# bib

id: cord-307549-1g6x5grl
author: Fullick, James
title: “Water, water, everywhere”: a challenge to ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic
date: 2020-05-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 936
sentence: 45
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-307549-1g6x5grl.txt
txt: txt/cord-307549-1g6x5grl.txt
summary:
  Several methods are proposed to counteract this: increasing fresh gas flow to at least minute ventilation, decreasing breathing circuit length, and introduction of water traps into the breathing circuit. Water traps act as a reservoir for condensed water within the circuit.


id: cord-265504-yq9wsugy
author: Anim, Desmond Ofosu
title: Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa
date: 2020-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1147
sentence: 45
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt
txt: txt/cord-265504-yq9wsugy.txt
summary:
  Water scarcity reflects the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet demand of usage within a region whereas water stress refers to the inability to meet human and ecological demand for water. In this paper, we highlight the issues that characterize water services amid the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and discuss avenues for improving water management during this pandemic and future infectious disease outbreaks.


id: cord-014900-yw088jvf
author: Li, W. D.
date: 2011-05-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1903
sentence: 86
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-014900-yw088jvf.txt
txt: txt/cord-014900-yw088jvf.txt
title:
  Effect of water deficit on biomass production and accumulation of secondary metabolites in roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

summary:
  Dry weight of the plant and its organs decreased with increasing water deficit, but no effect was exerted at 60-70% WC ( Table 2) . Root dry weight decreased by 2.3, 13.1, and 37.6% with increasing water deficit, while shoot dry weight decreased by 11.9, 24.6, and 46.0%, respectively (Table 2 ).


id: cord-308342-ycdok8fc
author: Shutler, J.
title: Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from contaminated water systems
date: 2020-06-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3149
sentence: 114
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-308342-ycdok8fc.txt
txt: txt/cord-308342-ycdok8fc.txt
summary:
  While 42 evidence for SARS CoV-2 is limited, other human coronaviruses are documented to 43 survive in wastewater effluent 9 , with colder water temperature likely to increase survival 44 considerably 3 . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.20133504 doi: medRxiv preprint water temperature, needed to calculate virus survivability, was calculated from a climate 266 quality global lake temperature dataset (see below).


id: cord-309179-5hlatbqe
author: Bosch, Albert
title: New tools for the study and direct surveillance of viral pathogens in water
date: 2008-05-26
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3352
sentence: 110
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-309179-5hlatbqe.txt
txt: txt/cord-309179-5hlatbqe.txt
summary:
  Main difficulties to overcome for virus detection and characterisation in water samples encompass viral diversity, occurrence of low particle numbers, particularly in drinking water, and the technical challenges of virus assays. [3] may be used for direct virus concentration in heavily polluted medium size samples, for example, sewage, having this latter method the added advantage of removing substances inhibitory to RT-PCR enzymes if this method is employed for virus detection


id: cord-023464-uklnrgt8
author: Black, E. Kathleen
title: Detection and occurrence of waterborne bacterial and viral pathogens
date: 1993-06-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3284
sentence: 108
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-023464-uklnrgt8.txt
txt: txt/cord-023464-uklnrgt8.txt
summary:
  Methods for quantifying pathogens continue to improve, resulting in improved detection of stressed and injured organisms and reducing the time committed to identification (Bifulco and Schaefer; Covert et al.; Jacob and Stelzer; Oliver et al.; and Warburton et al.) . Developments in gene probe and immunoassay technologies are making these detection methods more accessible to routine water analysis laboratories (Atlas et al.;


id: cord-292604-x9amm87g
author: Rupali, Priscilla
title: Introduction to Tropical Medicine
date: 2019-03-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3863
sentence: 170
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-292604-x9amm87g.txt
txt: txt/cord-292604-x9amm87g.txt
summary:
  He eventually came back to London where he lectured on tropical diseases at the St. George's hospital. Tropical diseases are classified as communicable and noncommunicable diseases.


id: cord-268999-6748c617
author: Gibson, Kristen E
title: Viral pathogens in water: occurrence, public health impact, and available control strategies
date: 2014-01-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4053
sentence: 123
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-268999-6748c617.txt
txt: txt/cord-268999-6748c617.txt
summary:
  The role of wastewater treatment in protecting water supplies against emerging pathogens Municipal wastewater treatment plants as pathogen removal systems and as a contamination source of noroviruses and Enterococcus faecalis Demonstrates municipal wastewater treatment plants as a source of human enteric viruses in both recreational and drinking water sources Presence of human noro-and adenoviruses in river and treated wastewater, a longitudinal study and method comparison Challenges in environmental detection of human viral pathogens Highlights the challenges and limitations surrounding the recovery and detection of human enteric viruses in environmental water sources Detection of enteric viruses in treated drinking water Viruses in drinking water Tangential-flow ultrafiltration with integrated inhibition detection for recovery of surrogates and human pathogens from large-volume source water and finished drinking water Detection of infectious enteroviruses and adenoviruses in tap water in urban areas in Korea Detection of enteric viruses, Giardia and Cryptosporidium in two different types of drinking water treatment facilities Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water Analysis of adenoviruses and polyomaviruses quantified by qPCR as indicators of water quality in source and drinking-water treatment plants Evaluation of methodology for detection of human adenoviruses in wastewater, drinking water, stream water and recreational waters Real-time PCR detection of enteric viruses in source water and treated drinking water in Wuhan, China Utilizes epidemiological data as well as tracer dye test to determine contamination of a fractured rock aquifer with human norovirus Riverbank filtration: comparison of pilot scale transport with theory A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR method for detection of human enteric viruses in groundwater Incidence of enteric viruses in groundwater from household wells in Wisconsin Assessment of sewer source contamination of drinking water wells using tracers and human enteric viruses Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys Detection of bacterial indicators and human and bovine enteric viruses in surface water and groundwater sources potentially impacted by animal and human wastes in Lower Yakima Valley Viruses in non-disinfected drinking water from municipal wells and community incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness Provides evidence that populations served by groundwater-source public water systems producing water without disinfection are exposed to waterborne viruses along with an increased incidence of AGI Nationwide groundwater surveillance of noroviruses in South Korea Comprehensive review of groundwater contamination with viruses in a high-income country other than the United States Occurrence of norovirus and other enteric viruses in untreated groundwaters of Korea US drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century Viruses in recreational waterborne disease outbreaks: a review Food Safety News: 200 Ill With Norovirus Infections After Swimming in WI Lake WHO: Outbreaks of Waterborne Diseases Norovirus outbreak among primary schoolchildren who had played in a recreational water fountain Massive outbreak of viral gastroenteritis associated with consumption of municipal drinking water in a European capital city An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by norovirus-contaminated groundwater at a waterpark in Korea Microbial contamination of drinking water and disease outcomes in developing regions Point of use household drinking water filtration: a practical, effective solution for providing sustained access to safe drinking water in the developing world Using limes and synthetic psoralens to enhance solar disinfection of water (SODIS): a laboratory evaluation with Norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2 Microbiological effectiveness of locally produced ceramic filters for drinking water treatment in Cambodia The efficacy of simulated solar disinfection (SODIS) against coxsackievirus, poliovirus and hepatitis A virus Bacterial, viral and turbidity removal by intermittent slow sand filtration for household use in developing countries: experimental investigation and modelling Impact of water-vending kiosks and hygiene education on household drinking water quality in rural Ghana Evaluation of human enteric viruses in surface water and drinking water resources in southern Ghana Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades Micro and Ultrafiltration Performance Specifications Based on Microbial Removal. The occurrence of human enteric viruses in water remains largely unknown unless an outbreak is reported and samples are collected since water sources are not routinely tested for viruses.


