of tobacco mosaic virus-based spherical biomaterials using a continuous flow method Tobacco mosaic virus-based protein nanoparticles and nanorods for chemotherapy delivery targeting breast cancer The current picture of the structure and assembly of tobacco mosaic virus Self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus: the role of an intermediate aggregate in generating both specificity and speed Assembly of the particle of tobacco mosaic virus from RNA and disks of protein Configuration of tobacco mosaic virus RNA during virus assembly The structure of the protein disk of tobacco mosaic virus to 5 Å resolution Biological templates for antireflective current collectors for photo-electrochemical cell applications Plant virus directed fabrication of nanoscale materials and devices Plant viruses and bacteriophages for drug delivery in medicine and biotechnology Tobacco mosaic virus delivery of phenanthriplatin for cancer therapy Plant-derived vaccine protects target animals against a virus disease cDNA cloning of the complete genome of tobacco mosaic virus and production of infectious transcripts A chemoselective biomolecular template for assembling diverse nanotubular materials β-Structure of the coat protein subunits in spherical particles generated by tobacco mosaic virus thermal denaturation Analysis of the aphthovirus 2A/2B polyprotein 'cleavage' mechanism indicates not a proteolytic reaction, but a novel translational effect: a putative ribosomal 'skip Virus particles as templates for materials synthesis Organization of metallic nanoparticles using tobacco mosaic virus templates States of aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus protein Bottom-up-assembled nanostar colloids of gold cores and tubes derived from tobacco mosaic virus RNA-controlled assembly of tobacco mosaic virus-derived complex structures: from nanoboomerangs to tetrapods Tailoring the surface properties of tobacco mosaic virions by the integration of bacterially expressed mutant coat protein Tobacco mosaic virus: a biological building block for micro/nano/biosystems Electrochemically-driven insertion of biological nanodiscs into solid state membrane pores as a basis for pore-in-pore Stable disk assemblies of a tobacco mosaic virus mutant as nanoscale scaffolds for applications in drug delivery Plant virus expressing hybrid coat protein with added murine epitope elicits autoantibody response Tobacco mosaic virus liquid crystals as templates for the interior design of silica mesophases and nanoparticles Reconstitution of active tobacco mosaic virus from its inactive protein and nucleic acid components Tobacco mosaic virus-delivered cisplatin restores efficacy in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells Structure of tobacco mosaic virus: location of the ribonucleic acid in the tobacco mosaic virus particle Targeting cancer with 'smart bombs': equipping plant virus nanoparticles for a 'seek and destroy' mission Trastuzumab-binding peptide display by tobacco mosaic virus Seeing tobacco mosaic virus through direct electron detectors The 5 0 -leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA enhances the expression of foreign gene transcripts in vitro and in vivo In vivo uncoating and efficient expression of foreign mRNAs packaged in TMV-like particles The effect of multiple dispersed copies of the origin-of-assembly sequence from TMV RNA on the morphology of pseudovirus particles assembled in vitro TMV nanorods with programmed longitudinal domains of differently addressable coat proteins Nucleotide sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA Plants transformed with a tobacco mosaic virus nonstructural gene sequence are resistant to the virus Evidence for incorporation of disks in 5 0 -elongation along the major RNA tail Malarial epitopes expressed on the surface of recombinant tobacco mosaic virus Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy Immunoabsorbent nanoparticles based on a tobamovirus displaying protein A Plant viruses: a tool-box for genetic engineering and crop protection Fabrication and characterization of gold nano-wires template on virus-like arrays of tobacco mosaic virus coat proteins Expression of foot-and-mouth disease virus epitopes in tobacco by a tobacco mosaic virus-based vector Enhancing the magnetoviscosity of ferrofluids by the addition of biological nanotubes Electrospinning fabrication, structural and mechanical characterization of rod-like virus-based composite nanofibers Patterned assembly of genetically modified viral nanotemplates via nucleic acid hybridization TMV microarrays: hybridization-based assembly of DNA-programmed viral nanotemplates Tobacco mosaic virus replicase and replicative structures Virus-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications Disulfide bond: dramatically enhanced assembly capability and structural stability of tobacco mosaic virus nanorods Site-selective nucleation and controlled growth of gold nanostructures in tobacco mosaic virus nanotubulars The nucleotide sequence at the origin for assembly on tobacco mosaic virus RNA The isolation of tobacco mosaic virus RNA fragments containing the origin for viral assembly Location of the origin for viral reassembly on tobacco mosaic virus RNA and its relation to stable fragment keywords: amino; assembly; et al; fig; mosaic; mosaic virus; particles; peptides; plants; protein; rna; rods; structure; surface; tmv; tobacco; tobacco mosaic; virus cache: cord-309048-emmtplv3.txt plain text: cord-309048-emmtplv3.txt item: #836 of 1203 id: cord-309067-aemjbkfj author: Kennedy, Melissa title: Methodology in diagnostic virology date: 2005-03-01 words: 5886 flesch: 48 summary: For antibody assays, this is straightforward, because only serum is required. Proper sampling and shipment for virus detection may be more involved. keywords: antibody; antigen; assays; detection; laboratory; results; sample; virus; viruses cache: cord-309067-aemjbkfj.txt plain text: cord-309067-aemjbkfj.txt item: #837 of 1203 id: cord-309120-05bg7rfa author: Niazi, Sadegh title: The role of respiratory droplet physicochemistry in limiting and promoting the airborne transmission of human coronaviruses: A critical review() date: 2020-11-06 words: 2718 flesch: 7 summary: Report for 940 the World Health Organization Liquid-liquid phase separation in 942 organic particles containing one and two organic species: importance of the average 943 O : C Exhalation of respiratory viruses by breathing, coughing, and talking Biodefense research methodology and animal models An initial investigation of the association 949 between the SARS outbreak and weather: with the view of the environmental temperature and its 950 variation Review of aerosol transmission of influenza A virus Numerical Study of Particle Deposition in Bends of a Circular Cross-954 Section-Laminar Flow Regime Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 Stability of Middle East respiratory 960 syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under different environmental conditions Physico-chemical characteristics of evaporating respiratory fluid 962 droplets Physico-chemical characteristics of evaporating respiratory fluid 964 droplets Cough-generated aerosols of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria from 968 patients with cystic fibrosis Factors affecting the viability of air-borne bacteria. Coronavirus Contamination in 811 Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets Environmental Persistence of Influenza Viruses Is Dependent upon Virus Type and Host Origin Low 817 ambient humidity impairs barrier function and innate resistance against influenza infection Transmission of influenza A in human beings Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment-a 823 multidisciplinary systematic review Electron cryotomography of 825 measles virus reveals how matrix protein coats the ribonucleocapsid within intact virions Humidity-Dependent Decay of Viruses, but Not Bacteria Droplets Follows Disinfection Kinetics Environmental factors on the SARS epidemic: 830 air temperature, passage of time and multiplicative effect of hospital infection Probing the structure of the 833 SARS coronavirus using scanning electron microscopy Measurements of airborne influenza virus in aerosol particles 836 from human coughs Measurements of airborne influenza virus in 839 aerosol particles from human coughs Viable influenza keywords: air; droplets; human; humidity; influenza; sars; transmission; virus cache: cord-309120-05bg7rfa.txt plain text: cord-309120-05bg7rfa.txt item: #838 of 1203 id: cord-309179-5hlatbqe author: Bosch, Albert title: New tools for the study and direct surveillance of viral pathogens in water date: 2008-05-26 words: 3352 flesch: 26 summary: Main difficulties to overcome for virus detection and characterisation in water samples encompass viral diversity, occurrence of low particle numbers, particularly in drinking water, and the technical challenges of virus assays. [3] may be used for direct virus concentration in heavily polluted medium size samples, for example, sewage, having this latter method the added advantage of removing substances inhibitory to RT-PCR enzymes if this method is employed for virus detection keywords: detection; enteric; health; hepatitis; pcr; samples; time; viruses; water; waterborne cache: cord-309179-5hlatbqe.txt plain text: cord-309179-5hlatbqe.txt item: #839 of 1203 id: cord-309346-4mdxe6ri author: López-Medrano, Francisco title: Virus respiratorios: los más frecuentes, los más olvidados date: 2008-02-29 words: 1441 flesch: 35 summary: Dado que en ese tiempo es difícil alcanzar un diagnóstico microbiológico, la posibilidad de emplear estos fármacos ha hecho que se retome el interés por el diagnóstico de la infección gripal desde el punto de vista clínico 17, 18 . Hasta el momento, la utilidad de la ribavirina para el tratamiento de la infección por VRS es controvertida 11 . keywords: las; los; más; por; que; virus cache: cord-309346-4mdxe6ri.txt plain text: cord-309346-4mdxe6ri.txt item: #840 of 1203 id: cord-309381-cb80ntxs author: Nogales, Aitor title: Host Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Modulating Influenza A Virus Disease in Humans date: 2019-09-30 words: 10240 flesch: 40 summary: Just as an example mentioned below, IFITM3 is an ISG playing antiviral roles against influenza virus infection and other viruses [59] . B influenza viruses: Basis for the WHO recommendation on the composition of influenza vaccines for use in the 2009-2010 northern hemisphere season Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines The annual impact of seasonal influenza in the US: Measuring disease burden and costs The continual threat of influenza virus infections at the human-animal interface: What is new from a one health perspective? keywords: allele; cells; disease; expression; gene; host; human; iav; ifitm3; infection; influenza; nucleotide; polymorphisms; protein; receptor; responses; risk; snps; susceptibility; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-309381-cb80ntxs.txt plain text: cord-309381-cb80ntxs.txt item: #841 of 1203 id: cord-309488-8guapzke author: Dodd, R. title: Other emerging viral pathogens date: 2006-08-15 words: 4368 flesch: 45 summary: Rabies virus infection is not thought to result in viraemia and it was considered likely that the transmission resulted from infection of, and via the sympathetic innervation of the transplanted organs. After the recognition of TTV, the search for hepatitis viruses continued, and Primi and colleagues keywords: blood; disease; hepatitis; infection; transfusion; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-309488-8guapzke.txt plain text: cord-309488-8guapzke.txt item: #842 of 1203 id: cord-309489-ubf55eux author: Carvalho, John J. title: OUR COMMON ENEMY: COMBATTING THE WORLD'S DEADLIEST VIRUSES TO ENSURE EQUITY HEALTH CARE IN DEVELOPING NATIONS date: 2009-02-19 words: 5292 flesch: 35 summary: Although HIV/AIDS is considered the most pressing worldwide concern for scientists, dengue virus is also alarming. Given the possibility for severe disease in infected individuals and the ease by which dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes, the spread of dengue virus could be considered one of the most dangerous emerging threats facing the world. keywords: aids; care; dengue; health; hiv; nations; rotavirus; science; viruses cache: cord-309489-ubf55eux.txt plain text: cord-309489-ubf55eux.txt item: #843 of 1203 id: cord-309635-1tgovkr7 author: Wu, Nicholas C. title: Structural Biology of Influenza Hemagglutinin: An Amaranthine Adventure date: 2020-09-22 words: 5518 flesch: 33 summary: A group 1 and 2 hemagglutinins through a further variation in V H 1-69 antibody orientation on the HA stem Rapid development of broadly influenza neutralizing antibodies through redundant mutations Molecular signatures of hemagglutinin stem-directed heterosubtypic human neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses Recurring and adaptable binding motifs in broadly neutralizing antibodies to influenza virus are encoded on the D3-9 segment of the Ig gene A highly conserved neutralizing epitope on group 2 influenza A viruses A common solution to group 2 influenza virus neutralization Vaccine-induced antibodies that neutralize group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses Structure and function analysis of an antibody recognizing all influenza A subtypes Preferential induction of cross-group influenza A hemagglutinin stem-specific memory B cells after H7N9 immunization in humans Convergent evolution in breadth of two V H 6-1-encoded influenza antibody clonotypes from a single donor Cross-neutralization of influenza A viruses mediated by a single antibody loop Receptor mimicry by antibody F045-092 facilitates universal binding to the H3 subtype of influenza virus Naturally occurring antibodies in humans can neutralize a variety of influenza virus strains, including H3, H1, H2, and H5 Memory B cells that cross-react with group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses are abundant in adult human repertoires Heterosubtypic antibody recognition of the influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding site enhanced by avidity Cross-protective potential of a novel monoclonal antibody directed against antigenic site B of the hemagglutinin of influenza A viruses Identification of antibodies targeting the H3N2 hemagglutinin receptor binding site following vaccination of humans Antibody recognition of the pandemic H1N1 Influenza virus hemagglutinin receptor binding site A broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that recognizes a conserved, novel epitope on the globular head of the influenza H1N1 virus hemagglutinin Human monoclonal antibodies to pandemic 1957 H2N2 and pandemic 1968 H3N2 influenza viruses Broadly neutralizing human antibody that recognizes the receptor-binding pocket of influenza virus hemagglutinin Preconfiguration of the antigen-binding site during affinity maturation of a broadly neutralizing influenza virus antibody H7N9 influenza virus neutralizing antibodies that possess few somatic mutations Fine antigenic variation within H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin's antigenic sites defined by yeast cell surface display Conserved neutralizing epitope at globular head of hemagglutinin in H3N2 influenza viruses Conserved epitope on influenza-virus hemagglutinin head defined by a vaccine-induced antibody Potent anti-influenza H7 human monoclonal antibody induces separation of hemagglutinin receptor-binding head domains A site of vulnerability on the influenza virus hemagglutinin head domain trimer interface Antibodies to a conserved influenza head interface epitope protect by an IgG subtype-dependent mechanism Influenza antigen engineering focuses immune responses to a subdominant but broadly protective viral epitope Direct visualization of the conformational dynamics of single influenza hemagglutinin trimers Inhibition of the fusion-inducing conformational change of influenza hemagglutinin by benzoquinones and hydroquinones Structure of influenza hemagglutinin in complex with an inhibitor of membrane fusion Characteristics of arbidol-resistant mutants of influenza virus: Implications for the mechanism of anti-influenza action of arbidol Design of inhibitors of influenza virus membrane fusion: Synthesis, structure-activity relationship and in vitro antiviral activity of a novel indole series Structural basis of influenza virus fusion inhibition by the antiviral drug Arbidol Structure-based optimization and synthesis of antiviral drug Arbidol analogues with significantly improved affinity to influenza hemagglutinin Computational design of proteins targeting the conserved stem region of influenza hemagglutinin Optimization of affinity, specificity and function of designed influenza inhibitors using deep sequencing Massively parallel de novo protein design for targeted therapeutics Computational design of trimeric influenza-neutralizing proteins targeting the hemagglutinin receptor binding site Potent peptidic fusion inhibitors of influenza virus A small-molecule fusion inhibitor of influenza virus is orally active in mice An influenza Four types of influenza virus, A, B, C, and D, are known. keywords: antibodies; antibody; binding; fusion; hemagglutinin; influenza; receptor; stem; structure; virus; viruses cache: cord-309635-1tgovkr7.txt plain text: cord-309635-1tgovkr7.txt item: #844 of 1203 id: cord-309642-wwaa6ls0 author: Potgieter, Leon N.D. title: Pathogenesis of Viral Infections date: 1986-11-30 words: 10859 flesch: 33 summary: The respiratory tract is a very common site at which virus infections are initiated, usually as the result of airborne infections. The inert superficial protective layers of the intact skin usually are impervious to virus infection. keywords: antibody; cells; disease; dna; host; immune; infection; injury; macrophages; mechanisms; oncogene; pathogenesis; receptors; replication; result; surface; tract; transformation; virus; viruses cache: cord-309642-wwaa6ls0.txt plain text: cord-309642-wwaa6ls0.txt item: #845 of 1203 id: cord-310140-h7uwl0pb author: Templeton, K.E. title: A multi-centre pilot proficiency programme to assess the quality of molecular detection of respiratory viruses date: 2005-07-12 words: 4187 flesch: 43 summary: Respiratory virus proficiency panels were produced from diluted stocks of respiratory viruses provided and tested by four reference laboratories. Respiratory virus detection by culture has limitations owing to the sensitivities of cell lines to clinical isolates, this is particularly apparent with hRV and hCoV. Although reference strains can be used to check sensitivity of a particular cell line this does not necessarily mean that it will detect all clinical isolates. keywords: detection; panel; participants; pcr; positive; results; viruses cache: cord-310140-h7uwl0pb.txt plain text: cord-310140-h7uwl0pb.txt item: #846 of 1203 id: cord-310141-2jofy8fo author: Qureshi, Abid title: A review on current status of antiviral siRNA date: 2018-04-15 words: 3384 flesch: 19 summary: Short interfering RNAs developed against the helicase and replicase genes of hepatitis E virus were found to be effective in inhibiting virus replication in A549 as well as HepG2 cells. Primate hepatitis B viruses-genetic diversity, geography and evolution Small interfering RNA inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in mice siRNAs against the Epstein Barr virus latency replication factor, EBNA1, inhibit its function and growth of EBVdependent tumor cells Short interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression and function during infection of human keratinocytes RNA composition of Junin virus Identification and molecular characterization of 18 paramyxoviruses isolated from snakes RNA interference inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and disease pathogenesis without inhibiting priming of the memory immune response Emerging viruses: the Bunyaviridae An siRNA against JC virus (JCV) agnoprotein inhibits JCV infection in JCV-producing cells inoculated in nude mice Filoviridae: a taxonomic home for Marburg and Ebola viruses? Use of siRNAs to prevent and treat influenza virus infection Inhibition of influenza virus production in virus-infected mice by RNA interference Molecular detection and typing of human picornaviruses A small interfering RNA targeting coxsackievirus B3 protects permissive HeLa cells from viral challenge Viruses of the Bunya-and Togaviridae families: potential as bioterrorism agents and means of control Inhibition of SARS-CoV replication by siRNA Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque New drug targets for hepatitis C and other Flaviviridae viruses Small interfering RNAmediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in the human hepatoma cell line Huh-7 Effective siRNA targeting of the 3′ untranslated region of the West Nile virus genome Inhibition of dengue virus infections in cell cultures and in AG129 mice by a small interfering RNA targeting a highly conserved sequence An update on Zika virus infection A computational approach to design potential antiviral RNA for 3'UTR post transcriptional gene silencing of different strains of Zika virus ZikaVR: an integrated Zika virus resource for genomics, proteomics, phylogenetic and therapeutic analysis Identification of Zika virus and dengue virus dependency factors using functional genomics Emergence of vertebrate retroviruses and envelope capture siRNA-directed inhibition of HIV-1 infection A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of an RNAi-based therapy directed against respiratory syncytial virus RNA interference and its potential applications to chronic HBV treatment: results of a phase I safety and tolerability study SPC3649) can inhibit the biogenesis of miR-122 Current prospects for RNA interferencebased therapies Emerging targets and novel approaches to Ebola virus prophylaxis and treatment Targeting Marek's disease virus by RNA interference delivered from a herpesvirus vaccine Adenovirus-mediated RNA interference against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection both in vitro and in vivo RNA interference acts as a natural antiviral response to O'nyongnyong virus (Alphavirus; Togaviridae) infection of Anopheles gambiae The role of RNAi and microRNAs in animal virus replication and antiviral immunity siRNA efficiency: structure or sequence-that is the question Selection of hyperfunctional siRNAs with improved potency and specificity Universal and mutation-resistant antienteroviral activity: potency of small interfering RNA complementary to the conserved cis-acting replication element within the enterovirus coding region Position-specific chemical modification of siRNAs reduces off-target transcript silencing siRNA-optimized modifications for enhanced in vivo activity siRNAmod: a database of experimentally validated chemically modified siRNAs Activity of stabilized short interfering RNA in a mouse model of hepatitis B virus replication Delivery of siRNA therapeutics: barriers and carriers siRNA delivery strategies: a comprehensive review of recent developments. keywords: cells; inhibition; interference; replication; rna; rnai; rnas; silencing; sirna; target; virus; viruses cache: cord-310141-2jofy8fo.txt plain text: cord-310141-2jofy8fo.txt item: #847 of 1203 id: cord-310171-1fmsxx2s author: Goffard, Anne title: Virus and cystic fibrosis: Rhinoviruses are associated with exacerbations in adult patients() date: 2014-02-25 words: 3326 flesch: 33 summary: Here, we performed a mechanical pre-treatment of each sputum sample before nucleic acid extraction; this pretreatment is newly recommended for respiratory virus detection in sputa from patients with asthma or CF [26, 27] . key: cord-310171-1fmsxx2s authors: Goffard, Anne; Lambert, Valérie; Salleron, Julia; Herwegh, Stéphanie; Engelmann, Ilka; Pinel, Claudine; Pin, Isabelle; Perrez, Thierry; Prévotat, Anne; Dewilde, Anny; Delhaes, Laurence title: Virus and cystic fibrosis: Rhinoviruses are associated with exacerbations in adult patients() date: 2014-02-25 journal: J Clin Virol DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.02.005 sha: doc_id: 310171 cord_uid: 1fmsxx2s BACKGROUND: Few studies have suggested the potential role of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbation, but their real impact is probably underestimated. keywords: detection; exacerbation; fibrosis; hrv; patients; samples; viruses cache: cord-310171-1fmsxx2s.txt plain text: cord-310171-1fmsxx2s.txt item: #848 of 1203 id: cord-310255-aixq5mhf author: Charlton, Frank W. title: Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Viral Infections: Further Discoveries and Future Perspectives date: 2020-08-03 words: 5356 flesch: 38 summary: It is now clear that host cell ion channels play an important role during viral infection at the cellular level, and as causative factors of disease states in infected tissues. key: cord-310255-aixq5mhf authors: Charlton, Frank W.; Pearson, Hayley M.; Hover, Samantha; Lippiat, Jon D.; Fontana, Juan; Barr, John N.; Mankouri, Jamel title: Ion Channels as Therapeutic Targets for Viral Infections: Further Discoveries and Future Perspectives date: 2020-08-03 journal: Viruses DOI: 10.3390/v12080844 sha: doc_id: 310255 cord_uid: aixq5mhf keywords: activity; cells; cftr; channels; drugs; entry; expression; host; infection; ion; replication; virus cache: cord-310255-aixq5mhf.txt plain text: cord-310255-aixq5mhf.txt item: #849 of 1203 id: cord-310371-pylrg91h author: Bishop, R.F. title: Enteric Viruses date: 2008-07-30 words: 4469 flesch: 38 summary: The recent demonstration that human noroviruses can infect and replicate in a three-dimensional cell culture model of human intestinal epithelium, should improve our understanding of the pathogenesis, and antigenic diversity of this important group of enteric viruses. key: cord-310371-pylrg91h authors: Bishop, R.F.; Kirkwood, C.D. title: Enteric Viruses date: 2008-07-30 journal: Encyclopedia of Virology DOI: 10.1016/b978-012374410-4.00386-1 sha: doc_id: 310371 cord_uid: pylrg91h Many viruses use the enteric tract as a route of entry to the human, animal, or avian host. keywords: caliciviruses; cause; children; diarrhea; disease; enteric; gastroenteritis; human; infection; rotavirus; viruses cache: cord-310371-pylrg91h.txt plain text: cord-310371-pylrg91h.txt item: #850 of 1203 id: cord-310439-z0bxsjug author: Martin, R. R. title: Pathogen-Tested Planting Material date: 2014-12-31 words: 7706 flesch: 42 summary: However, work with grapevines has shown that many of the viruses were related to mycoviruses rather than plant viruses (Al Rwahnih et al., 2011; Coetzee et al., 2010) . Role of international organizations Plant Diseases: Their Biology and Social Impact De novo reconstruction of consensus master genomes of plant RNA and DNA viruses from siRNAs Control of viruses affecting potatoes through seed potato certification programs Plant disease: A threat to global food security Application of high-throughput DNA sequencing in Phytopathology Molecular characterization and population structure of Blackberry vein banding associated virus, a new ampelovirus associated with blackberry yellow vein disease Certified − Feasibility of Audit-Based Certification to Prevent Invasive Plant Pests in the Horticultural Industry Profiling viral infections in grapevine using a randomly primed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction/macroarray multiplex platform The control of African cassava mosaic virus disease: Phytosanitation and/or resistance? Understanding and exploiting late blight resistance in the age of effectors Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens Viral discovery and sequence recovery using DNA microarrays Certification for plant viruses keywords: certification; countries; crops; culture; level; pathogens; plants; production; programs; quarantine; seed; testing; viruses cache: cord-310439-z0bxsjug.txt plain text: cord-310439-z0bxsjug.txt item: #851 of 1203 id: cord-310795-n78s0sg2 author: Brand, H. Kim title: Infection with multiple viruses is not associated with increased disease severity in children with bronchiolitis date: 2011-09-07 words: 3945 flesch: 47 summary: National disease burden of respiratory viruses detected in children by polymerase chain reaction Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children Prospective population-based study of RSV-related intermediate care and intensive care unit admissions in Switzerland over a 4-year period Children's Hospital respiratory syncytial virus database: risk factors, treatment and hospital course in 3308 infants and young children Frequent detection of viral coinfection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction Two-year prospective study of single infections and co-infections by respiratory syncytial virus and viruses identified recently in infants with acute respiratory disease Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study Rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time PCR for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 3, and 4 Multiple simultaneous viral infections in infants with acute respiratory tract infections in Spain Multiple viral respiratory pathogens in children with bronchiolitis In very young infants severity of acute bronchiolitis depends on carried viruses Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis Identification of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic subjects: asymptomatic respiratory viral infections Single versus dual respiratory virus infections in hospitalized infants: impact on clinical course of disease and interferon-gamma response Respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants Persistence of rhinovirus and enterovirus RNA after acute respiratory illness in children Picornavirus infections in children diagnosed by RT-PCR during longitudinal surveillance with weekly sampling: association with symptomatic illness and effect of season Use of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of picornavirus infection in subjects with and without respiratory symptoms Human picornavirus and coronavirus RNA in nasopharynx of children without concurrent respiratory symptoms Rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in wheezing children requiring emergency care. The use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has greatly improved the ability to diagnose viral respiratory infections. keywords: children; disease; infections; multiple; rsv; severity; viruses cache: cord-310795-n78s0sg2.txt plain text: cord-310795-n78s0sg2.txt item: #852 of 1203 id: cord-310870-w8wu8vno author: Shorten, Robert J. title: The risk of transmission of a viral haemorrhagic fever infection in a United Kingdom laboratory date: 2017-05-18 words: 1638 flesch: 37 summary: Laboratory viruses vary between strains and wild-type viruses. All of the high hazard viral diseases cited are caused by enveloped viruses. keywords: blood; fever; laboratory; risk; viruses cache: cord-310870-w8wu8vno.txt plain text: cord-310870-w8wu8vno.txt item: #853 of 1203 id: cord-310920-itqwhi6a author: Haddad, Christina title: Integrated Approaches to Reveal Mechanisms by which RNA Viruses Reprogram the Cellular Environment date: 2020-07-02 words: 3701 flesch: 35 summary: Thus, studying viral RNA structures and their interactions with cognate RBPs are essential to understanding the pathogenesis of RNA viruses and to further assist the design of novel antivirals. It is therefore no surprise that RNA viruses use this functional diversity to their advantage to sustain chronic or lifelong infections. keywords: genome; host; interactions; protein; replication; rna; sars; structural; virus; viruses cache: cord-310920-itqwhi6a.txt plain text: cord-310920-itqwhi6a.txt item: #854 of 1203 id: cord-310942-191m0e65 author: Boga, Jose Antonio title: Beneficial actions of melatonin in the management of viral infections: a new use for this “molecular handyman”? date: 2012-04-18 words: 7229 flesch: 26 summary: A second mechanism is the triggering of effector functions of cellular components of the innate immune system, such as granulocytes, natural killer cells (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells, which are normally rapidly recruited and/or activated at the site of virus infection, causing a local inflammation [125] . Transactions of the The biological properties of interleukin-1 Resistance of interleukin-1 beta-deficient mice to fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis Thermal and behavioural effects of lipopolysaccharide and influenza in interleukin-1 beta deficient mice Vaccinia and cowpox viruses encode a novel secreted interleukin-1-binding protein Arachidonic acid lipoxygenation may mediate interleukin-1 stimulation of nerve growth factor secretion in astroglial cultures Modulation by tumor necrosis factor-a of human astroglial cell production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Cytokine-regulated adhesion between encephalitogenic T lymphocytes and cerebrovascular endothelial cells A novel role for melatonin: regulation of the expression of cell adhesion molecules in the rat hippocampus and cortex Recognition of doublestranded RNA and activation of NF-jB by Toll-like receptor 3 Identification of NF-kappaB-dependent gene networks in respiratory syncytial virusinfected cells Melatonin decreases TLR3-mediated inflammatory factor expression via inhibition of NFkappa B activation in respiratory syncytial virus-infected RAW264.7 macrophages Role of virus-induced apoptosis in a host defense mechanism against virus infection Enter the kill zone: initiation of death signaling during virus entry Melatonin and cell death: differential actions on apoptosis in normal and cancer cells Melatonin prevents capacitation and apoptotic-like changes in ram spermatozoa and increases fertility Melatonin leucocyte apoptosis induced by intracellular calcium overload: relation with its antioxidant actions Melatonin promotes puromycin-induced apoptosis with activation of caspase-3 and 5 1 -adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-alpha in human leukemia HL-60 cells Programmed cell death in the pathogenesis of rabbit hemorrhagic disease Melatonin attenuates apoptotic liver damage in fulminant hepatic failure induced by the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus Autophagy during common bacterial and viral infections of children Varicella-zoster virus infection induces autophagy in both cultured cells and human skin vesicles Autophagy proteins promote hepatitis C virus replication Structural and functional analysis of virus factories purified from Rabbit vesivirus-infected Vero cells Remodeling the endoplasmic reticulum by poliovirus infection and by individual viral proteins: an autophagy-like origin for virus-induced vesicles Melatonin modulates autophagy through a redox-mediated action in female Syrian hamster Harderian gland controlling cell types and gland activity Regression of herpes viral infection symptoms using melatonin and SB-73: comparison with Pineal melatonin: cell biology of its synthesis and of its physiological interactions Melatonin: a multitasking molecule A survey of molecular details in the human pineal gland in the light of phylogeny, structure, function and chronobiological diseases Sirtuins, melatonin and circadian rhythms: building a bridge between aging and cancer Melatonin, cardiolipin and mitochondrial bioenergetics in health and disease Melatonin as a therapeutic tool in ophthalmology: implications for glaucoma and uveitis Drug-mediated ototoxicity and tinnitus: alleviation with melatonin Matrix metalloproteinases in health and disease: regulation by melatonin The authors have no competing interest. keywords: antioxidant; cells; damage; disease; effects; expression; factor; human; infection; melatonin; mice; nitric; oxidative; oxide; production; role; treatment; virus cache: cord-310942-191m0e65.txt plain text: cord-310942-191m0e65.txt item: #855 of 1203 id: cord-311012-wyglrpqh author: Meyers, Craig title: Ethanol and Isopropanol Inactivation of Human Coronavirus on Hard Surfaces date: 2020-09-28 words: 3277 flesch: 49 summary: Concentrations of 95% dehydrated the virus, allowing infectious virus to survive. CONCLUSIONS: EtOH, IPA, and SH at multiple concentrations efficiently inactivated infectious virus on hard surfaces, typical of those found in public places. keywords: concentrations; contact; etoh; ipa; surfaces; virus cache: cord-311012-wyglrpqh.txt plain text: cord-311012-wyglrpqh.txt item: #856 of 1203 id: cord-311382-ioemd0ij author: Tellier, Raymond title: Recognition of aerosol transmission of infectious agents: a commentary date: 2019-01-31 words: 5341 flesch: 32 summary: An epidemiologic study of radiant disinfection of air in day schools Airborne spread of measles in a suburban elementary school Measles outbreak in a pediatric practice: airborne transmission in an office setting Airborne transmission of measles in a physician's office Aerial Dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis a two year study of contagion in a tuberculosis ward Ultraviolet irradiation of infected air: comparative infectiousness of different patients The infectiousness of tuberculosis patients coinfected with HIV Spread of tuberculosis via recirculated air in a naval vessel: the Byrd study Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis associated with a draining abscess Transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis during a long airplane flight Upper-room ultraviolet light and negative air ionization to prevent tuberculosis transmission What was the primary mode of smallpox transmission? Implications for biodefense Front Cell Infect Microbiol An airborne outbreak of smallpox in a German hospital and its significance with respect to other recent outbreaks in Europe Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome on aircraft Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study Severe acute respiratory syndrome vs. the Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronaviruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in travelers Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission First cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission Transmission characteristics of MERS and SARS in the healthcare setting: a comparative study A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirusassociated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Kinetics and pattern of viral excretion in biological specimens of two MERS-CoV cases Respiratory tract samples, viral load, and genome fraction yield in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome Differential expression of the MERS-coronavirus receptor in the upper respiratory tract of humans and dromedary camels Review of aerosol transmission of influenza a virus Aerosol transmission of influenza a virus: a review of new studies Airborne transmission of influenza: implications for control in healthcare and community settings Aerosol transmission is an important mode of influenza a virus spread Human influenza resulting from aerosol inhalation The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents Interim Guidance for the Use of Masks to Control Influenza Transmission Characterization of Aerosols Generated During Patient Care Activities Influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study Exhalation of respiratory viruses by breathing, coughing, and talking Viable influenza a virus in airborne particles from human coughs Viable influenza a virus in airborne particles expelled during coughs vs. Exhalations Influenza Other Respir Viruses EMIT Consortium Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community Concentrations and size distributions of airborne influenza a viruses measured indoors at a health Centre, a day-care Centre and on aeroplanes Exposure to influenza virus aerosols during routine patient care Quantification of Influenza Virus RNA in Aerosols in Patient Rooms Absence of detectable influenza RNA transmitted via aerosol during various human respiratory activities--experiments from Singapore and Hong Kong Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks Establishment and clinical applications of a portable system for capturing influenza viruses released through coughing Exhaled aerosol transmission of pandemic and seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses in the ferret Transmission of viral respiratory infections in the home Epidemiology and prevention of pediatric viral respiratory infections in health-care institutions Influenza in the acute hospital setting Transmission of influenza: implications for control in health care settings keywords: aerosol; droplets; ebola; infection; influenza; particles; route; studies; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-311382-ioemd0ij.txt plain text: cord-311382-ioemd0ij.txt item: #857 of 1203 id: cord-311410-lgqup9ug author: Ayers, M. title: A single tube RT-PCR assay for the detection of mosquito-borne flaviviruses date: 2006-05-02 words: 3108 flesch: 43 summary: The assay was validated using RNA from the yellow fever virus vaccine strain and from representative strains of dengue viruses 1, 2, 3 and 4, West Nile virus, Kunjin virus (a clade of West Nile virus), and St. Louis encephalitis virus. Measures to prevent West Nile virus transmission through cells, tissues and organs for transplantation and assisted reproduction First Isolation of West Nile virus from a patient with encephalitis in the United States Comprehensive PCRbased assay for detection and species identification of human herpesviruses Japanese encephalitis in India: an overview Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection: current and future perspectives in clinical diagnosis and public health Update: West Nile virus screening of blood donations and transfusion-associated transmission Universal diagnostic RT-PCR protocol for arboviruses Phylogeny of the genus Flavivirus Rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR assay Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication Emerging flaviviruses: the spread and resurgence of Japanese encephalitis, West Nile and dengue viruses Flavivirus infection, fatal, Argentina (Cordoba) (03): St Louis encephalitis Japanese encephalitis, India (Uttar Pradesh) (06) Comparison of flavivirus universal primer pairs and development of a rapid, highly sensitive heminested reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of flaviviruses targeted to a conserved region of the NS5 gene sequences The CLUSTAL X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools Yellow fever: the recurring plague TREECON for Windows: a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees for the Microsoft Windows environment High levels of plasma dengue viral load during defervescence in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever: implications for pathogenesis Comparison of assays for the detection of West Nile virus antibodies in chicken serum Emergence of Usutu virus, an African mosquitoborne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group Transcripts from a single full-length cDNA clone of hepatitis C virus are infectious when directly transfected into the liver of a chimpanzee This work was supported by the Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children. keywords: dengue; encephalitis; et al; flaviviruses; pcr; virus; viruses cache: cord-311410-lgqup9ug.txt plain text: cord-311410-lgqup9ug.txt item: #858 of 1203 id: cord-311748-yr2ep7uf author: Kahyaoglu, L. N. title: 11 New approaches in microbial pathogen detection date: 2013-12-31 words: 8026 flesch: 37 summary: Several molecular methods using nucleic acid amplifi cation have been developed for virus detection in food (Jean et al. , 2003) . In recent years, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods in particular, have become the gold standard for virus detection in food due to their high sensitivity, specifi city and potential to detect even a single virus particle (Bosch et al. , 2011; Martinez-Martinez et al. , 2011; Richards et al. , 2003; Cook and Rzezutka, 2006) . keywords: amplifi; assay; cation; detection; et al; food; foodborne; hav; havs; hepatitis; methods; pcr; samples; sensitivity; specifi; taqman; time; viruses cache: cord-311748-yr2ep7uf.txt plain text: cord-311748-yr2ep7uf.txt item: #859 of 1203 id: cord-311823-85wj08gr author: Katze, Michael G. title: Innate immune modulation by RNA viruses: emerging insights from functional genomics date: 2008 words: 9163 flesch: 28 summary: The role of RIg-I in the response to influenza virus infection has also been assessed 10 . A relevant observation in this regard is that early stimulation of the respiratory-tract B cells (within 48 hours of influenza virus infection) was shown to be strongly driven by virus-induced type keywords: cells; expression; genes; genomic; host; ifn; infection; influenza; response; rig; study; type; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-311823-85wj08gr.txt plain text: cord-311823-85wj08gr.txt item: #860 of 1203 id: cord-311908-sgdq6j6x author: Atkins, G. J. title: Transient virus infection and multiple sclerosis date: 2000-09-28 words: 6187 flesch: 34 summary: Evidence for the involvement of virus infection in MS also comes from several animal diseases in which persistent virus infection gives rise to demyelination [10,11,22±24] . A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis Effects of in¯uenza vaccination and in¯uenza illness on exacerbations in multiple sclerosis Analysis of the molecular basis of neuropathogenesis of RNA viruses in experimental animals: relevance for human disease? Persistent infection with Theiler's virus leads to CNS autoimmunity via epitope spreading Adoptive transfer of EAE-like lesions from rats with coronavirus-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis Primarily chronic progressive and relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis: two immunologically distinct entities Neuropathology in multiple sclerosis: new concepts Distinct patterns of multiple sclerosis pathology indicates heterogeneity in pathogenesis Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: The antigen speci®city of T lymphocytes determines the topography of lesions in the central and peripheral nervous system Augmentation of demyelination in rat acute allergic encephalomyelitis by circulating mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against a myelin/ oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Anti-myelin antibodies modulate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Biozzi ABH mice Identi®cation of auto-antibodies associated with myelin damage in multiple sclerosis Multiple sclerosis: a coordinated immunological attack against myelin in the central nervous system Functional evidence for epitope spreading in the relapsing pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Adoptive transfer of EAE-like lesions from rats with coronavirus-induced demyelinating encephalomyelitis Characterization of measles virus-induced autoimmune reactions against myelin basic protein in Lewis rats Induction of autoimmune reactions to myelin basic protein in measles virus encephalitis in Lewis rats Synergistic interaction between measles virus infection and myelin basic protein peptide-speci®c T cells in the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats The balance between persistent virus infection and immune cells determines demyelination Semliki Forest virus infection of mice: a model for the genetic and molecular analysis of viral pathogenicity The molecular pathogenesis of Semliki Forest virus: a model virus made useful Immune responses, and autoimmune outcome, during virus infection of the central nervous system Predisposition to EAE induction in resistant mice by prior infection with Semliki Forest virus Production and role of cytokines in the CNS of mice with acute viral encephalomyelitis Molecular mimicry between a viral peptide and a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide induces autoimmune demyelinating disease in mice Long-term effects of Semliki Forest virus infection in the mouse central nervous system Multiplication of virulent and demyelinating Semliki Forest virus in the mouse central nervous systemÐconsequences in BALB/c and SJL mice Effect of viral infection on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice Facilitation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by irradiation and virus infection: role of in¯ammatory cells In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells prevents lesions of demyelination in Semliki Forest virus infection Role of immune responses in protection and pathogenesis during SFV infection Characterization of the cellular and cytokine response in the central nervous system following Semliki Forest virus infection Long-term persistence of activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes after viral infection of the central nervous system Focal brain damage enhances experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in brain and spinal cord Examination of eight cases of multiple sclerosis and 56 neurological and non-neurological controls for genome sequences of measles virus, canine distemper virus, simian virus 5 and rubella virus Failure to detect measles virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in peripheral blood leucocytes of patients with multiple sclerosis Absence of measles, mumps and rubella viral gene sequences from multiple sclerosis brain tissue by polymerase chain reaction Increased risk of multiple sclerosis after late Epstein-Barr virus infection: a historical prospective study B-cell responses to myelin basic protein and its epitopes in autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by Semple rabies vaccine A multicenter, randomized, doubleblind placebo-controlled trial of in¯uenza immunization in multiple sclerosis Sequence homology between certain viral proteins and proteins related to encephalomyelitis and neuritis Molecular mimicry in T-cell mediated autoimmunity: viral peptides activate human T cell clones speci®c for myelin basic protein Amino acid homology between the encephalitogenic site of myelin basic protein and virus: mechanism for autoimmunity Multiple sclerosis and molecular mimicry Autoimmunity caused by host cell protein-containing viruses Breakdown of the blood±brain barrier precedes symptoms and other MRI signs of new lesions in multiple sclerosis Viral infection at the blood±brain barrier in multiple sclerosis:Ðan ultrastructural study of tissues from a UK regional brain bank Induction of relapsing paralysis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by bacterial superantigen Reverse transcriptase-dependent and -independent phases of infection with mouse mammary tumor virus: implications for superantigen function The signi®cance of measles virus antigen and genome distribution in the CNS in SSPE for mechanisms of viral spread and demyelination Polyomavirus models of brain infection and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis Semliki Forest virus neurovirulence mutants have altered cytopathogenicity for central nervous system cells Oligodendrocyte infection and demyelination produced in mice by the M9 mutant of Semliki Forest virus Pathogenicity of Semliki Forest virus for the rat central nervous system and primary rat neural cell culturesÐ possible implications for the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis Death mechanisms in cultured cells infected by Semliki Forest virus Morphology of oligodendrocytes during demyelination in optic nerves of mice infected with Semliki Forest virus Antibody response to rubella virus structural proteins in multiple sclerosis Multiplication of rubella and measles viruses in primary rat neural cell cultures: relevance to a postulated triggering mechanism for multiple sclerosis Oligodendroglial degeneration in distemper: apoptosis or necrosis? keywords: cns; demyelination; disease; infection; measles; myelin; sclerosis; virus; viruses cache: cord-311908-sgdq6j6x.txt plain text: cord-311908-sgdq6j6x.txt item: #861 of 1203 id: cord-312332-rwmuucsp author: Dicker, Kate title: The importance of virion-incorporated cellular RNA-Binding Proteins in viral particle assembly and infectivity date: 2020-09-10 words: 9241 flesch: 41 summary: The human RNA-Binding proteome and its dynamics during translational arrest Purification of cross-linked RNA-protein complexes by phenol-toluol extraction Comprehensive identification of RNA-Binding domains in human cells High-resolution mapping of RNA-Binding regions in the nuclear proteome of embryonic stem cells The new (dis)order in RNA regulation Two RNA polymerase complexes from vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells that carry out transcription and replication of genome RNA Identification of cellular interaction partners of the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complex and polymerase complex using proteomic-based approaches Comprehensive proteomic analysis of influenza virus polymerase complex reveals a novel association with mitochondrial proteins and RNA polymerase accessory factors Discovery of widespread host protein interactions with the prereplicated genome of CHIKV using VIR-CLASP Fields Virology Diverse roles of host RNA binding proteins in RNA virus replication https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.002. Thiouracil cross-linking mass spectrometry: a cell-based method to identify host factors involved in viral amplification Identification of proteins bound to dengue viral RNA in vivo reveals new host proteins important for virus replication Identification of RNA binding proteins associated with dengue virus RNA in infected cells reveals temporally distinct host factor requirements Elucidating the in vivo interactome of HIV-1 RNA by hybridization capture and mass spectrometry Unconventional RNA-binding proteins step into the virus-host battlefront Identification and characterization of sindbis virus RNA-Host protein interactions System-wide profiling of RNA-Binding proteins uncovers key regulators of virus infection An RNA-centric dissection of host complexes controlling flavivirus infection Viruses seen by our cells: the role of viral RNA sensors Intracellular sensing of viral genomes and viral evasion To translate, or not to translate: viral and host mRNA regulation by interferon-stimulated genes The expanding universe of ribonucleoproteins: of novel RNA-binding proteins and unconventional interactions The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts Insights into RNA biology from an atlas of mammalian mRNAbinding proteins A brave new world of RNAbinding proteins Comprehensive identification of RNA-protein interactions in any organism using orthogonal organic phase separation (OOPS) keywords: assembly; binding; cell; hiv-1; host; human; infection; particles; proteins; rbps; replication; rna; role; transcription; virion; virus; viruses; vrna cache: cord-312332-rwmuucsp.txt plain text: cord-312332-rwmuucsp.txt item: #862 of 1203 id: cord-312431-de7zhswl author: Ganesh, Atheesha title: Detecting Virus‐Like Particles from the Umgeni River, South Africa date: 2013-08-30 words: 7133 flesch: 42 summary: Phages share many properties with human viruses, particularly composition, morphology and structure Human viruses seen in negative stains fall into one of two major morphological categories: enveloped or naked [64] . keywords: cell; enteric; fig; human; microscopy; particles; phage; river; samples; seasons; umgeni; viruses; vlps; water cache: cord-312431-de7zhswl.txt plain text: cord-312431-de7zhswl.txt item: #863 of 1203 id: cord-312461-5qzpo6l1 author: Adalja, Amesh A. title: Characteristics of Microbes Most Likely to Cause Pandemics and Global Catastrophes date: 2019-08-30 words: 6830 flesch: 35 summary: Other factors that may increase a virus' potential to cause a global catastrophic risk include a segmented genome (as exemplified by influenza viruses), a comparatively smaller genome size, and high host viremia (e.g., vector-borne flaviviruses). Nontraditional molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulators, should also be investigated for a role in the treatment and prevention of RNA virus respiratory infections (Walker and Burton 2018) . keywords: cause; disease; human; influenza; microbe; pandemic; preparedness; respiratory; risk; rna; spread; transmission; viruses cache: cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt plain text: cord-312461-5qzpo6l1.txt item: #864 of 1203 id: cord-312688-12san3m7 author: Martin, Baptiste title: Filovirus proteins for antiviral drug discovery: A structure/function analysis of surface glycoproteins and virus entry date: 2016-09-14 words: 10232 flesch: 36 summary: Côt e et al., 2011; Kolokoltsov et al., 2012; Lee et al., 2013; Shoemaker et al., 2013; Basu et al., 2015) GP2 inhibitors compound 7 (Basu et al., 2011) Several compounds have been described targeting NPC1, such as U18666A, imipramine, cathionic amphiphiles Ro48-8071 and the terconazole adamantane class of compounds like benzylpiperazine adamantane diamides 3.47 and 3.0, or the lately discovered sulfonamide derivative MBX2254 and the triazole thioether derivative MBX2270 (Rodriguez-Lafrasse et al., 1990; Cenedella, 2009; Côt e et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2013; Shoemaker et al., 2013; Basu et al., 2015) . keywords: 1,2; antiviral; attachment; cell; compounds; ebola; ebolavirus; entry; et al; fig; filovirus; fusion; glycoprotein; host; infection; inhibitors; marburg; membrane; molecules; protein; receptor; rna; sgp; surface; virus cache: cord-312688-12san3m7.txt plain text: cord-312688-12san3m7.txt item: #865 of 1203 id: cord-312964-vsrqmmv7 author: Doyle, William J. title: Prevention of otitis media caused by viral upper respiratory tract infection: Vaccines, antivirals, and other approaches date: 2003 words: 6380 flesch: 23 summary: The local tissue damage caused by virus infection, the nasal inflammatory response attributable to host defense, and the local and systemic effects of the various chemical signals are expressed as symptoms and signs of illness. Alternatively, OM could be prevented by priming the host to resist virus infection. keywords: acute; children; infection; influenza; media; otitis; prevention; treatment; virus; vuri cache: cord-312964-vsrqmmv7.txt plain text: cord-312964-vsrqmmv7.txt item: #866 of 1203 id: cord-313301-7mkadtp9 author: Duffy, Siobain title: EVOLUTION OF HOST SPECIFICITY DRIVES REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AMONG RNA VIRUSES date: 2007-08-23 words: 6098 flesch: 38 summary: Although there was no direct selection acting on host range in our experiment, three of the four populations lost the ability to infect one or more alternative hosts. To more closely examine host range of an evolved virus clone, we first obtained a high-titer lysate (∼10 10 virus particles per mL) of the clone on the selected host, P. pseudoalcaligenes ERA. keywords: adaptation; evolution; host; isolation; populations; range; selection; virus; viruses cache: cord-313301-7mkadtp9.txt plain text: cord-313301-7mkadtp9.txt item: #867 of 1203 id: cord-313312-h607itv2 author: Mok, Darren Z. L. title: The Effects of Pre-Existing Antibodies on Live-Attenuated Viral Vaccines date: 2020-05-08 words: 7429 flesch: 25 summary: Consistent with the notion that sub-neutralizing cross-reactive antibodies can promote viral infection, the presence of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies can also increase the immunogenicity of flaviviral LAVs. In situations where pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies are unable to inhibit viral fusion processes intracellularly, high concentrations of antibodies may enable the formation of viral immune aggregates that influence the types of FcγRs engaged. keywords: antibodies; antibody; cell; cross; efficacy; immune; immunity; infection; influenza; measles; pre; responses; vaccine; virus cache: cord-313312-h607itv2.txt plain text: cord-313312-h607itv2.txt item: #868 of 1203 id: cord-313356-ninzeazy author: Fiorillo, Luca title: COVID-19 Surface Persistence: A Recent Data Summary and Its Importance for Medical and Dental Settings date: 2020-04-30 words: 3808 flesch: 47 summary: Concerning the persistence of the virus on different surfaces, and in particular on metals containing copper, these findings are interesting and could lead to the development of new surfaces with viricidal or bactericidal properties. [26] , aerosol and surface virus transmission is plausible, since it can remain viable and infectious for hours or days. keywords: bias; coronavirus; covid-19; days; persistence; sars; surfaces cache: cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt plain text: cord-313356-ninzeazy.txt item: #869 of 1203 id: cord-313598-2t40ss6h author: Ali, Mohsin title: Throat and nasal swabs for molecular detection of respiratory viruses in acute pharyngitis date: 2015-10-29 words: 2369 flesch: 42 summary: Some previous research suggests that flocked throat swabs may be superior to rayon throat swabs for respiratory viral detection. Manitoba: CPHLN Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of eight respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays Self-collected mid-turbinate swabs for the detection of respiratory viruses in adults with acute respiratory illnesses Development and evaluation of a flocked nasal midturbinate swab for self-collection in respiratory virus infection diagnostic testing Use of throat swabs or saliva specimens for detection of respiratory viruses in children The Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey (WURSS): A new research instrument for assessing the common cold Development of a respiratory virus panel test for detection of twenty human respiratory viruses by use of multiplex PCR and a fluid microbead-based assay Real-time PCR with an internal control for detection of all known human adenovirus serotypes Evaluation of a new rapid antigen test using immunochromatography for detection of human metapneumovirus in comparison with real-time PCR assay Simultaneous detection, subgrouping, and quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus A and B by realtime PCR Comparing nose-throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children with symptoms for respiratory virus identification using real-time polymerase chain reaction Development and assay of RNA transcripts of enterovirus species A to D, rhinovirus species a to C, and human parechovirus: assessment of assay sensitivity and specificity of real-time screening and typing methods Rapid PCR detection of Group A Streptococcus from flocked throat swabs: A retrospective clinical study Comparison of combined nose-throat swabs with nasopharyngeal aspirates for detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus by real-time reverse transcriptase Swabbing for respiratory viral infections in older patients: a comparison of rayon and nylon flocked swabs Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • keywords: detection; nasal; patients; swabs; throat; viruses cache: cord-313598-2t40ss6h.txt plain text: cord-313598-2t40ss6h.txt item: #870 of 1203 id: cord-314166-79323mzd author: Vanderford, Thomas H. title: Adaptation of a Diverse Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Population to a New Host Is Revealed through a Systematic Approach to Identify Amino Acid Sites under Selection date: 2006-12-11 words: 6458 flesch: 36 summary: To identify specific amino acid sites that may be responsible for the disparate evolutionary patterns of viruses replicating in the 2 monkey species, we applied 3 site-bysite analyses to detect particular codons under selection. In these studies, analysis of the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions have revealed particular genes or amino acid sites that are under positive diversifying selection pressure due to immune responses against these sites. keywords: acid; amino; et al; host; infection; rms; selection; sites; sms; virus cache: cord-314166-79323mzd.txt plain text: cord-314166-79323mzd.txt item: #871 of 1203 id: cord-314190-fvdock94 author: Florin, Todd A title: Viral bronchiolitis date: 2017-01-01 words: 7587 flesch: 30 summary: Viral bronchiolitis in children Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells Nasal mucociliary transport in healthy subjects is slower when breathing dry air Altitude and environmental climate eff ects on bronchiolitis severity among children presenting to the emergency department The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus Air pollution and acute respiratory infections among children 0-4 years of age: a 1-8 year time-series study Air pollution interacts with past episodes of bronchiolitis in the development of asthma Exposure to traffi c and early life respiratory infection: a cohort study Systematic literature review assessing tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for serious respiratory syncytial virus disease among infants and young children Severity of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is aff ected by cigarette smoke exposure and atopy Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among infants and young children in the United States Respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age Interleukin-9 polymorphism in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection: an opposite eff ect in boys and girls Kendig and Chernick's disorders of the respiratory tract in children Pathological changes in virus infections of the lower respiratory tract in children Bronchiolitis: lingering questions about its defi nition and the potential role of vitamin D Detection of new respiratory viruses in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis: a three-year prospective study Respiratory syncytial virus, human bocavirus and rhinovirus bronchiolitis in infants In very young infants severity of acute bronchiolitis depends on carried viruses Viral etiologies of infant bronchiolitis, croup and upper respiratory illness during 4 consecutive years Virus type and genomic load in acute bronchiolitis: severity and treatment response with inhaled adrenaline Prospective multicenter study of the viral etiology of bronchiolitis in the emergency department Prospective multicenter study of viral etiology and hospital length of stay in children with severe bronchiolitis Respiratory syncytial virus genomic load and disease severity among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis: multicenter cohort studies in the United States and Finland Evaluation of viral load in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis Dual infection of infants by human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with severe bronchiolitis Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defi ning clinically relevant cutoff values Detection of respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in healthy infants Respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia Bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management. Nasal irrigation with saline solution signifi cantly improves oxygen saturation in infants with bronchiolitis Decreasing unnecessary utilization in acute bronchiolitis care: results from the value in inpatient pediatrics network Eff ectiveness of chest physiotherapy in infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial Chest physiotherapy for acute bronchiolitis in paediatric patients between 0 and 24 months old Acute bronchiolitis: predisposing factors and characterization of infants at risk Asthma and allergy patterns over 18 years after severe RSV bronchiolitis in the fi rst year of life Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years Acute bronchiolitis in infancy as risk factor for wheezing and reduced pulmonary function by seven years in Akershus County A longitudinal study on early hospitalized airway infections and subsequent childhood asthma The severity-dependent relationship of infant bronchiolitis on the risk and morbidity of early childhood asthma Saline in acute bronchiolitis RCT and economic evaluation: hypertonic saline in acute bronchiolitis-randomised controlled trial and systematic review Added salmeterol versus higher-dose corticosteroid in asthma patients with symptoms on existing inhaled corticosteroid. keywords: bronchiolitis; children; evidence; hospital; hypertonic; infants; infection; length; oxygen; risk; saline; stay; studies; trial; virus cache: cord-314190-fvdock94.txt plain text: cord-314190-fvdock94.txt item: #872 of 1203 id: cord-314201-6njwigco author: Maher-Sturgess, Sheryl L title: Universal primers that amplify RNA from all three flavivirus subgroups date: 2008-01-24 words: 4628 flesch: 50 summary: The amplification of cDNA was followed by restriction enzyme digestion to identify a range of virus species [7] . Flavivirus detection and taxonomy has recently become more difficult with the determination of the nucleotide sequence of Tamana bat virus (TABV), and Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) keywords: cdna; flavivirus; gene; human; pcr; primers; regions; rna; sequence; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-314201-6njwigco.txt plain text: cord-314201-6njwigco.txt item: #873 of 1203 id: cord-314254-9ye8tfvz author: Pfaender, Stephanie title: Natural reservoirs for homologs of hepatitis C virus date: 2014-03-26 words: 6843 flesch: 42 summary: I. Transmission of disease, serial passages, and description of liver lesions Identification of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent Isolation of novel virus-like sequences associated with human hepatitis Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent Identification of GBV-D, a novel GB-like flavivirus from old world frugivorous bats (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh Molecular characterization of the hepatitis G virus Sequence and genomic organization of GBV-C: a novel member of the flaviviridae associated with human non-A-E hepatitis Characterization of hepatitis G virus (GB-C virus) particles: evidence for a nucleocapsid and expression of sequences upstream of the E1 protein The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and assignment web resource Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-alpha therapy Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus-15 years on New insights into the HCV quasispecies and compartmentalization Epidemiology of hepatitis C: geographic differences and temporal trends The epidemic behavior of the hepatitis C virus The origin and evolution of hepatitis viruses in humans Glycosylation of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins Role of N-linked glycans in the functions of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins incorporated into infectious virions Nonprimate hepaciviruses in domestic horses, United kingdom A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans Bats carry pathogenic hepadnaviruses antigenically related to hepatitis B virus and capable of infecting human hepatocytes Analysis of hepatitis C virus intrahost diversity across the coding region by ultradeep pyrosequencing Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis Identification of a pegivirus (GB virus-like virus) that infects horses A cross-species view on viruses Global trends in emerging infectious diseases A strategy to estimate unknown viral diversity in mammals Virology: the virus whose family expanded Bats and viruses: friend or foe? To date, there is no evidence for an animal reservoir of viruses closely related to hepatitis C virus which may have crossed the species barrier to cause disease in humans and resulted in the current pandemic. keywords: bats; gbv; hcv; hepaciviruses; hepatitis; horses; infection; liver; nphv; proteins; rna; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-314254-9ye8tfvz.txt plain text: cord-314254-9ye8tfvz.txt item: #874 of 1203 id: cord-314325-nquov2i0 author: Murphy, F.A. title: Epidemiology of Human and Animal Viral Diseases date: 2008-07-30 words: 5496 flesch: 34 summary: The risk of infection or disease in a population is determined by characteristics of the virus, the host, and the host population, as well as behavioral, environmental, and ecological factors that affect virus transmission from one host to another. The risk of infection or disease in a population is determined by characteristics of the virus, the host, and the host population, as well as behavioral, environmental, and ecological factors that affect virus transmission from one host to another. keywords: animal; control; disease; epidemic; epidemiology; host; infections; population; study; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-314325-nquov2i0.txt plain text: cord-314325-nquov2i0.txt item: #875 of 1203 id: cord-314390-q36ye9ff author: Kang, Gagandeep title: Viral Diarrhea date: 2016-10-24 words: 6023 flesch: 37 summary: Infections with gastroenteritis viruses differ from bacterial enteric infections in that they affect children in both developing and developed countries, suggesting that they may also be transmitted by means unrelated to contaminated food or water (Cheng et al., 2005) . Rotavirus infections can be severe and sometimes fatal in individuals of any age who are immunosuppressed for bone marrow transplantation. keywords: cause; children; countries; diarrhea; disease; gastroenteritis; infections; noroviruses; outbreaks; rotavirus; studies cache: cord-314390-q36ye9ff.txt plain text: cord-314390-q36ye9ff.txt item: #876 of 1203 id: cord-314825-fzba05wn author: Chauhan, Ravendra P. title: A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide date: 2020-05-08 words: 22381 flesch: 51 summary: H9N2 seroprevalence among pig population and pig farm staff in Shandong Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus and influenza A virus infection in farmed wild boars in China Identification of a potential novel type of influenza virus in Bovine in China Emergence of avian H1N1 influenza viruses in pigs in China Receptor specificity in human, avian, and equine H2 and H3 influenza virus isolates H9N2 influenza A viruses from poultry in Asia have human virus-like receptor specificity First report of seroprevalence of swine influenza A virus in Tibetan pigs in Tibet Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of important pig viral diseases in Bhutan Serologic evidence of human influenza virus infections in swine populations Influenza A Virus in Backyard Pigs and Poultry in Rural Cambodia An outbreak of influenza in the swine with Hong Kong influenza virus (author's transl) Antigenic and genetic analysis of A/Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza viruses isolated from swine and man The follow-up study of swine and Hong Kong influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs Isolation of a recombinant influenza virus (Hsw 1 N2) from swine in Japan Sero-epizootiological study on swine influenza in a prefecture of Japan Further isolation of a recombinant virus (H1N2, formerly Hsw1N2) from a pig in Japan in 1980 The possible origin H1N1 (Hsw1N1) virus in the swine population of Japan and antigenic analysis of the isolates Prevalence of antibody to influenza C virus among pigs in Hyogo Prefecture Distribution of the antibody to influenza C virus in dogs and pigs in Yamagata Prefecture Continued circulation of reassortant H1N2 influenza viruses in pigs in Japan Novel reassortant influenza A(H1N2) virus derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated from swine Occurrence of a pig respiratory disease associated with swine influenza A (H1N2) virus in Tochigi Prefecture Prevalence of antibodies to type A influenza viruses in swine sera 1990-1994 Antigenic and genetic characteristics of H1N1 human influenza virus isolated from pigs in Japan Genomic reassortants of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 virus and endemic porcine H1 and H3 viruses in swine in Japan Influenza A virus infection Serological survey of influenza A virus infection in Japanese wild boars (Sus scrofa leucomystax) Isolation of H3N2 swine influenza virus in South Korea Genetic characterization of H7N2 influenza virus isolated from pigs Detection and isolation of H1N1 influenza virus from pigs in Korea Localization of swine influenza virus in naturally infected pigs First outbreak of respiratory disease associated with swine influenza H1N2 virus in pigs in Korea Serologic surveillance of swine H1 and H3 and avian H5 and H9 influenza A virus infections in swine population in Korea Genetic and antigenic characterization of swine H1N2 influenza viruses isolated from Korean pigs Isolation of influenza A(H3N2)v virus from pigs and characterization of its biological properties in pigs and mice Isolation and genetic characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses from pigs in Korea Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of H1N1 swine influenza virus isolated in Korea Phylogenetic analysis of swine influenza viruses recently isolated in Korea Isolation and characterization of novel H3N1 swine influenza viruses from pigs with respiratory diseases in Korea Evidence of human-to-swine transmission of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus in South Korea Identification of reassortant pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in Korean pigs Phylogenetic analysis of a swine influenza A(H3N2) virus isolated in Korea in 2012 Serological evidence for influenza virus infection in Korean wild boars Complete Genome Sequence of H1N1 Swine Influenza Virus from Pigs in the Republic of Korea in 2016 Isolation and serological characterization of influenza A virus from a pig in Thailand The first isolation of swine H1N1 influenza viruses from pigs in Thailand Genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses isolated from pigs during 2000 to 2005 in Thailand. Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09; antibodies; avian; farm; h1n1; h1n1 virus; h1n2; h3n2; h3n2 viruses; human; iav; infection; influenza; influenza virus; isolates; pandemic; pigs; reassortant; samples; swine; swine influenza; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-314825-fzba05wn.txt plain text: cord-314825-fzba05wn.txt item: #877 of 1203 id: cord-315037-lmur80te author: Lin, Chien-Yu title: Increased Detection of Viruses in Children with Respiratory Tract Infection Using PCR date: 2020-01-15 words: 4192 flesch: 37 summary: Systematic review and meta-analysis The clinical significance of filmarray respiratory panel in diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia Comparison of real-time pcr assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children Rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time pcr for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4 Public health responses to reemergence of animal rabies Frequent detection of viral coinfection in children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection using a real-time polymerase chain reaction An economical tandem multiplex real-time pcr technique for the detection of a comprehensive range of respiratory pathogens Real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of human metapneumoviruses from all known genetic lineages Design and performance testing of quantitative real time pcr assays for influenza a and b viral load measurement Simultaneous detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial viruses and subtyping of influenza a h3n2 virus and h1n1 (2009) virus by multiplex real-time pcr Rapid testing for respiratory syncytial virus in a paediatric emergency department: Benefits for infection control and bed management Viral respiratory tract infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients in the era of molecular testing The use of antimicrobial agents after diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults: Antibiotics or anxiolytics? Antimicrobial drug prescription in ambulatory care settings, united states Antibiotics for bronchiolitis in children Reducing unnecessary chest x-rays, antibiotics and bronchodilators through implementation of the nice bronchiolitis guideline Viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in northern Taiwan Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex pcr among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in delhi from Etiologic spectrum and occurrence of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia Respiratory virus of severe pneumonia in south korea: Prevalence and clinical implications Differential risk of hospitalization among single virus infections causing influenza like illnesses Epidemiological study of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in Taiwanese children between Prolonged seasonality of respiratory syncytial virus infection among preterm infants in a subtropical climate Global respiratory syncytial virus-associated mortality in young children (rsv gold): A retrospective case series Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children Etiology and impact of coinfections in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia Table S2 A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease Identification of a new human coronavirus Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US Children Viral pneumonia Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US Respiratory viral infections during the first 28 days after transplantation in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients Unrecognized viral respiratory tract infections in premature infants during their birth hospitalization: A prospective surveillance study in two neonatal intensive care units Implementation of rapid diagnostics with antimicrobial stewardship The role of multiplex pcr in respiratory tract infections in children Early diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections (point-of-care tests) Etiological diagnosis reduces the use of antibiotics in infants with bronchiolitis Casas, I. Spectrum of respiratory viruses in children with community-acquired pneumonia Resisting the use of antibiotics for viral infections Diagnostic value of respiratory virus detection in symptomatic children using real-time pcr Are we ready for novel detection methods to treat respiratory pathogens in hospital-acquired pneumonia? Multiplex pcr system for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection: keywords: children; detection; infection; pcr; rsv; specimens; tests; viruses cache: cord-315037-lmur80te.txt plain text: cord-315037-lmur80te.txt item: #878 of 1203 id: cord-315131-4yb2b70g author: Hammerschmidt, Sven title: Threat of infection: Microbes of high pathogenic potential – strategies for detection, control and eradication date: 2005-06-28 words: 7181 flesch: 33 summary: The endothelium is affected in two ways: directly by virus infection leading to activation and lytic replication and indirectly by a mediator-induced inflammatory response. A landmark of infectious diseases research is the chemical synthesis of genomes, a major new field of research referred to as “synthetic biology”, that to date has resulted in the chemical synthesis of the poliovirus and of phage φX174 genomes and their expression as infectious viruses. keywords: cells; countries; diseases; eradication; et al; fever; gene; human; poliovirus; shiga; toxin; transport; type; vaccination; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-315131-4yb2b70g.txt plain text: cord-315131-4yb2b70g.txt item: #879 of 1203 id: cord-315167-ph15z424 author: Goka, E. A. title: Pan-human coronavirus and human bocavirus SYBR Green and TaqMan PCR assays; use in studying influenza A viruses co-infection and risk of hospitalization date: 2014-12-05 words: 3313 flesch: 44 summary: [12] showed that, since 2005, over 40 studies conducted globally identified human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory virus infections; and that most of these prevalence studies found hBoV occurring mainly together with other viruses. The Genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus Major genetic marker of nidoviruses encodes a replicative endoribonuclease Simple absolute quantification method correcting for quantitative PCR efficiency variations for microbial community samples SYBR Green real-time reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction assay for the generic detection of coronaviruses A pancoronavirus RT-PCR assay for detection of all known coronaviruses Comprehensive detection and identification of human coronaviruses, including the SARS-associated coronavirus, with a single RT-PCR assay Real-time PCR for diagnosis of human bocavirus infections and phylogenetic analysis Real-time PCR assays for detection of bocavirus in human specimens World Health Organisation (WHO): H1N1 in post-pandemic period Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Molecular epidemiology of the novel coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical characteristics and outcomes in hospitalized patients with respiratory viral co-infection during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in Antananarivo Community-acquired respiratory viruses and co-infection among patients of Ontario sentinel practices Influenza A, viruses dual and multiple infections with other respiratory viruses and risk of hospitalisation and mortality. keywords: assay; coronavirus; hbov; hcov; human; infections; influenza; pcr; viruses cache: cord-315167-ph15z424.txt plain text: cord-315167-ph15z424.txt item: #880 of 1203 id: cord-315339-dcui85lw author: Broadbent, Andrew J. title: Respiratory Virus Vaccines date: 2015-03-13 words: 28291 flesch: 26 summary: Type I interferons keep activated T cells alive A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a phase I clinical trial Antigenic structure of the human respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein and relevance of hypermutation events for the generation of antigenic variants The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta Subcellular localization of Toll-like receptor 3 in human dendritic cells The functional heterogeneity of type 1 effector T cells in response to infection is related to the potential for IFNgamma production AS03-adjuvanted versus non-adjuvanted inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine against seasonal influenza in elderly people Regulation of IgA synthesis and immune response by T cells and interleukins Innate immune control and regulation of influenza virus infections IL-15 trans-presentation by pulmonary dendritic cells promotes effector CD8 T cell survival during influenza virus infection Host DNA released in response to aluminum adjuvant enhances MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation and prolongs CD4 T-cell interactions with dendritic cells Memory CD4 + T cells protect against influenza through multiple synergizing mechanisms Structure of respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein in the postfusion conformation reveals preservation of neutralizing epitopes The human cytotoxic T cell response to influenza A vaccination Adaptive strategies of the influenza virus polymerase for replication in humans Live attenuated influenza vaccine induces cross-reactive antibody responses in children against an a/Fujian/411/2002-like H3N2 antigenic variant strain Immunoglobulin A (IgA): molecular and cellular interactions involved in IgA biosynthesis and immune response Intestinal IgA: novel views on its function in the defence of the largest mucosal surface The influence of HIV infection on antibody responses to a two-dose regimen of influenza vaccine Human genetic factors and respiratory syncytial virus disease severity Oral immunization with influenza virus in biodegradable microspheres Human immune responses to influenza virus vaccines administered by systemic or mucosal routes Respiratory syncytial virus synergizes with Th2 cytokines to induce optimal levels of TARC/CCL17 Comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines Naive CD4(+) T cell frequency varies for different epitopes and predicts repertoire diversity and response magnitude ISCOM, a delivery system for parenteral and mucosal vaccination Adjuvant system AS03 containing alpha-tocopherol modulates innate immune response and leads to improved adaptive immunity H5N1 influenza vaccine formulated with AS03 A induces strong crossreactive and polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses Roles of CD4 + T-cell-independent and -dependent antibody responses in the control of influenza virus infection: evidence for noncognate CD4 + T-cell activities that enhance the therapeutic activity of antiviral antibodies Antigenicity and immunogenicity of equine influenza vaccines containing a carbomer adjuvant The molecular basis of the pathogenicity of the Dutch highly pathogenic human influenza A H7N7 viruses Formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine induces antibodies to the fusion glycoprotein that are deficient in fusion-inhibiting activity Association of serum anti-neuraminidase antibody with resistance to influenza in man Pathological study of archival lung tissues from five fatal cases of avian H5N1 influenza in Vietnam Systems biology of vaccination for seasonal influenza in humans Alum-adjuvanted H5N1 whole virion inactivated vaccine (WIV) induced IgG1 and IgG4 antibody responses in young children Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge Influenza virus-infected epithelial cells present viral antigens to antigen-specific CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes Gamma interferon is not required for mucosal cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses or heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus infection in mice Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus infection requires B cells but not CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes Heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus infection requires a properly diversified antibody repertoire A novel M cell-specific carbohydrate-targeted mucosal vaccine effectively induces antigenspecific immune responses A 39-kDa protein on activated helper T cells binds CD40 and transduces the signal for cognate activation of B cells Endogenous naive CD8 + T cell precursor frequency regulates primary and memory responses to infection Vaccination strategies for mucosal immune responses Recent developments in adjuvants for vaccines against infectious diseases Prevention of antigenically drifted influenza by inactivated and live attenuated vaccines Prevention of symptomatic seasonal influenza in 2005-2006 by inactivated and live attenuated vaccines Caspase-1, caspase-8, and calpain are dispensable for IL-33 release by macrophages A common neutralizing epitope conserved between the hemagglutinins of influenza A virus H1 and H2 strains Protection against the mouse-adapted A/FM/1/47 strain of influenza A virus in mice by a monoclonal antibody with cross-neutralizing activity among H1 and H2 strains Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and metaanalysis Effect of priming with H1N1 influenza viruses of variable antigenic distances on challenge with 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus Orthomyxoviridae: the viruses and their replication The majority of studies evaluating respiratory virus vaccines measure serum antibody responses, because, although both cellular and humoral responses contribute to the clearance of a primary infection, neutralizing antibodies are known to protect against secondary infection. keywords: addition; antibodies; antibody; antibody responses; antigen; cd4; cd8; cell responses; cells; challenge; children; disease; et al; host; human; iga; immune; immunity; infection; influenza; influenza infection; influenza vaccines; influenza virus; live; mice; mucosal; protection; protein; replication; responses; rsv; sars; serum; specific; syncytial; t cells; tract; type; vaccination; vaccine; virus; virus infection; virus vaccine; viruses cache: cord-315339-dcui85lw.txt plain text: cord-315339-dcui85lw.txt item: #881 of 1203 id: cord-315346-ebfjba4y author: Cummings, Kristin J. title: Exposure to Influenza Virus Aerosols in the Hospital Setting: Is Routine Patient Care an Aerosol Generating Procedure? date: 2014-03-04 words: 969 flesch: 33 summary: key: cord-315346-ebfjba4y authors: Cummings, Kristin J.; Martin, Stephen B.; Lindsley, William G.; Othumpangat, Sreekumar; Blachere, Francoise M.; Noti, John D.; Beezhold, Donald H.; Roidad, Nasira; Parker, John E.; Weissman, David N. title: Exposure to Influenza Virus Aerosols in the Hospital Setting: Is Routine Patient Care an Aerosol Generating Procedure? date: 2014-03-04 journal: Journal of Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu127 sha: doc_id: 315346 cord_uid: ebfjba4y nan We read with interest the article by Bischoff et al, in which they describe detection of influenza virus in aerosols around hospitalized patients with influenza virus infection who were receiving routine care Although genetic comparison to the patient's virus was not performed, the pattern suggested a source of influenza virus other than the patient and underscored the challenges of studying and controlling influenza virus transmission in the hospital setting. keywords: influenza; patient; virus cache: cord-315346-ebfjba4y.txt plain text: cord-315346-ebfjba4y.txt item: #882 of 1203 id: cord-315781-dejh8q22 author: Konishi, Tomokazu title: Re-evaluation of the evolution of influenza H1 viruses using direct PCA date: 2019-12-17 words: 4592 flesch: 59 summary: www.nature.com/scientificreports/ One of the major differences observed was the direct shift from avian to swine or human viruses. Drifts and spreading: the genomes of the R group of human viruses have been changing yearly (Figs. 2A-C and S4A). keywords: fig; groups; human; influenza; segments; strains; swine; viruses cache: cord-315781-dejh8q22.txt plain text: cord-315781-dejh8q22.txt item: #883 of 1203 id: cord-315918-12rbbe8c author: Mukherjee, Pulok K. title: Antiviral Evaluation of Herbal Drugs date: 2019-06-21 words: 12824 flesch: 39 summary: Many combinations of test viruses are possible, but a battery of six viruses seems to be quite acceptable. This assay is applicable for HIV-1, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and simian-HIV and is carried out in TZM-bl cells as it reveal the reduction in Tat-induced luciferase (Luc) reporter gene expression after a single round of virus infection. keywords: acid; activities; activity; antiviral; assay; cells; compounds; control; culture; drug; et al; extracts; herpes; hiv; incubate; infection; medicinal; medium; plant; replication; screening; test; virus; viruses cache: cord-315918-12rbbe8c.txt plain text: cord-315918-12rbbe8c.txt item: #884 of 1203 id: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e author: Morgan, Marcus title: Why meaning-making matters: the case of the UK Government’s COVID-19 response date: 2020-10-15 words: 25750 flesch: 46 summary: Government actions had failed to conform with the genre under which they were narrativizing the crisis, revealing a de-fused performance that wreaked havoc on the coherence of their drama. It Was Like a Fever: Storytelling in Protest and Politics Conjectures and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge Liverpool v Atlético virus links 'interesting hypothesis', says government scientist. keywords: action; british; coronavirus; covid-19; crisis; cummings; day; death; disease; drama; events; genre; government; guardian; health; home; johnson; life; lockdown; march; meaning; mimetic; narrative; nhs; period; public; response; ritual; time; turner; virus; war; way; workers cache: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt plain text: cord-316063-9bg2dm8e.txt item: #885 of 1203 id: cord-316245-n6tmn4ph author: Cui, Binglin title: Viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections among children and associated meteorological factors in southern China date: 2015-03-13 words: 4999 flesch: 39 summary: Characteristics and the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the correlation with climatic factors of hospitalized children in Suzhou children's hospital Seasonal influenza activity in Hong Kong and its association with meteorological variations Comparison of the incidence of influenza in relation to climate factors during 2000-2007 in five countries Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years Seasonal patterns of viral and bacterial infections among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region A seasonal model to simulate influenza oscillation in Tokyo Association of meteorological factors with childhood viral acute respiratory infections in subtropical China: an analysis over 11 years Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection among paediatric patients in Hong Kong: seasonality and disease impact Climatic, temporal, and geographic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus disease in a tropical island population Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on coronavirus survival on surfaces Incidence of common respiratory viral infections related to climate factors in hospitalized children in Hong Kong Distribution and risk factors of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in mainland China Comparison of the NucliSens Basic kit (Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification) and the Argene Biosoft Enterovirus Consensus Reverse Transcription-PCR assays for rapid detection of enterovirus RNA in clinical specimens Continued seasonal circulation of enterovirus D68 in the Netherlands Rhinovirus C and respiratory exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient online submission • The role of infections and coinfections with newly identified and emerging respiratory viruses in children High rate of viral identification and coinfections in infants with acute bronchiolitis Viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children aged less than 3 years old: High rate of viral coinfection Impact of viral infections in children with community-acquired pneumonia: results of a study of 17 respiratory viruses Multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections Polymicrobial Acute Respiratory Infections in a Hospital-Based Pediatric Population Development and evaluation of a four-tube real time multiplex PCR assay covering fourteen respiratory viruses, and comparison to its corresponding single target counterparts Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for comprehensive detection of human rhinoviruses Clusters of acute respiratory illness associated with human enterovirus 68-Asia, Europe, and United States multi-centre study in the Netherlands examining laboratory ability to detect enterovirus 68, an emerging respiratory pathogen Surveillance of 16 respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Nanjing Etiology and seasonality of viral respiratory infections in rural honduran children Acute viral respiratory infection in children under 5 years: Epidemiological study in two centers in Respiratory viral infections detected by multiplex PCR among pediatric patients with lower respiratory tract infections seen at an urban hospital in Delhi from RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study Broad respiratory virus detection in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by use of a multiplex RT-PCR DNA microarray system Co-infections with influenza and other respiratory viruses The epidemiology and etiology of influenza-like illness in Chinese children from 2008 to 2010 Mixed respiratory virus infections Viral etiology of common cold in children Associations between Pathogens in the Upper Respiratory Tract of Young Children: Interplay between Viruses and Bacteria Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defining clinically relevant cutoff values Detection and typing by molecular techniques of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection in Rome, Italy Multiple simultaneous viral infections in infants with acute respiratory tract infections in Spain Viral etiology of influenza-like illnesses in cameroon Viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children presenting to hospital: role of polymerase chain reaction and demonstration of multiple infections Comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and nasopharyngeal wash collection methods for respiratory virus detection in hospitalized children using real-time polymerase chain reaction Evidence from multiplex molecular assays for complex multipathogen interactions in acute respiratory infections Are meteorological parameters associated with acute respiratory tract infections? keywords: children; hrv; infections; piv3; respiratory; study; viruses cache: cord-316245-n6tmn4ph.txt plain text: cord-316245-n6tmn4ph.txt item: #886 of 1203 id: cord-316273-vo6j8zb0 author: Cosset, François-Loic title: Cell Entry of Enveloped Viruses date: 2011-02-08 words: 23445 flesch: 28 summary: Vectors derived from HIV pseudotyped with Sendai virus fusion protein F (Kowolik and Yee, 2002) or E1E2 from hepatitis C virus (Bartosch et al., 2003) , and such vectors are able to transduce human hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes efficiently, although they are unable to enter nonliver cells. Both p62 and prM are cleaved by the cellular protease furin late in the secretory pathway, in a maturation reaction that is a crucial regulatory step for subsequent virus fusion (Salminen et al., 1992; Stadler et al., 1997; Wengler, 1989; Zhang et al., 2003a) . keywords: activation; binding; c virus; cell; cell fusion; changes; class; cleavage; domain; ebola; endocytosis; entry; envelope; envelope glycoprotein; envgp; et al; fusion; fusion peptide; fusion proteins; glycoprotein; hepatitis; hiv; hiv-1; host; human; infection; inhibitors; membrane fusion; pathway; process; receptor; structure; surface; transmembrane; type; virus; virus entry; virus fusion; virus glycoprotein; viruses cache: cord-316273-vo6j8zb0.txt plain text: cord-316273-vo6j8zb0.txt item: #887 of 1203 id: cord-316295-x636ux34 author: Roth, Bernhard title: Isolation of influenza viruses in MDCK 33016PF cells and clearance of contaminating respiratory viruses date: 2012-01-11 words: 4143 flesch: 39 summary: Collaborative studies have been initiated to investigate the growth and yield of influenza viruses in different cell lines, the efficiency and fidelity of influenza virus isolation, and the suitability for vaccine manufacture of different cell substrates key: cord-316295-x636ux34 authors: Roth, Bernhard; Mohr, Hannah; Enders, Martin; Garten, Wolfgang; Gregersen, Jens-Peter title: Isolation of influenza viruses in MDCK 33016PF cells and clearance of contaminating respiratory viruses date: 2012-01-11 journal: Vaccine DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.063 sha: doc_id: 316295 cord_uid: x636ux34 keywords: cells; growth; influenza; mdck; pcr; results; samples; virus; viruses cache: cord-316295-x636ux34.txt plain text: cord-316295-x636ux34.txt item: #888 of 1203 id: cord-316682-4360s2yu author: Fischer, William A. title: Personal Protective Equipment: Protecting Health Care Providers in an Ebola Outbreak date: 2015-11-01 words: 5053 flesch: 41 summary: http:// data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.PHYS.ZS?order= wbapi_data_value_2010þwbapi_data_value&sort=asc Lessons learned: protection of healthcare workers from infectious disease risks Cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases among protected health care workers-Toronto Contamination: a comparison of 2 personal protective systems Uncertainty, risk analysis and change for Ebola personal protective equipment guidelines Ebola haemorrhagic fever Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome Transmission of Ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread Report of a WHO/International Study Team Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts Lethal experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Ebola-Zaire (Mayinga) virus by the oral and conjunctival route of exposure Schmiedel S. A case of severe Ebola virus infection complicated by gramnegative septicemia Postmortem stability of Ebola virus Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: risk factors for patients without a reported exposure The survival of filoviruses in liquids, on solid substrates and in a dynamic aerosol Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites What we're afraid to say about Ebola. This review connects what is known about Ebola virus transmission with personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to arrest nosocomial transmission. keywords: care; ebola; hcp; health; infection; patients; ppe; risk; transmission; use; virus cache: cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt plain text: cord-316682-4360s2yu.txt item: #889 of 1203 id: cord-316894-zhmuzv7z author: Stetzenbach, L.D. title: Airborne Infectious Microorganisms date: 2009-02-17 words: 4394 flesch: 38 summary: Inhalation of microbial aerosols can elicit adverse human health effects including infection, allergic reaction, inflammation, and respiratory disease. H5N1, H7N2, H9N2, and H7N3 Strains of avian influenza A viruses that have been linked to respiratory disease in humans. keywords: airborne; bacteria; disease; exposure; human; infection; influenza; inhalation; particles; result; viruses cache: cord-316894-zhmuzv7z.txt plain text: cord-316894-zhmuzv7z.txt item: #890 of 1203 id: cord-316951-1swlhdz5 author: Kennedy, Melissa title: General concepts of virology date: 2005-03-01 words: 1643 flesch: 45 summary: key: cord-316951-1swlhdz5 authors: Kennedy, Melissa; Greenacre, Cheryl B. title: General concepts of virology date: 2005-03-01 journal: Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2004.09.010 sha: doc_id: 316951 cord_uid: 1swlhdz5 A basic understanding of viruses and how they replicate and produce disease can aid in the management of virus infections. A basic understanding of viruses and how they replicate and produce disease can aid in the management of virus infections. keywords: cell; disease; virus; viruses cache: cord-316951-1swlhdz5.txt plain text: cord-316951-1swlhdz5.txt item: #891 of 1203 id: cord-316996-8yimrpaz author: Nicholls, John M. title: The use of sialidase therapy for respiratory viral infections date: 2013-04-17 words: 7357 flesch: 33 summary: A review Deaths from bacterial pneumonia during 1918-19 influenza pandemic Diversity of the human erythrocyte membrane sialic acids in relation with blood groups The multiple roles of amphiregulin in human cancer Sialidase substrate specificity studies using chemoenzymatically synthesized sialosides containing C5-modified sialic acids DAS181 inhibits H5N1 influenza virus infection of human lung tissues Advances in the biology and chemistry of sialic acids Treatment of parainfluenza 3 infection with DAS181 in a patient after allogeneic stem cell transplantation The release of N-acetyl-and N-glycolloyl-neuraminic acid from soluble complex carbohydrates and erythrocytes by bacterial, viral and mammalian sialidases The specificity of viral and bacterial sialidases for alpha(2-3)-and alpha(2-6)-linked sialic acids in glycoproteins Metabolism of vertebrate amino sugars with N-glycolyl groups: resistance of alpha2-8-linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid to enzymatic cleavage DAS181 treatment of severe parainfluenza type 3 pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient On the relationship between the indicator profile and prosthetic group of mucoproteins inhibitory for influenza virus haemagglutinin The Ashwell receptor mitigates the lethal coagulopathy of sepsis Effects of hexose starvation and the role of sialic acid in influenza virus release Unveiling the burden of influenza-associated pneumococcal pneumonia Structural and functional studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae neuraminidase B: an intramolecular trans-sialidase Clinical potential of DAS181 for treatment of parainfluenza-3 infections in transplant recipients Clinical and microbiological features of subjects with adult periodontitis who responded poorly to scaling and root planing 4-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid in the N-linked carbohydrate structures of equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulins, potent inhibitors of influenza virus infection The animal sialyltransferases and sialyltransferase-related genes: a phylogenetic approach Sialidasebased anti-influenza virus therapy protects against secondary pneumococcal infection The viral sigma1 protein and glycoconjugates containing alpha2-3-linked sialic acid are involved in type 1 reovirus adherence to M cell apical surfaces Airborne transmission of influenza A/ H5N1 virus between ferrets Polysialylation of NCAM Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus Toll-like receptor 2 mediates fatal immunopathology in mice during treatment of secondary pneumococcal pneumonia following influenza Features and applications of bacterial sialidases O-acetylation of sialic acids A safety evaluation of DAS181, a sialidase fusion protein, in rodents Sialic acid-specific lectins: occurrence, specificity and function Binding of viral attachment protein to host-cell receptor: the Achilles heel of infectious viruses The recognition event between virus and host cell receptor: a target for antiviral agents Novel inhibitor design for hemagglutinin against H1N1 influenza virus by core hopping method Limit dilution analysis of peripheral blood T lymphocytes specific to periodontopathic bacteria Sialidase fusion protein as a novel broad-spectrum inhibitor of influenza virus infection Pneumococcal neuraminidases A and B both have essential roles during infection of the respiratory tract and sepsis Investigation of 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoconjugates in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Recombinant influenza C hemagglutininesterase as a probe for sialic acid 9-O-acetylation Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium Influenza enhances susceptibility to natural acquisition of and disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in ferrets A recombinant sialidase fusion protein effectively inhibits human parainfluenza viral infection in vitro and in vivo Entry of parainfluenza virus into cells as a target for interrupting childhood respiratory disease A Phase II study of DAS181, a novel host directed antiviral for the treatment of influenza infection Proposed lead molecules against Hemagglutinin of avian influenza virus (H5N1) Invasive pneumococcal disease and pandemic (H1N1) The structure of Clostridium perfringens NanI sialidase and its catalytic intermediates Sialic acid receptor detection in the human respiratory tract: evidence for widespread distribution of potential binding sites for human and avian influenza viruses Comment on: concerns of using sialidase fusion protein as an experimental drug to combat seasonal and pandemic influenza Sialoadhesin -A macrophagerestricted marker of immunoregulation and inflammation Glycan terminator Restoration of specific myxovirus receptors to asialoerythrocytes by incorporation of sialic acid with pure sialyltransferases Variation in the presence of neuraminidase genes among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with identical sequence types Adherence of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae to tracheal epithelium of mice infected with influenza A/PR8 virus Convergent pathways for utilization of the amino sugars N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmannosamine, and N-acetylneuraminic acid by Escherichia coli Human parainfluenza virus type 3 HN-receptor interaction: effect of 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en on a neuraminidase-deficient variant Basis for the potent inhibition of influenza virus infection by equine and guinea pig alpha 2-macroglobulin Recognition of monovalent sialosides by influenza virus H3 hemagglutinin Amino acid change 335 E to K affects the sialic-acid-binding and neuraminidase activities of Urabe AM9 mumps virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein Receptor determinants of human and animal influenza virus isolates: differences in receptor specificity of the H3 hemagglutinin based on species of origin Differential sensitivity of human, avian, and equine influenza A viruses to a glycoprotein inhibitor of infection: selection of receptor specific variants O-Acetylated sialic acids and their role in immune defense Chemistry and biology of the acylneuraminic acids Achievements and challenges of sialic acid research Amphiregulin: a bifunctional growth-modulating glycoprotein produced by the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 A sialylated glycan microarray reveals novel interactions of modified sialic acids with proteins and viruses Minimal molecular constraints for respiratory droplet transmission of an avian-human H9N2 influenza A virus keywords: acid; binding; cell; das181; desialylation; et al; human; infection; influenza; receptor; sialidase; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-316996-8yimrpaz.txt plain text: cord-316996-8yimrpaz.txt item: #892 of 1203 id: cord-317198-mean7sj9 author: Giamberardin, Heloisa I.G. title: Clinical and epidemiological features of respiratory virus infections in preschool children over two consecutive influenza seasons in southern Brazil date: 2016-02-09 words: 3538 flesch: 40 summary: key: cord-317198-mean7sj9 authors: Giamberardin, Heloisa I.G.; Homsani, Sheila; Bricks, Lucia F.; Pacheco, Ana P.O.; Guedes, Matilde; Debur, Maria C.; Raboni, Sonia M. title: Clinical and epidemiological features of respiratory virus infections in preschool children over two consecutive influenza seasons in southern Brazil date: 2016-02-09 journal: J Med Virol DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24477 sha: doc_id: 317198 cord_uid: mean7sj9 This study reports the results of a systematic screening for respiratory viruses in pediatric outpatients from an emergency department (ED) in southern Brazil during two consecutive influenza seasons. The proportion of influenza virus infection in the population studied was between 5% and 12% (95% CI, 0.05-0.12). keywords: children; infections; influenza; patients; study; viruses cache: cord-317198-mean7sj9.txt plain text: cord-317198-mean7sj9.txt item: #893 of 1203 id: cord-317244-4su5on6s author: Maganga, Gael D. title: Identification of an Unclassified Paramyxovirus in Coleura afra: A Potential Case of Host Specificity date: 2014-12-31 words: 3483 flesch: 45 summary: A new mouse paramyxovirus (J virus) Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel cytopathogenic paramyxovirus from tree shrews Complete genome sequence of a novel paramyxovirus, Tailam virus, discovered in Sikkim rats Identification and phylogenetic comparison of Salem virus, a novel paramyxovirus of horses Reproduction and nutritional stress are risk factors for Hendra virus infection in little red flying foxes Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses Encephalitis caused by a lyssavirus in fruit bats in Australia Airborne transmission of lyssaviruses Rabies in nonhematophagous bats Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats Sensitive and broadly reactive reverse transcription-PCR assays to detect novel paramyxoviruses Marburg virus infection detected in a common African bat Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic Fever outbreak in Uganda Basic local alignment search tool MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance and Maximum Parsimony Methods MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats Studies of Reservoir Hosts for Marburg Virus Genomic characterizations of bat coronaviruses (1A, 1B and HKU8) and evidence for co-infections in Miniopterus bats Isolation of Hendra virus from pteropid bats: a natural reservoir of Hendra virus Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses Novel astroviruses in insectivorous bats Bat white-nose syndrome: an emerging fungal pathogen? Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome Pathogenesis studies with Australian bat lyssavirus in grey-headed flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus) Bats and Lyssaviruses Discovery of an Ebolavirus-Like Filovirus in Europe Nipah virus infection in bats (Order Chiroptera) in Peninsular Malaysia Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Is Marburg Virus Enzootic in Gabon? Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans Risk factor for Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats Paramyxovirus and Pneumovirus diseases of animals and birds: comparatives aspects and diagnosis Dionisia bunoi n. g. n. sp., Haemoproteidae parasite du microchiroptè re Hipposideros cyclops au Gabon The chiropteran haemosporidian Polychromophilus melanipherus: A worldwide species complex restricted to the family Many authors suggested that persistence in the absence of pathology or disease appears to be a common characteristic of bat viruses in their natural host population [28, 29] . keywords: afra; bats; belpv; host; paramyxovirus; pcr; rna; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-317244-4su5on6s.txt plain text: cord-317244-4su5on6s.txt item: #894 of 1203 id: cord-317277-rr9zue4l author: Cifuentes-Munoz, Nicolas title: Viral cell-to-cell spread: Conventional and non-conventional ways date: 2020-09-29 words: 13111 flesch: 30 summary: Cell-cell transmission enables HIV-1 to evade inhibition by potent CD4bs directed antibodies Extracellular vesicles: vehicles of en bloc viral transmission Casein kinase 2 regulates vaccinia virus actin tail formation The formin FHOD1 and the small GTPase Rac1 promote vaccinia virus actin-based motility Unique features of HIV-1 spread through T cell virological synapses Cell-fusion events induced by α-herpesviruses The virological synapse facilitates herpes simplex virus entry into T cells The immune control and cell-to-cell spread of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Engagement of specific T-cell surface molecules regulates cytoskeletal polarization in HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes Identification of host trafficking genes required for HIV-1 virological synapse formation in dendritic cells Nonlytic viral spread enhanced by autophagy components The isolation and characterization of mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1 that induce cell fusion The global phosphorylation landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection HIV cell-to-cell spread results in earlier onset of viral gene expression by multiple infections per cell Stem cell extracellular vesicles and their potential to contribute to the repair of damaged CNS cells Neutralizing antibody-resistant hepatitis C virus cell-to-cell transmission Rapid and efficient cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection from monocyte-derived macrophages to peripheral blood lymphocytes Different requirements for scavenger receptor class B type I in hepatitis C virus cell-free versus cell-to-cell transmission Feline tetherin is characterized by a short N-terminal region and is counteracted by the feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein A viral fusogen hijacks the actin cytoskeleton to drive cell-cell fusion F-actin dynamics transform filopodial bridges into intercellular nanotubes capable of distant cell communication Predominant mode of human immunodeficiency virus transfer between T cells is mediated by sustained Envdependent neutralization-resistant virological synapses Phosphatidylserine vesicles enable efficient en bloc transmission of enteroviruses Culturing primary and transformed neuronal cells for studying pseudorabies virus infection Hantavirus Gn and Gc envelope glycoproteins: key structural units for virus cell entry and virus assembly Varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein I is essential for growth of virus in Vero cells Membrane fusion mediated by herpesvirus glycoproteins: the paradigm of varicella-zoster virus They might be giants: does syncytium formation sink or spread HIV infection? Cell-to-cell transfer of HIV infection: implications for HIV viral persistence Actin-based motility of vaccinia virus Compartmented neuron cultures for directional infection by alpha herpesviruses A fluorescent dye is usually used to differentiate target cells from donor cells, and quantification of cell spread is determined microscopically or by flow cytometry of a reporter virus or a labeled viral antigen. keywords: actin; antibodies; cell; cell spread; cell transmission; epithelial; et al; filopodia; formation; fusion; human; infection; membrane; particles; protein; spread; target; tnts; transfer; transmission; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-317277-rr9zue4l.txt plain text: cord-317277-rr9zue4l.txt item: #895 of 1203 id: cord-317404-jvtozj4v author: Santos, Marfran C.D. title: Spectroscopy with computational analysis in virological studies: A decade (2006–2016) date: 2017-09-21 words: 8444 flesch: 39 summary: Infrared spectra of tissues IR absorption curves for normal and neoplastic tissues and related biological substances Matth€ aus, A decade of vibrational micro-spectroscopy of human cells and tissue Vibrational spectroscopy of biofluids for disease screening or diagnosis: translation from the laboratory to a clinical setting Feature selection strategies for identification of Staphylococcus aureus recovered in blood cultures using FT-IR spectroscopy successive projections algorithm for variable selection: a case study Rapid discrimination of Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase 2-producing and non-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate analysis Identification of hepatitis C in human blood serum by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection by near-infrared spectroscopy: analysis using molecular clones of various HIV-1 subtypes ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis discriminates normal, borderline and malignant ovarian tissue: classifying subtypes of human cancer FTIR microspectroscopy coupled with variable selection methods for the identification of flunitrazepam in necrophagous flies Principles of Molecular Virology Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and Yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR Methods in virus diagnostics: from ELISA to next generation sequencing Noninvasive and label-free determination of virus infected cells by Raman spectroscopy Fingerprinting microbiomes towards screening for microbial antibiotic resistance Membrane topology of NS2B of dengue virus revealed by NMR spectroscopy Emerging applications of fluorescence spectroscopy in medical microbiology field Identification and classification of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strains by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate statistical techniques Nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolomics and liver diseases: recent advances and future clinical applications NMR spectroscopy techniques for screening and identifying ligand binding to protein receptors Metabolomic profiling of autoimmune hepatitis: the diagnostic utility of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Chronic viral hepatitis C in pediatric age group; assessment of viral activity and hepatic fibrosis by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion weighted imaging in asymptomatic patient Biospectroscopy to metabolically profile biomolecular structure: a multistage approach linking computational analysis with biomarkers Raman spectroscopy: the gateway into tomorrow's virology Characterization and detection of Vero cells infected with Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 using Raman spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods Gold nanoparticles as a substrate in bio-analytical near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of the endothelial cell membrane Structural characterization of the 5 0 untranslated RNA of hepatitis C virus by vibrational spectroscopy Raman to the limit: tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic investigations of a single tobacco mosaic virus Micro-Raman spectroscopy study of ALVAC virus infected chicken embryo cells Evaluation of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for characterizing different virus strains Identification of newly emerging influenza viruses by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to analyze biological materials Extracting biological information with computational analysis of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) biospectroscopy datasets: current practices to future perspectives Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues Near-infrared spectroscopy: promising diagnostic tool for viral infections Fluorescence spectroscopy of biological tissues e a review Using Raman spectroscopy to characterize biological materials Near infrared spectroscopy: fundamentals, practical aspects and analytical applications Near-infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging: nondestructive analysis of biological materials On the geometry of SNV and MSC Baseline-corrected second-order derivative electroanalysis combined with ultrasound-assisted liquideliquid microextraction: simultaneous quantification of fluoroquinolones at low levels RMieS-EMSC correction for infrared spectra of biological cells: extension using full Mie theory and GPU computing A novel baseline-correction method for standard addition based derivative spectra and its application to quantitative analysis of benzo(a)pyrene in vegetable oil samples Vocabulary of concepts and terms in chemometrics (IUPAC Recommendations 2016) All these studies proved that Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique in virus studies, as well as being non-destructive, fast and having a simple procedure. keywords: analysis; cells; data; infrared; multivariate; pca; raman; samples; spectra; spectroscopy; studies; study; techniques; virus; viruses cache: cord-317404-jvtozj4v.txt plain text: cord-317404-jvtozj4v.txt item: #896 of 1203 id: cord-317412-f3ua8ks3 author: Zhang, Xing title: Characterization of the lipidomic profile of BmN cells in response to Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infection date: 2020-08-15 words: 2585 flesch: 40 summary: The findings may facilitate a better understanding of the roles of lipid metabolic changes during virus infection in future studies. An increasing number of studies in recent years have demonstrated changes of lipid metabolism in host cells after virus infection. keywords: analysis; bmcpv; cells; infection; lipid; metabolism; replication; virus cache: cord-317412-f3ua8ks3.txt plain text: cord-317412-f3ua8ks3.txt item: #897 of 1203 id: cord-317496-6o2upns3 author: Pascual-Iglesias, Alejandro title: Recombinant Chimeric Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV)—Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) Virus Provides Protection against Virulent PEDV date: 2019-07-25 words: 7128 flesch: 43 summary: The ELISA values of the sera were expressed as sample to positive ratio [SP-ratio = (OD of sample − OD of negative control)/(OD of positive control − OD of negative control)]. Heat-inactivated sera were incubated for 1 h at 37 • C in the presence of 100 pfus of PEDV virus in DMEM containing 5% FCS. These viruses required trypsin to efficiently infect Vero cells, and form syncytia, similarly to PEDV virus. keywords: animals; challenge; diarrhea; epidemic; figure; piglets; porcine; protein; rtgev; spedv; spedv virus; vaccine; virus cache: cord-317496-6o2upns3.txt plain text: cord-317496-6o2upns3.txt item: #898 of 1203 id: cord-317501-yblzopc3 author: Kuhn, Philipp title: Recombinant antibodies for diagnostics and therapy against pathogens and toxins generated by phage display date: 2016-06-21 words: 11099 flesch: 30 summary: An alternative to hybridoma technology is the use of antibody phage display to generate recombinant antibodies. A technology that overcomes the limitation of the immune system is antibody phage display. keywords: antibodies; antibody; antigen; binding; chain; display; fab; fragment; generation; human; immune; isolation; libraries; library; monoclonal; pathogens; phage; phage display; protein; scfv; single; specific; surface; technology; toxins; variable; virus; vitro cache: cord-317501-yblzopc3.txt plain text: cord-317501-yblzopc3.txt item: #899 of 1203 id: cord-317508-03u2vtzk author: Oldstone, M.B.A. title: History of Virology date: 2019-08-28 words: 1348 flesch: 39 summary: However, measles virus infection was and remains a serious disease today with approximately one per thousand infected persons developing severe destruction of the central nervous system requiring institutionalization. A more extensive list of important events, observations, and highlights in the discipline of virology has been compiled by Fred Murphy, a long-time contributor to the field, and is accessible at http://www.utmb.edu/virusimages/ Eagle Routine use of tissue culture to grow and study viruses, development of optimal media for growing cells Krugman Development of poliomyelitis virus vaccine, development of measles virus vaccine: made in tissue culture Singer Discovery of the infectivity of viral RNA (tobacco mosaic virus) Prusiner, others Persistent, latent, and slow virus infections, prions 1960s-70s G. Palade, A. Claude, K. Porter, C. DeDuve Description and techniques for fine structure and biochemistry of cellular organelles 1962 A. Klug, D. Caspar Discovery of the principles of icosahedral virus structure Milstein Development of monoclonal antibodies 1975 B. Blumberg, B. Larouze, W. London, others Discovery of the relationship of hepatitis B virus with hepatocellular carcinoma others Discovery of Ebola virus 1977 World Health Organization, D.A. Henderson, F. Fenner, and many health workers and virologists Eradication of smallpox as a disease that killed over 300 million people in the twentieth century 1978-83 Notkins Genetic map and function of genes of herpes viruses, herpes latency 1980s-2000s H. zur Hausen, D. Galloway, D. Lowy, I. Frazer, others Recognition of subtypes of papillomaviruses associated with cervical and penile cancer and development of papillomavirus vaccine others First molecular recombinant virus vaccine: hepatitis B virus, first vaccine to successfully treat cancer: hepatitis B virus-induced liver cancer 1985 K. Mullis, others Invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) others Development of first anti-HIV drug approved by the FDA Smithies Development of knockout and other genetically manipulated mice Kawaoka Development of reverse genetics for negative-strand RNA virus 1990-present R. Ahmed, M. Bevin, M. Slifka, and others Kinetics, cell, and molecular basis of T cell and B cell generation and immunologic memory keywords: development; discovery; infections; smallpox; virus; viruses cache: cord-317508-03u2vtzk.txt plain text: cord-317508-03u2vtzk.txt item: #900 of 1203 id: cord-317619-o7qfugjw author: Nye, Steven title: Viral Infection in the Development and Progression of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome date: 2016-11-24 words: 6739 flesch: 26 summary: implications for spread and control Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses Adaptation of avian influenza A virus polymerase in mammals to overcome the host species barrier The pig as a mixing vessel for influenza viruses: human and veterinary implications Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 Spanish influenza pandemic Swine influenza a outbreak Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children -Southern California Differential susceptibilities of human lung primary cells to H1N1 influenza viruses pandemic influenza A (H1N1): pathology and pathogenesis of 100 fatal cases in the United States Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico Influenza virus pathogenicity regulated by host cellular proteases, cytokines and metabolites, and its therapeutic options Three fatal cases of pandemic 2009 influenza A virus infection in Shenzhen are associated with cytokine storm Antibody and inflammatory response-mediated severity of pandemic 2009 (pH1N1) influenza virus Cytokine and chemokine response in children with the 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contributes to an adequate immune response in influenza pneumonia Role of inhaled nitric oxide in the management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome Biological challenges and technological opportunities for respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development Phase-I study MEDI-534, of a live, attenuated intranasal vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus in seropositive children Live-attenuated respiratory syncytial virus vaccines A gene deletion that up-regulates viral gene expression yields an attenuated RSV vaccine with improved antibody responses in children Enhanced neutralizing antibody response induced by respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F protein expressed by a vaccine candidate Antibodies for prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody (MEDI-493) with potent in vitro and in vivo activity against respiratory syncytial virus Effectiveness of palivizumab in preventing RSV hospitalization in high risk children: a real-world perspective Comparison of intravenous palivizumab and standard of care for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients Impact of palivizumab on admission to the ICU for respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: a national survey Safety and antiviral activity of motavizumab, a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific humanized monoclonal antibody, when administered to RSV-infected children Motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness Safety and effectiveness of palivizumab in children at high risk of serious disease due to respiratory syncytial virus infection: a systematic review Serum cross-reactive antibody response to a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus after vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine Safety and immunogenicity following administration of a live, attenuated monovalent 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine to children and adults in two randomized controlled trials A novel influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in various age groups Pandemic vaccination strategies and influenza severe outcomes during the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and the post-pandemic influenza season: the Nordic experience A controlled trial of aerosolized ribavirin in infants receiving mechanical ventilation for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection Safety issues related to the administration of ribavirin Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of Virazole: 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide Ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children Inhaled ribavirin therapy in adult respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome Virological clearance rate of high-dose oseltamivir or triple-combination antiviral therapy in complicated 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection Respiratory syncytial virus Small molecules VP-14637 and JNJ-2408068 inhibit respiratory syncytial virus fusion by similar mechanisms Oral GS-5806 activity in a respiratory syncytial virus challenge study Use of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in experimental human influenza: randomized controlled trials for prevention and treatment H1N1 influenza and experience in three critical care units Systematic review of influenza resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors Critically ill children during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic in the United States Probability of survival after prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric patients with acute respiratory failure. While the overall incidence of respiratory virus infection, in particular RSV and influenza A (H1N1) virus, leading to lower respiratory tract disease is widely studied (12, 13), the frequency of progression to pediatric ARDS has yet to be clearly determined. keywords: ards; children; disease; h1n1; infection; influenza; patients; pediatric; rsv; severity; syncytial; treatment; virus cache: cord-317619-o7qfugjw.txt plain text: cord-317619-o7qfugjw.txt item: #901 of 1203 id: cord-317851-lj07947c author: Elena, S F title: Experimental evolution of plant RNA viruses date: 2008-02-06 words: 4186 flesch: 34 summary: A Darò s for helping us in setting up the lab for plant virus work and for fruitful discussion and Fernando García-Arenal for many enlightening discussions about plant virus evolution. Our goal was not to provide an exhaustive review of all the relevant literature but, instead, to illustrate the advantages of plant RNA viruses as model systems for experimental evolution studies. keywords: evolution; fitness; host; mutation; plant; rna; virulence; viruses cache: cord-317851-lj07947c.txt plain text: cord-317851-lj07947c.txt item: #902 of 1203 id: cord-317971-kuwargnp author: Opatz, Till title: Thoughts on What Chemists Can Contribute to Fighting SARS‐CoV‐2 – A Short Note on Hand Sanitizers, Drug Candidates and Outreach date: 2020-05-08 words: 2889 flesch: 47 summary: On March 4, the Bundesanstalt fürA rbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA), [16] the relevant regulatory body in Germany,issued adecree that allowed pharmacies to produce hand sanitizer solutions locally. Synthesizing chiral phosphoramidates of this level of complexity is as ynthetic challenge, [37] and so is the synthesis of other drug candidates for treating the virus that will be identified by homology modeling and targetbased virtual ligand screening or conventional medicinal chemistry approaches. keywords: chemists; drug; ethanol; formulation; hand; isopropanol; production; sars; solutions; virus cache: cord-317971-kuwargnp.txt plain text: cord-317971-kuwargnp.txt item: #903 of 1203 id: cord-318172-bdotp9ko author: Blanco, Jorge C. G. title: PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBODY TREATMENT AND INTRAMUSCULAR IMMUNIZATION REDUCE INFECTIOUS HUMAN RHINOVIRUS 16 LOAD IN THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF CHALLENGED COTTON RATS date: 2014-01-01 words: 5198 flesch: 36 summary: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Proposals for the classification of human rhinovirus species A, B and C into genotypically assigned types Sequencing and analyses of all known human rhinovirus genomes reveal structure and evolution Analysis of the complete genome sequences of human rhinovirus Human rhinovirus species associated with hospitalizations for acute respiratory illness in young US children Rhinovirus outbreak in a long term care facility for elderly persons associated with unusually high mortality Chronic rhinoviral infection in lung transplant recipients Rhinoviruses in the pathogenesis of asthma: the bronchial epithelium as a major disease target Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Experimental infections of chimpanzees with human rhinovirus types 14 and 43 Experimental infection of gibbons with rhinovirus Recovery of new viruses (coryzavirus) from cases of common cold in human adults Further properties of five newly recognized picornaviruses (Rhinoviruses) Mouse models of rhinovirus-induced disease and exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation CXCR2 is required for neutrophilic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of human rhinovirus infection No exacerbation but impaired anti-viral mechanisms in a rhinovirus-chronic allergic asthma mouse model Elastase-and LPS-exposed mice display altered responses to rhinovirus infection Neonatal rhinovirus infection induces mucous metaplasia and airways hyperresponsiveness Antibodies induced with recombinant VP1 from human rhinovirus exhibit cross-neutralisation Rhinovirus infections and immunisation induce cross-serotype reactive antibodies to VP1 Cross-serotype immunity induced by immunization with a conserved rhinovirus capsid protein The pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats The cotton rat provides a useful small-animal model for the study of influenza virus pathogenesis Receptor characterization and susceptibility of cotton rats to avian and 2009 pandemic influenza virus strains Extent of measles virus spread and immune suppression differentiates between wildtype and vaccine strains in the cotton rat model (Sigmodon hispidus) The cotton rat: an underutilized animal model for human infectious diseases can now be exploited using specific reagents to cytokines, chemokines, and interferons Interferoninducible Mx gene expression in cotton rats: cloning, characterization, and expression during influenza viral infection Induction of type I interferons and interferon-inducible Mx genes during respiratory syncytial virus infection and reinfection in cotton rats Mx proteins: mediators of innate resistance to RNA viruses Complete sequence of the RNA genome of human rhinovirus 16, a clinically useful common cold virus belonging to the ICAM-1 receptor group Transmission of experimental rhinovirus colds in volunteer married couples Effects of experimental rhinovirus 16 infection on airways and leukocyte function in normal subjects Rhinovirus infection and house dust mite exposure synergize in inducing bronchial epithelial cell interleukin-8 release An experimental model of rhinovirus induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a pilot study Rhinovirus 16-induced IFN-alpha and IFN-beta are deficient in bronchoalveolar lavage cells in asthmatic patients Human rhinovirus induces robust IP-10 release by monocytic cells, which is independent of viral replication but linked to type I interferon receptor ligation and STAT1 activation Human monocytic cells direct the robust release of CXCL10 by bronchial epithelial cells during rhinovirus infection Light and scanning electron microscopy of nasal biopsy material from patients with naturally acquired common colds Respiratory virus infection of monolayer cultures of human nasal epithelial cells Lack of induction by rhinoviruses of systemic type I interferon production or enhanced MxA protein expression during the common cold Azithromycin induces anti-viral responses in bronchial epithelial cells Gene expression profiles during in vivo human rhinovirus infection: insights into the host response Mechanisms of immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in cotton rats Quantitative aspects of passive immunity to respiratory syncytial virus infection in infant cotton rats A direct comparison of the activities of two humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibodies: MEDI-493 and RSHZl9 Reduction of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization among premature infants and infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia using respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin prophylaxis The IMpact-RSV Study and Group, Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants Antibodies to the buried N terminus of rhinovirus VP4 exhibit cross-serotypic neutralization An anti-human Icam-1 antibody inhibits rhinovirus-induced exacerbations of lung inflammation The application of prophylactic antibodies for rhinovirus infections We thank Raymonde Oue, Jamall McKay, and Susana Canas for their technical support and Charles Smith, Marta Malache, and Ana and Freddy Rivera for cotton rat husbandry. keywords: animals; antibodies; cotton; hrv16; human; immunization; infection; lung; rat; rats; rhinovirus; titers; virus cache: cord-318172-bdotp9ko.txt plain text: cord-318172-bdotp9ko.txt item: #904 of 1203 id: cord-318495-1w74wf02 author: Vignuzzi, Marco title: Defective viral genomes are key drivers of the virus–host interaction date: 2019-06-03 words: 8880 flesch: 20 summary: Biologic role in homologous interference Viral interference by defective particles of vesicular stomatitis virus measured in individual cells Analysis of extracellular West Nile virus particles produced by cell cultures from genetically resistant and susceptible mice indicates enhanced amplification of defective interfering particles by resistant cultures Replication signals in the genome of vesicular stoma titis virus and its defective interfering particles: identification of a sequence element that enhances DI RNA replication Functional characterisation of the genomic and antigenomic promoters of Sendai virus Homologous interference by incomplete Sendai virus particles: changes in virus-specific ribonucleic acid synthesis Defective viral genomes alter how Sendai virus interacts with cellular trafficking machinery leading to heterogeneity in the production of viral particles among infected cells Replication defective viral genomes exploit a cellular pro-survival mechanism to establish paramyxovirus persistence MDA5 participates in the detection of paramyxovirus infection and is essential for the early activation of dendritic cells in response to Sendai virus defective interfering particles Sendai virus defective-interfering genomes and the activation of interferon-beta Induction of dendritic cell production of type I and type III interferons by wild-type and vaccine strains of measles virus: role of defective interfering RNAs Highly immunostimulatory RNA derived from a Sendai virus defective viral genome A novel role for viral-defective interfering particles in enhancing dendritic cell maturation Modulation of a systemic Semliki Forest virus infection in mice by defective interfering virus Identification of a natural viral RNA motif that optimizes sensing of viral RNA by RIG.-I. mBio Activation of the beta interferon promoter by unnatural Sendai virus infection requires RIG-I and is inhibited by viral C proteins PACT-and RIG-I-dependent activation of Type I interferon production by a defective interfering RNA derived from measles virus vaccine Preference of RIG-I for short viral RNA molecules in infected cells revealed by next-generation sequencing TLR-independent induction of dendritic cell maturation and adaptive immunity by negative-strand RNA viruses In vivo ligands of MDA5 and RIG-I in measles virusinfected cells Nonencapsidated 5′ Copy-Back Defective Interfering Genomes Produced by Recombinant Measles Viruses Are Recognized by RIG-I and LGP2 but Not MDA5 ATPase-driven oligomerization of RIG-I on RNA allows optimal activation of type-I interferon Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses Dicer-2-dependent generation of viral DNA from defective genomes of RNA viruses modulates antiviral immunity in insects Role of defective interfering particles of Sendai virus in persistent infections Comparative study of rabies virus persistence in human and hamster cell lines Subclinical infections in mice resulting from the modulation of a lethal dose of Semliki Forest virus with defective interfering viruses: neurochemical abnormalities in the central nervous system Defective interfering particles: effects in modulating virus growth and persistence Persistence of virulent Semliki Forest virus in mouse brain following co-inoculation with defective interfering particles Defective interfering virus particles modulate virulence Continuous influenza virus production in cell culture shows a periodic accumulation of defective interfering particles Multiple-hit inhibition of infection by defective interfering particles Defective interfering particles of human parainfluenza virus type 3 are associated with persistent infection in cell culture Defective interfering influenza virus RNAs: time to reevaluate their clinical potential as broad-spectrum antivirals? Targeting expression of the leukemogenic PML-RARalpha fusion protein by lentiviral vector-mediated small interfering RNA results in leukemic cell differentiation and apoptosis Ebola virus defective interfering particles and persistent infection Defective interfering viral particles in acute dengue infections Generation of measles virus defective interfering particles and their presence in a preparation of attenuated live-virus vaccine Effects of defective interfering viruses on virus replication and pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo Defective interfering particles of respiratory syncytial virus Induction and biological properties of defective interfering particles of rabies virus Defective T particles of vesicular stomatitis virus. keywords: cells; copy; defective; dvgs; generation; genomes; infection; influenza; interfering; particles; persistent; production; replication; rna; rnas; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-318495-1w74wf02.txt plain text: cord-318495-1w74wf02.txt item: #905 of 1203 id: cord-318551-c1qr27lg author: Boguszewska‐Chachulska, Anna M. title: Rna Viruses Redirect Host Factors to Better Amplify Their Genome date: 2005-12-29 words: 10689 flesch: 33 summary: The incoming genome of many (þ) strand RNA viruses ( Fig. 1 ) serves as mRNA for virus protein synthesis including the RdRp, and is then replicated yielding the complementary (À) RNA strand. key: cord-318551-c1qr27lg authors: Boguszewska‐Chachulska, Anna M.; Haenni, Anne‐Lise title: Rna Viruses Redirect Host Factors to Better Amplify Their Genome date: 2005-12-29 journal: Adv Virus Res DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(05)65002-6 sha: doc_id: 318551 cord_uid: c1qr27lg This chapter provides an updated view of the host factors that are, at present, believed to participate in replication/transcription of RNA viruses. keywords: binding; cell; et al; factors; genome; host; polymerase; protein; replication; rna; rna synthesis; strand; synthesis; transcription; translation; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-318551-c1qr27lg.txt plain text: cord-318551-c1qr27lg.txt item: #906 of 1203 id: cord-318686-we6pveus author: Ehlen, Lukas title: Epithelial cell lines of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) are highly susceptible in vitro models to zoonotic Bunya-, Rhabdo-, and Flaviviruses date: 2016-05-04 words: 5618 flesch: 46 summary: For virus infection experiments, the medium was removed and cells were inoculated with virus diluted in Optipro serum-free medium (Life Technologies) for 1 h at 37°C. However, in contrast to experimental animals, cell lines are a less laborious model system, less expensive, and can be used in large-scale viral experiments such as in virus isolation trials without the ethical considerations that are involved in animal experiments. keywords: cells; cotton; epithelial; hispidus; infection; lines; log; novel; rats; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-318686-we6pveus.txt plain text: cord-318686-we6pveus.txt item: #907 of 1203 id: cord-318725-09a32vyg author: Dong, Rui title: Virus Database and Online Inquiry System Based on Natural Vectors date: 2017-12-17 words: 3386 flesch: 47 summary: Many virus databases have been constructed but on a limited subset. Nowadays, scientists are able to study the nucleotide sequences of viruses and develop algorithms to classify and predict the characteristics of new viruses. keywords: classification; database; genomes; sequence; system; vector; virus; viruses cache: cord-318725-09a32vyg.txt plain text: cord-318725-09a32vyg.txt item: #908 of 1203 id: cord-318786-qd0k8174 author: Mauriz, Elba title: Recent Progress in Plasmonic Biosensing Schemes for Virus Detection date: 2020-08-22 words: 9889 flesch: 29 summary: Alternatively, the propagation of electromagnetic radiation using optical fibers can als d to virus detection via miniaturized platforms with SPR and LSPR configurations [32 e 2). Alternatively, the propagation of electromagnetic radiation using optical fibers can also be applied to virus detection via miniaturized platforms with SPR and LSPR configurations [32, 33] (Figure 2 ). keywords: detection; dna; enhancement; figure; gold; graphene; lspr; nanoparticles; plasmonic; sensing; sers; signal; surface; viral; virus cache: cord-318786-qd0k8174.txt plain text: cord-318786-qd0k8174.txt item: #909 of 1203 id: cord-318853-mxyxwkhx author: Sallie, Richard title: Replicative homeostasis II: Influence of polymerase fidelity on RNA virus quasispecies biology: Implications for immune recognition, viral autoimmunity and other "virus receptor" diseases date: 2005-08-22 words: 10548 flesch: 17 summary: Of necessity, some receptor affinity studies have used cloned viral protein ligands, an artificial situation that cannot approach the phenotypic complexity of RNA viral protein quasispecies. Viral receptor disease is a unifying hypothesis that may also explain some diseases with well-established, but multi-factorial and apparently unrelated aetiologies – like coronary artery and other vascular diseases – in addition to diseases like schizophrenia that are poorly understood and lack plausible, coherent, pathogenic explanations. keywords: cell; disease; envelope; fidelity; hcv; hepatitis; infection; leptin; patients; pol; proteins; quasispecies; receptor; replication; responses; rna; rna pol; sequence; type; variant; virus; viruses cache: cord-318853-mxyxwkhx.txt plain text: cord-318853-mxyxwkhx.txt item: #910 of 1203 id: cord-319208-jrxz59bb author: Ting, Chun Yi title: Are identity badges and lanyards in pediatrics potentially contaminated with viral pathogens? date: 2015-11-01 words: 2016 flesch: 41 summary: Pathogenic bacteria on identity badges and lanyards Hospital identity badges: a possible source of healthcare-acquired infection? Are lanyards a risk for nosocomial transmission of potentially pathogenic bacteria? Unrecognized viral respiratory tract infections in premature infants during their birth hospitalization: a prospective surveillance study in two neonatal intensive care units Comparison between pernasal flocked swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates for detection of common respiratory viruses in samples from children Comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and nasopharyngeal wash collection methods for respiratory viruses detection in hospitalized children using real-time polymerase chain reaction Comparison of four multiplex PCR assays for the detection of viral pathogens in respiratory specimens Emergence of a new norovirus genotype II.4 variant associated with global outbreaks of gastroenteritis Nested reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction for the detection of group A rotaviruses Nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infections in children's wards How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? HCW ID samples were tested for respiratory viruses using viral PCR technique after an automated DNA-RNA extraction procedure, an identical process to routine clinical samples collected from pediatric patients. keywords: badges; lanyards; respiratory; study; viruses cache: cord-319208-jrxz59bb.txt plain text: cord-319208-jrxz59bb.txt item: #911 of 1203 id: cord-319210-yqimufdh author: KENNEDY, P.G.E. title: On the possible viral aetiology of multiple sclerosis date: 1994-09-17 words: 3982 flesch: 34 summary: 6 Laboratory studies in MS patients Serological studies in MS patients An obvious indirect way of providing evidence for a viral cause of a disease is to demonstrate significantly raised serum or CSF antibody titres to particular viruses in affected individuals, and to analyse the patterns of infections with common (especially childhood) viruses in these patients. Therefore, DR2 + MS patients were compared with normal DR2 + controls, with the finding that the various serological abnormalities such as raised measles and rubella antibody titres detected in MS patients could not be explained by an effect of DR type alone. keywords: disease; infection; multiple; patients; retrovirus; sclerosis; virus cache: cord-319210-yqimufdh.txt plain text: cord-319210-yqimufdh.txt item: #912 of 1203 id: cord-319379-qe56u93a author: Patil, Vaishali M. title: A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: Efficacy, safety and clinical trials date: 2020-05-11 words: 2818 flesch: 13 summary: A restricts influenza A virus replication through degradation of the M1 protein Discovery of cyclosporine A and its analogs as broad-spectrum anti-influenza drugs with a high in vitro genetic barrier of drug resistance In vivo effects of cyclosporine on influenza A virus-infected mice Cyclosporin A inhibits the replication of diverse coronaviruses The SARS coronavirus host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors Anticancer kinase inhibitors impair intracellular viral trafficking and exert broad-spectrum antiviral effects Identification and targeting of an interaction between a tyrosine motif within hepatitis C virus core protein and AP2M1 essential for viral assembly AP-2-associated protein kinase 1 and cyclin G associated kinase regulate hepatitis C virus entry and are potential drug targets Genistein interferes with SDF-1 and HIV mediated actin dynamics and inhibits HIV infection of resting CD4 T cells In vitro combination of anti-cytomegalovirus compounds acting through different targets: role of the slope parameter and insights into mechanisms of action Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by silver nanoparticles capped with mercaptoethane sulfonate Inhibition of influenza virus infection by multivalent sialic acid functionalized gold nanoparticles Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo Inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on H1N1 influenza A virus in vitro Silver nanoparticles inhibit hepatitis B virus replication Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1 Mode of antiviral action of silver nanoparticles against HIV-1 PVP coated silver nanoparticles block the transmission of cell-free and cell-associated HIV-1 in human cervical culture Silver nanoparticles fabricated in hepes buffer exhibit cytoprotective activities toward HIV-1 infected cells Potential application of silver nanoparticles to control the infectivity of rift valley fever virus in vitro and in vivo Fighting arboviral diseases: low toxicity on mammalian cells, dengue growth inhibition (in vitro), and mosquitocidal activity of centroceras clavulatum synthesized silver nanoparticles Green nanoparticles as a novel control tool against dengue virus (DEN-2) and its primary vector aedes aegypti Interaction of silver nanoparticles with Tacaribe virus Effects of mycophenolic acid on human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and in vivo Ex vivo modeling of the effects of mycophenolic acid on HIV infection: considerations for antiviral therapy Abacavir and mycophenolic acid an inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase have profound and synergistic anti-HIV activity Mycophenolic acid inhibits hepatitis C virus replication and acts in synergy with cyclosporin A and interferon-alpha Mycophenolic acid augments interferon stimulated gene expression and inhibits hepatitis C virus infection in vitro and in vivo A screen of FDA-approved drugs for inhibitors of zika virus infection Mycophenolic acid inhibits dengue virus infection by preventing replication of viral RNA Inhibition of dengue virus replication by mycophenolic acid and ribavirin Protective activity of tetracycline analogs against the cytopathic effect of the human immunodeficiency viruses in CEM cells Minocycline attenuates HIV infection and reactivation by suppressing cellular activation in human CD4+ T cells Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline Minocycline inhibits west nile virus replication and apoptosis in human neuronal cells Minocycline suppresses dengue virus replication by down-regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-induced autophagy Drug repurposing of minocycline against dengue virus infection Minocycline neuroprotects, reduces microglial activation, inhibits caspase 3 induction, and viral replication following japanese encephalitis Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture keywords: chloroquine; coronavirus; covid-19; drug; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; replication; treatment; virus cache: cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt plain text: cord-319379-qe56u93a.txt item: #913 of 1203 id: cord-319746-6bccxgbd author: Saxena, Latika title: Production and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies from the Cells of A(H1N1)pdm2009 Influenza Virus Infected Indian Donors date: 2015-12-31 words: 3526 flesch: 44 summary: The convalescent phase plasma of the eight influenza positive patients was screened for influenza virus specific antibodies, as the serum/plasma antibody titre is a critical factor for the generation of monoclonal antibodies from PBMCs. Monoclonal antibodies were added at a concentration of 5 μg/ml and the plates were incubated for 2h at 4 °C. keywords: antibodies; antibody; cells; human; influenza; monoclonal; pandemic; virus cache: cord-319746-6bccxgbd.txt plain text: cord-319746-6bccxgbd.txt item: #914 of 1203 id: cord-319754-5isw53wl author: Balgoma, David title: Lipidomics Issues on Human Positive ssRNA Virus Infection: An Update date: 2020-08-31 words: 12122 flesch: 37 summary: This energetic burden has been demonstrated to be afforded by the cooperation of three fusion peptides in influenza virus membrane fusion [23] , whereas two adjacent trimers of the fusion protein are required in West Nile virus [24] . This process implies viral envelope and host cell membrane fusion, for which an energetically cost-effective barrier must be overcome. keywords: cell; cell membrane; cholesterol; entry; host; host cell; infection; lipid; membrane; membrane fusion; metabolism; pathway; protein; replication; role; sars; study; virus; virus entry; virus infection; virus replication; viruses cache: cord-319754-5isw53wl.txt plain text: cord-319754-5isw53wl.txt item: #915 of 1203 id: cord-319761-bu5pzbnv author: Miller, Craig S. title: Pleiotropic mechanisms of virus survival and persistence date: 2005-07-16 words: 5660 flesch: 29 summary: The origins of virology Further studies on the proliferation in vitro of single isolated tissue cells The infection of cells in tissue culture with Rous sarcoma virus The structure of DNA A plaque assay for foot-and-mouth disease virus and kinetics of virus reproduction Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges Persistent toll-like receptor signals are required for reversal of regulatory T cellemediated CD8 tolerance The many mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins Proteinaseactivated receptors: novel mechanisms of signaling by serine proteases Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases Interleukin-18 Newly identified pair of proteasomal subunits regulated reciprocally by interferon gamma Apoptosis: an innate immune response to virus infection Viruses and apoptosis Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis Regulation of p53-dependent apoptosis, transcriptional repression, and cell transformation by phosphorylation of the 55-kilodalton E1B protein of human adenovirus type 5 Adenovirus-mediated gene expression in vivo is enhanced by the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene Inhibition of DNA-dependent transcription by the leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus: role of specific nucleotide sequences and cell protein binding The IAP proteins: caspase inhibitors and beyond Prevention of vertebrate neuronal death by the crmA gene Neutralization of Smac/Diablo by inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs). As a result, greater knowledge of virus replication, viral and cellular receptors, and immunologic interactions was achieved. keywords: apoptosis; cell; gene; host; human; ifn; infection; interferon; mhc; proteins; replication; response; virus; viruses cache: cord-319761-bu5pzbnv.txt plain text: cord-319761-bu5pzbnv.txt item: #916 of 1203 id: cord-319814-tyqb473m author: Zhang, Dingmei title: Epidemiology characteristics of respiratory viruses found in children and adults with respiratory tract infections in southern China date: 2014-06-11 words: 3483 flesch: 44 summary: Implications for design of vaccine trials Global burden of respiratory infections due to seasonal influenza in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in Kenya Etiology and clinical characterization of respiratory virus infections in adult patients attending an emergency department in Beijing Parainfluenza virus infection of young children: estimates of the populationbased burden of hospitalization Characterization of human coronavirus etiology in Chinese adults with acute upper respiratory tract infection by real-time RT-PCR assays Epidemiology of respiratory virus infections among infants and young children admitted to hospital in Oman Novel human bocavirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection Epidemiology of human metapneumovirus Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus Mortality attributable to 9 common infections: significant effect of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza B, norovirus, and parainfluenza in elderly persons Characterization of a novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome The 1918 'Spanish' flu: pearls from swine Human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in China Genetic variability of respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) prevalent in southwestern China from 2006 to 2009: emergence of subgroup B and A RSV as dominant strains Molecular monitoring of causative viruses in child acute respiratory infection in endemo-epidemic situations in Shanghai Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested-PCR assay Simultaneous detection of fourteen respiratory viruses in clinical specimens by two multiplex reverse transcription nested-PCR assays Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia Detection of adenoviruses in stools from healthy persons and patients with diarrhea by two-step polymerase chain reaction Bocavirus infection in hospitalized children WHO estimates of the causes of death in children Seasonal influenza vaccines The absence of enhanced disease with wild type respiratory syncytial virus infection occurring after receipt of live, attenuated, respiratory syncytial virus vaccines Current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections Parainfluenza viruses Parainfluenza virus type 3: seasonality and risk of infection and reinfection in young children Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 isolated from Saudi Arabia Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples Human bocavirus infection in young children in the United States: molecular epidemiological profile and clinical characteristics of a newly emerging respiratory virus Human bocavirus: a novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand Human bocavirus in Italian patients with respiratory diseases Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections Human bocavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan and Thailand Human bocavirus 1 and 3 infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil Respiratory syncytial virus infection in tropical and developing countries Evaluation of viral co-infections in hospitalized and non-hospitalized children with respiratory infections using microarrays Multipathogen infections in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections Dual infection of infants by human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with severe bronchiolitis Multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children The detection of the specific viral causes of infection provides a useful starting point for an understanding of illness attributable to respiratory infection, and might also provide data relevant to the development of prevention strategies. of risk factors is critical to the successful implementation of a prevention and control program. keywords: children; detection; human; infection; patients; rates; viruses cache: cord-319814-tyqb473m.txt plain text: cord-319814-tyqb473m.txt item: #917 of 1203 id: cord-319933-yp9ofhi8 author: Ruiz, Sara I. title: Chapter 38 Animal Models of Human Viral Diseases date: 2013-12-31 words: 28862 flesch: 41 summary: Wild-type C57BL/6 adult mice are not permissive to chikungunya virus infection by intradermal inoculation. [Comparative Study Research Support Characterization of clinical and immune response in a rotavirus diarrhea model in suckling Lewis rats Development of a heterologous model in germfree suckling rats for studies of rotavirus diarrhea Studies of oral rehydration solutions in animal models Induction of mucosal immune responses and protection against enteric viruses: rotavirus infection of gnotobiotic pigs as a model Developmental immunity in the piglet Swine in biomedical research Neonatal calf diarrhea induced by rotavirus Characterisation of the primary local and systemic immune response in gnotobiotic lambs against rotavirus infection Experimental infection of non-human primates with a human rotavirus isolate Development of a rotavirus-shedding model in rhesus macaques, using a homologous wild-type rotavirus of a new P genotype Reflections on 30 years of AIDS HIVs and their replication The utility of the new generation of humanized mice to study HIV-1 infection: transmission, prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment Antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis prevents vaginal transmission of HIV-1 in humanized BLT mice Hematopoietic stem cell-engrafted NOD/ SCID/IL2Rgamma null mice develop human lymphoid systems and induce long-lasting HIV-1 infection with specific humoral immune responses HIV-1 infection and CD4 T cell depletion in the humanized Rag2Ã�/Ã� gamma cÃ�/Ã� (RAG-hu) mouse model HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis in a novel humanized mouse model Induction of robust cellular and humoral virusspecific adaptive immune responses in human immunodeficiency virus-infected humanized BLT mice An aptamer-siRNA chimera suppresses HIV-1 viral loads and protects from helper CD4(þ) T cell decline in humanized mice Mucosal immunity and vaccines Low-dose rectal inoculation of rhesus macaques by SIVsmE660 or SIVmac251 recapitulates human mucosal infection by HIV-1 Propagation and dissemination of infection after vaginal transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus Limited dissemination of pathogenic SIV after vaginal challenge of rhesus monkeys immunized with a live Virulence and reduced fitness of simian immunodeficiency virus with the M184V mutation in reverse transcriptase SIV-induced impairment of neurovascular repair: a potential role for VEGF Therapeutic DNA vaccine induces broad T cell responses in the gut and sustained protection from viral rebound and AIDS in SIV-infected rhesus macaques A Nonfucosylated variant of the anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibody b12 has enhanced FcgammaRIIIamediated antiviral activity in vitro but does not improve protection against mucosal SHIV challenge in macaques A trivalent recombinant Ad5 gag/pol/nef vaccine fails to protect rhesus macaques from infection or control virus replication after a limiting-dose heterologous SIV challenge Animal model for the therapy of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with reverse transcriptase inhibitors Susceptibility of HIV-2, SIV and SHIV to various anti-HIV-1 compounds: implications for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis Use of a small molecule CCR5 inhibitor in macaques to treat simian immunodeficiency virus infection or prevent simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection SHIV-1157i and passaged progeny viruses encoding R5 HIV-1 clade C env cause AIDS in rhesus monkeys Update on animal models for HIV research Limited or no protection by weakly or nonneutralizing antibodies against vaginal SHIV challenge of macaques compared with a strongly neutralizing antibody Macaque studies of vaccine and microbicide combinations for preventing HIV-1 sexual transmission Vpx is Critical for SIVmne infection of pigtail macaques Impact of short-term HAART initiated during the chronic stage or shortly post-exposure on SIV infection of male genital organs The rhesus macaque pediatric SIV infection modeld a valuable tool in understanding infant HIV-1 pathogenesis and for designing pediatric HIV-1 prevention strategies Perinatal transmission of SHIV-SF162P3 in Macaca nemestrina Immune and genetic correlates of vaccine protection against mucosal infection by SIV in monkeys Chronic administration of tenofovir to rhesus macaques from infancy through adulthood and pregnancy: summary of pharmacokinetics and biological and virological effects Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the step study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trial Human papillomavirus in cervical cancer Human papillomavirus research: do we still need animal models? Animal models of papillomavirus pathogenesis Evidence of human papillomavirus vaccine effectiveness in reducing genital warts: an analysis of California public family planning administrative claims data The rabbit viral skin papillomas and carcinomas: a model for the immunogenetics of HPV-associated carcinogenesis Protection of beagle dogs from mucosal challenge with canine oral papillomavirus by immunization with recombinant adenoviruses expressing codon-optimized early genes Naturally occurring, nonregressing canine oral papillomavirus infection: host immunity, virus characterization, and experimental infection Regression of canine oral papillomas is associated with infiltration of CD4þ and CD8þ lymphocytes Characterization and experimental transmission of an oncogenic papillomavirus in female macaques A multimeric L2 vaccine for prevention of animal papillomavirus infections Preclinical development of highly effective and safe DNA vaccines directed against HPV 16 E6 and E7 US doctors investigate more than 50 possible cases of monkeypox Isolation of monkeypox virus from wild squirrel infected in nature Reemergence of monkeypox: prevalence, diagnostics, and countermeasures Human monkeypox infection: a family cluster in the midwestern United States Human monkeypox and other poxvirus infections of man The confirmation and maintenance of smallpox eradication Human monkeypox Identification of wild-derived inbred mouse strains highly susceptible to monkeypox virus infection for use as small animal models A prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using west African and Congo Basin strains of monkeypox virus Comparison of monkeypox viruses pathogenesis in mice by in vivo imaging Comparative pathology of North American and central African strains of monkeypox virus in a ground squirrel model of the disease Experimental infection of an African dormouse (Graphiurus kelleni) with monkeypox virus A mouse model of lethal infection for evaluating prophylactics and therapeutics against monkeypox virus Experimental infection of ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) with monkeypox virus Experimental infection of prairie dogs with monkeypox virus Experimental infection of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) with aerosolized monkeypox virus The pathology of experimental aerosolized monkeypox virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Immunogenicity of a highly attenuated MVA smallpox vaccine and protection against monkeypox Smallpox vaccine does not protect macaques with AIDS from a lethal monkeypox virus challenge Smallpox vaccine-induced antibodies are necessary and sufficient for protection against monkeypox virus Virulence and pathophysiology of the Congo Basin and west African strains of monkeypox virus in non-human primates keywords: acute; animal; animal models; challenge; cynomolgus; days; dengue; develop; disease; encephalitis; encephalitis virus; experimental; fever; hepatitis; human; infected; infection; influenza; inoculation; liver; macaques; mice; model; monkeys; mortality; mouse; nhps; pathogenesis; pigs; rhesus; route; sars; signs; strains; studies; study; symptoms; transmission; vaccine; viral; viremia; virus; virus infection; viruses cache: cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt plain text: cord-319933-yp9ofhi8.txt item: #918 of 1203 id: cord-320015-lbr2q4qh author: Chinchar, V. Gregory title: The Molecular Biology of Frog Virus 3 and other Iridoviruses Infecting Cold-Blooded Vertebrates date: 2011-10-20 words: 9150 flesch: 36 summary: However, because the absence of a full-sized vIF-2α gene in FV3 does not adversely affect viral protein synthesis, other viral proteins may also play roles in maintaining viral protein synthesis in infected cells. As progressively larger amounts of viral proteins bind the membrane scaffold, crescent-shaped structures that resemble icosahedral vertices are formed. keywords: 18k; cells; dna; expression; frog; fv3; gene; host; infection; iridovirus; mutants; protein; ranavirus; replication; synthesis; vif-2α; virion; virus; viruses cache: cord-320015-lbr2q4qh.txt plain text: cord-320015-lbr2q4qh.txt item: #919 of 1203 id: cord-320030-ojtp90na author: Montero, Antonio title: Fiebre chikungunya - Una nueva amenaza global date: 2015-08-07 words: 3950 flesch: 43 summary: Debido a la amplia distribució n de los Aedes en las Amé ricas, toda la regió n es susceptible a la invasió n y la diseminació n de este virus, y la aparició n reciente de epidemias urbanas de dengue en Sudamé rica destaca el peligro potencial de fiebre chikungunya. Se revisan las principales características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la fiebre chikungunya y el riesgo de introducción de esta enfermedad en las Américas, enfatizando el rol de la vigilancia y la lucha contra los mosquitos en su prevención. keywords: aedes; casos; chikungunya; como; con; del; dengue; durante; enfermedad; entre; epidemias; este; fiebre; infection; las; los; mosquitos; por; que; una; vectores; virus cache: cord-320030-ojtp90na.txt plain text: cord-320030-ojtp90na.txt item: #920 of 1203 id: cord-320055-6ycp8m89 author: Elliot, Elisa L title: Indicator organisms for estuarine and marine waters date: 1985-07-31 words: 10570 flesch: 39 summary: [50, 147] , in sea water, is a vexing problem, especially for those responsible for regulating the use of sewage-contamined sites, including fresh, estuarine, and marine water and sediment, and shellfish harvested from these waters. [50, 51] also differentiates fecal indicators from water quality indicators. keywords: bacteria; coliforms; enteric; environment; estuarine; indicators; marine; ocean; organisms; pathogens; pollution; presence; quality; sea; seawater; sediment; sewage; survival; viruses; water cache: cord-320055-6ycp8m89.txt plain text: cord-320055-6ycp8m89.txt item: #921 of 1203 id: cord-320693-de1lmzl1 author: Hu, Han title: Antiviral activity of Piscidin 1 against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo date: 2019-07-31 words: 5060 flesch: 48 summary: Residual virus was calculated according to the following formula, residual infectivity = b/a × 100% (a represent TCID50 of residual virus non-treated by the AMPs (control), b represent TCID50 of residual virus after treated by AMPs). Although vaccination can suppress development of the disease, vaccines cannot eliminate virus infection. keywords: activity; caerin; infection; mice; peptides; piscidin; prv; virus; viruses cache: cord-320693-de1lmzl1.txt plain text: cord-320693-de1lmzl1.txt item: #922 of 1203 id: cord-320713-b37c8aye author: Roberts, Lisa O. title: Chapter 9 Viral Strategies to Subvert the Mammalian Translation Machinery date: 2009-10-27 words: 20235 flesch: 41 summary: A study to understand the components of the eIF4F complex that are required for translation of viral mRNAs has recently demonstrated that influenza virus translation has no requirement for eIF4E, as viral mRNAs are translated in cells depleted of eIF4E and in cells treated with rapamycin. 