A vindication of the Church of Scotland being an answer to a paper, intituled, Some questions concerning Episcopal and Presbyterial government in Scotland : wherein the latter is vindicated from the arguments and calumnies of that author, and the former is made appear to be a stranger in that nation/ by a minister of the Church of Scotland, as it is now established by law.
Rule, Gilbert, 1629?-1701.
1691
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A vindication of the Church of Scotland being an answer to a paper, intituled, Some questions concerning Episcopal and Presbyterial government in Scotland : wherein the latter is vindicated from the arguments and calumnies of that author, and the former is made appear to be a stranger in that nation/ by a minister of the Church of Scotland, as it is now established by law.
Rule, Gilbert, 1629?-1701.
[4], 36, [1] p.
Printed for Tho. Salusbury ...,
London :
1691.
Written by Gilbert Rule. Cf. Halkett & Laing (2nd ed.)
Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
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Cunningham, Alexander. -- Some questions resolved concerning Episcopal and Presbyterian government in Scotland.
Church of Scotland -- Apologetic works.
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A
VINDICATION
OF
THE
Church
of
Scotland
.
BEING
AN
ANSWER
To
a
PAPER
,
Intituled
,
Some
Questions
concerning
Episcopal
and
Presbyterial
Government
in
SCOTLAND
.
WHEREIN
The
Latter
is
Vindicated
from
the
Arguments
and
Calumnies
of
that
Author
;
and
the
former
is
made
appear
to
be
a
Stranger
in
that
NATION
.
By
a
Minister
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
as
it
is
now
Established
by
Law.
LONDON
,
Printed
for
Tho.
Salusbury
at
the
Sign
of
the
Temple
near
Temple-Bar
in
Fleetstreet
.
1691.
THE
PREFACE
.
THat
which
is
determined
concerning
all
them
that
will
live
Godly
in
Christ
Jesus
,
that
they
must
suffer
Persecution
,
is
(
and
hath
long
been
)
the
Lot
of
the
Presbyterian
Church
of
Scotland
;
and
a
Generation
of
Men
have
thus
exercised
her
for
many
Years
by
Severities
hardly
parallell'd
among
Protestants
:
And
now
when
their
Hands
are
tyed
,
that
they
can
no
more
thus
afflict
her
,
their
Tongues
and
Pens
are
let
loose
to
tear
her
without
mercy
,
by
the
most
virulent
Invectives
,
and
the
most
horrid
Lies
and
Calumnies
that
their
Wit
can
invent
;
there
are
more
ways
than
one
by
which
the
Serpent
casteth
out
of
his
mouth
waters
as
a
Flood
,
that
the
Woman
may
be
carried
away
of
it
.
We
hoped
in
the
little
reviving
that
the
Lord
hath
given
us
from
our
Bondage
,
to
have
had
no
diversion
from
feeding
the
Flocks
over
which
the
Holy
Ghost
hath
made
us
Overseers
:
But
our
Adversaries
will
force
us
unto
a
less
pleasing
Work
,
which
is
yet
also
necessary
for
the
continuence
of
the
Truth
and
Purity
of
the
Gospel
with
the
People
of
God.
They
are
the
Assailants
,
and
we
must
act
the
part
of
Defendants
,
without
which
necessity
I
should
not
have
troubled
the
Reader
with
the
following
Sheets
.
It
was
judged
necessary
,
not
by
me
only
,
but
by
them
whose
Opinion
and
Authority
I
do
justly
reverence
;
in
obedience
to
which
,
it
was
written
five
or
six
Months
agoe
,
but
was
by
several
Accidents
hitherto
kept
from
coming
forth
to
the
Light.
We
are
for
Peace
(
even
with
them
who
have
not
only
differed
from
us
,
but
dealt
hardly
with
us
;
and
are
willing
to
receive
such
of
them
as
are
qualified
to
be
Ministers
of
the
Gospel
)
but
when
we
speak
(
yea
,
tho'
we
are
silent
,
and
neither
speak
nor
act
against
any
of
them
but
such
as
the
Gospel
declares
to
be
unsavoury
Salt
)
they
are
for
War
;
and
labour
to
make
us
odious
to
Mankind
,
but
especially
to
our
Rulers
.
Beside
this
Pamphlet
,
several
other
Prints
have
been
emitted
by
these
Men
,
containing
partly
Historical
passages
full
of
Lies
and
Reproaches
,
and
partly
false
and
spightful
representations
of
our
Principles
and
way
:
To
which
an
Answer
,
such
as
they
need
or
deserve
,
shall
e're
long
be
given
,
if
the
Lord
permit
.
That
this
hath
not
sooner
been
done
,
hath
been
in
a
great
measure
caused
by
the
multitude
of
matters
of
Fact
narrated
in
them
,
said
to
be
done
in
divers
places
of
the
Nation
,
far
remote
one
from
another
,
to
all
which
it
was
necessary
to
send
for
getting
a
true
Account
of
these
things
,
and
there
being
but
one
Copy
of
each
of
these
Books
that
we
could
find
in
all
Scotland
,
the
several
passages
for
the
divers
parts
of
the
Country
behoved
to
be
transcribed
and
dispersed
,
before
Information
about
them
could
be
bad
,
which
could
not
shun
to
require
a
long
time
;
and
when
these
Informations
were
obtained
,
some
other
things
fell
in
,
which
did
yet
longer
retard
the
Answer
,
which
is
now
intended
to
be
hastened
as
soon
as
may
be
.
In
this
matter
our
Adversaries
have
used
a
piece
of
Cunning
,
which
is
,
that
these
Books
were
spread
in
England
only
,
where
the
things
contained
in
them
could
not
be
known
nor
examined
:
But
in
Scotland
(
where
most
Readers
could
have
discovered
the
falshood
of
their
Allegations
)
there
never
was
one
of
them
to
be
found
in
a
Book
seller's
Shop
:
But
veritas
non
quaerit
Angulos
.
I
shall
not
anticipate
what
is
to
be
said
in
answer
to
the
Books
mentioned
,
as
also
to
a
Letter
of
the
same
strain
,
very
lately
come
from
the
Press
;
only
it
may
be
thought
strange
,
that
the
Men
with
whom
we
have
to
do
,
should
make
such
Tragical
Outcries
about
their
Sufferings
,
when
it
may
be
made
appear
that
in
the
late
Times
,
when
Presbyterians
suffered
from
their
hand
,
any
one
of
many
who
may
be
instanced
,
suffered
more
Hardship
and
barbarous
Cruelty
,
than
all
of
them
have
endured
.
It
is
also
unaccountable
that
they
should
on
this
occasion
so
reproach
the
Church
as
they
do
,
while
very
few
(
not
above
a
dozen
,
if
I
mistake
not
)
have
suffered
by
the
Sentence
of
any
Church
Iudicatory
,
and
these
for
Scandals
that
no
man
will
have
the
brow
to
plead
for
:
And
if
two
or
three
of
them
have
been
censured
on
slender
grounds
,
as
is
alledged
;
not
only
our
Church
did
give
express
warning
to
Presbyteries
against
this
Practice
:
But
the
late
General
Assembly
hath
Committed
it
to
some
of
the
gravest
and
most
experienced
of
their
number
to
review
such
Processes
(
where
Appeal
or
Complaint
hath
been
made
)
and
to
relieve
them
who
are
injured
.
And
it
is
evident
to
all
who
know
our
practices
,
and
can
judge
of
them
without
partiality
,
that
the
Presbyterian
Church
in
Scotland
hath
at
this
juncture
used
all
due
means
to
make
her
Moderation
known
to
all
Men
,
believing
that
the
Lord
is
at
hand
,
who
will
judge
between
us
and
them
who
shew
such
spight
against
us
;
to
whose
Iudgment
,
and
to
the
Censure
of
unbyassed
Men
,
when
they
have
heard
both
Parties
,
and
understood
our
matters
,
we
refer
our
Cause
.
A
VINDICATION
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
;
Being
an
Answer
to
a
Paper
,
Intituled
,
Some
Questions
concerning
Episcopal
and
Presbyterial
Government
in
Scotland
;
wherein
the
latter
is
vindicated
from
the
Arguments
and
Calumnies
of
that
Author
;
and
the
former
is
made
appear
to
be
a
stranger
in
that
Nation
.
SO
apparently
weak
and
inconsequential
are
the
Reasonings
of
this
Pamphleter
,
that
nothing
could
make
it
reasonable
for
a
Man
who
hath
few
spare
hours
from
more
necessary
work
,
to
undertake
an
Answer
,
except
the
Advice
that
the
Wise
man
giveth
Prov.
26.
5.
for
we
find
it
to
be
the
Genius
of
some
of
his
Party
,
when
they
find
that
Scripture
and
Reason
cannot
,
and
Authority
will
not
,
support
their
tottering
Cause
,
to
betake
themselves
to
clamorous
lies
and
railing
,
and
charging
others
,
(
as
sometimes
Children
do
)
with
the
same
thing
in
which
themselves
are
most
culpable
;
as
in
a
late
Piece
,
intituled
,
An
Account
of
the
present
Perscutions
of
the
Church
in
Scotland
by
the
Presbyterians
.