id: cord-022663-n21jvt22
author: Vandegrift, Jillian
date: 2019-07-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4512
sentence: 177
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-022663-n21jvt22.txt
txt: txt/cord-022663-n21jvt22.txt
title:
  Overview of Monitoring Techniques for Evaluating Water Quality at Potable Reuse Treatment Facilities

summary:
  For regions with imminent water supply shortages due to uncharacteristically long periods of drought or significant population shifts, the primary options for increasing water supply are water importation, saltwater desalination, and water reuse (Snyder 2014) . Water reuse may include a combination of potable and nonpotable uses to increase water supply resiliency.


id: cord-004890-fob5lk2m
author: Fischbarg, J.
date: 1995
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4835
sentence: 242
flesch: 62
cache: cache/cord-004890-fob5lk2m.txt
txt: txt/cord-004890-fob5lk2m.txt
title:
  Predictive evidence for a porin-type β-barrel fold in CHIP28 and other members of the MIP family. A restricted-pore model common to water channels and facilitators

summary:
  Protein water channels through membranes are currently the subject of much interest. In past decades, protein water channels were postulated to exist based on indirect but rather compelling evidence (Hays & Leaf, 1962; Solomon, 1968; Macey & Farmer, 1970; Parisi & Bourguet, 1983; Macey, 1984; Verkman, 1992) .


id: cord-247879-jdkikd29
author: Kayode, John Stephen
date: 2020-06-08
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5112
sentence: 158
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt
txt: txt/cord-247879-jdkikd29.txt
title:
  The Covid-19 pandemic's effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities

summary:
  There has not been any confirmation so far of people contacting the coronavirus through water bodies, either in underground or surface waters, or spreading it through any contaminated drinking water system (Casanova, et al., 2020 , Shereen, et al., 2020 , Yang, et al., 2020 , despite the virus being detected in all types of water systems, with a reported connection between drinking and recreational water outbreaks. key: cord-247879-jdkikd29 authors: Kayode, John Stephen; Embrandiri, Asha; Olateju, Adijat Olubukola title: The Covid-19 pandemic's effects on poor rural dwellers in sub-Saharan Africa: A case study of access to basic clean water, sanitary systems and hand-washing facilities date: 2020-06-08 journal: nan DOI: nan sha: doc_id: 247879 cord_uid: jdkikd29


id: cord-265268-5xu9hj2n
author: Ahmed, W.
date: 2016-08-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4972
sentence: 179
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-265268-5xu9hj2n.txt
txt: txt/cord-265268-5xu9hj2n.txt
title:
  Evaluation of Glass Wool Filters and Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration Concentration Methods for qPCR Detection of Human Adenoviruses and Polyomaviruses in River Water

summary:
  The method involves concentrating water samples using a Hemoflow HF80S dialysis filter (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homberg, Germany). Therefore, we recommended that HFUF method should be used to concentrate water samples for MST field studies.


id: cord-265715-u8rc48f4
author: Ishaq, Sadia
date: 2020-07-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5391
sentence: 173
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-265715-u8rc48f4.txt
txt: txt/cord-265715-u8rc48f4.txt
title:
  Investigating the public health risks of low impact development at residential, neighbourhood, and municipal levels

summary:
  f 17 i.e. playing in water, jump, and fall ( Fig. 8 ) (an analysis of surface water annual disease burden in relation to water-borne pathogens and exposure activity is given in Fig. Surface water includes urban tributaries, rivers, and lakes, which receive runoff and are mainly used for recreational purposes (Lim et al., 2015) .


id: cord-273291-75j2axjd
author: Chen, Ying-Chu
date: 2020-10-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5283
sentence: 260
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-273291-75j2axjd.txt
txt: txt/cord-273291-75j2axjd.txt
title:
  System dynamics evaluation of household water use behavior and associated greenhouse gas emissions and environmental costs: A case study of Taipei city

summary:
  Household water use can help make water consumption a key indicator of human behavior [20] . Household water use is frequently assessed by questionnaire or established models.


id: cord-012419-tmcm4kxn
author: Nakamura, Shingo
date: 2020-06-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5765
sentence: 206
flesch: 41
cache: cache/cord-012419-tmcm4kxn.txt
txt: txt/cord-012419-tmcm4kxn.txt
title:
  Concentrated Bioshell Calcium Oxide (BiSCaO) Water Kills Pathogenic Microbes: Characterization and Activity

summary:
  The CFU/mL following treatment with undiluted and 2-fold diluted BiSCaO Water and 0.8 and 0.2 wt% of NaClO, BiSCaO dispersion, and colloidal dispersion were below the detection limit for both TC and CF, whereas low counts of TC and CF remained viable following treatment with 4-fold diluted BiSCaO Water and 0.05 wt% of NaClO, BiSCaO dispersion, and colloidal dispersion ( Figure 4 ). The CFU/mL following treatment with undiluted and 2-fold diluted BiSCaO Water and 0.8 and 0.2 wt% of NaClO, BiSCaO dispersion, and colloidal dispersion were below the detection limit for both TC and CF, whereas low counts of TC and CF remained viable following treatment with 4-fold diluted BiSCaO Water and 0.05 wt% of NaClO, BiSCaO dispersion, and colloidal dispersion ( Figure 4 ).


id: cord-315198-v4ay9kwg
author: Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah
title: SARS-CoV-2: The Increasing Importance of Water Filtration against Highly Pathogenic Microbes
date: 2020-08-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1413
sentence: 55
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-315198-v4ay9kwg.txt
txt: txt/cord-315198-v4ay9kwg.txt
summary:
  Water filters have been used traditionally and effectively in eradicating bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and other parasites. The use of tap water filters should be encouraged to remove pathogenic microbes coupled with restrained or cautious nasal irrigation (not forcing water inside nostrils vigorously) during ritual ablution or bathing to evade dangerous consequences for those communities residing in the developing nations.


id: cord-267680-n1t7by3r
author: Maurya, Anurag
title: Biofiltration technique for removal of waterborne pathogens
date: 2020-02-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6074
sentence: 301
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-267680-n1t7by3r.txt
txt: txt/cord-267680-n1t7by3r.txt
summary:
  Therefore, biofiltration can be an efficient bioremediation technology for pathogen removal. Most common indicator organism for pathogen removal is coliform.


id: cord-284498-54j6ys8s
author: Ihsanullah, Ihsanullah
date: 2020-10-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5704
sentence: 263
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt
txt: txt/cord-284498-54j6ys8s.txt
title:
  Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in water environments: Current status, challenges and research opportunities

summary:
  Although the major transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are through respiratory droplets and direct contact [3] [4] [5] , recent studies have reported the presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated and treated wastewater and human feces [3, [6] A recent study reported that there is a negative correlation between sunlight UV dose and percent positive of SARS-CoV-2 [117] .


id: cord-018316-drjfwcdg
author: Shephard, Roy J.
title: Building the Infrastructure and Regulations Needed for Public Health and Fitness
date: 2017-09-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6248
sentence: 231
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt
txt: txt/cord-018316-drjfwcdg.txt
summary:
  4. To note the new challenges to public health presented by such current issues as the abuse of tobacco and mood-altering drugs, continuing toxic auto-emissions, the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, a decreased acceptance of MMR vaccinations, and the ready spread of infectious diseases by air travel. In this chapter, we will look at success in meeting these objectives in various communities from early history through the Classical Era, the Arab World, Mediaeval Europe, the Renaissance, and the Enlightenment to the Victorian Era, concluding with some comments on current challenges to public health.


id: cord-016564-od9mf2f2
author: Capodaglio, Andrea G.
title: Online Monitoring Technologies For Drinking Water Systems Security
date: 2009
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6411
sentence: 202
flesch: 26
cache: cache/cord-016564-od9mf2f2.txt
txt: txt/cord-016564-od9mf2f2.txt
summary:
  Hardness is defined as the sum of divalent cations in a water sample, and is relevant in drinking water systems for aesthetic reasons and for corrosion concerns. Pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides and herbicides comprise triazines and phenlylurea compounds; they are monitored in drinking water systems in order to: detect accidental pollution in source waters, and check the effectiveness of treatment specifically designed to remove such substances.