48 Members of several different families of RNA viruses are able to bypass the canonical, cap-dependent, translation initiation process by employing this strategy of internal initiation of protein synthesis. keywords: binding; cells; cellular; cleavage; complex; eif4e; expression; host; host translation; human; infected; infection; ires; kinase; mechanisms; mrnas; pabp; phosphorylation; pkr; protein; protein synthesis; ribosomal; ribosome; rna; sequence; site; translation; translation initiation; virus; viruses cache: cord-320713-b37c8aye.txt plain text: cord-320713-b37c8aye.txt item: #923 of 1203 id: cord-320935-3n157yl4 author: Kumar, Manish title: Making Waves Perspectives of Modelling and Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in Aquatic Environment for COVID-19 Pandemic date: 2020-09-12 words: 6629 flesch: 37 summary: Although SARS viruses are of zoonotic origin and several countries have already facing secondary transmission of SARS-COV-2, developing an early warning system always presents a challenge. Previous studies have highlighted the persistence of coronavirus and SARS virus in the wastewater, which ranged from hours to several days in the absence of disinfection practices [31, 37] . keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; infection; models; patients; population; sars; spread; temperature; time; transmission; virus; wastewater cache: cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt plain text: cord-320935-3n157yl4.txt item: #924 of 1203 id: cord-321053-lgae22f8 author: Gerold, Gisa title: Opportunities and Risks of Host-targeting Antiviral Strategies for Hepatitis C date: 2013-10-04 words: 9425 flesch: 38 summary: Notably, recent evidence suggests that among the different factors of the VLDL pathway implicated in HCV virus production, only ApoE is absolutely essential, since production of infectious HCV can be reconstituted in an engineered human kidney derived cell line (293 T), which does not produce VLDL and lacks endogenous expression of MTTP and ApoB A recent study suggests that several lab-generated variants of SCARB1 all efficiently support HCV cell entry keywords: cell; effects; entry; factors; hcv; hepatitis; host; infection; inhibitors; mir-122; ns5a; patients; pi4kiiiα; replication; resistance; rna; therapy; treatment; virus cache: cord-321053-lgae22f8.txt plain text: cord-321053-lgae22f8.txt item: #925 of 1203 id: cord-321112-w7x1dkds author: Zhao, Xuesen title: IFITM Genes, Variants, and Their Roles in the Control and Pathogenesis of Viral Infections date: 2019-01-08 words: 7019 flesch: 30 summary: Keywords: host susceptibility, interferon-induced transmembrane proteins, IFITM, single nucleotide polymorphisms, viral infection Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are a family of small proteins that can be found in single cell organisms and are evolutionally conserved across vertebrates (Siegrist et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012) . Among the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IFITM3 gene that have been identified in human populations, several are associated with disease severity and prognosis of influenza A virus (IAV) and other viral infections (Everitt et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2015; Xu-Yang et al., 2016; Allen et al., 2017) . keywords: activity; cells; entry; et al; fusion; human; iav; ifitm3; infection; influenza; interferon; proteins; rs12252; transmembrane; virus; viruses cache: cord-321112-w7x1dkds.txt plain text: cord-321112-w7x1dkds.txt item: #926 of 1203 id: cord-321481-vrfwczve author: Watashi, Koichi title: NTCP and Beyond: Opening the Door to Unveil Hepatitis B Virus Entry date: 2014-02-19 words: 4944 flesch: 33 summary: Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: New estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity Optimal management of chronic hepatitis B patients with treatment failure and antiviral drug resistance Hepatitis B: Reflections on the current approach to antiviral therapy Hepatitis B surface antigen levels: Association with 5-year response to peginterferon alfa-2a in hepatitis B e-antigen-negative patients IFN-alpha inhibits HBV transcription and replication in cell culture and in humanized mice by targeting the epigenetic regulation of the nuclear cccDNA minichromosome Entry inhibitors and their use in the treatment of HIV-1 infection Gulping rather than sipping: Macropinocytosis as a way of virus entry Hepatitis C virus entry into hepatocytes: Molecular mechanisms and targets for antiviral therapies Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus Myristoylated PreS1-domain of the hepatitis B virus L-protein mediates specific binding to differentiated hepatocytes Viral and cellular determinants involved in hepadnaviral entry Proteoglycans act as cellular hepatitis delta virus attachment receptors Role of glycosaminoglycans for binding and infection of hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus infection initiates with a large surface protein-dependent binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and lysosomal cleavage of hepatitis B virus capsid-like core particles Hepatitis B virus may enter HepG2 cells complemented with human NTCP via macropinocytosis Entry of hepatitis B virus into immortalized human primary hepatocytes by clathrin-dependent endocytosis Hepatitis B virus requires intact caveolin-1 function for productive infection in HepaRG cells Structural relationships between minor and major proteins of hepatitis B surface antigen Large surface proteins of hepatitis B virus containing the pre-S sequence Entry of hepatitis B and C viruses-Recent progress and future impact Entry of hepatitis delta virus requires the conserved cysteine residues of the hepatitis B virus envelope protein antigenic loop and is blocked by inhibitors of thiol-disulfide exchange N-terminal myristoylation-dependent masking of neutralizing epitopes in the preS1 attachment site of hepatitis B virus Neutralization of hepatitis B virus infectivity by a murine monoclonal antibody: An experimental study in the chimpanzee The pre-s2 domain of the hepatitis B virus is dispensable for infectivity but serves a spacer function for L-protein-connected virus assembly A function essential to viral entry underlies the hepatitis B virus a determinant Structural characterization of viral neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen Mapping of the hepatitis B virus pre-S1 domain involved in receptor recognition Characterization of a hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus receptor binding site Mapping of the hepatitis B virus attachment site by use of infection-inhibiting preS1 lipopeptides and tupaia hepatocytes Efficient inhibition of hepatitis B virus infection by acylated peptides derived from the large viral surface protein In vivo neutralization of hepatitis B virus infection by an anti-preS1 humanized antibody in chimpanzees Infection process of the hepatitis B virus depends on the presence of a defined sequence in the pre-S1 domain Fine mapping of virus-neutralizing epitopes on hepatitis B virus PreS1 Fine mapping of pre-S sequence requirements for hepatitis B virus large envelope protein-mediated receptor interaction Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in vivo by entry inhibitors derived from the large envelope protein Hepatitis B virus hepatotropism is mediated by specific receptor recognition in the liver and not restricted to susceptible hosts Hepatitis B and D viruses exploit sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide for species-specific entry into hepatocytes Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide mediates woolly monkey hepatitis B virus infection of Tupaia hepatocytes Expression and transport function of drug uptake transporters in differentiated HepaRG cells Molecular and functional characterization of bile acid transport in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells Cyclosporin A and its analogs inhibit hepatitis B virus entry into cultured hepatocytes through targeting a membrane transporter NTCP Evaluation and identification of hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors using HepG2 cells overexpressing a membrane transporter NTCP Molecular determinants of hepatitis B and D virus entry restriction in mouse sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide Cyclosporin A modulates the sensitivity of HIV-1 to host restriction factors Activation and inhibition of cellular calcium and tyrosine kinase signaling pathways identify targets of the HBx protein involved in hepatitis B virus replication Alisporivir, a cyclosporin derivative that selectively inhibits cyclophilin, for the treatment of HCV infection Cyclophilin inhibitors for hepatitis C therapy Ezetimibe blocks hepatitis B virus infection after virus uptake into hepatocytes Structure-activity relationship for FDA approved drugs as inhibitors of the human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) keywords: acid; bile; cells; entry; hbv; hepatitis; hepatocytes; infection; ntcp; pres1; protein; receptor; virus cache: cord-321481-vrfwczve.txt plain text: cord-321481-vrfwczve.txt item: #927 of 1203 id: cord-321562-hk4hzl13 author: Liu, Xuan title: Cell membrane-derived biomimetic nanodecoys for viruses date: 2020-05-12 words: 1415 flesch: 24 summary: Rather than employing natural cell membrane directly, cell plasma membrane can further be engineered artificially to display more active proteins and thereby be endowed with specific virus-binding components. The curative therapeutic outcome indicated promising po- tential for future clinical translation and this work opens up new perspectives for biomimetic binding strategies as valuable tools to overcome the clinical challenges against virus infection. keywords: cell; infection; membrane; virus cache: cord-321562-hk4hzl13.txt plain text: cord-321562-hk4hzl13.txt item: #928 of 1203 id: cord-321741-aq76s37x author: Andersen, Petter I. title: Discovery and development of safe-in-man broad-spectrum antiviral agents date: 2020-04-30 words: 5447 flesch: 26 summary: RFP-expressing RVFV, nanoLuc-expressing CHIKV and RRV, as well as GFP-expressing FLUAV, HCV and HMPV also allowed identification of novel activities of several BSAAs (Andersen et al., 2019b; Bosl et al., 2019; de Graaf et al., 2007; Habjan et al., 2008; Ianevski et al., 2018; Jupille et al., 2011; Kittel et al., 2004; Lee et al., 2017; Utt et al., 2016) . Therefore, repositioning of launched or even failed drugs to viral diseases provides unique translational opportunities, including a substantially higher probability of success to market as compared with developing new virus-specific drugs and vaccines, and a significantly reduced cost and timeline to clinical availability Pizzorno et al., 2019; Zheng et al., 2018) . keywords: activities; agents; antiviral; assays; bsaas; cells; development; drug; et al; human; infections; novel; replication; studies; treatment; virus; viruses; zika cache: cord-321741-aq76s37x.txt plain text: cord-321741-aq76s37x.txt item: #929 of 1203 id: cord-321756-a7eh4dkb author: Kwofie, Theophilus B title: Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana date: 2012-04-10 words: 3677 flesch: 42 summary: Rapid and quantitative detection of human adenovirus DNA by real-time PCR Comparison of real-time PCR assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children Simultaneous detection of influenza viruses A and B using real-time quantitative PCR Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana Review of infectious diseases Viral respiratory infections and their role as public health problem in tropical countries (review) Respiratory syncytial virus infection in tropical and developing countries Update: respiratory syncytial virus activity-United States, 1996-97 season Epidemiology and aetiology of acute bronchiolitis in Hong Kong infants Viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in Northern Taiwan Respiratory adenoviral infections in children: a study of hospitalized cases in southern Taiwan in 2001-2002 Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections Detection of a broad range of human adenoviruses in respiratory tract samples using a sensitive multiplex real time PCR assay Adenovirus pneumonia in infants and factors for developing bronchiolitis obliterans: a 5-year follow-up Epidemiology and clinical presentation of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a rural area of southern Mozambique Clinical presentation and severity of viral community-acquired pneumonia in young Nepalese children keywords: acute; children; countries; infections; patients; study; tract; viruses cache: cord-321756-a7eh4dkb.txt plain text: cord-321756-a7eh4dkb.txt item: #930 of 1203 id: cord-321835-qn33sx8x author: Bailey, Emily S. title: A Mini Review of the Zoonotic Threat Potential of Influenza Viruses, Coronaviruses, Adenoviruses, and Enteroviruses date: 2018-04-09 words: 3724 flesch: 36 summary: Types of Influenza Viruses Influenza A(H3N2) virus in swine at agricultural fairs and transmission to humans Are people living near modern swine production facilities at increased risk of influenza virus infection? Evidence for cross-species influenza Among the recently emerged respiratory pathogens are influenza viruses, coronaviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses. keywords: cases; disease; human; infection; influenza; novel; outbreak; transmission; viruses cache: cord-321835-qn33sx8x.txt plain text: cord-321835-qn33sx8x.txt item: #931 of 1203 id: cord-322082-80ym2rsq author: Monto, Arnold S title: Lessons From Influenza Pandemics of the Last 100 Years date: 2020-03-01 words: 4089 flesch: 41 summary: Influenza viruses were first isolated in the 1930s, and the etiology and timing of previous activity were based on testing of sera from individuals who had lived through the period in question. That tantalizing observation has been used recently to strengthen the suggestion that small-particle aerosol transmission of influenza viruses is of importance. keywords: a(h1n1; human; influenza; mortality; pandemic; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt plain text: cord-322082-80ym2rsq.txt item: #932 of 1203 id: cord-322206-roxa3ix6 author: I. Sardi, Silvia title: High-Quality Resolution of the Outbreak-Related Zika Virus Genome and Discovery of New Viruses Using Ion Torrent-Based Metatranscriptomics date: 2020-07-21 words: 4203 flesch: 39 summary: Virome of > 12 thousand Culex mosquitoes from throughout California Southern tomato virus: The link between the families Totiviridae and Partitiviridae Expanding our Understanding of the Seaweed Holobiont: RNA Viruses of the Red Alga Delisea pulchra This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license We thank all the members of Virology and Allergy and Acarology laboratories. Due to their worldwide occurrence and fast adaptation to environmental changes, mosquitoes from the Aedes genus play an important role in the transmission of viral etiological agents of emerging human infections, including Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Chikungunya virus (CHYKV) and 2 of 10 Yellow fever virus (YFV) keywords: analysis; figure; genomes; reads; regions; rna; sequences; sequencing; virus; viruses; zika cache: cord-322206-roxa3ix6.txt plain text: cord-322206-roxa3ix6.txt item: #933 of 1203 id: cord-322234-1zyy536y author: Lorusso, Alessio title: One-step real-time RT-PCR for pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009 matrix gene detection in swine samples date: 2009-12-17 words: 4171 flesch: 40 summary: In that case, two consequences will be obvious: first, a reservoir of H1N1 virus in the swine population poses an elevated risk for human infection via aerosol transmission from clinically ill pigs, and second, dramatic economic losses for the pork industry due to direct disease related costs as well as indirect market losses. Although the 2009 H1N1 is related genetically to swine influenza viruses, human infection has not been connected to pig exposure. keywords: assay; h1n1; influenza; pandemic; pcr; pigs; rna; swine; virus; viruses cache: cord-322234-1zyy536y.txt plain text: cord-322234-1zyy536y.txt item: #934 of 1203 id: cord-322748-a5131tv9 author: Yates, Mary K. title: Flex-nucleoside analogues – Novel therapeutics against filoviruses date: 2017-06-15 words: 1496 flesch: 47 summary: One therapeutic option for the development of antiviral treatments is the use of nucleoside analogues. Nucleoside analogues have long been the cornerstone of antiviral therapies due to their ability to inhibit viral replication because they mimic the structure of the natural nucleosides. keywords: activity; analogues; ebov; nucleoside; viruses cache: cord-322748-a5131tv9.txt plain text: cord-322748-a5131tv9.txt item: #935 of 1203 id: cord-322904-9mta0aem author: Neu, Ursula title: The Polyomaviridae: Contributions of virus structure to our understanding of virus receptors and infectious entry date: 2009-02-01 words: 9656 flesch: 46 summary: key: cord-322904-9mta0aem authors: Neu, Ursula; Stehle, Thilo; Atwood, Walter J. title: The Polyomaviridae: Contributions of virus structure to our understanding of virus receptors and infectious entry date: 2009-02-01 journal: Virology DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.12.021 sha: doc_id: 322904 cord_uid: 9mta0aem This review summarizes the fields major findings related to the characterization of polyomavirus structures and to the characterization of virus receptors and mechanisms of host cell invasion. The two β-sheets are organized into a jelly-roll fold, a structural motif that is quite often observed in virus capsid proteins but rare in non-viral proteins. keywords: acid; binding; capsid; cells; et al; group; human; infection; mpyv; neunac; polyomavirus; protein; receptor; structure; sv40; virus; viruses; vp1 cache: cord-322904-9mta0aem.txt plain text: cord-322904-9mta0aem.txt item: #936 of 1203 id: cord-323009-frej2qmb author: Nakouné, Emmanuel title: First introduction of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 and detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric patients in Central African Republic date: 2013-02-08 words: 2842 flesch: 40 summary: What are the implications for childhood pneumonia of successfully introducing Hib and pneumococcal vaccines in developing countries Childhood pneumonia-progress and challenges Epidemiological and clinical study of viral respiratory tract infections in children from Italy Occurrence of respiratory virus: time, place and person Respiratory viral infections in infants: causes, clinical symptoms, virology, and immunology Influenza in Africa Epidemiological and virological influenza survey in Dakar Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 influenza virus detection by real time RT-PCR: is viral quantification useful? Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNA viruses Use of a multiplex PCR/RT-PCR approach to assess the viral causes of influenza-like illnesses in Cambodia during three consecutive dry seasons epidemiology and factors associated with fatal cases CDC: Introduction and transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus-Kenya pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus outbreak and response-Rwanda Pandemic H1N1 influenza lessons from the southern hemisphere Transmission characteristics of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic: comparison of 8 Southern hemisphere countries Sentinel surveillance for influenza and other respiratory viruses in Côte d'Ivoire Viral etiology of severe pneumonia among Kenyan infants and children Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana Burden of interpandemic influenza in children younger than 5 years: a 25-year prospective study Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children Incidence and clinical characteristics of the infection by the respiratory syncytial virus in children admitted in Santa Casa de São Paulo Hospital Establishing a surveillance network for severe lower respiratory tract infections in Korean infants and young children Virological and clinical characterization of respiratory infections in children attending an emergency department during the first autumn-winter circulation of pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus Molecular monitoring of causative viruses in child acute respiratory infection in endemo-epidemic situations in Shanghai Seasonal variations of 15 respiratory agents illustrated by the application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: key: cord-323009-frej2qmb authors: Nakouné, Emmanuel; Tricou, Vianney; Manirakiza, Alexandre; Komoyo, Francis; Selekon, Benjamin; Gody, Jean Chrysostome; Victoir, Kathleen; Buchy, Philippe; Kazanji, Mirdad title: First introduction of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 and detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric patients in Central African Republic date: 2013-02-08 journal: Virol J DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-49 sha: doc_id: 323009 cord_uid: frej2qmb BACKGROUND: Acute viral respiratory illnesses in children in sub-Saharan Africa have received relatively little attention, although they are much more frequent causes of morbidity and mortality than in developed countries. keywords: car; children; illness; influenza; pandemic; respiratory; study; viruses cache: cord-323009-frej2qmb.txt plain text: cord-323009-frej2qmb.txt item: #937 of 1203 id: cord-323195-buzcb8ya author: Valtonen, Maarit title: Common cold in Team Finland during 2018 Winter Olympic Games (PyeongChang): epidemiology, diagnosis including molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) and treatment date: 2019-05-29 words: 4240 flesch: 51 summary: A prospective intervention study on higher-dose oseltamivir treatment in adults hospitalized with influenza A and B infections High viral load and respiratory failure in adults hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infections Viral load and sequence analysis reveal the symptom severity, diversity, and transmission clusters of rhinovirus infections Human coronaviruses and other respiratory infections in young adults on a university campus: prevalence, symptoms, and shedding Asymptomatic shedding of respiratory virus among an ambulatory population across seasons PCR detection of respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic and symptomatic adults Incidence, etiology, and symptomatology of upper respiratory illness in elite athletes Clinical and laboratory evaluation of upper respiratory symptoms in elite athletes Serology enhances molecular diagnosis of respiratory virus infections other than influenza in children and adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia Review article: influenza transmission on aircraft: a systematic literature review Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review Evidence of respiratory syncytial virus spread by aerosol. ► At major sport events, healthcare providers should share information concerning detected respiratory virus infections to all teams to prevent an epidemics of respiratory viruses. keywords: athletes; cases; cold; days; infections; influenza; members; team; virus; viruses cache: cord-323195-buzcb8ya.txt plain text: cord-323195-buzcb8ya.txt item: #938 of 1203 id: cord-323311-xl2fv0qx author: Kahn, R. E. title: 6th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses date: 2012-09-07 words: 19173 flesch: 32 summary: Such research begins with either in vitro studies of virus replication on cell lines or primary cell cultures, moving to nonhuman primate models of virus infection. Already, a good understanding of the 'timing' and extent of immune (innate)-mediated injury after virus infection has been achieved. keywords: analysis; animal; avian; bats; bse; cell; disease; emergence; et al; fever; food; h5n1; health; host; human; infection; influenza; influenza viruses; laboratory; new; pandemic; pathogens; pigs; potential; presentation; professor; public; research; response; risk; species; states; studies; study; swine; system; transmission; united; virus; viruses; zoonotic cache: cord-323311-xl2fv0qx.txt plain text: cord-323311-xl2fv0qx.txt item: #939 of 1203 id: cord-323333-keshu99t author: Schleis, Thomas G. title: The Process: New Methods of Purification and Viral Safety date: 2013-01-16 words: 2214 flesch: 43 summary: Schleis, Thomas G. title: The Process: New Methods of Purification and Viral Safety date: 2013-01-16 journal: Pharmacotherapy DOI: 10.1592/phco.2005.25.11part2.73s sha: doc_id: 323333 cord_uid: keshu99t From the transmission of hepatitis C virus by gammaglobulins in 1994 to the emergence of new viruses and concern over prions, intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) manufacturers have continued to address safety issues and respond to changing needs. Except for a couple of sporadic and poorly documented reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission by IGIV, 1, 2 concern over viral transmission with these products first attracted widespread attention in 1993-1994, when more than 125 patients became infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) after receiving Gammagard (Baxter Healthcare Corp., Westlake Village, CA) and Polygam (American Red Cross) IGIV products. keywords: igiv; manufacturers; plasma; products; safety; viruses cache: cord-323333-keshu99t.txt plain text: cord-323333-keshu99t.txt item: #940 of 1203 id: cord-323358-05bk91lm author: Bhaskar, Sathyamoorthy title: Engineering protein nanocages as carriers for biomedical applications date: 2017-04-07 words: 9556 flesch: 35 summary: 65 Application of protein nanocages as vaccine/immune modulators Protein nanocages have shown promising potential as a display platform for pathogenic epitopes to elicit the production of neutralizing antibodies. 1, 3 Examples of naturederived nanocarriers include protein nanocages such as viruses, ferritin and many others that are formed by the self-assembly of protein subunits, resulting in a cage-like structure. keywords: applications; assembly; cell; delivery; drug; ferritin; interior; ligands; molecules; nanocages; nanoparticles; protein; protein nanocages; self; structure; subunits; surface; targeting; virus; viruses cache: cord-323358-05bk91lm.txt plain text: cord-323358-05bk91lm.txt item: #941 of 1203 id: cord-323404-3mw4q7m3 author: Bomsel, Morgane title: Entry of viruses through the epithelial barrier: pathogenic trickery date: 2003 words: 8113 flesch: 32 summary: (3) mediates rotavirus cell entry RGD and other recognition sequences for integrins Integrin α 3 β 1 (CD 49c/29) is a cellular receptor for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) entry into the target cells VLA-2 (α 2 β 1 ) integrin promotes rotavirus entry into cells but is not necessary for rotavirus attachment Rotavirus contains integrin ligand sequences and a disintegrin-like domain that are implicated in virus entry into cells Entry of rotaviruses is a multistep process Adenovirus endocytosis via α (v) integrins requires phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase Internalization of echovirus 1 in caveolae Viral evolution toward change in receptor usage: adaptation of a major group of human rhinovirus to grow in ICAM-1-negative cells This characterization of the cellular function of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) sheds light on the polarity of the entry of these viruses Entry of α-herpesviruses mediated by poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 and poliovirus receptor Coronavirus infection of polarized epithelial cells Quaternary structure of coronavirus spikes in complex with carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule cellular receptors Assymetric budding of viruses in epithelial cells: a model system for study of epithelial polarity Interaction of the poliovirus receptor with poliovirus Endocytic traffic in polarized epithelial cells: role of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton GPI-anchored proteins are delivered to recycling endosomes via a distinct cdc42-regulated, clathrinindependent pinocytic pathway Conversion by Peyer's patch lymphocytes of human enterocytes into M cells that transport bacteria The role of cell-to-cell transmission in HIV infection Cell-to-cell contact as an efficient mode of Epstein-Barr virus infection of diverse human epithelial cells Biological parameters of HIV-1 infection in primary intestinal lymphocytes Constitutive expression of stromal derived factor-1 by mucosal epithelia Intercellular trafficking and protein delivery by a herpesvirus structural protein Role of tight junctions of polarized epithelial MDCK cells in the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 The spread of herpes simplex virus type 1 from trigeminal neurons to the murine cornea: an immunoelectron microscopy study Neutrophil chemotaxis induced by corneal epithelial cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection Human cytomegalovirus infects Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells basolaterally regardless of the differentiation state Patterned entry and egress by Epstein-Barr virus in polarized CR2-positive epithelial cells Epstein-Barr virus gH is essential for penetration of B cells but also plays a role in attachment of virus to epithelial cells Vaccinia virus preferentially enters polarized epithelial cells through the basolateral surface Specific interaction of HIV-1 and HIV-2 surface envelope glycoproteins with monolayers of galactosylceramide and ganglioside GM3 Respiratory syncytial virus induces selective production of the chemokine RANTES by upper airway epithelial cells Respiratory syncytial virus with the fusion protein as its only viral glycoprotein is less dependent on cellular glycosaminoglycans for attachment than complete virus Immunocytochemical colocalization of specific immunoglobulin A with Sendai virus protein in infected polarized epithelium Polarized budding of measles virus is not determined by viral surface glycoproteins Measles virus matrix protein specifies apical virus release and glycoprotein sorting in epithelial cells Identification of the α 6 integrin as a candidate receptor for papillomaviruses Influenza virus assembly and lipid raft microdomains: a role for the cytoplasmic tails of the spike glycoproteins Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein does not determine the site of virus release in polarized epithelial cells Rotavirus infection induces cytoskeleton disorganization in human intestinal epithelial cells: implication of an increase in intracellular calcium concentration Rotavirus infection of cultured intestinal epithelial cells induces secretion of CXC and CC chemokines Reovirus receptors and apoptosis Identification of carbohydrate-binding domains in the attachment proteins of type 1 and type 3 reoviruses Retargeting the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor to the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells reveals the glycocalyx as a barrier to adenovirus-mediated gene transfer Basolateral localization of fiber receptors limits adenovirus infection from the apical surface of airway epithelia Structural studies of two rhinovirus serotypes complexed with fragments of their cellular receptor Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis has multiple effects on human rhinovirus serotype 2 cell entry A novel membrane protein is a mouse mammary tumor virus receptor Coronaviruses in polarized epithelial cells Infection of polarized epithelial cells with enteric and respiratory tract bovine coronaviruses and release of virus progeny Mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 is released from opposite sides of different epithelial cell types Antigenic and molecular analyses reveal that the equine rotavirus strain H-1 is closely related to porcine, but not equine, rotaviruses: interspecies transmission from pigs to horses? As such, almost all viruses interact with epithelial cells, and make use of the normal epithelial signalling and trafficking pathways of the host cell. keywords: attachment; cell; entry; epithelial; host; human; infection; integrin; membrane; protein; receptor; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-323404-3mw4q7m3.txt plain text: cord-323404-3mw4q7m3.txt item: #942 of 1203 id: cord-323683-9h9mld6x author: Butler, M. title: Virus Removal by Disinfection of Effluents date: 2013-11-17 words: 6655 flesch: 39 summary: It is well known that at least a hundred different types of enteric viruses (Table 1 ) may be found in human faeces (Melnick, Gerba and Wallis, 1978) , of which at least some could be expected to be in final effluents. It'is also possible that certain viruses excreted with the urine could also be present (Utz, 1974) but in general, it is likely that the frequency and pathogenic potential of enteric viruses will be influenced by geographic, seasonal,as well as socioeconomic factors. keywords: acid; chlorine; disinfectant; disinfection; effluent; enteric; treatment; viruses; water cache: cord-323683-9h9mld6x.txt plain text: cord-323683-9h9mld6x.txt item: #943 of 1203 id: cord-323700-5awng7h1 author: Goggin, Rachel K. title: Comparative Viral Sampling in the Sinonasal Passages; Different Viruses at Different Sites date: 2018-09-19 words: 3528 flesch: 35 summary: Prevalence of rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis Nasal swab samples and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in community-based, longitudinal studies of respiratory viruses: the importance of sample integrity and quality control Exploring the prevalence of ten polyomaviruses and two herpes viruses in breast cancer Newly identified human rhinoviruses: molecular methods heat up the cold viruses Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology Latent sites of Epstein-Barr virus infection High rates of detection of respiratory viruses in the nasal washes and mucosae of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis The bacterial microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis: richness, diversity, postoperative changes, and patient outcomes Chronic rhinosinusitis: potential role of microbial dysbiosis and recommendations for sampling sites Detection of herpesviruses 1-6 and community-acquired respiratory viruses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis Human coronavirus infections in rural Thailand: a comprehensive study using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays The nasal microbiome in asthma European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps Community-acquired respiratory viruses Real-time RT-PCR detection of 12 respiratory viral infections in four triplex reactions Nasal swab versus nasopharyngeal aspirate for isolation of respiratory viruses Rapid and quantitative detection of human adenovirus DNA by real-time PCR Detection of rhinovirus in turbinate epithelial cells of chronic sinusitis Quantitative analysis of Epstein-Barr virus load by using a real-time PCR assay The etiology and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis: a review of current hypotheses Comparing nose-throat swabs and nasopharyngeal aspirates collected from children with symptoms for respiratory virus identification using real-time polymerase chain reaction Respiratory viral infection in the chronic persistent phase of chronic rhinosinusitis The seasonality of respiratory viruses in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis The healthy human microbiome Staging in rhinosinusitus Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of human metapneumoviruses from all known genetic lineages The human respiratory microbiome: implications and impact Comparative evaluation of Taqman real-time PCR and semi-nested VP1 PCR for detection of enteroviruses in clinical specimens Python for scientific computing Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in chronic sinusitis using polymerase chain reaction Quantitative detection and differentiation of human herpesvirus 6 subtypes in bone marrow transplant patients by using a single real-time polymerase chain reaction assay Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. keywords: detection; et al; nasal; patients; pcr; samples; sampling; viruses cache: cord-323700-5awng7h1.txt plain text: cord-323700-5awng7h1.txt item: #944 of 1203 id: cord-323710-cmbg0ty8 author: Mühlebach, Michael D. title: Development of Recombinant Measles Virus-Based Vaccines date: 2016-11-26 words: 4318 flesch: 41 summary: Sixty-Third World Health Assembly Rescue of measles viruses from cloned DNA Measles virus spread and pathogenesis in genetically modified mice A single injection of recombinant measles virus vaccines expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 clade B envelope glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to HIV A recombinant measles vaccine expressing chikungunya virus-like particles is strongly immunogenic and protects mice from lethal challenge with chikungunya virus Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a recombinant measles-virus-based chikungunya vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-comparator, first-inman trial A vectored measles virus induces hepatitis B surface antigen antibodies while protecting macaques against measles virus challenge Protective anti-hepatitis B virus responses in rhesus monkeys primed with a vectored measles virus and boosted with a single dose of hepatitis B surface antigen A recombinant measles virus expressing hepatitis B virus surface antigen induces humoral immune responses in genetically modified mice Attenuated measles virus as a vaccine vector Recombinant measles viruses expressing heterologous antigens of mumps and simian immunodeficiency viruses Recombinant measles virus incorporating heterologous viral membrane proteins for use as vaccines Measles vaccine expressing the secreted form of West Nile virus envelope glycoprotein induces protective immunity in squirrel monkeys, a new model of West Nile virus infection Live measles vaccine expressing the secreted form of the West Nile virus envelope glycoprotein protects against West Nile virus encephalitis Live attenuated measles vaccine expressing HIV-1 Gag virus like particles covered with gp160DeltaV1V2 is strongly immunogenic Immunogenicity of a recombinant measles-HIV-1 clade B candidate vaccine Immunogenicity of a recombinant measles HIV-1 subtype C vaccine Toxicology, biodistribution and shedding profile of a recombinant measles vaccine vector expressing HIV-1 antigens, in cynomolgus macaques A recombinant live attenuated measles vaccine vector primes effective HLA-A0201-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes and broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 conserved epitopes Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses The successful induction of T-cell and antibody responses by a recombinant measles virusvectored tetravalent dengue vaccine provides partial protection against dengue-2 infection Immunogenic subviral particles displaying domain III of dengue 2 envelope protein vectored by measles virus Pediatric measles vaccine expressing a dengue antigen induces durable serotypespecific neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus Pediatric measles vaccine expressing a dengue tetravalent antigen elicits neutralizing antibodies against all four dengue viruses Protection from SARS coronavirus conferred by live measles vaccine expressing the spike glycoprotein Recombinant measles virus exp ressing single or multiple antigens of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) in duce cellular and humoral immune responses Immunogenicity of next-generation HPV vaccines in non-human primates: measles-vectored HPV vaccine versus Pichia pastoris recombinant protein vaccine Recombinant measles virus-HPV vaccine candidates for prevention of cervical carcinoma Evaluation of a recombinant measles virus expressing hepatitis C virus envelope proteins by infection of human PBL-NOD/Scid/ Jak3null mouse Broadly neutralizing immune responses against hepatitis C virus induced by vectored measles viruses and a recombinant envelope protein booster Immunogenicity of attenuated measles virus engineered to express Helicobacter pylori neutrophilactivating protein AIK-C measles vaccine expressing fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus induces protective antibodies in cotton rats Recombinant measles viruses expressing respiratory syncytial virus proteins induced virus-specific CTL responses in cotton rats Evaluation of measles vaccine virus as a vector to deliver respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein or Epstein-Barr virus glycoprotein gp350 A highly immunogenic and protective middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a recombinant measles virus vaccine platform Study of pathogenicity of Nipah virus and its vaccine development Recombinant measles AIK-C vaccine strain expressing the prM-E antigen of Japanese encephalitis virus Non-invasive in vivo monitoring of trackable viruses expressing soluble marker peptides Image-guided radiovirotherapy for multiple myeloma using a recombinant measles virus expressing the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter Toward developing a preventive MERS-CoV vaccine-report from a workshop organized by the Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health and the International Vaccine Institute A roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: report from a World Health Organization consultation Rescue of measles virus using a replication-deficient vaccinia-T7 vector RNA polymerase II-controlled expression of antigenomic RNA enhances the rescue efficacies of two different members of the Mononegavirales independently of the site of viral genome replication The rule of six, a basic feature for efficient replication of Sendai virus defective interfering RNA Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihenversuche key: cord-323710-cmbg0ty8 authors: Mühlebach, Michael D.; Hutzler, Stefan title: Development of Recombinant Measles Virus-Based Vaccines date: 2016-11-26 journal: Recombinant Virus Vaccines DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6869-5_9 sha: doc_id: 323710 cord_uid: cmbg0ty8 This chapter describes the development of recombinant measles virus (MV)-based vaccines starting from plasmid DNA. keywords: antigen; cells; measles; plasmids; recombinant; rescue; responses; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-323710-cmbg0ty8.txt plain text: cord-323710-cmbg0ty8.txt item: #945 of 1203 id: cord-323793-c69joaqs author: Palmieri, V. title: Can graphene take part in the fight against COVID-19? date: 2020-05-07 words: 2814 flesch: 37 summary: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) Revisiting the dangers of the coronavirus in the ophthalmology practice Graphene based biosensors-accelerating medical diagnostics to new-dimensions Engineering Optical Absorption in Graphene and Other 2D Materials: Advances and Applications Graphene oxide touches blood:: In vivo interactions of bio-coronated 2D materials, Nanoscale Horizons Bacteria Meet Graphene: Modulation of Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Interaction with Human Pathogens for Effective Antimicrobial Therapy The graphene oxide contradictory effects against human pathogens Low cost synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using biopolymer for influenza virus sensor Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunoassay for avian influenza subtype H5 using nanocomposite Silver nanoparticles coated graphene electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive analysis of avian influenza virus H7 Protein degradation and RNA efflux of viruses photocatalyzed by graphene-tungsten oxide composite under visible light irradiation Modified cyclodextrins as broad-spectrum antivirals Membrane Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 Is Responsible for Interaction with the Adhesion Receptor Size-dependent inhibition of herpesvirus cellular entry by polyvalent nanoarchitectures Highly efficient multivalent 2D nanosystems for inhibition of orthopoxvirus particles The future development of bacteria fighting medical devices: the role of graphene oxide The 2019 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) surface protein (Spike) S1 Receptor Binding Domain undergoes conformational change upon heparin binding Graphenebased Hotplate for the Capturing and Destruction of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type Multisite inhibitors for enteric coronavirus: antiviral cationic carbon dots based on curcumin Synergistic antiviral effect of curcumin functionalized graphene oxide against respiratory syncytial virus infection Functionalized nanographene sheets with high antiviral activity through synergistic electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions Virus Capture and Destruction by Label-Free Graphene Oxide for Detection and Disinfection Applications Herpes simplex virus type-1 attachment inhibition by functionalized graphene oxide Antiviral activity of graphene oxide: how sharp edged structure and charge matter Graphene oxide and lipid membranes: interactions and nanocomposite structures Reduced graphene oxide directed self-assembly of phospholipid monolayers in liquid and gel phases Antiviral Activity of Graphene-Silver Nanocomposites against Non-Enveloped and Enveloped Viruses Graphene quantum dots based systems as HIV inhibitors Hypericin-loaded graphene oxide protects ducks against a novel duck reovirus Pristine graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of hexagonally arranged carbon atoms, graphene oxide (GO) is its oxidized counterpart. keywords: activity; coronavirus; covid-19; graphene; materials; oxide; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt plain text: cord-323793-c69joaqs.txt item: #946 of 1203 id: cord-323930-pl3qlcpo author: Sohail, Ayesha title: Forecasting the timeframe of coronavirus and human cells interaction with reverse engineering date: 2020-04-29 words: 1503 flesch: 44 summary: A standard mathematical description of this function is given as: (1) A computational framework to interpret the dynamics of viral infection is presented in this manuscript. Subunit S1 contains RBD (Receptor Binding Domain), which binds to the ACE-2 protein (angiotensin-84 converting enzyme 2) of the host cell membrane (on the surface of respiratory cells), which, in turn 85 functions as a receptor for the ligand (anti-receptor) constituted by the RBD domain itself. keywords: coronavirus; infection; protein; receptor; sars cache: cord-323930-pl3qlcpo.txt plain text: cord-323930-pl3qlcpo.txt item: #947 of 1203 id: cord-323987-gh1m05gi author: Dziąbowska, Karolina title: Detection Methods of Human and Animal Influenza Virus—Current Trends date: 2018-10-18 words: 11146 flesch: 43 summary: Influenza Other Respir Bioassay Development for Ultrasensitive Detection of Influenza A Nucleoprotein Using Digital ELISA Highly sensitive colorimetric immunosensor for influenza virus H5N1 based on enzyme-encapsulated liposome A highly sensitive europium nanoparticle-based immunoassay for detection of influenza A/B virus antigen in clinical specimens Identification and subtyping of avian influenza viruses by reverse transcription-PCR Evaluation of saliva as diagnostic materials for influenza virus infection by PCR-based assays Nucleic acid dipstick test for molecular diagnosis of pandemic H1N1 Development and evaluation of a real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification assay for rapid detection of influenza A Detection of human influenza A viruses by loop-mediated isothermal amplification Development and evaluation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and real-time detection of the swine-origin influenza A H1N1 virus Comparison of Next-Generation Sequencing Systems A tale of three next generation sequencing platforms: Comparison of Ion Torrent, Pacific Biosciences and Illumina MiSeq sequencers Optimization of affinity, specificity and function of designed influenza inhibitors using deep sequencing Electrochemical Sensors for Detections of Influenza Viruses: Fundamentals and Applications Novel Nano Biosensor Developed for Rapid Detection of Flu Virus Applying the miniaturization technologies for biosensor design Rapid detection for primary screening of influenza A virus: Microfluidic RT-PCR chip and electrochemical DNA sensor Use of semiconductor-based oligonucleotide microarrays for influenza a virus subtype identification and sequencing Detection of viruses with molecularly imprinted polymers integrated on a microfluidic biochip using contact-less dielectric microsensors Evaluation of a smartphone-based rapid fluorescent diagnostic system for H9N2 virus in specific-pathogen-free chickens A paper-based microfluidic Dot-ELISA system with smartphone for the detection of influenza A. Microfluid Electrochemical assay to detect influenza viruses and measure drug susceptibility The phenomenon of fluorescence in immunosensors Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Influenza Detection-Literature Survey Direct and label-free influenza virus detection based on multisite binding to sialic acid receptors A rapid-response ultrasensitive biosensor for influenza virus detection using antibody modified boron-doped diamond A PCR-free point-of-care capacitive immunoassay for influenza A virus Electrochemical immunosensor for detection of antibodies against influenza A virus H5N1 in hen serum An amplified electrochemical immunosensor based on in situ-produced 1-naphthol as electroactive substance and graphene oxide and Pt nanoparticles functionalized CeO2 nanocomposites as signal enhancer Dual immunosensor based on methylene blue-electroadsorbed graphene oxide for rapid detection of the influenza A virus antigen Label-free Detection of Influenza Viruses using a Reduced Graphene Oxide-based Electrochemical Immunosensor Integrated with a Microfluidic Platform Highly sensitive detection of influenza virus by boron-doped diamond electrode terminated with sialic acid-mimic peptide Universal biosensor for detection of influenza virus Electrochemical Biosensing for the Diagnosis of Viral Infections and Tropical Diseases Electrochemical biosensing of influenza A subtype genome based on meso/macroporous cobalt (II) oxide nanoflakes-applied to human samples Role of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for highly prevalent viral infections Amperometric bioaffinity sensing platform for avian influenza virus proteins with aptamer modified gold nanoparticles on carbon chips Carbon nanotag based visual detection of influenza A virus by a lateral flow immunoassay In situ self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates for influenza virus-sensing platform Highly Uniform Gold Nanobipyramids for Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Detection of Influenza Virus Hewlett, I. Sensitive detection of influenza viruses with Europium nanoparticles on an epoxy silica sol-gel functionalized polycarbonate-polydimethylsiloxane hybrid microchip Aptasensors for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Rapid detection of avian influenza virus H5N1 in chicken tracheal samples using an impedance aptasensor with gold nanoparticles for signal amplification Aptamer-based 'point-of-care testing Specific Recognition of Human Influenza Virus with PEDOT Bearing Sialic Acid-Terminated Trisaccharides Silver nanoparticles coated graphene electrochemical sensor for the ultrasensitive analysis of avian influenza virus H7 A nanohybrid of platinum nanoparticles-porous ZnO-hemin with electrocatalytic activity to construct an amplified immunosensor for detection of influenza LabVIEW-based impedance biosensing system for detection of avian influenza virus A multi-virus detectable microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for simultaneous detection of H1N1, H5N1, and H7N9 virus using ZnO nanorods for sensitivity enhancement Label-free electrochemical detection of neuraminidase activity: A facile whole blood diagnostic probe for infectious diseases Ultrasensitive detection of influenza viruses with a glycan-based impedimetric biosensor Influenza A Virus-Host Protein Interactions Control Viral Pathogenesis Immunomodulatory Nonstructural Proteins of Influenza A Viruses Identification of Novel Influenza A Virus Proteins Translated from PA mRNA PA-X is a virulence factor in avian H9N2 influenza virus Direct electrochemical detection of PB1-F2 protein of influenza A virus in infected cells Extrinsic surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of influenza A virus enhanced by two-dimensional gold@silver core-shell nanoparticle arrays Surface-enhanced Raman scattering based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for sensitive influenza detection Fluorescent Neuraminidase Assay Based on Supramolecular Dye Capture After Enzymatic Cleavage A promising magnetic SERS immunosensor for sensitive detection of avian influenza virus Early Diagnosis of Influenza Virus A Using Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering-based Lateral Flow Assay Rapid detection of avian influenza A virus by immunochromatographic test using a novel fluorescent dye Enhanced catalytic activity of gold nanoparticle-carbon nanotube hybrids for influenza virus detection Detection of influenza virus using peroxidase-mimic of gold nanoparticles Upconversion luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET)-based biosensor for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of avian influenza virus H7 subtype Detection and differentiation of influenza viruses with glycan-functionalized gold nanoparticles Neuraminidase Resistant Sialosides for the Detection of Influenza Viruses keywords: acid; amplification; analysis; antibodies; assay; authors; detection; diagnosis; gold; influenza; influenza virus; methods; pcr; rapid; results; sensitivity; sensor; surface; tests; time; virus; viruses cache: cord-323987-gh1m05gi.txt plain text: cord-323987-gh1m05gi.txt item: #948 of 1203 id: cord-324280-e8mj6ecl author: Shaman, Jeffrey title: Asymptomatic Summertime Shedding of Respiratory Viruses date: 2018-04-01 words: 2604 flesch: 38 summary: Much of the surveillance for respiratory virus infections in humans is conducted through networks of clinics and hospitals performing patient services. The best-fit logistic regression model supported an association between an increased likelihood of testing positive for respiratory virus infection and a higher total symptom score (P < .0001) and being Hispanic (P < .005). keywords: infection; influenza; participants; samples; symptom; virus; years cache: cord-324280-e8mj6ecl.txt plain text: cord-324280-e8mj6ecl.txt item: #949 of 1203 id: cord-324295-9c1zxjng author: Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine title: Bats in Ecosystems and their Wide Spectrum of Viral Infectious Threats: SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging viruses date: 2020-08-20 words: 3771 flesch: 40 summary: A study detected a high seroprevalence of antibodies against Marburg virus in fruit bats in South Africa, with a 19.1% seroconversion rate in recaptured bats 24 ; Another study detected MARV genome in bats captured in Zambia 25 ; and a posterior serosurvey identified filovirus-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in 71 out of 748 serum samples collected from migratory fruit bats 26 . Multiple studies point at bats of the genus Myotis as the main reservoir for Ebola virus given that these bats carry a copy of viral gene VP35 (Table 3) Studies in Africa analyzed 4,022 blood samples from bats, detecting antibodies against Ebola virus in one genus of insectivorous bats and six species of fruit bats 29 . keywords: bats; encephalitis; fruit; humans; rabies; species; study; table; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-324295-9c1zxjng.txt plain text: cord-324295-9c1zxjng.txt item: #950 of 1203 id: cord-324696-htx0ul4o author: Chothe, Shubhada K. title: Avian and human influenza virus compatible sialic acid receptors in little brown bats date: 2017-04-06 words: 3890 flesch: 43 summary: Tissues sections from a total of 10 juvenile and 10 adult LBBs were subjected to lectin histochemistry for the detection of influenza virus receptors. A viruses A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats Serological evidence of influenza A viruses in frugivorous bats from Africa Differences in influenza virus receptors in chickens and ducks: Implications for interspecies transmission Endocytosis of influenza viruses. keywords: avian; bats; gal; human; influenza; receptors; virus; viruses cache: cord-324696-htx0ul4o.txt plain text: cord-324696-htx0ul4o.txt item: #951 of 1203 id: cord-324775-3x5os79m author: Crowe, J.E. title: Human Respiratory Viruses date: 2008-07-30 words: 5719 flesch: 41 summary: Respiratory virus infections of humans are the most common and frequent infections of man. The anatomy and the cell types of the respiratory tract dictate to a large degree the type of disease observed during respiratory virus infection. keywords: cause; cell; children; disease; human; illness; infection; influenza; rsv; tract; virus; viruses cache: cord-324775-3x5os79m.txt plain text: cord-324775-3x5os79m.txt item: #952 of 1203 id: cord-324950-ux7shvji author: Saade, Georges title: Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract date: 2020-06-16 words: 11756 flesch: 32 summary: Microorganisms associated with pneumonia in slaughter weight swine Retrospective analysis of etiologic agents associated with respiratory diseases in pigs Infectious agents associated with respiratory diseases in 125 farrow-to-finish pig herds: a cross-sectional study Transcriptome analysis of porcine thymus following porcine cytomegalovirus infection Interaction between Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and swine influenza virus Epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in Jeju Island Longitudinal study of respiratory infection patterns of breeding sows in five farrow-to-finish herds Bacterial pathogens associated with lung lesions in slaughter pigs from 125 herds Reorganization and expansion of the nidoviral family Arteriviridae Porcine alveolar macrophage-like cells are pro-inflammatory pulmonary intravascular macrophages that produce large titers of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): pathogenesis and interaction with the immune system Infection of monocytes with European porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) strain Lena is significantly enhanced by dexamethasone and IL-10 Phenotypic and functional modulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus productively infects monocyte-derived dendritic cells and compromises their antigen-presenting ability Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Type 1.3 Lena triggers conventional dendritic cells 1 activation and T helper 1 immune response without infecting dendritic cells Dendritic cells, monocytes and macrophages: a unified nomenclature based on ontogeny PRRS virus receptors and their role for pathogenesis Molecular cloning of porcine Siglec-3, Siglec-5 and Siglec-10, and identification of Siglec-10 as an alternative receptor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Involvement of sialoadhesin in entry of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus into porcine alveolar macrophages Gene-edited pigs are protected from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Replacement of porcine CD163 scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain 5 with a CD163-Like homolog confers resistance of pigs to genotype 1 but not genotype 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Direct interaction between CD163 N-terminal domain and MYH9 C-terminal domain contributes to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus internalization by permissive cells Differential production of proinflammatory cytokines in the pig lung during different respiratory virus infections: correlations with pathogenicity Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines following infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus field isolates differ in in vitro interferon phenotypes Cytokine profiles and phenotype regulation of antigen presenting cells by genotype-I porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates Strain-dependent porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) entry and replication in T-lymphoblasts Cell tropism and entry of porcine circovirus 2 Porcine circovirus diseases Characteristics of porcine circovirus-2 replication in lymphoid organs of pigs inoculated in late gestation or postnatally and possible relation to clinical and pathological outcome of infection Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) distribution and replication in tissues and immune cells in early infected pigs Porcine circovirus type 2 displays pluripotency in cell targeting Dendritic cells harbor infectious porcine circovirus type 2 in the absence of apparent cell modulation or replication of the virus Association of lymphopenia with porcine circovirus type 2 induced postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in response to mitogen, superantigen or recall viral antigens Distribution and characterization of IL-10-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of PCV2-infected pigs Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) viral components immunomodulate recall antigen responses Subset-dependent modulation of dendritic cell activity by circovirus type 2 Review: influenza virus in pigs Influenza The impact of animal age, bacterial coinfection, and isolate pathogenicity on the shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in aerosols from experimentally infected pigs Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae possesses an antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus Enriched housing reduces disease susceptibility to co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) in young pigs Dual infections of PRRSV/influenza or PRRSV/Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the respiratory tract Polybacterial human disease: the ills of social networking How viral and intracellular bacterial pathogens reprogram the metabolism of host cells to allow their intracellular replication Intra-species and inter-species differences in cytokine production by porcine antigen-presenting cells stimulated by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Viral interference and interferon Type I interferons in infectious disease Type III interferons in viral infection and antiviral immunity The roles of type I interferon in bacterial infection A role for IFN-alpha beta in virus infection-induced sensitization to endotoxin Influenza trains the host for enhanced susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection Type I interferon induction during influenza virus infection increases susceptibility to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection by negative regulation of γδ T cells Intrinsic interference: non-interferon mediated viral interference Virus-bacteria interactions: implications and potential for the applied and agricultural sciences The antiviral and antitumor effects of defective interfering particles/genomes and their mechanisms RNAi, a new therapeutic strategy against viral infection Non-specific dsRNA-mediated antiviral response in the honey bee Roles of nonstructural polyproteins and cleavage products in regulating Sindbis virus RNA replication and transcription Superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 1 Classical swine fever virus vs. classical swine fever virus: the superinfection exclusion phenomenon in experimentally infected wild boar Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) influences infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) subtypes PCV2a and PCV2b by prolonging PCV2 viremia and shedding Microbiome associations in pigs with the best and worst clinical outcomes following co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) keywords: bacteria; cells; coinfections; disease; host; hyopneumoniae; infection; interactions; pathogens; pcv2; pigs; pleuropneumoniae; porcine; prrsv; response; studies; syndrome; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-324950-ux7shvji.txt plain text: cord-324950-ux7shvji.txt item: #953 of 1203 id: cord-324984-ojrpsdt9 author: Ji, Xingyue title: Medicinal chemistry strategies toward host targeting antiviral agents date: 2020-02-14 words: 16870 flesch: 33 summary: HSP-90 inhibitors reduce CHIKV infection and inflammation in vivo Hsp90 inhibitors exhibit resistance-free antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus Molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a therapeutic target for noroviruses Heat shock protein 90 facilitates formation of the HBV capsid via interacting with the HBV core protein dimers Hsp90, an unlikely ally in the war on cancer Geldanamycin, a ligand of heat shock protein 90, inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 replication both in vitro and in vivo Geldanamycin, a ligand of heat shock protein 90, inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro Inhibition of heat-shock protein 90 reduces Ebola virus replication Heat shock protein 90 controls HIV-1 reactivation from latency Hsp90 inhibitors reduce influenza virus replication in cell culture Hsp90 inhibitors exhibit resistance-free antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus Evolutionary constraints on chaperone-mediated folding provide an antiviral approach refractory to development of drug resistance A novel class of geldanamycin derivatives as HCV replication inhibitors targeting on Hsp90: synthesis, structure-activity relationships and anti-HCV activity in GS4.3 replicon cells Synthesis and biological evaluation of heat-shock protein 90 inhibitors: geldanamycin derivatives with broad antiviral activities Hsp90 inhibitor AT-533 blocks HSV-1 nuclear egress and assembly Inhibition of heat-shock protein 90 reduces Ebola virus replication Inhibition of HSP90 attenuates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus production in vitro Hsp90 molecular chaperone inhibitors: are we there yet? but not in patients in a randomized clinical trial Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase requires the mammalian chaperone hsp90 for proper localization to the nucleus Nuclear transport of Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase is dependent on the BMRF1 polymerase processivity factor and molecular chaperone Hsp90 Involvement of Hsp90 in assembly and nuclear import of influenza virus RNA polymerase subunits Geldanamycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of Hsp90, inhibits gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus Human butyrate-induced transcript 1 interacts with hepatitis C virus NS5A and regulates viral replication Antiviral activity and RNA polymerase degradation following Hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses Chikungunya virus nsP3 & nsP4 interacts with HSP-90 to promote virus replication: keywords: activity; antiviral; compound; cxcr4; development; drug; effects; hbv; hcv; hepatitis; hiv-1; host; hsp90; human; inhibition; inhibitors; kinase; patients; potent; protein; replication; rna; spectrum; targeting; treatment; trial; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt plain text: cord-324984-ojrpsdt9.txt item: #954 of 1203 id: cord-325230-3kg4oe4g author: Agol, Vadim I. title: Viral security proteins: counteracting host defences date: 2010-11-09 words: 8721 flesch: 30 summary: At the same time, however, there is a certain division of labour between viral proteins. The reasons for this variability are poorly understood, although receptor compatibility and effects on viral protein and RNA synthesis that are caused by differences in the availability of host factors are surely important contributors. keywords: cardiovirus; disease; host; interferon; leader; picornavirus; poliovirus; proteins; replication; rna; security; security proteins; translation; virus; viruses cache: cord-325230-3kg4oe4g.txt plain text: cord-325230-3kg4oe4g.txt item: #955 of 1203 id: cord-325280-4whzcmqv author: Takizawa, Naoki title: Current landscape and future prospects of antiviral drugs derived from microbial products date: 2017-10-11 words: 6633 flesch: 28 summary: In addition, the current state of development of antiviral drugs that target influenza virus and hepatitis B virus, and the future prospects for antivirals from natural products are described and discussed. Approximately 90 drugs have been approved to treat human infectious diseases caused by the following nine viruses: HIV, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, varicella zoster virus and human papillomavirus. keywords: activity; dna; drugs; hbv; hepatitis; hiv; host; influenza; inhibitors; microbial; polymerase; products; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-325280-4whzcmqv.txt plain text: cord-325280-4whzcmqv.txt item: #956 of 1203 id: cord-325325-xw7627x9 author: Skeik, Nedaa title: Influenza viruses and the evolution of avian influenza virus H5N1 date: 2007-10-02 words: 4082 flesch: 45 summary: Although the risk of transmission from person Influenza viruses and the evolution of avian influenza virus H5N1 to person appears low, quarantining of close contacts to patients for a week after last exposure and monitoring for symptoms may help to reduce transmission rates. Despite the high level of technology and ongoing research, at the present time there is no highly effective vaccine against avian influenza H5N1 virus that can be manufactured commercially on a large scale for use at low doses. keywords: avian; h5n1; human; infection; influenza; pandemic; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-325325-xw7627x9.txt plain text: cord-325325-xw7627x9.txt item: #957 of 1203 id: cord-325326-2bbqz4o7 author: Beitzel, Brett F. title: High-Resolution Functional Mapping of the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Genome by Insertional Mutagenesis and Massively Parallel Sequencing date: 2010-10-14 words: 7802 flesch: 45 summary: The crystal structures of Chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP3 macro domains define a conserved adenosine binding pocket Phosphorylation of Sindbis virus nsP3 in vivo and in vitro Phosphorylation site analysis of Semliki forest virus nonstructural protein 3 Deletion and duplication mutations in the C-terminal nonconserved region of Sindbis virus nsP3: effects on phosphorylation and on virus replication in vertebrate and invertebrate cells The crystal structure of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis alphavirus nsP2 protease Demonstration in vitro of temperature-sensitive elongation of RNA in Sindbis virus mutant ts6 Sequence analysis of three Sindbis virus mutants temperature-sensitive in the capsid protein autoprotease Mapping of RNA-temperaturesensitive mutants of Sindbis virus: assignment of complementation groups A, B, and G to nonstructural proteins Synthesis and processing of the nonstructural polyproteins of several temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis virus Functional defects of RNA-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of Sindbis and Semliki Forest viruses Temperature sensitive shut-off of alphavirus minus strand RNA synthesis maps to a nonstructural protein A second nonstructural protein functions in the regulation of alphavirus negative-strand RNA synthesis Mutants of sindbis virus. I. Isolation and partial characterization of 89 new temperature-sensitive mutants Roles of nonstructural polyproteins and cleavage products in regulating Sindbis virus RNA replication and transcription Novel Functions of the Alphavirus Nonstructural Protein nsP3 C-Terminal Region Functional analysis of nsP3 phosphoprotein mutants of Sindbis virus High-resolution functional profiling of hepatitis C virus genome Highresolution functional profiling of a gammaherpesvirus RTA locus in the context of the viral genome Replicon-helper systems from attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: expression of heterologous genes in vitro and immunization against heterologous pathogens in vivo Specific restrictions in the progression of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-induced disease resulting from single amino acid changes in the glycoproteins Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs The mouse research protocol was approved by the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and other federal statutes and regulations relating to animals and experiments involving animals and adheres to principles stated in The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, National Research Council, 1996. keywords: 30uc; analysis; genome; insertions; library; mice; mutants; nsp3; regions; replication; rna; sequencing; transposon; veev; virus cache: cord-325326-2bbqz4o7.txt plain text: cord-325326-2bbqz4o7.txt item: #958 of 1203 id: cord-325611-tu1bn4hu author: Pérez-Sautu, Unai title: Target-independent high-throughput sequencing methods provide evidence that already known human viral pathogens play a main role in respiratory infections with unexplained etiology date: 2019-07-23 words: 5292 flesch: 35 summary: Identification of respiratory viruses by HTS was confirmed by contig-specific RT-PCR analysis. Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries Emerging advances in rapid diagnostics of respiratory infections Mortality due to gastroenteritis of unknown etiology in the United States Deaths due to unknown foodborne agents Viral encephalitis of unknown cause: current perspective and recent advances National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Infantile Apnea and Home Monitoring Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested-PCR assay Simultaneous detection of fourteen respiratory viruses in clinical specimens by two multiplex reverse transcription nested-PCR assays Infections and coinfections by respiratory human bocavirus during eight seasons in hospitalized children A metagenomics study for the identification of respiratory viruses in mixed clinical specimens: an application of the iterative mapping approach Characterization of the nasopharyngeal viral microbiome from children with community-acquired pneumonia but negative for Luminex xTAG keywords: analysis; contigs; control; group; hts; human; infections; pathogens; reads; specimens; virus; viruses cache: cord-325611-tu1bn4hu.txt plain text: cord-325611-tu1bn4hu.txt item: #959 of 1203 id: cord-325635-don9qjpz author: Turner, Paul title: Respiratory virus surveillance in hospitalised pneumonia patients on the Thailand-Myanmar border date: 2013-09-16 words: 4306 flesch: 43 summary: key: cord-325635-don9qjpz authors: Turner, Paul; Turner, Claudia; Watthanaworawit, Wanitda; Carrara, Verena; Cicelia, Naw; Deglise, Carole; Phares, Christina; Ortega, Luis; Nosten, Francois title: Respiratory virus surveillance in hospitalised pneumonia patients on the Thailand-Myanmar border date: 2013-09-16 journal: BMC Infect Dis DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-434 sha: doc_id: 325635 cord_uid: don9qjpz BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees A community-based study of acute respiratory tract infection in Thai children Influenza pandemic plans: what about displaced populations? Committee for Coordination of Services to Displaced Persons in Thailand (CCSDPT) Influenza in refugees on the Thailand-Myanmar border WHO: Integrated management of childhood illness handbook In Pocket book of hospital care for children: guidelines for the management of common illnesses with limited resources Anonymous: BTS Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for detection of human metapneumoviruses from all known genetic lineages Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of eight respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for SARS-associated coronavirus UNHCR: Health information system Epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in Kenya RNA viruses in community-acquired childhood pneumonia in semi-urban Nepal; a cross-sectional study The etiology of pneumonia in malnourished and well-nourished Gambian children Respiratory syncytial virus infection in tropical and developing countries Incidence and severity of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in rural Kenyan children identified through hospital surveillance Viral etiology of severe pneumonia among Kenyan infants and children Clinical presentation and severity of viral community-acquired pneumonia in young Nepalese children Respiratory syncytial virus infection and disease in infants and young children observed from birth in Kilifi district Respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology in a birth cohort from Kilifi district, Kenya: infection during the first year of life High rates of pneumonia in children under two years of age in a South East Asian refugee population A high burden of respiratory syncytial virus associated pneumonia in children less than two years of age in a South East Asian refugee population The burden of influenza in East and South-East Asia: a review of the English language literature. keywords: children; episodes; influenza; patients; pneumonia; surveillance; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-325635-don9qjpz.txt plain text: cord-325635-don9qjpz.txt item: #960 of 1203 id: cord-325712-9kbnyqt3 author: Nathan, Lakshmi title: Single Virion Tracking Microscopy for the Study of Virus Entry Processes in Live Cells and Biomimetic Platforms date: 2019-07-18 words: 10241 flesch: 37 summary: In combination with a high throughput approach, these conditions (left) can be evaluated to provide new insight into virus fusion. elife 4:e11009 Stochastic fusion simulations and experiments suggest passive and active roles of hemagglutinin during membrane fusion Viral fusion efficacy of specific H3N2 influenza virus reassortant combinations at single-particle level Relating influenza virus membrane fusion kinetics to stoichiometry of neutralizing antibodies at the single-particle level Cell fusion by Semliki forest, influenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses keywords: bilayers; binding; cell; entry; fusion; imaging; influenza; lipid; membrane; microscopy; particle; proteins; receptor; surface; tracking; virion; virus; viruses cache: cord-325712-9kbnyqt3.txt plain text: cord-325712-9kbnyqt3.txt item: #961 of 1203 id: cord-325750-x7jpsnxg author: Mokili, John L title: Metagenomics and future perspectives in virus discovery date: 2012-01-20 words: 8747 flesch: 36 summary: No association of xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related viruses with prostate cancer Reliability and reproducibility issues in DNA microarray measurements Efficient isolation of genes differentially expressed on cellulose by suppression subtractive hybridization in Agaricus bisporus Virus discovery by sequenceindependent genome amplification Suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) and macroarray techniques reveal differential gene expression profiles in brain of sea bream infected with nodavirus Suppression subtractive hybridization: a versatile method for identifying differentially expressed genes Identification of herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology Identification of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent STAT1-dependent innate immunity to a Norwalk-like virus Sequence-independent, single-primer amplification (SISPA) of complex DNA populations Metagenomics and the molecular identification of novel viruses Viruses in the faecal microbiota of monozygotic twins and their mothers Hepatitis E virus (HEV): the novel agent responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis The isolation and characterization of a Norwalk virus-specific cDNA Identification of a novel astrovirus (astrovirus VA1) associated with an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis Detection of a novel astrovirus in brain tissue of mink suffering from shaking mink syndrome by use of viral metagenomics A virus discovery method incorporating DNase treatment and its application to the identification of two bovine parvovirus species Laboratory procedures to generate viral metagenomes An excellent compilation of standard operating procedures to perform metagenomic analysis on different types of samples The marine viromes of four oceanic regions Method for discovering novel DNA viruses in blood using viral particle selection and shotgun sequencing Analysis of the virus population present in equine faeces indicates the presence of hundreds of uncharacterized virus genomes Multiple diverse circoviruses infect farm animals and are commonly found in human and chimpanzee feces Bat guano virome: predominance of dietary viruses from insects and plants plus novel mammalian viruses Viral diversity and dynamics in an infant gut RNA viral community in human feces: prevalence of plant pathogenic viruses Viral communities associated with healthy and bleaching corals Metagenomic analysis of stressed coral holobionts Assembly of viral metagenomes from yellowstone hot springs Using pyrosequencing to shed light on deep mine microbial ecology Microbes and health sackler colloquium: metagenomic detection of phage-encoded platelet-binding factors in the human oral cavity Extraction of high molecular weight genomic DNA from soils and sediments Rapid amplification of plasmid and phage DNA using Phi 29 DNA polymerase and multiply-primed rolling circle amplification Assessment of whole genome amplification-induced bias through highthroughput, massively parallel whole genome sequencing Whole transcriptome amplification for gene expression profiling and development of molecular archives Single virus genomics: a new tool for virus discovery Flow cytometric detection of viruses DNA sequencing with chainterminating inhibitors Complete viral genome sequence and discovery of novel viruses by deep sequencing of small RNAs: a generic method for diagnosis, discovery and sequencing of viruses Arbovirus detection in insect vectors by rapid, highthroughput pyrosequencing Isolation and characterization of Solenopsis invicta virus 3, a new positive-strand RNA virus infecting the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta A new arenavirus in a cluster of fatal transplant-associated diseases Genomic and phylogenetic characterization of Merino Walk virus, a novel arenavirus isolated in South Africa Parallel tagged sequencing on the 454 platform Targeted high-throughput sequencing of tagged nucleic acid samples The history of pyrosequencing A new method of sequencing DNA The not so universal tree of life or the place of viruses in the living world Reasons to include viruses in the tree of life Viral genomes are part of the phylogenetic tree of life There is no such thing as a tree of life (and of course viruses are out!) In this article, we review virus discovery techniques with a focus on metagenomic approaches that employ high-throughput sequencing technologies to characterize novel viruses. keywords: analysis; approach; characterization; culture; discovery; disease; dna; human; identification; koch; metagenomic; methods; molecular; novel; samples; sequence; sequencing; virus discovery; viruses cache: cord-325750-x7jpsnxg.txt plain text: cord-325750-x7jpsnxg.txt item: #962 of 1203 id: cord-325825-0lyt8gfq author: Griffiths, Samantha J. title: A Systematic Analysis of Host Factors Reveals a Med23-Interferon-λ Regulatory Axis against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Replication date: 2013-08-08 words: 12575 flesch: 40 summary: These data suggest HSV-1 proteins preferentially target highly connected central human proteins in the cellular interaction network, similar to other viruses [23] . A direct comparison of HSV-1 protein interaction partners and the siRNA screen HFs found 215 genes in common. keywords: cells; complex; data; expression; figure; gene; herpes; hfs; host; hsv-1; human; ifn; infection; interaction; interferon; med23; media; plates; protein; replication; screen; sirna; transfection; type; virus cache: cord-325825-0lyt8gfq.txt plain text: cord-325825-0lyt8gfq.txt item: #963 of 1203 id: cord-325827-492xi3ee author: Evermann, J. F. title: Biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah date: 1988 words: 4216 flesch: 33 summary: In: Holzworth J (ed) Diseases of the cat Infection studies in kittens using feline infectious peritonitis virus propagated in cell culture An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and relationship to feline infectious peritonitis Pathogenicity studies of feline coronavirus isolates 79-1146 and 79-1683 Experimental studies with three new strains of feline infectious peritonitis virus: FIPV-UCD 2, FIPV-UCD 3 and FIPV-UCD 4 Eosinophilic ulcers in association with herpetic dermatitis in sibling cheetahs Feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infectivity Infectious disease of nondomestic cats Experimentally induced coronavirus infections in calves: viral replication in the respiratory and intestinal tracts Dietary estrogen--a probable cause of infertility and liver disease in captive cheetahs Diagnosis of porcine and bovine enteric coronavirus infections using cloned cDNA probes The mutation rate and variability of eukaryotic viruses: an analytical review Intestinal, pulmonary, and serum antibody responses of feeder pigs exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus by the oral and the oralintranasal routes of inoculation Rapid evolution of RNA viruses Experimental studies of a coronavirus and coronavirus-like agent in a barrier-maintained feine breeding colony Proteolytic cleavage of the E 2 glycoprotein of murine coronavirus: activation of cell-fusing activity of virions by trypsin and separation of two different 90K cleavage fragments Role ofT cells in feline infectious peritonitis virus infection of suckling mice Trypsin-enhanced replication of neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus in bovine embryonic lung cells Antigenic and biological diversity of feline coronaviruses: feline infectious peritonitis and feline enteritis virus Morphogenesis of a virus in cats with experimental feline infectiuos peritonitis Antibody-mediated enhancement of disease in feline infectious peritonitis: comparisons with dengue hemorrhagic fever Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis: nature and development of viremia Proteases involved in the processing of viral polyproteins Viral interference-dominance of mutant viruses over wild-type viruses in mixed infections Feline infectious peritonitis: review of gross and histopathologic lesions Lesions in the small intestine of newborn pigs inoculated with porcine, feline and canine coronaviruses Feline coronavirus. key: cord-325827-492xi3ee authors: Evermann, J. F.; Heeney, J. L.; Roelke, M. E.; McKeirnan, A. J.; O'Brien, S. J. title: Biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah date: 1988 journal: Arch Virol DOI: 10.1007/bf01310822 sha: doc_id: 325827 cord_uid: 492xi3ee keywords: cats; cell; cheetah; coronavirus; feline; fipv; infection; peritonitis; virus cache: cord-325827-492xi3ee.txt plain text: cord-325827-492xi3ee.txt item: #964 of 1203 id: cord-325830-mrtpihc7 author: Nelson, Philipp P. title: Current and Future Point-of-Care Tests for Emerging and New Respiratory Viruses and Future Perspectives date: 2020-04-29 words: 4979 flesch: 29 summary: In the last 20 years, in addition to the emergence of novel influenza and coronaviruses, advances in molecular detection methods have led to the discovery of new respiratory viruses already circulating worldwide (Jartti et al., 2012) . FDA-2014-N-0440 A previously undescribed coronavirus associated with respiratory disease in humans Aetiology: koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of respiratory viruses Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections Assay Manual GMR biosensor arrays: a system perspective Initial performance evaluation of a spotted array mobile analysis platform (MAP) for the detection of influenza A/B, RSV, and MERS coronavirus Appropriate antibiotic use for acute respiratory tract infection in adults: advice for high-value care from the american college of physicians and the centers for disease control and prevention Human metapneumovirus in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a case series and review of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach Multiplex PCR system for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis A rapid and specific assay for the detection of MERS-CoV Disposable autonomous device for swab-to-result diagnosis of influenza Estimates of global seasonal influenzaassociated respiratory mortality: a modelling study New respiratory viral infections Avian influenza a viruses: evolution and zoonotic infection An isothermal, label-free, and rapid one-step RNA amplification/detection assay for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections An electrochemical immunosensor for the corona virus associated with the middle east respiratory syndrome using an array of gold nanoparticle-modified carbon electrodes Recent advances in AIV biosensors composed of nanobio hybrid material A diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses are common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants Poly-silicon nanowire field-effect transistor for ultrasensitive and labelfree detection of pathogenic avian influenza DNA Cepheid assays Detect a Broad Range of Contemporary Human and Avian Influenza strains Diagnostics for the developing world Development and validation of a one-step real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of subtype H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses High prevalence of antibodies against polyomavirus WU, polyomavirus KI, and human bocavirus in German blood donors Respiratory viruses other than influenza virus: impact and therapeutic advances Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally, Final Report and Recommendations Human metapneumovirus: review of an important respiratory pathogen Detection of human bocavirus mRNA in respiratory secretions correlates with high viral load and concurrent diarrhea QIAstat-Dx R Respiratory Panel Instructions for Use: Version 2. keywords: care; coronavirus; detection; diagnosis; et al; human; influenza; pcr; pocts; respiratory; tests; viruses cache: cord-325830-mrtpihc7.txt plain text: cord-325830-mrtpihc7.txt item: #965 of 1203 id: cord-325875-93krp81r author: Henao-Diaz, Alexandra title: Guidelines for oral fluid-based surveillance of viral pathogens in swine date: 2020-10-19 words: 6153 flesch: 39 summary: Oral fluid samples are readily collected from groups of pigs ≥21 days of age by providing access to a suspended length of cotton rope for~30 min Freezing oral fluid samples for subsequent PRRSV antibody testing is a safe option, i.e., antibody oral fluid is highly resistant to freeze-thaw degradation, as indicated by consistent PRRSV ELISA S/ P values in samples subjected to repeated freeze-thaw cycles (unpublished data). keywords: antibody; detection; fluid; oral; pigs; porcine; prrsv; rope; samples; sampling; surveillance; swine; syndrome; virus cache: cord-325875-93krp81r.txt plain text: cord-325875-93krp81r.txt item: #966 of 1203 id: cord-325915-dw989txm author: Wolf, Michael W title: Downstream processing of cell culture-derived virus particles date: 2014-01-09 words: 11875 flesch: 28 summary: The emerging generation of chromatography tools for virus purification Outlines the advantages of monoliths as chromatography tools for virus purification Purification of cell culturederived modified vaccinia ankara virus by pseudo-affinity membrane adsorbers and hydrophobic interaction chromatography Monoliths emerge as key purification methodology Direct capture of influenza A virus from cell culture supernatant with Sartobind anion-exchange membrane adsorbers Engineering adeno-associated virus for one-step purification via immobilized metal affinity chromatography Purification of cell culture-derived influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 by membrane-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography Sulfated membrane adsorbers for economic pseudo-affinity capture of influenza virus particles Exploiting heparin-binding properties of MoMLV-based retroviral vectors for affinity chromatography Purification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from cell culture using ultrafiltration and heparin affinity chromatography Removal of poliovirus type 1 from a protein mixture using an immunoaffinity chromatography column Affinity capture of a biotinylated retrovirus on macroporous monolithic adsorbents: towards a rapid single-step purification process Concanavalin A affinity chromatography for efficient baculovirus purification Lectin-affinity chromatography for downstream processing of MDCK cell culture derived human influenza A viruses One-step selection of Vaccinia virusbinding DNA aptamers by MonoLEX Chromatographic purification of virus particles Tagging retrovirus vectors with a metal binding peptide and one-step purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography Protein adsorption dissociation constants in various types of biochromatography Large-scale processing of recombinant retroviruses for gene therapy Capture of cell culture-derived influenza virus by lectins: strain independent, but host cell dependent Development and scale up of preparative HIC for the purification of a recombinant therapeutic protein High-throughput screening of chromatographic separations: II. However, as discussed by the authors, the acidic isoelectric point of influenza virus particles (Table 2 ) may have resulted in co-precipitation of virus particles with cationic polymers [28] , and therefore product losses. keywords: adsorbers; cell; chromatography; concentration; culture; development; dna; downstream; filtration; flow; gene; influenza; membrane; methods; particles; process; processes; production; proteins; purification; surface; therapy; vaccines; vectors; virus; virus particles; viruses cache: cord-325915-dw989txm.txt plain text: cord-325915-dw989txm.txt item: #967 of 1203 id: cord-325925-010xj69x author: Mordecai, Gideon J title: Endangered wild salmon infected by newly discovered viruses date: 2019-09-03 words: 5556 flesch: 39 summary: The discovery in dead and dying farmed salmon of previously unrecognised viruses that are also widely distributed in wild salmon, emphasizes the potential role that viral disease may play in the population dynamics of wild fish stocks, and the threat that these viruses may pose to aquaculture. Together, sequencing of dead or moribund aquaculture salmon and live-sampled wild salmon, in-situ hybridization, and epidemiological surveys revealed that previously unknown viruses, some of which are associated with disease, infect wild salmon from different populations. keywords: chinook; disease; et al; farmed; figure; fish; juvenile; pacific; populations; rna; salmon; samples; sockeye; viruses; wild cache: cord-325925-010xj69x.txt plain text: cord-325925-010xj69x.txt item: #968 of 1203 id: cord-325969-9zhmmvdg author: To, Kelvin KW title: Additional molecular testing of saliva specimens improves the detection of respiratory viruses date: 2017-06-07 words: 4544 flesch: 43 summary: Although NPAs have high viral loads and remain the specimen of choice for most patients with respiratory virus infections, supplementary molecular testing of saliva can improve the clinical management of these patients. 17 However, in studies that have tested multiple specimen types, nasopharyngeal specimens have been found to be negative in some patients with respiratory virus infections. keywords: detection; influenza; npa; patients; pcr; respiratory; saliva; specimens; viruses cache: cord-325969-9zhmmvdg.txt plain text: cord-325969-9zhmmvdg.txt item: #969 of 1203 id: cord-326027-58whwspe author: Hernaez, Bruno title: Visualization of the African swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera date: 2006-06-20 words: 7955 flesch: 38 summary: African swine fever virus protein p54 interacts with the microtubular motor complex through direct binding to light-chain dynein Assembly of African swine fever virus: role of polyprotein pp220 African swine fever virus is enveloped by a two-membraned collapsed cisterna derived from the endoplasmic reticulum African swine fever virus protease, a new viral member of the SUMO-1-specific protease family Repression of African swine fever virus polyprotein pp220-encoding gene leads to the assembly of icosahedral core-less particles Electron microscopic observation of African swine fever virus development in Vero cells Characterization of African swine fever virion proteins j5R and j13L: immunolocalization in virus particles and assembly sites Design and construction of African swine fever virus chimeras incorporating foreign viral epitopes Purification and properties of African swine fever virus Vaccinia virus cores are transported on microtubules Association of African swine fever virus with the cytoskeleton The major structural protein of African swine fever virus, p73, is packaged into large structures, indicative of viral capsid or matrix precursors, on the endoplasmic reticulum African swine fever virus interaction with microtubules The preparation of orthopoxvirus DNA Two-dimensional analysis of African swine fever virus proteins and proteins induced in infected cells Tracking fluorescence-labeled rabies virus: enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged phosphoprotein P supports virus gene expression and formation of infectious particles Inducible gene expression from African swine fever virus recombinants: analysis of the major capsid protein p72 Movements of vaccinia virus intracellular enveloped virions with GFP tagged to the F13L envelope protein Microtubule-independent motility and nuclear targeting of adenoviruses with fluorescently labeled genomes Improvement of African swine fever virus neutralization assay using recombinant viruses expressing chromogenic marker genes Aggresomes resemble sites specialized for virus assembly The African swine fever virus dynein-binding protein p54 induces infected cell apoptosis Switching on and off the cell death cascade: Total cell lysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, and the kinetics of synthesis of virus proteins were assessed (Fig. 3a ). keywords: asfv; assembly; b54gfp-2; cells; egfp; et al; fever; infection; p54; particles; protein; swine; virus cache: cord-326027-58whwspe.txt plain text: cord-326027-58whwspe.txt item: #970 of 1203 id: cord-326160-mf0vh6iu author: de Wit, Emmie title: Influenza Virus A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) Replicates Efficiently in the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts of Cynomolgus Macaques date: 2014-08-12 words: 6448 flesch: 33 summary: World Health Organization Clinical findings in 111 cases of influenza A (H7N9) virus infection Clinical, virological, and histopathological manifestations of fatal human infections by avian influenza A(H7N9) virus Past, present, and possible future human infection with influenza virus A subtype H7 Avian influenza A virus (H7N7) associated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory distress syndrome Genetic analysis of novel avian A(H7N9) influenza viruses isolated from patients in China The genesis and source of the H7N9 influenza viruses causing human infections in China Genomic signature and protein sequence analysis of a novel influenza A (H7N9) virus that causes an outbreak in humans in China Pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in ferrets and mice Limited airborne transmission of H7N9 influenza In agreement with the observed abundant attachment of the H7N9 influenza A virus to the human upper and lower respiratory tracts (41) , and the replication of the H7N9 virus in ex vivo cultures of the human upper as well as lower respiratory tract (42) , H7N9 virus replicated well in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of cynomolgus macaques, as indicated by virus titers in nasal turbinates, oronasopharynges, tracheas, bronchi, and lung tissue samples, reflecting the previously described receptor distribution of influenza virus H7N9 in the macaque respiratory tract (15) . keywords: anhui/1/2013; animals; cells; cynomolgus; dpi; fig; h7n9; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; lesions; lung; macaques; virus cache: cord-326160-mf0vh6iu.txt plain text: cord-326160-mf0vh6iu.txt item: #971 of 1203 id: cord-326177-zzsaf3bl author: Khatri, Mahesh title: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in a pig model date: 2018-01-29 words: 6679 flesch: 44 summary: We examined whether MSC-EVs had the ability to enter cells using pig lung epithelial cells (MK1-OSU; LECs). biology and potential therapeutic value Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells for treatment of ARDS: a phase 1 clinical trial Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome with allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study Swine influenza H1N1 virus induces acute inflammatory immune responses in pig lungs: a potential animal model for human H1N1 influenza virus Human mesenchymal stromal cells reduce influenza A H5N1-associated acute lung injury in vitro and in vivo Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cell therapy fails to improve outcomes in experimental severe influenza Influenza causes prolonged disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier in mice unresponsive to mesenchymal stem cell therapy Mesenchymal stromal cell treatment prevents H9N2 avian influenza virus-induced acute lung injury in mice Isolation and characterization of chicken lung mesenchymal stromal cells and their susceptibility to avian influenza virus Influenza virus infects bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro: implications for bone marrow transplantation Tropism of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus to mesenchymal stem cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells Concise review: mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells: the state of transdifferentiation and modes of tissue repair-current views Mesenchymal stem cell: an efficient mass producer of exosomes for drug delivery Proteomic analysis of microvesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells Mesenchymal stem cells use extracellular vesicles to outsource mitophagy and shuttle microRNAs Human mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles for treatment of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice Role of stem cell-derived microvesicles in the paracrine action of stem cells Cellular phenotype switching and microvesicles Therapeutic effects of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived microvesicles in severe pneumonia in mice keywords: anti; cells; evs; human; influenza; lung; mesenchymal; model; msc; mscs; pigs; stem; swiv; virus cache: cord-326177-zzsaf3bl.txt plain text: cord-326177-zzsaf3bl.txt item: #972 of 1203 id: cord-326225-crtpzad7 author: Neill, John D. title: Simultaneous rapid sequencing of multiple RNA virus genomes date: 2014-06-01 words: 3807 flesch: 49 summary: These include methodologies based on PCR amplification of viral sequences, both in fragments (Rao et al., 2013) or fulllength genome amplification (Christenbury et al., 2010) . This was modified for amplification of viral sequences from serum to include a step where DNase I was used to first degrade host DNA (Allander et al., 2001) . keywords: dna; genomic; library; rna; sequences; sequencing; viruses cache: cord-326225-crtpzad7.txt plain text: cord-326225-crtpzad7.txt item: #973 of 1203 id: cord-326719-p1ma4akz author: Enjuanes, Luis title: Virus-based vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells: Coronavirus date: 2003-12-31 words: 5934 flesch: 51 summary: The coronaviruses have been classified into three groups (1, 2 and 3) based on sequence analysis of a number of coronavirus genes [1] . key: cord-326719-p1ma4akz authors: Enjuanes, Luis; Almazán, Fernando; Ortego, Javier title: Virus-based vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells: Coronavirus date: 2003-12-31 journal: New Comprehensive Biochemistry DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(03)38010-x sha: doc_id: 326719 cord_uid: p1ma4akz Publisher Summary The coronavirus and the torovirus genera form the Coronaviridae family, which is closely related to the Arteriviridae family. keywords: cdna; cells; coronavirus; expression; gene; genome; infectious; protein; rna; tgev; transcription cache: cord-326719-p1ma4akz.txt plain text: cord-326719-p1ma4akz.txt item: #974 of 1203 id: cord-326725-0jgw083h author: Klamroth, Robert title: Pathogen inactivation and removal methods for plasma‐derived clotting factor concentrates date: 2013-09-30 words: 5982 flesch: 32 summary: Studies on inactivation of HIV, HAV, and B19V by pasteurization in a FVIII/ VWF concentrate have demonstrated virus reduction factors of at least 6.4, 4.2, and at least 3.9 log, respectively. 71 Virus filtration alone resulted in virus reduction factors of at least 3.6 log, while combination of S/D, chromatography, and virus filtration yielded reduction factors of at least 5.1 log for all tested viruses. keywords: concentrates; factor; inactivation; manufacturing; plasma; products; reduction; removal; safety; transmission; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-326725-0jgw083h.txt plain text: cord-326725-0jgw083h.txt item: #975 of 1203 id: cord-326960-9phlylce author: Felberbaum, Rachael S. title: The baculovirus expression vector system: A commercial manufacturing platform for viral vaccines and gene therapy vectors date: 2015-03-20 words: 7296 flesch: 38 summary: Recombinant protein vaccines produced in insect cells Vaccines for viral and parasitic diseases produced with baculovirus vectors Commercial production in insect cells. The advantages of recombinant BEVS vaccines for pandemic influenza are especially important. keywords: baculovirus; bevs; cells; expression; gene; influenza; insect; manufacturing; platform; production; products; protein; recombinant; therapy; vaccine; virus cache: cord-326960-9phlylce.txt plain text: cord-326960-9phlylce.txt item: #976 of 1203 id: cord-327000-oyg3oyx1 author: Li, Shasha title: Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and the Host Innate Immune Response date: 2020-05-11 words: 11139 flesch: 41 summary: These cap structures enhance the initiation of translation of viral proteins, protect viral mRNAs against cellular 5 -3 -exoribonuclease and limit the recognition of viral RNA by host innate system [120, 121] . Although several studies have been performed to understand the pathogenicity of PEDV, there remains limited information about the interaction between viral proteins and host cell factors during viral infection. keywords: activity; coronavirus; cov; covs; diarrhea; epidemic; expression; host; ifn; nsp1; pedv; porcine; production; protein; replication; response; rna; sars; signaling; type; virus cache: cord-327000-oyg3oyx1.txt plain text: cord-327000-oyg3oyx1.txt item: #977 of 1203 id: cord-327013-gc6o8ou3 author: Kim, Heui Man title: Characterization of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant influenza virus isolates from immunocompromised patients in the Republic of Korea date: 2020-07-06 words: 2370 flesch: 35 summary: Influenza Other Respir Viruses Baloxavir: first global approval Incidence of antiviral drug resistance markers among human influenza a viruses in the eastern Mediterranean region Rapid identification of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance mutations in seasonal influenza virus a (H1N1), a (H1N1) 2009, and a (H3N2) subtypes by melting point analysis Summary table of neuraminidase amino acid substitutions associated with reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) Neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in influenza viruses and laboratory testing methods Prolonged shedding of multidrugresistant influenza a virus in an immunocompromised patient Development and evaluation of multiplex real-time RT-PCR assays for seasonal H1pdm09 and avian a/H5 influenza viruses detection Susceptibility of influenza a (H1N1)/pdm2009, seasonal a (H3N2) and B viruses to Oseltamivir in Guangdong Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza a viruses European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. The emergence of influenza viruses resistant to anti-influenza drugs is a threat to global public health. keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09; drug; influenza; korea; neuraminidase; patients; resistance; viruses cache: cord-327013-gc6o8ou3.txt plain text: cord-327013-gc6o8ou3.txt item: #978 of 1203 id: cord-327199-ggomuomb author: Moerdyk-Schauwecker, Megan title: Cellular Proteins Associated with the Interior and Exterior of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Virions date: 2014-08-08 words: 6429 flesch: 35 summary: mature and extracellular enveloped virions Protein composition of the vaccinia virus mature virion Identification of proteins associated with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 virions Proteomic analysis of pathogenic and attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 Proteins of purified Epstein-Barr virus Identification of proteins associated with murine cytomegalovirus virions Comprehensive characterization of extracellular herpes simplex virus type 1 virions Identification of proteins in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) particles: the HCMV proteome Virion proteins of Kaposi's sarcomaassociated herpesvirus Proteomic characterization of pseudorabies virus extracellular virions Cellular proteins in influenza virus particles Proteomics analysis unravels the functional repertoire of coronavirus nonstructural protein 3 Proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles Proteomic and biochemical analysis of purified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 produced from infected monocyte-derived macrophages Proteomic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry effectively distinguishes specific incorporated host proteins Identification of host proteins associated with retroviral vector particles by proteomic analysis of highly purified vector preparations Distinct host cell proteins incorporated by SIV replicating in CD4+ T cells from natural disease resistant versus non-natural disease susceptible hosts Protein analysis of purified respiratory syncytial virus particles reveals an important role for heat shock protein 90 in virus particle assembly Proteomic analysis of purified Newcastle disease virus particles Proteomics of the Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus budded virions Correlation between structure, protein composition, morphogenesis and cytopathology of Glossina pallidipes salivary gland hypertrophy virus Profiling of cellular proteins in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus virions by proteomics analysis Analysis of virion associated host proteins in vesicular stomatitis virus using a proteomics approach A single amino acid change in the L-polymerase protein of vesicular stomatitis virus completely abolishes viral mRNA cap methylation Recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses from DNA The lipidomes of vesicular stomatitis virus, semliki forest virus, and the host plasma membrane analyzed by quantitative shotgun mass spectrometry Specific interactions of vesicular stomatitis virus L and NS proteins with heterologous genome ribonucleoprotein template lead to mRNA synthesis in vitro Systematic characterization of nuclear proteome during apoptosis: a quantitative proteomic study by differential extraction and stable isotope labeling Empirical statistical model to estimate the accuracy of peptide identifications made by MS/MS and database search Code developments to improve the efficiency of automated MS/MS spectra interpretation Mining genomes: correlating tandem mass spectra of modified and unmodified peptides to sequences in nucleotide databases Future prospects for the analysis of complex biological systems using micro-column liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists Biophysical studies of vesicular stomatitis virus Structural domains of vesicular stomatitis virus. Here we aimed to determine the localization of host proteins within the VSV virions by analyzing: i) whole VSV virions; and ii) whole VSV virions treated with Proteinase K to remove all proteins outside the viral envelope. keywords: analysis; budding; cell; host; human; prok; proteins; rnp; stomatitis; type; virions; virus; viruses; vsv cache: cord-327199-ggomuomb.txt plain text: cord-327199-ggomuomb.txt item: #979 of 1203 id: cord-327392-9psblokc author: Srivastava, A.K. title: Potential of Graphene-based Materials to Combat COVID-19: Properties, Perspectives and Prospects date: 2020-10-21 words: 4056 flesch: 51 summary: [15] have emphasized over the various modes of interactions among graphene materials and different virions that can helps in blocking or destroying the viruses. Authors also briefed over the plausible role of the graphene textiles and filters in controlling the epidemiological spread of COVID-19 and implications of graphene materials for development of environmental sensors. keywords: biosensors; cov-2; covid-19; detection; graphene; materials; piezoelectric; properties; sars; virus cache: cord-327392-9psblokc.txt plain text: cord-327392-9psblokc.txt item: #980 of 1203 id: cord-327660-p1b07b4t author: Wolf, Yuri I. title: Origins and Evolution of the Global RNA Virome date: 2018-11-27 words: 13936 flesch: 36 summary: The only universal gene among RNA viruses is the gene encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The prospects of substantial progress appeared dim because of the extreme sequence divergence among RNA viruses, which could amount to irrevocable loss of evolutionary information. keywords: analysis; branch; branches; dsrna; evolution; fig; gene; genomes; groups; like; members; protein; rdrp; rna; rna viruses; sjr; supergroup; tree; viruses; ϩrna; ϩrna viruses; ϫrna cache: cord-327660-p1b07b4t.txt plain text: cord-327660-p1b07b4t.txt item: #981 of 1203 id: cord-327777-pg98zc6o author: Delogu, Mauro title: Eco-Virological Preliminary Study of Potentially Emerging Pathogens in Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) Recovered at a Wildlife Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Northern Italy date: 2020-03-01 words: 3200 flesch: 43 summary: The CoV RdRp gene sequences obtained from Italian hedgehogs (E. europaeus species) were compared with those originated from hedgehogs (including E. europaeus and E. amurensis sequences), bats, humans and camels. What We Know so Far! Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: A systematic review and data synthesis Arctic lineage-canine distemper virus as a cause of death in Apennine wolves (Canis lupus) in Italy Canine Distemper Virus as an Emerging Multihost Pathogen in Wild Carnivores in Northwest Italy Paramyxoviruses of the morbilli group in the wild hedgehog keywords: areas; disease; erinaceus; europaeus; hedgehogs; infection; species; virus; wild cache: cord-327777-pg98zc6o.txt plain text: cord-327777-pg98zc6o.txt item: #982 of 1203 id: cord-327855-txryqil7 author: Kulka, M. title: The cytopathic 18f strain of Hepatitis A virus induces RNA degradation in FrhK4 cells date: 2003 words: 8717 flesch: 43 summary: Degradation of rRNA has not been reported previously in HAV infected cells, therefore, the rRNA origin of the observed degradation The probe for 18S RNA was a 1.2 kb fragment of the mouse 18S The parental HM175/clone 1 virus (clone 1), also used in the present study, produced no changes in cell morphology after several months of continuous culture of infected cells, although viral antigens could be detected by EIA after four weeks of weekly subculture following the initial infection. keywords: 18f; apoptosis; cells; clone; degradation; fig; frhk4; hav; hepatitis; infected; infection; protein; replication; rna; rrna; virus cache: cord-327855-txryqil7.txt plain text: cord-327855-txryqil7.txt item: #983 of 1203 id: cord-327883-s9nbr5y8 author: None title: Section Virology date: 1990-03-31 words: 10597 flesch: 45 summary: Inst. of Virology, Univ., D-6300 Giessen A highly purified nucleoprotein (NP) preparation from influenza virus infected cells yielded in addition to the commonly known 56 kd protein a 42 kd component which could not be detected in virus particles. The biological activity of the clone was confirmed by a variety of criteria: induction of characteristic CPE in susceptible cells infected with cell-free supernatant from cultures transfected with pHSRV; indirect immunofluorescence; radioimmunoprecipitation of viral proteins and electron microscopy. keywords: antibodies; antibody; antigen; binding; cells; dna; ebv; expression; gene; hcmv; hepatitis; hsv; human; infection; patients; positive; protein; region; results; sequences; sera; specific; virus; viruses cache: cord-327883-s9nbr5y8.txt plain text: cord-327883-s9nbr5y8.txt item: #984 of 1203 id: cord-328252-dk54w8z9 author: Kikkert, Marjolein title: Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses date: 2019-10-14 words: 11567 flesch: 34 summary: Although the exact mechanism of inhibition is still not clear for several of the viruses inhibited by Mx proteins, Mx GTPase family members bind to intracellular membranes, and in cytosolic +RNA virus infections Mx proteins could target the ROs As discussed in the beginning of this review, the type I IFN antiviral pathway is very relevant for RNA virus infections, and an essential adaptor that enables downstream signaling in this pathway is IPS-1 (also called MAVS). keywords: cells; cov; evasion; formation; host; immune; immunity; infection; influenza; innate; protein; replication; respiratory; responses; rna; role; stress; translation; viruses cache: cord-328252-dk54w8z9.txt plain text: cord-328252-dk54w8z9.txt item: #985 of 1203 id: cord-328621-3jda0k2u author: Laporte, Manon title: Airway proteases: an emerging drug target for influenza and other respiratory virus infections date: 2017-04-14 words: 4317 flesch: 28 summary: The authors observed marked subtype Matriptase proteolytically activates influenza virus and promotes multicycle replication in the human airway epithelium Matriptase, HAT, and TMPRSS2 activate the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza A viruses Cleavage activation of the human-adapted influenza virus subtypes by matriptase reveals both subtype and strain specificities DESC1 and MSPL activate influenza A viruses and emerging coronaviruses for host cell entry Matriptase/MT-SP1 is required for postnatal survival, epidermal barrier function, hair follicle development, and thymic homeostasis Mini-plasmin found in the epithelial cells of bronchioles triggers infection by broadspectrum influenza A viruses and Sendai virus Glycosylation of neuraminidase determines the neurovirulence of influenza A/ WSN/33 virus Cleavage activation of humanadapted influenza virus subtypes by kallikrein-related peptidases 5 and 12 Hemagglutinin activating host cell proteases provide promising drug targets for the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections TMPRSS2 independency for haemagglutinin cleavage in vivo differentiates influenza B virus from influenza A virus Endogenous protease-dependent replication of human influenza viruses in two MDCK cell lines Heterogeneity of the MDCK cell line and its applicability for influenza virus research Catalytic domain structures of MT-SP1/matriptase, a matrix-degrading transmembrane serine proteinase Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of DESC1, a new member of the type II transmembrane serine proteinase family Structures and specificity of the human kallikrein-related peptidases KLK 4, 5, 6, and 7 Cleavage specificity analysis of six type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) using PICS with proteome-derived peptide libraries Aprotinin and similar protease inhibitors as drugs against influenza Evaluation of anti-influenza effects of camostat in mice infected with non-adapted human influenza viruses Identification of the first synthetic inhibitors of the type II transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 suitable for inhibition of influenza virus activation Development of substrate analogue inhibitors for the human airway trypsin-like protease HAT Active site conformational changes of prostasin provide a new mechanism of protease regulation by divalent cations Design and synthesis of potent, selective inhibitors of matriptase Allosteric regulation of proteases Allostery in trypsin-like proteases suggests new therapeutic strategies The androgen-regulated protease TMPRSS2 activates a proteolytic cascade involving components of the tumor microenvironment and promotes prostate cancer metastasis Cleavage of influenza A virus hemagglutinin in human respiratory epithelium is cell associated and sensitive to exogenous antiproteases Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin by airway proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT differs in subcellular localization and susceptibility to protease inhibitors Cellular networks involved in the influenza virus life cycle Expression and genetic loss of function analysis of the HAT/ DESC cluster proteases TMPRSS11A and HAT Phenotypic analysis of mice lacking the Tmprss2-encoded protease Efficient multiplication of human metapneumovirus in Vero cells expressing the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS2 TMPRSS2 is an activating protease for respiratory parainfluenza viruses Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the SARS-coronavirus spike-protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 Clinical isolates of human coronavirus 229E bypass the endosome for cell entry TMPRSS2 activates the human coronavirus 229E for cathepsin-independent host cell entry and is expressed in viral target cells in the respiratory epithelium Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry MDCK cells that express proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT provide a cell system to propagate influenza viruses in the absence of trypsin and to study cleavage of HA and its inhibition Inhibition of influenza virus infection in human airway cell cultures by an antisense peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomer targeting the hemagglutinin-activating protease TMPRSS2 Influenza and SARS-coronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts Cleavage and activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by human airway trypsinlike protease TMPRSS13 deficiency impairs stratum corneum formation and epidermal barrier acquisition Isolation and characterization of a novel trypsinlike protease found in rat bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells. WHO Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium Bö ttcher-Friebertshä user E: Influenza virus activating host proteases: identification, localization and inhibitors as potential therapeutics Comprehensive review on influenza-activating host proteases, describing in detail the biochemical, cell biological as well as antiviral aspects Kü hl A, Pö hlmann S: Novel insights into proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin keywords: airway; cell; cleavage; human; influenza; inhibitors; proteases; serine; tmprss2; virus; viruses cache: cord-328621-3jda0k2u.txt plain text: cord-328621-3jda0k2u.txt item: #986 of 1203 id: cord-328753-qwdxgk4z author: Lafaye, Pierre title: Use of camel single-domain antibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of zoonotic diseases date: 2018-09-25 words: 4626 flesch: 37 summary: Expression of anti human IL-4 and IL-6 scFvs in transgenic tobacco plants Antibody repertoire development in cartilaginous fish Medicine and Surgery of South American Camelids Dromedary IgG: purification, characterization and quantitation in sera of dams and new-borns The isolation and characterization of camel (Camelus dromedarius) immunoglobulin classes and subclasses Naturally occurring antibodies devoid of light chains Selection and identification of single domain antibody fragments from camel heavy-chain antibodies Nanobodies: natural single-domain antibodies Functional heavy-chain antibodies in Camelidae Selection of similar single domain antibodies from two immune VHH libraries obtained from two alpacas by using different selection methods Single domain antibodies: promising experimental and therapeutic tools in infection and immunity Single domain camel antibodies: current status Efficient tumor targeting by singledomain antibody fragments of camels novel promiscuous class of camelid single-domain antibody contributes to the antigen-binding repertoire Properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments Isolation and characterization of a thermally stable recombinant anti-caffeine heavy-chain antibody fragment Antigen specificity and high affinity binding provided by one single loop of a camel single-domain antibody Experimental therapy of African trypanosomiasis with a nanobody-conjugated human trypanolytic factor Camelid heavy-chain variable domains provide efficient combining sites to haptens Crystal structure of a camel single-domain VH antibody fragment in complex with lysozyme Single-domain antibodies recognize selectively small oligomeric forms of amyloid β, prevent Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and inhibit fibril formation Single domain antibodies as blood-brain barrier delivery vectors Llama VHH antibody fragments against GFAP: better diffusion in fixed tissues than classical monoclonal antibodies Cell-penetrating anti-GFAP VHH and corresponding fluorescent fusion protein VHH-GFP spontaneously cross the blood-brain barrier and specifically recognize astrocytes: application to brain imaging Camelid single-domain antibodies: a versatile tool for in vivo imaging of extracellular and intracellular brain targets Chemically-defined camelid antibody bioconjugate for the magnetic resonance imaging of Alzheimer's disease Sortagging: a versatile method for protein labeling Sortase A-mediated sitespecific labeling of camelid single-domain antibody-fragments: a versatile strategy for multiple molecular imaging modalities Site-specific labeling of cysteine-tagged camelid single-domain antibody-fragments for use in molecular imaging Under the Microscope: A single VHH-based toxin-neutralizing agent and an effector antibody protect mice against challenge with Shiga toxins 1 and 2 The molecular mechanism of Shiga toxin Stx2e neutralization by a single-domain antibody targeting the cell receptor-binding domain Listeria-review of epidemiology and pathogenesis Structural basis of VHH-mediated neutralization of the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes High affinity anti-Internalin B VHH antibody fragments isolated from naturally and artificially immunized repertoires Identification and characterization of species-specific nanobodies for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk Thawing of permafrost may disturb historic cattle burial grounds in East Siberia Responding to the threat of bioterrorism: a microbial ecology perspective-the case of anthrax Functional analysis of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies A heterodimer of a VHH (variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only) antibody that inhibits anthrax toxin cell binding linked to a VHH antibody that blocks oligomer formation is highly protective in an anthrax spore challenge model A diverse set of single-domain antibodies (VHHs) against the Anthrax toxin lethal and edema factors provides a basis for construction of a bispecific agent that protects against Anthrax infection Adenoviral expression of a bispecific VHH-Based neutralizing agent that targets protective antigen provides prophylactic protection from Anthrax in mice Neurocysticercosis: a major cause of neurological disease worldwide Immunodiagnostic tools for human and porcine cysticercosis Nanobodies, a promising tool for speciesspecific diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis Beyond Tsetse-implications for research and control of human African Trypanosomiasis epidemics Nanobodies as tools to understand, diagnose, and treat African Trypanosomiasis Efficient targeting of conserved cryptic epitopes of infectious agents by single domain antibodies. keywords: antibodies; antibody; camelid; chain; disease; domain; fragments; human; influenza; rabies; specific; vhhs; virus cache: cord-328753-qwdxgk4z.txt plain text: cord-328753-qwdxgk4z.txt item: #987 of 1203 id: cord-329050-vzsy6xw1 author: Nabi, Ghulam title: Bats and birds as viral reservoirs: A physiological and ecological perspective date: 2020-09-22 words: 5063 flesch: 33 summary: Such migrations allow bat viruses, such as CoVs, the rabies virus, the Hendra, and Nipah viruses, to spread over long distances (Calisher et al., 2006) . This coexistence could allow the mixing of bats and birds viruses for the generation of recombinant, novel mutant, or reassortment of RNA viruses Perrella et al., 2020) . keywords: avian; bats; birds; et al; evolution; flight; humans; influenza; mammals; size; species; viruses; wild cache: cord-329050-vzsy6xw1.txt plain text: cord-329050-vzsy6xw1.txt item: #988 of 1203 id: cord-329078-gnnis7pl author: Musella, Simona title: Identification of an indol-based derivative as potent and selective varicella zoster virus (VZV) inhibitor date: 2016-11-29 words: 3963 flesch: 40 summary: The compounds were evaluated against different herpes viruses, including varicella-zoster virus (VZV) strains Oka and YS, TK À VZV strains 07-1 and YS-R, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain KOS, thymidine kinase-deficient (TK À ) Finally, a series of 4-benzyloxy-g-sultone derivatives has been also reported as non-selective VZV inhibitors with unknown mechanism of action [28] . keywords: activity; compounds; derivatives; herpes; varicella; virus; vzv; yield; zoster cache: cord-329078-gnnis7pl.txt plain text: cord-329078-gnnis7pl.txt item: #989 of 1203 id: cord-329145-424vv8a8 author: Kuhn, Jens H. title: Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for natural variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae date: 2012-09-23 words: 5522 flesch: 35 summary: [30] by introducing virus names distinct from species names We suggest using the following medium-length designation for virus names in figures, such as phylograms, sequence alignments or diagrams: GenBank records are indexed with regard to taxonomy, and each record must be associated with the 'organism' field. keywords: classification; filovirus; genomic; information; isolate; names; nomenclature; sequence; species; variant; virus; viruses cache: cord-329145-424vv8a8.txt plain text: cord-329145-424vv8a8.txt item: #990 of 1203 id: cord-329429-ur8g68vp author: Miłek, Justyna title: Coronaviruses in Avian Species – Review with Focus on Epidemiology and Diagnosis in Wild Birds date: 2018-12-10 words: 3814 flesch: 40 summary: Emerg Infect Dis Emergence of a group 3 coronavirus through recombination Molecular identification and characterization of novel coronaviruses infecting graylag geese (Anser anser), feral pigeons (Columbia livia) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) Identification of avian coronavirus in wild aquatic birds of the Central and Eastern USA Surveillance of avian coronaviruses in wild bird populations of Korea Novel avian coronavirus and fulminating disease in guinea fowl Diverse gammacoronaviruses detected in wild birds from Madagascar First characterization of a Middle-East GI-23 lineage (Var2-like) of infectious bronchitis virus in Europe Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus from domestic peafowl (Pavo cristatus) and teal (Anas) Retrospective testing and case series study of porcine delta coronavirus in US swine herds Identification of a novel coronavirus from a beluga whale by using a panviral microarray Broadly targeted multiprobe QPCR for detection of coronaviruses: coronavirus is common among mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) Prevalence and phylogeny of coronaviruses in wild birds from the Bering Strait area (Beringia) Birds, migration and emerging zoonoses: West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, influenza A, and enteropathogens Reverse spillover of avian viral vaccine strains from domesticated poultry to wild birds Phylogenetic analysis of a highly conserved region of the polymerase gene from 11 coronaviruses and development of a consensus polymerase chain reaction assay A Massachusetts prototype like coronavirus isolated from wild peafowls is pathogenic to chickens An avian coronavirus in quail withr respiratory and reproductive signs Gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus in quail Gamma and deltacoronaviruses in quail and pheasants from Northern Italy S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to harmonize virus classification A case for the ancient origin of coronaviruses The avian coronavirus spike protein Novel receptor specificity of avian gammacoronaviruses that cause enteritis Temporal dynamics, diversity, and interplay in three components of the virodiversity of a Mallard population: influenza A virus, avian paramyxovirus and avian coronavirus High prevalence and putative lineage maintenance of avian coronaviruses in Scandinavian waterfowl Urbanization and the dynamics of RNA viruses in Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) Coronavirus diversity, phylogeny and interspecies jumping Comparative analysis of complete genome sequences of three avian coronaviruses reveals a novel group 3c coronavirus Characterization and complete genome sequence of a novel coronavirus, coronavirus HKU1, from patients with pneumonia Comparative analysis of complete genome sequences of three avian coronaviruses reveals a novel group 3c coronavirus Discovery of seven novel mammalian and avian coronaviruses in the genus deltacoronavirus supports bat coronaviruses as the gene source of alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus and avian coronaviruses as the gene source of gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus Genomic analysis and surveillance of the coronavirus dominant in ducks in China Moreover, CoVs other than IBVs, are identified in wild birds, which suggests that wild birds play a key role in the epidemiology of other gammaCoVs and deltaCoVs. keywords: avian; birds; coronaviruses; covs; gene; genome; ibv; novel; species; strains cache: cord-329429-ur8g68vp.txt plain text: cord-329429-ur8g68vp.txt item: #991 of 1203 id: cord-329493-ueqlhgn0 author: Stadler, Konrad title: SARS — beginning to understand a new virus date: 2003 words: 5153 flesch: 43 summary: Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Acute respiratory syndrome in China Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome A Nnvel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China SARS in China: tracking the roots of a killer Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore Virus Taxonomy The genome sequence of the SARSassociated coronavirus References 17 and 18 are the first reports of the complete genome sequences of two SARS-CoV isolates (TOR2 and Urbani strains, respectively) The complete genome sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain HKU-39849 (HK-39) Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression The complete genome sequence of a SARS-CoV isolate (FRA) and experimental data on its key RNA elements and protein functions are described. Their efficacy still needs to be shown, but our laboratory (and possibly others) are in the process of testing vaccines on the basis of inactivated SARS virus in pre-clinical models. keywords: coronavirus; cov; domain; genome; group; protein; rna; sars; sequence; spike; syndrome; virus cache: cord-329493-ueqlhgn0.txt plain text: cord-329493-ueqlhgn0.txt item: #992 of 1203 id: cord-329527-0rlotyz3 author: Bohmwald, Karen title: Neurologic Alterations Due to Respiratory Virus Infections date: 2018-10-26 words: 11066 flesch: 38 summary: Besides respiratory tract infections, these viruses have been associated with neurological clinical manifestations in patients with a severe occurrence of the respiratory disease (Antonucci and Fanos, 2005; Akins et al., 2010; Antonucci et al., 2010; Desforges et al., 2014a; Fok et al., 2015; Algahtani et al., 2016) . Commonly, the invasion of the central nervous system (CNS) and the subsequent pathology have been more studied in infection caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), measles virus (MV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among others (Koyuncu et al., 2013) . keywords: brain; cells; cns; csf; detection; encephalitis; et al; hmpv; hrsv; human; infection; influenza; mice; patients; respiratory; viral; virus; viruses; year cache: cord-329527-0rlotyz3.txt plain text: cord-329527-0rlotyz3.txt item: #993 of 1203 id: cord-329857-pcsuu597 author: Chan, Kuan Rong title: Fc receptors and their influence on efficacy of therapeutic antibodies for treatment of viral diseases date: 2015-11-02 words: 5871 flesch: 24 summary: An improved understanding of these processes would allow identification of predictive factors to better assess the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and facilitate development of engineered therapeutic antibodies with improved efficacy. key: cord-329857-pcsuu597 authors: Chan, Kuan Rong; Ong, Eugenia Z; Mok, Darren ZL; Ooi, Eng Eong title: Fc receptors and their influence on efficacy of therapeutic antibodies for treatment of viral diseases date: 2015-11-02 journal: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1079127 sha: doc_id: 329857 cord_uid: pcsuu597 keywords: antibodies; antibody; binding; cells; effector; efficacy; fcgrs; functions; receptor; virus; viruses cache: cord-329857-pcsuu597.txt plain text: cord-329857-pcsuu597.txt item: #994 of 1203 id: cord-329902-db7hl770 author: Li, Desheng title: Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Infection in Giant Pandas, China date: 2014-03-17 words: 1385 flesch: 33 summary: This finding extends the host range of influenza viruses and indicates a need for increased surveillance for and control of influenza viruses among giant pandas. This finding extends the host range of influenza viruses and indicates a need for increased surveillance for and control of influenza viruses among giant pandas. keywords: giant; influenza; pandas; virus cache: cord-329902-db7hl770.txt plain text: cord-329902-db7hl770.txt item: #995 of 1203 id: cord-330131-yfhrmbvx author: Danchin, Antoine title: Cytosine drives evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-04-27 words: 5338 flesch: 31 summary: As parasites, viruses-especially those with small genomes, such as RNA viruses-do not generally code for functions that result in the construction of metabolic pathways. Viruses tap into the cell's resources, and this original setup of intermediary metabolism creates an intracellular chemical pressure that must constrain the evolution of the genome sequence of RNA viruses, in particular SARS-CoV-2. keywords: antiviral; cell; ctp; cytosine; et al; evolution; genome; growth; metabolism; rna; sars; viral; virus cache: cord-330131-yfhrmbvx.txt plain text: cord-330131-yfhrmbvx.txt item: #996 of 1203 id: cord-330296-706hf4qw author: Romette, J. L. title: The European Virus Archive goes global: A growing resource for research date: 2018-10-31 words: 6300 flesch: 33 summary: The approach to Quality Management is directed by the project's own Quality Standard, based upon Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines, and critically focusses on the acquisition, characterisation and storage of virus products. The current project aims at the development of virus collections in low-income countries where, in some cases, there has been an understandable reluctance to exchange viruses for fear of losing their resource to institutes from more highly developed countries. keywords: access; collections; consortium; countries; end; european; evag; health; laboratories; partners; products; quality; research; viruses cache: cord-330296-706hf4qw.txt plain text: cord-330296-706hf4qw.txt item: #997 of 1203 id: cord-330508-uilejxmi author: van den Hoogen, Bernadette title: Immunometabolism pathways as the basis for innovative anti-viral strategies (INITIATE): A Marie Sklodowska-Curie innovative training network date: 2020-07-28 words: 1782 flesch: 22 summary: The research program is divided into 3 work packages (Figure 2 The objective of WP1 is to obtain in-depth knowledge of the roles of different organelles and signaling complexes (such as mitochondria, signalosomes, stress granules, replication organelles) in modulation of immune-and metabolic pathways in response to RNA virus infections, including influenza virus, pneumoviruses and coronaviruses. In WP3, innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, hepatocytes, dendritic cells and in vivo animal models relevant for RNA virus infection will be used to investigate the regulatory interface between immune and metabolic pathways on antiviral immunity. keywords: immune; initiate; pathways; research; virus cache: cord-330508-uilejxmi.txt plain text: cord-330508-uilejxmi.txt item: #998 of 1203 id: cord-330647-w1bpeqzg author: Wong, Samson Sai-Yin title: Ebola virus disease in nonendemic countries date: 2015-05-31 words: 8638 flesch: 32 summary: Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo Seasonal pulses of Marburg virus circulation in juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus bats coincide with periods of increased risk of human infection Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo Replication, pathogenicity, shedding, and transmission of Zaïre ebolavirus in pigs Review of Ebola virus infections in domestic animals Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and evaluation Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts Ebola virus disease in southern Sudan: hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites Emergence of Zaïre Ebola virus disease in Guinea Clinical manifestations and case management of Ebola haemorrhagic fever caused by a newly identified virus strain Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to nonhuman primates Evaluation of transmission risks associated with in vivo replication of several high containment pathogens in a biosafety level 4 laboratory Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 1995: risk factors for patients without a reported exposure World Health Organization. a compendium of 40 years of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies ELISA for the detection of antibodies to Ebola viruses Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of filovirus species-specific antibodies Development of an immunofiltrationbased antigen-detection assay for rapid diagnosis of Ebola virus infection Enzyme immunosorbent assay for Ebola virus antigens in tissues of infected primates Rapid and simple detection of Ebola virus by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification Development and evaluation of a simple assay for Marburg virus detection using a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification method Comprehensive multiplex one-step real-time TaqMan qRT-PCR assays for detection and quantification of hemorrhagic fever viruses Simultaneous detection of CDC category A DNA and RNA bioterrorism agents by use of multiplex PCR & RT-PCR enzyme hybridization assays Detection of Ebola virus in oral fluid specimens during outbreaks of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of Congo Detection and molecular characterization of Ebola viruses causing disease in human and nonhuman primates Laboratory diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever during an outbreak in Yambio, Sudan Clinical management of filovirus-infected patients Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor: a study in rhesus monkeys Interferon-beta therapy prolongs survival in rhesus macaque models of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever with blood transfusions from convalescent patients. keywords: antibodies; countries; days; disease; ebola; ebola virus; ebov; evd; fever; fhf; health; hemorrhagic; infection; laboratory; marburg; outbreak; patients; primates; transmission; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-330647-w1bpeqzg.txt plain text: cord-330647-w1bpeqzg.txt item: #999 of 1203 id: cord-330827-gu2mt6zp author: Shanmugaraj, Balamurugan title: Emergence of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Need for Rapid Vaccine and Biologics Development date: 2020-02-22 words: 3748 flesch: 32 summary: [60] [61] , the monoclonal antibodies that are identified and tested to be effective against SARS virus protein or specific to ACE2 can be produced in plants and shall be tested for its efficacy against nCoV. Earlier reports showed several vaccines and monoclonal antibody candidates in response to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which could be tested and used for passive immunotherapy for an immediate immune response [62] [63] Currently, plant expression system offers many advantages over other conventional systems that have the potential to tackle the production of vaccine candidates rapidly at affordable cost facilitating the global vaccination programs, especially in resource-poor nations where the vaccines are needed most [15] . keywords: cases; china; coronavirus; expression; human; infection; ncov; plant; production; virus cache: cord-330827-gu2mt6zp.txt plain text: cord-330827-gu2mt6zp.txt item: #1000 of 1203 id: cord-330852-n7j0c4ne author: Fischer, Wolfgang B. title: Mechanism of Function of Viral Channel Proteins and Implications for Drug Development date: 2012-02-23 words: 23723 flesch: 45 summary: An increasing number of proteins are identified as channel proteins, but the precise role in the viral life cycle is yet unknown for the majority of them. The question emerges why the virus needs three channels while all other channel expressing viruses known to date proteins only need one type of channel protein. keywords: activity; amantadine; amino; assembly; channel; channel activity; channel protein; data; domain; drug; et al; function; helix; host; influenza; ion; ion channel; lipid; mechanism; membrane; membrane protein; nmr; peptide; pore; protein; proton; residues; state; structure; studies; tmd; tmds; virus; virus protein; vpu; vpu protein cache: cord-330852-n7j0c4ne.txt plain text: cord-330852-n7j0c4ne.txt item: #1001 of 1203 id: cord-331020-lyxje82u author: M. Najimudeen, Shahnas title: Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Infection in Chickens: Multiple System Disease with Immune Suppression date: 2020-09-24 words: 6968 flesch: 31 summary: Viruses Antigenic and Pathogenic Characteristics of QX-Type Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains Isolated in Southwestern China Molecular characterization of pathogenic 4/91-like and QX-like infectious bronchitis virus infecting commercial poultry farms in Indonesia Recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus Beaudette with the spike protein gene of the pathogenic M41 strain remains attenuated but induces protective immunity Development and characterization of a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus expressing the ectodomain region of S1 gene of H120 strain Heparan Sulfate Is a Selective Attachment Factor for the Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Sialic acid is a receptor determinant for infection of cells by avian Infectious bronchitis virus Binding of avian coronavirus spike proteins to host factors reflects virus tropism and pathogenicity Glycosylation of the viral attachment protein of avian coronavirus is essential for host cell and receptor binding The pathogenesis of nephritis in chickens induced by infectious bronchitis virus Pathogenesis of Oviduct Lesions in Immature Chickens Following Exposure to Infectious Bronchitis Virus at One Day Old A 'new' strain of infectious bronchitis virus infecting domestic fowl in Great Britain Immunopathogenesis of infection in SPF chicks and commercial broiler chickens of a variant infectious bronchitis virus of economic importance Infectious bronchitis Nephropathogenicity of infectious bronchitis virus The etiology of uraemia of chickens Infectious avian nephrosis (uraemia) in Australia Isolation of avian infectious bronchitis virus from experimentally infected chickens In vitro characterization and pathogenesis of Egypt/Beni-Suef/01; a novel genotype of infectious bronchitis virus Establishment of Persistent Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection in Antibody-Free and Antibody-Positive Chickens Avian infectious bronchitis: Viral persistence in the harderian gland and histological changes after eyedrop vaccination Pathogenicity of a TW-Like Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Evaluation of the Protection Induced against It by a QX-Like Strain Comparison of the susceptibility to avian infectious bronchitis virus infection of two inbred lines of white leghorn chickens Electron microscope observations on the entry of avian infectious bronchitis virus into susceptible cells Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of renal lesions due to infectious bronchitis virus in chicks Detection of viral antigen following exposure of one-day-old chickens to the Holland 52 strain of infectious bronchitis virus Isolation of 4/91 Type of Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a New Variant in Japan and Efficacy of Vaccination Against 4/91 Type Field Isolate Productive replication of nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus in peripheral blood monocytic cells, a strategy for viral dissemination and kidney infection in chickens Tissue Tropism of Three Cloacal Isolates and Massachusetts Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Pathogenesis and tissue distribution of avian infectious bronchitis virus isolate IRFIBV32 Experiences of vaccination against avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus The Effect of Infectious Bronchitis Virus on Chickens Infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum Synergism between avian infectious bronchitis virus and Haemophilus gallinarum Effect of in ovo bursectomy on the course of an infectious bronchitis virus infection in line C White Leghorn chickens Cytotoxic T cells are critical in the control of infectious bronchitis virus in poultry Specific antibody secreting cells from chickens can be detected by three days and memory B cells by three weeks post-infection with the avian respiratory coronavirus Memory T cells protect chicks from acute infectious bronchitis virus infection Infectious Bronchitis Virus Immune Responses in the Harderian Gland upon Initial Vaccination Cellular, and Humoral Immune Responses Induced by Different Live Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccination Regimes and Protection Conferred against Infectious Bronchitis Virus Q1 Strain Disease of Poultry Infectious bronchitis Maternal antibody to infectious bronchitis virus: Its role in protection against infection and development of active immunity to vaccine Infectious bronchitis in laying hens: Interference with response to emulsion vaccine by attenuated live vaccine Studies with a bivalent infectious bronchitis killed virus vaccine Development and use of the H strain of avian infectious bronchitis virus from the Netherlands as a vaccine: A review Pathogenicity of a QX strain of infectious bronchitis virus in specific pathogen free and commercial broiler chickens, and evaluation of protection induced by a vaccination programme based on the Ma5 and 4/91 serotypes Characterization of a novel live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus vaccine candidate derived from a Korean nephropathogenic strain Safety and efficacy of an infectious bronchitis virus used for chicken embryo vaccination Infectious bronchitis Breadth of protection of the respiratory tract provided by different live-attenuated infectious bronchitis vaccines against challenge with infectious bronchitis viruses of heterologous serotypes Isolation and identification of four infectious bronchitis virus strains in China and analyses of their S1 glycoprotein gene Genetic Analysis of the S1 Gene of 4/91 Type Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolated in Japan Transmissibility of Infectious Bronchitis Virus H120 Vaccine Strain among Broilers under Experimental Conditions Molecular epizootiology of infectious bronchitis virus in Sweden indicating the involvement of a vaccine strain Ion channel activity of influenza A virus M2 protein: Characterization of the amantadine block Genetic mutations in live infectious bronchitis vaccine viruses following single or dual in vitro infection of tracheal organ cultures Different evolutionary trajectories of vaccine-controlled and non-controlled avian infectious bronchitis viruses in commercial poultry Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis attenuated live vaccines undergo selection of subpopulations and mutations following vaccination Hatchery Vaccination Against Poultry Viral Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Limitations Genotyping of infectious bronchitis viruses identified in Canada between Vaccine efficacy against Ontario isolates of infectious bronchitis virus Using phylogenetic analysis to examine the changing strains of infectious bronchitis virus infections in Ontario over time Vaccination against infectious bronchitis virus: A continuous challenge Inactivated infectious bronchitis virus vaccine encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles induces mucosal immune responses and effective protection against challenge Etiology and immunology of infectious bronchitis virus Comparison of the pathogenicity of QX-like, M41 and 793/B infectious bronchitis strains from different pathological conditions This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license The authors declare no conflict of interest. keywords: avian; bronchitis; bronchitis virus; cells; chickens; host; ibv; infection; macrophages; response; strains; tract; vaccination; vaccines; virus cache: cord-331020-lyxje82u.txt plain text: cord-331020-lyxje82u.txt item: #1002 of 1203 id: cord-331217-uup16bhm author: Murphy, Frederick A. title: Adventitious Agents and Smallpox Vaccine in Strategic National Stockpile date: 2005-07-17 words: 2283 flesch: 38 summary: First, adventitious agent testing for viruses in vaccine virus seeds and product intermediates is complicated and might give ambiguous results. However, for old smallpox vaccine stocks, it is enough to question whether any of the infectious agents specifically cited in FDA and European Commission regulations, recommendations, and guidelines are present. keywords: agents; smallpox; stocks; testing; vaccine; viruses cache: cord-331217-uup16bhm.txt plain text: cord-331217-uup16bhm.txt item: #1003 of 1203 id: cord-331244-zaguyxm5 author: Stephenson, Iain title: Confronting the avian influenza threat: vaccine development for a potential pandemic date: 2004-07-30 words: 8206 flesch: 29 summary: Current facilities may not be suitable for rapid bulk manufacture of avian influenza virus vaccines in response to a world threat. A virus (H7N7) associated with human conjunctivitis and a fatal case of acute respiratory respiratory distress syndrome Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands Influenza A (H9N2) in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China Avian influenza H5N1 infection in humans: urgent need to eliminate the animal reservoir-update 5 Cases of influenza A (H5N1)-Thailand Avian influenza virus A (H10N7) circulating among humans in Egypt An update on avian influenza in Hong Kong in 2002 H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from geese in Southeastern China: evidence for genetic reassortment and interspecies transmission to ducks Discovery of man infected by avian influenza virus Seroprevalence of antibody to H9N2 viruses in poultry workers of Hong Kong Molecular characterization of H9N2 influenza viruses: were they the donors of the internal genes of H5N1 viruses in Hong Kong Influenza A viruses: relationship between H9N2 relationship between H9N2 and H5N1 human isolates Emergence and control of zoonotic ortho-and paramyxovirus diseases Cocirculation of avian H9N2 and human H3N2 viruses in pigs in southern China Seropidemiological evidence of avian H4, H5 and H9 influenza viruses transmission to pigs in south eastern China Characterisation of a human H9N2 influenza virus isolated in Hong Kong Molecular evolution of H6 influenza viruses from poultry in south eastern China: prevalence of H6N1 influenza viruses possessing seven A/HongKong/156/97 H5N1-like genes in poultry Transmission of Eurasian avian H2 influenza virus to shorebirds in North America Enhancement of the infectivity of influenza A and B viruses by proteolytic cleavage of the haemagglutinin polypeptide Proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus haemagglutinins: primary structure of the connecting peptide between HA1 and HA2 determines proteolytic cleavability and pathogenicity of avian influenza viruses Inhibition of interferon-mediated antiviral responses by influenza A viruses and other negative-strand RNA viruses A novel mechanism for the acquisition of virulence by a human influenza A virus A mouse model for the evaluation of pathogenesis and immunity to influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans Molecular correlates of influenza A H5N1 virus pathogenesis Biological heterogeneity, including systemic replication in mice, of H5N1 influenza A virus isolates from humans in Hong Kong Pathogenesis of avian influenza A H5N1 viruses in ferrets Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses Pathogenicity and antigenicity of a new influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from duck meat Induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza A H5N1 viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses Origin and evolution of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus heamagglutinin gene Characterisation of the 1918 Spanish influenza virus neuraminidase gene Vaccine production Antigenic drift and efficacy of influenza virus vaccines Efficacy/clinical effectiveness of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in adults Determinants of immunity to influenza infection in man Correlation between rate of infection and pre-existing titer of serum antibody as determined by single radial haemolysis during an epidemic of influenza A/Victoria/3/75 Note for guidance on harmonisation of requirements for influenza vaccines, CPMP/BWP/214/96. keywords: antibody; avian; h5n1; h9n2; haemagglutinin; hong; human; infection; influenza; pandemic; responses; strains; vaccine; viruses cache: cord-331244-zaguyxm5.txt plain text: cord-331244-zaguyxm5.txt item: #1004 of 1203 id: cord-331289-02411gfv author: Di Minno, Giovanni title: Current concepts in the prevention of pathogen transmission via blood/plasma-derived products for bleeding disorders() date: 2015-07-20 words: 8176 flesch: 34 summary: receiver operating characteristic analysis Placental transmission of human parvovirus 4 in newborns with hydrops Serodiagnosis of primary infections with human parvovirus 4, Finland Human parvovirus 4 infection Human parvovirus 4 viremia in young children Novel parvovirus and related variant in human plasma Detection of a novel DNA virus (TTV) in blood donors and blood products Validation of SYBR Green based quantification assay for the detection of human Torque Teno virus titers from plasma West Nile Virus: Detection with Serologic and Real-time PCR Assays Diagnosis of west nile virus human infections: overview and proposal of diagnostic protocols considering the results of external quality assessment studies Second international diagnostic accuracy study for the serological detection of West Nile virus infection Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections Use of PCR in the diagnosis of early syphilis in the United Kingdom Evaluation of a PCR test for detection of treponema pallidum in swabs and blood The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis Current advances in detection and treatment of babesiosis A new real-time PCR assay for improved detection of the parasite Babesia microti Multiplex assay detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies that recognize Babesia microti antigens World Health Organisation (WHO) Guidelines on viral inactivation and removal procedures intended to assure the viral safety of human blood plasma products keywords: assays; blood; detection; donors; hbv; hepatitis; human; infection; nat; pathogen; plasma; products; risk; safety; screening; transfusion; transmission; use; virus cache: cord-331289-02411gfv.txt plain text: cord-331289-02411gfv.txt item: #1005 of 1203 id: cord-331343-qzvwwca9 author: Mason, Andrew L. title: Metagenomics and the case of the deadly hamster date: 2008-06-09 words: 2839 flesch: 42 summary: On occasion, a zoonosis may become permanently resident in the human population as endemic infection, as observed with human immunodeficiency virus I and human immunodeficiency virus II derived from chim-panzees and sooty mangabeys, respectively. Depending on the location, a variable proportion (ϳ10%) of the population has serologic evidence of prior Lassa virus infection with a calculated ratio of infection to fatality of approximately 1% to 2%. keywords: collagen; donor; infection; lcmv; liver; rodent; transplant; virus; viruses cache: cord-331343-qzvwwca9.txt plain text: cord-331343-qzvwwca9.txt item: #1006 of 1203 id: cord-331584-z43ifmr3 author: Mahy, B.W.J. title: Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Vertebrates date: 2008-07-30 words: 3985 flesch: 44 summary: The threat of a new pandemic of influenza virus in the human population stresses the need for development of better methods for detection, surveillance, and control of emerging virus diseases. Many important virus diseases are spread by arthropods, and exposure to new arthropods and the viruses they carry is critical to the emergence of new virus diseases. keywords: cause; disease; example; fever; human; new; population; virus; viruses cache: cord-331584-z43ifmr3.txt plain text: cord-331584-z43ifmr3.txt item: #1007 of 1203 id: cord-331652-oc5s1if2 author: Trudeau, Michaela P. title: Comparison of Thermal and Non-Thermal Processing of Swine Feed and the Use of Selected Feed Additives on Inactivation of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) date: 2016-06-24 words: 5999 flesch: 49 summary: Feed samples were spiked with PEDV and then heated to 120–145°C for up to 30 min or irradiated at 0–50 kGy. Another set of feed samples spiked with PEDV and mixed with Ultracid P (Nutriad), Activate DA (Novus International), KEM-GEST (Kemin Agrifood), Acid Booster (Agri-Nutrition), sugar or salt was incubated at room temperature (~25°C) for up to 21 days. keywords: additives; feed; log; pedv; processing; survival; swine; temperature; virus cache: cord-331652-oc5s1if2.txt plain text: cord-331652-oc5s1if2.txt item: #1008 of 1203 id: cord-331673-xv1tcugl author: Reina, Giacomo title: Hard Nanomaterials in Time of Viral Pandemics date: 2020-07-15 words: 15723 flesch: 39 summary: Different functionalized CDs were prepared to hamper host cell viral entry. Overall, graphene materials have shown a good capacity to block host cell viral entry. keywords: activity; agents; agnps; cells; drug; effect; entry; fullerene; hiv; hnms; host; host cells; immune; infection; influenza; inhibition; interaction; mechanism; nanoparticles; replication; response; silver; surface; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-331673-xv1tcugl.txt plain text: cord-331673-xv1tcugl.txt item: #1009 of 1203 id: cord-331714-2qj2rrgd author: Lvov, Dimitry Konstantinovich title: Single-Stranded RNA Viruses date: 2015-05-29 words: 64305 flesch: 46 summary: Influenza virus A/Anas acuta/Primorie/730/76(H3N2) isolated from wild ducks in the Maritime Territory Isolation of influenza strains identical to influenza virus A/Anglia/42/72 from semisynanthropic bird species in Rovno Province, the Ukrainian SSR Human and avian viruses of the Hong Kong series Isolation of an influenza virus from a tree sparrow and the infection rate of the virus in wild birds in the mid-Dnieper Region A new avian influenza virus from feral birds in the USSR: recombination in nature? Isolation of influenza A viruses from wild migratory waterfowl in the north of Europian part of the USSR Incidence of influenza virus infection in black-headed gulls Isolation of influenza virus with the antigenic formula Hav4 Nav2 and Hav5 Transmission of infectious pneumonia and its differentiation from swine influenza Investigations on a virus pneumonia of long duration prevalent in pigs Studies on the HVJ (Hemagglutinating virus of Japan) newly isolated from the swine Multiplication and cytopathogenic effect of the hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) in swine kidney tissue culture Discussion on virus infections of the upper respiratory tract Resemblance of a strain of swine influenza virus to human A-prime strains Investigation of swine respiratory diseases in Lithuania SSR Bulletin of scientific-technical information. keywords: aedes; africa; analysis; animals; antibodies; antigenic; arboviruses; asia; avian; bats; bhanja virus; birds; borne; bunyaviridae; cases; central; characterization; chikungunya virus; circulation; clinical; common; congo; crimean; days; delta; dengue virus; different; disease; distribution; east; eastern; encephalitis virus; epidemic; eurasia; europe; european; experimental; family; far; fever virus; figure; foci; genome; genus; group; h5n1; hemorrhagic; high; hosts; human; infected; infections; influenza virus; international; isolation; ixodes; krai; moscow; mosquitoes; nairovirus; natural; new; nile virus; northern; patients; protein; rdrp; region; republic; russia; segment; siberia; similarity; southern; species; strains; table; tahyna virus; tbev; territory; ticks; ussr; uukuniemi virus; vectors; vertebrate; virus; virus circulation; virus group; virus infection; virus isolation; virus strains; virus taxonomy; viruses; volga; western; wild; wnv cache: cord-331714-2qj2rrgd.txt plain text: cord-331714-2qj2rrgd.txt item: #1010 of 1203 id: cord-331739-y1d0leic author: Kempf, Christoph title: Pathogen inactivation and removal procedures used in the production of intravenous immunoglobulins date: 2007-03-31 words: 5091 flesch: 38 summary: Therefore, virus inactivation at low pH may result from denaturation, and degradation if pepsin is present, of membraneassociated glycoproteins of enveloped viruses or capsid proteins of non-enveloped viruses. [20] reported virus inactivation by treating IVIG with low levels of pepsin at pH 4. keywords: blood; hepatitis; human; inactivation; intravenous; ivig; non; plasma; removal; virus; viruses; virusfiltration cache: cord-331739-y1d0leic.txt plain text: cord-331739-y1d0leic.txt item: #1011 of 1203 id: cord-332046-ihc031ly author: Li, Yan‐Chao title: Neurotropic virus tracing suggests a membranous‐coating‐mediated mechanism for transsynaptic communication date: 2013-01-01 words: 4873 flesch: 41 summary: Coated vesicles enclosing a single virion were further found in the axonal terminals adjacent to infected pyramidal cells (Fig. 3D) . Usually, it is not easy to examine virus particles ultrastructurally in vivo, even if the viral antigen has been labeled by immunostaining, because virions are very small, and viral structures or vesicular membrane cannot be identified clearly because of the immunostaining reaction. keywords: cells; fig; hev; membrane; neurons; particles; vesicles; virions; virus cache: cord-332046-ihc031ly.txt plain text: cord-332046-ihc031ly.txt item: #1012 of 1203 id: cord-332088-5c77h0of author: Beena, V. title: Emerging horizon for bat borne viral zoonoses date: 2019-10-26 words: 4569 flesch: 44 summary: Recent database on bat viruses from 69 countries worldwide comprises more than 4100 bat-associated animal viruses belonging to 23 viridae detected in 196 bat species [6] . Along with detection and characterization of bat born viruses, the pathology associated with these viruses in the host and the environmental factors which trigger these virus spills over will be found helpful in preventing epidemic. keywords: bats; china; fruit; humans; india; nipha; novel; outbreak; pteropus; species; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-332088-5c77h0of.txt plain text: cord-332088-5c77h0of.txt item: #1013 of 1203 id: cord-332165-31tbc31x author: Rustmeier, Nils H. title: The Symmetry of Viral Sialic Acid Binding Sites—Implications for Antiviral Strategies date: 2019-10-14 words: 5842 flesch: 38 summary: Due to the surface-exposed binding mode and the weak individual interactions between sialic acids and their cognate virus proteins, modifying sialic acid to achieve high-affinity binding is challenging. Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the rotavirus inner capsid particle at 3.8 a resolution Sigma 1 protein of mammalian reoviruses extends from the surfaces of viral particles The GM2 Glycan Serves as a Functional Coreceptor for Serotype 1 Reovirus Crystal structure of reovirus attachment protein sigma1 in complex with sialylated oligosaccharides Three-dimensional visualization of the rotavirus hemagglutinin structure Comparison of human, simian, and bovine rotaviruses for requirement of sialic acid in hemagglutination and cell adsorption Role of sialic acids in rotavirus infection Sialic acid dependence in rotavirus host cell invasion keywords: acid; binding; capsid; cell; fold; influenza; inhibitors; proteins; sialic; sites; symmetry; virus; viruses cache: cord-332165-31tbc31x.txt plain text: cord-332165-31tbc31x.txt item: #1014 of 1203 id: cord-332181-k90i33gp author: Degeling, Chris title: Hendra in the news: Public policy meets public morality in times of zoonotic uncertainty date: 2012-12-29 words: 7063 flesch: 39 summary: London: Stationery Office Reproduction and nutritional stress are risk factors for Hendra virus infection in little red flying foxes (Pteropus scapulatus) Urban habituation, ecological connectivity and epidemic dampening: the emergence of Hendra virus from flying foxes (Pteropus spp To cull or not to cull is the burning question. it is surprising to find that until 2011, the media paid little attention to the link between Hendra virus and flying fox populations. keywords: disease; flying; foxes; government; health; hendra; hendra virus; horses; human; media; news; policy; public; risk; virus cache: cord-332181-k90i33gp.txt plain text: cord-332181-k90i33gp.txt item: #1015 of 1203 id: cord-332205-ydijp66b author: Hufsky, Franziska title: Virologists—Heroes need weapons date: 2018-02-08 words: 1166 flesch: 49 summary: [15] , and human pathogenic viruses (ViPR [16] ). Animal: an international journal of animal bioscience Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs Big biological data: challenges and opportunities Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA Challenges in RNA virus bioinformatics Endogenous retroviruses in the human genome sequence Real-Time Evolution of Zika Virus Disease Outbreak Global initiative on sharing all influenza data-from vision to reality. keywords: bioinformaticians; tools; virologists; viruses cache: cord-332205-ydijp66b.txt plain text: cord-332205-ydijp66b.txt item: #1016 of 1203 id: cord-332361-pdoln3nr author: Khor, Chee-Sieng title: Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years date: 2012-03-20 words: 3808 flesch: 40 summary: The relationship of meteorological conditions to the epidemic activity of respiratory syncytial virus Correlations between clinical illness, respiratory virus infections and climate factors in a tropical paediatric population Influenza seasonality: underlying causes and modeling theories Respiratory viruses detected in hospitalised paediatric patients with respiratory infections Viral agents of acute respiratory infections in young children in Kuala Lumpur Seasonal variation in respiratory syncytial virus chest infection in the tropics Health Facts Cost of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus chest infection and implications for passive immunization strategies in a developing nation High direct healthcare costs of patients hospitalised with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza in Malaysia Clinical features of Malaysian children hospitalized with community-acquired seasonal influenza Prospective comparison of R-mix shell vial system with direct antigen tests and conventional cell culture for respiratory virus detection Surveillance of eight respiratory viruses in clinical samples of pediatric patients in southeast Brazil Population-based surveillance for hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, and parainfluenza viruses among young children Human metapneumovirus in children Human metapneumovirus in infants and young children in Thailand with lower respiratory tract infections; molecular characteristics and clinical presentations The incidence of human bocavirus infection among children admitted to hospital in Singapore High prevalence of human rhinovirus C infection in Thai children with acute lower respiratory tract disease Human rhinovirus group C in hospitalized children Viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections in central Vietnamese children The association of newly identified respiratory viruses with lower respiratory tract infections in Korean children Respiratory viruses in acute respiratory tract infections in Western India Respiratory syncytial virus infection in tropical and developing countries Epidemic influenza and vitamin D Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality Viral etiology and epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in Korean children Seasonal trends of viral respiratory tract infections in the tropics Ingerani: Incidence and clinical features of hospitalization because of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory illness among children less than two years of age in a rural Asian setting Are meteorological parameters associated with acute respiratory tract infections? keywords: cases; children; infections; influenza; respiratory; rsv; viruses cache: cord-332361-pdoln3nr.txt plain text: cord-332361-pdoln3nr.txt item: #1017 of 1203 id: cord-332457-gan10za0 author: de Ángel Solá, David E. title: Weathering the pandemic: How the Caribbean Basin can use viral and environmental patterns to predict, prepare and respond to COVID‐19 date: 2020-04-10 words: 2874 flesch: 29 summary: A viruses indoors and dependence on humidity Using the systematic review methodology to evaluate factors that influence the persistence of influenza virus in environmental matrices Mechanisms of inactivation of viruses and macromolecules in air. Airborne Transmission and Airborne Infection CP Significance of fomites in the spread of respiratory and enteric viral disease Transmission of influenza A in human beings Informing optimal environmental influenza interventions: how the host, agent, and environment alter dominant routes of transmission Transmission of SARS and MERS coronaviruses and influenza virus in healthcare settings: the possible role of dry surface contamination World Health Organization. keywords: caribbean; coronavirus; covid-19; health; influenza; pandemic; patterns; sars; temperature; transmission cache: cord-332457-gan10za0.txt plain text: cord-332457-gan10za0.txt item: #1018 of 1203 id: cord-332632-u2ud0vmq author: Lussi, Carmela title: What can pestiviral endonucleases teach us about innate immunotolerance? date: 2016-03-17 words: 8710 flesch: 36 summary: The replicative intermediate molecule of bovine viral diarrhoea virus contains multiple nascent strands Characterization of RNA synthesis during a one-step growth curve and of the replication mechanism of bovine viral diarrhoea virus Properties of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus replicase in extracts of infected MDBK cells Doublestranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses Role of doublestranded RNA and N pro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells The viral RNase E rns prevents IFN type-I triggering by pestiviral single-and doublestranded RNAs Morphogenesis of pestiviruses: new insights from ultrastructural studies of strain giraffe-1 A cellular Jdomain protein modulates polyprotein processing and cytopathogenicity of a pestivirus The double-stranded RNA-induced apoptosis pathway is involved in the cytopathogenicity of cytopathogenic Bovine viral diarrhea virus Intracellular detection of viral nucleic acids BVDV: a pestivirus inducing tolerance of the innate immune response Self and nonself manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells Classical swine fever virus N pro limits type I interferon induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by interacting with interferon regulatory factor 7 The amino-terminal domain of bovine viral diarrhea virus N pro protein is necessary for alpha/beta interferon antagonism RNasedependent inhibition of extra-but not intracellular, dsRNA-induced IFN synthesis by E rns of pestiviruses Classical swine fever virus interferes with cellular antiviral defense: evidence for a novel function of N pro No love lost between viruses and interferons Interferons and viruses: an evolutionary arms race of molecular interactions Microbial sensing by toll-like receptors and intracellular nucleic acid sensors, Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Viral RNA detection by RIG-I-like receptors Identification of the role of RIG-I, MDA-5 and TLR3 in sensing RNA viruses in porcine epithelial cells using lentivirus-driven RNA interference Efficient sensing of infected cells in absence of virus particles by plasmacytoid dendritic cells is blocked by the viral ribonuclease E rns Fc gamma RII-dependent sensitisation of natural interferonproducing cells for viral infection and interferon-alpha responses Extracellular dsRNA: its function and mechanism of cellular uptake Autophagydependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells Autophagy during early stages contributes to bovine viral diarrhea virus replication in MDBK cells N pro expressed in virus infected cells is responsible for polyubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor IRF-3 in an as yet unknown manner but without requiring its proteolytic activity. keywords: acids; activation; bovine; cells; dsrna; e rns; host; ifn; infection; rna; rnase; rns; self; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-332632-u2ud0vmq.txt plain text: cord-332632-u2ud0vmq.txt item: #1019 of 1203 id: cord-332992-8rmqg4rf author: de Vries, A. A. F. title: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a primer for cardiologists date: 2020-07-15 words: 9215 flesch: 31 summary: Front Public Health Trained immunity: a tool for reducing susceptibility to and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection Complement as a target in COVID-19? COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy Immune-inflammatoryparameters in COVID-19 cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis AntibodyresponsestoSARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 IgA-Ab response to spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19: a longitudinal study Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals Diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2: a narrative review Towards effective diagnostic assays for COVID-19: a review Coronavirus pandemic-therapy and vaccines Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: lessons from other coronavirus strains AreviewofSARS-CoV-2 and the ongoing clinical trials Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization The challenges of vaccine development against a new virus during a pandemic The current and future state of vaccines, antivirals and gene therapies against emerging coronaviruses A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities Renin-angiotensin system inhibition in COVID-19 patients A systematic review on use of aminoquinolines for the therapeutic management of COVID-19: efficacy, safety and clinical trials The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine) against SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): a role for iron homeostasis? Based on previous research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and various animal models of virus-induced acute lung injury as well as haematological and biochemical laboratory findings in COVID-19 patients, the following scenarios can be envisioned [33, 34, 48, 49] . keywords: antibody; cells; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; human; immune; infection; injury; onset; particles; patients; protein; rna; sars; transmission; vaccines; viral; virus cache: cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt plain text: cord-332992-8rmqg4rf.txt item: #1020 of 1203 id: cord-333043-fe24ezt6 author: Traavik, T. title: “Runde“ virus, a coronavirus-like agent associated with seabirds and ticks date: 1977 words: 4196 flesch: 57 summary: This corona-like virus has been tentatively termed Runde virus. Circumstances of tickcollection strongly support that Runde virus is an arbovirus in the ecological sense, and not a mechanical pick-up : 1. keywords: cell; cent; cultures; days; mice; mouse; runde; seabird; ticks; uriae; virus; viruses cache: cord-333043-fe24ezt6.txt plain text: cord-333043-fe24ezt6.txt item: #1021 of 1203 id: cord-333228-ejkgune0 author: Ball, Andrew S title: Chapter 1 Introduction into nanotechnology and microbiology date: 2019-12-31 words: 5319 flesch: 22 summary: Despite the advantages of nanotechnology in the agri-food sector, food nanotechnology represents a relatively new concept and issues relating to product labelling, potential health risks and lack of unifying regulations currently hinder the development of the sector (Handford et al., 2014) . Nanotechnology is becoming increasingly important for the agri-food sector to (i) improve shelf life, food quality and safety, control delivery, storage and packaging and (ii) in the development of nanosensors for contaminated food detection (Ranjan et al., 2014) . keywords: applications; bacteria; detection; food; microbiology; microorganisms; nanomaterials; nanoparticles; nanotechnology; pathogens; silver; treatment; virus; viruses; water cache: cord-333228-ejkgune0.txt plain text: cord-333228-ejkgune0.txt item: #1022 of 1203 id: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj author: Robson, B. title: COVID-19 Coronavirus spike protein analysis for synthetic vaccines, a peptidomimetic antagonist, and therapeutic drugs, and analysis of a proposed achilles’ heel conserved region to minimize probability of escape mutations and drug resistance date: 2020-04-11 words: 21686 flesch: 45 summary: Not least, protein binding sites are often partially disordered before binding, and in any case there may be several binding modes. Several three dimensional structures are known for ACE2 complexed with SARS spike protein e.g. protein data bank (PDB) entry (6ACG) and of variants of the latter (e.g. TMPRSS2 protein data bank entry 2OQ5). keywords: ace2; acid; amino; binding; compounds; coronavirus; cov-2; data; dehydrogenase; design; e.g.; emodin; entry; human; krsfiedllfnkv; like; molecules; motif; paper; peptides; pharmacophore; present; protein; residues; sars; sequence; site; spike; studies; type; vaccine; virus cache: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt plain text: cord-333262-xvfl7ycj.txt item: #1023 of 1203 id: cord-333351-homxj9uz author: Rodhain, F. title: Bats and Viruses: complex relationships date: 2015-10-10 words: 10171 flesch: 46 summary: Celle-ci est-elle en rapport avec ces millions d'années de coexistence des Chiroptères et des virus ? Au sein de la faune sauvage, rares sont en effet les groupes d'animaux susceptibles d'être infectés d'autant d'agents viraux ; plus d'une soixantaine de virus ont été détectés ou isolés du sang, des excrétas ou des organes des Chiroptères (9, 18, 41, 43) . keywords: animaux; aussi; aux; avec; bats; cas; certains; ces; chauves; chez; chiroptères; comme; d'autres; dans; des; entre; espèces; est; infections; l'homme; les; leur; lyssavirus; mais; même; nipah; nous; par; pas; peut; populations; pour; que; qui; sont; souris; sur; transmission; très; une; virus; viruses; été; être cache: cord-333351-homxj9uz.txt plain text: cord-333351-homxj9uz.txt item: #1024 of 1203 id: cord-333463-u7je0d1o author: Diaz-Salazar, Carlos title: Natural killer cell responses to emerging viruses of zoonotic origin date: 2020-08-09 words: 6200 flesch: 36 summary: Moreover, during viral infection, pro-inflammatory Table 1 Overview of NK cell response to emerging viruses of zoonotic origin, as identified by the WHO [2, 177] . Viruses Control of acute Arboviral infection by natural killer cells Association of HLA class-I and inhibitory KIR genotypes in Gabonese patients infected by chikungunya or dengue type-2 viruses Phenotypic and functional analyses of NK and NKT-like populations during the early stages of chikungunya infection Caribbean and la reunion chikungunya virus isolates differ in their capacity to induce proinflammatory Th1 and NK cell responses and acute joint pathology World Health Organization methodology to prioritize emerging infectious diseases in need of research and development keywords: cells; dengue; ebola; fever; human; ifn; immune; infection; killer; responses; virus; viruses; zoonotic cache: cord-333463-u7je0d1o.txt plain text: cord-333463-u7je0d1o.txt item: #1025 of 1203 id: cord-333655-lylt7qld author: Van Breedam, Wander title: Bitter‐sweet symphony: glycan–lectin interactions in virus biology date: 2013-12-06 words: 18704 flesch: 25 summary: Reading et al., 1997; Kase et al., 1999; Hartshorn et al., 2000; Hillaire et al., 2011) . Although SP-A may interact with some IAV isolates in a similar manner (Malhotra et al., 1994) , binding of this molecule to most of the IAV variants tested to date appears not to involve the lectin activity of SP-A; in contrast, virus binding depends on the interaction of the viral hemagglutinin with a sialylated N-glycan on the SP-A CRD (Hartshorn et al., 1994; Benne et al., 1995 Benne et al., , 1997 Hartshorn et al., 1997; van Eijk et al., 2003; Mikerov et al., 2008) . keywords: acid; activity; binding; cell; dendritic; eijk et; et al; glycan; glycosylation; gp120; hartshorn et; hemagglutinin; hiv; host; host lectins; human; iav; immune; infection; influenza; interactions; lectins; membrane; protein; receptors; recognition; sign; surface; target; type; virions; virus; viruses cache: cord-333655-lylt7qld.txt plain text: cord-333655-lylt7qld.txt item: #1026 of 1203 id: cord-333730-qsx0m68e author: Tsai, Y. C. title: Oral disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and immunosuppressants with antiviral potential, including SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review date: 2020-09-03 words: 4934 flesch: 26 summary: The Swiss HIV cohort study The HYDILE trial: efficacy and tolerance of a quadruple combination of reverse transcriptase inhibitors versus the same regimen plus hydroxyurea or hydroxyurea and interleukin-2 in HIV-infected patients failing protease inhibitorbased combinations Activity, safety, and immunological effects of hydroxyurea added to didanosine in antiretroviral-naive and experienced HIV type 1-infected subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, ACTG 307 A randomized trial to investigate the recycling of stavudine and didanosine with and without hydroxyurea in salvage therapy (RESTART) Hydroxyurea as an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus RNA replication Hydroxyurea suppresses HCV replication in humans: a phase I trial of oral hydroxyurea in chronic hepatitis C patients Amazing results with hydroxyurea therapy in chronic hepatitis B: a preliminary report Reactivation of hepatitis B virus during treatment with hydroxyurea in an elderly patient with essential thrombocythemia Reversible inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by hydroxyurea Hydroxyurea enhances the activity of acyclovir and cidofovir against herpes simplex virus type 1 resistant strains harboring mutations in the thymidine kinase and/or the DNA polymerase genes Hydroxyurea inhibits parvovirus B19 replication in erythroid progenitor cells Original research: parvovirus B19 infection in children with sickle cell disease in the hydroxyurea era A novel action of minocycline inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in microglia Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline Minocycline treatment for HIV-associated 20 journals.sagepub.com/home/tab cognitive impairment: results from a randomized trial Randomized trial of minocycline in the treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment Minocycline neuroprotects, reduces microglial activation, inhibits caspase 3 induction, and viral replication following Japanese encephalitis Minocycline differentially modulates viral infection and persistence in an experimental model of Japanese encephalitis Minocycline trial in Japanese encephalitis: a double blind, randomized placebo study Role of oral minocycline in acute encephalitis syndrome in India: a randomized controlled trial Drug repurposing of minocycline against dengue virus infection Antibiotic minocycline prevents respiratory syncytial virus infection Antiinflammatory and antiviral effects of minocycline in enterovirus 71 infections Transcriptomic characterization of the novel avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus: specific host response and responses intermediate between avian (H5N1 and H7N7) and human (H3N2) viruses and implications for treatment options Minocycline inhibits West Nile virus replication and apoptosis in human neuronal cells Minocycline delays disease onset and mortality in reovirus encephalitis Therapy with minocycline aggravates experimental rabies in mice Effects of mycophenolic acid on human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and in vivo Mycophenolic mofetil, an alternative antiviral and immunomodulator for the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection Broadspectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-β1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 by the experimental immunosuppressive agent leflunomide Successful treatment of acyclovirresistant herpes simplex virus type 2 proctitis with leflunomide in an HIV-infected man Leflunomide in the treatment of a pseudotumoral genital herpes simplex virus infection in an HIV patient Inhibition of HIV replication by A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, in combination with pyrimidine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors Anti-HIV-1 activity of leflunomide: a comparison with mycophenolic acid and hydroxyurea Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20947296 sha: doc_id: 333730 cord_uid: qsx0m68e There have been several episodes of viral infection evolving into epidemics in recent decades, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the latest example. keywords: activity; covid-19; disease; hiv; hydroxyurea; infection; leflunomide; minocycline; patients; replication; sars; treatment; trial; virus cache: cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt plain text: cord-333730-qsx0m68e.txt item: #1027 of 1203 id: cord-333810-57d4oopv author: Leroy, Éric Maurice title: L’Émergence du virus EBOLA chez l’homme: un long processus pas totalement élucidé date: 2015-05-31 words: 4846 flesch: 50 summary: La contamination des grands singes interviendrait alors à la faveur de contacts sanguins directs avec le sang ou les tissus placentaires des femelles chauves-souris au moment de la parturition [46] , ou alors dans une moindre mesure avec la salive, l'urine ou les fèces. Ces évènements participeraient à modifier la nature des réponses immunitaires, propices à la reprise de la réplication virale dans les organes voire à l'apparition de virus dans la circulation sanguine. keywords: cas; ces; cette; chauves; dans; des; ebola; est; l'homme; les; ont; par; pour; que; qui; souris; une; virus; épidémies; été; être cache: cord-333810-57d4oopv.txt plain text: cord-333810-57d4oopv.txt item: #1028 of 1203 id: cord-333853-p2kbjwpy author: Smee, Donald F. title: Therapy and Long-Term Prophylaxis of Vaccinia Virus Respiratory Infections in Mice with an Adenovirus-Vectored Interferon Alpha (mDEF201) date: 2011-10-13 words: 4605 flesch: 45 summary: These results demonstrate the long-acting prophylactic and treatment capacity of mDEF201 to combat vaccinia virus infections. The results from these experiments indicate that mDEF201 has an extremely long-acting prophylactic activity against vaccinia virus infections in mice. keywords: day; days; infection; interferon; lung; mdef201; mice; vaccinia; virus cache: cord-333853-p2kbjwpy.txt plain text: cord-333853-p2kbjwpy.txt item: #1029 of 1203 id: cord-334010-gxu0refq author: Banerjee, Nilotpal title: Viral glycoproteins: biological role and application in diagnosis date: 2016-01-18 words: 6667 flesch: 42 summary: During maturation from host cell viruses have Viral glycoproteins: biological role and application in diagnosis 7 host glycoproteins on their surface to avoid the immunity of the host. NS1) University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Dengue vaccines: challenges, development, current status and prospects Cellular and humoral immunity to varicella zoster virus glycoproteins in immune and susceptible human subjects Human arbovirus infections worldwide Dengue viral infections Influenza, epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases Carbohydrates of human immunodeficiency virus Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for Probing virus-glycan interactions using glycan microarrays Chikungunya: a bending reality Evaluation of a dengue NS1 antigen detection assay sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of acute dengue virus infection Glycan receptor for influenza virus Approaches for the development of rapid serological assays for surveillance and diagnosis of infections caused by zoonotic flaviviruses of the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex Fatal cases of Chikungunya virus infection in Colombia: diagnostic and treatment challenges Development of global consensus of dengue virus envelope glycoprotein for epitopes based vaccine design Influenza Symptoms and the Role of Laboratory Diagnostics, Health Professionals, Seasonal. keywords: cell; dengue; diagnosis; ebola; envelope; glycan; glycoproteins; hiv; host; human; infection; influenza; role; virus; viruses cache: cord-334010-gxu0refq.txt plain text: cord-334010-gxu0refq.txt item: #1030 of 1203 id: cord-334027-xhfmio7k author: Fagre, Anna C. title: Can Bats Serve as Reservoirs for Arboviruses? date: 2019-03-03 words: 8739 flesch: 36 summary: Parasite Diverse RNA viruses of arthropod origin in the blood of fruit bats suggest a link between bat and arthropod viromes A whole genome perspective on the phylogeny of the plant virus family Tombusviridae Metagenomics reshapes the concepts of RNA virus evolution by revealing extensive horizontal virus transfer Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere Deliberate insectivory by the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus Deliberate insectivory by the fruit bat Pteropus poliocephalus by aerial hunting Viral antibody dynamics in a chiropteran host The enhancement of arbovirus transmission and disease by mosquito saliva is associated with modulation of the host immune response Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus Tools to study pathogen-host interactions in bats Ecosystem services provided by bats Marburgvirus resurgence in Kitaka Mine bat population after extermination attempts Empirical assessment of non-invasive population genetics in bats: Comparison of DNA quality from faecal and tissue samples Empirical evaluation of non-invasive capture-mark-recapture estimation of population size based on a single sampling session Optimizing Viral Discovery in Bats Optimizing non-invasive sampling of an infectious bat virus Experimental Inoculation of Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Viruses of the Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Genera Bats have long been suspected as reservoirs for arboviruses [11] , but experimental data that would support a role of bats as reservoir hosts for certain arboviruses remain difficult to collect. keywords: antibodies; arboviruses; arthropod; bats; encephalitis; evidence; experimental; fever; field; fruit; infection; japanese; mosquitoes; reservoir; role; species; studies; study; transmission; viremia; virus; viruses cache: cord-334027-xhfmio7k.txt plain text: cord-334027-xhfmio7k.txt item: #1031 of 1203 id: cord-334082-fyxn0g3v author: O’Carroll, I.P. title: Viral Nucleic Acids date: 2015-08-20 words: 5500 flesch: 50 summary: In contrast, cells do not normally make copies of RNA molecules; thus, RNA viruses must encode the proteins needed for RNA replication, including the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Another striking difference between DNA and RNA viruses is in the range of their genome sizes: while the largest RNA virus genomes, those of the coronaviruses, are approximately 32 kb, DNA viral genomes can be nearly 100 times larger, as Pandoravirus DNA is approximately 2.5  10 6 bp. keywords: cell; dna; genomes; proteins; replication; rna; rnas; strand; viruses cache: cord-334082-fyxn0g3v.txt plain text: cord-334082-fyxn0g3v.txt item: #1032 of 1203 id: cord-334108-4ey725dv author: Seymour, I.J. title: Foodborne viruses and fresh produce date: 2008-07-07 words: 10246 flesch: 46 summary: Salinity and pH do not appear to have a signi®cant direct effect on virus survival under conditions normally found in natural waters, but may have indirect effects by modifying interaction of viruses with particulates. Effect of chlorine treatment on infectivity of hepatitis A virus An outbreak of calicivirus associated with consumption of frozen raspberries Long-term survival of human rotavirus in raw and treated river water Role of infected food handler in hotel outbreak of Norwalk-like viral gastroenteritis: implications for control Frozen raspberries and hepatitis A A multifocal outbreak of hepatitis A traced to commercially distributed lettuce High levels of microbial contamination of vegetables irrigated with wastewater by the drip method Chemical disinfection of non-porous inanimate surfaces experimentally contaminated with four human pathogenic viruses Viruses, Parasites, Pathogens and HACCP Viruses, Parasites, Pathogens and HACCP Foodborne spread of hepatitis A: recent studies on virus survival, transfer and inactivation Acid stability of hepatitis A virus Review of sources of enteroviruses in the environment Small round structured viruses in environmental water samples Attachment of Escherichia coli O157: keywords: chlorine; contamination; et al; food; foodborne; fruits; gastroenteritis; hepatitis; human; nlvs; outbreaks; soil; studies; survival; vegetables; viruses; water cache: cord-334108-4ey725dv.txt plain text: cord-334108-4ey725dv.txt item: #1033 of 1203 id: cord-334365-idjvbcy4 author: Gooding, J. Justin title: Virus Detection: What Were We Doing before COVID-19 Changed the World? date: 2020-05-29 words: 970 flesch: 36 summary: Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies Development of an Electrochemical Paper-Based Analytical Device for Trace Detection of Virus Particles Portable GMR Handheld Platform for the Detection of Influenza A Virus Instrument-Free Point-of-Care Molecular Detection of Zika Virus Microfluidic-CFPA Chip for the Point-of-Care Detection of African Swine Fever Virus with a Median Time to Threshold in about 10 min Virus Bioresistor (VBR) for Detection of Bladder Cancer Marker DJ-1 in Urine at 10 pM in One Minute Rapid Detection of Infectious Envelope Proteins by Magnetoplasmonic Toroidal Metasensors Rapid and Fully Microfluidic Ebola Virus Detection with CRISPR-Cas13a Sequence-Specific Recognition of HIV-1 DNA with Solid-State CRISPR-Cas12a-Assisted Nanopores (SCAN) Cellular-Beacon-Mediated Counting for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Ebola Virus on an Integrated Micromagnetic Platform HIV Detection via a Carbon Nanotube RNA Sensor Emulsion Agglutination Assay for the Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions: An Optical Sensor for Zika Virus Digital Single Virus Electrochemical Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay for Ultrasensitive H7N9 Avian Influenza Virus Counting Ebola Virus Aptamers: From Highly Efficient Selection to Application on Magnetism-Controlled Chips Target-Induced Cascade Amplification for Homogeneous Virus Detection Single-Molecule-Based Detection of Conserved Influenza A Virus RNA Promoter Using a Protein Nanopore Use of Super-Resolution Optical Microscopy To Reveal Direct Virus Binding at Hybrid Core-Shell Matrixes Supersensitive Detection of the Norovirus Immunoplasmon by 3D Total Internal Reflection Scattering Defocus Microscopy with Wavelength-Dependent Transmission Grating Membrane Fluidity Sensing on the Single Virus Particle Level with Plasmonic Nanoparticle Transducers Determination of Antibody Population Distributions for Virus-Antibody Conjugates by Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry Simple Strategy for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Avian Influenza A H7N9 Virus Based on Intensity-Modulated SPR Biosensor and New Generated Antibody key: cord-334365-idjvbcy4 authors: Gooding, J. Justin; Ligler, Frances S. title: Virus Detection: What Were We Doing before COVID-19 Changed the World? date: 2020-05-29 journal: ACS Sens DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01029 sha: doc_id: 334365 cord_uid: idjvbcy4 nan A s we sit here locked down in our homes while COVID-19 threatens how we live our lives, one thinks about the old life we led. keywords: detection; testing; tests; virus cache: cord-334365-idjvbcy4.txt plain text: cord-334365-idjvbcy4.txt item: #1034 of 1203 id: cord-334560-1j9zmuub author: Hunt, Catherine L. title: Filovirus Entry: A Novelty in the Viral Fusion World date: 2012-02-07 words: 6453 flesch: 43 summary: Sequence and residues critical for host cell binding Covalent modifications of the ebola virus glycoprotein Identification of the ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury Ebola virus glycoprotein toxicity is mediated by a dynamin-dependent protein-trafficking pathway Effect of flanking residues on the conformational sampling of the internal fusion peptide from ebola virus Functional importance of the coiled-coil of the ebola virus glycoprotein Involvement of viral envelope gp2 in ebola virus entry into cells expressing the macrophage galactose-type c-type lectin Permeabilization of the plasma membrane by ebola virus gp2 Distribution of hydrophobic residues is crucial for the fusogenic properties of the ebola virus gp2 fusion peptide Mutational analysis of the putative fusion domain of ebola virus glycoprotein Phosphatidylinositol-dependent membrane fusion induced by a putative fusogenic sequence of ebola virus Cell entry of enveloped viruses The role of the transmembrane and of the intraviral domain of glycoproteins in membrane fusion of enveloped viruses Ebola virus glycoprotein: Proteolytic processing, acylation, cell tropism, and detection of neutralizing antibodies The glycoproteins of marburg and ebola virus and their potential roles in pathogenesis Ebola virus: New insights into disease aetiopathology and possible therapeutic interventions Pathogenesis of ebola hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques: Evidence that dendritic cells are early and sustained targets of infection Characterization of ebola virus entry by using pseudotyped viruses: Identification of receptor-deficient cell lines Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane ebola virus glycoproteins A search for ebola virus in animals in the democratic republic of the Congo and Cameroon: Ecologic, virologic, and serologic surveys, 1979-1980. EBOV GP-mediated attachment and entry into early endosomes was unaffected in NPC1-defective cells; however, electron micrographs of NPC1 null cells infected with EBOV GP pseudotyped virus show the accumulation of perinuclear vesicles laden with EBOV GP pseudovirions that were positive for the lysosomal marker LAMP1 keywords: cells; ebola; ebov; endosomal; entry; filovirus; form; fusion; glycoprotein; membrane; npc1; receptor; virus cache: cord-334560-1j9zmuub.txt plain text: cord-334560-1j9zmuub.txt item: #1035 of 1203 id: cord-334771-uy3s6443 author: Rao, BL title: A large outbreak of acute encephalitis with high fatality rate in children in Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2003, associated with Chandipura virus date: 2004-09-09 words: 3675 flesch: 45 summary: Virus was isolated from six patients with encephalitis and was identified as Chandipura virus by electron microscopy, complement fixation, and neutralisation tests. Neutralising, IgG, and IgM antibodies to Chandipura virus were present in some patients' serum samples. keywords: antibodies; chandipura; encephalitis; igm; outbreak; patients; rna; samples; serum; virus cache: cord-334771-uy3s6443.txt plain text: cord-334771-uy3s6443.txt item: #1036 of 1203 id: cord-334941-6uattdti author: Espmark, Åke title: Other viruses date: 2014-06-27 words: 3579 flesch: 53 summary: 334941 cord_uid: 6uattdti This chapter discusses the characteristics of other viruses. The Microbiological Research Establishment at Porton in England and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta, USA, are geared for diagnostic work with Lassa fever virus. keywords: cases; disease; fever; haemorrhagic; infections; man; virus; viruses cache: cord-334941-6uattdti.txt plain text: cord-334941-6uattdti.txt item: #1037 of 1203 id: cord-334947-pa0p5dif author: Rozen-Gagnon, Kathryn title: Alphavirus Mutator Variants Present Host-Specific Defects and Attenuation in Mammalian and Insect Models date: 2014-01-16 words: 8911 flesch: 37 summary: The broadspectrum antiviral ribonucleoside ribavirin is an RNA virus mutagen The mechanism of action of ribavirin: lethal mutagenesis of RNA virus genomes mediated by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Deduced consensus sequence of Sindbis virus strain AR339: mutations contained in laboratory strains which affect cell culture and in vivo phenotypes Isolation of fidelity variants of RNA viruses and characterization of virus mutation frequency Command-line tools for processing biological sequencing data Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools ANDES: Statistical tools for the ANalyses of DEep Sequencing Development of a highly protective combination monoclonal antibody therapy against Chikungunya virus Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: reemergence of a zoonotic arbovirus Entry is a rate-limiting step for viral infection in a Drosophila melanogaster model of pathogenesis Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity Engineering attenuated virus vaccines by controlling replication fidelity Determinants of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (in)fidelity revealed by kinetic analysis of the polymerase encoded by a foot-and-mouth disease virus mutant with reduced sensitivity to ribavirin Structure-function relationships of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: fidelity, replication speed, and initiation mechanism determined by a residue in the ribose-binding pocket RNA virus error catastrophe: direct molecular test by using ribavirin Mosquitoes put the brake on arbovirus evolution: experimental evolution reveals slower mutation accumulation in mosquito than vertebrate cells The West Nile virus mutant spectrum is host-dependant and a determinant of mortality in mice Genetic diversity and purifying selection in West Nile virus populations are maintained during host switching Finescale genetic variation and evolution of West Nile Virus in a transmission 'hot spot Adaptation of two flaviviruses results in differences in genetic heterogeneity and virus adaptability West Nile virus genetic diversity is maintained during transmission by Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus mosquitoes Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein is a cellular receptor for sindbis virus in both insect and mammalian hosts Beyond RNAi: antiviral defense strategies in Drosophila and mosquito Belshaw R (2010) The cost of replication fidelity in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 The cost of replication fidelity in an RNA virus A Polymerase mechanism-based strategy for viral attenuation and vaccine development Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population Error thresholds and the constraints to RNA virus evolution Mutation rates and rapid evolution of RNA viruses Mutation frequencies at defined single codon sites in vesicular stomatitis virus and poliovirus can be increased only slightly by chemical mutagenesis Lethal mutagenesis of HIV with mutagenic nucleoside analogs Increased fidelity reduces poliovirus fitness and virulence under selective pressure in mice Arbovirus high fidelity variant loses fitness in mosquitoes and mice Evolution of pig influenza viruses Ribavirin and lethal mutagenesis of poliovirus: molecular mechanisms, resistance and biological implications Viral error catastrophe by mutagenic nucleosides Theory of lethal mutagenesis for viruses Therapeutically targeting RNA viruses via lethal mutagenesis Back to the future: revisiting HIV-1 lethal mutagenesis Interrelationship between HIV-1 fitness and mutation rate Host alternation of chikungunya virus increases fitness while restricting population diversity and adaptability to novel selective pressures Factors shaping the adaptive landscape for arboviruses: implications for the emergence of disease Arbovirus evolution in vivo is constrained by host alternation Characterization of mosquito-adapted West Nile virus Effect of alternating passage on adaptation of sindbis virus to vertebrate and invertebrate cells West Nile virus experimental evolution in vivo and the trade-off hypothesis Vectorborne transmission imposes a severe bottleneck on an RNA virus population Genetic diversity and slow rates of evolution in New World alphaviruses Role of the mutant spectrum in adaptation and replication of West Nile virus Study of sequence variation of dengue type 3 virus in naturally infected mosquitoes and human hosts: implications for transmission and evolution Genetic variation in West Nile virus from naturally infected mosquitoes and birds suggests quasispecies structure and strong purifying selection Quasispecies of dengue virus Cooperative interactions in the West Nile virus mutant swarm NTPase and 59-RNA triphosphatase activities of Chikungunya virus nsP2 protein Differential unfolded protein response during Chikungunya and Sindbis virus infection: CHIKV nsP4 suppresses eIF2alpha phosphorylation The crystal structures of Chikungunya and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP3 macro domains define a conserved adenosine binding pocket Chikungunya virus nsP3 blocks stress granule assembly by recruitment of G3BP into cytoplasmic foci BST-2/ tetherin-mediated restriction of chikungunya (CHIKV) VLP budding is counteracted by CHIKV non-structural protein 1 (nsP1) Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus Replication cycle of chikungunya: a re-emerging arbovirus Role for conserved residues of sindbis virus nonstructural protein 2 methyltransferase-like domain in regulation of minus-strand synthesis and development of cytopathic infection Roles of nonstructural polyproteins and cleavage products in regulating Sindbis virus RNA replication and transcription O'nyong nyong Virus Molecular Determinants of Unique Vector Specificity Reside in Non-Structural Protein 3 Conservation of a packaging signal and the viral genome RNA packaging mechanism in alphavirus evolution Catalytic core of alphavirus nonstructural protein nsP4 possesses terminal adenylyltransferase activity keywords: cells; chikv; defects; fidelity; figure; frequencies; mosquito; mutation; mutator; polymerase; position; replication; rna; sinv; strains; variants; virus; viruses; wildtype cache: cord-334947-pa0p5dif.txt plain text: cord-334947-pa0p5dif.txt item: #1038 of 1203 id: cord-335116-c83xyev5 author: Proença-Módena, José Luiz title: Respiratory viruses are continuously detected in children with chronic tonsillitis throughout the year date: 2014-07-21 words: 3641 flesch: 31 summary: The fluctuations of respiratory virus detection were compared to the major climatic variables during a two-year period using adenoids and palatine tonsils from 172 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and clinical evidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or recurrent adenotonsillitis, without symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), by TaqMan real-time PCR. Methods: The fluctuations of respiratory virus detection were compared to the major climatic variables during a two-year period using adenoids and palatine tonsils from 172 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and clinical evidence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome or recurrent adenotonsillitis, without symptoms of acute respiratory infection (ARI), by TaqMan real-time PCR. keywords: adenotonsillar; children; detection; patients; study; tissues; virus; viruses cache: cord-335116-c83xyev5.txt plain text: cord-335116-c83xyev5.txt item: #1039 of 1203 id: cord-335279-cfv18qn0 author: Paillot, Romain title: Special Issue “Equine Viruses”: Old “Friends” and New Foes? date: 2020-01-29 words: 2072 flesch: 45 summary: Beyond their potential risk to other species, including humans, equine viruses may also represent an interesting model for reproducing virus infection in the host species. The Use of a Recombinant Canarypox-Based Equine Influenza Vaccine during the 2007 Australian Outbreak: A Systematic Review and Summary Success and Limitation of Equine Influenza Vaccination: The First Incursion in a Decade of a Florida Clade 1 Equine Influenza Virus that Shakes Protection Despite High Vaccine Coverage Acknowledgments: I wish to express my sincere thanks to all authors for their contribution to the Special Issue Equine Viruses. keywords: equine; horses; virus; viruses cache: cord-335279-cfv18qn0.txt plain text: cord-335279-cfv18qn0.txt item: #1040 of 1203 id: cord-335647-dhcxj7cj author: Vanderlinden, Evelien title: Emerging Antiviral Strategies to Interfere with Influenza Virus Entry date: 2013-06-25 words: 15140 flesch: 36 summary: Binding to N1 enzymes in the context of virus-like particles Mechanismbased covalent neuraminidase inhibitors with broad spectrum influenza antiviral activity A novel small-molecule inhibitor of the avian influenza H5N1 virus determined through computational screening against the neuraminidase T-705 (favipiravir) induces lethal mutagenesis in influenza A H1N1 viruses in vitro T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections Influenza hemagglutinin and neuraminidase membrane glycoproteins A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats Crystal structures of two subtype N10 neuraminidase-like proteins from bat influenza A viruses reveal a diverged putative active site The influenza virus enigma Assembly of influenza hemagglutinin trimers and its role in intracellular transport Structure of the haemagglutinin membrane glycoprotein of influenza virus at 3 A resolution Structure of the hemagglutinin precursor cleavage site, a determinant of influenza pathogenicity and the origin of the labile conformation Novel insights into proteolytic cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin Virulence-associated sequence duplication at the hemagglutinin cleavage site of avian influenza viruses Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease Highly potent inhibitors of proprotein convertase furin as potential drugs for treatment of infectious diseases S acylation of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses: mass spectrometry reveals site-specific attachment of stearic acid to a transmembrane cysteine Evidence for N-glycan shielding of antigenic sites during evolution of human influenza A virus hemagglutinin Glycosylation focuses sequence variation in the influenza The role of nuclear import and export in influenza virus infection Influenza virus assembly and budding Effect of M1 protein and low pH on nuclear transport of influenza virus ribonucleoproteins Unpacking the incoming influenza virus Dissection of influenza A virus M1 protein: pH-dependent oligomerization of N-terminal domain and dimerization of C-terminal domain Structural changes in Influenza virus at low pH characterized by cryo-electron tomography Influenza virus uncoating in infected cells and effect of rimantadine A small percentage of influenza virus M1 protein contains zinc but zinc does not influence in vitro M1-RNA interaction Antiviral activity of influenza virus M1 zinc finger peptides Architecture of ribonucleoprotein complexes in influenza A virus particles The mechanism by which influenza A virus nucleoprotein forms oligomers and binds RNA Ultrastructural analysis of the nuclear localization sequences on influenza A ribonucleoprotein complexes An unconventional NLS is critical for the nuclear import of the influenza A virus nucleoprotein and ribonucleoprotein Nuclear import of influenza virus RNA can be mediated by viral nucleoprotein and transport factors required for protein import Differential use of importin-alpha isoforms governs cell tropism and host adaptation of influenza virus The influenza virus nucleoprotein: a multifunctional RNA-binding protein pivotal to virus replication Activity of Ingavirin (6-[2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino]-5-oxohexanoic Acid) against human respiratory viruses in in vivo experiments Nebol'sin VE. keywords: acid; activity; amantadine; antibody; antiviral; binding; cell; channel; entry; fusion; hemagglutinin; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibitors; membrane; protein; proton; receptor; residues; resistance; virus; virus activity; viruses cache: cord-335647-dhcxj7cj.txt plain text: cord-335647-dhcxj7cj.txt item: #1041 of 1203 id: cord-335774-15fhg8o9 author: Mull, Nathaniel title: Ecology of Neglected Rodent-Borne American Orthohantaviruses date: 2020-04-26 words: 6842 flesch: 33 summary: While studying such viruses is important, there are an untold number of other pathogens that persist among humans and wildlife that receive little to no attention [1] . Empirical data on the ecology of neglected American orthohantaviruses are crucial to understanding transmission and persistence of such viruses and threats to human health. keywords: american; evidence; hcps; host; human; infection; new; orthohantaviruses; rodent; snv; species; spillover; syndrome; table; transmission; virus cache: cord-335774-15fhg8o9.txt plain text: cord-335774-15fhg8o9.txt item: #1042 of 1203 id: cord-335948-qkfxfmxb author: Ampofo, William K. title: Improving influenza vaccine virus selectionReport of a WHO informal consultation held at WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 14–16 June 2010 date: 2011-08-08 words: 10007 flesch: 18 summary: key: cord-335948-qkfxfmxb authors: Ampofo, William K.; Baylor, Norman; Cobey, Sarah; Cox, Nancy J.; Daves, Sharon; Edwards, Steven; Ferguson, Neil; Grohmann, Gary; Hay, Alan; Katz, Jacqueline; Kullabutr, Kornnika; Lambert, Linda; Levandowski, Roland; Mishra, A. C.; Monto, Arnold; Siqueira, Marilda; Tashiro, Masato; Waddell, Anthony L.; Wairagkar, Niteen; Wood, John; Zambon, Maria; Zhang, Wenqing title: Improving influenza vaccine virus selectionReport of a WHO informal consultation held at WHO headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland, 14–16 June 2010 date: 2011-08-08 journal: The expanded and enhanced role of the GISRS following the adoption of the International Health Regulations (2005), recognition of the continuing threat posed by avian H5N1 and the aftermath of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic provide an opportune time to critically review the process by which influenza vaccine viruses are selected. keywords: antigenic; data; development; gisrs; global; human; influenza; influenza vaccine; influenza viruses; pandemic; selection; vaccine; vaccine virus; virus selection; viruses cache: cord-335948-qkfxfmxb.txt plain text: cord-335948-qkfxfmxb.txt item: #1043 of 1203 id: cord-336045-8qcj5uiy author: Langlois, Isabelle title: Viral diseases of ferrets date: 2005-03-01 words: 7203 flesch: 40 summary: Compendium of animal rabies control Epidemiologists and public health veterinarians issue statement on ferrets Viral diseases: ferret rabies. Infected ferrets become symptomatic after an incubation period of 7 to 10 days keywords: adv; aleutian; animal; disease; distemper; ferrets; infection; influenza; mink; rabies; signs; vaccination; vaccine; variant; virus cache: cord-336045-8qcj5uiy.txt plain text: cord-336045-8qcj5uiy.txt item: #1044 of 1203 id: cord-336157-aqc9zrrm author: Liang, Guodong title: Factors responsible for the emergence of arboviruses; strategies, challenges and limitations for their control date: 2015-03-25 words: 4112 flesch: 36 summary: [52] [53] Now, in the 21st century genetically engineered live attenuated vaccines can be manufactured within months, to protect humans against the ravages of pandemic influenza and other virus diseases. Therefore, unlike, smallpox virus, measles virus or poliovirus, arbovirus disease control based on humans, livestock and/or domestic animals cannot eradicate the arbovirus. keywords: animals; arboviruses; control; disease; fever; humans; mosquitoes; species; strategies; transmission; virus cache: cord-336157-aqc9zrrm.txt plain text: cord-336157-aqc9zrrm.txt item: #1045 of 1203 id: cord-336212-ueh4q408 author: Koenig, Kristi L. title: Identify-Isolate-Inform: A Tool for Initial Detection and Management of Zika Virus Patients in the Emergency Department date: 2016-04-04 words: 3599 flesch: 44 summary: Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations WHO Vector-borne diseases Zika virus in the Americas -Yet another arbovirus threat Guillain-Barre syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study Association between Zika virus and microcephaly in French Polynesia, 2013-15: a retrospective study Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Webinar-Update on interim Zika virus clinical guidance and recommendations The 2014 Ebola Virus Outbreak and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases Inform: A 3-pronged Approach to Management of Public Health Emergencies Ebola Virus Disease: Essential Identify-Isolate-Inform: Zika Virus Detection and Management Public Health Principles for Clinicians Identify-Isolate-Inform: A Tool for Initial Detection and Management of Measles Patients in the Emergency Department Identify-Isolate-Inform: A modified tool for initial detection and management of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome patients in the emergency department WHO Emergency Preparedness and Response. Zika virus disease will likely have substantially less direct impact on ED operations than other emerging infectious diseases such as the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic and 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak. keywords: disease; health; infection; patients; tool; transmission; virus; zika cache: cord-336212-ueh4q408.txt plain text: cord-336212-ueh4q408.txt item: #1046 of 1203 id: cord-336225-ijodhrwf author: Chang, Mee Soo title: Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: Tick-Mediated Viral Disease date: 2013-06-03 words: 1380 flesch: 57 summary: SFTS virus was transferred by the tick, H. longicornis. In blood of the patient in our country who died in 2012, SFTS virus was identified (1). keywords: disease; human; sfts; virus cache: cord-336225-ijodhrwf.txt plain text: cord-336225-ijodhrwf.txt item: #1047 of 1203 id: cord-336447-hpnkou41 author: Pitlik, Silvio Daniel title: COVID-19 Compared to Other Pandemic Diseases date: 2020-07-31 words: 6150 flesch: 44 summary: 87, 88 Readers can visit these sites to access updates regarding ongoing developments related to COVID-19 vaccines and treatments. Excess mortality estimation during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary data from Portugal Diagnostic performance of COVID-19 serology assays Cholera and the water supply in the South districts of London UCLA Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health New insights on the emergence of cholera in Latin America during 1991: the Peruvian experience Impact of complete lockdown on total infection and death rates: a hierarchical cluster analysis The Jenner Society and the Edward Jenner Museum: tributes to a physicianscientist Smallpox vaccines for biodefense Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 -preliminary report Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 Economics in the Age of COVID-19 The economic impact of COVID-19 COVID-19: in the footsteps of Ernest Shackleton Coronavirus drug and treatment tracker Coronavirus vaccine tracker. keywords: cases; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; history; human; new; number; pandemic; sars; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt plain text: cord-336447-hpnkou41.txt item: #1048 of 1203 id: cord-336493-ggo9wsrm author: Huang, Stephen S. H. title: Immunity toward H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin of historical and contemporary strains suggests protection and vaccine failure date: 2013-04-23 words: 6449 flesch: 37 summary: To date, little is known about the immune and clinical response to H1N1 influenza viruses of the past 100 years and how the H1N1 subtype genetic drift and shift affected immune crossreactivity. A H1N1 infection in England: a cross-sectional serological study In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses Sequential Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus Infections Protect Ferrets Against Novel 2009 H1N1 Influenza The effect of priming with H1N1 influenza viruses of variable antigenic distance on challenge with 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus Failure of influenza vaccine to prevent two successive outbreaks of influenza A H1N1 in a school community The ferret as a model organism to study influenza A virus infection Cloning, expression and characterization of ferret CXCL10 Understanding original antigenic sin in influenza with a dynamical system Assessment of signs of influenza illness in the ferret model MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0 keywords: analysis; antigenic; cross; evolution; ferrets; h1n1; infection; influenza; pandemic; strains; virus; viruses cache: cord-336493-ggo9wsrm.txt plain text: cord-336493-ggo9wsrm.txt item: #1049 of 1203 id: cord-336510-qzm9wgde author: Ellermann-Eriksen, Svend title: Macrophages and cytokines in the early defence against herpes simplex virus date: 2005-08-03 words: 20078 flesch: 41 summary: During HSV infection macrophages are activated and possess an increased antiviral potential Occurrence in an adult with pemphigus vulgaris Herpes simplex virus infections Acute hepatitis due to Herpes simplex virus in an adult Disseminated herpes simplex in pregnancy: two cases and a review Herpesvirus hominis type 2 meningoencephalitis following renal transplantation The acquisition of herpes simplex virus during pregnancy Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection in relation to asymptomatic maternal infection at the time of labor Herpes simplex virus infections of women and their offspring: implications for a developed society Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections: is there a role for immunoglobulin in disease prevention and therapy? Type-specific antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus type 2(HSV-2) glycoprotein G in pregnant women, infants exposed to maternal HSV-2 infection at delivery, and infants with Neonatal Herpes Low risk of herpes simplex virus infections in neonates exposed to the virus at the time of vaginal delivery to mothers with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus infections Neonatal herpes simplex infection Safety and efficacy of highdose intravenous acyclovir in the management of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections Natural history of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in the acyclovir era Advances in the treatment of neonatal herpes simplex infections HSV-2 replication sites, monocyte and lymphocytic cell infection and virion phagocytosis by neutrophils, in vesicular lesions on penile skin. keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; cells; effect; factor; herpes; hsv; hsv infection; ifn; il-12; induction; infection; interferon; macrophages; mechanisms; mice; production; replication; response; simplex; system; tnf; type; virus; virus type cache: cord-336510-qzm9wgde.txt plain text: cord-336510-qzm9wgde.txt item: #1050 of 1203 id: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k author: Singh, Thakur Uttam title: Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19 date: 2020-09-05 words: 13068 flesch: 39 summary: Further, darunavir has been used (600 mg tablet every 12 h) along with other anti-viral drugs and supportive therapy in the clinical management of COVID-19 patients presented with a range of MEWS from less than 3 to more than 4 in Italy [33] . Hydroxychloroquine phosphate (400 mg tablet every 12 h as a loading dose followed 200 mg tablet every 12 h for 10 days) or chloroquine phosphate (250 mg of two tablet every 12 h for 10 days) along with other anti-viral drugs and supportive therapy have been used in the clinical management of COVID-19 patients presented with a range of MEWS from less than 3 to more than 4 in Italy keywords: antiviral; arbidol; clinical; coronavirus; cov2; covid-19; disease; dose; drug; effects; hydroxychloroquine; infection; inhibitors; interferon; lopinavir; patients; protease; remdesivir; ribavirin; ritonavir; sars; study; therapy; tocilizumab; treatment; trial; use cache: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt plain text: cord-336554-n8n5ii5k.txt item: #1051 of 1203 id: cord-336929-2rnkotqy author: Vieira, Flávia Sarmento title: Host‐cell lipid rafts: a safe door for micro‐organisms? date: 2012-01-03 words: 9931 flesch: 29 summary: However, in vivo, TCR does not constitutively reside in membrane lipid rafts. C1845 promotes cytoskeletal F-actin rearrangements in cultured human intestinal INT407 cells Local actin polymerization and dynamin recruitment in SV40-induced internalization of caveolae ATP acts as an agonist to promote stimulus-induced secretion of IL-1b and IL-18 in human blood Hide, shield and strike back: how HIV-infected cells avoid immune eradication Lipid rafts and pseudotyping Membrane lipid organization is critical for human neutrophil polarization Lipid rafts: bringing order to chaos The challenge of lipid rafts H-ras, K-ras, and inner plasma membrane raft proteins operate in nanoclusters with differential dependence on the actin cytoskeleton Association of MHC class II-peptide complexes with plasma membrane lipid microdomains The effect of raft lipid depletion on microvilli formation in MDCK cells, visualized by atomic force microscopy Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 uses lipid raft-colocalized CD4 and chemokine receptors for productive entry into CD4 + T cells Antigen presentation capacity of murine macrophages infected with Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes Cholesterol is required for Leishmania donovani infection: implications in leishmaniasis Use of Forster's resonance energy transfer microscopy to study lipid rafts Human immunodeficiency virus and host cell lipids. keywords: activation; assembly; caveolae; cell; cholesterol; entry; et al; host; infection; interaction; lipid; lipid rafts; macrophages; membrane; microdomains; molecules; pathogens; plasma; proteins; rafts; receptor; role; signalling; virus; viruses cache: cord-336929-2rnkotqy.txt plain text: cord-336929-2rnkotqy.txt item: #1052 of 1203 id: cord-336948-8yqdhcnz author: Löhner, Rainald title: Detailed simulation of viral propagation in the built environment date: 2020-08-05 words: 5703 flesch: 45 summary: In order to prevent this, the changes in particle velocities and temperatures are limited in order not to exceed the differences in velocities and temperature between the particles and the fluid [70] . Multistage explicit advective prediction for projection-type incompressible flow solvers Comparison of coarse and fine mesh 3-D Euler predictions for blast loads on generic building configurations Optimal placement of sensors for contaminant detection based on detailed 3-D CFD simulations Improving the speed and accuracy of projection-type incompressible flow solvers On the simulation of flows with violent free surface motion Simulation of flows with violent free surface motion and moving objects using unstructured grids Applied CFD techniques Improvements in speed for explicit, transient compressible flow solvers Adaptive embedded and immersed unstructured grid techniques Timings of FEFLO on the SGI-ICE machines Semi-automatic porting if a general fortran CFD code to GPUs: the difficult modules Deflated preconditioned conjugate gradient solvers for the pressure-Poisson equation: extensions and improvements F2GPU-a general fortran to GPU translator On meshparticle techniques Tightly coupled computational fluid and crowd dynamics Droplet expulsion from the respiratory tract Edge-based finite element scheme for the Euler equations Implicit finite element schemes and boundary conditions for compressible flows on unstructured grids An accurate, fast, matrix-free implicit method for computing unsteady flows on unstructured grids A class of matrixfree implicit methods for compressible flows on unstructured grids A fast, matrix-free implicit method for computing low mach number flows on unstructured grids Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks Simulation of flow past complex geometries using a parallel implicit incompressible flow solver A parallel implicit incompressible flow solver using unstructured meshes Computation of unsteady flow past deforming geometries Firstprinciples blast diffraction simulations on a notebook: accuracy, resolution and turn-around issues Boundary layer theory Implementation of untructured grid GMRES+LU-SGS method on shared-memory, cache-based parallel computers Adjoint-based design of shock mitigation devices Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises Observing and quantifying airflows in the infection control of aerosol-and airborne-transmitted diseases: an overview of approaches Airflow dynamics of coughing in healthy human volunteers by shadowgraph imaging: an aid to aerosol infection control Airflow dynamics of human jets: sneezing and breathing-potential sources of infectious aerosols High infectivity and pathogenicity of influenza a virus via aerosol and droplet transmission Combination of body-fitted and embedded grids for external vehicle aerodynamics Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study Numerical modeling of long-duration blast wave evolution in confined facilities Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 Airborne spread of infectious agents in the indoor environment How far droplets can move in indoor environments-revisiting the wells evaporation-falling curve Optimal sensor placement for airborne contaminant detection in an aircraft cabin Numerical simulation of coughed droplets in conference room Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations keywords: air; distribution; equations; flow; fluid; number; numerical; order; particle; simulation; velocity; virus cache: cord-336948-8yqdhcnz.txt plain text: cord-336948-8yqdhcnz.txt item: #1053 of 1203 id: cord-337149-cjon7ihb author: Van Vliet, Kim M. title: The Role of the Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid in Gene Transfer date: 2008 words: 10812 flesch: 43 summary: [197] In the near future, customized AAV gene therapy vectors may consist of modified capsids that allow for specific targeting to treat patients with various diseases. Several approaches have been undertaken in an effort to target AAV vectors to specific cell types, including utilizing natural serotypes that target a desired cellular receptor, producing pseudotyped vectors, and engineering chimeric and mosaic AAV capsids. keywords: aav; aav1; aav2; aav5; adeno; binding; capsid; cells; column; delivery; expression; gene; human; production; purification; recombinant; serotype; therapy; transduction; transfer; vectors; virus cache: cord-337149-cjon7ihb.txt plain text: cord-337149-cjon7ihb.txt item: #1054 of 1203 id: cord-337285-t6qr41wc author: Ikeda, Masanori title: Modulation of host metabolism as a target of new antivirals() date: 2007-10-10 words: 8192 flesch: 43 summary: Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome Prevalence of antibody against non-A, non-B hepatitis virus in Japanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma Global surveillance and control of hepatitis C, Report of a WHO Consultation organized in collaboration with the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: past, present, and future Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro A critical role for the chimpanzee model in the study of hepatitis C Transmission of hepatitis C virus infection to tree shrews Toward a surrogate model for hepatitis C virus: An infectious molecular clone of the GB virus-B hepatitis agent Development of a GB virus B marmoset model and its validation with a novel series of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease inhibitors Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers Recent advances in the analysis of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase Structure and function of the hepatitis C virus NS3-NS4A serine proteinase Discovery of SCH446211 (SCH6): a new ketoamide inhibitor of the HCV NS3 serine protease and HCV subgenomic RNA replication In vitro antiviral activity of SCH446211 (SCH6), a novel inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease Discovery of (1R,5S VX-950, a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A protease inhibitor, exhibits potent antiviral activities in HCV replicon cells Rapid decline of viral RNA in hepatitis C patients treated with VX-950: a phase Ib, placebo-controlled, randomized study An NS3 protease inhibitor with antiviral effects in humans infected with hepatitis C virus Synthesis and pharmacokinetics of valopicitabine (NM283), an efficient prodrug of the potent anti-HCV agent 2′-Cmethylcytidine Clearance of replicating hepatitis C virus replicon RNAs in cell culture by small interfering RNAs Interference of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by short interfering RNAs Small interfering RNA targeted to hepatitis C virus 5′ nontranslated region exerts potent antiviral effect cDNA microarray analysis to compare HCV subgenomic replicon cells with their cured cells NIM811, a cyclophilin inhibitor, exhibits potent in vitro activity against hepatitis C virus alone or in combination with alpha interferon Cyclophilin B is a functional regulator of hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase Cyclosporin A suppresses replication of hepatitis C virus genome in cultured hepatocytes Specific inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication by cyclosporin A Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by cyclosporin a is mediated by blockade of cyclophilins Diverse effects of cyclosporine on hepatitis C virus strain replication Evaluation of the anti-hepatitis C virus effects of cyclophilin inhibitors, cyclosporin A, and NIM811 The non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin DEBIO-025 is a potent inhibitor of hepatitis C virus replication in vitro Combined interferon alpha2b and cyclosporin The effect of ribavirin and IMPDH inhibitors on hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon RNA Glycosylation of hepatitis C virus envelope proteins Antiviral effect of alphaglucosidase inhibitors on viral morphogenesis and binding properties of hepatitis C virus-like particles S-Adenosylmethionine and betaine correct hepatitis C virus induced inhibition of interferon signaling in vitro Anti-HCV activities of selective polyunsaturated fatty acids Oral prostaglandin (PGE2) therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B and C Regulation of interferon regulatory factor-3 by the hepatitis C virus serine protease Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus Genetic variation and dynamics of hepatitis C virus replicons in long-term cell culture Comprehensive analysis of the effects of ordinary nutrients on hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture keywords: activity; cell; culture; hcv; hcv rna; hepatitis; ifn; proteins; replication; replicon; ribavirin; rna; rna replication; system; virus cache: cord-337285-t6qr41wc.txt plain text: cord-337285-t6qr41wc.txt item: #1055 of 1203 id: cord-337361-salby0fu author: Bujarski, Jozef J. title: Genetic recombination in plant-infecting messenger-sense RNA viruses: overview and research perspectives date: 2013-03-26 words: 6867 flesch: 30 summary: From an evolutionary stand point, it is not known how RNA viruses parasitize new host species via recombination, nor is it obvious what the contribution of RNA recombination is among other RNA modification pathways. We do not understand why the frequency of RNA recombination varies so much among RNA viruses and the status of RNA recombination as a form of sex is not well documented. keywords: bmv; events; factors; genome; host; mechanisms; plant; recombination; replicase; replication; rna; rnas; sequences; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-337361-salby0fu.txt plain text: cord-337361-salby0fu.txt item: #1056 of 1203 id: cord-337577-dqikrmk7 author: Greenberg, Harry B. title: Vaccination against Viruses date: 2016-05-09 words: 4793 flesch: 19 summary: Influenza vaccines must change composition on an almost annual basis to track antigenic drift or shift, and the vaccine varies considerably in effectiveness from year to year depending in part on the accuracy of the antigenic match between the vaccine and circulating strains. Even absent the ability to suffice as the primary basis for influenza vaccines, conserved targets of T cell effectors may prove useful supplements to increase the breadth of coverage by vaccines that also include targets of more potently protective, strain-specific humoral immunity (Antrobus et al., 2014) . keywords: antibody; cell; development; et al; immunity; immunization; influenza; protection; response; vaccine; virus cache: cord-337577-dqikrmk7.txt plain text: cord-337577-dqikrmk7.txt item: #1057 of 1203 id: cord-337659-x4oywbrj author: Wilson, Brenda A. title: Global biosecurity in a complex, dynamic world date: 2008-07-31 words: 10629 flesch: 38 summary: Pollution and exposure to waste water or sewage can also lead to the emergence of new diseases. The Global Alert and Response Network (GOARN) was established in 2000 by WHO as a partnership of >140 institutions and networks to mobilize human and technical resources for the rapid identification and control of disease outbreaks that are of international importance [88] . keywords: animals; biosecurity; cholera; deaths; disease; drug; epidemic; food; global; health; hiv; human; new; outbreak; public; resistance; response; spread; transmission; u.s; virus; world cache: cord-337659-x4oywbrj.txt plain text: cord-337659-x4oywbrj.txt item: #1058 of 1203 id: cord-337673-1nau263l author: Wu, Chang-Jer title: Antiviral applications of RNAi for coronavirus date: 2006-01-24 words: 4333 flesch: 45 summary: The final structural protein, N protein, with a molecular mass of 50 -60 kDa, probably associates with viral RNA to form a long and flexible helical nucleocapsid These plasmids were also able to block viral replication, as shown by both the titre and levels of viral RNA and protein. keywords: cells; coronavirus; cov; expression; gene; protein; rna; rnai; sars; sirna; virus cache: cord-337673-1nau263l.txt plain text: cord-337673-1nau263l.txt item: #1059 of 1203 id: cord-337712-ylqgraos author: Heinz, Franz X. title: Profile of SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-10-30 words: 6044 flesch: 34 summary: The newly made experiences with COVID-19 underpin our lack of a detailed understanding of pathogenesis of virus infections in general and will certainly provide a new impetus for research into this fascinating area of virus-host interactions. In 2002, the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 in China and its global spread caused a first coronavirus-related human health crisis of international concern [5] . keywords: ace2; cells; coronaviruses; cov-2; covid-19; human; immunity; infection; protein; receptor; responses; sars; vaccines; virus cache: cord-337712-ylqgraos.txt plain text: cord-337712-ylqgraos.txt item: #1060 of 1203 id: cord-337914-1hwnxkdd author: Ehlkes, L. title: Epidemiologie des Ebolafiebers und anderer, in Deutschland seltener hochkontagiöser, lebensbedrohlicher Erkrankungen date: 2015-05-22 words: 2989 flesch: 49 summary: Klinische Prüfungen für eine von der WHO zur Verfügung gestellte Impfung Apart from sporadic exported cases Bei der Behandlung der Patienten sollte Einwegmaterial verwendet werden, das nach Benutzung sicher entsorgt (z. B. verbrannt) wird. keywords: auf; bei; congo; das; den; der; des; die; disease; ebola; ebolavirus; fever; health; ist; lassa; mit; organisation; sind; und; virus; von; werden; world; zur cache: cord-337914-1hwnxkdd.txt plain text: cord-337914-1hwnxkdd.txt item: #1061 of 1203 id: cord-338081-ggw5l1qm author: Gorbalenya, Alexander E. title: Phylogeny of Viruses date: 2017-06-26 words: 3639 flesch: 36 summary: For viruses with small genomes or for a diverse set of viruses, it is common practice to use a single gene to infer virus phylogeny. Geographic distribution of places of virus isolation is another important characteristic relative to which virus phylogeny may be evaluated. keywords: analysis; evolution; fig; phylogeny; species; tree; virus; viruses cache: cord-338081-ggw5l1qm.txt plain text: cord-338081-ggw5l1qm.txt item: #1062 of 1203 id: cord-338083-77re4l0w author: Bolin, Steven R. title: Origination and consequences of bovine viral diarrhea virus diversity date: 2005-03-04 words: 6749 flesch: 39 summary: The causative agent of BVD: its epidemiology and pathogenesis Thrombocytopenia and hemorrhages in veal calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus Thrombocytopenia associated with acute bovine virus diarrhea infection in cattle Phylogenetic, antigenic and clinical characterization of type 2 BVDV from North America Immunology of bovine viral diarrhea virus Differences in virulence between two noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses in calves The effect of different bovine viral diarrhea virus genotypes and biotypes on the metabolic activity and activation status of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells Relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestation in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection Comparative virulence of isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus type II in experimentally inoculated sixto nine-month-old calves Role of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the bovine respiratory disease complex Experimental production of bovine respiratory tract disease with bovine viral diarrhea virus Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on the distribution of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in calves Effect of concurrent experimentally induced bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on respiratory tract and enteric diseases in calves Comparison of the pneumopathogenicity of two strains of bovine viral diarrhea virus Differences in experimental virulence of bovine viral diarrhoea viral strains isolated from haemorrhagic syndromes Development of a fetal challenge method for the evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines Variation in neuropathogenicity in sheep fetuses transplacentally infected with non-cytopathogenic and cytopathogenic biotypes of bovine-virus diarrhoea virus BVDV fetal infection with selected isolates. Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections also have been associated with concurrent salmonellosis, Escherichia coli, bovine papular stomatitis, rotavirus, and coronavirus infections. keywords: bovine; bvdv; cattle; diarrhea; disease; infection; isolates; rna; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-338083-77re4l0w.txt plain text: cord-338083-77re4l0w.txt item: #1063 of 1203 id: cord-338331-27ic5zen author: Boulagnon, Camille title: Influenza A/H1N1 (2009) Infection as a Cause of Unexpected Out‐of‐Hospital Death in the Young date: 2012-05-14 words: 2730 flesch: 43 summary: In March 2009, infections caused by a new swine-origin influenza A ⁄ H1N1 virus were diagnosed in Mexico and the United States (4). Influenza A ⁄ H1N1 (2009)-related myocarditis was assessed as the cause of two reported unexpected out-of-hospital deaths (2, 6) . keywords: death; h1n1; influenza; myocarditis; virus cache: cord-338331-27ic5zen.txt plain text: cord-338331-27ic5zen.txt item: #1064 of 1203 id: cord-338400-30vl2hks author: Epstein, Jonathan H. title: Identification of GBV-D, a Novel GB-like Flavivirus from Old World Frugivorous Bats (Pteropus giganteus) in Bangladesh date: 2010-07-01 words: 4667 flesch: 44 summary: Entebbe bat virus was used as an outgroup; distance in substitutions per site is indicated by scale bars; percent bootstrap support for values greater than 85% is indicated at respective nodes. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0 Full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype Cinfected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination Flavivirus genome organization, expression, and replication Processing in the Hepatitis-C virus E2-N2 region -identification of P7 and 2 Distinct E2-specific products with different C-termini Hepatitis-C virus glycoprotein E2 products with different C-termini Signal peptide cleavage and internal targeting signals direct the hepatitis C virus p7 protein to distinct intracellular membranes Characterization of GB virus B polyprotein processing reveals the existence of a novel 13-kDa protein with partial homology to hepatitis C virus p7 protein Functional analyses of GB virus B p13 protein: Development of a recombinant GB virus B hepatitis virus with a p7 protein Hepatitis G virus encodes protease activities which can effect processing of the virus putative nonstructural proteins The modeled structure of the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of GBV-C Virus suggests a role for motif E in Flaviviridae RNA polymerases The phylogeny of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of positive-strand RNA viruses Identification of 4 conserved motifs among the RNA-dependent polymerase encoding elements Rift-Valley Fever virus L-segment -correction of the sequence and possible functional role of newly identified regions conserved in RNA-dependent polymerases Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus NS5A nonstructural protein: A new paradigm for phosphorylation-dependent viral RNA replication Src homology 3 domain of hepatitis C virus NS5A protein interacts with Bin1 and is important for apoptosis and infectivity How hepatitis C virus counteracts the interferon response: The jury is still out on NS5A NS5A, a nonstructural protein of hepatitis C virus, binds growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 adaptor protein in a Src homology 3 domain/ligand-dependent manner and perturbs mitogenic signaling RNA translocation and unwinding mechanism of HCVNS3 helicase and its coordination by ATP GB virus B and hepatitis C virus NS3 serine proteases share substrate specificity The NS3/4A proteinase of the hepatitis C virus: unravelling structure and function of an unusual enzyme and a prime target for antiviral therapy Molecular and serologic analysis in the transmission of the GB hepatitis agents Diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic injury. keywords: bangladesh; bats; gbv; giganteus; hepatitis; humans; protein; rna; sequence; serum; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-338400-30vl2hks.txt plain text: cord-338400-30vl2hks.txt item: #1065 of 1203 id: cord-338727-1kodz527 author: Ilinskaya, O. N. title: Ribonucleases as antiviral agents date: 2014-10-11 words: 4605 flesch: 37 summary: Furthermore, it has been found that siRNAs specific to a conserved region of influenza virus RNA introduced into a cell decreased the titer of the virus The study of the molecular mechanism of the action of antiviral RNases is undoubtedly an urgent task, the solution of which may promote the develop ment of novel antiviral preparations capable of pro tecting the organism independently of changes in the virus genome. keywords: activity; binase; cell; domain; effect; human; infection; influenza; protein; replication; ribonuclease; rnase; virus; viruses cache: cord-338727-1kodz527.txt plain text: cord-338727-1kodz527.txt item: #1066 of 1203 id: cord-338737-phv12m1q author: Amor, A. title: Infecciones víricas. Clasificación. Infecciones por virus herpes date: 2006-06-30 words: 4807 flesch: 45 summary: En el sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico el tratamiento principal es el de la infección por el VIH con terapia antirretroviral de gran eficacia. El sistema de clasificación de virus ha sido establecido por el Internacional Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) que utiliza 5 niveles jerárquicos: orden, familia, subfamilia, género y especie. keywords: afectación; anticuerpos; casos; como; con; cuadro; del; detección; diagnóstico; general; habitualmente; herpes; infecciones; infección; las; lesiones; los; más; pacientes; para; por; primoinfección; produce; puede; que; ser; son; tras; una; varicela; virus cache: cord-338737-phv12m1q.txt plain text: cord-338737-phv12m1q.txt item: #1067 of 1203 id: cord-338804-nreqluol author: Heise, M.T. title: Viral Pathogenesis date: 2014-11-28 words: 6419 flesch: 22 summary: Though there is evidence that the host immune response exacerbates virus induced disease during both Sindbis virus and VEE infection (Rowell and Griffin, 2002; Kimura and Griffin, 2003; Charles et al., 2001) , in the case of VEE, mice lacking a functional adaptive immune system still succumb to virus-induced disease (Charles et al., 2001) , suggesting the direct cell killing by the virus contributes to disease pathogenesis. These results further reinforce the idea that virus receptor interactions play a crucial role in determining whether the virus can efficiently infect the host and ultimately cause disease. keywords: cell; disease; host; immune; infection; interactions; interferon; type; virus; viruses cache: cord-338804-nreqluol.txt plain text: cord-338804-nreqluol.txt item: #1068 of 1203 id: cord-339062-tq0f6d01 author: Weaver, Scott C. title: Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease date: 2004 words: 7331 flesch: 36 summary: VEE Study Group Association of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE with two equine epizootics in Mexico El virus de la encephalitis equina de Venezuela como determinante de infecciones en humanos, descripción de un caso fatal ocurrido en Jaltipán Veracruz en 1965 Venezuelan equine encephalitis This landmark paper established the antigenic relationships of enzootic and epizootic strains of VEEVs and provided the framework for future genetic studies that identified the origins of outbreaks Genetic variation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strains of the ID variety in Colombia Genetic evidence that epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses may have evolved from enzootic VEE subtype I-D virus This paper provides the first phylogenetic evidence that epizootic strains of VEEV have evolved repeatedly from enzootic subtype ID progenitors Potential sources of the 1995 Venezuelan equine encephalitis subtype IC epidemic Genetic and phenotypic changes accompanying the emergence of epizootic subtype IC Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses from an enzootic subtype ID progenitor Variants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus that resist neutralization define a domain of the E2 glycoprotein Positively charged amino acid substitutions in the E2 envelope glycoprotein are associated with the emergence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Origin and evolution of viruses Geographic distribution of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE genotypes in Central America and Mexico Equine amplification and virulence of subtype IE Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses isolated during the 1993 and 1996 Mexican epizootics Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: Enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein Natural enzootic vectors of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya Vector competence of mosquitoes as a marker to distinguish Central American and Mexican epizootic from enzootic strains of Venezuelan encephalitis virus Vector infection determinants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus reside within the E2 envelope glycoprotein Virological and serological studies of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in humans The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections Western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus Epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis Isolation of Japanese epidemic encephalitis from mosquitoes caught in nature This paper is one of a series of ten papers that describes the ecology Japanese encephalitis virus isolated from seven species of mosquitoes collected at Semarang Regency, Central Java Genetic variation of Japanese encephalitis virus in nature A new genotype of Japanese encephalitis virus from Indonesia Studies on the antigenic structure of Japanese encephalitis virus using monoclonal antibodies Complete nucleotide sequence of the Japanese encephalitis virus genome RNA Origins, evolution, and vector/host coadaptations within the genus Flavivirus keywords: emergence; encephalitis; enzootic; epizootic; equine; hosts; human; jev; mosquito; strains; studies; veev; venezuelan; virus; viruses cache: cord-339062-tq0f6d01.txt plain text: cord-339062-tq0f6d01.txt item: #1069 of 1203 id: cord-339152-wfakzb6w author: Trovato, Maria title: Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies date: 2020-09-03 words: 12011 flesch: 23 summary: United States patent US 20120141520 Advanced oxidation technology for the development of a next-generation inactivated West Nile virus vaccine Replication-defective West Nile virus with NS1 deletion as a new vaccine platform for flavivirus Zika virus associated with microcephaly A single-dose live-attenuated vaccine prevents Zika virus pregnancy transmission and testis damage A live-attenuated Zika virus vaccine candidate induces sterilizing immunity in mouse models A vaccine based on a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector expressing Zika virus structural proteins controls Zika virus replication in mice Construction and evaluation of novel rhesus monkey adenovirus vaccine vectors Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys Preventative vaccines for Zika virus outbreak: preliminary evaluation Recent advances in Zika virus vaccines Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two Zika virus DNA vaccine candidates in healthy adults: randomised, open-label, phase 1 clinical trials Comparison of the virulent Asibi strain of yellow fever virus with the 17D vaccine strain derived from it Live attenuated yellow fever 17D vaccine: a legacy vaccine still controlling outbreaks in modern day Development of Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine From research to phase III: preclinical, industrial and clinical development of the Sanofi Pasteur tetravalent dengue vaccine Pathogenesis of dengue: challenges to molecular biology Antibody-dependent enhancement of severe dengue disease in humans Dengue: status of current and under-development vaccines Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine MV-CHIK: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial Recent progress in vaccine development against Chikungunya virus Effective vaccine for lassa fever Vaccine platforms for the prevention of Lassa fever Vaccines inducing immunity to Lassa virus glycoprotein and nucleoprotein protect macaques after a single shot Isolation of marburg-like virus from a case of haemorrhagic fever in Zaire Vaccines against Ebola virus A review of Phase I trials of Ebola virus vaccines: what can we learn from the race to develop novel vaccines Viruslike particle vaccination protects nonhuman primates from lethal aerosol exposure with marburgvirus (VLP Vaccination Protects Macaques against Aerosol Challenges) Studies for the development of a safer vaccine are still ongoing, and candidate vaccines include a tetravalent Dengue purified inactivated virus vaccine, currently in phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02421367), and two live attenuated tetravalent chimeric TDV (DENVax), and keywords: antibodies; antibody; cell; coronavirus; cov-2; dengue; development; diseases; human; immunity; infection; influenza; mers; new; outbreak; protein; receptor; recombinant; responses; sars; vaccination; vaccine; vector; virus; viruses cache: cord-339152-wfakzb6w.txt plain text: cord-339152-wfakzb6w.txt item: #1070 of 1203 id: cord-339172-210dwhgj author: Knoops, Kèvin title: SARS-Coronavirus Replication Is Supported by a Reticulovesicular Network of Modified Endoplasmic Reticulum date: 2008-09-16 words: 9958 flesch: 39 summary: For MHV, based on IF microscopy studies using the nsp13 helicase and viral membrane (M) protein as markers for RTCs and virus assembly sites [21] , respectively, such a connection was previously proposed [54] , but could not be corroborated in our studies using the same protein markers in SARS-CoV-infected cells [28] . Alternatively, the conspicuous absence of ribosomes from DMV inner membranes lends some credibility to a scenario involving a preformed inner vesicle derived from another membrane source. keywords: cells; coronavirus; cov; dmvs; dsrna; figure; inner; membrane; outer; replicase; replication; rna; sars; structures; synthesis; vesicles; virus cache: cord-339172-210dwhgj.txt plain text: cord-339172-210dwhgj.txt item: #1071 of 1203 id: cord-339209-oe8onyr9 author: Vasilakis, Nikos title: Mesoniviruses are mosquito-specific viruses with extensive geographic distribution and host range date: 2014-05-20 words: 5821 flesch: 41 summary: Mesoniviridae: a proposed new family in the order Nidovirales formed by a single species of mosquito-borne viruses Examining landscape factors influencing relative distribution of mosquito genera and frequency of virus infection Discovery of the first insect nidovirus, a missing evolutionary link in the emergence of the largest RNA virus genomes An insect nidovirus emerging from a primary tropical rainforest Identification and characterization of genetically divergent members of the newly established family mesoniviridae Molecular biology and pathogenesis of roniviruses A new nidovirus (NamDinh virus NDiV): its ultrastructural characterization in the C6/36 mosquito cell line A new species of mesonivirus from the northern territory, australia Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy Rtips: fast and accurate tools for RNA 2D structure prediction using integer programming A Wolbachia symbiont in Aedes aegypti limits infection with dengue, Chikungunya, and Plasmodium The relative importance of innate immune priming in Wolbachia-mediated dengue interference The native Wolbachia endosymbionts of Drosophila melanogaster and Culex quinquefasciatus increase host resistance to West Nile virus infection Negevirus: a proposed new taxon of insect-specific viruses with wide geographic distribution The footprint of genome architecture in the largest genome expansion in RNA viruses Isolation of a Singh's Aedes albopictus cell clone sensitive to dengue and Chikungunya viruses SMART 7: recent updates to the protein domain annotation resource SMART, a simple modular architecture research tool: identification of signaling domains MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0 TREE-PUZZLE: maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing SSE: a nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis platform Mesoniviruses are mosquito-specific viruses with extensive geographic distribution and host range Additional file 5: Figure S5 . The compiled sequences had their relationship to other viruses determined by a BLASTX search. keywords: alignment; analysis; conserved; domains; figure; genome; isolates; mesoniviruses; ndiv; orf1a; region; sequence; species; structure cache: cord-339209-oe8onyr9.txt plain text: cord-339209-oe8onyr9.txt item: #1072 of 1203 id: cord-339230-cc7gcy5b author: Smith, Amber M. title: Secondary Bacterial Infections in Influenza Virus Infection Pathogenesis date: 2014-07-16 words: 10415 flesch: 21 summary: This led to the first animal studies confirming that bacteria contribute to disease during influenza virus infections by using filtered and unfiltered human sputum (Wherry and Butterfield 1921) . Numerous alterations of the respiratory epithelium and host immune responses occur during influenza virus infection that predisposes a host to coinfection with bacterial pathogens. keywords: bacteria; cells; coinfections; disease; et al; host; infection; influenza; lung; mccullers; mice; models; pathogens; pb1; pneumococcal; pneumonia; responses; streptococcus; virus; viruses cache: cord-339230-cc7gcy5b.txt plain text: cord-339230-cc7gcy5b.txt item: #1073 of 1203 id: cord-339288-y8woqsii author: Tews, Birke Andrea title: Self-Replicating RNA date: 2016-06-11 words: 7569 flesch: 38 summary: Due to the technical difficulties, RNA is not amenable to site specific manipulation so that reverse genetics systems for RNA viruses always rely on a cDNA intermediate The history of reverse genetic systems for positive strand RNA viruses highlights the pitfalls that may be encountered in the design of a reverse genetic system and show solutions how to circumvent these difficulties. keywords: cdna; cells; end; genome; replication; rna; sequences; strand; transcription; translation; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-339288-y8woqsii.txt plain text: cord-339288-y8woqsii.txt item: #1074 of 1203 id: cord-339382-ii4xurmr author: Bachofen, Claudia title: Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food date: 2018-03-21 words: 6539 flesch: 41 summary: Considering this fact, only relatively few outbreaks or cases of disease due to foodborne viruses are reported-in contrast to bacterial infections Furthermore, lacking awareness of clinicians [4] and a limitation of concerted surveillance programmes for foodborne viruses may contribute to underreporting [5] . keywords: animal; disease; foodborne; health; hepatitis; hev; human; infection; norovirus; nov; pigs; plant; porcine; species; transmission; viruses cache: cord-339382-ii4xurmr.txt plain text: cord-339382-ii4xurmr.txt item: #1075 of 1203 id: cord-339386-sxyeuiw1 author: McIntosh, Kenneth title: 157 Coronaviruses, Including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) date: 2015-12-31 words: 8508 flesch: 39 summary: Berlin Diarrhea/Wasting Syndrome Study Group Coronaviruslike particles and other agents in the faeces of children in Efate, Vanuatu Coronavirus-like particles in adults in Melbourne, Australia Coronaviruslike particles in human gastrointestinal disease: epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory observations An eight-year study of the viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans: ultrastructural observations and seasonal distribution with a major emphasis on coronavirus-like particles Isolation and characterization of current human coronavirus strains in primary human epithelia cultures reveals differences in target cell tropism Ultrastructure of human nasal epithelium during an episode of coronavirus infection Signs and symptoms in common colds Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirusassociated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study Detection of SARS-CoV RNA in stool samples of SARS patients by nest RT-PCR and its clinical value A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS Time course and cellular localization of SARS-CoV nucleoprotein and RNA in lungs from fatal cases of SARS Antigenic relationships amongst coronaviruses A case-control study of acute respiratory tract infection in general practice patients in The Netherlands Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study Coronavirus infection in acute lower respiratory tract disease of infants Genetic variability of human coronavirus OC43-, 229E-, and NL63-like strains and their association with lower respiratory tract infections of hospitalized infants and immunocompromised patients The association of viral and bacterial respiratory infections with exacerbations of wheezing in young asthmatic children Recurrent wheezy bronchitis and viral respiratory infections Detection of rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and coronavirus infections in acute otitis media by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Coronavirus infections in military recruits: three-year study with coronavirus strains OC43 and 229E Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults Pan-viral screening of respiratory tract infections in adults with and without asthma reveals unexpected human coronavirus and human rhinovirus diversity Rhinovirus and coronavirus infection-associated hospitalizations among older adults A prospective, community-based study on virologic assessment among elderly people with and without symptoms of acute respiratory infection Coronavirus 229E-related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients Clinical impact of community-acquired respiratory viruses on bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant Clinical impact of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 infection in diverse adult populations The United Kingdom public health response to an Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV from bench to bedside: an update on structural properties, functions, and clinical aspects of the enzyme DPP IV World Health Organization. Experience in a regional hospital in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome among children Severe acute respiratory syndrome: radiographic appearances and pattern of progression in 138 patients Imaging of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Severe acute respiratory syndrome: radiographic and CT findings Thin-section CT of severe acute respiratory syndrome: evaluation of 73 patients exposed to or with the disease Early enhanced expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 (CXCL-10) and other chemokines predicts adverse outcome in severe acute respiratory syndrome Interferon-mediated immunopathological events are associated with atypical innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Clinical presentations and outcome of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children Severe acute respiratory syndrome and pregnancy Viral discovery and sequence recovery using DNA microarrays Corona virus induced subacute demyelinating encephalomyelitis in rats: a morphological analysis Two coronaviruses isolated from central nervous system tissue of two multiple sclerosis patients Detection of coronavirus RNA and antigen in multiple sclerosis brain Human coronavirus gene expression in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients Long-term human coronavirus-myelin cross-reactive T-cell clones derived from multiple sclerosis patients Detection of coronavirus in the central nervous system of a child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis Diagnosis of human coronavirus infection by immunofluorescence: method and application to respiratory disease in hospitalized children Surveillance of community-acquired viral infections due to respiratory viruses in Rhone-Alpes (France) during winter 1994 to 1995 Clinical disease in children associated with newly described coronavirus subtypes Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction Development of a standard treatment protocol for severe acute respiratory syndrome Treatment and vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS: systematic review of treatment effects Pegylated interferon-alpha protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques Efficient replication of the novel human betacoronavirus EMC on primary human epithelium highlights its zoonotic potential Human cell tropism and innate immune system interactions of human respiratory coronavirus EMC compared to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus The spike protein of SARS-CoVa target for vaccine and therapeutic development keywords: children; coronavirus; cov; covs; disease; hcov; human; infection; mers; oc43; patients; respiratory; sars; severe; syndrome; syndrome coronavirus; viruses cache: cord-339386-sxyeuiw1.txt plain text: cord-339386-sxyeuiw1.txt item: #1076 of 1203 id: cord-339423-5qym9dsf author: Lina, B. title: Virus émergents ou menaces à répétition date: 2005-05-31 words: 2888 flesch: 56 summary: Il est caricatural de constater que dans les deux cas, les techniques appliquées pour l'identification de l'agent infectieux ont consisté à chaque fois à tenter de cultiver le virus sur lignée cellulaire, puis, après mise en culture, à faire la caractérisation à l'aide d'analyses phylogénétiques utilisant les techniques moléculaires modernes [5, 6] . Ce mécanisme conduit à l'émergence de nouveaux virus en partie adaptés pour l'homme. keywords: ces; dans; des; est; l'homme; les; pour; que; sont; virus; été cache: cord-339423-5qym9dsf.txt plain text: cord-339423-5qym9dsf.txt item: #1077 of 1203 id: cord-339744-xrit0w5i author: Feng, Bo title: Investigation of antiviral state mediated by interferon-inducible transmembrane protein 1 induced by H9N2 virus and inactivated viral particle in human endothelial cells date: 2017-11-03 words: 6320 flesch: 45 summary: Thus, it is valuable to reveal the pathogenesis of H9N2 influenza virus infection and the innate immune responses of host to the H9N2 viruses. Moreover, a recent study indicated that H9N2 influenza virus infection induces the expression of IFITM1 in lung, heart and liver in BALB/c mice keywords: cells; expression; group; h9n2; huvecs; ifitm1; infection; influenza; particle; sirna; virus cache: cord-339744-xrit0w5i.txt plain text: cord-339744-xrit0w5i.txt item: #1078 of 1203 id: cord-339854-scb7pz87 author: Overend, Christopher title: The synthetic futures of vesicular stomatitis virus date: 2012-07-11 words: 1090 flesch: 36 summary: Trends in Biotechnology October 2012, Vol. 30, No. 10 Synthetic viruses: a new opportunity to understand and prevent viral disease Vesicular stomatitis virus: re-inventing the bullet Vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola vaccine is well-tolerated and protects immunocompromised nonhuman primates Potent vesicular stomatitis virus-based avian influenza vaccines provide long-term sterilizing immunity against heterologous challenge Heterologous boosting of recombinant adenoviral prime immunization with a novel vesicular stomatitis virus-vectored tuberculosis vaccine Single-dose, virus-vectored vaccine protection against Yersinia pestis challenge: CD4(+) cells are required at the time of challenge for optimal protection Exponential enhancement of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus potency by vector-mediated suppression of inflammatory responses in vivo Neurovirulence properties of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors in non-human primates Peripheral immunization blocks lethal actions of vesicular stomatitis virus within the brain SARS vaccine based on a replicationdefective recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus is more potent than one based on a replication-competent vector Writing DNA with GenoCAD (TM) Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is one of the most promising viruses for engineering vaccines and oncolytic therapies [2] . keywords: challenge; vaccine; virus; vsv cache: cord-339854-scb7pz87.txt plain text: cord-339854-scb7pz87.txt item: #1079 of 1203 id: cord-339885-mpzgrogd author: Zhan, Yangqing title: Respiratory virus is a real pathogen in immunocompetent community-acquired pneumonia: comparing to influenza like illness and volunteer controls date: 2014-09-02 words: 3892 flesch: 42 summary: Compared with virus negative patients, sorethroat and fatigue was more common, leukocytosis and neutrophilia was less common in viral pneumonia patients, although fatigue and neutrophilia had no statistical significance. **Comparisons were made between virus positive patients and virus negative patients by non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test for quantitative characteristics and Fisher's exact or Chi-square test for categorical variables, respectively. keywords: cap; community; infection; influenza; patients; pneumonia; study; virus cache: cord-339885-mpzgrogd.txt plain text: cord-339885-mpzgrogd.txt item: #1080 of 1203 id: cord-339973-kj56zi59 author: Coleman, Kristen K. title: Bioaerosol Sampling for Respiratory Viruses in Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit Network date: 2018-11-30 words: 4779 flesch: 40 summary: key: cord-339973-kj56zi59 authors: Coleman, Kristen K.; Nguyen, Tham T.; Yadana, Su; Hansen-Estruch, Christophe; Lindsley, William G.; Gray, Gregory C. title: Bioaerosol Sampling for Respiratory Viruses in Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit Network date: 2018-11-30 journal: Sci Rep DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35896-1 sha: doc_id: 339973 cord_uid: kj56zi59 As a leading global city with a high population density, Singapore is at risk for the introduction of novel biological threats. In an effort to enhance respiratory virus surveillance in Singapore, our team conducted a pilot study employing a noninvasive bioaerosol sampling method to detect respiratory viruses in Singapore’s Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network. keywords: aerosol; bioaerosol; influenza; mrt; pcr; samples; sampling; singapore; study; time; virus; viruses cache: cord-339973-kj56zi59.txt plain text: cord-339973-kj56zi59.txt item: #1081 of 1203 id: cord-340042-intxyu46 author: Chaudhry, Sundas Nasir title: New insight on possible vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 date: 2020-09-11 words: 5470 flesch: 31 summary: A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vaccines: Lessons learned from SARS and MERS epidemic Coronavirus infections and immune responses SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses Coronavirus endoribonuclease activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus suppresses type I and type III interferon responses The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia calls for viral vaccines Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases The race for coronavirus vaccines: a graphical guide The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: a review SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen COVID-19 vaccine development pipeline gears up SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Viral genomics, epidemiology, vaccines, and therapeutic interventions The recombinant N-terminal domain of spike proteins is a potential vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 A preliminary study on serological assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 238 admitted hospital patients Vaccination strategies to combat novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 The ORF7b protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is expressed in virus-infected cells and incorporated into SARS-CoV particles Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices-United States, 2019-20 influenza season An oral live attenuated vaccine strategy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) Evolution and containment of transmissible recombinant vector vaccines Progress and prospects on vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2, Vaccines Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID-19 pandemic: history and mechanism mRNA as a transformative technology for vaccine development to control infectious diseases Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines Race for a Coronavirus Vaccine: Thanks in part to institutional support Moderna Therapeutics, and other developers are exploring diverse approaches against SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness Leveraging mRNAs sequences to express SARS-CoV-2 antigens in vivo The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice Characterization and preclinical evaluation of the cGMP grade DNA based vaccine, AV-1959D to enter the first-in-human clinical trials Engineering DNA vaccines against infectious diseases DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, doseescalation trial Design of a heterosubtypic epitope-based peptide vaccine fused with hemokinin-1 against influenza viruses The role of the proteasome in generating cytotoxic T-cell epitopes: insights obtained from improved predictions of proteasomal cleavage A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster Design of an Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Vaccine Informatics Approach Application of in-silico reverse vaccinology for designing multiepitope vaccine against Coronavirus Multi-epitope vaccine design using an immunoinformatics approach for 2019 novel coronavirus in China (SARS-CoV-2), bioRxiv The latest advancements in Zika virus vaccine development The Potency of an Anti-MERS Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine Depends on a Unique Combinatorial Adjuvant Formulation The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: an overview, Current tropical medicine reports Clover initiates development of recombinant subunit-trimer vaccine for wuhan coronavirus A translatable subunit nanovaccine for COVID-19 Design of a peptide-based subunit vaccine Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from lethal avian influenza A H5N1 infections Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits lung injury induced by respiratory syncytial virus Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in healthy human subjects Potent neutralization of 2019 novel coronavirus by recombinant ACE2-Ig Protection of Rhesus Macaque from SARS-Coronavirus challenge by recombinant adenovirus vaccine Comparative replication and immune activation profiles of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in human lungs: an ex vivo study with implications for the pathogenesis of COVID-19 Potential rapid diagnostics, vaccine and therapeutics for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV): a systematic review A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia Based on these points, the potential parts of S protein, which are used as antigens in immunization improvement, integrate the entire extent of this protein and vaccine development [57] . keywords: cell; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; development; immune; novel; protein; receptor; response; sars; spike; vaccine cache: cord-340042-intxyu46.txt plain text: cord-340042-intxyu46.txt item: #1082 of 1203 id: cord-340194-ibli36rq author: To, Kelvin K.W. title: Ebola virus disease: a highly fatal infectious disease reemerging in West Africa date: 2014-11-29 words: 8875 flesch: 47 summary: Are bats spreading Ebola across sub-Saharan Africa? Transmission of Ebola hemorrhagic fever: a study of risk factors in family members Assessment of the risk of Ebola virus transmission from bodily fluids and fomites Persistence and genetic stability of Ebola virus during the outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo The survival of filoviruses in liquids, on solid substrates and in a dynamic aerosol Ebola virus: from discovery to vaccine A case of Ebola virus infection Russian scientist dies after Ebola lab accident Viral haemorrhagic fevers in healthcare settings Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife Interspecies transmission and emergence of novel viruses: lessons from bats and birds Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus Human Ebola outbreak resulting from direct exposure to fruit bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats Reston Ebolavirus antibodies in bats, the Philippines Serological evidence of ebolavirus infection in bats, China Coexistence of different genotypes in the same bat and serological characterization of Rousettus bat coronavirus HKU9 belonging to a novel Betacoronavirus subgroup Recent transmission of a novel alphacoronavirus, bat coronavirus HKU10, from Leschenault's rousettes to pomona leaf-nosed bats: first evidence of interspecies transmission of coronavirus between bats of different suborders Identification and complete genome analysis of three novel paramyxoviruses, Tuhoko virus 1, 2 and 3, in fruit bats from China Reston virus in domestic pigs in China Serological evidence of Ebola virus infection in Indonesian orangutans Current perspectives on the phylogeny of Filoviridae Characterization of filoviruses based on differences in structure and antigenicity of the virion glycoprotein A new Ebola virus nonstructural glycoprotein expressed through RNA editing Mutational analysis of the putative fusion domain of Ebola virus glycoprotein A new player in the puzzle of filovirus entry Ebola virus enters host cells by macropinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis Small molecule inhibitors reveal Niemann-Pick C1 is essential for Ebola virus infection Structural rearrangement of ebola virus VP40 begets multiple functions in the virus life cycle Recovery of infectious Ebola virus from complementary DNA: RNA editing of the GP gene and viral cytotoxicity Identification of the Ebola virus glycoprotein as the main viral determinant of vascular cell cytotoxicity and injury Ebola virus glycoprotein: proteolytic processing, acylation, cell tropism, and detection of neutralizing antibodies Antigenic subversion: a novel mechanism of host immune evasion by Ebola virus Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane Ebola virus glycoproteins Evidence against Ebola virus sGP binding to human neutrophils by a specific receptor Effects of Ebola virus glycoproteins on endothelial cell activation and barrier function sGP serves as a structural protein in Ebola virus infection Molecular Basis for ebola virus VP35 Suppression of human dendritic cell maturation Ebola virus VP24 targets a unique NLS binding site on Karyopherin alpha 5 to Selectively compete with Nuclear Import of Phosphorylated STAT1 How Ebola and Marburg viruses battle the immune system Human fatal zaire ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis Ebola haemorrhagic fever Analysis of human peripheral blood samples from fatal and nonfatal cases of Ebola (Sudan) hemorrhagic fever: cellular responses, virus load, and nitric oxide levels Pathogenesis of the viral hemorrhagic fevers Mechanisms underlying coagulation abnormalities in ebola hemorrhagic fever: overexpression of tissue factor in primate monocytes/ macrophages is a key event Host response dynamics following lethal infection of rhesus macaques with Zaire ebolavirus Transcriptional correlates of disease outcome in anticoagulant-treated non-human primates infected with ebolavirus Ebola hemorrhagic Fever: novel biomarker correlates of clinical outcome Human asymptomatic Ebola infection and strong inflammatory response Distinct patterns of IFITM-mediated restriction of filoviruses, SARS coronavirus, and influenza A virus Defective humoral responses and extensive intravascular apoptosis are associated with fatal outcome in Ebola virusinfected patients Persistent immune responses after Ebola virus infection Protective efficacy of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in a nonhuman primate model of Ebola hemorrhagic fever Delayed treatment of Ebola virus infection with plant-derived monoclonal antibodies provides protection in rhesus macaques Successful treatment of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp Therapeutic intervention of Ebola virus infection in rhesus macaques with the MB-003 monoclonal antibody cocktail Immune parameters correlate with protection against ebola virus infection in rodents and nonhuman primates Antibodies are necessary for rVSV/ZEBOV-GPmediated protection against lethal Ebola virus challenge in nonhuman primates Role of natural killer cells in innate protection against lethal ebola virus infection Induction of humoral and CD8þ T cell responses are required for protection against lethal Ebola virus infection Surfactant protein B gene polymorphism is associated with severe influenza A functional variation in CD55 increases the severity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus infection Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance Late ophthalmologic manifestations in survivors of the 1995 Ebola virus epidemic in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo What Obstetrician-Gynecologists should Know about ebola: a Perspective from the centers for disease control and prevention Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome Detection of Ebola virus in oral fluid specimens during outbreaks of Ebola virus hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of Congo UN Mission for Ebola Emergency Response (UNMEER) Limitations of the indirect immunofluorescence slide test for antibody screening in Africa Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria World Health Organization. keywords: africa; antibodies; bats; blood; cases; cell; disease; ebolavirus; evd; fever; human; infection; outbreak; patients; protein; study; transmission; vaccine; west; zaire cache: cord-340194-ibli36rq.txt plain text: cord-340194-ibli36rq.txt item: #1083 of 1203 id: cord-340331-51yq1rdo author: Tonelli, Michele title: Host dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus date: 2017-07-28 words: 6256 flesch: 35 summary: key: cord-340331-51yq1rdo authors: Tonelli, Michele; Naesens, Lieve; Gazzarrini, Sabrina; Santucci, Matteo; Cichero, Elena; Tasso, Bruno; Moroni, Anna; Costi, Maria Paola; Loddo, Roberta title: Host dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus date: 2017-07-28 journal: Eur J Med Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.070 sha: doc_id: 340331 cord_uid: 51yq1rdo We have identified a series of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazines, structurally related to the antimalarial drug cycloguanil, as new inhibitors of influenza A and B virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) via targeting of the host dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) enzyme. This strategy is prone to selecting drug-resistance, particularly for viruses, which possess high mutability (such as influenza virus) or require long-term therapy. keywords: activity; antiviral; compounds; cycloguanil; dhfr; host; human; influenza; inhibition; inhibitors; rsv; virus; viruses cache: cord-340331-51yq1rdo.txt plain text: cord-340331-51yq1rdo.txt item: #1084 of 1203 id: cord-340423-f8ab7413 author: Barr, J.N. title: Genetic Instability of RNA Viruses date: 2016-09-09 words: 9780 flesch: 40 summary: Sequence analysis of RNA virus genomes has revealed that they preferentially accumulate A-to-G transitions, which are characteristic hallmarks of ADAR activity. Because the majority of nucleotide changes in RNA virus genomes are either strongly deleterious or lethal, the population is perpetually refined as deleterious genomes become purged through selection, leaving only mutations with phenotypically neutral or advantageous consequences to persist [69, 70] . keywords: cell; cycle; fidelity; genome; host; infection; mutation; polymerase; rate; recombination; replication; rna; rna viruses; robustness; viruses cache: cord-340423-f8ab7413.txt plain text: cord-340423-f8ab7413.txt item: #1085 of 1203 id: cord-340481-i3qrxnpr author: Pozo, Francisco title: Aplicación de los métodos moleculares al diagnóstico y el estudio epidemiológico de las infecciones respiratorias causadas por virus date: 2008-07-31 words: 9089 flesch: 29 summary: Los iniciadores de reacción, por consiguiente, no son 2, sino un conjunto de especies moleculares diferentes, cuyo número dependerá de la cantidad de posiciones variables y de la variabilidad de éstas. La detección de infecciones en humanos causadas por virus gripales pertenecientes a subtipos distintos de los habituales (H5N1, H7N7, H7N3 y H9N2) ha favorecido en los últimos años el diseño y la comercialización de técnicas de subtipado de los virus gripales A, y especialmente de detección del subtipo H5N1, ya sea mediante PCR 6,7 , sistemas de detección basados en microarrays o biochips 8 , e incluso arrays de ADN en fase líquida 9 . keywords: arn; clinical; como; con; cov; de la; de los; del; detección; detection; diagnóstico; diferentes; en el; entre; estos; estudios; genes; genoma; han; human; infecciones; infección; ira; las; los; los virus; mediante; molecular; muy; más; métodos; para; parainfluenza; pcr; por; proteínas; que; real; secuenciación; son; también; tiempo; técnicas; una; viral; virus; viruses; vrsh; y la cache: cord-340481-i3qrxnpr.txt plain text: cord-340481-i3qrxnpr.txt item: #1086 of 1203 id: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs author: None title: KAPITEL 13 Infektionskrankheiten date: 2008-12-31 words: 26587 flesch: 38 summary: ASL spielt in der Diagnostik des rheumatischen Fiebers nur eine geringe Rolle, ADB hat in der Diagnostik der akuten Glomerulonephritis größere Bedeutung. Antikörpernachweisverfahren (Mikroagglutination, ELISA, Westernblot) spielen in der Diagnostik der akuten Enterokolitiden keine wesentliche Rolle. keywords: abb; aber; aids; alle; als; anderen; antibiotika; antikörper; antiretroviralen; antivirale; auch; auch bei; auf; auf der; auftreten; aus; bedeutung; behandelt; behandlung; bei; bei der; bei hiv; beim; bekannt; bereits; besteht; bild; bis; bisher; blut; bzw; cd4; chemotherapie; cmv; daher; damit; dann; das; dass; dem; denen; der; der hiv; der infektion; der therapie; des; deutschland; diagnose; diagnostik; die; diese; dna; durch; durch den; durch die; durchgeführt; ebenfalls; ebv; eine; eingesetzt; einige; erfolgen; erfolgt; erkrankungen; erreger; erwachsenen; evtl; fieber; fällen; führen; führt; für; für die; für eine; gabe; gegen; gibt; haben; hat; hbv; hcv; hemmung; hepatitis; herpesviren; heute; hier; hiv; hoher; hpv; hsv; häufig; ifn; immer; immunsupprimierten; impfstoff; impfung; infektion; infizierten; interferone; ist; ist das; ist der; ist die; ist eine; ist es; jahren; jedoch; kann; kap; kindern; klinischen; kommen; kommt; kommt es; können; lassen; letzten; liegt; lymphozyten; man; maßnahmen; mehr; meist; meisten; menschen; mit; mit der; mit einer; monate; muss; möglich; müssen; nach; nachgewiesen; nachweis; nachweis von; neben; nebenwirkungen; nicht; noch; nukleosidanaloga; nur; nur bei; oder; oft; patienten; pcr; pneumokokken; prionen; prognose; prp; relativ; ribavirin; risiko; rna; rolle; schweren; sehr; sein; seit; selten; sich; sie; sind; sollte; spezifische; substanzen; symptome; tab; tage; therapie; therapie ist; und; und bei; und der; und eine; und mit; unter; untersuchung; verlauf; verschiedene; verursacht; veränderungen; viele; viren; virus; virusvermehrung; von; von der; vor; war; weitere; wenn; werden; werden die; werden können; wie; wird; wochen; wurde; während; z. b.; zahl; zellen; zns; zum; zunächst; zur; zwischen; über; übertragung cache: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs.txt plain text: cord-340489-yo3cp5vs.txt item: #1087 of 1203 id: cord-340503-zwdewiu1 author: Mokhtarzadeh, Ahad title: Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of pathogenic virus date: 2017-10-13 words: 7717 flesch: 35 summary: Table 1 offers a comparison of advantages and limitations of some of the most commonly used methods for virus detection. Nowadays, nanotechnology is focused on the elimination of disadvantages of existing methods for virus detection to minimize costs and time consuming. keywords: biosensor; carbon; detection; dna; hepatitis; human; influenza; nanoparticles; oxide; properties; qds; sensitivity; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt plain text: cord-340503-zwdewiu1.txt item: #1088 of 1203 id: cord-340537-pdvpmydk author: Bañon-Gonzalez, Rafael title: Autopsies of suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases date: 2020-07-15 words: 3686 flesch: 46 summary: Although there are analytical hypercoagulability markers in the physiopathology of COVID-19 disease, with raised D-dimer and indications of disseminated intravascular coagulation, only Yao et al. describe thrombi in the small vessels of several organs (thrombi in glomerular capillaries are visible in a photograph in their original publication in Chinese), 34 all other works limit thrombotic microangiopathy to the lungs. In connection with COVID-19 disease, in spite of its high rate of mortality there have been few studies. keywords: autopsies; cases; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; infection; sars; studies; virus cache: cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt plain text: cord-340537-pdvpmydk.txt item: #1089 of 1203 id: cord-340610-ex2yjyum author: Wang, De-Yun title: Upper Airway Stem Cells: Understanding the Nose and Role for Future Cell Therapy date: 2014-11-28 words: 5242 flesch: 28 summary: Following the recent advances in molecular and cell biology, nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells research is now feasible with a significant implication for a better understanding of molecular mechanisms and pathways underlying both healthy and diseased nasal epithelium which will thus aid the preclinical development of novel therapies for common nasal diseases. and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps This review paper focuses on the role of the airway epithelium in the fight against viral infection, delineating intact defense mechanisms of the epithelium as a healthy soldier Perspectives on the etiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: an immune barrier hypothesis This review paper describes the interplay between innate and adaptive immune cells in the induction, expression, and control of antiviral immunity and discusses the impact of the Forced inspiratory nasal flow-volume curves: a simple test of nasal airflow Impacts of fluid dynamics simulation in study of nasal airflow physiology and pathophysiology in realistic human three-dimensional nose models Mucin gene expression in rhinitis syndromes Cell adhesion molecules and the bronchial epithelium Indicators for the correct usage of intranasal medications: a computational fluid dynamics study This review paper provides a summary of gene expression signatures and molecular pathways underlying development and progression of chronic rhinosinusitis Basal cells of the human adult airway surface epithelium retain transit-amplifying cell properties Upregulation of MUC8 and downregulation of MUC5AC by inflammatory mediators in human nasal polyps and cultured nasal epithelium Mucin genes have different expression patterns in healthy and diseased upper airway mucosa Sinonasal epithelial cell expression of toll-like receptor 9 is decreased in chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps Expression, localization, and significance of vascular permeability/vascular endothelial growth factor in nasal polyps Immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors in nasal polyps as compared to normal turbinate mucosa Expression of human beta-defensin 2 in human nasal mucosa Effects of glucocorticoids on infiltrating cells and epithelial cells of nasal polyps The effect of nasal polyp epithelial cells on eosinophil activation Staphylococcus aureus invades the epithelium in nasal polyposis and induces IL-6 in nasal epithelial cells in vitro Influenza A viruses: new research developments Interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and the host cell: opportunities for antivirus strategies? Host and virus determinants of picornavirus pathogenesis and tropism The common cold: potential for future prevention or cure This review paper summarizes current knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms of nasal epithelial repair and remodeling during physical and pathophysiological conditions Immunity to respiratory viruses In addition to the physical barrier, nasal epithelial cells are known to play an active role in both the innate and acquired immune responses, which have been summarized in the European Position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012 (EPOS 2012) keywords: airway; cells; diseases; epithelium; expression; host; infection; mechanisms; nasal; respiratory; response; viruses cache: cord-340610-ex2yjyum.txt plain text: cord-340610-ex2yjyum.txt item: #1090 of 1203 id: cord-340629-1fle5fpz author: O’Shea, Helen title: Viruses Associated With Foodborne Infections date: 2019-05-21 words: 9411 flesch: 39 summary: However, in the Indian sub-continent, especially Bangladesh, where Nipah virus infection was first recognized in 2001, the major risk factor for contracting Nipah virus is drinking raw palm sap (Luby et al., 2006) . Some of these are human viruses that infect and cause illness following ingestion. keywords: assay; children; detection; disease; et al; food; foodborne; gastroenteritis; hepatitis; human; infection; influenza; rotavirus; species; symptoms; transmission; virus; viruses; water cache: cord-340629-1fle5fpz.txt plain text: cord-340629-1fle5fpz.txt item: #1091 of 1203 id: cord-340907-j9i1wlak author: Zarai, Yoram title: Evolutionary selection against short nucleotide sequences in viruses and their related hosts date: 2020-04-27 words: 8168 flesch: 41 summary: The virus and host coding sequences and association information was retrieved from a published database. We provide various novel discoveries that may shed light on the evolution of viral DNA sequences and on the virus co-evolution with its respective hosts. keywords: analysis; codon; genes; genome; host; nucleotide; number; restriction; selection; sequences; size; viruses; zikv cache: cord-340907-j9i1wlak.txt plain text: cord-340907-j9i1wlak.txt item: #1092 of 1203 id: cord-341029-49360l2a author: Nasir, Arshan title: A phylogenomic data-driven exploration of viral origins and evolution date: 2015-09-25 words: 14420 flesch: 43 summary: [as previously argued (40) (41) (42) ], albeit cautiously for RNA viruses with small proteome complements (read below). Surprisingly, FSFs shared with RNA viruses were also enriched in archaeal proteomes. keywords: archaea; bacteria; cells; data; dna; domains; evolution; example; fig; fsfs; genomes; groups; life; number; origin; proteins; proteomes; rna; table; venn; viruses cache: cord-341029-49360l2a.txt plain text: cord-341029-49360l2a.txt item: #1093 of 1203 id: cord-341050-hnuogpqn author: Acharya, Dhiraj title: An Overview of Current Approaches Toward the Treatment and Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection date: 2016-05-18 words: 10749 flesch: 23 summary: inhibitors Investigators of The Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group, Ischemia Research, and Education Foundation (2007) Mortality associated with aprotinin during 5 years following coronary artery bypass graft surgery Discovery of a non-peptidic inhibitor of West Nile virus NS3 protease by high-throughput docking Identifi cation and biochemical characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of West Nile virus serine protease by a high-throughput screen Characterization of the West Nile virus protease substrate specifi city and inhibitors Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of West Nile virus protease inhibitors based on the 2-{6 Structure-activity relationship and improved hydrolytic stability of pyrazole derivatives that are allosteric inhibitors of West Nile Virus NS2B-NS3 proteinase Inhibitors of Dengue virus and West Nile virus proteases based on the aminobenzamide scaffold Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of West Nile virus protease inhibitors based on the 1,3,4,5-tetrasubstituted 1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one scaffold Design, synthesis and characterization of novel 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid derivatives: potent inhibitors of Dengue and West Nile virus NS2B/NS3 proteases Small molecule pan-dengue and West Nile virus NS3 protease inhibitors Flexibility between the protease and helicase domains of the dengue virus NS3 protein conferred by the linker region and its functional implications Structure of West Nile virus NS3 protease: ligand stabilization of the catalytic conformation dengue virus NS5 RNA capping enzyme West Nile virus methyltransferase domain interacts with protein kinase G A single amino acid in nonstructural protein NS4B confers virulence to dengue virus in AG129 mice through enhancement of viral RNA synthesis A single amino acid substitution in the central portion of the West Nile virus NS4B protein confers a highly attenuated phenotype in mice Inhibition of dengue virus by targeting viral NS4B protein Chemical genetics strategy identifi es an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by West Nile encephalitis virus A critical role for induced IgM in the protection against West Nile virus infection The memory T cell response to West Nile virus in symptomatic humans following natural infection is not infl uenced by age and is dominated by a restricted set of CD8+ T cell epitopes Comprehensive mapping of West Nile virus (WNV)-and Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex-specifi c linear B-cell epitopes from WNV non-structural protein 1 Identifi cation of two linear B-cell epitopes from West Nile virus NS1 by screening a phage-displayed random peptide library Mapping and analysis of West Nile virus-specifi c monoclonal antibodies: prospects for vaccine development Fusion loop peptide of the West Nile virus envelope protein is essential for pathogenesis and is recognized by a therapeutic cross-reactive human monoclonal antibody Role of IFN-gamma in an experimental murine model of West Nile virus-induced seizures Role of CD8+ T cells in control of West Nile virus infection The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against West Nile virus infection Pattern recognition receptor MDA5 modulates CD8+ T cell-dependent clearance of West Nile virus from the central nervous system Attenuation and immunogenicity in humans of a live dengue virus type-4 vaccine candidate with a 30 nucleotide deletion in its 3′-untranslated region The live attenuated chimeric vaccine rWN/ DEN4Delta30 is well-tolerated and immunogenic in healthy fl avivirus-naive adult volunteers Chimeric dengue 2 PDK-53/West Nile NY99 viruses retain the phenotypic attenuation markers of the candidate PDK-53 vaccine virus and protect mice against lethal challenge with West Nile virus An attenuated West Nile prototype virus is highly immunogenic and protects against the deadly NY99 strain: a candidate for live WN vaccine development Liveattenuated recombinant equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) induces a neutralizing antibody response against West Nile virus (WNV) Equine vaccine for West Nile virus The effi cacy of inactivated West Nile vaccine (WN-VAX) in mice and monkeys Safety and effi cacy in geese of a PER.C6-based inactivated West Nile virus vaccine A hydrogen peroxide-inactivated virus vaccine elicits humoral and cellular immunity and protects against lethal West Nile virus infection in aged mice Development of a new hydrogen peroxidebased vaccine platform Phylogeny and molecular epidemiology of West Nile and Kunjin viruses West Nile virus (Kunjin subtype) disease in the northern territory of Australia-a case of encephalitis and review of all reported cases An inactivated West Nile virus vaccine derived from a chemically synthesized cDNA system Immunization with West Nile virus envelope domain III protects mice against lethal infection with homologous and heterologous virus Preparation and immunogenic properties of a recombinant West Nile subunit vaccine A West Nile virus recombinant protein vaccine that coactivates innate and adaptive immunity A VLP-based vaccine targeting domain III of the West Nile virus E protein protects from lethal infection in mice A novel platform for virus-like particle-display of fl aviviral envelope domain III: induction of Dengue and West Nile virus neutralizing antibodies Dhiraj Acharya and Fengwei Bai duction of detection and diagnostic reagents of West Nile virus in plants Plant-made vaccines against West Nile virus are potent, safe, and economically feasible Monoclonal antibody produced in plants efficiently treats West Nile virus infection in mice The structural immunology of antibody protection against West Nile virus The molecular basis of antibody-mediated neutralization of West Nile virus Antibody engineering Antibody engineering and modifi cation technologies Glycoengineering of therapeutic antibodies enhances monocyte/macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and cytotoxicity A paradoxical role for neutrophils in the pathogenesis of West Nile virus keywords: activity; antiviral; cell; dengue; development; host; identifi; infection; inhibitors; nile; nile virus; ns3; protease; protein; replication; rna; screening; structural; vaccine; virus; west; west nile; wnv cache: cord-341050-hnuogpqn.txt plain text: cord-341050-hnuogpqn.txt item: #1094 of 1203 id: cord-341101-5yvjbr5q author: Hashem, Anwar M. title: Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review date: 2020-05-06 words: 4828 flesch: 32 summary: 6 a receptor for cell entry, suggesting a possible similar effect of CQ on SARS-CoV-2 at this step of virus replication [40] . CQ can also affect early stage of virus replication by inhibiting virus-endosome fusion, likely via increasing endosomal pH keywords: chloroquine; coronavirus; covid-19; effect; hcq; hydroxychloroquine; infection; patients; replication; studies; treatment; virus; vitro cache: cord-341101-5yvjbr5q.txt plain text: cord-341101-5yvjbr5q.txt item: #1095 of 1203 id: cord-341138-mxjsp3cm author: Denner, Joachim title: Transspecies Transmission of Gammaretroviruses and the Origin of the Gibbon Ape Leukaemia Virus (GaLV) and the Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) date: 2016-12-20 words: 4764 flesch: 41 summary: Evidence for an origin from an endogenous virus of the rodent, Mus caroli Isolation from the asian mouse Mus caroli of an endogenous type C virus related to infectious primate type C viruses Replication of Mus dunni endogenous retrovirus depends on promoter activation followed by enhancer multimerization Discovery of a novel retrovirus sequence in an Australian native rodent (Melomys burtoni): A putative link between gibbon ape leukemia virus and koala retrovirus Endogenous Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus Identified in a Rodent (Melomys burtoni subsp.) from Wallacea (Indonesia) Identification of diverse groups of endogenous gammaretroviruses in mega-and microbats Discovery of retroviral homologs in bats: Implications for the origin of mammalian gammaretroviruses Oncogenicity of gibbon type-C myelogenous leukemia virus C-type virus associated with gibbon lymphosarcoma Lymphosarcomas in two gibbons (Hylobates lar) with associated C-type virus Isolation and tissue distribution of type-C virus and viral components from a gibbon ape (Hylobates lar) with lymphocytic leukemia Gibbon ape leukemia virus-Hall's Island: New strain of gibbon ape leukemia virus Infectious primate type C viruses: Three isolates belonging to a new subgroup from the brains of normal gibbons Is gibbon ape leukaemia virus still a threat? C-type virus in tumor tissue of a woolly monkey (Lagothrix spp.) keywords: bats; endogenous; galv; korv; melomys; retrovirus; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-341138-mxjsp3cm.txt plain text: cord-341138-mxjsp3cm.txt item: #1096 of 1203 id: cord-341155-3d64mso0 author: Slots, Jørgen title: Bacterial and viral pathogens in saliva: disease relationship and infectious risk date: 2010-12-07 words: 9342 flesch: 22 summary: Human immunodeficiency virus infection is a potent herpesvirus re-activator, as demonstrated by a strong correlation between decreasing CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients and increasing rates of herpesvirus re-activation (34) . Identification of pathogen and host-response markers correlated with periodontal disease Quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA in saliva and serum of patients coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus Quantitative determination of CMV-DNA in saliva of patients with bone marrow and stem cell transplantation using TaqMan-PCR Natural history of oral human papillomasvirus infections in female and male partners: a prospective Finnish HPV Family Study Use of throat swab or saliva specimens for detection of respiratory viruses in children The use of PVP-iodine as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis Quantitative studies on the salivary flora Antibody responses in oral fluid after administration of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines Human papillomavirus in saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma Periodontitis lesions are the main source of salivary cytomegalovirus Oral viral infections of children Oral mucosal fungal infections Severe acute respiratory syndrome and dentistry: a retrospective view Epstein-Barr virus specific salivary antibodies as related to stress caused by examinations Human cytomegalovirus salivary antibodies as related to stress Academic stress, immunological reaction, and academic performance among students of nursing and physiotherapy Periodontitis lesions are a source of salivary cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus Oral mucositis: a challenging complication of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiochemotherapy: part 1, pathogenesis and prophylaxis of mucositis Reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV) family members other than HHV-6 in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome Microbial testing in periodontics: value, limitations and future directions Investigating the concurrent presence of HCV in serum, oral fluid and urine samples from chronic HCV patients in Faisalabad Early childhood stress is associated with elevated antibody levels to herpes simplex virus type 1 The re-emergence of syphilis in the United Kingdom: the new epidemic phases Selection of antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy Systemic antibiotics in periodontics Oral viral infections of adults Herpesviral-bacterial interactions in periodontal diseases Human viruses in periodontitis Age and sex relationships of superinfecting microorganisms in periodontitis patients Subgingival microflora of advanced periodontitis in the Dominican Republic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease: a crosssectional microbiological investigation Genetic and environmental risk factors for chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis Oral herpetic infections (HSV 1-8) Chronic herpesvirus reactivation occurs in aging Relationship between Porphyromonas gingivalis, Epstein-Barr virus infection and reactivation in periodontitis Patient with severe periodontitis and subgingival Epstein-Barr virus treated with antiviral therapy Progressive increase of human papillomavirus carriage rates in potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders with increasing malignant potential Risk of exposure to Legionella in dental practice A longitudinal study of Lancefield group keywords: bacteria; barr; disease; dna; epstein; hepatitis; herpesvirus; hiv; human; individuals; infection; pathogens; patients; periodontitis; risk; saliva; salivary; transmission; virus cache: cord-341155-3d64mso0.txt plain text: cord-341155-3d64mso0.txt item: #1097 of 1203 id: cord-341298-mqpovrms author: Morse, S.A. title: Viruses and Bioterrorism date: 2016-10-31 words: 4792 flesch: 35 summary: If deployed, FMD virus would have caused the destruction of property and resulted in major economic losses. He was convicted of terrorist activity and money laundering even though he did not have FMD virus in his possession (Keremidis et al., 2013) . keywords: agents; disease; et al; fmd; hiv; human; influenza; laboratory; major; virus; viruses cache: cord-341298-mqpovrms.txt plain text: cord-341298-mqpovrms.txt item: #1098 of 1203 id: cord-341303-1iayp8oa author: McINTOSH, KENNETH title: Immunofluorescence in Diagnostic Virology date: 2006-12-16 words: 2850 flesch: 44 summary: The fluorescence must be in the proper cell type (i.e. not a squamous epithelial cell if respiratory viruses are being sought) and must be in the appropriate part of the cell for that virus (i.e. not in the nucleus for a parainfluenza virus). This type of system has been used with respiratory viruses in England,(' and is used for rabies diagnosis in this country. keywords: cells; culture; diagnosis; specimens; virus; viruses cache: cord-341303-1iayp8oa.txt plain text: cord-341303-1iayp8oa.txt item: #1099 of 1203 id: cord-341324-f9g9gitn author: Rojas, José M. title: Viral pathogen-induced mechanisms to antagonize mammalian interferon (IFN) signaling pathway date: 2020-10-21 words: 10861 flesch: 35 summary: The measles virus V protein binding site to STAT2 overlaps with that of IRF9 STAT2 is a primary target for measles virus V protein-mediated alpha/ beta interferon signaling inhibition The interferon signaling antagonist function of yellow fever virus NS5 protein is activated by type I interferon Dengue virus co-opts UBR4 to degrade STAT2 and antagonize type I interferon signaling Nonstructural protein 11 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces STAT2 degradation to inhibit interferon signaling The V protein of simian virus 5 inhibits interferon signalling by targeting STAT1 for proteasome-mediated degradation Association of mumps virus V protein with RACK1 results in dissociation of STAT-1 from the alpha interferon receptor complex The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein binds human interferon regulatory factor-9 via a novel PEST domain required for transformation Expression of hepatitis C virus proteins interferes with the antiviral action of interferon independently of PKR-mediated control of protein synthesis Herpes simplex virus 1 gene products occlude the interferon signaling pathway at multiple sites Human cytomegalovirus inhibits IFN-alpha-stimulated antiviral and immunoregulatory responses by blocking multiple levels of IFN-alpha signal transduction The polyoma virus T antigen interferes with interferon-inducible gene expression Foot-and-mouth disease virus leader protease cleaves G3BP1 and G3BP2 and inhibits stress granule formation Stress granule formation induced by measles virus is protein kinase PKR dependent and impaired by RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA Inhibitory activity for the interferoninduced protein kinase is associated with the reovirus serotype 1 sigma 3 protein Site-directed mutagenic analysis of reovirus sigma 3 protein binding to dsRNA Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein functions and the similarity to other bunyavirus NSs proteins RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 suppresses measles virus-induced apoptosis and activation of protein kinase PKR Double-stranded RNA deaminase ADAR1 increases host susceptibility to virus infection ADAR1 interacts with PKR during human immunodeficiency virus infection of lymphocytes and contributes to viral replication Silencing the alarms: Innate immune antagonism by rotavirus NSP1 and VP3 Homologous 2',5'-phosphodiesterases from disparate RNA viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity Rotavirus open cores catalyze 5′-capping and methylation of exogenous RNA: evidence that VP3 is a methyltransferase 2′-O methylation of the viral mRNA cap evades host restriction by IFIT family members Attenuation and restoration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus mutant lacking 2'-o-methyltransferase activity Biochemical and structural insights into the mechanisms of SARS coronavirus RNA ribose 2'-O-methylation by nsp16/nsp10 protein complex Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Nonstructural Protein 16 Is Necessary for Interferon Resistance and Viral Pathogenesis The IFITM proteins mediate cellular resistance to influenza A H1N1 virus, West Nile virus, and dengue virus Interferon induction of IFITM proteins promotes infection by human coronavirus OC43 HIV-1 mutates to evade IFITM1 restriction In vivo evasion of MxA by avian influenza viruses requires human signature in the viral nucleoprotein Irreversible inactivation of ISG15 by a viral leader protease enables alternative infection detection strategies Consecutive inhibition of ISG15 expression and ISGylation by cytomegalovirus regulators The abundant tegument protein pUL25 of human cytomegalovirus prevents proteasomal degradation of pUL26 and supports its suppression of ISGylation Transmembrane protein pUL50 of human cytomegalovirus inhibits ISGylation by downregulating UBE1L ISG15, a ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene, promotes hepatitis C virus production in vitro: implications for chronic infection and response to treatment For instance, Ebola virus VP35 protein, Middle East respiratory syndrome Viral interference with accessory cellular components involved in PRR activation. keywords: activation; activity; binding; cell; degradation; human; ifn; induction; interferon; mechanism; phosphorylation; protease; protein; receptor; recognition; response; rig; rna; signaling; type; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-341324-f9g9gitn.txt plain text: cord-341324-f9g9gitn.txt item: #1100 of 1203 id: cord-341765-ml6eo8r3 author: Widhidewi, Ni Wayan title: Identification of viral etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children and adults in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia date: 2020-03-25 words: 2742 flesch: 40 summary: Respiratory viruses including influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus are the most frequently detected viruses in patients with ARTI in Southeast Asia [8] . Singleplex PCR assays were used for detection of a panel of respiratory viruses using family-level primers for Paramyxoviridae, Herpesviridae, Coronaviridae, Hantaviridae, Adenoviridae, Arenaviridae; genus-level primers for Enterovirus, Henipavirus, Influenza A virus, Bocavirus; and Pneumovirinae sub-family primer including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). keywords: adults; arti; children; detection; infections; influenza; study; viruses cache: cord-341765-ml6eo8r3.txt plain text: cord-341765-ml6eo8r3.txt item: #1101 of 1203 id: cord-341923-jwckbdnb author: To, Kelvin Kai-Wang title: Pathogenesis of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection and the implication on management date: 2010-04-28 words: 5857 flesch: 38 summary: Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection Pre-and postexposure use of human monoclonal antibody against H5N1 and H1N1 influenza virus in mice: viable alternative to oseltamivir Logistical feasibility and potential benefits of a population-wide passive-immunotherapy program during an influenza pandemic H1N1 influenza A virusassociated acute lung injury: response to combination oseltamivir and prolonged corticosteroid treatment A rationale for using steroids in the treatment of severe cases of H5N1 avian influenza Delayed antiviral plus immunomodulator treatment still reduces mortality in mice infected by high inoculum of influenza A/H5N1 virus Confronting an influenza pandemic with inexpensive generic agents: can it be done? Binding of influenza virus to host cell surface glycoproteins or glycolipids is mediated by viral hemagglutinin (HA), and amino acid substitution in HA could affect the binding. keywords: cases; disease; h1n1; h5n1; human; infection; influenza; load; oseltamivir; pandemic; patients; swine; virus cache: cord-341923-jwckbdnb.txt plain text: cord-341923-jwckbdnb.txt item: #1102 of 1203 id: cord-341968-uc8i9h0m author: Izaguirre, Gonzalo title: The Proteolytic Regulation of Virus Cell Entry by Furin and Other Proprotein Convertases date: 2019-09-09 words: 7895 flesch: 39 summary: The experimental inactivation of the PC cleavage site of several herpes viruses did not severely affect viral cell entry into cells growing in vitro; however, the lack of PC cleavage reduced virus spread and replication in vivo [36, 37] . PC cleavage site motifs in the coat proteins L1 and L2 of HPV types. keywords: cell; cleavage; cleavage site; furin; fusion; glycoprotein; inhibitors; like; pc cleavage; pcs; processing; proteases; proteins; site; virus; viruses cache: cord-341968-uc8i9h0m.txt plain text: cord-341968-uc8i9h0m.txt item: #1103 of 1203 id: cord-342124-jdv17u86 author: Nieto‐Rabiela, Fabiola title: Viral networks and detection of potential zoonotic viruses in bats and rodents: A worldwide analysis date: 2019-06-20 words: 4449 flesch: 45 summary: To address this gap in knowledge, we compared the associative capacity of the host–virus networks in rodents and bats with the identification of those viruses with zoonotic potential. We observed a greater degree of connectivity in bat viruses and more discrete communities in rodents. keywords: bats; community; host; network; nodes; potential; rodents; viruses; zoonotic cache: cord-342124-jdv17u86.txt plain text: cord-342124-jdv17u86.txt item: #1104 of 1203 id: cord-342151-1e6x589e author: Talbot, Pierre J. title: Hemagglutination by Murine Hepatitis Viruses date: 2008-07-29 words: 1220 flesch: 47 summary: Ann Virol (Inst Pas teur Comparison of polypeptides of two strains of murine hepatitis virus RNA and polypeptide homology among murine coronaviruses Comparative analysis of RNA genomes of mouse hepatitis viruses Analysis and localization of mouse hepatitis virus 3 (M H V-3)polypeptides Physico-chemical properties of murine hepatitis virus, strain A59 Effect of several salts on rubella virus hemaggluti nation Techniques for haemagglu tination inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses Plaque formation and isola tion of pure lines with poliomyelitis virus Hemag glutination activity with bovine herpesvirus type I The expert technical assistance of Francine Lam bert, manuscript preparation by Lucie Summerside, and red blood cell preparations by Michel Boivin and Claude Duhamel are gratefully acknowledged. Hemagglutination represents a useful model for virus adsorption to cells, a very convenient assay for the presence of virus in biological samples, and may be relevant to viral pathogenesis. keywords: cells; coronavirus; mhv; murine; virus cache: cord-342151-1e6x589e.txt plain text: cord-342151-1e6x589e.txt item: #1105 of 1203 id: cord-342277-v6310fjh author: Carducci, A. title: Environmental survey to assess viral contamination of air and surfaces in hospital settings date: 2011-01-31 words: 3032 flesch: 39 summary: For virus detection, 1000 L of air were sampled on Rodac plates containing Tryptone Soy Agar (TSA). Although biomolecular methods for virus detection do not enable infectivity assessment, positive results indicate previous viral contamination. keywords: air; contamination; detection; samples; surfaces; ttv; virus; viruses cache: cord-342277-v6310fjh.txt plain text: cord-342277-v6310fjh.txt item: #1106 of 1203 id: cord-342412-azkamnpa author: Ecker, David J title: The Microbial Rosetta Stone Database: A compilation of global and emerging infectious microorganisms and bioterrorist threat agents date: 2005-04-25 words: 7212 flesch: 37 summary: Infectious disease agents important to the public health in the U.S. are monitored by the CDC and listed in Additional File 2 The goal of the database is to provide an informative, readily accessible, single location for basic information on a broad range of important disease causing agents. keywords: agents; database; disease; figure; file; food; health; human; information; list; organisms; pathogens; plant; potential; public; rna; species; toxins; viruses cache: cord-342412-azkamnpa.txt plain text: cord-342412-azkamnpa.txt item: #1107 of 1203 id: cord-342906-51296y8d author: Li, Zhiping title: Aerosolized avian influenza virus by laboratory manipulations date: 2012-08-06 words: 4501 flesch: 43 summary: Infectious Diseases and Counterterrorism Review of aerosol transmission of influenza A virus Transmission of influenza A in human beings Experimental transmission of influenza virus infection in mice. Immunopath and Infect Dis An experimental model to evaluate the role of transport vehicles as a source of transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to susceptible pigs Quantification of airborne influenza and avian influenza virus in a wet poultry market using a filter/real-time qPCR method Inefficient transmission of H5N1 influenza viruses in a ferret contact model Epidemiology and control of virus infections in the laboratory Aerosol technology Aerosol transmission of influenza A virus: A review of new studies Pathogenesis by aerosol infectious diseases: Biological weapons defense. keywords: aerosols; air; group; infections; influenza; laboratory; min; samples; virus cache: cord-342906-51296y8d.txt plain text: cord-342906-51296y8d.txt item: #1108 of 1203 id: cord-342915-r9kv67we author: Hayden, Frederick G. title: Advances in antivirals for non‐influenza respiratory virus infections date: 2013-11-01 words: 5757 flesch: 23 summary: Recent studies have provided encouraging results in treating respiratory syncytial virus infections in lung transplant recipients, serious parainfluenza virus and adenovirus infections in immunocompromised hosts, and rhinovirus colds in outpatient asthmatics. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC Human coronavirus EMC does not require the SARS-coronavirus receptor and maintains broad replicative capability in mammalian cell lines Mannose-binding lectin in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection A single asparagine-linked glycosylation site of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein facilitates inhibition by mannose-binding lectin through multiple mechanisms High-dose mannose-binding lectin therapy for Ebola virus infection Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States Antibodies for prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children Respiratory syncytial virus Antiviral therapy of respiratory viruses in haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients Management of RSV infections in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Outcome of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients Receiving Aerosolized Ribavirin: Significance of Stem Cell Source and Oxygen Requirement keywords: coronavirus; cov; human; infections; influenza; interferon; patients; ribavirin; rsv; sars; studies; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-342915-r9kv67we.txt plain text: cord-342915-r9kv67we.txt item: #1109 of 1203 id: cord-342936-43u7afl3 author: Balzarini, Jan title: Targeting the glycans of glycoproteins: a novel paradigm for antiviral therapy date: 2007 words: 11336 flesch: 37 summary: Implications for multivalent ligand recognition An extensive and detailed overview of carbohydrate-binding proteins that interact with the HIV Structural basis for selective recognition of oligosaccharides by DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR Insights into carbohydrate recognition by Narcissus pseudonarcissus lectin: the crystal structure at 2 Å resolution in complex with α1-3 mannobiose Strucure of mannose-specific snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) lectin is representative of a new plant lectin family A novel tetrameric lectin from Lycoris aurea with four mannose binding sites per monomer Mutational pathways, resistance profile, and side effects of Cyanovirin relative to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains with N-glycan deletions in their gp120 envelopes Role of envelope glycoprotein carbohydrate in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infectivity and virus-induced cell fusion Sugar-binding proteins potently inhibit dendritic cell human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and dendritic-cell-directed HIV-1 transfer Inhibition of HIV entry by carbohydratebinding proteins Carbohydrate-binding agents efficiently prevent dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)-directed HIVHIV-1-1 DC-SIGN: escape mechanism for pathogens Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) microbicide drug candidates to prevent HIV infection Maturation of blood derived dendritic cells enhances HIV-1 capture and transmission Dendritic cell-mediated trans-enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity is independent of DC-SIGN CD4 co-expression regulates DC-SIGNmediated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells Antibody domain exchange is an immunological solution to carbohydrate cluster recognition Glycobiology at Oxford. Structure analysis of refined complexes at 2.3 Å and 3.0 Å resolution Crystal structures of Urtica dioica agglutinin and its complex with triacetylchitotriose -3)-and α-(1-6)-D-mannosespecific plant lectins are markedly inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus infections in vitro The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epi pactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine) n -specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro Mannose-specific plant lectins from the Amaryllidaceae family qualify as efficient microbicides for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection Carbohydrate-binding agents cause deletions of highly conserved glycosylation sites in HIV gp120. keywords: antiviral; binding; carbohydrate; cbas; cell; envelope; glycans; glycosylation; gp120; hiv; immunodeficiency; infection; lectin; mannose; pathogen; protein; sign; strains; type; virus cache: cord-342936-43u7afl3.txt plain text: cord-342936-43u7afl3.txt item: #1110 of 1203 id: cord-343347-guciupc8 author: Hajj Hussein, Inaya title: Vaccines Through Centuries: Major Cornerstones of Global Health date: 2015-11-26 words: 12286 flesch: 44 summary: In 2012, the FDA approved several vaccines: HibMenCY a new combination of meningococcal and Hib vaccine for infants; Flucelvax, which is the first seasonal influenza vaccine, manufactured using cell culture technology and a quadrivalent formulation of Fluarix (26) . This has led to a suboptimal effectiveness of influenza vaccines, which are only successful against strains included in the vaccine formulation or strains of homogenous subtype. keywords: children; disease; efficacy; health; hepatitis; history; human; immune; immunization; influenza; live; measles; pasteur; polio; response; smallpox; u.s; vaccination; vaccine; virus; world; years cache: cord-343347-guciupc8.txt plain text: cord-343347-guciupc8.txt item: #1111 of 1203 id: cord-343350-04e6wvov author: Liu, Haipeng title: Antiviral immunity in crustaceans date: 2009-02-15 words: 8014 flesch: 38 summary: A gene named as PmAV was found to be up-regulated in virus resistant shrimp and the PmAV protein has a C-type lectinlike domain (CTLD). Taura syndrome of marine penaeid shrimp: characterization of the viral agent Shrimp taura syndrome virus: genomic characterization and similarity with members of the genus Cricket paralysis-like viruses Virus taxonomy: the classification and nomenclature of viruses Special topic review: major viral diseases of the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) in Thailand Epizootiology, distribution, and the impact on international trade of two penaeid shrimp viruses in the Shrimp diseases and current diagnostic methods Mechanisms of enveloped virus entry into animal cells Coronaviruses: structure and genome expression Antiserum to the gp116 glycoprotein of yellow head virus neutralizes infectivity in primary lymphoid organ cells of Penaeus monodon PmRab7 is a VP28-binding protein involved in white spot syndrome virus infection in shrimp Suppression of PmRab7 by dsRNA Inhibits WSSV or YHV Infection in Shrimp Antiviral phagocytosis is regulated by a novel Rab-dependent complex in shrimp Penaeus japonicus Vp28 of shrimp white spot syndrome virus is involved in the attachment and penetration into shrimp cells White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infects specific hemocytes of the shrimp Penaeus merguiensis Sö derhä keywords: antiviral; cells; crayfish; crustaceans; dsrna; infection; monodon; penaeus; protein; rna; shrimp; spot; syndrome; virus; viruses; white; wssv cache: cord-343350-04e6wvov.txt plain text: cord-343350-04e6wvov.txt item: #1112 of 1203 id: cord-343690-rafvxgx1 author: Hartmann, Katrin title: Clinical Aspects of Feline Retroviruses: A Review date: 2012-10-31 words: 10295 flesch: 31 summary: In a follow-up study in naturally FIVinfected cats, the rate of progression was variable, with death occurring in about 18% of infected cats within the first two years of observation (about five years after the estimated time of infection). Although the majority of FIV-infected cats do not show clinically overt neurologic signs, a much higher proportion of infected cats have microscopic CNS lesions. keywords: antigen; bone; cats; cells; disease; feline; felv; felv infection; fiv; immune; immunodeficiency; immunodeficiency virus; infected; infection; leukemia; lymphoma; marrow; virus cache: cord-343690-rafvxgx1.txt plain text: cord-343690-rafvxgx1.txt item: #1113 of 1203 id: cord-343784-zgvxl4h3 author: Cho, Chi Hyun title: Evaluation of the AdvanSure™ real-time RT-PCR compared with culture and Seeplex RV15 for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses date: 2014-05-31 words: 3713 flesch: 42 summary: New human coronavirus, HCoV-NL63, associated with severe lower respiratory tract disease in Australia Development of three multiplex RT-PCR assays for the detection of 12 respiratory RNA viruses Comparative evaluation of the Seegene Seeplex RV15 and real-time PCR for respiratory virus detection Comparison of two commercial molecular assays for simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses in clinical samples using two automatic electrophoresis detection systems Multiplex PCR, and emerging technologies for the detection of respiratory pathogens Development of a multiplex one step RT-PCR that detects eighteen respiratory viruses in clinical specimens and comparison with real time RT-PCR Simultaneous detection of influenza A, B, and C viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenoviruses in clinical samples by multiplex reverse transcription nested-PCR assay Evaluation of the FilmArray(R) Respiratory Panel for clinical use in a large children's hospital Use of the Seeplex RV Detection kit for surveillance of respiratory viral outbreaks in Ten years of human metapneumovirus research Evaluation of multiple commercial molecular and conventional diagnostic assays for the detection of respiratory viruses in children Rapid molecular detection of influenza outbreaks in nursing homes Update on rhinovirus and coronavirus infections Cyclic-CMTA: an innovative concept in multiplex quantification Human bocaviruses are highly diverse, dispersed, recombination prone, and prevalent in enteric infections Utilization of nucleic acid amplification assays for the detection of respiratory viruses Comparison of Anyplex II RV16 with the xTAG respiratory viral panel and Seeplex RV15 for detection of respiratory viruses Rapid multiplex nested PCR for detection of respiratory viruses High-throughput, sensitive, and accurate multiplex PCR-microsphere flow cytometry system for large-scale comprehensive detection of respiratory viruses Epidemiology of multiple respiratory viruses in childcare attendees PCR for detection of respiratory viruses: seasonal variations of virus infections Evaluation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens Clinical evaluation of multiplex real-time PCR panels for rapid detection of respiratory viral infections Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States Clinical and economical impact of multiplex respiratory virus assays Simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infection using two different multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assays High incidence of multiple viral infections identified in upper respiratory tract infected children under three years of age in Shanghai. All of our samples (nasopharyngeal aspirates or flocked nasopharyngeal swabs) had been transported in 3 mL of UTM (COPAN, Murrieta, CA, USA) and were freshly used for virus culture, Seeplex® RV 15 assay, and AdvanSure™ real-time RT-PCR (LG Life Science). keywords: advansure; culture; pcr; positive; rv15; viruses cache: cord-343784-zgvxl4h3.txt plain text: cord-343784-zgvxl4h3.txt item: #1114 of 1203 id: cord-343918-5yk1j4ms author: Gorbalenya, A.E. title: Phylogeny of Viruses date: 2008-07-30 words: 3892 flesch: 37 summary: Comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, and, occasionally, other quantitative characteristics such as distances between three-dimensional structures of biopolymers, have been used to reconstruct virus phylogeny. With few exceptions, virus phylogeny follows the theory and practice developed for phylogeny of cellular life forms. keywords: analysis; evolution; phylogeny; rna; species; tree; virus; viruses cache: cord-343918-5yk1j4ms.txt plain text: cord-343918-5yk1j4ms.txt item: #1115 of 1203 id: cord-343963-99rd3o79 author: Wong, Mun-Teng title: Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated genes in the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection date: 2014-12-29 words: 17306 flesch: 34 summary: RIG-I-mediated type I interferon-dependent innate immunity Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus-encoded nonstructural protein NS5A Phosphorylation of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein in vitro and in vivo: properties of the NS5A-associated kinase Phosphorylation of hepatitis C virus NS5A nonstructural protein: a new paradigm for phosphorylation-dependent viral RNA replication? Reduction of hepatitis C virus NS5A hyperphosphorylation by selective inhibition of cellular kinases activates viral RNA replication in cell culture Hepatitis C virus NS5A: tales of a promiscuous protein Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A modulates the Toll-like receptor-MyD88-dependent signaling pathway in macrophage cell lines Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein How hepatitis C virus counteracts the interferon response: the jury is still out on NS5A Control of PKR protein kinase by hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein: molecular mechanisms of kinase regulation Hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein induces interleukin-8, leading to partial inhibition of the interferoninduced antiviral response Relationships between hepatitis C virus replication and CXCL-8 production in vitro Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein interacts with 29,59-oligoadenylate synthetase and inhibits antiviral activity of IFN in an IFN sensitivity-determining region-independent manner Activation and evasion of the antiviral 29-59 oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L pathway by hepatitis C virus mRNA Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein protects against TNF-alpha mediated apoptotic cell death Inhibition of intrahepatic gamma interferon production by hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A in transgenic mice Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibits tumor necrosis factor-a-mediated apoptosis in Huh7 cells Activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response by hepatitis viruses upregulates protein phosphatase 2A Protein phosphatase 2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signalling PP2A targeting by viral proteins: a widespread biological strategy from DNA/RNA tumor viruses to HIV-1 Hepatitis C virus inhibits interferon signaling through upregulation of protein phosphatase 2A Upregulation of protein phosphatase 2Ac by hepatitis C virus modulates NS3 helicase activity through inhibition of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 Transcriptional induction of two genes in human cells by b interferon Functional classification of interferon-stimulated genes identified using microarrays A central role for RNA in the induction and biological activities of type 1 interferons Targeted impairment of innate antiviral responses in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients Negative feedback regulation of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by interferoninduced ISG15 conjugation Immune signaling by RIG-I-like receptors Retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling of hepatic stellate cells inhibits hepatitis C virus replication in hepatocytes Interferon-b pretreatment of conventional and plasmacytoid human dendritic cells enhances their activation by influenza virus A structure-based model of RIG-I activation Emerging role of ubiquitination in antiviral RIG-I signaling DDX60, a DEXD/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling Hepatitis C virus induces interferon-and interferon-stimulated genes in primary liver cultures IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense Regulation of PKR and IRF-1 during hepatitis C virus RNA replication Constitutive expression of an ISGF2/IRF1 transgene leads to interferon-independent activation of interferon-inducible genes and resistance to virus infection Regulation of hepatitis C virus replication by interferon regulatory factor 1 IRF-7 is the master regulator of type-I interferon-dependent immune responses Hepatitis C virus infection impairs IRF-7 translocation and Alpha interferon synthesis in immortalized human hepatocytes IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 coordinately regulate the type I IFN response in myeloid dendritic cells downstream of MAVS signaling Hepatitis C virus inhibits intracellular interferon alpha expression in human hepatic cell lines Serum-derived hepatitis C virus infectivity in interferon regulatory factor-7-suppressed human primary hepatocytes Interferon regulatory factor IRF-7 induces the antiviral alpha interferon response and protects against lethal West Nile virus infection Antiviral actions of interferons Impact of protein kinase PKR in cell biology: from antiviral to antiproliferative action dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR and its role in stress, signaling and HCV infection PKR protein kinase is activated by hepatitis C virus and inhibits viral replication through translational control PKR-dependent mechanisms of gene expression from a subgenomic hepatitis C virus clone Identification of three interferon-inducible cellular enzymes that inhibit the replication of hepatitis C virus Alpha interferon induces distinct translational control programs to suppress hepatitis C virus RNA replication New antiviral pathway that mediates hepatitis C virus replicon interferon sensitivity through ADAR1 Hepatitis C virus controls interferon production through PKR activation Translational resistance of late alphavirus mRNA to eIF2a phosphorylation: a strategy to overcome the antiviral effect of protein kinase PKR Initiation of protein synthesis by hepatitis C virus is refractory to reduced eIF2.GTP.Met-tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complex availability Translational insensitivity to potent activation of PKR by HCV IRES RNA HCV NS5A co-operates with PKR in modulating HCV IRES-dependent translation Eukaryotic translation initiation machinery can operate in a bacterial-like mode without eIF2 Hepatitis C virus blocks interferon effector function by inducing protein kinase R phosphorylation Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces formation of stress granules whose proteins regulate HCV RNA replication and virus assembly and egress P bodies, stress granules, and viral life cycles Stress granules: sites of mRNA triage that regulate mRNA stability and translatability Stress granules Eukaryotic stress granules: the ins and outs of translation Regulation of stress granules and P-bodies during RNA virus infection Diversion of stress granules and P-bodies during viral infection Dynamic oscillation of translation and stress granule formation mark the cellular response to virus infection Hepatitis C virus hijacks P-body and stress granule components around lipid droplets Hepatitis C virus coopts Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 for its genome replication Viral encounters with 29,59-oligoadenylate synthetase and RNase L during the interferon antiviral response New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity The oligoadenylate synthetase family: an ancient protein family with multiple antiviral activities The ribonuclease Ldependent antiviral roles of human 29,59-oligoadenylate synthetase family members against hepatitis C virus 59-Oligoadenylate synthetaselike gene highly induced by hepatitis C virus infection in human liver is inhibitory to viral replication in vitro Antiviral activities of ISG20 in positive-strand RNA virus infections ISG20, an actor of the innate immune response Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are both antiviral and proviral Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA, RNA editing, and interferon action RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 suppresses measles virus-induced apoptosis and activation of protein kinase PKR Expression of interferoninducible RNA adenosine deaminase ADAR1 during pathogen infection and mouse embryo development involves tissueselective promoter utilization and alternative splicing RNA editing of hepatitis delta virus antigenome by dsRNA-adenosine deaminase A specific base transition occurs on replicating hepatitis delta virus RNA RNA editing in hepatitis delta virus HCV-induced ER stress HCV protein expression can induce an ER stress response and lead to calcium release from the ER, which in turn activates the cyclic AMP responsive element-binding protein that binds to the cyclic AMP responsive element in the promoter of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), resulting in upregulation of PP2A. 114 Expressed in essentially all cell types, PP2A is a serine/threonine phosphatase that is involved in multiple cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, signal transduction and stress response. keywords: activation; activity; antiviral; autophagy; c virus; cells; expression; hcv; hepatitis; host; ifn; immunity; infection; innate; interferon; isgs; ns5a; pkr; production; protein; replication; response; rig; rna; signaling; type; virus; virus infection; virus replication; viruses cache: cord-343963-99rd3o79.txt plain text: cord-343963-99rd3o79.txt item: #1116 of 1203 id: cord-344006-0iq9s94n author: Atzrodt, Cassandra L. title: A Guide to COVID‐19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 date: 2020-05-23 words: 7289 flesch: 47 summary: Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the Race to find COVID-19 treatments accelerates Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase Accepted Article RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir 120 Gilead Sciences Gilead Announces Results From Phase 3 Trial of Investigational Antiviral Remdesivir in Patients With Severe COVID-19 Some FDA Approved drugs exhibit binding affinity as high as kcal/mol against COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): A Molecular Docking Study IndiaRxiv Major ongoing clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment and studies currently being conducted or scheduled in Japan. CNN Kamisar B Oxford scientist says its vaccine is making headway, could show efficacy by WSJ News Exclusive | Drugmaker Moderna Delivers First Experimental Coronavirus Vaccine for Human Testing Long-term protection from SARS coronavirus infection conferred by a single immunization with an attenuated VSV-based vaccine Live bacterial vaccines -a review and identification of potential hazards. keywords: article; cell; copyright; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; disease; drugs; human; patients; rights; rna; sars; symptoms; testing; vaccine; virus cache: cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt plain text: cord-344006-0iq9s94n.txt item: #1117 of 1203 id: cord-344009-hm36pepp author: Nathanson, N. title: Virus perpetuation in populations: biological variables that determine persistence or eradication date: 2005 words: 3466 flesch: 42 summary: US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, US Superintendent of Documents The prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus over a 10-year period in rural Zaire Poliomyelitis immune status in ecologically diverse populations, in relation to virus spread, clinical incidence, and virus disappearance California encephalitis, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and bunyavirid hemorrhagic fevers Sero-epidemiological study of rat virus infection in a closed laboratory colony Filoviridae: Another parameter that favors virus perpetuation is rapid turnover of the population itself. keywords: infection; measles; perpetuation; population; virus; viruses cache: cord-344009-hm36pepp.txt plain text: cord-344009-hm36pepp.txt item: #1118 of 1203 id: cord-344093-3bniy5b5 author: Peteranderl, Christin title: The Impact of the Interferon/TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Signaling Axis on Disease Progression in Respiratory Viral Infection and Beyond date: 2017-03-22 words: 12579 flesch: 18 summary: In addition, Davidson et al. (74) demonstrated that type I IFN application to IAVinfected mice increased morbidity and lung injury, which could be attributed to both DR5 and TRAIL upregulation inducing epithelial cell apoptosis. In line, Pinto et al. (92) reported an impairment of T cell responses upon type IFN induction in West Nile virus infection. keywords: activation; apoptosis; cells; death; disease; epithelial; expression; factor; iav; ifn; induction; infection; influenza; interferon; lung; protein; receptor; response; role; signaling; trail; type; virus cache: cord-344093-3bniy5b5.txt plain text: cord-344093-3bniy5b5.txt item: #1119 of 1203 id: cord-344408-4ko557n1 author: Cunningham, Andrew A. title: One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: two decades of progress? date: 2017-07-19 words: 5978 flesch: 34 summary: Identification of a herpesvirus within the gill epithelium Disease and endangered species: the black-footed ferret as a recent example The decline of the sharp-snouted day frog (Taudactylus acutirostris): the first documented case of extinction by infection in a free-ranging wildlife species Extinction of a species of land snail due to infection with a microsporidian parasite Emerging infectious diseases of wildlifethreats to biodiversity and human health Chlorinated hydrocarbons and eggshell changes in raptorial and fish-eating birds Decrease in eggshell weight in certain birds of prey Competition mediated by parasites: biological and theoretical progress Prevention of population cycles by parasite removal Emerging marine diseases-climate links and anthropogenic factors Inconclusiveness of chytridiomycosis as the agent in widespread frog declines Detecting disease and parasite threats to endangered species and ecosystems The epizootiology and ecological significance of malaria in Hawaiian land birds Extinction by infection The first historical extinction of a marine invertebrate in an ocean basin-the demise of the eelgrass limpet Lottia alveus The importance of disease in reintroduction programmes International disease implications for wildlife translocations Infectious disease and intensive management: population dynamics, threatened hosts, and their parasites Disease risks of wildlife translocations Reemerging and emerging infectious diseases: economic and other impacts on wildlife-transport of animals sometimes spreads infections, while other outbreaks are a mystery Spread of chytridiomycosis has caused the rapid global decline and extinction of frogs A breakthrough in the hunt for a cause of amphibian declines. Possible environmental factors underlying amphibian decline in eastern Puerto Rico: analysis of US government data archives Complex causes of amphibian population declines Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a neotropical amphibian community Two amphibian diseases, chytridiomycosis and ranaviral disease, are now globally notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE): an assessment Dynamics and genetics of a disease-driven species decline to near extinction: lessons for conservation Bat white-nose syndrome: an emerging fungal pathogen? Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome Killer fungus that's devastating bats may have met its match Evidence for the role of infectious disease in species extinction and endangerment The origins of plagues: old and new Risk factors for human disease emergence Population biology of multihost pathogens Population biology of emerging and re-emerging pathogens Host range and emerging and reemerging pathogens Global trends in emerging infectious diseases Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus in bats, Saudi Arabia Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses What links bats to emerging infectious diseases? keywords: amphibian; bats; disease; eids; emergence; health; human; pathogens; public; risk; species; virus; wildlife; zoonotic cache: cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt plain text: cord-344408-4ko557n1.txt item: #1120 of 1203 id: cord-344576-upsc9cf8 author: Taylor-Robinson, Andrew W title: A vaccine effective against Zika virus is theoretically possible but may not be delivered anytime soon date: 2016-07-05 words: 2605 flesch: 43 summary: The global spread of Zika virus: is public and media concern justified in regions currently unaffected? Probable non-vector-borne transmission of Zika virus Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus Zika virus: your questions answered Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly -Brazil Detection and sequencing of Zika virus from amniotic fluid of fetuses with microcephaly in Brazil: a case study Novel vaccine strategies against emerging viruses A systems biology approach for diagnostic and vaccine antigen discovery in tropical infectious diseases Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa Mosquitoes and their control Local transmission of Zika virus infection is possible in Australia but should be contained by current vector control measures Introducing new vaccines in developing countries A review of successful flavivirus vaccines and the problems with those flaviviruses for which vaccines are not yet available The Guardian BBC News key: cord-344576-upsc9cf8 authors: Taylor-Robinson, Andrew W title: A vaccine effective against Zika virus is theoretically possible but may not be delivered anytime soon date: 2016-07-05 journal: Res Rep Trop Med DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s108992 sha: doc_id: 344576 cord_uid: upsc9cf8 Following the first report in May 2015 of the unexpected emergence of Zika in north east Brazil, there has been an explosive epidemic of this infection across Latin America. keywords: disease; health; infection; microcephaly; vaccine; virus; zika cache: cord-344576-upsc9cf8.txt plain text: cord-344576-upsc9cf8.txt item: #1121 of 1203 id: cord-344749-omzhhr0k author: Kaya, Sariye Irem title: Electrochemical virus detections with nanobiosensors date: 2020-02-14 words: 8406 flesch: 32 summary: key: cord-344749-omzhhr0k authors: Kaya, Sariye Irem; Karadurmus, Leyla; Ozcelikay, Goksu; Bakirhan, Nurgul K.; Ozkan, Sibel A. title: Electrochemical virus detections with nanobiosensors date: 2020-02-14 journal: Nanosensors for Smart Cities DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819870-4.00017-7 sha: doc_id: 344749 cord_uid: omzhhr0k Infectious diseases are caused from pathogens, which need a reliable and fast diagnosis. Recent progress in electrochemical studies shows that biosensors are very simple, accurate, precise, and cheap at virus detection, for which researchers find great interest in this field. keywords: antigen; biosensor; carbon; cells; detection; disease; dna; electrochemical; electrode; gold; hepatitis; humans; immunosensor; influenza; methods; nanoparticles; pcr; rna; surface; virus; viruses cache: cord-344749-omzhhr0k.txt plain text: cord-344749-omzhhr0k.txt item: #1122 of 1203 id: cord-344782-ond1ziu5 author: Zhang, Jing title: Identification of a novel nidovirus as a potential cause of large scale mortalities in the endangered Bellinger River snapping turtle (Myuchelys georgesi) date: 2018-10-24 words: 6005 flesch: 45 summary: Similarity to other viruses for each of the ORFs and their predicted amino acid sequences were determined by searches using BLASTn and BLASTp [13] algorithms through the NCBI server (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). Ball Python Nidovirus: a Candidate Etiologic Agent for Severe Respiratory Disease in Python regius Identification of a novel nidovirus in an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in ball pythons (Python regius) Novel divergent nidovirus in a python with pneumonia Nidovirus-Associated Proliferative Pneumonia in the Green Tree Python (Morelia viridis) Discovery and partial genomic characterisation of a novel nidovirus associated with respiratory disease in wild shingleback lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere The evolutionary history of vertebrate RNA viruses Programmed translational frameshifting Ribosomal frameshifting on viral RNAs The primary structure and expression of the second open reading frame of the polymerase gene of the coronavirus MHV-A59 a highly conserved polymerase is expressed by an efficient ribosomal frameshifting mechanism An RNA Pseudoknot in the 3' end of the Arterivirus genome has a critical role in regulating viral RNA synthesis Changes to taxonomy and the international code of virus classification and Nomenclature ratified by the international committee on taxonomy of viruses Sequence-based identification of microbial pathogens: a reconsideration of Koch's postulates Molecular comparison of isolates of an emerging fish pathogen, Koi herpesvirus, and the effect of water temperature on mortality of experimentally infected Koi Is horizontal transmission of the ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas affected by unselected or selected survival status in adults to juveniles? keywords: acid; animals; disease; georgesi; min; nidovirus; pcr; python; river; rna; samples; sequence; species; tissues; turtle; virus cache: cord-344782-ond1ziu5.txt plain text: cord-344782-ond1ziu5.txt item: #1123 of 1203 id: cord-344889-1y4ieamp author: Cameron, Robert J. title: Virus infection in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring ventilation date: 2006-05-24 words: 4314 flesch: 42 summary: An attempt to evaluate the relationship Infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with respiratory viruses and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case-control study Bronchial microbial patterns in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation Characterization of distal bronchial microflora during acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Role of inflammatory cells and mediators A model of viral wheeze in nonasthmatic adults: symptoms and physiology Virus-induced asthma attacks Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children Respiratory picornaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus as causative agents of acute expiratory wheezing in children Field's virology, 4th edn Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS/ERS position paper Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure Evaluation of antimicrobial treatment in mechanically ventilated patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations Noninvasive positivepressure ventilation via face mask during bronchoscopy with BAL in high-risk hypoxemic patients Evaluation of a quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in pulmonary diseases Detection of rhinovirus in induced sputum at exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Recent advances in diagnosis and management of chronic bronchitis and emphysema Evidencebased approach to acute exacerbations of COPD Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: when are bacteria important? Impact of sputum bacteria on airway inflammation and health status in clinical stable COPD Relationship between bacterial colonisation and the frequency, character, and severity of COPD exacerbations Natural and experimental rhinovirus infections of the lower respiratory tract Virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in man Low grade rhinovirus infection induces a prolonged release of IL-8 in pulmonary epithelium Detection of rhinovirus RNA in lower airway cells during experimentally induced infection Respiratory viruses, symptoms, and inflammatory markers in acute exacerbations and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Lower respiratory viral illnesses: improved diagnosis by molecular methods and clinical impact Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions Epidemiology and treatment of chronic bronchitis and its exacerbations Respiratory viral infections in adults Respiratory viral infections in adults with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Rapid and sensitive routine detection of all members of the genus enterovirus in different clinical specimens by real-time PCR keywords: cases; chronic; copd; exacerbations; infection; patients; pcr; study; virus cache: cord-344889-1y4ieamp.txt plain text: cord-344889-1y4ieamp.txt item: #1124 of 1203 id: cord-344970-ud1lhkyi author: Fecchi, Katia title: Coronavirus Interplay With Lipid Rafts and Autophagy Unveils Promising Therapeutic Targets date: 2020-08-11 words: 5443 flesch: 25 summary: In contrast, Gassen et al. reported that MERS-CoV activates the SKP2 kinase, consequently reducing Beclin1 (BECN1) activity and inhibiting the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, which results in autophagy inhibition (Gassen et al., 2019) . In general, it has been hypothesized that coronaviruses would induce accumulation of autophagic vacuoles to obtain a larger availability of the membrane structure necessary for their replication (Gassen et al., 2019) , which is consistent to the observed co-localization of the rodent coronavirus, MHV, replication complex, with the autophagic proteins LC3 and Apg12 (Prentice et al., 2004) . keywords: autophagy; cell; coronavirus; covid-19; entry; et al; host; human; hydroxychloroquine; infection; lipid; membrane; rafts; replication; sars; viruses cache: cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt plain text: cord-344970-ud1lhkyi.txt item: #1125 of 1203 id: cord-345020-ai5tib7h author: Price, O. H. title: Using routine testing data to understand circulation patterns of influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses in Victoria, Australia date: 2019-06-17 words: 4187 flesch: 35 summary: The impact of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 on the circulation of respiratory viruses Influenza A/H1N1 2009 pandemic and respiratory virus infections Early occurrence of influenza A epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections Possible interference between seasonal epidemics of influenza and other respiratory viruses in Hong Kong The interferon response circuit: induction and suppression by pathogenic viruses In vitro growth profiles of respiratory syncytial virus in the presence of influenza virus Investigating viral interference between influenza a virus and human respiratory syncytial virus in a Ferret model of infection Interval between infections and viral hierarchy are determinants of viral interference following influenza virus infection in a ferret model Genotypic diversity, circulation patterns, and co-detections among rhinoviruses in Queensland Frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: toward defining clinically relevant cutoff values Do rhinoviruses reduce the probability of viral co-detection during acute respiratory tract infections Rate and influence of respiratory virus co-infection on pandemic (H1N1) influenza disease Communicable Diseases Australia (CDA) -National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) From May 2002 to December 2017, 58 114 clinical specimens were collected from communities and hospitals and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for respiratory virus infection at VIDRL. keywords: epidemics; infection; influenza; rsv; virus; viruses cache: cord-345020-ai5tib7h.txt plain text: cord-345020-ai5tib7h.txt item: #1126 of 1203 id: cord-345157-fhmhpobi author: Qi, Dan title: Virus infection-induced host mRNA degradation and potential application of live cell imaging date: 2018-12-12 words: 2629 flesch: 42 summary: Elife A common strategy for host RNA degradation by divergent viruses Bacteriophage T4-induced shut-off of hostspecific translation Phage-induced change in the stability of mRNAs A tale of two RNAs during viral infection: how viruses antagonize mRNAs and small non-coding RNAs in the host cell Emerging roles for RNA degradation in viral replication and antiviral defense Interplay between viruses and host mRNA degradation Messenger RNA degradation in bacterial cells RNase E: at the interface of bacterial RNA processing and decay The bacterial enzyme RppH triggers messenger RNA degradation by 5' pyrophosphate removal Herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff function Herpes simplex virus mutants defective in the virion-associated shutoff of host polypeptide synthesis and exhibiting abnormal synthesis of alpha (immediate early) viral polypeptides The role of the UL41 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 in evasion of non-specific host defence mechanisms during primary infection The herpes simplex virus host shutoff RNase degrades cellular and viral mRNAs Nsp1, a protein with no known similarity to cellular or viral nucleases from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SCoV) belonging to betacoronavirus family, is reported to induce host mRNA degradation by binding to 40S ribosome keywords: degradation; host; infection; mrna; protein; shutoff; virus; viruses cache: cord-345157-fhmhpobi.txt plain text: cord-345157-fhmhpobi.txt item: #1127 of 1203 id: cord-345168-3w32v2fm author: To, Kelvin K.W. title: Viral load in patients infected with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus date: 2009-11-30 words: 3778 flesch: 44 summary: Comparison was made between patients with pandemic H1N1 virus and seasonal influenza virus infection regarding their demographics, underlying diseases, presenting symptoms, total white blood cell counts, absolute lymphocyte counts, and initial pre-treatment viral load in respiratory specimens on the day of diagnosis. Coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, and duration of symptoms before diagnosis were significantly different between patients with pandemic H1N1 virus and seasonal influenza virus infection (Table I) . keywords: h1n1; influenza; load; patients; symptoms; virus cache: cord-345168-3w32v2fm.txt plain text: cord-345168-3w32v2fm.txt item: #1128 of 1203 id: cord-345359-okmkgsbr author: Ohno, Marumi title: Influenza virus infection affects insulin signaling, fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expressions, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in mice date: 2020-07-02 words: 6504 flesch: 40 summary: Samples collected at 6 dpi showed the greatest effect of PR8 virus infection on serum metabolomes, as indicated by principle component analyses with high contribution rates of principle component 1 (PC1; 51.4%; Supplemental Fig. Moreover, PC1 scores for the control and PR8 virus-infected mice were negative and positive, respectively, suggesting that the PC1 score was positively related to the effects of PR8 virus infection. keywords: acid; cycle; dpi; fatty; glucose; infection; influenza; insulin; levels; mice; pr8; pr8 virus; tca; virus cache: cord-345359-okmkgsbr.txt plain text: cord-345359-okmkgsbr.txt item: #1129 of 1203 id: cord-345654-vyz6f3he author: Dennehy, John J. title: Evolutionary ecology of virus emergence date: 2016-12-30 words: 11489 flesch: 36 summary: Though it is recognized that host populations must overlap in order for virus emergence to take place, virus host alternation has seldom been explored outside of a few laboratory and theoretical studies. Perhaps the most famous case of reassortment leading to the expansion of virus host range comes from the 2009 IAV H1N1 pandemic. keywords: ability; binding; changes; disease; emergence; evolution; example; fitness; genome; host; human; influenza; mutations; novel; populations; range; rates; receptor; recombination; rna; spread; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-345654-vyz6f3he.txt plain text: cord-345654-vyz6f3he.txt item: #1130 of 1203 id: cord-345689-5ns1onkw author: Kusters, Inca C. title: Manufacturing Vaccines for an Emerging Viral Infection–Specific Issues Associated with the Development of a Prototype SARS Vaccine date: 2009-01-30 words: 6221 flesch: 39 summary: In particular, SARS vaccine development is hindered by relatively little information about human CoVs in general. Aetiology: Koch's postulates fulfilled for SARS virus Protection of chickens after live and inactivated virus vaccination against challenge with nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus PA/Wolgemuth/98 Virology: SARS virus infection of cats and ferrets Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys Infectious diseases. keywords: animal; cells; cov; decontamination; development; experience; inactivation; phase; sars; vaccine; vero; virus; viruses cache: cord-345689-5ns1onkw.txt plain text: cord-345689-5ns1onkw.txt item: #1131 of 1203 id: cord-345848-s84lxe6l author: Everitt, Aaron R. title: IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza date: 2012-03-25 words: 4581 flesch: 45 summary: Together these data reveal that the action of a single intrinsic immune effector, IFITM3, profoundly alters the course of influenza virus infection in mouse and humans. Together these data reveal that the action of a single intrinsic immune effector, IFITM3, profoundly alters the course of influenza virus infection in mouse and man. keywords: fig; genotype; human; ifitm3; infection; influenza; lungs; mice; pandemic; protein; supp; virus; −/− cache: cord-345848-s84lxe6l.txt plain text: cord-345848-s84lxe6l.txt item: #1132 of 1203 id: cord-346063-7u1a198p author: De Clercq, Erik title: Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection: targets and strategies for chemotherapeutic intervention date: 2007-05-04 words: 3501 flesch: 33 summary: The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design Efficacy and tolerability of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir in experimental human influenza: randomized, controlled trials for prophylaxis and treatment Potent and long-acting dimeric inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase are effective at a onceweekly dosing regimen Adamantane resistance among influenza A viruses isolated early during the 2005-2006 influenza season in the United States Incidence of adamantane resistance among influenza A (H3N2) viruses isolated worldwide from 1994 to 2005: a cause for concern World Health Organization Global Influenza Program Surveillance Network (2005) Evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses in Asia Evolution and adaptation of H5N1 influenza virus in avian and human hosts in Indonesia and Vietnam Heterocyclic rimantadine analogues with antiviral activity Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of virazole: 1-b-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide Lack of effect of oral ribavirin in naturally occurring influenza I Absence of interferon in lungs from fatal cases of influenza Protection against lethal influenza virus challenge by RNA interference in vivo Inhibition of influenza virus production in virusinfected mice by RNA interference Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in rhesus macaque Inhibition of influenza virus transcription by 2 0 -deoxy-2 0 -fluoroguanosine Mechanism of action of T-705 against influenza virus A novel antiviral agent which inhibits the endonuclease of influenza viruses A novel class of potent influenza virus inhibitors: polysubstituted acylthiourea and its fused heterocycle derivatives Sialidase fusion protein as a novel broadspectrum inhibitor of influenza virus infection Triple antiviral therapy with amantadine for IFN-ribavirin nonresponders with recurrent posttransplantation hepatitis C Clues to the virulence of H5N1 viruses in humans PB2 amino acid at position 627 affects replicative efficiency, but not cell tropism, of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses in mice Molecular basis for high virulence of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses Large-scale sequence analysis of avian influenza isolates Lethality to ferrets of H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from humans and poultry in 2004 keywords: avian; h5n1; influenza; inhibitors; neuraminidase; oseltamivir; virus; viruses cache: cord-346063-7u1a198p.txt plain text: cord-346063-7u1a198p.txt item: #1133 of 1203 id: cord-346096-aml84iv1 author: Bailey, Emily S. title: Molecular surveillance of respiratory viruses with bioaerosol sampling in an airport date: 2018-09-17 words: 2507 flesch: 42 summary: key: cord-346096-aml84iv1 authors: Bailey, Emily S.; Choi, Jessica Y.; Zemke, Juliana; Yondon, Myagmarsukh; Gray, Gregory C. title: Molecular surveillance of respiratory viruses with bioaerosol sampling in an airport date: 2018-09-17 journal: Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines DOI: 10.1186/s40794-018-0071-7 sha: doc_id: 346096 cord_uid: aml84iv1 Recognizing that crowded, high-traffic airports and airplanes have been implicated in respiratory disease transmission, we partnered with administrators of Raleigh Durham International Airport (RDU) in conducting a pilot study of aerosol surveillance for respiratory viruses at RDU. This bioaerosol sampling technique has been adapted for respiratory virus screening in swine production facilities [5] , poultry markets keywords: adenovirus; aerosol; airport; human; influenza; samples; sampling; study; viruses cache: cord-346096-aml84iv1.txt plain text: cord-346096-aml84iv1.txt item: #1134 of 1203 id: cord-346290-my8ow5ee author: Nelson, Philipp P. title: Respiratory Viral Pathogens date: 2020-05-28 words: 4163 flesch: 37 summary: Respiratory virus infection causes an increase in both vascular permeability mediated by vasoactive amines and glandular secretion under the influence of cholinergic reflexes and neuropeptides. Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are respiratory viruses in the family of Paramyxoviridae. keywords: et al; genome; genus; host; human; infections; influenza; protein; respiratory; viruses cache: cord-346290-my8ow5ee.txt plain text: cord-346290-my8ow5ee.txt item: #1135 of 1203 id: cord-346673-kyc1wks5 author: NICKBAKHSH, S. title: Extensive multiplex PCR diagnostics reveal new insights into the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections date: 2016-03-02 words: 5419 flesch: 36 summary: The resultant accumulation of data provides a novel opportunity to investigate viral respiratory infections in a more comprehensive fashion than previously possible. Viral respiratory infections were more likely to be detected in winter, in children aged 1-5 years, and in GP attendees, irrespective of the other factors. keywords: age; episodes; infections; influenza; patient; virus; viruses; years cache: cord-346673-kyc1wks5.txt plain text: cord-346673-kyc1wks5.txt item: #1136 of 1203 id: cord-346836-6jyv0q5e author: Ikegami, Tetsuro title: The Pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever date: 2011-05-06 words: 10467 flesch: 44 summary: I. General features of the infection Rift valley fever virus hepatitis: Light and electron microscopic studies in the mouse Pathogenicity of different strains of rift valley fever virus in swiss albino mice The feulgen reaction 75 years on Demonstration of nuclear immunofluorescence in rift valley fever infected cells Identification of a major non-structural protein in the nuclei of rift valley fever virus-infected cells The carboxy-terminal acidic domain of rift valley fever virus nss protein is essential for the formation of filamentous structures but not for the nuclear localization of the protein Rapid accumulation of virulent rift valley fever virus in mice from an attenuated virus carrying a single nucleotide substitution in the m rna The susceptibility of rats to rift valley fever in relation to age Pathogenesis of rift valley fever Inbred rat strains mimic the disparate human response to rift valley fever virus infection Pathogenesis of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) in inbred rats Resistance to rift valley fever virus in rattus norvegicus: Genetic variability within certain 'inbred' strains Active and passive immunization against rift valley fever virus infection in syrian hamsters The gerbil, meriones unguiculatus, a model for rift valley fever viral encephalitis Experimental rift valley fever in rhesus macaques Pathogenesis of rift valley fever in rhesus monkeys: Role of interferon response Prevention of rift valley fever in rhesus monkeys with interferon-alpha The infectivity of rift valley fever for monkeys Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Replication and dissemination of rift valley fever virus in culex pipiens Vector potential of selected north american mosquito species for rift valley fever virus Vector competence of a houston, texas strain of aedes albopictus for rift valley fever virus Report of a fatal laboratory infection complicated by thrombophlebitis Laboratory infections with the virus of rift valley fever Am Rift valley fever : A report of three cases of laboratory infection and the experimental transmission of the disease to ferrets Human infection with rift valley fever virus and immunity twelve years after single attack Rift valley fever; accidental infections among laboratory workers Rift valley fever; i. keywords: cells; days; fever; fever virus; host; infection; liver; mice; nss; patients; protein; rats; replication; rift; rift valley; rna; rvfv; valley; valley fever; virus; week cache: cord-346836-6jyv0q5e.txt plain text: cord-346836-6jyv0q5e.txt item: #1137 of 1203 id: cord-346853-0c1qdjb5 author: Holmes, E. C. title: The Evolutionary Genetics of Viral Emergence date: 2007 words: 6127 flesch: 35 summary: Although the engine of RNA virus evolution is undoubtedly their high mutation rate, there is mounting evidence that the genetic variability observed in RNA virus populations can be shaped, in part, by recombination. The broadest division in virus classification is between those viruses in which the genome is composed of DNA (DNA viruses) and those where the genomic nucleic acid comprises RNA (RNA viruses), with the latter also usually considered to include retroviruses that make a DNA copy of the RNA genome through reverse transcription. keywords: emergence; et al; evolution; host; human; rna; species; transmission; viruses cache: cord-346853-0c1qdjb5.txt plain text: cord-346853-0c1qdjb5.txt item: #1138 of 1203 id: cord-346904-aa88gtzr author: Bao, Y. title: Virus Classification by Pairwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) date: 2008-07-30 words: 3833 flesch: 48 summary: It calculates the pairwise identities of virus sequences within a virus family and displays their distributions, and can help determine demarcations at different taxonomic levels such as strain, species, genus, and subfamily levels. Molecular virus classification based on virus sequences has been used increasingly in recent years, thanks to the growing number of viral sequences available in the public sequence databases. keywords: alignments; classification; families; pasc; sequences; virus; viruses cache: cord-346904-aa88gtzr.txt plain text: cord-346904-aa88gtzr.txt item: #1139 of 1203 id: cord-346906-1wmp43ti author: Lewandowski, Kuiama title: Metagenomic Nanopore Sequencing of Influenza Virus Direct from Clinical Respiratory Samples date: 2019-12-23 words: 6771 flesch: 36 summary: To our knowledge, this is the first report of successfully applying metagenomic Nanopore sequencing directly to respiratory samples to detect influenza virus and generate influenza virus sequences. Having demonstrated our ability to retrieve influenza virus sequences from pooled influenza virus-positive material diluted with negative samples, we next applied our methods to individual anonymized clinical samples, with 40 samples testing influenza virus positive and 10 samples testing influenza virus negative in the clinical diagnostic laboratory. keywords: copies; data; fig; genome; influenza; min; nanopore; reads; rna; samples; sensitivity; sequence; sequencing; time; virus cache: cord-346906-1wmp43ti.txt plain text: cord-346906-1wmp43ti.txt item: #1140 of 1203 id: cord-346916-jj4l9ydl author: Girardi, Erika title: Roadblocks and fast tracks: How RNA binding proteins affect the viral RNA journey in the cell date: 2020-08-23 words: 13150 flesch: 37 summary: genomic RNA Protein kinase r degradation is essential for rift valley fever virus infection and is regulated by SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF)FBXW11-NSs E3 ligase Viral encounters with 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and RNase L during the interferon antiviral response New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity Molecular mechanisms for the adaptive switching between the OAS/RNase l and OASL/RIG-I pathways in birds and mammals Homologous 2',5'-phosphodiesterases from disparate RNA viruses antagonize antiviral innate immunity Attacked from all sides: RNA decay in antiviral defense The host nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway restricts Mammalian RNA virus replication Competing and noncompeting activities of miR-122 and the 5' exonuclease Xrn1 in regulation of hepatitis C virus replication Stabilization of hepatitis C virus RNA by an Ago2-miR-122 complex Zika virus produces noncoding RNAs using a multipseudoknot structure that confounds a cellular exonuclease The structural basis of pathogenic subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) production RNA structures that resist degradation by Xrn1 produce a pathogenic Dengue virus RNA Full genome sequence and sfRNA interferon antagonist activity of zika virus from Recife, Brazil RNA structures required for production of subgenomic flavivirus RNA Dengue subgenomic RNA binds TRIM25 to inhibit interferon expression for epidemiological fitness A noncoding RNA produced by arthropod-borne flaviviruses inhibits the cellular exoribonuclease XRN1 and alters host mRNA stability A highly structured, nuclease-resistant, noncoding RNA produced by flaviviruses is required for pathogenicity An RNA pseudoknot is required for production of yellow fever virus subgenomic RNA by the host nuclease XRN1 Zika virus noncoding RNA suppresses apoptosis and is required for virus transmission by mosquitoes Noncoding flavivirus RNA displays RNA interference suppressor activity in insect and mammalian cells Viruses: overturning RNA turnover Stem-loop recognition by DDX17 facilitates miRNA processing and antiviral defense The zinc-finger antiviral protein recruits the RNA processing exosome to degrade the target mRNA CG dinucleotide suppression enables antiviral defence targeting non-self RNA KHNYN is essential for the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) to restrict HIV-1 containing clustered CpG dinucleotides ZAP's stress granule localization is correlated with its antiviral activity and induced by virus replication RNA-binding activity of TRIM25 is mediated by its PRY/ SPRY domain and is required for ubiquitination TRIM25 enhances the antiviral action of zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) MCPIP1 ribonuclease exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral effects through viral RNA binding and degradation MCPIP1 suppresses hepatitis C virus replication and negatively regulates virus-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses RNase L releases a small RNA from HCV RNA that refolds into a potent PAMP Activation and evasion of the antiviral 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L pathway by hepatitis C virus mRNA Essential function in vivo for Dicer-2 in host defense against RNA viruses in drosophila Cross-species comparative analysis of Dicer proteins during Sindbis virus infection RNA interference functions as an antiviral immunity mechanism in mammals Antiviral RNA interference in mammalian cells Flavivirus induces and antagonizes antiviral RNA interference in both mammals and mosquitoes The evolution of antiviral defense systems Human virus-derived small RNAs can confer antiviral immunity in mammals Induction and suppression of antiviral RNA interference by influenza A virus in mammalian cells Viruses and RNA interference: issues and controversies No evidence for viral small RNA production and antiviral function of Argonaute 2 in human cells RNase III nucleases from diverse kingdoms serve as antiviral effectors Making the mark: the role of adenosine modifications in the life cycle of RNA viruses Innate immune restriction and antagonism of viral RNA lacking 2‫-׳‬O methylation RNA modifications: what have we learned and where are we headed? Host factors in positive-strand RNA virus genome replication Human host factors required for influenza virus replication Genetic dissection of Flaviviridae host factors through genome-scale CRISPR screens Diverse roles of host RNA binding proteins in RNA virus replication CRISPR-Cas immunity in prokaryotes Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs Combating emerging viral threats The global distribution and burden of dengue Virus: new clinical syndromes and its emergence in the western hemisphere Emergence of a novel human coronavirus threatening human health Sensing of RNA viruses: a review of innate immune receptors involved in recognizing RNA virus invasion The innate antiviral response in animals: an evolutionary perspective from flagellates to humans Discriminating self from non-self in nucleic acid sensing Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses Toll-like receptors in antiviral innate immunity Innate antiviral responses by means of TLR7-mediated recognition of single-stranded RNA Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8 Toll-like receptor 3 is an essential component of the innate stress response in virus-induced cardiac injury Human TLR3 recognizes dengue virus and modulates viral replication in vitro Zika virus depletes neural progenitors in human cerebral organoids through activation of the innate immune receptor TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3 in viral pathogenesis: friend or foe? RIG-I-like receptors: their regulation and roles in RNA sensing 5'-Triphosphate RNA is the ligand for RIG-I RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses to single-stranded RNA bearing 5'-phosphates Recognition of 5' triphosphate by RIG-I helicase requires short blunt double-stranded RNA as contained in panhandle of negative-strand virus 5'-triphosphate RNA requires base-paired structures to activate antiviral signaling via RIG-I Processing of genome 5' termini as a strategy of negative-strand RNA viruses to avoid RIG-I-dependent interferon induction Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses Cell type-specific involvement of RIG-I in antiviral response RIG-I recognizes the 5' region of dengue and Zika virus genomes Balancing act: MDA5 in Antiviral Immunity and Autoinflammation MDA5 assembles into a polar helical filament on dsRNA Enterovirus 2Apro targets MDA5 and MAVS in infected cells MDA5 detects the double-stranded RNA replicative form in picornavirus-infected cells How flaviviruses activate and suppress the interferon response MDA5 is critical to host defense during infection with murine coronavirus LGP2 is a positive regulator of RIG-I-and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses The RNA helicase Lgp2 inhibits TLR-independent sensing of viral replication by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I Loss of DExD/H box RNA helicase LGP2 manifests disparate antiviral responses The RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 inhibits Dicer-dependent processing of long double-stranded RNA and blocks RNA interference in mammalian cells DEAD-box helicases: sensors, regulators, and effectors for antiviral defense Type 1 interferons and the virus-host relationship: a lesson in détente Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors Involvement of the interferon-regulated antiviral proteins PKR and RNase L in reovirus-induced shutoff of cellular translation Doublestranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses RNA dimerization promotes PKR dimerization and activation Viral double-stranded RNAs from vaccinia virus early or intermediate gene transcripts possess PKR activating function, resulting in NF-kappaB activation, when the K1 protein is absent or mutated Regulation of innate immunity through RNA structure and the protein kinase PKR Translational control in virus-infected cells A cap-to-Tail guide to mRNA translation strategies in virus-infected cells Viral noncoding RNAs: more surprises Inhibition of the protein kinase PKR by the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus keywords: antiviral; binding; cap; cells; cellular; dsrna; factors; fig; host; infection; initiation; interactions; mrna; pkr; protein; rbps; replication; ribosome; rig; rna; rnas; translation; viral; virus; viruses; vrna cache: cord-346916-jj4l9ydl.txt plain text: cord-346916-jj4l9ydl.txt item: #1141 of 1203 id: cord-347039-eap592i7 author: Lee, Seung-Hwan title: Maneuvering for advantage: the genetics of mouse susceptibility to virus infection date: 2003-08-31 words: 6191 flesch: 32 summary: To date more than 30 mouse loci (Table 1 ) and many fewer human genes ( Table 2 ) have been associated with the outcome of virus infection [1, 2] . In this review we illustrate the contribution of mouse genetics to our understanding of mechanisms of host resistance to virus infection. keywords: cells; class; gene; host; human; infection; mhc; mice; mouse; receptor; resistance; strains; susceptibility; virus cache: cord-347039-eap592i7.txt plain text: cord-347039-eap592i7.txt item: #1142 of 1203 id: cord-347465-yu6oj30v author: Kurskaya, Olga title: Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in Novosibirsk City, Russia (2013 – 2017) date: 2018-09-18 words: 3385 flesch: 39 summary: Prevalence of respiratory viruses among children hospitalized from respiratory infections in Shenzhen, China Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections Role of respiratory viruses in acute upper and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life: a birth cohort study Multiplex real-time PCR for detection of respiratory tract infections Epidemiology of human respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Jinan, China Respiratory virus infections in hospitalized children and adults in Lao PDR. [32] and it may be due to decreased sensitivity to respiratory virus infections in older children. keywords: age; aris; children; infections; influenza; respiratory; viruses cache: cord-347465-yu6oj30v.txt plain text: cord-347465-yu6oj30v.txt item: #1143 of 1203 id: cord-347509-2ysw9a0a author: Aronen, Matti title: Virus Etiology of Airway Illness in Elderly Adults date: 2016-06-20 words: 1759 flesch: 38 summary: In the 729 episodes, age (range 65-100) was not associated with detection of respiratory viruses (P = .49), but the presence of a virus, especially influenza (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.70, 95% CI = 2.73-21.72), two or more major comorbidities (CIRS-G Grade 3 or 4) (aOR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.26-5.87), MMSE score less Arterial stiffness is associated with low thigh muscle mass in middle-aged to elderly men Is frailty associated with cardiovascular drug use? Frailty in older adults: Evidence for a phenotype Antihypertensive medications and differences in muscle mass in older persons: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study Relation between use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and muscle strength and physical function in older women: An observational study Effect of perindopril on physical function in elderly people with functional impairment: A randomized controlled trial Association between frailty and carotid central structure changes: The Three-City Study Associations of central and brachial blood pressure with cognitive function: A population-based study Cognitive function in the prefrailty and frailty syndrome Antihypertensive drugs, prevention of cognitive decline and dementia: A systematic review of observational studies, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, with discussion of potential mechanisms A diverse group of previously unrecognized human rhinoviruses are common causes of respiratory illnesses in infants New respiratory viruses and the elderly The diagnosis of viral respiratory disease in older adults Respiratory viral infections in the elderly Identification of respiratory viruses in asymptomatic subjects: Asymptomatic respiratory viral infections Human bocavirus: A novel parvovirus epidemiologically associated with pneumonia requiring hospitalization in Thailand Respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage: A hospital-based cohort study in adults Human bocavirus-the first 5 years Obesity as a risk factor for severe influenza-like illness The weight of obesity on the human immune response to vaccination keywords: adults; information; symptoms; virus; viruses cache: cord-347509-2ysw9a0a.txt plain text: cord-347509-2ysw9a0a.txt item: #1144 of 1203 id: cord-347577-p0a2rboi author: Bibby, Kyle title: Persistence of Ebola Virus in Sterilized Wastewater date: 2015-08-17 words: 3218 flesch: 40 summary: The necessity of evaluating Ebola virus persistence in wastewater matrices has previously been highlighted, as wastewater in Ebola virus outbreak settings may be temporarily held in open containers or disposed of in open sewers. While it remains unknown if Ebola virus may be transmitted via wastewater, these data demonstrate a potential exposure route to infectious Ebola virus via wastewater and emphasize the value of a precautionary approach to wastewater handling in an epidemic response. keywords: days; ebola; exposure; inactivation; persistence; time; virus; wastewater cache: cord-347577-p0a2rboi.txt plain text: cord-347577-p0a2rboi.txt item: #1145 of 1203 id: cord-347710-ff64y6ef author: Wan, Qianya title: Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development date: 2020-07-13 words: 36727 flesch: 38 summary: First, Hsp90 works as a classic chaperone protein to stabilize virus proteins. 57, 473 Except for promoting viral protein translation by binding with the viral IRES sequence, hnRNPs can directly bind with virus proteins to facilitate virus replication. keywords: a71; activation; activity; antiviral; apoptosis; atp; binding; c virus; cells; chaperone; complex; diseases; dna; domain; entry; expression; factor; family; folding; formation; function; gene; hbv; hcv; heat; heat shock; hepatitis; hnrnp; hnrnp a1; host; hsc70; hsp27; hsp90; human; infection; influenza; influenza virus; inhibitors; interaction; kinase; mrna; nuclear; nucleus; polymerase; protein; response; rna; role; shock protein; splicing; stress; terminal; transcription; translation; type; viral; virus; virus infection; virus replication; virus rna; virus type; viruses cache: cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt plain text: cord-347710-ff64y6ef.txt item: #1146 of 1203 id: cord-347727-wka9q98s author: Vong, Sirenda title: Assessment of Ebola virus disease preparedness in the WHO South-East Asia Region date: 2016-12-01 words: 4902 flesch: 41 summary: key: cord-347727-wka9q98s authors: Vong, Sirenda; Samuel, Reuben; Gould, Philip; El Sakka, Hammam; Rana, Bardan J; Pinyowiwat, Vason; Bezbaruah, Supriya; Ofrin, Roderico title: Assessment of Ebola virus disease preparedness in the WHO South-East Asia Region date: 2016-12-01 journal: To conduct assessments of Ebola virus disease preparedness in countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) South-East Asia Region. keywords: assessment; capacity; countries; country; disease; ebola; health; indonesia; level; preparedness; response; risk; task; thailand; virus cache: cord-347727-wka9q98s.txt plain text: cord-347727-wka9q98s.txt item: #1147 of 1203 id: cord-348141-eskefcwk author: Herrington, CS title: Viruses and disease: emerging concepts for prevention, diagnosis and treatment date: 2014-12-11 words: 2121 flesch: 32 summary: Similarly, Lucas and Nelson combine to provide an equally comprehensive review of the diversity of diseases associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, including discussing the additional problems that are likely to be encountered as successfully treated HIV-infected individuals age [9] . Orphan viruses, orphan diseases: still the raw material for virus discovery Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses Pathogenesis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections Animal models of disease shed light on Nipah virus pathogenesis and transmission The molecular pathology of noroviruses Tissue tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of enterovirus infection HIV and the spectrum of human disease Molecular biology, pathogenesis and pathology of mumps virus Pathological consequences of systemic measles virus infection RSV and its propensity for causing bronchiolitis The olfactory nerve: a shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system The pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus Pathogenesis of varicelloviruses in primates The history of tumor virology Why do viruses cause cancer? keywords: disease; human; pathogenesis; pathology; virus; viruses cache: cord-348141-eskefcwk.txt plain text: cord-348141-eskefcwk.txt item: #1148 of 1203 id: cord-348161-757c51xw author: Petrosova, A. title: Development of a highly sensitive, field operable biosensor for serological studies of Ebola virus in central Africa date: 2007-03-26 words: 5431 flesch: 41 summary: When modified into an easyto-use procedure, this technology might be used in the future in a field operable clinical tool for Ebola virus antibody screening. key: cord-348161-757c51xw authors: Petrosova, A.; Konry, T.; Cosnier, S.; Trakht, I.; Lutwama, J.; Rwaguma, E.; Chepurnov, A.; Mühlberger, E.; Lobel, L.; Marks, R.S. title: Development of a highly sensitive, field operable biosensor for serological studies of Ebola virus in central Africa date: 2007-03-26 journal: Sens Actuators B Chem DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2006.07.005 sha: doc_id: 348161 cord_uid: 757c51xw We describe herein a newly developed optical immunosensor for detection of antibodies directed against antigens of the Ebola virus strains Zaire and Sudan. keywords: antibodies; antibody; detection; ebola; ebola virus; elisa; fiber; human; igg; immunosensor; sera; solution; sudan; virus; zaire cache: cord-348161-757c51xw.txt plain text: cord-348161-757c51xw.txt item: #1149 of 1203 id: cord-348163-9q1rt8i7 author: Hussein, Hosni A. M. title: Beyond RGD: virus interactions with integrins date: 2015-09-01 words: 5970 flesch: 30 summary: The most common of these motifs is the minimal peptide sequence for binding integrins, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp), which is known for its role in virus infection via its ability to interact with over half of the more than 20 known integrins. RGD is the minimal peptide sequence for binding integrins. keywords: adhesion; binding; cells; entry; human; infection; integrins; interactions; internalization; receptors; rgd; role; signaling; virus; viruses cache: cord-348163-9q1rt8i7.txt plain text: cord-348163-9q1rt8i7.txt item: #1150 of 1203 id: cord-348427-worgd0xu author: Hatcher, Eneida L. title: Virus Variation Resource – improved response to emergent viral outbreaks date: 2017-01-04 words: 5555 flesch: 43 summary: When searching protein sequences, selecting 'Full-length sequences only' filter, limits retrieved sequences to those with a complete coding region as determined to the relevant reference. Here, protein reference sequences are aligned with potential translations of the query sequence. keywords: annotation; data; metadata; nucleotide; protein; records; resource; search; sequences; terms; variation; virus; viruses cache: cord-348427-worgd0xu.txt plain text: cord-348427-worgd0xu.txt item: #1151 of 1203 id: cord-348669-mizygp4j author: Beall, Anne title: Characterization of a Pathogenic Full-Length cDNA Clone and Transmission Model for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC22A date: 2016-01-05 words: 6058 flesch: 35 summary: in conventional 9-day-old nursing piglets vs. 26-day-old weaned pigs Swine enteric coronavirus diseases (SECD), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv) Origin, evolution, and virulence of porcine deltacoronaviruses in the United States A novel pathogenic mammalian orthoreovirus from diarrheic pigs and swine blood meal in the United States Distinct characteristics and complex evolution of PEDV strains Understanding human coronavirus HCoV-NL63 Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea in suckling piglets Origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the United States US-like strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreaks in Taiwan Porcine epidemic diarrhea: a review of current epidemiology and available vaccines Receptor usage and cell entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus uses cellsurface heparan sulfate as an attachment factor Genome organization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus Mutations in the spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus associated with growth adaptation in vitro and attenuation of virulence in vivo Receptor-bound porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein cleaved by trypsin induces membrane fusion Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus E protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and up-regulates interleukin-8 expression Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus N protein prolongs S-phase cell cycle, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, and up-regulates interleukin-8 expression Completion of the porcine epidemic diarrhoea coronavirus (PEDV) genome sequence PEDV ORF3 encodes an ion channel protein and regulates virus production Manipulation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome using targeted RNA recombination Cell culture isolation and sequence analysis of genetically diverse US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains including a novel strain with a large deletion in the spike gene Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Systematic assembly of a full-length infectious clone of human coronavirus NL63 Development of mouse hepatitis virus and The appearance of the porcine respiratory coronavirus has created new problems and perspectives Detection and genetic characterization of deltacoronavirus in pigs Genetic manipulation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) recovered from a full-length infectious cDNA clone Determination of the infectious titer and virulence of an original US porcine epidemic diarrhea virus PC22A strain Avian influenza virus transmission to mammals Resolution of the cellular proteome of the nucleocapsid protein from a highly pathogenic isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identifies PARP-1 as a cellular target whose interaction is critical for virus biology USDA licenses first vaccine for porcine epidemic diarrhea. keywords: cells; coronavirus; culture; diarrhea; epidemic; icpedv; orf3; pc22a; pedv; pigs; porcine; protein; rfp; strain; transmission; virus cache: cord-348669-mizygp4j.txt plain text: cord-348669-mizygp4j.txt item: #1152 of 1203 id: cord-348860-zaimorg0 author: Ratra, Ruchi title: Functional genomics as a tool in virus research date: 2008-06-01 words: 3382 flesch: 34 summary: Besides targeting specifi c viral genes, the host genes essential for the viral cycle may serve as antiviral targets based on the fact that viruses employ several strategies to alter host gene expression. The expression of viral genes: EBNA1, EBNA2, EBNA3A, EBNA3B, LMP1, and LMP2A were found to be correlated among themselves and inversely correlated with the expression of a large subset of host genes, such as multiple MHC class I HLA genes involved in regulating immune response via antigen presentation. keywords: analysis; dna; expression; gene; genome; genomics; microarray; rna; virus; viruses cache: cord-348860-zaimorg0.txt plain text: cord-348860-zaimorg0.txt item: #1153 of 1203 id: cord-348867-c0xpzd4d author: Zhai, Jun-Qiong title: First complete genome sequence of parainfluenza virus 5 isolated from lesser panda date: 2017-01-30 words: 1985 flesch: 42 summary: Moreover, PIV5 nucleotide sequences were also detected in nasal swab samples from northeast tiger and south China tiger collected in 2016 in the same zoo, and their F genes were close to the lesser panda-origin PIV5 strain described here (data not shown). Measles, mumps, rubella, and human parvovirus B19 infections and neurologic disease Temporal, geographic, and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1 (Newcastle disease virus) Genome characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a lineage IV peste des petits ruminants virus in southern China Diversity of susceptible hosts in canine distemper virus infection: a systematic review and data synthesis New viral agents recovered from tissue cultures of monkey cells. keywords: canine; genome; parainfluenza; piv5; sequence; virus; zoo cache: cord-348867-c0xpzd4d.txt plain text: cord-348867-c0xpzd4d.txt item: #1154 of 1203 id: cord-348876-v55piprx author: Zhao, Guangyu title: An M2e-based multiple antigenic peptide vaccine protects mice from lethal challenge with divergent H5N1 influenza viruses date: 2010-01-18 words: 3582 flesch: 43 summary: M2e vaccine designed on sequences of human influenza virus H1, H2 or H3 subtype may not provide the same protection against H5N1 virus leading to human infections [11] . Production of site-specific antibodies to the T cell antigen receptor beta-chain Long-term high-titer neutralizing activity induced by octameric synthetic HIV-1 antigen Roles of adjuvant and route of vaccination in antibody response and protection engendered by a synthetic matrix protein 2-based influenza A virus vaccine in the mouse pathogenic and potentially pandemic H5N1 influenza virus in eastern Asia Emergence and predominance of an H5N1 influenza variant in China Establishment of multiple sublineages of H5N1 influenza virus in Asia: implications for pandemic control Immunization by avian H5 influenza hemagglutinin mutants with altered receptor binding specificity H5N1 outbreaks and enzootic influenza Sequence comparison between the extracellular domain of M2 protein human and avian influenza keywords: h5n1; influenza; m2e; map; mice; protection; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-348876-v55piprx.txt plain text: cord-348876-v55piprx.txt item: #1155 of 1203 id: cord-349011-kxhpdvri author: Grandvaux, Nathalie title: CSV2018: The 2nd Symposium of the Canadian Society for Virology date: 2019-01-18 words: 8846 flesch: 37 summary: Traditionally, flow cytometry has been a very useful approach to study virus infection on a single-cell basis, but viruses themselves have been too small to analyze due to the 0.5 µm resolution of most instruments. Dr. Noyce discussed the technical challenges associated with using synthetic biology as a tool to build new viruses, as well as biosafety and ethical considerations. keywords: antiviral; cas; cells; crispr; dalhousie; genome; host; human; infection; nuclear; pandemic; receptors; research; rna; science; session; studies; university; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-349011-kxhpdvri.txt plain text: cord-349011-kxhpdvri.txt item: #1156 of 1203 id: cord-349225-504kr50e author: Alcami, Antonio title: Viral mechanisms of immune evasion date: 2000-09-01 words: 3615 flesch: 35 summary: The basic concepts of virus immune evasion will be discussed, with some examples to illustrate particular points; however, space constraints have not allowed a comprehensive review of all immune-evasion strategies. key: cord-349225-504kr50e authors: Alcami, Antonio; Koszinowski, Ulrich H. title: Viral mechanisms of immune evasion date: 2000-09-01 journal: Mol Med Today DOI: 10.1016/s1357-4310(00)01775-5 sha: doc_id: 349225 cord_uid: 504kr50e During the millions of years they have coexisted with their hosts, viruses have learned how to manipulate host immune control mechanisms. keywords: cell; class; functions; genes; host; mhc; proteins; receptors; virus; viruses cache: cord-349225-504kr50e.txt plain text: cord-349225-504kr50e.txt item: #1157 of 1203 id: cord-349249-jwvz1ux2 author: Singh, Gagandeep title: A Minimally Replicative Vaccine Protects Vaccinated Piglets Against Challenge With the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus date: 2019-10-22 words: 6560 flesch: 39 summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the heat and RNAse treated PEDV vaccine for its safety, immunogenicity and ability to reduce viremia in a weanling piglet model, with the ultimate goal of developing a process which can potentially reduce lead vaccine development time, is safe and be easily applied to newly emerging strains. At DPC 3 and 7, challenge viral RNA was not detected in any of the pigs vaccinated with the heat and RNAse treated PEDV vaccine (Figure 4) , while 4 of the 6 pigs administered the irradiated vaccine were positive by RT-qPCR on DPC3. keywords: challenge; diarrhea; epidemic; heat; pedv; piglets; pigs; porcine; protein; rnase; spike; vaccine; virus cache: cord-349249-jwvz1ux2.txt plain text: cord-349249-jwvz1ux2.txt item: #1158 of 1203 id: cord-349358-leicos9j author: Ketzinel‐Gilad, Mali title: RNA interference for antiviral therapy date: 2006-06-16 words: 12748 flesch: 38 summary: siRNAs targeting the SARS-CoV RNA polymerase gene inhibited viral RNA replication, protein synthesis and reduced the viral cytopathic effects on Vero cells [36] . A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1 RNA interference of HIV replication Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of DC-SIGN expression inhibits human immunodeficiency virus transmission from dendritic cells to T cells Modulating HIV-1 replication by RNA interference directed against human transcription elongation factor SPT5 Inhibition of respiratory viruses by nasally administered siRNA The promise of siRNAs for the treatment of influenza Inhibition of coxsackievirus B3 replication by small interfering RNAs requires perfect sequence match in the central region of the viral positive strand Inhibition of SARS-CoV replication by siRNA Actively replicating West Nile virus is resistant to cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA Use of RNA interference to prevent lethal murine West Nile virus infection An siRNA-based microbicide protects mice from lethal herpes simplex virus 2 infection Small interfering RNA inhibits hepatitis B virus replication in mice Short interfering RNA-directed inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication Inhibition of HBV replication by siRNA in a stable HBV-producing cell line Inhibition of hepatitis B virus expression and replication by RNA interference Inhibition of hepatitis B virus in mice by RNA interference Effective inhibition of HBV replication in vivo by anti-HBx short hairpin RNAs Knock-down of hepatitis B virus X protein reduces the tumorigenicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells Genomic analysis of anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity by small interfering RNA and lamivudine in stable HBV-producing cells Small hairpin RNAs efficiently inhibit hepatitis C IRES-mediated gene expression in human tissue culture cells and a mouse model Inhibition of hepatitis C virus translation and subgenomic replication by siRNAs directed against highly conserved HCV sequence and cellular HCV cofactors Lentiviral delivery of short hairpin RNAs protects CD4 T cells from