And
to
write
(
with
or
without
reason
,
seemeth
to
be
much
the
same
with
them
)
something
that
may
prevail
with
their
easie
and
biassed
Disciples
;
for
some
men
are
more
ashamed
to
say
nothing
,
then
to
say
nothing
to
purpose
.
§
2.
He
beginneth
in
his
Title
page
with
some
Testimonies
of
King
James
VI.
against
the
Presbyterians
.
To
which
two
things
may
be
said
:
1.
That
King
James
,
in
an
after
Edition
of
his
Basilicon
Doron
,
did
declare
he
meant
none
but
such
as
Anabaptists
and
Familists
.
2.
We
set
in
opposition
to
this
Assertion
,
another
saying
of
the
same
Royal
Author
,
mentioned
a
little
below
.
§
3.
His
Preface
taketh
notice
of
two
opposite
Narratives
concerning
Episcopacy
;
the
one
to
the
Act
restoring
it
1662.
the
other
to
the
Act
by
which
it
was
abolished
1689.
whether
of
these
contain
most
Truth
and
Sincerity
,
is
not
to
be
judged
of
,
but
by
entring
on
the
Merits
of
the
Cause
;
and
his
Pamphlet
,
with
this
Answer
to
it
,
may
contribute
some
light
to
it
.
But
that
he
supposeth
Episcopacy
to
be
best
fitted
to
keep
out
Heresie
,
is
gratis
dictum
:
and
the
falshood
of
it
is
manifest
,
if
we
accompt
Popery
to
be
Heresie
;
the
Abominations
of
which
arose
,
and
grew
up
under
that
Government
of
the
Church
in
this
Nation
;
what
might
be
its
effects
in
other
Churches
,
we
do
not
now
consider
.
And
our
Experience
may
inform
us
what
steps
have
been
made
,
not
only
toward
the
Superstitions
,
but
even
the
Doctrines
of
Popery
under
its
Wings
,
since
its
restauration
.
And
how
Arminianism
hath
been
warmed
,
and
got
life
by
its
influence
in
Scotland
,
is
too
well
known
.
He
cannot
be
ignorant
of
what
K.
James
VI.
(
whose
Authority
in
matters
of
Truth
,
he
often
brings
as
an
Argument
)
used
to
say
of
Presbytery
,
as
managed
in
Scotland
,
That
no
Error
could
get
footing
there
while
Kirk-Sessions
,
Presbyteries
,
Synods
,
and
General
Assemblies
stood
in
their
force
.
What
evil
speaking
and
reviling
there
is
in
the
Brief
and
True
Account
of
the
Sufferings
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
occasioned
by
the
Episcopalians
since
the
Year
1660.
I
know
not
,
not
having
seen
that
Book
:
But
I
am
sure
his
Party
is
in
mala
fide
to
challenge
it
,
their
stile
being
such
to
the
Life
,
not
in
this
Pamphlet
only
,
but
especially
in
those
before
mentioned
.
§
4.
The
first
of
his
Questions
is
,
Whether
Presbytery
(
as
contrary
to
the
Episcopacy
restored
in
Scotland
1662.
)
was
settled
by
Law
,
when
the
Protestant
Religion
came
to
have
the
Legal
Establishment
in
that
Kingdom
?
Which
Question
may
be
two
ways
understood
,
and
neither
of
them
much
to
his
purpose
:
either
,
whether
the
Protestant
Religion
,
when
it
was
setled
by
Law
,
found
Presbytery
already
established
;
which
is
a
foolish
Question
;
for
who
ever
heard
of
Presbytery
under
regnant
Popery
;
we
deny
not
Episcopacy
to
be
as
old
as
Popery
:
or
,
whether
Protestanism
and
Presbytery
were
by
Law
established
at
the
same
instant
:
neither
is
this
Question
to
the
present
purpose
;
for
it
is
enough
to
shew
the
Opinion
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
(
as
soon
as
reformed
)
about
Church
Government
,
if
our
Adversaries
cannot
make
it
appear
that
she
chused
to
be
governed
by
Bishops
:
And
if
we
can
shew
that
Presbytery
was
the
Government
practised
in
her
from
the
beginning
of
the
Reformation
;
and
that
it
was
by
Law
established
,
as
soon
as
any
fixed
Government
could
be
settled
.
And
good
Reasons
may
be
given
why
it
was
not
done
at
the
very
first
.
First
,
The
Errors
and
Idolatry
of
that
way
were
so
gross
,
and
of
such
immediate
hazard
to
the
Souls
of
People
,
that
it
is
no
wonder
that
our
Reformers
minded
these
first
and
mainly
,
and
thought
it
a
great
step
to
get
these
removed
,
so
that
they
took
some
more
time
to
consult
about
the
reforming
of
the
Government
of
the
Church
.
Secondly
,
It
was
possible
at
first
,
when
the
Nation
was
scarcely
crept
out
of
Popery
,
to
get
a
competent
number
of
Ministers
and
Elders
,
who
might
manage
the
Government
of
the
Church
;
but
this
behoved
to
be
a
work
of
time
:
But
what
they
did
in
this
,
and
what
was
their
Sentiments
about
Church
Order
,
we
shall
after
have
occasion
to
discourse
.
§
5.
Toward
the
Resolution
of
his
first
Question
,
he
tells
us
,
in
several
particulars
,
wherein
all
the
dispute
is
,
that
is
intrinsick
to
the
Notion
of
a
Church
Government
;
which
his
Question
he
stateth
with
no
great
shew
of
understanding
in
these
Controversies
.
But
that
I
insist
not
on
,
that
which
is
here
chiefly
to
be
observed
is
,
that
he
overlooketh
that
which
is
the
chief
(
yea
the
only
)
Question
,
on
which
our
Controversie
with
the
Prelatists
doth
turn
;
viz.
Whether
the
Government
of
the
Church
should
be
in
the
hands
of
a
single
Person
,
or
of
a
Community
?
whether
the
Rulers
of
the
Church
ought
to
manage
that
Work
in
parity
,
or
one
should
manage
it
as
Supreme
,
and
the
rest
in
Subordination
to
him
.
The
distorted
notion
of
a
Moderator
in
Church
Meetings
that
he
hath
taken
up
,
seemeth
to
mislead
him
in
this
matter
;
for
we
will
not
yield
that
the
Moderator
,
qua
talis
,
is
a
Church
Governour
,
nor
that
he
hath
any
Jurisdiction
over
his
Brethren
;
his
power
is
meerly
ordinative
,
not
decisive
;
to
be
the
Mouth
of
the
Meeting
,
not
to
be
their
Will
or
commanding
Faculty
;
to
keep
order
in
the
manner
and
managing
what
cometh
before
them
;
not
to
determine
what
is
debated
among
them
.
The
Author
talketh
at
random
,
not
knowing
what
he
saith
,
nor
whereof
he
affirmeth
,
when
he
speaketh
of
our
election
of
a
Moderator
,
as
done
by
the
Clergy
(
as
he
speaketh
)
Lay-Elders
and
Deacons
:
For
where
was
it
ever
heard
of
that
Deacons
had
a
Vote
in
Presbyteries
or
Synods
,
among
Scotch
Presbyterians
;
we
count
them
(
though
they
are
Officers
of
Divine
appointment
,
yet
)
the
Servants
of
the
Church
,
not
her
Rulers
;
they
are
employed
about
her
Goods
,
not
in
the
Government
.
§
6.
He
asserteth
that
the
Protestant
Religion
was
by
Law
established
in
Anno
1567.
and
the
Constitution
of
Bishops
remained
as
the
Legal
establishment
,
and
that
Presbytery
was
not
legally
settled
till
1592.
His
proofs
for
this
,
and
Objections
that
he
obviateth
against
it
,
I
shall
consider
,
after
I
have
given
a
true
Historical
Accompt
of
the
being
and
establishment
of
Presbytery
in
this
Nation
.
Two
things
we
maintain
as
to
this
;
the
former
is
,
That
not
Episcopacy
,
but
a
Government
managed
by
the
Teachers
of
the
Church
acting
in
commune
,
and
in
parity
,
had
place
in
the
Church
of
Scotland
with
its
first
Christianity
,
and
some
Ages
after
.
The
other
is
,
That
not
Episcopacy
,
but
Presbytery
,
was
the
Government
of
the
Church
of
Scotland
as
soon
as
it
was
reformed
from
Popery
.
For
the
former
,
Though
we
assert
not
that
the
first
Christians
in
Scotland
had
Presbytery
in
all
the
Modes
of
it
,
as
we
have
;
neither
can
we
attain
the
distinct
Knowledge
of
the
Actings
of
these
Times
by
any
Records
that
are
left
us
;
yet
that
there
was
a
Parity
,
and
no
Prelacy
among
the
Church
Rulers
in
Scotland
:
For
all
agree
that
Donald
(
who
entered
upon
the
Government
in
the
Year
199.