id: cord-009804-4lozmf0h
author: Lion, Marryanna
title: Evapotranspiration and water source of a tropical rainforest in peninsular Malaysia
date: 2017-10-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6827
sentence: 223
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-009804-4lozmf0h.txt
txt: txt/cord-009804-4lozmf0h.txt
summary:
  Water in plants was often different from soil water, probably because plant water came from a different source than water that was strongly bound to the soil particles. Using isotope indices, we can investigate whether soil water, streamflow, and plant transpiration are all sourced and mediated by the same well-mixed water reservoir originating in the soil (Evaristo et al., 2015) .


id: cord-285620-oawrnmhy
author: Fahimirad, Shohreh
title: Efficient removal of water bacteria and viruses using electrospun nanofibers
date: 2020-08-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6770
sentence: 244
flesch: 29
cache: cache/cord-285620-oawrnmhy.txt
txt: txt/cord-285620-oawrnmhy.txt
summary:
  Liquidity Nanotech Corporation has created electrospun nanofiber membrane made water purification cartridge with superior flow rate, about a cup per minute, good microbiological retention, 6-log bacteria reduction, 4-log virus reduction and 6-log cyst reduction and simple usage process (https://product.statnano.com/product/1981/liquidity-water-purification-cartridge). The present work reviews previous studies on the production and application of electrospun nanofibers as antimicrobial water filtration membranes.


id: cord-022674-90g0461f
author: Hurst, Christon J.
title: Detecting Viruses in Water
date: 1989-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7264
sentence: 265
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-022674-90g0461f.txt
txt: txt/cord-022674-90g0461f.txt
summary:
  Recent advances for these types of assays include the deliberate use of mixed cell types within single cultures that are to be inoculated with virus samples. 1.32.34.71.7~-79cartridges prepared as hollow tubesof filter material,2,77and cartridges composed of pleated sheets of filter material.28Jl Viruses adsorb onto the filter matrix during the passage of viral-containing water samples through the filters.


id: cord-312528-erl8jftp
author: Hallema, Dennis W.
title: Pandemic spotlight on urban water quality
date: 2020-05-06
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 684
sentence: 24
flesch: 31
cache: cache/cord-312528-erl8jftp.txt
txt: txt/cord-312528-erl8jftp.txt
summary:
  Ecol Process DOI: 10.1186/s13717-020-00231-y sha: doc_id: 312528 cord_uid: erl8jftp Surface water improvements associated with the COVID-19 economic slowdown illustrate environmental resiliency and societal control over urban water quality. The current challenge, though, is that economic sectors and industries that contribute to pollution (e.g., energy, consumer, pharmaceutical, and other industries) receive little incentive to promote urban water quality beyond what the law requires.


id: cord-017003-3farxcc3
author: Koibuchi, Yukio
title: Numerical Simulation of Urban Coastal Zones
date: 2010
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7578
sentence: 409
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-017003-3farxcc3.txt
txt: txt/cord-017003-3farxcc3.txt
summary:
  River water runs through the urban area and runs off from the river mouth, spreading over the sea surface like a veil since river water has low density compared with saline sea water. We modeled Escherichia coliform (E. coli) by using experimental data in coastal sea water.


id: cord-336378-7f2fizfr
author: Valentini, Luca
date: 2020-07-18
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4957
sentence: 185
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-336378-7f2fizfr.txt
txt: txt/cord-336378-7f2fizfr.txt
title:
  Engineering Graphene Oxide/Water Interface from First Principles to Experiments for Electrostatic Protective Composites

summary:
  So, a first step will be to verify the confinement and electrical response of GO layers deposited on a polymeric surface when in contact with water droplets and then validate the models and results once the GO is integrated within a polymeric fiber to also study its mechanical strength for their exploitation in fabrics. The combination of GO sharp edged structure and surface charge when dispersed into nonionic polymers was found to be efficient in antiviral activity [10] ; thus, aerosols consisting of water droplets with a dimension in the range from 100 nm to 1 µm that cannot be stopped mechanically by the pores of filter fibers could be removed, for example, by the electrostatic interaction with GO based polymer fibers, making the face masks more efficient [11] .


id: cord-102315-ncjdsbn4
author: Nazeeri, A. I.
date: 2020-04-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5765
sentence: 240
flesch: 50
cache: cache/cord-102315-ncjdsbn4.txt
txt: txt/cord-102315-ncjdsbn4.txt
title:
  An Efficient Ethanol-Vacuum Method for the Decontamination and Restoration of Polypropylene Microfiber Medical Masks & Respirators

summary:
  https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.12.20059709 doi: medRxiv preprint mask efficiency, and discuss our proposed adsorption mechanism of action and two experimental tests of it. This is unfortunate because studies have shown that the leakage around the mask, not through the medium, is the main determinant of total mask efficiency 18 .


id: cord-025995-nxeg03xj
author: Gerba, Charles P.
title: Pathogen Removal from Wastewater during Groundwater Recharge
date: 2013-11-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10535
sentence: 478
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-025995-nxeg03xj.txt
txt: txt/cord-025995-nxeg03xj.txt
summary:
  Soils differ considerably in their textural, chemical, and mineralogical prop erties and hundreds of soil types have been classified in this country Additional studies are needed on the relative re moval of bacteria and viruses by soil types.


id: cord-287778-ewowkq8o
author: Ollivett, T.L.
title: Salt Poisoning as a Cause of Morbidity and Mortality in Neonatal Dairy Calves
date: 2013-04-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2212
sentence: 96
flesch: 45
cache: cache/cord-287778-ewowkq8o.txt
txt: txt/cord-287778-ewowkq8o.txt
summary:
  Milk replacer sodium concentrations were determined by a VITROS â 5,1 FS Chemistry System b after the milk replacer solution was agitated, centrifuged, and an aliquot of the supernatant obtained for analysis. Extremely high salinity well water (farm water, 7,100 ppm; safe level, <1,000 ppm 8 ) used to mix the milk replacer on the farm resulted in extremely high milk replacer sodium concentrations, compared with considerably lower milk replacer sodium concentrations in milk replacer mixed according to farm protocol but by university water (Table 1) .


id: cord-022947-ruizhgwh
author: Elliot, Elisa L
title: Indicator organisms for estuarine and marine waters
date: 2006-03-27
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 10569
sentence: 459
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-022947-ruizhgwh.txt
txt: txt/cord-022947-ruizhgwh.txt
summary:
  [50, 147] , in sea water, is a vexing problem, especially for those responsible for regulating the use of sewage-contamined sites, including fresh, estuarine, and marine water and sediment, and shellfish harvested from these waters. [50, 51] also differentiates fecal indicators from water quality indicators.


id: cord-022141-yxttl3gh
author: Siegel, Frederic R.
title: Progressive Adaptation: The Key to Sustaining a Growing Global Population
date: 2014-08-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11118
sentence: 453
flesch: 51
cache: cache/cord-022141-yxttl3gh.txt
txt: txt/cord-022141-yxttl3gh.txt
summary:
  Initially, and for many years thereafter, the added greenhouse gases were taken up by vegetation for photosynthesis and was also absorbed by the oceans and other water bodies. For smaller waterways that flow through cities, municipalities may invest in deepening, widening, and straightening channels as well as erecting walls so that more water can flow through the area more rapidly without coming out of a channel.


id: cord-333269-nntcac2k
author: Retzlaff, Kimberly J.
title: Water Utility Communications Can Build Trust During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
date: 2020-08-04
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2973
sentence: 130
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-333269-nntcac2k.txt
txt: txt/cord-333269-nntcac2k.txt
summary:
  Following a communications plan and using a spokesperson, water utilities should focus on simple messages that use basic terminology. The COVID-19 crisis provides an opportunity to raise public awareness of the critical service that water utilities provide every day.


