The one is the common loyalty and devotion of all these classes to the same national State. In the other case, the party is the nation, so that outside the Party exist only traitors and citizens of doubtful loyalty. In this novel, he represents the life of people who have been metamorphosed and do everything to prove their loyalty to Trujillo, the dictator. This money was given to people to prove that Trujillo appreciates their loyalty. The only way to enhance power and preserve it is to purchase people’s loyalty by giving them money and gifts (Llosa 2001a, 147). Bourrageas’s paper the pro-Vichy Le Petit Marseillais, pointedly downplayed the incident as the spontaneous outpouring of loyalty by members of the Yugoslavian community of Marseilles (‘Des fleurs sur la plaque’ 1941: 1),27 but the international press saw it as a turning point in the public’s perception of the Vichy regime (‘Thousands in Marseilles’ 1941: 1).28 On 20 June 1941, the Pax Monument was finally inaugurated, almost seven years after the event it was designed to commemorate, when the Marseilles executive committee handed over responsibility for the site to the city authorities in a low-key ceremony held in the absence of any senior government official (‘La remise à la ville’ 1941: 2). Apart from bullying individuals, RCO’s Facebook group also served as a forum in which members publicly displayed their loyalty to the monarchy by means of, for example, photos of public performances of the royal anthem or joining public events in honor of the King or Queen. Iconic examples include the campaigns “Bike for Mom” and “Bike for Dad”, through which the heir to the throne, who meanwhile has become King himself, called on Thai citizens to join a biking tour around the city to express their loyalty and gratitude on the occasions of the Queen’s and the King’s birthdays. The most important ideological focus for this group is a growing nationalism that puts the nation, the monarchy, and religion at its center and demands unwavering loyalty. The ritual performance of indignation, followed by hate speech and the documentation of actions, under the guidance of a fatherly but uncompromising and rigorous leader, was increasingly combined with calls for and documentation of mass mobilization of members ‘performing’ their loyalty to the monarchy. Later, after the takeover of the military, groups like the RCO shifted their focus and helped to organize mass events where loyalty to the monarchy and the corporatist order of society is performed. This is why the Patriot Act and key speeches have sought to affirm the inclusion within the nation of its loyal MuslimArabic subjects against the need to exclude those who lack the required loyalty. This Program replicated and in some ways surpassed the practices for consolidating loyalty, national identity and political unity used by fascist and authoritarian regimes: lack of toleration of different political opinions in public life; police incursions into personal lives; the proscription of lawful associations; Star Chamber proceedings on the basis of anonymous testimony; persecution for political beliefs entailing no criminal conduct; and the enforcement 34 Mark Neocleous Studies in Social Justice, Volume 3, Issue 1, 21-36, 2009 Studies in Social Justice, Volume 3, Issue 1, 2009 of rigid political orthodoxy through the use of vague and sweeping standards of loyalty. “What do you think of female chastity?” Identity and loyalty in the national security state. Stories of the “star-crossed” Nazi usually feature (typically male) Nazis caught between love for an opposite-sex Ally or Jew, and their loyalty to German fascism and sexual deviance, and, consequently, abnormality.9 In Schindler’s List (Spielberg 1993), Ameon Goeth gains sexual gratification, at least implicitly, from his disturbingly nonchalant humiliation, torture, and murder of camp prisoners. And even in the chameleon cloak with which they have now enshrouded themselves, the American Communists still proclaim their loyalty to Marxism, the antithesis of American democracy. This pamphlet is written for the average American who believes in God, in an immortal soul, in a code of morality, and who still clings to the old, but not old-fashioned, virtues of religion, of honesty, of decency, and of loyalty and respect for authority. And even in the chameleon cloak with which they have now enshrouded themselves, the American Communists still proclaim their loyalty to Marxism, the antithesis of American democracy. Overall, officially sanctioned history textbooks tend to promote patriotism or loyalty to the nation or national community, even if doing so at times leads them to portray historical periods, events, and experiences in ways which create controversy. It depends to a great extent on the character of the wealthier citizen and the knowledge of and loyalty to the Catholic Attitude on the part of others who may be involved. To the non-Catholic It can but offer the credentials of nineteen centuries of history, the beauty of a supernatural doctrine once really known, the testimony of its million martyrs who gave up their most valuable possession on earth, to be numbered among the glorious dead rather than desert the loyalty which they knew was more precious than life itself. In a critical analysis of Foucault's portrayal of the military, Philip Smith has pointed out the fallacy of conceptualizing the military as a large uniform group of automated soldiers and, relying on contemporary research in psychiatry and cognitive science, has drawn attention to the importance of small group formations, emotions, and loyalty to troops as essential characteristics of the military experience. The only matter that would draw the attention of the German authorities would be if the German hierarchy and clergy interfered with loyalty to Hitler or condemned any of his acts except his cavalier treatment of the Church, which amused or delighted four-fifths of the nation. 13 originally as a proof that the Church is not so anti-democratie as its critics allege, but the clergy soon found that the laity could undertake tasks for the Church which they themselves cannot undertake without suspicion, and that same sort of militant wo’*k greatly promoted their loyalty. The social relationship is that of the lord/ruler surrounded by his comitatus warriors whereby loyalty and fealty are rewarded with gifts from the lord/ruler to his followers. That is, that the Radical Deputies of [ 98]WY “THE ENEMIES OF FASCISM the Aventine might find the oaths and loyalty and the tradition of democracy and liberty still preserved there, a rallying point and a roof for their plans against the Government. Scharpp announced that the group had been very carefully chosen because of their known loyalty to Nazi Germany and because of their desire to promote friendship for Germany in Latin American countries and to cooperate with the Japanese, who had their own organization functioning efficiently in Central and South America. It has often been said, but it must constantly be repeated, that the Führer principle has nothing in common with arbitrary bureaucracy and represents no system of brutal force, but that it can only be maintained by mutual loyalty which must find its expression in a free relation. The Führer-order depends upon the responsibility of the following, just as it counts on the responsibility and loyalty of the Führer to his mission and to his following ... The authority of the Führer is complete and all-embracing; it unites in itself all the means of political direction; it extends into all fields of national life; it embraces the entire people, which is bound to the Führer in loyalty and obedience. We have in our movement developed this loyalty in following the leader, this blind obedience of which all the others know nothing and which gave to us the power to surmount everything. Pledges and Symbols of Allegiance_ Party members take an oath of loyalty to the Führer in the following terms: "I pledge allegiance to my Führer, Adolf Hitler. The basis of national honor is loyalty.