)
was
the
first
Christian
King
in
Scotland
,
though
it
is
rationally
thought
,
by
the
best
Historians
,
that
Christianity
was
embraced
by
many
of
the
people
before
that
:
And
Baronius
affirmeth
,
That
the
Scots
received
the
Christian
Faith
from
Pope
Victor
;
(
had
he
said
in
his
time
,
we
should
have
assented
fully
,
but
what
he
saith
is
enough
to
our
purpose
)
who
was
Bishop
of
Rome
from
194.
to
203.
And
it
is
clear
from
Baronius
,
and
the
current
of
Historians
,
that
Palladius
was
the
first
Bishop
of
the
Scots
:
(
Spondan
:
exit
Annal.
Baron
.
ad
Annum
Christi
431.
p.
(
mihi
)
592.
hath
these
words
;
Sanctus
Prosper
missum
ait
Palladium
ordinatum
primum
Episcopum
ad
Scotos
.
)
He
was
sent
thither
by
Pope
Celestine
,
who
ascended
that
Chair
Anno
424.
So
that
the
Scotch
Christians
lived
without
Bishops
for
about
320
years
,
until
Popery
and
its
Appendices
did
overspread
the
World.
What
is
alledged
by
some
,
that
Palladius
was
sent
to
convert
the
Scots
,
is
contrary
to
Beda
,
who
tells
us
lib.
1.
cap.
13.
that
he
was
sent
ad
Scotos
in
Christum
credentes
.
And
what
others
alledge
,
that
he
was
sent
to
the
Irish
in
Ireland
,
who
then
were
called
Scots
,
is
without
ground
.
For
1.
Beda
Hist.
lib.
1.
c.
12.
sheweth
whom
he
meaneth
by
Scots
,
to
wit
,
those
that
were
separated
from
the
Britains
by
the
two
Seas
,
which
he
sheweth
to
be
Clyde
and
Forth
.
2.
Patrick
was
sent
to
them
at
the
same
time
;
viz.
Palladius
was
sent
to
Scotland
Anno
431.
and
Celestine
died
in
the
beginning
of
132.
who
yet
sent
Patrick
to
Ireland
;
and
there
is
sufficient
ground
for
this
from
Balaeus
(
cited
by
Sir
G.
Mekenzie
against
St.
Asaph
)
where
it
is
said
that
Palladius
was
sent
to
Scotland
;
that
Claruit
Anno
434.
and
therefore
could
not
dye
to
make
room
for
Patrick
in
Ireland
,
431.
and
that
he
died
at
Fordon
in
the
Mernes
in
Scotland
.
Also
Tertullian
,
who
lived
in
the
beginning
of
the
Third
Century
,
speaketh
of
the
Scots
as
then
Christians
;
&
Britannorum
Romanis
inaccessa
loca
Christo
vero
subdita
,
which
Baronius
applieth
to
the
Scots
;
and
to
no
other
in
that
Ifle
it
can
be
applied
.
Spanhem
.
Epit.
Isag.
ad
Hist.
N.
T.
Saecul
.
3.
Sect.
2.
distichon
hoc
dicit
esse
Vulgatum
.
Christi
transactis
tribus
Annis
atque
ducentis
Scotia
Catholicam
coepit
habere
fidem
.
Besides
this
,
it
is
clear
from
Beda
Hist.
lib.
3.
c.
25.
&
lib.
5.
c.
16.
&
22.
how
averse
the
Scots
were
from
the
practises
of
the
Romish
Church
in
the
Observation
of
Easter
and
the
Tonsure
.
And
that
Venerable
Author
taxeth
them
as
ignorant
of
the
Canons
;
and
that
they
knew
nothing
but
the
Writings
of
the
Apostles
:
Which
may
give
good
ground
to
think
,
that
it
was
long
before
that
Church-Domination
,
Prelacy
,
which
at
last
they
were
forced
to
submit
to
,
got
place
among
them
.
§
.
7.
That
Bishops
were
setled
in
Scotland
with
the
beginning
of
Christianity
,
Arch-Bishop
Spotswood
doth
boldly
assert
,
but
doth
not
bring
any
Vouchers
for
what
he
affirmeth
:
Neither
doth
he
name
any
one
of
these
Bishops
till
Amphibalus
,
who
(
he
saith
)
sat
first
Bishop
in
the
Isle
Iona
,
or
Icolmkill
:
But
this
was
long
after
Christianity
came
into
Scotland
;
to
wit
,
all
the
time
was
now
lapsed
that
the
Culdees
remained
in
the
Isle
of
Man
,
where
Crathelinth
(
little
less
than
a
hundred
Years
after
Donald
,
and
the
entrance
of
Christianity
)
built
a
Church
for
them
,
called
Fanum
Sodorense
;
so
that
they
were
at
least
above
a
Hundred
Years
without
a
Bishop
.
Again
,
Spotswood
is
alone
in
this
,
all
other
Historians
making
Palladius
the
first
Bishop
.
Neither
is
there
any
ground
to
think
that
Amphibalus
was
in
any
degree
of
Jurisdiction
above
other
Culdees
,
but
that
he
was
a
Famous
Man
,
and
the
first
of
them
that
is
expressed
by
Name
in
History
.
This
Author
telleth
also
of
other
Bishops
,
but
giveth
no
ground
to
believe
any
more
of
them
,
than
that
there
were
Men
so
named
,
who
were
Famous
among
the
Scotch
Christians
,
and
it
is
like
were
their
Preachers
.
We
conclude
then
that
the
Christian
Church
of
Scotland
was
governed
by
the
Culdees
,
who
are
sometimes
called
Priests
,
sometimes
Monks
,
sometimes
Bishops
.
Neither
is
there
any
ground
to
think
that
this
Name
was
appropriated
to
any
of
them
,
secluding
the
rest
,
till
Palladius
came
to
Scotland
;
far
less
that
any
of
them
had
Jurisdiction
over
the
rest
:
What
may
be
met
with
concerning
any
Famous
Man
that
was
Head
over
the
Society
at
Icolmkill
,
or
elsewhere
,
maketh
nothing
for
Episcopacy
,
for
he
was
there
the
Head
of
a
School
,
where
Students
were
bred
for
the
Ministry
;
but
that
he
had
Jurisdiction
over
the
Culdees
,
who
either
there
,
or
through
the
Country
,
preached
the
Gospel
to
the
People
,
hath
no
semblance
of
truth
.
Yea
,
we
further
assert
,
that
however
a
Prelacy
(
together
with
other
Romish
Innovations
)
was
brought
into
the
Scotch
Church
with
Palladius
;
yet
Episcopacy
,
as
our
Pamphleteer
pleadeth
for
it
,
and
as
it
was
lately
in
Scotland
,
was
not
known
in
this
Church
for
a
long
time
after
.
For
Constantine
the
Second
,
King
of
Scots
,
in
the
Ninth
Century
,
made
a
Law
against
Church-men's
medling
with
Secular
Business
;
so
that
they
could
not
sit
in
Parliament
:
And
it
was
Malcolme
Canmore
,
in
the
Eleventh
Century
,
who
,
as
he
brought
in
new
Titles
of
Honour
into
the
Civil
State
,
so
he
changed
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
,
and
brought
Episcopacy
to
its
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
§
.
8.
The
second
thing
that
we
above
have
asserted
,
is
,
That
when
the
Reformed
Religion
was
brought
into
Scotland
,
and
Popery
cast
out
of
it
,
this
Protestant
Church
was
not
setled
under
Episcopal
Government
,
but
under
Presbytery
,
and
did
so
continue
for
many
years
;
till
by
the
secret
practices
,
and
at
last
by
open
force
of
ambitious
men
,
the
Government
was
changed
,
to
the
great
disquiet
of
the
Nation
.
Although
the
knowledge
of
the
Truth
did
begin
privately
to
creep
into
Scotland
,
and
spread
among
the
People
more
early
,
even
in
the
Reign
of
K.
James
the
Fifth
,
and
made
greater
advances
under
his
Daughter
Queen
Mary
;
yet
the
first
publick
step
of
the
Reformation
that
is
found
in
History
,
was
in
1540.
when
,
in
a
Parliament
,
the
rigour
of
Acts
against
them
who
have
English
Bibles
,
was
taken
off
,
and
liberty
was
granted
to
read
the
Bible
in
their
Mother-Tongue
;
also
to
read
other
Treatises
:
this
was
1543.
After
this
,
for
divers
Years
,
many
of
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
Commons
,
owned
the
true
Religion
,
tho'
the
publick
Profession
was
still
Popish
:
Yea
,
by
many
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
a
Bond
was
solemnly
entred
into
,
for
the
defence
of
the
Truth
,
and
adherence
to
it
,
Anno
1557.