id: cord-018166-savdgy0u
author: Bosch, Albert
title: Survival and Transport of Enteric Viruses in the Environment
date: 2006
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11477
sentence: 312
flesch: 22
cache: cache/cord-018166-savdgy0u.txt
txt: txt/cord-018166-savdgy0u.txt
summary:
  The survival of some airborne animal viruses in relation to relative humidity Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a Norwalk virus surrogate Effect of temperature, relative humidity and medium on the aerosol stability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus The epidemiology of paralytic poliomyelitis in Hawaii USEPA Manual Methods for Virology Effect of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on ambient air densities of aerosols containing bacteria and viruses Concentration of viruses from large volumes of tap water using pleated membrane filters Comparison between adsortion of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs Viruses and the Gut Epidemiological research on the relationship between microbial quality of coastal seawater and rotavirus induced gastroenteritis among bathers on the Mediterranean Israeli beaches Survival of bacterial indicator organisms and enteric viruses in the Mediterranean coastal waters of Tel-Aviv Viral antibodies in agricultural populations exposed to aerosols from wastewater irrigation during a viral disease outbreak Effect of the fat content of ground beef on the heat inactivation of poliovirus Viral pollution of seawater at Barcelona Adenovirus type 3 epidemic associated with intermittent chlorination of a swimming pool Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian Ocean environment: evidence for virus inactivating microorganisms Adsorption-elution with negatively and positively-charged glass powder for the concentration of hepatitis A virus from water Genotyping of rotaviruses isolated from sewage Presence of viral genomes in mineral water: a sufficient condition to assume infectious risk? Effect of particulates on virus survival in seawater Methods in Environmental Virology Development of a quantitative method for detecting enteroviruses in estuarine sediments Quantitative assessment of the adsorptive behavior of viruses to soils Three-step isolation method for sensitive detection of enterovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, and small round structured viruses in water samples Epidemic of gastroenteritis caused by oysters contaminated with small round structured viruses Natural inactivation of enteric viruses in seawater Isolation of marine bacteria with antiviral properties An epidemic of cockles associated hepatitis A in Singapore Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus, and selected bacteriophages to soils Viradel method for detection of rotavirus from seawater Human enteroviruses in oysters and their overlaying waters Detection of adenovirus types 40 and 41 by means of the PLC/PRF/5 human liver cell line Investigations of the inactivation of infectious swine paralysis virus in scalded sausages Survival of hepatitis A virus (HAV), poliovirus and F-specific coliphages in disposable and landfill leachates The role of environmental contamination with small round structured viruses in a hospital outbreak investigated by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay Molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in Characterization of a marine bacterium associated with virus inactivating capacity An epidemic of hepatitis A attributable to the ingestion of raw clams in Shanghai An epidemic of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in a nursing home for the elderly Airborne microorganisms: survival tests with four viruses Seasonal occurrence of rotavirus in sewage Virus survival as a seasonal factor in influenza and poliomyelitis Transmission of rhinovirus colds by self-inoculation Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish A community waterborne gastroenteritis outbreak: evidence for rotavirus as the agent Heterogeneity and seroprevalence of a newly identified avian hepatitis E virus from chickens in the United States Study of persistence of enteric viruses in land filled disposable diapers Recherche des virus dans le milieu marin à partir d'échantillons de volumes différents An outbreak of calicivirus associated gastroenteritis in an elderly persons home: a possible zoonosis? Waterborne outbreak of rotavirus diarrhoea in adults in China caused by a novel rotavirus Influence of aerobic microorganisms upon virus survival in soil Development of quantitative methods for the detection of enteroviruses in sewage sludges during activation and following land disposal Effects of environmental variables and soil characteristics on virus survival in soil Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E Comparison of the airborne survival of calf rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (Sabin) aerosolized as a mixture Characterization of a novel human calicivirus that may be a naturally occurring recombinant Occurrence of bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides fragilis and other viruses in polluted marine sediments Gastroenteritis due to Norwalk virus: an outbreak associated with a municipal water system Processes controlling virus inactivation in coastal waters Survival of viruses Organic flocculation: an efficient second-step concentration method for the detection of viruses in tap water Detection of enteroviruses in treated drinking water Survival and detection of rotaviruses on environmental surfaces in day care centers Study of an epidemic of non A, non B hepatitis-possibility of another human hepatitis virus distinct from post-transfusion non A, non B type Detection of both hepatitis A virus and Norwalk-like virus in imported clams associated with food-borne illness Unsaturated free fatty acids inactivate animal enveloped viruses Survival of enteric viruses on fresh vegetables Virus inactivation by grapes and wines Antiviral effect of commercial juices and beverages Norwalk virus enteric illness acquired by swimming exposure Detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses in waters by reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction and hybridization Survival of enteroviruses on vegetables irrigated with chlorinated oxidation pond effluents A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome Outbreak of viral gastroenteritis due to drinking water contaminated by Norwalk-like viruses Relationships between environmental factors, bacterial indicators and the occurrence of enteric viruses in estuarine sediments Accumulation of sediment-associated viruses in shellfish Persistence of virus on sewageirrigated vegetables Recherche des virus et des salmonelles dans la Loire par une méthode d'adsorption-élution sur filtres en microfibre de verre Enteric virus behavior in sand dunes Detection of hepatitis A virus, rotavirus, and enterovirus in naturally contaminated shellfish and sediment by reverse transcription-seminested PCR Detection and analysis of a SRSV strain in oysters implicated in an outbreak Type A viral hepatitis-new developments in an old disease An outbreak of an enterovirus-like illness at a community wading pool: implications for public health inspection programs Polyethylene glycol precipitation for recovery of pathogenic viruses, including hepatits A virus and human rotavirus, from oysters, water and sediment samples The Darwin outbreak of oyster associated viral gastroenteritis Waterborne disease outbreaks 1946-1980: a thirty-five-year perspective Stability of human enteroviruses in estuarine and marine waters Viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe Identification of viruses isolated from sewage, river water and coastal seawater in Barcelona Virus survival on inanimate surfaces Virucidal action of seawater Effect of relative humidity and air temperature on survival of hepatitis A virus on environmental surfaces Survival of hepatitis A virus on human hands and its transfer on contact with animate and inanimate surfaces Survival of coxsackie virus B3 under diverse environmental conditions Food-related illness and death in the United States Detection of rotavirus in sewage and creek water: efficiency of the concentration method A water-borne urban epidemics of hepatitis, in: Hepatitis Frontiers The ecology of enteroviruses in natural waters A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus Aerosol stability of three acute respiratory disease viruses Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks-United States Hepatitis A outbreak associated with green onions at a restaurant The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of bovine rotavirus in aerosol The effects of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of human rotavirus in feces Enteroviral disease in the United States, 1970-1979 Waterborne disease in the United States Widespread outbreaks of clam-and oyster-associated gastroenteritis: role of Norwalk virus Transmission of viruses by drinking water Cold weather seasonality of gastroenteritis associated with Norwalklike viruses An Australia-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis from oysters caused by Norwalk virus Infectious gastroenteritis in Norfolk Island and recovery of viruses from drinking water Molecular analysis of poliovirus 3 isolated from an aerosol generated by a waste water treatment plant Pretreatment to avoid positive RT-PCR results with inactivated viruses Inactivation of poliovirus and coxsackie viruses in surface water Viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in German children: prevalence and molecular diversity Epidemic hepatitis A from cockles Hospitalizations associated with rotavirus diarrhea in the United States, 1993 through 1995: surveillance based on the new ICD-9-CM rotavirus-specific diagnostic code Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint-Lawrence river (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water Occurrence and isolation of airborne human enteroviruses from waste disposal and utilization plants Use of the colonic carcinoma cell line CaCo-2 for in vivo amplification and detection of enteric viruses Detection of fastidious infectious enteric viruses in water Astrovirus detection in wastewater samples Waterborne non-A, non-B hepatitis Environmental virology Isolation of enteroviruses from water, suspended solids and sediments from Galveston bay; survival of poliovirus and rotavirus adsorbed to sediments Development of a method for concentration of rotavirus and its application to recovery of rotaviruses from estuarine waters Long term survival of human rotavirus in raw and treated river water Persistence of human rhinovirus infectivity under diverse environmental conditions Filtration of recombinant Norwalk Virus particles and bacteriophage MS2 in quartz sand: importance of electrostatic interactions Frozen raspberries and hepatitis A Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular biology and emerging epidemiology Detection of infectious enteroviruses by an integrated cell culture-PCR procedure ICC/PCR detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis A virus in environmental samples Outbreaks of shellfish-associated enteric illness in the United-States: requisite for development of viral guidelines Outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis among premature infants Reovirus-like agent as a cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in infants Survival of human enteric viruses in the environment and food Effect of acid pH, salt and temperature on the infectivity and physical integrity of enteroviruses Genome variability and capsid structural constraints of hepatitis A virus Enteric pathogens and soil: a short review A new and simple method for recuperation of enterovirus from water Effect of relative humidity on the airborne survival of rotavirus SA11 Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission Survival of human rhinovirus type 14 dried onto nonporous inanimate surfaces: effect of relative humidity and suspending medium Spread of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to enterovirus 70: effect of air temperature and relative humidity on virus survival on fomites Distribution of enteroviruses in sediments contiguous with a deep marine sewage outfall Concentration des enterovirus dans les eaux par adsorption sur poudre de verre: proposition d'un apareillage simplifié. As previously mentioned, the most relevant factors affecting virus survival in the water environment are temperature (Akin et al., 1971; Raphael et al., 1985; Bosch et al., 1993) , virus association with solids (Gerba and Schaiberger, 1975; La Belle et al., 1980; Rao et al., 1984; Sobsey et al., 1988) , exposure to UV (Bitton et al., 1979; Bitton, 1980) , and the presence of microbial flora (Gunderson et al., 1968; Fujioka et al., 1980; Toranzo et al., 1983; Ward et al., 1986; Gironés et al., 1989 Gironés et al., , 1990 .