multiple clades and primary isolates of HIV HIV-1 can escape from RNA interference by evolving an alternative structure in its RNA genome Evidence that HIV-1 encodes an siRNA and a suppressor of RNA silencing HIV-1 nef suppression by virally encoded microRNA Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 transcription by nef microRNA Lentiviral siRNAs targeting multiple highly conserved RNA sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Identification of cellular deoxyhypusine synthase as a novel target for antiretroviral therapy Computational design of antiviral RNA interference strategies that resist human immunodeficiency virus escape RNAi induction and activation in mammalian muscle cells where Dicer and eIF2C translation initiation factors are barely expressed RNA silencing as a plant immune system against viruses Induction and suppression of RNA silencing by an animal virus Nucleic acid-based immune system: the antiviral potential of mammalian RNA silencing Adenosine kinase inhibition and suppression of RNA silencing by geminivirus AL2 and L2 proteins Effects and side-effects of viral RNA silencing suppressors on short RNAs The coat protein of turnip crinkle virus suppresses posttranscriptional gene silencing at an early initiation step A viral protein inhibits the long range signaling activity of the gene silencing signal A viral protein suppresses RNA silencing and binds silencing-generated, 21-to 25-nucleotide double-stranded RNAs Virus-encoded suppressor of posttranscriptional gene silencing targets a maintenance step in the silencing pathway P1/HC-Pro, a viral suppressor of RNA silencing, interferes with Arabidopsis development and miRNA unction Suppression of posttranscriptional gene silencing by a plant viral protein localized in the nucleus Interferon antagonist proteins of influenza and vaccinia viruses are suppressors of RNA silencing A virus-encoded inhibitor that blocks RNA interference in mammalian cells Adenovirus VA1 noncoding RNA can inhibit small interfering RNA and MicroRNA biogenesis Suppression of RNA interference by adenovirus virus-associated RNA Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escapes from RNA interferencemediated inhibition Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escape from RNA interference Hepatitis C virus replicons escape RNA interference induced by a short interfering RNA directed against the NS5b coding region Inhibition of hepatitis B virus gene expression by single and dual small interfering RNA treatment Expression profiling reveals off-target gene regulation by RNAi Activation of the interferon system by short-interfering RNAs Cationic liposome-mediated delivery of siRNAs in adult mice Small interfering RNAs mediate sequence-independent gene suppression and induce immune activation by signaling through toll-like receptor 3 Sequence-dependent stimulation of the mammalian innate immune response by synthetic siRNA A system for stable expression of short interfering RNAs in mammalian cells Determinants of interferon-stimulated gene induction by RNAi vectors An enhanced U6 promoter for synthesis of short hairpin RNA Short hairpin type of dsRNAs that are controlled by tRNA(Val) promoter significantly induce RNAimediated gene silencing in the cytoplasm of human cells Promoter choice affects the potency of HIV-1 specific RNA interference Development and application of siRNA expression vector Conditional suppression of cellular genes: lentivirus vector-mediated drug-inducible RNA interference Short-term cytotoxic effects and longterm instability of RNAi delivered using lentiviral vectors Efficient delivery of siRNA for inhibition of gene expression in postnatal mice RNA interference in mammalian cells by chemically-modified RNA RNA interference targeting Fas protects mice from fulminant hepatitis In vivo activity of nuclease-resistant siRNAs Functional anatomy of siRNAs for mediating efficient RNAi in Drosophila melanogaster embryo lysate siRNA function in RNAi: a chemical modification analysis Functional anatomy of a dsRNA trigger: differential requirement for the two trigger strands in RNA interference Challenges for RNAi in vivo Activity of stabilized short interfering RNA in a mouse model of hepatitis B virus replication siRNA relieves chronic neuropathic pain Potent and persistent in vivo anti-HBV activity of chemically modified siRNAs Inhibition of influenza virus production in virus-infected mice by RNA interference Protection against lethal influenza virus challenge by RNA interference in vivo Atelocollagenmediated synthetic small interfering RNA delivery for effective gene silencing in vitro and in vivo Intravenous RNA interference gene therapy targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor prolongs survival in intracranial brain cancer Recombinant viral capsids as an efficient vehicle of oligonucleotide delivery into cells Adenovirus vectormediated doxycycline-inducible RNA interference Conditionally replicating adenoviruses expressing short hairpin RNAs silence the expression of a target gene in cancer cells Inducible, reversible, and stable RNA interference in mammalian cells Cre-lox-regulated conditional RNA interference from transgenes CRE recombinase-inducible RNA interference mediated by lentiviral vectors Lentiviral vector-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA results in persistent knockdown of gene expression in mouse brain RNAi suppresses polyglutamine-induced neurodegeneration in a model of spinocerebellar ataxia First Parkinson gene therapy trial launches Optimization of an siRNA-expression system with an improved hairpin and its significant suppressive effects in mammalian cells Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide Antisense oligonucleotides: promise and reality LNA: a versatile tool for therapeutics and genomics Rational siRNA design for RNA interference Asymmetry in the assembly of the RNAi enzyme complex Functional siRNAs and miRNAs exhibit strand bias Attenuation of SARS coronavirus by a short hairpin RNA expression plasmid targeting RNAdependent RNA polymerase Silencing SARS-CoV Spike protein expression in cultured cells by RNA interference Using siRNA in prophylactic and therapeutic regimens against SARS coronavirus in Rhesus macaque RNA interference targeting VP1 inhibits foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in BHK-21 cells and suckling mice Small interfering RNA molecules as potential anti-human rhinovirus agents: in vitro potency, specificity, and mechanism Susceptibility of human hepatitis delta virus RNAs to small interfering RNA action RNA interference against enterovirus 71 infection Inhibition of porcine endogenous retroviruses by RNA interference: increasing the safety of xenotransplantation Enhanced gene silencing of HIV-1 specific siRNA using microRNA designed hairpins Expression of small hairpin RNA by lentivirus-based vector confers efficient and stable gene-suppression of HIV-1 on human cells including primary non-dividing cells Inhibition of HIV-1 by lentiviral vector-transduced siRNAs in T lymphocytes differentiated in SCID-hu mice and CD34+ progenitor cellderived macrophages Efficient gene transfer of HIV-1-specific short hairpin RNA into human lymphocytic cells using recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors Inhibition of virus production in JC virus-infected cells by postinfection RNA interference Inhibition of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by Zta-targeted RNA interference Selective inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by RNA interference Clearance of hepatitis B virus from the liver of transgenic mice by short hairpin RNAs Short interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 gene expression and function during infection of human keratinocytes keywords: cells; delivery; effect; expression; gene; hcv; hepatitis; hiv; human; infection; inhibition; interference; replication; rna; rna interference; rnai; silencing; sirna; specific; targeting; virus; viruses; vitro cache: cord-349358-leicos9j.txt plain text: cord-349358-leicos9j.txt item: #1159 of 1203 id: cord-349606-lup6tm2s author: Biill Primo, Osvaldo Vinícius title: Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Nasopharyngeal Swab and Adenoid Tissue from Children Submitted to Adenoidectomy: Pre- and Postoperative Analysis date: 2014-02-17 words: 2796 flesch: 38 summary: key: cord-349606-lup6tm2s authors: Biill Primo, Osvaldo Vinícius; Lourenço, Edmir Américo; Passos, Saulo Duarte title: Detection of Respiratory Viruses in Nasopharyngeal Swab and Adenoid Tissue from Children Submitted to Adenoidectomy: Pre- and Postoperative Analysis date: 2014-02-17 journal: Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368135 sha: doc_id: 349606 cord_uid: lup6tm2s Introduction The presence of respiratory viruses in lymphoid tissues of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and its impact on recurrent infections and hypertrophy of these tissues are not yet fully understood. Respiratory viruses were identified in 33.8% of preoperative nasopharyngeal specimens and in 19.8% of postoperative secretion. keywords: adenoid; nasopharyngeal; samples; tissue; viruses cache: cord-349606-lup6tm2s.txt plain text: cord-349606-lup6tm2s.txt item: #1160 of 1203 id: cord-350151-s75d1hat author: Wiramus, S. title: Rianimazione e influenza grave: pandemia influenzale A (H1N1) date: 2013-04-30 words: 6541 flesch: 52 summary: L'influenza stagionale è responsabile di 36 000 morti e di più di 200 000 ricoveri all'anno. Prevenzione della contaminazione attraverso un isolamento respiratorio e di contatto • Isolamento del paziente in una stanza individuale, con la porta chiusa • Uso di una maschera di protezione FFP2 e di guanti monouso non sterili da parte dei sanitari • Uso della maschera chirurgica da parte del paziente, se esce dalla sua stanza Secondo i dati epidemiologici dell'InVS, la distribuzione dei virus nella popolazione generale ha permesso l'individuazione di 1 963 virus influenzali differenti dall'inizio del monitoraggio: • 54% di virus influenzali A (40% H1N1, 6% H3N2, 8% non tipizzati); • 45,7% di virus influenzali di tipo B; • 0,3% di virus influenzali di tipo C. keywords: 2009; alla; anni; aveva; casi; che; con; dei; del; delle; era; essere; giorni; gravi; h1n1; hanno; infection; influenza; meno; mortalità; nei; nel; non; parte; pazienti; più; questi; rianimazione; rischio; sono; stati; studio; tasso; tra; trattamento; una; ventilazione; virale; virus cache: cord-350151-s75d1hat.txt plain text: cord-350151-s75d1hat.txt item: #1161 of 1203 id: cord-350235-yoy3hj3j author: Sansonetti, Philippe J title: COVID‐19, chronicle of an expected pandemic date: 2020-05-04 words: 2989 flesch: 53 summary: Ebola virus disease Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic Probable limited person-to-person transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China Beta-coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-2 (the official name of COVID-19 virus) on the other hand are well adapted to their reservoir, the bat, but not to humans, which explains why human infections are so damaging. keywords: cov-2; covid-19; disease; epidemic; human; sars; virus cache: cord-350235-yoy3hj3j.txt plain text: cord-350235-yoy3hj3j.txt item: #1162 of 1203 id: cord-350467-18bvwxci author: Clark, K.J title: In vitro studies on the use of clay, clay minerals and charcoal to adsorb bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus date: 1998-10-01 words: 3420 flesch: 40 summary: The suspended samples of clay bound virus or clay/virus complex retained from the adsorption and desorption experiments were used for infectivity testing. Percent of adsorbed virus, desorbed virus, and infectivity of clay bound virus were calculated. keywords: adsorbent; bovine; clay; coronavirus; hscas; infectivity; rotavirus cache: cord-350467-18bvwxci.txt plain text: cord-350467-18bvwxci.txt item: #1163 of 1203 id: cord-350703-vrqltz3s author: None title: ISAR News date: 2016-01-31 words: 11208 flesch: 42 summary: I would like to contribute to the field of antiviral drug development by identifying new targets for prevention or treatment. They will each work on their own projects, which aim to gain insight into antiviral drug development for a selected group of viruses. keywords: antiviral; chemistry; committee; dengue; development; discovery; drug; ebola; hepatitis; icar; inhibitors; institute; isar; members; novel; program; research; science; treatment; university; virology; virus; viruses; work; years; young cache: cord-350703-vrqltz3s.txt plain text: cord-350703-vrqltz3s.txt item: #1164 of 1203 id: cord-350747-5t5xthk6 author: Gmyl, A. P. title: Diverse Mechanisms of RNA Recombination date: 2005 words: 8188 flesch: 36 summary: Studies of crosses between a normal horse serum-resistant mutant and several guanidine-resistant mutants of the same strain Evidence of genetic recombination in foot-and-mouth disease virus A genetic map of poliovirus temperature-sensitive mutants Biochemical evidence for intertypic genetic recombination of polioviruses Intertypic recombination in poliovirus: Genetic and biochemical studies Multiple sites of recombination within the RNA genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus Analysis of oligonucleotide maps as a method for identifying intertypic recombination in poliovirus The primary structure of crossover region in the genome of two intertypic polyovirus recombinants The primary structure of crossover regions of intertypic poliovirus recombinants: A model of recombination between RNA genomes The mechanism of RNA recombination in poliovirus Genetics of picornaviruses Recombination between RNA genomes RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses Recombination and other genomic rearrangements in picornaviruses Evolutionary aspects of recombination in RNA viruses Phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense RNA virus New insights into the mechanisms of RNA recombination How RNA viruses exchange their genetic material Heterologous recombination in the doublestranded RNA bacteriophage phi 6 Recombination in bacteriophage Qβ its satellite RNAs: It was believed until recently that the only possible mechanism of RNA recombination is replicative template switching, with synthesis of a complementary strand starting on one viral RNA molecule and being completed on another. keywords: cell; fragments; genome; mechanism; nonreplicative; poliovirus; recombination; rna; rna recombination; rnas; splicing; template; trans; virus; viruses cache: cord-350747-5t5xthk6.txt plain text: cord-350747-5t5xthk6.txt item: #1165 of 1203 id: cord-350925-1h6pbfwp author: da Silva, Priscilla Gomes title: Airborne spread of infectious SARS-CoV-2: moving forward using lessons from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV date: 2020-10-08 words: 5222 flesch: 28 summary: Among the reviewed literature, only a few papers explored viral viability in air samples (Agranovski et al., 2004; Binder et al., 2020; Booth et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2016; Lednicky et al., 2020; Lednicky et al., 2020a; Pyankov et al., 2018; Santarpia et al., 2020; van Doremalen et al., 2013 van Doremalen et al., , 2020 Xiao et al., 2004) . Currently, there is still debate about whether or not SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through aerosols produced by infected people during talking, singing sneezing, coughing and breathing, and further studies regarding this route of transmission are needed in order To explore the feasibility of a new personal bioaerosol sampler for monitoring of viable airborne SARS virus. keywords: air; cov; cov-2; et al; humidity; mers; sars; transmission; viral; virus; viruses cache: cord-350925-1h6pbfwp.txt plain text: cord-350925-1h6pbfwp.txt item: #1166 of 1203 id: cord-350948-oog6m4h3 author: Leclercq, Loïc title: How to improve the chemical disinfection of contaminated surfaces by viruses, bacteria and fungus? date: 2020-09-17 words: 4584 flesch: 44 summary: The disinfectants, based on equimolar mixtures of didecyldimethylammonium chloride ([DiC(10)][Cl]), dodecyloctaglycol (C(12)E(8)), and cyclodextrin (CD), show synergistic effects against enveloped viruses (RSV, HSV-1, VACV) and fungi (C. albicans), and additive responses against bacteria (P. aeruginosa). [Cl] against enveloped viruses since both of them act on the viral-lipids . keywords: activity; cds; concentration; dic; micelles; reduction; rsv; table; virucidal; viruses cache: cord-350948-oog6m4h3.txt plain text: cord-350948-oog6m4h3.txt item: #1167 of 1203 id: cord-350964-0jtfc271 author: Van Nguyen, Dung title: Detection and Characterization of Homologues of Human Hepatitis Viruses and Pegiviruses in Rodents and Bats in Vietnam date: 2018-02-28 words: 4804 flesch: 47 summary: Several factors may contribute to the risk of zoonotic rodent or bat virus transmission. Rodent hepacivirus sequences (360 nucleotides) formed two well supported clades (Figure 2a) . keywords: bat; hbv; hepacivirus; hepatitis; pegivirus; rats; rodent; samples; sequences; species; viruses cache: cord-350964-0jtfc271.txt plain text: cord-350964-0jtfc271.txt item: #1168 of 1203 id: cord-351170-belbcrcd author: Symonds, Erin M. title: Affordable Enteric Virus Detection Techniques Are Needed to Support Changing Paradigms in Water Quality Management date: 2014-10-16 words: 3020 flesch: 23 summary: Drinking water, shellfish harvesting areas, recreational water, and wastewater designated for reuse that are considered safe based upon FIB concentrations can actually contain high concentrations of human enteric viruses Similarly, the need to quantify enteric virus concentrations and resulting health risks was also highlighted to improve QMRAs for wastewater reuse and consequent public health guidelines [21] . keywords: enteric; fib; health; human; methods; pathogens; viruses; wastewater cache: cord-351170-belbcrcd.txt plain text: cord-351170-belbcrcd.txt item: #1169 of 1203 id: cord-351197-xv6ymc4l author: Cibulski, Samuel title: A plate of viruses: Viral metagenomics of supermarket chicken, pork and beef from Brazil date: 2020-09-28 words: 1713 flesch: 29 summary: The 539 role of swine in the generation of novel influenza viruses 542 Recombination in eukaryotic single stranded DNA viruses Torque teno virus (TTV) is highly prevalent in the European wild boar 546 (Sus scrofa) Detection patterns of 548 porcine parvovirus (PPV) and novel porcine parvoviruses 2 through 6 (PPV2-549 PPV6) in Polish swine farms Metagenomics and future perspectives in 551 virus discovery Prediction and prevention 554 of the next pandemic zoonosis Understanding 557 spoilage microbial community and spoilage mechanisms in foods of animal origin Marine phage genomics: The tip of the iceberg A third gyrovirus species in human 564 faeces High frequency and extensive genetic heterogeneity 567 of TTSuV1 and TTSuVk2a in PCV2-infected and non-infected domestic pigs and 568 wild boars from Uruguay Complete nucleotide and amino acid 571 sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus, a member of a new 572 species in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae Prevalence of the Novel Torque Teno Sus Virus Species k2b from Pigs in 576 the United States and Lack of Association with Post-Weaning Multisystemic 577 Wasting Syndrome or Mulberry Heart Disease A field guide to eukaryotic circular single-580 stranded DNA viruses: Insights gained from metagenomics Behaviour of Brochothrix 583 thermosphacta in presence of other meat spoilage microbial groups. From these, 0.75% were assigned to eukaryotic viruses and 99.25% to 133 bacteriophages. keywords: chicken; contigs; dna; meat; metagenomics; viruses cache: cord-351197-xv6ymc4l.txt plain text: cord-351197-xv6ymc4l.txt item: #1170 of 1203 id: cord-351365-dc9t3vh3 author: Todt, Daniel title: Mutagenic Effects of Ribavirin on Hepatitis E Virus—Viral Extinction versus Selection of Fitness-Enhancing Mutations date: 2016-10-13 words: 6337 flesch: 36 summary: From Error Catastrophe to Lethal Defection Counteracting quasispecies adaptability: Extinction of a ribavirin-resistant virus mutant by an alternative mutagenic treatment Potential benefits of sequential inhibitor-mutagen treatments of RNA virus infections Antiviral Strategies Based on Lethal Mutagenesis and Error Threshold Pegylated interferon-alpha for treating chronic hepatitis E virus infection after liver transplantation Treatment of chronic hepatitis E in liver transplant recipients with pegylated interferon alpha-2b Antiviral Activities of Different Interferon Types and Subtypes against Hepatitis E Virus Replication Disparity of basal and therapeutically activated interferon signalling in constraining hepatitis E virus infection Viral hepatitis during pregnancy Incidence and severity of viral hepatitis in pregnancy Following an overview of RNA viruses treated with RBV in clinics and a summary of the different antiviral modes of action of this drug, we focus on the mutagenic effect of RBV on HEV intrahost populations, and how HEV is able to overcome lethal mutagenesis. keywords: antiviral; effect; hcv; hepatitis; hev; infection; rbv; replication; ribavirin; rna; treatment; virus; viruses cache: cord-351365-dc9t3vh3.txt plain text: cord-351365-dc9t3vh3.txt item: #1171 of 1203 id: cord-351377-xorj8tnz author: Kao, Chi-Fei title: The Characterization of Immunoprotection Induced by a cDNA Clone Derived from the Attenuated Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Pintung 52 Strain date: 2018-10-04 words: 5964 flesch: 41 summary: Swine enteric coronavirus disease: A review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the United States and Canada Lactogenic immunity and vaccines for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV): Historical and current concepts Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: An emerging and re-emerging epizootic swine virus Experimental infection of a US spike-insertion deletion porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in conventional nursing piglets and cross-protection to the original US PEDV infection Previous infection of sows with a mild strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus confers protection against infection with a severe Evaluation of serological cross-reactivity and cross-neutralization between the United States porcine epidemic diarrhea virus prototype and S-INDEL-variant strains Evaluation of the efficacy of a commercial inactivated genogroup 2b-based porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) vaccine and experimental live genogroup 1b exposure against 2b challenge Bioinformatics insight into the spike glycoprotein gene of field porcine epidemic diarrhea strains during 2011-2013 in Guangdong, China Distinct characteristics and complex evolution of PEDV strains Evaluation and Comparison of the Pathogenicity and Host Immune Responses Induced by a G2b Taiwan Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (Strain Pintung 52) and Its Highly Cell-Culture Passaged Strain in Conventional 5-Week-Old Pigs Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin Manipulation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome using targeted RNA recombination Genetic manipulation of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus recovered from a full-length infectious cDNA clone Characterization of a pathogenic full-length cDNA clone of a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain AH2012/12 in China Development of the full-length cDNA clones of two porcine epidemic diarrhea disease virus isolates with different virulence Characterization of a Pathogenic Full-Length cDNA Clone and Transmission Model for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC22A Strategy for systematic assembly of large RNA and DNA genomes: transmissible gastroenteritis virus model An efficient one-step site-directed deletion, insertion, single and multiple-site plasmid mutagenesis protocol Efficacy of heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit-adjuvanted parenteral porcine epidemic diarrhea virus trimeric spike subunit vaccine in piglets Ribavirin-resistant variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus: the effect of restricted quasispecies diversity on viral virulence Quasispecies diversity determines pathogenesis through cooperative interactions in a viral population Viral quasispecies Quasispecies Theory in Virology Virus-based vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells Coronaviruses as vectors: Stability of foreign gene expression Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses. A new coronavirus-like particle associated with diarrhea in swine Genome organization of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus New variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, China Pathology of US Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain PC21A in Gnotobiotic Pigs Phylogenetic Analysis of the Spike (S) Gene of the New Variants of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus in Taiwan keywords: cdna; cells; diarrhea; epidemic; figure; group; p96; pedvpt; piglets; porcine; titer; vero; virus cache: cord-351377-xorj8tnz.txt plain text: cord-351377-xorj8tnz.txt item: #1172 of 1203 id: cord-351482-hzh5tyoo author: Peng, Xinxia title: Integrative Deep Sequencing of the Mouse Lung Transcriptome Reveals Differential Expression of Diverse Classes of Small RNAs in Response to Respiratory Virus Infection date: 2011-11-15 words: 7714 flesch: 40 summary: small RNA loci to the corresponding expression ratios that we calculated for the overlapping miRNA precursors on the basis of the reads directly mapped to annotated precursor sequences. Also, we observed length distributions of small RNA loci overlapping an-notated small RNA loci that were similar to those of small RNA loci with no overlap (Fig. 3a) , indicating that our identified loci were indeed producing small RNAs. keywords: analysis; annotated; expression; infection; influenza; loci; mirnas; mouse; reads; rnas; samples; sars; small; virus cache: cord-351482-hzh5tyoo.txt plain text: cord-351482-hzh5tyoo.txt item: #1173 of 1203 id: cord-351571-gwtkrt5u author: Mackay, Ian M. title: Community-Wide, Contemporaneous Circulation of a Broad Spectrum of Human Rhinoviruses in Healthy Australian Preschool-Aged Children During a 12-Month Period date: 2013-05-01 words: 3380 flesch: 35 summary: IV Virus isolations during four years of surveillance Rhinovirus infections in Tecumseh, Michigan: frequency of illness and number of serotypes Rhinovirus transmission within families with children: incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections Highly frequent infections with human rhinovirus in healthy young children: a longitudinal cohort study Clinical features and complete genome characterization of a distinct human rhinovirus genetic cluster, probably representing a previously undetected HRV species, HRV-C, associated with acute respiratory illness in children Distinguishing molecular features and clinical characteristics of a putative new rhinovirus species, Human rhinovirus C (HRV C) Newly identified human rhinoviruses: molecular methods heat up the cold viruses Interference between outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infection Interference between outbreaks of epidemic viruses Influenza in children relationship to other respiratory agents Do rhinoviruses reduce the probability of viral co-detection during acute respiratory tract infections? Because a lower sequence threshold was used to identify those viruses, it is likely that the true number of HRV types was underestimated as compared to the higher threshold (96% vs 90%) we applied, which we considered essential when using the highly conserved 5′ UTR region. keywords: children; hrv; human; rhinovirus; species; study; virus; viruses cache: cord-351571-gwtkrt5u.txt plain text: cord-351571-gwtkrt5u.txt item: #1174 of 1203 id: cord-352054-g7q2z4l5 author: Kolivoška, Viliam title: Electrophoresis on a microfluidic chip for analysis of fluorescence‐labeled human rhinovirus date: 2007-11-15 words: 3717 flesch: 53 summary: Experiments aimed at adjusting separation selectivity were carried out with labeled virus from a 5.0 mL aliquot of a virus batch with a concentration of 1.9 mg/mL in 50 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.5). Chip electrophoresis with the finally selected BGE (100 mM borate buffer, pH 8.3, containing 3.1 mM SDS), enabled an extremely rapid assessment of virus purity, and the investigation of bioaffinity reactions of labeled virus with a number of soluble artificial receptor fragments. keywords: cy5; dye; hrv2; receptor; sds; virus cache: cord-352054-g7q2z4l5.txt plain text: cord-352054-g7q2z4l5.txt item: #1175 of 1203 id: cord-352178-irjhmxsg author: Saxton-Shaw, Kali D. title: O'nyong nyong Virus Molecular Determinants of Unique Vector Specificity Reside in Non-Structural Protein 3 date: 2013-01-24 words: 5960 flesch: 44 summary: The use of chimeric Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses as an approach for the molecular identification of natural virulence determinants Structural and nonstructural protein genome regions of eastern equine encephalitis virus are determinants of interferon sensitivity and murine virulence Vector infection determinants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus reside within the E2 envelope glycoprotein Determinants of vector specificity of o'nyong nyong and chikungunya viruses in Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes Intracellular immunization of mosquito cells to LaCrosse virus using a recombinant Sindbis virus vector Manual for Mosquito Rearing and Experimental Techniques Virulence variation among isolates of western equine encephalitis virus in an outbred mouse model Lineage replacement accompanying duplication and rapid fixation of an RNA element in the nsP3 gene in a species of alphavirus Evolution and taxonomy of positive-strand RNA viruses: implications of comparative analysis of amino acid sequences Evolutionary conservation of histone macroH2A subtypes and domains Functions of alphavirus nonstructural proteins in RNA replication Amino acid mutations in the replicase protein nsP3 of Semliki Forest virus cumulatively affect neurovirulence Deletion and duplication mutations in the C-terminal nonconserved region of Sindbis virus nsP3: effects on phosphorylation and on virus replication in vertebrate and invertebrate cells SH3 Domain-Mediated Recruitment of Host Cell Amphiphysins by Alphavirus nsP3 Promotes Viral RNA Replication Deletions in the hypervariable domain of the nsP3 gene attenuate Semliki Forest virus virulence In vitro synthesis of infectious venezuelan equine encephalitis virus RNA from a cDNA clone: analysis of a viable deletion mutant Semliki Forest virusspecific non-structural protein nsP3 is a phosphoprotein Phosphorylation of Sindbis virus nsP3 in vivo and in vitro Elimination of phosphorylation sites of Semliki Forest virus replicase protein nsP3 Phosphorylation site analysis of Semliki forest virus nonstructural protein 3 Deletion mapping of Sindbis virus DI RNAs derived from cDNAs defines the sequences essential for replication and packaging Mutagenesis of the 39 nontranslated region of Sindbis virus RNA The 39 untranslated region of sindbis virus represses deadenylation of viral transcripts in mosquito and Mammalian cells We would like to thank Andrea Peterson for maintaining the An. gambiae, G3 colony used in this study. When ONNV non-structural protein 3 (nsP3) replaced nsP3 from CHIKV virus in one of the chimeric viruses, infection rates in An. gambiae went from 0% to 63.5%. keywords: chikv; chimeric; gambiae; genome; infection; mosquito; nsp3; onnv; rates; region; replication; virus; viruses cache: cord-352178-irjhmxsg.txt plain text: cord-352178-irjhmxsg.txt item: #1176 of 1203 id: cord-352200-i05h8csb author: Xu, Yi title: Transcriptome and Comparative Gene Expression Analysis of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in Response to Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus date: 2012-04-27 words: 5289 flesch: 41 summary: During this time, non-viruliferous WBPH, as the control group, were treated identically. Biology and epidemiology of rice virus Southern rice blackstreaked dwarf virus: A new proposed Fijivirus species in the family Reoviridae Molecular characterization of segments S7 to S10 of a southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolate from maize in northern China A black-streaked dwarf disease on rice in China is caused by a novel fijivirus Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. keywords: analysis; expression; figure; genes; infection; pathway; proteasome; protein; rice; rna; srbsdv; table; unigenes; virus; viruses; wbph cache: cord-352200-i05h8csb.txt plain text: cord-352200-i05h8csb.txt item: #1177 of 1203 id: cord-352379-q5inrxcm author: Lai, Michael M. C. title: SARS virus: The beginning of the unraveling of a new coronavirus date: 2003-10-17 words: 7005 flesch: 45 summary: key: cord-352379-q5inrxcm authors: Lai, Michael M. C. title: SARS virus: The beginning of the unraveling of a new coronavirus date: 2003-10-17 journal: J Biomed Sci DOI: 10.1007/bf02256318 sha: doc_id: 352379 cord_uid: q5inrxcm Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus caused a severe outbreak in several regions of the world in 2003. The comparative studies of other coronaviruses offer insights into the understanding of SARS virus. keywords: cells; coronavirus; gene; genome; group; infection; mhv; protein; recombination; rna; sars; sars virus; vaccines; virus cache: cord-352379-q5inrxcm.txt plain text: cord-352379-q5inrxcm.txt item: #1178 of 1203 id: cord-352475-cmmpy5u7 author: Pemmada, Rakesh title: Science-Based Strategies of Antiviral Coatings with Viricidal Properties for the COVID-19 Like Pandemics date: 2020-09-11 words: 7777 flesch: 34 summary: Members of antiviral coatings have been divided into three major groups (antiviral polymers, metal ions/metal oxides, and functional nanomaterials), based on the type of materials used at the contaminated sites. A material with superior water repelling properties is preferred for antiviral coatings. keywords: activity; antiviral; coating; copper; influenza; ions; materials; metal; nanoparticles; oxides; polymers; surface; viricidal; viruses cache: cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt plain text: cord-352475-cmmpy5u7.txt item: #1179 of 1203 id: cord-352619-s2x53grh author: Payne, Natalie title: Novel Circoviruses Detected in Feces of Sonoran Felids date: 2020-09-15 words: 3266 flesch: 37 summary: Phylogenetic analyses reveal that one circovirus species is more closely related to rodent associated circoviruses and the other to bat associated circoviruses, sharing highest genome-wide pairwise identity of approximately 70% and 63%, respectively. [12] and antibodies to CDV, feline panleukopenia virus, feline calicivirus, and feline enteric coronavirus have been detected in pumas from southern Arizona [13] , other viruses circulating in populations of Sonoran felids are largely unknown. keywords: associated; circoviruses; dna; felids; feline; genbank; genomes; identity; novel; populations; species cache: cord-352619-s2x53grh.txt plain text: cord-352619-s2x53grh.txt item: #1180 of 1203 id: cord-353190-7qcoxl81 author: Nicklas, Werner title: Viral Infections of Laboratory Mice date: 2012-05-17 words: 27792 flesch: 37 summary: The term murine hepatitis virus (MHV; commonly referred to as 'mouse hepatitis virus') A model for the study of viral infection, pathogenesis, and clearance Histopathological characterization of the naturally occurring hepatotropic virus infections of nude mice Detection methods for the identification of rodent viral and mycoplasmal infections Reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction detection and nucleic acid sequence confirmation of reovirus infection in laboratory mice with discordant serologic indirect immunofluorescence assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results Diagnosis of murine infections in relation to test methods employed Reovirus 3 not detected by reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction analysis of preserved tissue from infants with cholestatic liver disease Detection of reovirus type 3 by use of fluorogenic nuclease reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction Detection of reovirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers corresponding to conserved regions of the viral L1 genome segment Isolation of a non-pathogenic tumour-destroying virus from mouse ascites An oncolytic virus recovered from Swiss mice during passage of an ascites tumour Mouse hepatitis virus Enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on coronavirus survival on surfaces Asymptomatic infection of mouse hepatitis virus in the rat Effects of experimental infection of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) with mouse hepatitis virus Isolation of a latent murine hepatitis virus from cultured mouse liver cells Induction of lytic plaques by murine leukemia virus in murine sarcoma virus-transformed nonproducer mouse cells persistently infected with mouse hepatitis virus MHV-S Mouse hepatitis virus biology and epizootiology The cellular and molecular pathogenesis of coronaviruses Enterotropic coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus) in mice: influence of host age and strain on infection and disease Response of genetically susceptible and resistant mice to intranasal inoculation with mouse hepatitis virus JHM Duration of mouse hepatitis virus infection: studies in immunocompetent and chemically immunosuppressed mice Effective clearance of mouse hepatitis virus from the central nervous system requires both CD4þ and CD8þ T cells Role of CD4þ and CD8þ T cells in mouse hepatitis virus infection in mice Antibody prevents virus reactivation within the central nervous system Mouse hepatitis virus Enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus infection in nude mice Persistent transmission of mouse hepatitis virus by transgenic mice Duration of challenge immunity to coronavirus JHM in mice Virus strain specificity of challenge immunity to coronavirus Duration and strain-specificity of immunity to enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus Passively acquired challenge immunity to enterotropic coronavirus in mice Epizootic coronaviral typhlocolitis in suckling mice Isolation of mouse hepatitis virus from infant mice with fatal diarrhea Thymus involution induced by mouse hepatitis virus A59 in BALB/c mice Adverse effects of mouse hepatitis virus on ascites myeloma passage in the BALB/eJ mouse Murine hepatitis virus strain 1 produces a clinically relevant model of severe acute respiratory syndrome in A/J mice Tolllike receptor 4 deficiency increases disease and mortality after mouse hepatitis virus type 1 infection of susceptible C3H mice Granulomatous peritonitis and pleuritis in interferon-gamma gene knockout mice naturally infected with mouse hepatitis virus Pathogenesis of enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice Vertical transmission of mouse hepatitis virus infection in mice Tissue distribution and duration of mouse hepatitis virus in naturally infected immunocompetent ICR (CD-1) and immunodeficient athymic nudenu mouse strains used for ovarian transplantation and in vitro fertilization Rederivation of inbred strains of mice by means of embryo transfer Risk assessment of mouse hepatitis virus infection via in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer by the use of zona-intact and laser-microdissected oocytes Mouse hepatitis virus immunofluorescence in formalin-or Bouin's-fixed tissues using trypsin digestion Comparison of isolation in cell culture with conventional and modified mouse antibody production tests for detection of murine viruses Monoclonal antibody solution hybridization assay for detection of mouse hepatitis virus infection Detection of rodent coronaviruses in tissues and cell cultures by using polymerase chain reaction Sequence analysis and molecular detection of mouse hepatitis virus using the polymerase chain reaction Detection of mouse hepatitis virus by the polymerase chain reaction and its application to the rapid diagnosis of infection Detection of rodent coronaviruses by use of fluorogenic reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis An immunofluorescence test for detection of serum antibody to rodent coronaviruses Simultaneous detection of antibodies to mouse hepatitis virus recombinant structural proteins by a microsphere-based multiplex fluorescence immunoassay Differences in antibody production against mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) among mouse strains Maternally-derived passive immunity to enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus Mouse hepatitis virus: molecular biology and implications for pathogenesis Maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells persistently infected with murine coronavirus Replication of murine coronaviruses in mouse embryonic stem cell lines. keywords: age; animals; antibodies; antibody; cells; choriomeningitis; clinical; colonies; days; detection; disease; experimental; hepatitis; hepatitis virus; host; immune; infection; inoculation; laboratory; laboratory mice; lesions; mhv; mice; mouse; mousepox; murine; parvovirus; pcr; research; results; strains; testing; transmission; virus; virus infection; viruses; weeks cache: cord-353190-7qcoxl81.txt plain text: cord-353190-7qcoxl81.txt item: #1181 of 1203 id: cord-353290-1wi1dhv6 author: Kustin, Talia title: Biased mutation and selection in RNA viruses date: 2020-09-28 words: 7615 flesch: 42 summary: One major challenge in tackling RNA viruses is the fact they are extremely genetically diverse. RNA viruses are an extremely diverse collection of entities, spanning a diverse range of hosts, morphologies, genome organizations, and genetic composition. keywords: bias; branches; codon; fig; genomes; host; mutation; nucleotide; rna; selection; sequences; usage; viruses cache: cord-353290-1wi1dhv6.txt plain text: cord-353290-1wi1dhv6.txt item: #1182 of 1203 id: cord-353297-jizitnfl author: Meyer, R.F. title: Viruses and Bioterrorism date: 2008-07-30 words: 3819 flesch: 40 summary: between virus names and species names would be to change the current names of virus species into nonlatinized binomial names. Given that the common names of viruses are used repeatedly in scientific texts there is a need for abbreviating them and the ICTV has published several lists of recommended acronyms for virus names. keywords: agents; cell; disease; dna; host; names; smallpox; species; virus; viruses cache: cord-353297-jizitnfl.txt plain text: cord-353297-jizitnfl.txt item: #1183 of 1203 id: cord-353509-yfkiaq80 author: Nugraha, Rhea Veda title: Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons date: 2020-10-10 words: 7439 flesch: 45 summary: Impaired immune regulation is one of the factors that play a role in its pathogenesis and results in poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients. A report showed that COVID-19 patients had an increase in neutrophils, interleukin (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and a decrease in lymphocytes. keywords: coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; curcumin; cytokine; disease; effect; patients; protein; quinine; sars; study; treatment; virus cache: cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt plain text: cord-353509-yfkiaq80.txt item: #1184 of 1203 id: cord-353609-no3mbg5d author: Vandegrift, Kurt J. title: An Ecological and Conservation Perspective on Advances in the Applied Virology of Zoonoses date: 2011-04-15 words: 6927 flesch: 39 summary: Recently, it has been demonstrated that the pathogens of host populations might also be useful to this end. Unfortunately, the very characteristics that make viruses useful for estimating host population structure and demography may also impede the analyses. keywords: conservation; disease; dynamics; ecology; host; human; molecular; pathogens; population; rabies; risk; species; transmission; vaccination; viruses; wildlife cache: cord-353609-no3mbg5d.txt plain text: cord-353609-no3mbg5d.txt item: #1185 of 1203 id: cord-353869-l53ms3q8 author: Friesen, Robert H. E. title: New Class of Monoclonal Antibodies against Severe Influenza: Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy in Ferrets date: 2010-02-08 words: 4686 flesch: 40 summary: The results presented here also confirm previously reported data demonstrating the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of CR6261 in mice challenged with H5N1 influenza viruses. A recently discovered class of human monoclonal antibodies with the ability to neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza viruses (including H1, H2, H5, H6 and H9 subtypes) has the potential to prevent and treat influenza in humans. keywords: animals; challenge; control; cr6261; ferrets; group; h5n1; influenza; virus cache: cord-353869-l53ms3q8.txt plain text: cord-353869-l53ms3q8.txt item: #1186 of 1203 id: cord-354035-i3sl2r0k author: Wylie, Kristine M. title: The Virome of the Human Respiratory Tract date: 2016-12-10 words: 3902 flesch: 41 summary: Highlander SK Metagenomic analysis of viral genetic diversity in respiratory samples from children with severe acute respiratory infection in China Communityacquired pneumonia among U.S. children Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults Detection of viruses in young children with fever without an apparent source Sequence analysis of the human virome in febrile and afebrile children Increased prevalence of anellovirus in pediatric patients with fever Digging through the obstruction: insight into the epithelial cell response to respiratory virus infection in patients with cystic fibrosis The role of viral infections in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma Incidence and clinical impact of respiratory viruses in adults with cystic fibrosis Virus and cystic fibrosis: rhinoviruses are associated with exacerbations in adult patients The role of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis Metagenomic analysis of respiratory tract DNA viral communities in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis individuals Viral metagenomics reveal blooms of anelloviruses in the respiratory tract of lung transplant recipients Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy Viral discovery and sequence recovery using DNA microarrays Identification of new respiratory viruses in the new millennium. In a recent study of 26 households in Utah that were followed weekly over 1 year, modern molecular methods were used to detect respiratory viruses in the anterior nares. keywords: assays; pcr; respiratory; study; tract; virome; viruses cache: cord-354035-i3sl2r0k.txt plain text: cord-354035-i3sl2r0k.txt item: #1187 of 1203 id: cord-354068-4qlk6y7h author: Friedrich, Brian M. title: Potential Vaccines and Post-Exposure Treatments for Filovirus Infections date: 2012-09-21 words: 10618 flesch: 39 summary: (green monkey disease) Evaluation of immune globulin and recombinant interferon-alpha2b for treatment of experimental ebola virus infections Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of ebola virus infection in monkeys Protective efficacy of neutralizing antibodies against ebola virus infection Antibody-dependent enhancement of marburg virus infection Epitopes required for antibody-dependent enhancement of ebola virus infection Antibody-dependent enhancement of ebola virus infection Recombinant human monoclonal antibodies to ebola virus Pre-and postexposure prophylaxis of ebola virus infection in an animal model by passive transfer of a neutralizing human antibody Epitopes involved in antibody-mediated protection from ebola virus Postexposure antibody prophylaxis protects nonhuman primates from filovirus disease Protective efficacy of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in a nonhuman primate model of ebola hemorrhagic fever Successful treatment of ebola virus-infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies Enhanced potency of a fucose-free monoclonal antibody being developed as an ebola virus immunoprotectant Characterization of zaire ebolavirus glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies Neutralizing ebolavirus: Structural insights into the envelope glycoprotein and antibodies targeted against it A DNA vaccine for ebola virus is safe and immunogenic in a phase i clinical trial Immune protection of nonhuman primates against ebola virus with single low-dose adenovirus vectors encoding modified gps Development of a preventive vaccine for ebola virus infection in primates A replication defective recombinant ad5 vaccine expressing ebola virus gp is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults Vaccine to confer to nonhuman primates complete protection against multistrain ebola and marburg virus infections Protection of nonhuman primates against two species of ebola virus infection with a single complex adenovirus vector Enhanced protection against ebola virus mediated by an improved adenovirusbased vaccine A single sublingual dose of an adenovirus-based vaccine protects against lethal ebola challenge in mice and guinea pigs Recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (ad26) and ad35 vaccine vectors bypass immunity to ad5 and protect nonhuman primates against ebolavirus challenge Rhabdoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication Vesicular stomatitis virus-based ebola vaccine is well-tolerated and protects immunocompromised nonhuman primates Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vectors expressing filovirus glycoproteins lack neurovirulence in nonhuman primates Single-injection vaccine protects nonhuman primates against infection with marburg virus and three species of ebola virus Cross-protection against marburg virus strains by using a live, attenuated recombinant vaccine Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector mediates postexposure protection against sudan ebola hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates Effective post-exposure treatment of ebola infection Inactivated or liveattenuated bivalent vaccines that confer protection against rabies and ebola viruses Replicon-helper systems from attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: Expression of heterologous genes in vitro and immunization against heterologous pathogens in vivo Recombinant rna replicons derived from attenuated venezuelan equine encephalitis virus protect guinea pigs and mice from ebola hemorrhagic fever virus Marburg virus vaccines based upon alphavirus replicons protect guinea pigs and nonhuman primates Vaccine potential of ebola virus vp24, vp30, vp35, and vp40 proteins Protective cytotoxic t-cell responses induced by venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicons expressing ebola virus proteins A single intranasal inoculation with a paramyxovirus-vectored vaccine protects guinea pigs against a lethal-dose ebola virus challenge Successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against ebola virus Parainfluenza viruses Mucosal parainfluenza virus-vectored vaccine against ebola virus replicates in the respiratory tract of vector-immune monkeys and is immunogenic Recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing a foreign viral antigen is attenuated and highly immunogenic in primates Newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccines expressing the hemagglutinin or neuraminidase protein of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus protect against virus challenge in monkeys Respiratory tract immunization of non-human primates with a newcastle disease virus-vectored vaccine candidate against ebola virus elicits a neutralizing antibody response Ebola virus vp40-induced particle formation and association with the lipid bilayer Contribution of ebola virus glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, and vp24 to budding of vp40 virus-like particles Ebola virus-like particle-based vaccine protects nonhuman primates against lethal ebola virus challenge Monovalent virus-like particle vaccine protects guinea pigs and nonhuman primates against infection with multiple marburg viruses Filovirus-like particles produced in insect cells: Immunogenicity and protection in rodents Ebola virus vp40-induced particle formation and association with the lipid bilayer Ebola virus vp40 drives the formation of virus-like filamentous particles along with gp Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of rotavirus 2/6-virus-like particles produced by a dual baculovirus expression vector and administered intramuscularly, intranasally, or orally to mice Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis e virus Enhanced mucosal and systemic immune responses following intravaginal immunization with human papillomavirus 16 l1 virus-like particle vaccine in thermosensitive mucoadhesive delivery systems Intranasal immunization with siv virus-like particles (vlps) elicits systemic and mucosal immunity Protection against lethal challenge by ebola virus-like particles produced in insect cells Ebola virus-like particles produced in insect cells exhibit dendritic cell stimulating activity and induce neutralizing antibodies Immunogenicity of the outer domain of a hiv-1 clade c gp120 Increased potency of fc-receptor-targeted antigens Cross-reactive hiv-1-neutralizing activity of serum igg from a rabbit immunized with gp41 fused to igg1 fc: Possible role of the prolonged half-life of the immunogen Ebola virus glycoprotein fc fusion protein confers protection against lethal challenge in vaccinated mice Transgenic plants as protein factories Monoclonal antibody manufacturing in transgenic plants--myths and realities High-level rapid production of full-size monoclonal antibodies in plants by a single-vector DNA replicon system Recombinant pharmaceuticals from plants: The plant endomembrane system as bioreactor Expression of an immunogenic ebola immune complex in nicotiana benthamiana A replicating cytomegalovirus-based vaccine encoding a single ebola virus nucleoprotein ctl epitope confers protection against ebola virus Effector memory t cell responses are associated with protection of rhesus monkeys from mucosal simian immunodeficiency virus challenge Broadly targeted human cytomegalovirus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects Human cytomegalovirus tropism for endothelial cells: Not all endothelial cells are created equal Profound early control of highly pathogenic siv by an effector memory t-cell vaccine Chimeric human parainfluenza virus bearing the ebola virus glycoprotein as the sole surface protein is immunogenic and highly protective against ebola virus challenge Disseminated intravascular coagulation ( dic) Coli septic shock is prevented by blocking tissue factor with monoclonal antibody Treatment of ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor viia/tissue factor: A study in rhesus monkeys Dose-response study of recombinant factor viia/tissue factor inhibitor recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 in prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee replacement Recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2, an inhibitor of the tissue factor/factor viia complex, in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty Marburg virus angola infection of rhesus macaques: Pathogenesis and treatment with recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2 Cell penetrating peptide conjugates of steric block oligonucleotides keywords: antibody; cells; challenge; ebola; ebov; exposure; filovirus; human; immune; immunity; infection; lethal; marv; mice; nhps; potential; protection; protein; recombinant; treatment; vaccine; vector; virus cache: cord-354068-4qlk6y7h.txt plain text: cord-354068-4qlk6y7h.txt item: #1188 of 1203 id: cord-354109-mli0c97c author: Faezi, Nasim Asadi title: Viral infections in patients with acute respiratory infection in Northwest of Iran date: 2017-01-22 words: 3174 flesch: 41 summary: Although human adenovirus infections are less common in adults than other respiratory virus infections, such as influenza viruses, human rhinoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, enteroviruses, and human coronaviruses, they can cause fatal respiratory tract infections in affected patients [21] . Epidemiology of coronavirus respiratory infections Influenza diagnosis and treatment in children: A review of studies on clinically useful tests and antiviral treatment for influenza Increased detection of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and adenoviruses with real-time PCR in samples from patients with respiratory symptoms Diagnosis of the adenovirus, RSV, and influenza virus by rapid detection test (immunochromatography) in children with acute respiratory infection, Iran Detection of seasonal influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses using RT-PCR assay during 2009 flu pandemic in Golestan Province Mortality from pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Iran Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus-associated morbidity and mortality in the nursing home population WHO latest update on H1N1 influenza Rates of respiratory virus-associated hospitalization in children aged <5 years in rural northern India Detection of three human adenovirus species in adults with acute respiratory infection in China Influenza surveillance in N. Greece during 1983-1993 Quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in patients with new influenza A (H1N1)/2009 and influenza A/2010 virus infection keywords: cases; infections; influenza; patients; rsv; virus; viruses cache: cord-354109-mli0c97c.txt plain text: cord-354109-mli0c97c.txt item: #1189 of 1203 id: cord-354151-psog34u3 author: van Asten, Liselotte title: Early occurrence of influenza A epidemics coincided with changes in occurrence of other respiratory virus infections date: 2015-12-11 words: 4230 flesch: 30 summary: The estimated proportion of all positive diagnostics captured by this national surveillance varies between the monitored pathogens and was estimated between 38% (for rotavirus) and 73% (for influenza virus) in a 2002 study of five pathogens. While those reports hypothesize on viral interference between influenza virus and rhinovirus circulation (with rhinovirus delaying influenza spread), 1-3,17 we (like the Beijing study 16 ) did not observe clear-cut trends in rhinovirus reports in our laboratory diagnoses data. keywords: data; epidemics; influenza; laboratory; seasons; virus; viruses cache: cord-354151-psog34u3.txt plain text: cord-354151-psog34u3.txt item: #1190 of 1203 id: cord-354536-c9v9kbw8 author: Han, Yan-Jie title: Advances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 date: 2020-07-09 words: 5277 flesch: 41 summary: 61, 62 Chloroquine phosphate can block virus infection by up-regulating the pH of endosomes, required low for virus-cell fusion, and inhibiting glycosylation of cellular receptors. 73 Blood-derived immunotherapy based on recovered patients can be used to treat infections including measles virus, Lhasa virus, SARS coronavirus and influenza A H5N1 virus. keywords: coronavirus; cov; cov-2; human; infection; interferon; mers; protein; replication; sars; treatment; vitro cache: cord-354536-c9v9kbw8.txt plain text: cord-354536-c9v9kbw8.txt item: #1191 of 1203 id: cord-354582-fniymnmf author: Ma, Zhiqian title: Reverse genetic systems: Rational design of coronavirus live attenuated vaccines with immune sequelae date: 2020-06-30 words: 8398 flesch: 27 summary: In this review, we systematically describe the role of reverse genetics technology in studying the effects of coronavirus proteins on viral virulence and innate immunity, cell and tissue tropism and antiviral drug screening. Reverse genetics systems are highly valuable research tools for RNA virus vaccine development, which may be more efficient than conventional approaches with live attenuation through passing (forward genetics) or inactivation (Stobart and Moore, 2014) . keywords: acute; cdna; cells; coronavirus; cov; et al; genetics; genome; immune; mers; mhv; porcine; protein; replication; rna; sars; syndrome; type; vaccines; virulence cache: cord-354582-fniymnmf.txt plain text: cord-354582-fniymnmf.txt item: #1192 of 1203 id: cord-354848-7aakik9a author: Sayres, Lauren title: Contemporary Understanding of Ebola and Zika Virus in Pregnancy date: 2020-10-16 words: 4376 flesch: 36 summary: I. Isolations and serological specificity Zika virus: a report on three cases of human infection during an epidemic of jaundice in Nigeria Zika virus Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections -an unprecedented epidemic wave of mosquito-borne viruses in the Pacific Zika virus spreads to new areas -region of the Americas Zika virus infection -after the pandemic Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro Pregnancy outcomes after maternal Zika virus infection during pregnancy Zika virus infection during pregnancy and microcephaly occurrence: a review of literature and Brazilian data Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily-fluids: a systematic review Pathogenesis of flavivirus infections: using and abusing the host cell Zika virus infects human cortical neural progenitors and attenuates their growth ZIKA virus reveals broad tissue and cell tropism during the first trimester of pregnancy Zika virus pathogenesis and tissue tropism Emergence of congenital zika syndrome: viewpoint from the front lines Congenital brain abnormalities and zika virus: what the radiologist can expect to see prenatally and postnatally Ultrasound imaging for identification of cerebral damage in congenital Zika virus syndrome: a case series Characterizing the pattern of anomalies in congenital zika syndrome for pediatric clinicians Update: interim guidance for health care providers caring for pregnant women with possible zika virus exposure -United States Management of patients in the context of zika virus: ACOG committee opinion, number 784 ISUOG Interim Guidance on ultrasound for Zika virus infection in pregnancy: information for healthcare professionals Dengue and Zika virus diagnostic testing for patients with a clinically compatible illness and risk for infection with both viruses Associated ultrasonographic findings in fetuses with microcephaly because of suspected Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy Analysis of blood from Zika virus-infected fetuses: a prospective case series Host-directed antivirals: a realistic alternative to fight zika virus Computer-assisted and data driven approaches for surveillance, drug discovery, and vaccine design for the Zika virus Investigational drugs for the treatment of Zika virus infection: a preclinical and clinical update Zika vaccines and therapeutics: landscape analysis and challenges ahead Beta Adrenergic receptor-mediated regulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in C6 glioma cells: vinblastine blockade of isoproterenol induction Prevention and control strategies to counter zika virus, a special focus on intervention approaches against vector mosquitoes-current updates Personal actions to minimize mosquito-borne illnesses, including zika virus Mosquito-borne diseases as a global health problem: implications for pregnancy and travel Preventing transmission of zika virus in labor and delivery settings through implementation of standard precautions -United States An integrative review of the limited evidence on international travel bans as an emerging infectious disease disaster control measure Rapid spread of zika virus in the Americasimplications for public health preparedness for mass Blood & tissue safety: geographic areas at increased risk for Zika virus transmission through blood or tissue donation Mitigating prenatal zika virus infection in the Americas Preliminary aggregate safety and immunogenicity results from three trials of a purified inactivated Zika virus vaccine candidate: phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials Safety and pharmacokinetics of broadly neutralising human monoclonal antibody VRC07-523LS in healthy adults: a phase 1 dose-escalation clinical trial Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two Zika virus DNA vaccine candidates in healthy adults: randomised, open-label, phase 1 clinical trials Zika vaccine development: current status Potential maternal and infant outcomes from (Wuhan) coronavirus 2019-nCoV infecting pregnant women: lessons from SARS, MERS, and other human coronavirus infections Addressing the effects of established and emerging infections during pregnancy Zika virus infection is typically detected by serum and urine RT PCR nucleic acid molecular screening and/or serologic IgM ELISA screening. keywords: ebola; infection; management; pregnancy; risk; testing; transmission; vaccine; virus; women; zika cache: cord-354848-7aakik9a.txt plain text: cord-354848-7aakik9a.txt item: #1193 of 1203 id: cord-355181-affuyn8z author: Poggio, Claudio title: Copper-Alloy Surfaces and Cleaning Regimens against the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Dentistry and Orthopedics. From Fomites to Anti-Infective Nanocoatings date: 2020-07-22 words: 5801 flesch: 38 summary: Exposure to copper surfaces results in morphological changes to human coronavirus particles visible in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [67] . Given this context, the use of copper surfaces brings a new perspective for constant and inherent disinfection. keywords: alloy; copper; coronavirus; cov-2; covid-19; infection; metal; nanoparticles; sars; spread; surfaces; virus cache: cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt plain text: cord-355181-affuyn8z.txt item: #1194 of 1203 id: cord-355259-779czzzx author: Yang, Xiaoyun title: A Beneficiary Role for Neuraminidase in Influenza Virus Penetration through the Respiratory Mucus date: 2014-10-15 words: 6160 flesch: 43 summary: Investigating the role of influenza virus neuraminidase in the cleavage of sialic acid from mucus may shed some light on unravelling the mechanism of influenza pneumonia. Hence the effect of influenza virus neuraminidase on mucus needs to be studied. keywords: diffusion; fig; influenza; influenza virus; mucus; neuraminidase; particles; penetration; respiratory; siv; virus; viruses cache: cord-355259-779czzzx.txt plain text: cord-355259-779czzzx.txt item: #1195 of 1203 id: cord-355489-tkvfneje author: Mendez, Jairo A title: Phylogenetic history demonstrates two different lineages of dengue type 1 virus in Colombia date: 2010-09-14 words: 4616 flesch: 43 summary: Clinical Investigations Genetic variation and microevolution of dengue 2 virus in Southeast Asia Molecular evolution and distribution of dengue viruses type 1 and 2 in nature Phylogenetic relationships of dengue-2 viruses Molecular epidemiology of dengue-1 and dengue-4 viruses Molecular evolution and phylogeny of dengue-4 viruses Molecular evolution of dengue type 2 virus in Thailand Molecular epidemiology of dengue viruses in Brazil Molecular epidemiology of dengue type 2 virus in Venezuela: evidence for in situ virus evolution and recombination Phylogenetic relationships and differential selection pressures among genotypes of dengue-2 virus Molecular evolution and phylogeny of dengue type 4 virus in the Caribbean The origin, emergence and evolutionary genetics of dengue virus Molecular epidemiological study of dengue virus type 1 in Taiwan Genotipificación y análisis filogenético de cepas colombianas del virus dengue tipo 2 Molecular epidemiology of dengue virus type 3 in Venezuela Phylogeography and molecular evolution of dengue 2 in the Caribbean basin Introduction of the American/Asian genotype of dengue 2 virus into the Yucatan State of Mexico Dengue virus 3 genotype 1 assosiated with dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever Use of a Short Fragment of the C-Terminal E Gene for Detection and Characterization of Two New Lineages of Dengue Virus 1 in India Simultaneous circulation of genotypes I and III of dengue virus 3 in Colombia Phylogenetic studies reveal existence of multiple lineages of a single genotype of DENV-1 (genotype III) in India during 1956-2007 Dengue virus structural differences that correlate with pathogenesis Effect of age on outcome of secondary dengue 2 infections Burden of symptomatic dengue infection in children at primary school in Thailand: a prospective study Race: a risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever Dengue virus evolution and virulence models Microevolution and virulence of dengue viruses Lineage extinction and replacement in dengue type 1 virus populations are due to stochastic events rather than to natural selection Invasion and maintenance of dengue virus type 2 and type 4 in the Americas Molecular epidemiology of dengue 2 viruses in the Philippines: genotype shift and local evolution Molecular evolution of dengue 2 virus in Puerto Rico: Positive selection in the viral envelope accompanies clade reintroduction CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0 BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees Estimating the rate of molecular evolution: incorporating non-contemporaneous sequences into maximum likelihood phylogenies Bayesian inference of phylogeny: a non-technical primer Relaxed phylogenetics and dating with confidence RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival The causes and consequences of genetic variation in dengue virus Phylogenetic evidence for adaptive evolution of dengue viruses in nature Selection-driven evolution of emergent dengue virus Patterns of intra-and interhost nonsynonymous variation reveal strong purifying selection in dengue virus keywords: colombia; dengue; denv-1; evolution; genotype; isolates; lineages; molecular; pcr; strains; time; virus; viruses cache: cord-355489-tkvfneje.txt plain text: cord-355489-tkvfneje.txt item: #1196 of 1203 id: cord-355535-01h8yyqj author: Zheng, Xue-yan title: Regional, age and respiratory-secretion-specific prevalence of respiratory viruses associated with asthma exacerbation: a literature review date: 2018-01-11 words: 3292 flesch: 37 summary: The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee Report Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disabilityadjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9-11 year old children Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies Burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis Meta-analysis in clinical trials Global epidemiology of non-influenza RNA respiratory viruses: data gaps and a growing need for surveillance Prevalence of rhinoviruses in young children of an unselected birth cohort from the Netherlands Prevalence of non-influenza respiratory viruses in acute respiratory infection cases in Mexico The epidemiology of medically attended respiratory syncytial virus in older adults in the United States: a systematic review Epidemiology of sepsis-like illness in young infants: major role of enterovirus and human parechovirus Infections and coinfections by respiratory human bocavirus during eight seasons in hospitalized children EV-D68 infection in children with asthma exacerbation and pneumonia in Mexico City during Network New Vaccine Surveillance (2013) Burden of human metapneumovirus infection in young children Rhinovirus-induced first wheezing episode predicts atopic but not nonatopic asthma at school age RSV Global Epidemiology Network (2017) Global, regional and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study Detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at birth in a newborn with respiratory distress Frequent detection and genetic diversity of human bocavirus in urban sewage samples Modelling person-to-person transmission in an Enterovirus A71 orally infected hamster model of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and encephalomyelitis High-throughput, sensitive, and accurate multiplex PCR-microsphere flow cytometry system for large-scale comprehensive detection of respiratory viruses Prospective comparison of the detection rates of human enterovirus and parechovirus RT-qPCR and viral culture in different pediatric specimens Bronchial mucus transport Pathological changes in virus infections of the lower respiratory tract in children Structure and function of the polymeric mucins in airways mucus The role of viruses in acute exacerbations of asthma Human rhinovirus infection enhances airway epithelial cell production of growth factors involved in airway remodeling Shotgun proteomic analysis of humaninduced sputum Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET) (2015) Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus: current management and new therapeutics Enterovirus 68 infection-association with asthma Study Group (2017) Sixty articles (63 studies) were analyzed to assess the association of virus infection with asthma exacerbations. keywords: asthma; exacerbations; infection; prevalence; respiratory; studies; virus; viruses cache: cord-355535-01h8yyqj.txt plain text: cord-355535-01h8yyqj.txt item: #1197 of 1203 id: cord-355685-wgad0eoh author: Francesconi, Valeria title: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses date: 2020-03-25 words: 6079 flesch: 37 summary: IV Organoplatinum(II) complexes with 2-acetylthiophene thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, characterization, crystal Structures, and in vitro antitumor activity Synthesis, NMR structural characterization and molecular modeling of substituted thiosemicarbazones and semicarbazones using DFT calculations to prove the syn/anti isomer formation Novel inhibitors of influenza virus fusion: Structure-activity relationship and interaction with the viral hemagglutinin Host dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of novel azaspiro dihydrotriazines as influenza virus inhibitors targeting the host factor dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) Synthesis and anti-coronavirus activity of a series of 1-thia-4-azaspiro Orally active fusion inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus Respiratory syncytial virus-The discovery and optimization of orally bioavailable fusion inhibitors. Docking calculations within the X-ray structure of RSV F protein (pdb code = 5KWW) were done using the LeadIT 2.1.8 software suite (www.biosolveit.com) including the FlexX scoring algorithm, which is based on binding free energy calculations by means of Gibbs-Helmholtz equation [35] [36] [37] . keywords: activity; antiviral; benzimidazole; compounds; derivatives; docking; figure; hydrazone; protein; respiratory; rsv; series; virus cache: cord-355685-wgad0eoh.txt plain text: cord-355685-wgad0eoh.txt item: #1198 of 1203 id: cord-355771-pxkkd3s1 author: Olagnier, David title: Oncolytic Viral Immunotherapy in the Time of COVID-19 date: 2020-11-04 words: 1795 flesch: 32 summary: Clinical landscape of oncolytic virus research in 2020 Introduction to Oncolytic Virotherapy Turning cold tumours hot: oncolytic virotherapy gets up close and personal with other therapeutics at the 11th Oncolytic Virus Conference History of oncolytic viruses: genesis to genetic engineering Regression of Burkitt's lymphoma in association with measles infection The issue begins with an encyclopedic evaluation of the cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that orchestrate the immune response to oncolytic virus immunotherapy, provide by Jonathan Pol and colleagues of the laboratory of Guido Kroemer in Paris. keywords: cancer; tumour cache: cord-355771-pxkkd3s1.txt plain text: cord-355771-pxkkd3s1.txt item: #1199 of 1203 id: cord-355872-z6vsjmxn author: Colón-López, Daisy D. title: Emerging viral infections date: 2019-08-15 words: 3710 flesch: 29 summary: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis Major emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Canada Climate change and range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Northeastern USA: implications for public health practitioners Emerging virus diseases: can we ever expect the unexpected? SARS-CoV and emergent coronaviruses: viral determinants of interspecies transmission Comprehensive panel of real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assays for detection and absolute quantification of filoviruses, arenaviruses, and new world hantaviruses Yellow fever: 100 years of discovery The etiology of yellow fever: an additional note Actionable diagnosis of neuroleptospirosis by next-generation sequencing A novel rhabdovirus associated with acute hemorrhagic fever in central Africa Genetic detection and characterization of Lujo virus, a new hemorrhagic fever-associated arenavirus from southern Africa Author correction: the discovery of Bombali virus adds further support for bats as hosts of ebolaviruses A metagenomic viral discovery approach identifies potential zoonotic and novel mammalian viruses in Neoromicia bats within South Africa Consensus statement: virus taxonomy in the age of metagenomics A strategy to estimate unknown viral diversity in mammals Public health threat of new, reemerging, and neglected zoonoses in the industrialized world Viral metagenomics on animals as a tool for the detection of zoonoses prior to human infection? Redefining the invertebrate RNA virosphere A Wolbachia symbiont in Aedes aegypti limits infection with dengue, Chikungunya, and Plasmodium The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia induces resistance to dengue virus in Aedes aegypti Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia Open-source genomic analysis of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak Molecular evidence of sexual transmission of Ebola virus Rapid outbreak sequencing of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone identifies transmission chains linked to sporadic cases Possible sexual transmission of Ebola virus-Liberia Implementation of a National semen testing and counseling program for male Ebola survivors-Liberia Importation and containment of Ebola virus disease-Senegal Ebola virus disease outbreak-Nigeria Laboratory response to 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in Mali Second Ebola patient is treated in UK Molecular characterization of the first Ebola virus isolated in Italy First secondary case of Ebola outside Africa: epidemiological characteristics and contact monitoring Second US nurse with Ebola had traveled by plane Ebola and compliance with infection prevention measures in Nigeria Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria Zika virus. keywords: discovery; ebola; host; human; infection; outbreak; pathogen; sequencing; transmission; virus; viruses cache: cord-355872-z6vsjmxn.txt plain text: cord-355872-z6vsjmxn.txt item: #1200 of 1203 id: cord-355906-yeaw9nr8 author: Nedjadi, Taoufik title: Tackling dengue fever: Current status and challenges date: 2015-12-09 words: 6825 flesch: 40 summary: Development, characterization and application of monoclonal antibodies against Brazilian dengue virus isolates A simple one-step real-time RT-PCR for diagnosis of dengue virus infection Current advances in dengue diagnosis Reliable classifier to differentiate primary and secondary acute dengue infection based on IgG ELISA Human genetic susceptibility to intracellular pathogens Host genetic susceptibility to severe dengue infection Impact of dengue virus infection on feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti Dengue virus infection of the Aedes aegypti salivary gland and chemosensory apparatus induces genes that modulate infection and blood-feeding behavior A novel amino acid substitution in a voltage gated sodium channel is associated with knockdown resistance to permethrin in Aedes aegypti Widespread distribution of newly found point mutation in voltage-gated sodium channel in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations in Vietnam Detection of the V1016G mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) by allele-specific PCR assay, and its distribution and effect on deltamethrin resistance in Thailand Race: A risk factor for dengue hemorrhagic fever Asymptomatic dengue infection in a Cuban population confirms the protective role of the RR variant of the FcgammaRIIa polymorphism A variant in the CD209 promoter is associated with severity of the disease Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever: Implications of host genetics Polymorphisms of the TAP 1 and 2 gene may influence clinical outcome of primary dengue viral infection All serotypes of dengue virus induce HLA-A2 major histocompatibility complex class I promoter activity in human liver cells Two putative subunits of a peptide pump encoded in the human major histocompatibility complex class II region Polymorphisms in the oligoadenylate synthetase gene cluster and its association with clinical outcomes of dengue virus infection Cell type specificity and host genetic polymorphisms influence antibodydependent enhancement of dengue virus infection The 1a, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 reduces dengue virus infection in human myelomonocyte (U937) and hepatic (Huh-7) cell lines and cytokine production in the infected monocytes Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with clinical outcomes of dengue virus infection Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for dengue shock syndrome at MICB and PLCE1 Interactions of human NKG2D with its ligands MICA, MICB, and homologs of the mouse RAE-1 protein family Natural killer cell activation enhances immune pathology and promotes chronic infection by limiting CD8+ T-cell immunity Genetic variants of MICB and PLCE1 and associations with non-severe dengue Host gene expression profiling of dengue virus infection in cell lines and patients Common variants of chemokine receptor gene CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL10 and CXCL11 associated with vascular permeability of dengue infection in peninsular Malaysia Early enhanced expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 (CXCL-10) and other chemokines predicts adverse outcome in severe acute respiratory syndrome Two other compounds have also been shown to qualify as potent inhibitors of dengue virus infection are imino-sugars deoxynojirimycin and castanospermine keywords: aegypti; cases; cells; control; dengue; denv; development; disease; fever; genes; host; infection; phase; tetravalent; trial; vaccine; virus cache: cord-355906-yeaw9nr8.txt plain text: cord-355906-yeaw9nr8.txt item: #1201 of 1203 id: cord-355913-fhvt1ht1 author: Burrell, Christopher J. title: Virus Replication date: 2016-11-11 words: 9867 flesch: 41 summary: The situation is quite different for RNA viruses as these are unique having genetic information coded as RNA. For RNA viruses, the regulation of transcription is, on the whole, not as complex as is the case for DNA viruses. keywords: acid; cell; dna; example; genes; genome; host; membrane; mrna; particles; proteins; replication; rna; rna viruses; synthesis; transcription; viruses cache: cord-355913-fhvt1ht1.txt plain text: cord-355913-fhvt1ht1.txt item: #1202 of 1203 id: cord-356176-1nwjjgul author: Atherton, J. G. title: The effect of ascorbic acid on infection of chick-embryo ciliated tracheal organ cultures by coronavirus date: 1978 words: 1753 flesch: 51 summary: The final observation was made after 4 days incubation and cilial activity reduced to 1 + or less taken as evidence of virus infection. A lower titre for virus infectivity end-point in treated cells compared with untreated cells, indicating a decrease in plating efficiency, was taken as evidence of increased resistance of the treated cells to virus infection. keywords: acid; ascorbic; cells; infection; virus cache: cord-356176-1nwjjgul.txt plain text: cord-356176-1nwjjgul.txt item: #1203 of 1203 id: cord-356188-rwf78stz author: Oshansky, Christine M. title: The human side of influenza date: 2012-07-01 words: 9533 flesch: 27 summary: Studies of innate and adaptive immune responses to influenza virus infection have been restricted primarily to animal models of disease and inflammation. A virus lacking the NS1 gene replicates in interferon-deficient systems Species-specific antagonism of host ISGylation by the influenza B virus NS1 protein Monocyte-mediated defense against microbial pathogens Contrasting effects of CCR5 and CCR2 deficiency in the pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza A virus Chemokine regulation of the inflammatory response to a low-dose influenza infection in CCR2Ϫ/Ϫ mice TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells are the necessary evil of lethal influenza virus infection Fatal outcome of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection is associated with immunopathology and impaired lung repair, not enhanced viral burden in pregnant mice Alveolar epithelial cells direct monocyte transepithelial migration upon influenza virus infection: impact of chemokines and adhesion molecules CXCR2 is required for neutrophil recruitment to the lung during influenza virus infection, but is not essential for viral clearance Type I interferon signaling regulates Ly6C monocytes and neutrophils during acute viral pneumonia in mice nate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus Influenza keywords: a(h1n1)pdm09; antibody; cells; children; h1n1; human; individuals; infection; influenza; monocytes; pandemic; responses; role; studies; vaccination; vaccine; virus; viruses cache: cord-356188-rwf78stz.txt plain text: cord-356188-rwf78stz.txt