In
the
same
Year
the
Queen
granted
Liberty
for
Publick
Administration
of
the
Word
and
Sacraments
,
as
was
desired
by
a
Petition
of
the
Protestants
.
Anno
1559.
the
Protestant
Ministers
and
People
held
a
General
Assembly
at
St.
Johnstown
,
saith
Knox
,
Hist.
lib.
2.
137.
at
which
I.
Knox
was
present
.
All
this
while
there
was
no
Episcopal
Authority
owned
or
submitted
to
among
the
Protestants
;
however
Bishops
still
retained
their
places
in
the
Romish
Church
,
and
in
the
State.
In
the
Year
1560.
July
17.
in
a
Parliament
held
at
Edenburgh
,
the
Confession
of
Faith
,
containing
the
Heads
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
was
by
Law
established
;
August
24.
an
Act
past
against
saying
of
Mass.
The
same
Year
the
Pope's
Authority
in
Scotland
was
abolished
by
Act
of
Parliament
.
Anno
1561.
the
first
Book
of
Discipline
was
presented
to
the
Convention
of
Estates
,
but
delayed
and
not
approved
nor
condemned
at
that
time
;
yet
soon
after
it
was
approved
by
the
Authority
of
the
Council
,
and
in
it
Presbyterian
Government
approved
;
for
it
owneth
no
fixed
Officers
in
the
Church
,
but
Pastors
,
Teachers
,
Elders
,
and
Deacons
,
(
what
is
to
be
thought
of
the
Superintendents
therein
mentioned
,
is
after
to
be
considered
)
this
Discipline
,
and
the
Book
containing
it
,
was
subscribed
to
in
January
1561.
(
1560.
stilo
vetere
)
by
a
great
part
of
the
Nobility
.
December
1560.
a
General
Assembly
was
held
,
where
sat
no
Church-men
but
Ministers
.
Another
General
Assembly
was
held
Decemb.
25.
1562.
where
Bishops
are
so
far
from
Church-Domination
,
that
they
and
other
Ministers
,
who
had
not
entred
by
the
Order
in
the
Book
of
Discipline
,
are
inhibited
till
further
Tryal
.
1563.
A
General
Assembly
at
Perth
about
the
end
of
June
,
gave
the
same
Power
,
or
Commission
,
for
planting
Kirks
,
suspending
,
depriving
,
transplanting
Ministers
,
&c.
to
some
Ministers
,
that
had
been
given
to
Superintendents
:
And
it
is
noticed
by
the
Historian
,
that
Presbyteries
were
not
yet
constituted
because
of
the
scarcity
of
Ministers
.
What
is
there
in
all
this
that
looketh
like
Episcopal
Government
?
Another
General
Assembly
met
June
1565.
also
Decemb.
25.
of
the
same
Year
;
where
the
Power
of
Superintendents
was
a
little
clipt
;
also
about
the
end
of
June
1567.
At
a
Parliament
held
at
Edenburgh
,
Decemb.
15.
1567.
several
Acts
were
made
about
Church
Affairs
,
where
not
only
mention
is
made
of
Synods
and
General
Assemblies
,
but
Appeals
allowed
to
the
latter
,
and
from
it
Appeals
are
forbidden
;
and
a
Commission
appointed
to
enquire
into
what
Points
should
belong
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Church
,
and
all
Church-Jurisdiction
forbidden
but
what
is
,
or
shall
presently
be
established
.
Another
General
Assembly
Decemb.
25.
1567.
also
July
1568.
in
both
which
Superintendents
were
censured
;
and
a
Bishop
(
to
wit
,
who
had
been
such
)
deposed
from
the
Ministry
.
In
the
last
Assembly
it
is
appointed
who
shall
Vote
in
Assemblies
,
and
not
one
word
of
Bishops
.
Another
Assembly
July
1569.
Another
March
1st
.
1570.
where
Order
is
set
down
about
chusing
the
Moderator
,
there
was
no
Prelate
to
pretend
to
that
Priviledge
.
Another
in
the
beginning
of
July
1570.
Another
in
the
beginning
of
March
1571.
where
again
Superintendents
are
limited
.
In
January
1572.
a
Convention
of
Church
men
met
at
Leith
,
who
were
too
much
influenced
by
the
Court
:
The
Council
also
with
the
Regent
appointed
Articles
to
be
drawn
for
the
Policy
of
the
Kirk
,
and
after
approved
them
:
By
them
was
restored
the
Image
of
Prelacy
,
(
yet
the
real
Exercise
of
Presbytery
,
in
all
its
Meetings
,
lesser
and
greater
,
continued
and
was
allowed
)
for
these
called
Tulchan
Bishops
were
set
up
;
who
had
the
name
of
Bishops
while
Noblemen
and
others
had
the
Revenue
,
and
the
Church
had
the
Power
.
This
cannot
be
pretended
to
be
a
restoring
of
Prelacy
,
more
than
of
Popish
Abbacies
and
Priories
,
which
were
then
the
same
way
brought
in
.
This
Constitution
was
never
allowed
by
the
General
Assembly
,
and
it
lasted
but
three
or
four
years
,
and
as
a
Corruption
was
protested
against
by
the
General
Assembly
6th
.
of
August
1572.
In
an
Assembly
at
Edenburgh
March
6.
1573.
David
Ferguson
was
Moderator
,
tho'
neither
Bishop
nor
Superintendent
.
Another
Assembly
August
6.
Mr.
Alexander
Arbuthnot
,
Principal
of
the
old
Colledge
of
Aberdeen
,
was
Moderator
.
Assemb
.
1574.
concluded
that
the
power
of
Bishops
should
be
no
more
than
that
of
Superintendents
.
In
many
of
these
Assemblies
the
Policy
of
the
Church
was
revised
and
still
carrying
on
toward
perfection
.
After
this
,
in
other
Assemblies
pains
was
taken
to
perfect
the
Policy
of
the
Church
,
which
at
last
came
forth
in
the
Second
Book
of
Policy
,
agreed
on
in
the
General
Assembly
Octob.
25.
1577.
Also
1578.
at
several
Assemblies
Acts
were
made
against
Bishops
,
the
revising
of
the
Book
of
Policy
was
delayed
in
a
Parliament
at
Sterling
Castle
1578.
called
the
Imprisoned
Parliament
.
General
Assembly
July
13.
at
Dundie
1580.
condemned
the
Office
of
Bishops
as
unlawful
:
Another
at
Edenburgh
Octob.
20.
appointed
a
platform
to
be
drawn
for
Presbyteries
.
1581.
The
second
Confession
of
Faith
was
subscribed
by
the
King
and
his
Houshold
:
Where
Episcopacy
is
condemned
under
the
Name
of
the
Hierarchy
,
it
being
declared
that
no
other
Church
policy
was
to
be
allowed
save
that
which
then
was
used
,
which
every
one
knoweth
was
Presbytery
.
The
same
Year
the
Assembly
caused
Registrate
the
Book
of
Policy
among
their
Acts.
In
May
1584.
some
Acts
of
Parliament
were
made
,
derogating
from
the
Liberties
of
the
Church
,
but
so
little
weight
was
laid
on
them
,
that
by
the
King's
Command
some
Ministers
were
appointed
to
make
Animadversions
on
them
,
to
which
the
King
answered
,
explaining
and
smoothing
most
of
these
grievous
Acts.
In
the
Assembly
1586.
Commissions
for
Visitations
were
taken
from
Bishops
,
Superintendents
,
and
others
,
and
the
Church
in
several
Meetings
declared
against
Prelacy
.
Much
Contention
there
was
between
the
Church
in
her
lesser
and
greater
Assemblies
,
and
a
Court-Faction
,
about
Prelacy
,
which
yet
was
never
re-established
;
but
at
last
in
the
Parliament
begun
29
of
March
1592.
it
was
utterly
abolished
,
and
Presbyterial
Government
fully
settled
;
which
Arch-Bishop
Spotswood
in
his
History
,
tho'he
cannot
deny
,
yet
doth
most
disingenuously
labour
to
obscure
.
§
.
9.
Let
us
now
consider
what
grounds
the
Pamphleter
lays
for
his
Conclusion
,
and
what
is
the
Conclusion
he
buildeth
on
them
;
the
latter
of
these
I
first
consider
.
In
it
I
observe
first
,
he
is
out
in
his
Arithmetick
;
for
between
1567
and
1592.
are
not
35
but
25
Years
.
Another
thing
to
be
observed
is
,
that
it
can
make
nothing
for
his
Design
,
that
Presbyterian
Government
was
not
presently
established
by
Law
with
the
Protestant
Religion
,
because
then
the
Nation
having
so
lately
been
wholly
Popish
,
and
but
few
of
the
Clergy
,
or
other
Learned
Men
,
converted
to
the
True
Religion
,
there
could
not
be
a
competent
number
of
Ministers
got
,
who
were
tolerably
qualified
,
either
to
rule
the
Church
or
to
administer
other
Ordinances
:
and
the
space
of
25
years
was
not
long
for
growing
up
of
such
an
increase
of
useful
Plants
as
might
furnish
Churches
and
constitute
Presbyteries
every
where
in
the
Nation
;
especially
if
we
consider
what
opposition
was
made
to
this
settlement
by
the
Court
and
its
dependents
;
and
how
some
unfaithful
preachers
complied
with
the
Court
,
in
hope
of
preferment
from
the
year
1584.
it
was
rather
to
be
wondered
at
,
that
this
work
was
so
speedily
brought
to
such
issue
,
and
through
such
opposition
.