id: cord-338285-7rrq3o7n
author: Sivakumar, Bellie
title: COVID-19 and water
date: 2020-07-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2178
sentence: 82
flesch: 49
cache: cache/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt
txt: txt/cord-338285-7rrq3o7n.txt
summary:
  In addition to the increase in the demands for water quantity it imposes, COVID-19 also presents challenges from the perspective of water quality. Assuming that this trend will continue, at least for the foreseeable future, the additional quantity and poorer quality of wastewater will have serious effects on water quality in nearby water bodies, including rivers and lakes.


id: cord-287711-gw8mgg4m
author: Junter, Guy-Alain
title: Cellulose-based virus-retentive filters: a review
date: 2017-06-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11727
sentence: 328
flesch: 24
cache: cache/cord-287711-gw8mgg4m.txt
txt: txt/cord-287711-gw8mgg4m.txt
summary:
  Micro filters with 0.1-0.2 lm pore size (Koenderman et al. 2012; Terpstra et al. 2007; , but also 75N (Dichtelmüller et al. 2012 ) and 35N (Chtourou et al. 2007) . Both 20N (Caballero et al. 2014; Furuya et al. 2006; Gröner 2014) and 15N (Caballero et al. 2014; Roberts et al. 2010; Terpstra et al. 2007; Planova filters and their combination (Gröner et al. 2012; Koenderman et al. 2012 ) showed effective virus removal over a wide range of viral particle sizes (Table 1) .


id: cord-301181-s3cb1sq7
author: Ndukwu, M. C.
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6307
sentence: 269
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-301181-s3cb1sq7.txt
txt: txt/cord-301181-s3cb1sq7.txt
title:
  Nanomaterials application in greenhouse structures, crop processing machinery, packaging materials and agro-biomass conversion

summary:
  Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy 2D-nanomaterials for controlling friction and wear at interfaces Metal oxide nanomaterials in nanomedicine: applications in photodynamic therapy and potential toxicity Association of zinc ion release and oxidative stress induced by intratracheal instillation of ZnO nanoparticles to rat lung Cell membrane damage and protein interaction induced by copper containing nanoparticlesimportance of the metal release process Molecular toxicity mechanism of nanosilver Prospects of using nanotechnology for food preservation, safety, and security United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization A review on polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites Nanosilver toxicity: ions, nanoparticles -or both? Nanocomposites for food packaging applications Influence of clayconcentration on the gas barrier of clay-polymer nanobrick wall thin film assemblies Development of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor for grain quality monitoring Detection and distribution of food-borne bacteria in ready-to-eat foods in Korea A brief review of the occurrence, use, and safety of food-related nanomaterials Potential Materials for Food Packaging from Nanoclay/Natural fibres filled Advances and challenges for the use of engineered nanoparticles in food contact materials Review of Mechanical Properties, Migration, and Potential Applications in Active Food Packaging Systems Containing Nanoclays and Nanosilver Study of physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites for food packaging application: nanoclay modified with iron nanoparticles Nanotechnology: a new frontier in food science Physical, chemical and microbiological changes in stored green asparagus spears as affected by coating of silver nanoparticles-PVP Development and characterization of silver-based antimicrobial ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) films for food-packaging applications Evaluation of silver-infused polylactide films for inactivation of Salmonella and feline calicivirus in vitro and on fresh-cut vegetables Zinc oxide nanoparticles loaded active packaging, a challenge study against Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in readyto-eat poultry meat Effects of a combination of antimicrobial silver low density polyethylene nanocomposite films and modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life of chicken breast fillets. key: cord-301181-s3cb1sq7 authors: Ndukwu, M. C.; Ikechukwu-Edeh, C. E.; Nwakuba, N. R; Okosa, I.; Horsefall, I. T.; Orji, F. N. title: Nanomaterials application in greenhouse structures, crop processing machinery, packaging materials and agro-biomass conversion date: 2020-08-10 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.mset.2020.07.006 sha: doc_id: 301181 cord_uid: s3cb1sq7


id: cord-330813-43l9m0yh
author: Ishihara, Masayuki
date: 2020-10-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5171
sentence: 175
flesch: 46
cache: cache/cord-330813-43l9m0yh.txt
txt: txt/cord-330813-43l9m0yh.txt
title:
  Safety of Concentrated Bioshell Calcium Oxide Water Application for Surface and Skin Disinfections against Pathogenic Microbes

summary:
  BiSCaO Water and 0.4 and 0.2 wt.% (final 0.2 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively) of BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, and colloidal dispersion were below the detection limit (< 10 CFU/mL), whereas 10-100 and 1000-10,000 CFU/mL of both TC and CF remained viable following treatment with 0.1 wt.% (final 0.05 wt.%) and 0.05 wt.% (final 0.025 wt.%) of BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, and colloidal dispersion, respectively ( Figure 6 ). BiSCaO Water and 0.4 and 0.2 wt.% (final 0.2 and 0.1 wt.%, respectively) of BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, and colloidal dispersion were below the detection limit (< 10 CFU/mL), whereas 10-100 and 1000-10,000 CFU/mL of both TC and CF remained viable following treatment with 0.1 wt.% (final 0.05 wt.%) and 0.05 wt.% (final 0.025 wt.%) of BiSCaO suspension, dispersion, and colloidal dispersion, respectively ( Figure 6 ).


id: cord-330779-mso2zfom
author: Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba
date: 2020-09-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4164
sentence: 133
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-330779-mso2zfom.txt
txt: txt/cord-330779-mso2zfom.txt
title:
  Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies?

summary:
  key: cord-330779-mso2zfom authors: Sunkari, Emmanuel Daanoba; Korboe, Harriet Mateko; Abu, Mahamuda; Kizildeniz, Tefide title: Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies? date: 2020-09-09 journal: Sci Total Environ DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142298 sha: doc_id: 330779 cord_uid: mso2zfom Governments across the globe are currently besieged with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study unearthed the likely sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems (mainly wastewater) in Africa through a holistic review of published works.