Let
him
make
what
advantage
of
his
conclusion
he
can
:
it
is
evident
from
what
hath
been
said
,
that
Episcopacy
never
took
place
in
the
Protestant
Church
after
the
Reformation
,
till
Presbytery
was
fully
setled
:
also
that
the
Inclinations
of
the
protestant
people
of
Scotland
(
to
speak
in
the
dialect
of
our
time
)
were
always
for
Presbytery
,
and
strongly
against
Prelacy
:
and
that
whatever
the
State
did
to
retard
this
work
,
the
Authority
of
the
Church
was
always
on
the
side
of
Presbytery
.
It
is
also
evident
,
that
Episcopal
Jurisdiction
over
the
Protestants
was
condemned
by
Law
in
that
same
Parliament
,
1567.
wherein
the
Protestant
Religion
was
established
:
for
it
is
there
statute
and
ordain'd
,
that
no
other
Iurisdiction
Ecclesiastical
be
acknowledged
within
this
Realm
than
that
which
is
,
and
shall
be
within
this
same
Kirk
established
presently
,
or
which
floweth
therefrom
,
concerning
preaching
the
Word
,
correction
of
Manners
,
administration
of
Sacraments
.
Now
I
hope
none
will
affirm
,
that
prelatical
Jurisdiction
then
was
,
or
was
soon
after
established
in
the
protestant
Church
of
Scotland
.
§
.
10.
The
Foundations
on
which
he
buildeth
his
Conclusion
make
as
little
against
what
we
hold
:
he
saith
,
the
Constitution
of
Bishops
,
having
then
the
Publick
Authority
,
(
the
Popish
Bishops
sitting
in
this
Parliament
which
setled
the
Reformation
)
must
in
the
Construction
of
the
Law
be
confest
to
remain
firm
from
1567
,
to
1592.
Ans.
It
is
not
denied
,
that
the
Constitution
of
Bishops
,
in
regard
of
their
Temporalties
,
(
such
as
sitting
in
Parliament
,
&c.
)
remained
after
1567.
yea
,
neither
do
we
say
that
,
that
Law
took
from
them
the
Authority
they
had
over
the
Popish
Church
,
(
so
far
as
then
't
was
in
being
)
for
this
Law
did
not
pretend
to
unbishop
them
,
or
make
them
no
Priests
;
nor
did
it
touch
their
pretended
Indelible
Character
.
But
it
is
manifest
,
that
after
this
Law
they
had
no
legal
Title
to
rule
the
Protestant
Church
:
and
that
by
this
,
nor
any
other
Law
,
no
other
Bishops
were
put
in
their
room
for
the
ruling
of
the
Church
.
To
what
he
saith
of
the
Popish
Bishops
sitting
in
a
reforming
Parliament
,
I
oppose
what
Leslie
,
Bishop
of
Rosse
a
Papist
,
hath
,
De
gest
.
Scotorum
,
lib.
10.
pag.
536.
that
concilium
à
sectae
nobilibus
cum
Regina
habitum
nullo
ecclesiastico
admisso
,
ubi
sancitum
,
ne
quis
quod
ad
religionem
attinet
,
quicquam
novi
,
moliretur
;
ex
hac
lege
(
inquit
)
omne
sive
haereseos
,
sive
inimicitiarum
,
sive
seditionis
malum
tanquam
ex
fonte
fluxit
.
Another
thing
he
alledgeth
(
or
rather
insinuateth
)
viz.
in
the
1st
Book
of
Policy
,
a
Superintendency
,
(
which
is
another
Model
of
Episcopacy
)
was
set
up
.
Ans.
It
is
true
,
the
Protestant
Church
of
Scotland
in
its
infancy
(
it
was
neither
by
an
Act
of
Parliament
that
it
was
brought
in
,
nor
that
it
was
after
cast
out
)
did
set
up
Superintendents
,
but
this
was
truly
(
and
was
so
declared
to
be
)
from
the
force
of
necessity
,
and
designed
only
for
that
present
exigency
of
the
Church
.
Neither
was
it
ever
intended
to
be
the
lasting
way
of
managing
the
Affairs
of
that
Church
.
At
that
time
it
was
hard
,
in
a
Province
,
to
find
two
or
three
men
qualified
for
any
more
work
toward
the
edifying
of
the
Church
,
than
reading
the
Scripture
to
the
people
,
and
therefore
they
found
it
needful
to
appoint
one
qualified
man
in
a
Province
,
(
and
at
first
fewer
,
only
five
in
all
Scotland
)
who
had
Commission
from
the
Church
to
go
up
and
down
and
preach
,
to
visit
Churches
,
to
plant
and
erect
Churches
:
they
acted
only
as
Delegates
from
the
Church
,
and
were
accountable
to
every
General
Assembly
;
where
they
were
frequently
censured
:
and
ordinarily
the
first
work
in
the
Assemblies
was
to
try
their
Administrations
:
as
the
number
of
Ministers
grew
,
their
power
was
lessened
,
and
at
last
wholly
taken
away
:
their
Commission
was
renewed
often
:
other
Commissioners
also
beside
them
were
sometimes
appointed
with
the
same
power
.
They
were
never
designed
to
be
instead
of
Bishops
;
for
they
did
not
keep
to
the
old
division
of
the
popish
Diocesses
.
They
might
not
stay
above
20
days
,
in
one
place
,
in
their
Visitations
:
they
must
preach
thrice
a
Week
at
least
.
In
their
particular
Charge
they
must
not
remain
above
three
or
four
Months
,
but
go
abroad
to
Visitation
again
;
they
must
be
subject
to
the
Censure
of
the
Church
,
in
her
provincial
and
general
Assemblies
.
All
this
considered
,
let
any
one
judge
with
what
candor
our
Author
calleth
a
Superintendency
,
a
New
Model
of
Episcopacy
.
It
is
evident
from
our
Church
Histories
,
that
the
Protetestant
Church
of
Scotland
was
so
far
from
that
sentiment
,
that
they
had
a
strict
eye
over
Superintendents
,
lest
their
power
should
have
degenerated
into
a
lordly
Prelacy
:
and
that
they
laid
aside
the
use
of
Commissions
to
Churchmen
,
and
giving
them
such
power
,
as
soon
as
the
Church
could
be
provided
with
such
number
of
Ministers
as
was
needful
.
QUESTION
II.
HAving
brought
his
first
Question
to
so
wise
a
conclusion
,
he
advanceth
to
a
second
,
which
is
,
Whither
ever
Presbytery
was
setled
in
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
without
constraint
from
tumultuous
times
?
What
advantage
to
the
Cause
of
Prelacy
,
or
detriment
to
Presbytery
is
designed
by
this
Question
and
the
Answer
of
it
,
is
not
easie
to
divine
.
Is
every
thing
bad
that
hath
been
done
in
tumultuous
times
?
Doth
not
the
Lord
say
Daniel
9.
25.
That
he
will
build
his
House
in
troublous
times
?
Will
this
man
therefore
condemn
the
Reformation
from
Popery
in
Scotland
for
this
,
That
it
was
setled
against
the
will
of
the
Queen
,
and
the
popish
Grandees
,
and
some
pretended
,
but
unfaithful
,
Protestants
,
in
a
very
tumultuous
time
?
It
may
be
he
will
;
and
his
Citation
pag.
4.
out
of
Basil.
Dor.
Lib.
2.
seemeth
to
import
no
less
:
But
if
he
thence
conclude
,
That
Popery
is
the
Truth
and
Protestantism
an
Error
,
we
shall
then
know
where
to
find
him
:
And
if
he
do
not
,
all
that
he
here
saith
is
extra
oleas
vagari
.
But
it
may
be
the
strength
of
his
ratiocination
lieth
in
this
,
That
Presbytery
was
setled
by
constraint
;
And
these
by
whose
authority
it
was
done
,
were
by
the
tumults
of
the
people
forced
to
it
.
Let
us
a
little
examine
this
.
First
,
Is
every
thing
bad
that
men
are
forced
to
?
Ill
men
do
few
good
things
willingly
,
and
of
their
own
proper
motion
:
By
his
way
of
reasoning
,
the
will
and
inclination
of
great
men
must
be
the
standard
of
good
and
evil
.