id: cord-312161-egwo19oc
author: Aw, Tiong Gim
title: Detection of pathogens in water: from phylochips to qPCR to pyrosequencing
date: 2011-12-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4554
sentence: 148
flesch: 22
cache: cache/cord-312161-egwo19oc.txt
txt: txt/cord-312161-egwo19oc.txt
summary:
  It is clear that the field of environmental pathogen detection is and will remain highly dynamic with tremendous potential for development of new tools and continuous improvement of existing concepts. High-density microarrays, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and pyrosequencing which are considered to be breakthrough technologies borne out of the ‘molecular revolution’ are at present emerging rapidly as tools of pathogen detection and discovery.


id: cord-323683-9h9mld6x
author: Butler, M.
title: Virus Removal by Disinfection of Effluents
date: 2013-11-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 6655
sentence: 230
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-323683-9h9mld6x.txt
txt: txt/cord-323683-9h9mld6x.txt
summary:
  It is well known that at least a hundred different types of enteric viruses (Table 1 ) may be found in human faeces (Melnick, Gerba and Wallis, 1978) , of which at least some could be expected to be in final effluents. It'is also possible that certain viruses excreted with the urine could also be present (Utz, 1974) but in general, it is likely that the frequency and pathogenic potential of enteric viruses will be influenced by geographic, seasonal,as well as socioeconomic factors.


id: cord-292031-weiwksh6
author: Ramírez-Castillo, Flor Yazmín
title: Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Challenges
date: 2015-05-21
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7362
sentence: 259
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-292031-weiwksh6.txt
txt: txt/cord-292031-weiwksh6.txt
summary:
  Even though culture dependent methods are extensively used for pathogens detection in water, these methods are limited by their low sensitivity and the excessive time needed to obtain reliable results. The Microbiology of the Water Distribution System A Report on an American Academy of Microbiology Colloquium Recommended advanced techniques for waterborne pathogen detection in developing countries Dei-Cas, E. Microbial agents associated with waterborne diseases Global Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water Contamination of water resources by pathogenic bacteria Millennium Development Goals: Progress towards the Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Waterborne outbreaks reported in the United States Causes of outbreaks associated with drinking water in the United States from A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: Comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water and other nonrecreational water-United States Epidemiology of cholera in the Philippines The 2010 cholera outbreak in Haiti: How science solved a controversy Lessons learned during public health response to cholera epidemic in Haiti and the Dominican Republic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4: A new challenge for microbiology Annual Epidemiological Report Food-and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses Self-reported diarrhea in a control group: A strong association with reporting of low-pressure events in tap water Global Drinking Water Management and Conservation Optimal Decision-Making Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks associated with drinking water--United States Emerging waterborne pathogens: Can we kill them all? Where do emerging pathogens come from?


id: cord-294005-gjrj1gvr
author: Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie, Michael
title: Citizen participation dilemmas in water governance: An empirical case of Kumasi, Ghana
date: 2020-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8596
sentence: 313
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-294005-gjrj1gvr.txt
txt: txt/cord-294005-gjrj1gvr.txt
summary:
  Our customers' interest in taking part in the survey has dwindled significantly and that GWCL has resorted to other mechanisms for engaging citizens in water governance [Manager at North B] It emerged from the study that 25% of the respondents prefer to participate in water governance issues through the telephone. key: cord-294005-gjrj1gvr authors: Odei Erdiaw-Kwasie, Michael; Abunyewah, Matthew; Edusei, Joseph; Buernor Alimo, Emmanuel title: Citizen participation dilemmas in water governance: An empirical case of Kumasi, Ghana date: 2020-12-31 journal: World Development Perspectives DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100242 sha: doc_id: 294005 cord_uid: gjrj1gvr Abstract Citizen participation in decision-making on water-related initiatives offers a valuable pathway to move towards a more equitable and sustainable water delivery, now and into the future.


id: cord-279798-b5tduubu
author: Sano, Daisuke
title: Risk management of viral infectious diseases in wastewater reclamation and reuse: Review
date: 2016-03-14
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7991
sentence: 243
flesch: 28
cache: cache/cord-279798-b5tduubu.txt
txt: txt/cord-279798-b5tduubu.txt
summary:
  A meta-analysis approach is useful for obtaining the averaged value of virus LR in each wastewater treatment unit; however, there are several academic issues that should be further addressed including 1) how to treat left-censored datasets in the calculation of virus removal efficiency, and 2) what indicators and methodologies are appropriate for validating virus removal and disinfection performance in the daily operation of wastewater reclamation systems. Since these determinant factors of virus removal efficiency in wastewater treatment units may be beneficial information for wastewater engineers, it is recommended that future publications with regards to virus LR include detailed operational conditions (HRT, time after membrane wash, etc.) of the wastewater treatment units.


id: cord-345347-wrgg8met
author: Campling, Paul
date: 2020-10-17
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8236
sentence: 282
flesch: 37
cache: cache/cord-345347-wrgg8met.txt
txt: txt/cord-345347-wrgg8met.txt
title:
  A multi-actor, participatory approach to identify policy and technical barriers to better farming practices that protect our drinking water sources

summary:
  On the other hand, environmental policy, including water policy, has been founded completely on the subsidiarity principle. The barrier that was most commonly pointed out (by 6 out of 7 participating Action Labs) was too complex organizational set up of institutions responsible for implementation and execution of water management policies.


id: cord-334369-xgw7o5gd
author: Innes, Elisabeth A.
title: A One Health Approach to Tackle Cryptosporidiosis
date: 2020-01-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7486
sentence: 278
flesch: 33
cache: cache/cord-334369-xgw7o5gd.txt
txt: txt/cord-334369-xgw7o5gd.txt
summary:
  Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium Cryptosporidium infection risk: results of a new dose-response modelling risk Epidemiology and clinical features of Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised patients Effect of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on the absorptive capacity and paracellular permeability of the small intestine in neonatal calves Shedding of oocysts by immunocompetent individuals with cryptosporidiosis Number of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts or Giardia spp cysts shed by dairy calves after natural infection Pubic health risks associated with food-borne parasites Evidence for structural role for acid fast lipids in oocyst walls of Cryptosporidium Global Cryptosporidium loads from livestock manure Cryptosporidium in humans and animalsa One Health approach to prophylaxis The evolution of respiratory cryptosporidiosis: evidence for transmission by inhalation Clinical aspects of human cryptosporidiosis Giardia and Cryptosporidium join the neglected diseases initiative Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study GEMS): a prospective, case control study Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED) Cryptosporidiosis in farmed animals The first recorded outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to Cryptosporidium cuniculus (formerly rabbit genotype), following a water quality incident Prevalence, species identification and genotyping Cryptosporidium from livestock and deer in a catchment in the Cairngorms with a history of a contaminated public water supply Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in animals inhabiting drinking water catchments in three states across Australia Prevalence, molecular identification and risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in edible marine fish: a survey across sea areas surrounding France Bovine cryptosporidiosis: impact, host-parasite interaction and control strategies Cryptosporidiosis and coccidiosis Goats-a pathway out of poverty Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium spp and Giardia duodenalis from yaks in the central western region of China Prevalence and risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp infection in young calves Cryptosporidium parvum: determination of ID50 and the dose-response relationship in experimentally challenged dairy calves Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis from petting farms Waterborne cryptosporidiosis outbreaks Assessing the impact of environmental exposures and Cryptosporidium infection in cattle on human incidence of cryptosporidiosis in Southwestern Ontario Effect of climate change on runoff of Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium from land to surface water Advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium and related species Human cryptosporidiosis in Europe Longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the UK (IID2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice Looking for Cryptosporidium: the application of advances in detection and diagnosis A multiplex PCR test to identify four common cattle-adapted Cryptosporidium species A whole water catchment approach to investigating the origin and distribution of Cryptosporidium species Cryptosporidium spp. Cryptosporidium oocysts are microscopic (most species are 4-6 μm in diameter) and have a tough waxy wall composed of lipids and glycoproteins, which enables the parasite to survive a wide range of conditions, including temperatures from -22°C to 60°C.