2ly
,
Presbytery
had
a
twofold
Settlement
in
Scotland
:
One
by
Church-authority
:
After
searching
the
Scripture
,
the
General
Assemblies
of
this
Church
did
find
Prelacy
unwarranted
there
;
And
that
it
was
contrary
to
that
Form
of
Government
that
the
Apostles
setled
in
the
hands
of
the
ordinary
Office
bearers
of
the
House
of
God
:
And
this
they
declared
authoritatively
in
the
Name
of
Jesus
Christ
:
I
hope
he
will
not
say
,
that
this
was
done
by
constraint
.
Another
Settlement
it
had
by
the
Authority
of
King
and
Parliament
,
giving
their
civil
Sanction
to
it
:
Neither
can
he
alledge
,
That
the
Parliament
was
any
way
constrained
to
this
;
Or
that
any
force
was
put
on
them
:
Nothing
appeareth
but
that
the
Parliament
1592.
[
which
made
this
Settlement
]
was
as
free
in
the
Election
of
its
Members
,
in
their
Consultations
and
Votings
,
as
any
that
have
been
since
:
And
some
will
say
,
more-free
than
these
Parliaments
which
since
have
undone
what
they
did
.
It
resteth
then
,
That
he
must
mean
,
That
the
King
was
some
way
violented
in
that
he
assented
to
this
Act
contrary
to
his
own
sentiments
and
inclinations
.
But
this
resteth
to
be
proved
:
beside
,
that
it
is
a
greater
reflection
upon
the
Conscientiousness
and
Uprightness
of
that
Great
and
Wise
Prince
,
than
is
decent
for
a
dutiful
Subject
to
be
guilty
of
.
§
2.
Let
us
now
hear
how
he
will
prove
,
first
,
That
King
James
,
Anno
1592
;
Then
,
that
King
Charles
,
Anno
1639
,
Assented
to
Presbyterial
Government
unwillingly
and
by
constraint
.
His
proofs
are
,
first
,
King
James
in
Basil.
Dor.
L.
2.
p.
28.
speaketh
with
great
bitterness
against
the
Presbyterians
,
and
their
Way
.
Ans.
This
doth
indeed
prove
,
that
he
had
changed
his
thoughts
of
that
Way
:
Not
that
he
was
never
of
another
mind
.
It
were
not
hard
to
cite
words
of
his
,
as
much
to
the
commendation
of
Presbytery
,
as
these
in
Basil.
Dor.
are
against
it
.
But
that
Way
,
and
its
opposite
,
standeth
or
falleth
,
by
the
sentence
of
a
higher
Authority
than
that
of
men
.
2ly
,
He
thinketh
it
against
Reason
and
Charity
,
to
think
,
That
this
being
his
thought
of
Presbytery
,
he
would
settle
it
in
the
Church
without
some
kind
of
compulsion
.
Ans.
It
is
little
more
charity
to
think
,
That
a
man
of
any
degree
of
Conscience
or
Religion
,
would
have
so
eminent
a
hand
in
plaguing
the
Church
with
that
which
he
looked
on
as
so
pernicious
,
as
the
words
cited
by
our
Author
do
express
:
Yea
,
the
fear
of
God
would
restain
one
from
such
an
act
,
even
under
the
highest
kind
of
compulsion
.
3ly
,
He
next
objecteth
the
Preamble
to
the
Act
for
Restoring
of
Episcopacy
,
Anno
1606.
Ans.
Who
can
doubt
,
that
when
men
had
a
mind
to
set
up
that
Government
,
they
would
say
all
the
good
of
it
that
they
could
devise
,
and
speak
to
the
disadvantage
of
the
contrary
what
could
be
thought
upon
;
but
this
signifieth
no
more
,
than
that
they
were
changed
from
what
once
they
were
;
and
they
who
do
so
say
and
unsay
,
are
unfit
to
give
decisive
Testimony
about
any
point
of
Truth
.
4ly
,
He
ascribeth
K.
James's
assent
to
Presbytery
to
his
Youth
.
Ans.
He
was
no
Child
in
1592
,
having
been
married
to
Queen
Ann
three
years
before
,
viz.
in
1589.
He
was
at
least
30
years
of
age
.
5ly
,
He
pleadeth
from
the
unsetled
condition
of
his
Affairs
:
but
doth
not
shew
wherein
they
were
unsetled
.
It
's
true
,
the
King
then
had
some
trouble
with
the
Earl
of
Bothwell
,
but
it
is
well
known
that
Bothwell
was
no
Presbyterian
;
and
setling
of
Presbytery
could
not
tend
to
quiet
him
:
But
I
am
weary
of
such
silly
Arguments
which
deserve
no
answer
.
What
he
maketh
the
King
alledge
,
That
the
Presbyterians
were
always
ready
to
joyn
with
any
Faction
in
the
State
:
is
as
groundless
as
any
thing
can
be
spoken
:
They
never
owned
any
but
such
as
owned
the
interest
of
Christ
,
and
his
Truth
.
Their
appearing
against
his
Grand
mother
and
Mother
,
was
only
in
defence
of
Christ's
Truth
,
which
these
two
Queens
did
labour
to
extirpate
.
And
what
is
said
of
inordinate
and
popular
Tumults
,
reflecteth
upon
Procestantism
,
rather
than
on
Presbytery
.
It
's
a
strange
Insinuation
that
he
hath
in
the
end
of
the
paragraph
,
pag.
4.
That
that
young
King
was
forced
to
settle
Presbytery
in
the
Church
,
that
thereby
he
might
bring
off
Presbyterians
from
joyning
with
the
Acts
of
their
Kirk
to
unsettle
his
Throne
.
Here
is
Malice
twisted
with
incoherent
Imaginations
:
For
nothing
but
Malice
can
make
any
think
that
Presbytery
is
an
Enemy
to
Monarchy
:
but
what
dirt
he
casteth
on
us
,
of
this
kind
,
afterward
shall
,
in
its
place
,
be
wiped
off
.
It
's
also
a
strange
fancy
,
that
if
K.
James
lookt
on
Presbytery
as
capable
by
the
Acts
of
their
Kirk
to
unsettle
his
Throne
,
that
he
should
put
it
in
that
capacity
,
by
setling
it
by
Law
,
with
a
design
to
secure
the
Throne
:
It
is
as
if
a
man
should
let
in
the
Thief
at
the
door
,
that
he
might
sleep
the
more
securely
in
his
house
.
§
3.
What
King
Charles
says
for
Prelacy
[
to
which
all
know
that
he
ever
was
a
constant
friend
]
is
much
more
modest
than
what
we
heard
before
:
And
we
deny
not
,
but
what
countenance
he
gave
to
Presbytery
,
was
in
condescendency
to
his
People
:
Yet
from
the
transactions
of
these
times
,
we
may
confidently
infer
,
That
the
Nation
,
both
in
its
diffusive
and
its
representative
Body
,
the
Parliament
,
was
for
Presbytery
:
And
what
our
Author
says
of
the
Tumults
of
these
times
,
[
which
were
sad
,
and
lamented
by
all
good
men
]
layeth
more
load
on
Prelacy
:
The
Tyranny
and
Innovations
of
the
Church-Rulers
of
which
way
did
force
the
people
either
to
see
first
the
purity
of
Gospel
Ordinances
taken
from
them
,
and
then
their
Religion
destroyed
by
a
popish
Faction
[
as
of
later
years
appeared
more
convincingly
,
when
the
designs
of
these
men
were
more
ripened
]
or
stand
in
their
own
defence
.
So
that
what
our
Author
gaineth
by
this
passage
is
,
that
Episcopacy
raised
a
Tumult
,
which
ended
in
its
own
ruine
.
QUEST
.
III.
THE
Scope
of
his
Third
Question
,
and
of
the
Resolution
of
it
,
can
be
no
other
but
to
render
Presbyterians
odious
;
not
to
disprove
their
Cause
,
nor
to
refute
their
Principles
:
It
is
,
Whither
the
Principles
of
Scottish
Presbytery
grant
any
Toleration
to
Dissenters
?
Quis
tulerit
Gracchos
de
seditione
loquentes
?
His
party
are
,
above
all
men
,
except
Papists
,
in
mala
fide
to
blame
others
in
this
matter
:
Among
what
party
of
men
hath
uniformity
,
and
conformity
to
all
the
Canons
of
their
Church
,
and
that
in
things
confessed
by
them
to
be
indifferent
[
that
is
needless
]
been
pressed
with
more
severity
,
imposed
by
more
unmerciful
Laws
,
and
urged
by
more
inhumane
and
cruel
execution
of
them
?
That
there
hath
been
excesses
among
Presbyterians
in
this
,
we
deny
not
;
but
lament
it
:
humanum
est
Labi
:
Moderation
is
not
an
easie
Lesson
,
nor
so
often
practised
,
as
it
should
be
when
men
forget
that
the
Lord
is
at
hand
:
as
the
best
are
apt
to
do
,
when
they
are
at
ease
.
But
all
unbyassed
men
,
who
know
,
and
have
observed
the
way
of
the
one
,
and
of
the
other
party
,
while
they
alternatively
had
the
ascendant
,
will
say
,
that
the
little
finger
of
the
meanest
Prelate
,
and
his
Underlings
,
was
heavier
than
the
loyns
of
the
greatest
Assembly
of
the
Presbyterian
Church
;
As
an
impartial
and
true
Account
of
the
Sufferings
in
both
Cases
will
evince
:
Which
on
our
part
,
I
hope
may
be
given
in
due
time
;
But
on
theirs
,
an
Account
is
given
as
remote
from
truth
and
candor
,
as
any
thing
that
ever
came
from
the
Press
:
which
it
is
like
e're
long
may
be
made
evident
.
But
we
desire
not
to
recriminate
,
though
necessity
is
laid
on
us
by
their
false
History
of
things
:
far
less
intend
we
to
retalliate
,
though
it
should
be
in
the
power
of
our
hand
:
But
we
leave
our
Cause
to
him
that
judgeth
righteously
.
§
2.
It
is
well
that
our
Adversary
is
so
favourable
to
that
Institution
of
Christ
,
The
Government
of
his
House
by
Presbyters
without
a
Bishop
;
That
we
own
,
in
that
he
doth
not
blame
it
generally
,
or
in
its
most
extensive
notion
;
Not
Presbytery
as
such
,
but
as
Scottish
.
Let
the
Ordinance
of
Christ
escape
his
lash
,
and
we
are
the
less
solicitous
what
he
says
against
the
Scots
in
their
management
of
the
Government
of
Christ's
House
:
He
knows
that
Scotland
is
but
one
,
and
a
small
part
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
in
which
that
Government
hath
been
,
and
is
practised
.
If
there
be
any
blame
then
in
the
practices
of
former
times
,
when
Presbytery
was
ascendent
,
let
it
be
imputed
rather
to
the
praeservidum
Scotorum
ingenium
,
(
in
which
they
of
the
other
party
have
far
outgone
ours
)
than
to
the
Ordinance
of
Christ
,
I
mean
that
Government
of
his
House
that
we
own
.
But
even
Scottish
Presbytery
,
or
that
Government
as
exercised
in
that
National
Church
,
will
be
able
to
stand
before
his
Arguments
:
Though
it
be
hard
for
any
thing
,
though
never
so
good
,
to
bear
up
against
Lies
and
Reproaches
.
§
3.
He
should
have
considered
,
That
there
may
be
other
Dissenters
living
among
Presbyterians
than
Episcopal
men
;
whereas
all
that
he
saith
on
this
Head
doth
only
relate
to
them
:
There
may
be
a
peculiar
reason
for
their
not
bearing
with
them
who
own
Prelacy
:
viz.
Because
their
Church-Government
doth
necessarily
overtop
,
bring
into
subjection
,
and
root
out
that
Government
of
the
Church
which
we
own
as
Christ's
Institution
:
It
is
against
their
principle
,
to
suffer
Ministers
and
Elders
to
live
beside
them
,
who
will
adventure
to
govern
any
part
of
the
Church
without
subordination
to
the
Bishops
:
And
whatever
Indulgence
hath
been
,
in
by
past
years
,
given
to
Presbyterians
,
as
we
know
it
was
designed
for
no
advantage
to
us
,
[
without
judging
the
secrets
of
any
bodies
heart
;
]
so
we
know
,
that
not
only
it
was
not
the
act
of
our
Church-men
;
but
nothing
was
more
grievous
to
them
,
and
nothing
they
did
more
actively
oppose
.
Notwithstanding
,
it
is
the
principle
and
purpose
of
Presbyterians
,
not
to
exclude
any
of
them
from
their
religious
Assemblies
,
nor
from
any
of
the
Ordinances
of
God
in
them
,
for
their
principle
about
Church-Government
,
wherein
they
differ
from
us
.
And
for
Ministers
among
them
,
we
are
ready
to
give
the
right
hand
of
fellowship
,
and
to
admit
to
all
the
parts
of
the
exercise
of
their
Function
among
us
,
such
of
them
as
shall
not
be
made
appear
to
be
insufficient
,
scandalous
,
or
erroneous
,
or
to
be
void
of
that
holiness
of
life
that
becometh
a
Minister
,
and
who
shall
be
found
willing
to
secure
the
Government
of
the
Church
that
we
own
,
and
to
prosecute
the
ends
of
it
;
and
not
to
exclude
any
simply
for
his
opinion
about
Church-Government
;
though
the
mean
while
,
we
are
not
willing
,
that
all
who
will
profess
to
own
our
Church-way
,
should
have
a
share
in
managing
it
with
us
;
because
many
such
might
be
a
scandal
to
it
,
others
might
betray
it
;
neither
can
we
allow
,
that
any
of
them
should
exercise
a
prelacy
over
us
,
or
over
the
people
of
our
charge
.
Further
,
Never
any
Church
,
or
State
,
gave
Toleration
to
Dissenters
from
the
established
Church-way
,
but
as
it
might
rationally
be
thought
a
necessary
relief
to
tender
consciences
:
But
this
reason
for
suffering
Episcopal
men
to
practise
their
way
among
us
,
at
this
time
,
cannot
,
without
the
greatest
impudence
and
hypocrisie
be
pretended
.
For
refusing
to
receive
the
Ordinances
from
Presbyterians
,
because
they
want
Episcopal
Ordination
:
this
cannot
be
from
conscience
,
seeing
it
was
their
constant
practice
,
when
Prelats
ruled
this
Church
:
they
never
required
any
of
them
to
be
re-ordained
who
had
been
ordained
by
Presbyters
,
and
after
complied
with
Episcopacy
.
Neither
can
they
pretend
conscience
for
having
a
Worship
different
from
ours
(
I
mean
the
English
Liturgy
)
for
when
it
was
in
their
power
to
use
it
,
they
never
did
.
Wherefore
there
can
be
no
pretence
on
which
they
can
plead
for
tolleration
in
these
things
;
but
humor
,
and
design
:
and
I
hope
it
will
not
(
by
impartial
beholders
)
be
judged
rigidity
,
if
the
State
deny
a
liberty
to
such
persons
to
make
such
Innovations
as
never
yet
could
get
place
in
this
Church
,
especially
when
it
is
too
apparent
that
they
who
are
most
forward
for
such
a
liberty
,
give
ground
to
think
,
that
a
design
against
the
present
civil
Government
is
at
the
bottom
,
they
being
such
as
have
no
liking
to
the
present
Establishment
.
§
4.
But
this
Author
hath
a
mind
to
represent
us
in
other
colours
:
And
for
a
Foundation
of
this
his
Essay
,
he
saith
,
That
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
is
the
Canon
,
and
the
Acts
of
the
General
Assemblies
,
the
Comment
of
the
Principles
of
Scottish
Presbyteries
.
This
is
false
;
the
Rule
that
we
Judge
by
in
the
Matter
of
Church
Government
,
as
well
as
in
other
things
,
is
the
Word
of
God
;
and
we
use
no
other
Comments
for
our
help
to
understand
that
Rule
,
but
such
as
are
founded
on
the
Word
it self
,
and
which
we
give
sufficient
Warrant
for
.
I
hope
the
Reader
will
look
on
this
loose
talk
,
as
Railing
,
not
Arguing
.
He
may
know
,
that
Presbytery
was
long
in
Scotland
before
that
Covenant
had
a
being
.
And
for
Acts
of
General
Assemblies
,
they
are
no
further
our
Rule
,
than
they
are
agreeable
to
the
Supreme
Rule
,
The
Word
of
God
;
and
to
the
Principles
of
Right
Reason
:
Neither
do
we
look
on
them
as
Infallible
,
[
as
he
foolishly
feigneth
,
pag.
6.
]
What
he
,
or
any
other
can
make
appear
in
them
to
be
unwarranted
,
we
are
ready
to
disown
:
And
we
know
they
may
be
changed
by
the
same
power
that
made
them
;
when
any
thing
in
them
shall
be
found
to
be
amiss
,
or
inconvenient
for
the
present
state
of
the
Church
.
§
5.
He
quarrelleth
with
three
Articles
of
the
Covenant
,
viz.
The
1st
about
preserving
the
Government
and
Discipline
of
the
Church
.
The
2d
,
that
is
against
Episcopacy
and
its
Dependents
.
The
3d
,
for
defending
one
another
in
their
adherence
to
this
Bond.
Let
any
judge
what
is
here
consistent
with
a
moderate
and
duly
limited
Toleration
of
Dissenters
:
Is
there
no
Toleration
of
men
who
hold
Prelacy
to
be
lawful
without
allowing
of
Prelacy
it self
,
and
submitting
to
its
domination
.
Next
he
will
prove
his
point
from
some
Acts
of
General
Assemblies
;
but
this
he
prefaceth
first
with
the
peaceableness
of
the
Prelatick
Clergy
in
and
after
1639.
when
their
Church-Goverment
was
destroyed
,
in
that
they
neither
raised
Tumults
,
nor
wrote
Books
.