id: cord-354345-p4ld0tun
author: Bonadonna, Lucia
title: A Review and Update on Waterborne Viral Diseases Associated with Swimming Pools
date: 2019-01-09
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4796
sentence: 248
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-354345-p4ld0tun.txt
txt: txt/cord-354345-p4ld0tun.txt
summary:
  A community outbreak of echovirus infection associated with an outdoor swimming pool An outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to Echovirus 30 associated with attending school and swimming in pools Investigation into a school enterovirus outbreak using PCR detection and serotype identification based on the 5' non-coding region An outbreak of viral meningitis associated with a public swimming pond Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks associated with recreational water-United States Hollos, I. An outbreak of hepatitis A due to a thermal spa An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with swimming in a public pool An outbreak of hepatitis A associated with a spa pool An outbreak of Norwalk gastroenteritis associated with swimming in a pool and secondary person-to-person transmission Wading pool water contaminated with both noroviruses and astroviruses as the source of a gastroenteritis outbreak Outbreak of norovirus illness associated with a swimming pool Surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water use and other aquatic facility-associated health events-United States Enteric Viruses in Wading Pools Enteroviral Syndromes in Toronto Relationship of viruses and indicator bacteria in water and wastewater of Israel Occurrence of enteroviruses in community swimming pools Enterovirus contamination of swimming pool water; correlation with bacteriological indicators Analysis of enterovirus and adenovirus presence in swimming pools in Cyprus from First detection of papillomaviruses and polyomaviruses in swimming pool waters: Unrecognized recreational water-related pathogens? Detection of oncogenic viruses in water environments by a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents Author Contributions: L.B. and G.L.R. conceived and wrote the paper, and approved the submitted version. No acceptable microbial risk has thus far been established for swimming pool water.


id: cord-346595-96zg8q0b
author: Weng, Chih-Huang
title: Water pollution prevention and state of the art treatment technologies
date: 2020-07-20
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 1181
sentence: 33
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-346595-96zg8q0b.txt
txt: txt/cord-346595-96zg8q0b.txt
summary:
  Environ Sci Pollut Res Int DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09994-5 sha: doc_id: 346595 cord_uid: 96zg8q0b nan This special issue (SI) of Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) includes a collection of 18 peer-reviewed articles relating to water quality and toxicity risk assessments, ecosystem protection, groundwater contamination assessment, soil and sediment remediation technologies, water treatment technologies, climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, and control of carbon intensity that were formally presented at the 4th International Conference on Water Resources and Environment (WRE 2018) , the 5th International Conference on Water Resources and Environment (WRE 2019), and the 1st International Conference on Advances in Civil and Ecological Engineering Research (ACEER 2019). key: cord-346595-96zg8q0b authors: Weng, Chih-Huang title: Water pollution prevention and state of the art treatment technologies date: 2020-07-20 journal:


id: cord-350876-e7le4oh5
author: Hamada, Kazuhiro
date: 2005-12-12
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 2769
sentence: 116
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-350876-e7le4oh5.txt
txt: txt/cord-350876-e7le4oh5.txt
title:
  One-step nanomorphology control of self-organized projection coronas in uniform polymeric nanoparticles

summary:
  The reduced viscosity increased with increasing water composition showing that the PEG chain took an extended conformation because of increased solvent affinity when the water composition increased. The effects of water composition on particle morphology are shown in Figs. 2-4. Fig.


id: cord-312431-de7zhswl
author: Ganesh, Atheesha
title: Detecting Virus‐Like Particles from the Umgeni River, South Africa
date: 2013-08-30
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7133
sentence: 285
flesch: 42
cache: cache/cord-312431-de7zhswl.txt
txt: txt/cord-312431-de7zhswl.txt
summary:
  Phages share many properties with human viruses, particularly composition, morphology and structure Human viruses seen in negative stains fall into one of two major morphological categories: enveloped or naked [64] .


id: cord-017620-p65lijyu
author: Rodriguez-Proteau, Rosita
date: 2005-07-07
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 17246
sentence: 682
flesch: 39
cache: cache/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt
txt: txt/cord-017620-p65lijyu.txt
title:
  Toxicity Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Surface and Ground Water Contaminated by Recycled Hazardous Waste Materials

summary:
  Exposure assessment examines a wide range of exposure parameters pertaining to the environmental scenarios of people who may be exposed to the agent under study. During this phase of exposure assessment, the major pathways by which the previously identified populations may be exposed are identified.


id: cord-344208-5mbn6b9x
author: Harrington, Gregory W.
title: Effect of Filtration Conditions On Removal of Emerging waterborne pathogens
date: 2003-12-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5712
sentence: 281
flesch: 54
cache: cache/cord-344208-5mbn6b9x.txt
txt: txt/cord-344208-5mbn6b9x.txt
summary:
  The study showed the effects of filter run time, alternative loading rates, alternative filter media, and pH on pathogen removal. In general, filtration rate or alternative filter media configurations had no apparent effect on pathogen removal.


id: cord-346715-r6a5vxl0
author: Liu, Haizhou
date: 2020-08-10
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 4580
sentence: 165
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt
txt: txt/cord-346715-r6a5vxl0.txt
title:
  Hexavalent chromium in drinking water: Chemistry, challenges and future outlook on Sn(II)- and photocatalyst-based treatment

summary:
  The challenges to overcome for a full-scale application in drinking water treatment include operational complexity, high chemical dosage requirement and secondary waste generation. Despite the unresolved issues, these nanomaterial based Cr(VI) treatment technologies are promising next-generation technologies for Cr(VI) removal in drinking water treatment.


id: cord-319297-h6ulh3y7
author: Eliades, Theodore
date: 2020-07-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8187
sentence: 284
flesch: 27
cache: cache/cord-319297-h6ulh3y7.txt
txt: txt/cord-319297-h6ulh3y7.txt
title:
  Minimizing the aerosol-generating procedures in orthodontics in the era of a pandemic: Current evidence on the reduction of hazardous effects for the treatment team and patients

summary:
  The effectiveness of a preprocedural mouthrinse containing cetylpyridinium chloride in reducing bacteria in the dental office Effectiveness of a pre-procedural mouthwash in reducing bacteria in dental aerosols: randomized clinical trial I. Bacterial aerosols generated during dental procedures Size relationship between airborne viable bacteria and particles in a controlled indoor environment study Compare the effcacy of two commercially available mouthrinses in reducing viable bacterial count in dental aerosol produced during ultrasonic scaling when used as a preprocedural rinse Efficacy of 0.2% tempered chlorhexidine as a pre-procedural mouth rinse: a clinical study Antiplaque effect of tempered 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse: an in vivo study Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice National Health Commission PRC.


id: cord-329397-t951n4dv
author: Żaczek, Maciej
title: Phages as a Cohesive Prophylactic and Therapeutic Approach in Aquaculture Systems
date: 2020-09-01
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 8172
sentence: 375
flesch: 43
cache: cache/cord-329397-t951n4dv.txt
txt: txt/cord-329397-t951n4dv.txt
summary:
  key: cord-329397-t951n4dv authors: Żaczek, Maciej; Weber-Dąbrowska, Beata; Górski, Andrzej title: Phages as a Cohesive Prophylactic and Therapeutic Approach in Aquaculture Systems date: 2020-09-01 journal: Antibiotics (Basel) DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090564 sha: doc_id: 329397 cord_uid: t951n4dv Facing antibiotic resistance has provoked a continuously growing focus on phage therapy. Despite the vast abundance of phages on Earth, the aquatic environment has been considered their most natural habitat.


id: cord-301767-1jv20em8
author: Alegbeleye, Oluwadara Oluwaseun
date: 2018-02-03
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18362
sentence: 605
flesch: 30
cache: cache/cord-301767-1jv20em8.txt
txt: txt/cord-301767-1jv20em8.txt
title:
  Sources and contamination routes of microbial pathogens to fresh produce during field cultivation: A review

summary:
  The most commonly implicated etiological agents in fresh produce borne illnesses (Brackett, 1994; Buck et al., 2003; Heaton and Jones, 2008; Jung et al., 2014; Callej on et al., 2015) . In recent time, seeds have been recognized as a significant source of inoculum for foodborne illnesses associated with sprout consumption (Mahon et al., 1997; National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, 1999; Buck et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2013) .


id: cord-301991-n87le8ix
author: Saxena, Abhishek
title: Diatoms recovery from wastewater: Overview from an ecological and economic perspective
date: 2020-10-16
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 9973
sentence: 445
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-301991-n87le8ix.txt
txt: txt/cord-301991-n87le8ix.txt
summary:
  It is ideal to note the microhabitat of diatoms species [35] . Low dense cells, for example, microscopic organisms and others present in the supernatant, are emptied while diatoms species stay at the base as a pellet.


id: cord-355993-vyyboega
author: Mulvihill, Peter R.
title: Disaster incubation, cumulative impacts and the urban/ex-urban/rural dynamic
date: 2007-04-11
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 7824
sentence: 275
flesch: 36
cache: cache/cord-355993-vyyboega.txt
txt: txt/cord-355993-vyyboega.txt
summary:
  Let us now consider empirically how such latent biophysical and social processes have environmental impacts and how they can be analyzed using DIA by considering the following two cases involving rural ground water and water use within the context of Toronto and its ex-urban and rural regions. To illustrate and discuss this potential of disaster research we give context Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27 (2007) 343 -358 www.elsevier.com/locate/eiar and substance to our analysis by focusing on two case studies, the first involving water contamination/pollution problems in rural Ontario and the other focusing on the changing ecological and social landscapes of areas which surround the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).


id: cord-034138-uarxxalj
author: Oluwole, Adewumi Olufemi
date: 2020-10-22
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 16599
sentence: 502
flesch: 21
cache: cache/cord-034138-uarxxalj.txt
txt: txt/cord-034138-uarxxalj.txt
title:
  Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and wastewater: a review of treatment processes and use of photocatalyst immobilized on functionalized carbon in AOP degradation

summary:
  Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment, highlights the failure of the conventional methods in degrading pharmaceuticals and personal care products from the water matrices and why photocatalytic degradation processes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products via the use of various semiconductor photocatalyst immobilized either on other semiconductors, metal oxide or on different carbon sources such as activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxides has been able to degrade these organic pollutants to propose more alternative nanomaterial that is green, efficient, non-toxic, cheap and more effective with a short time for the photocatalytic degradation of different organic pollutants. Photocatalytic degradation involving tetracyclines reaches 97.3% in 60 min under visible light radiation through the use of Ag/AgCl/AC composites.


id: cord-292000-uytnpn2f
author: Abu Shmeis, Reham M.
title: Chapter One Water Chemistry and Microbiology
date: 2018-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 16406
sentence: 816
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-292000-uytnpn2f.txt
txt: txt/cord-292000-uytnpn2f.txt
summary:
  Seasonal variations in the quality of some surface waters could be large enough to make the use of such waters more problematic. This section will finally mark out the basics of water treatment processes.


id: cord-322120-wtu04r2j
author: Goddard, Frederick G. B.
date: 2020-08-19
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13384
sentence: 432
flesch: 20
cache: cache/cord-322120-wtu04r2j.txt
txt: txt/cord-322120-wtu04r2j.txt
title:
  Measuring Environmental Exposure to Enteric Pathogens in Low-Income Settings: Review and Recommendations of an Interdisciplinary Working Group

summary:
  Systematic reviews of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) evaluations, conducted to identify the health effects of interventions designed to reduce enteric pathogen exposure, have generally found improved WaSH to be protective against diarrhea, 24 soil-transmitted helminthiasis, 25 and malnutrition. With this as background, an interdisciplinary group of environmental health researchers convened at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia (U.S.A.) in September 2019 for a workshop aimed at identifying priorities for improved approaches to measuring enteric pathogen exposure.


id: cord-025998-1qawjquv
author: Lara, R.J.
title: Aquatic Ecosystems, Human Health, and Ecohydrology
date: 2012-03-23
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 27057
sentence: 993
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-025998-1qawjquv.txt
txt: txt/cord-025998-1qawjquv.txt
summary:
  Previously, the population in the basin generally lived away from the main watercourses because of the threat from water borne diseases. Main waterborne diseases, mostly affecting developing countries and relevant in terms of water management and changes in land use, such as malaria, schistosomiasis, or cholera, are discussed stressing links to the global water crisis.


id: cord-302848-a246wl7f
author: Lawler, J. J.
date: 2013-12-31
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 17438
sentence: 677
flesch: 35
cache: cache/cord-302848-a246wl7f.txt
txt: txt/cord-302848-a246wl7f.txt
title:
  4.25 Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies to Reduce Climate Vulnerabilities and Maintain Ecosystem Services

summary:
  Social impediments to adoption of climate change strategies include ideological outlooks, structural constraints, and cultural barriers. There are multiple opportunities for mitigating climate change impacts through modifications in agricultural practices and food consumption.


id: cord-340497-8l3gw6sk
author: Avgoustaki, Dafni Despoina
date: 2020-09-25
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 18680
sentence: 636
flesch: 40
cache: cache/cord-340497-8l3gw6sk.txt
txt: txt/cord-340497-8l3gw6sk.txt
title:
  How energy innovation in indoor vertical farming can improve food security, sustainability, and food safety?

summary:
  To summarize some of the basic improvements in resource savings provided by indoor vertical farms compared to the immediately following high technology cultivation system, the greenhouses are the following: • Indoor vertical farms save 100% of the pesticide use in their interior by maintaining the culture area clean and insect-free. Indoor vertical farms can produce high quality and virus-free products that can be locally distributed, inside the urban environment that such investments take place, saving annually millions of tons CO2 emissions.


id: cord-337218-risqto89
author: Chu, Ellen W.
title: Environmental Impact, Concept and Measurement of
date: 2013-02-05
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 16641
sentence: 654
flesch: 44
cache: cache/cord-337218-risqto89.txt
txt: txt/cord-337218-risqto89.txt
summary:
  Understanding, measuring, and managing human environmental impacts – the most important of which is the impoverishment of living systems – is the 21st century's greatest challenge. These perspectives miss a crucial point: the reason pollution, energy use, extinction, and dozens of other human impacts are important is their larger impact on the biosphere.


id: cord-022147-istz1iql
title: Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness
date: 2016-07-13
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 38236
sentence: 1644
flesch: 47
cache: cache/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt
txt: txt/cord-022147-istz1iql.txt
summary:
  Collecting clinical samples and water samples • Conducting an on-site investigation at the facility alleged to be responsible to determine the mode of contamination or process failure, e.g., low disinfectant level • Characterizing the etiologic agents by laboratory analysis using various typing schemes. Instruct the ill person to hold all clinical specimens and water samples until the health agency evaluates the epidemiological evidence and arranges, if necessary, to collect them.


id: cord-327865-xxov2x33
author: Cisneros, B.J.
title: Safe Sanitation in Low Economic Development Areas
date: 2011-01-24
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 30262
sentence: 1430
flesch: 48
cache: cache/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt
txt: txt/cord-327865-xxov2x33.txt
summary:
  Unfortunately, even when treated, municipal discharges introduce used water containing used compounds, some of which are pollutants, to water bodies. Recently, some researchers have suggested (Asano, 2009) to use the term 'dispersion' instead of 'disposal' in order to change the perception of getting rid of used water, but this term has to an extent the connotation of wanting to dilute a problem.


# url

id: cord-333269-nntcac2k
domain: www.awwa.org
url:
  www.awwa.org/awwa-articles/reduction-in-uswater-utility-revenue-may-result-in-327-billion-economic-hit