It
is
true
,
they
raised
no
Tumults
;
but
they
did
what
they
could
to
raise
War
for
continuing
on
the
necks
of
the
people
,
that
Yoak
that
they
had
wreathed
on
them
:
And
did
effectually
draw
on
a
bloody
War
,
which
had
very
sad
effects
,
and
issued
in
the
ruine
of
them
and
Presbyterians
too
for
a
time
,
and
shewed
well
enough
to
raise
Church-Tumults
,
by
their
protesting
and
disobedience
to
the
Sentence
of
the
Church
:
for
their
not
writing
Books
,
who
hindred
them
?
Unbyassed
men
will
impute
it
to
somewhat
else
,
rather
than
to
their
peaceableness
.
Another
part
of
his
Preface
,
That
they
were
not
suffered
to
continue
in
their
Cures
:
This
is
indeed
true
of
the
Bishops
as
such
:
They
were
not
permitted
to
exercise
a
Prelacy
over
their
Brethren
;
for
that
was
inconsistent
with
the
Government
then
established
:
Yet
as
Ministers
of
the
Church
,
none
of
them
were
deprived
who
were
willing
to
preach
under
Presbytery
.
And
for
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
,
none
of
them
were
cast
out
for
complyance
with
Prelacy
,
but
they
generally
retained
their
places
;
wherefore
this
is
a
most
untrue
Allegation
.
A
Third
thing
he
saith
is
,
That
the
Presbyterians
at
the
Revolution
1662.
were
not
so
dealt
with
,
that
is
,
were
continued
in
their
places
:
Impudence
it self
could
affirm
nothing
more
false
.
Were
not
above
the
third
part
of
all
the
Ministers
of
Scotland
[
and
so
in
England
]
thrown
out
by
one
Act
of
Parliament
?
(
For
two
thirds
complyed
,
and
by
that
means
kept
their
places
)
and
the
few
(
in
Scotland
)
that
could
not
be
reached
by
that
Act
,
were
laid
aside
by
the
Bishops
and
the
Council
,
by
more
slow
steps
.
§
.
6.
The
Acts
of
Assemblies
that
he
citeth
are
,
Act
Aug.
17.
1639.
Appointing
all
in
Office
in
Church
,
and
Schools
,
and
all
Members
of
this
Kirk
to
subscribe
the
National
Covenant
.
And
an
Act
1642.
for
intimating
the
abovesaid
Act
,
and
proceeding
to
Church-censure
against
them
that
refuse
such
Subscription
.
And
an
Act
1644.
appointing
strict
enquiry
and
censure
against
disaffected
persons
to
the
Covenant
:
And
some
other
Severities
he
mentioneth
(
truly
or
falsely
I
know
not
,
for
he
doth
not
direct
where
such
Acts
may
be
found
)
which
may
be
acknowledged
as
no
Pattern
for
after-ages
to
go
by
.
It
is
like
if
that
Oath
of
God
had
been
less
universally
,
and
less
severely
imposed
,
it
had
been
better
kept
by
many
.
What
he
alledgeth
,
That
the
Assemblies
,
Aug.
1642.
do
order
the
persons
of
them
who
are
Excommunicated
,
to
be
imprisoned
,
and
their
Goods
to
be
confiscated
,
is
most
false
;
never
any
Assembly
in
this
Church
did
make
Laws
for
Civil
punishments
.
All
that
I
find
to
this
purpose
(
for
he
is
not
pleased
to
be
distinct
in
his
Citations
)
is
,
that
August
3.
1642.
the
Assembly
Petitioned
the
Council
to
put
the
Laws
in
execution
against
Excommunicated
Papists
.
All
this
considered
,
I
hope
the
Impartial
Reader
will
not
be
imposed
on
,
by
what
this
man
hath
said
,
to
think
that
the
Principles
of
Presbyterians
are
inconsistent
with
what
Toleration
is
due
to
Dissenters
:
Nor
will
blame
them
,
that
they
are
not
for
a
vast
and
boundless
Toleration
,
nor
because
they
cannot
bear
them
who
are
evil
,
but
do
try
them
who
say
they
are
Apostles
,
and
are
not
,
and
find
them
lyars
,
Rev.
22.
QUEST
.
IV.
Whether
from
the
Year
1662
,
to
the
Year
1689
,
Presbyterian
Separatists
were
guilty
of
sinful
Separation
?
AWise
Question
indeed
:
He
supposeth
them
Separatists
(
which
by
no
Author
was
ever
accounted
vox
media
,
or
taken
in
a
good
sense
)
and
yet
Querieth
,
whether
they
sinned
in
separating
.
But
to
let
this
pass
;
he
telleth
us
of
Doctrine
taught
in
our
larger
Catechism
,
from
which
may
be
demonstrated
,
how
necessary
it
is
to
Salvation
,
that
every
Person
keep
Communion
with
the
particular
Church
established
by
the
Laws
of
the
State
that
he
liveth
in
,
unless
she
either
enjoyn
in
her
Canons
any
sinful
term
of
Communion
,
or
propose
in
her
Confession
any
Heretical
Article
,
or
prescribe
in
her
Directory
for
Worship
any
Idolatrous
Impurity
.
To
this
I
repone
a
few
things
.
First
,
according
to
his
loose
and
indistinct
way
of
Writing
,
he
neither
telleth
us
what
these
Doctrines
are
,
nor
in
what
place
of
the
Catechism
they
are
to
be
found
;
we
must
take
his
Word
for
all
this
,
and
we
utterly
deny
what
he
saith
to
be
true
.
All
that
that
Catechism
saith
,
that
could
be
imagined
to
have
that
tendency
,
is
,
That
the
visible
Church
hath
the
Priviledge
of
being
under
God's
special
Care
and
Government
,
of
being
protected
and
preserved
in
all
Ages
,
notwithstanding
the
Opposition
of
Enemies
,
and
of
enjoying
the
Communion
of
Saints
,
the
ordinary
means
of
Salvation
,
the
offers
of
Grace
by
Christ
to
all
the
Members
of
it
in
the
Ministry
of
the
Gospel
,
testifying
,
that
whosoever
believeth
in
him
shall
be
saved
,
and
excluding
none
that
will
come
unto
him
.
Now
it
is
evident
,
that
all
this
is
said
of
the
Universal
Church
,
not
of
any
Particular
Church
;
far
less
can
this
passage
be
understood
of
a
particular
Church
as
established
by
the
Laws
of
the
State
wherein
it
is
:
No
Scripture
ever
made
such
Laws
essential
to
the
Notion
of
a
true
Church
,
from
which
none
may
separate
:
Neither
did
ever
any
Divine
talk
at
this
rate
,
except
Episcopalians
,
and
among
them
I
remember
of
none
,
that
so
express
themselves
,
but
this
Man
,
and
Dr.
Stillingfleet
.
He
doth
indeed
express
three
Cases
,
that
excuse
from
sin
in
separating
from
a
true
Church
,
but
how
these
can
be
drawn
from
the
Larger
Catechism
I
understand
not
.
§
.
2.
How
far
we
allow
a
Separation
from
the
late
Episcopal
Church
of
Scotland
,
and
maintain
it
not
to
be
sinful
in
us
,
but
sinfully
caused
by
them
,
I
shall
declare
:
We
affirm
it
to
be
no
Schism
,
but
a
necessary
Duty
,
that
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
did
not
own
Episcopal
Government
,
nor
either
directly
or
indirectly
countenance
the
Authority
of
Bishops
above
Presbyters
:
He
telleth
us
of
a
Letter
for
Union
,
March
1689.
wherein
it
is
said
(
and
not
answered
)
that
never
any
Confession
of
Faith
in
our
Reformed
Church
avowed
a
Divine
Right
for
a
parity
among
all
Church-Officers
.
This
Letter
I
never
heard
of
before
,
but
it
seemeth
the
Author
of
it
,
and
the
Writer
of
this
Pamphlet
,
have
Talents
equal
for
Controversal
Scribling
:
For
whoever
said
that
there
is
a
Divine
Right
for
Parity
among
all
Church
Officers
?
We
know
that
by
Divine
Right
Ruling
Elders
,
also
Deacons
,
are
not
equal
in
Church
power
with
Preaching
Presbyters
.
And
for
the
parity
of
Ministers
,
if
it
be
not
found
in
any
Confession
of
Faith
,
it
's
enough
that
it
's
found
in
the
Scriptures
.
But
we
affirm
that
the
Divine
Right
of
it
is
also
found
in
the
Confession
of
Faith
,
sworn
to
by
the
King
and
his
Houshold
,
and
by
the
Nation
,
wherein
they
abjure
the
Hierarchy
,
or
distinction
of
Degrees
among
Ministers
.
He
saith
,
the
Solemn
League
did
not
abjure
the
President
Bishop
.
Answ.
We
know
no
such
Bishop
,
the
President
or
Moderator
hath
no
Jurisdiction
over
his
Brethren
.
And
he
will
not
say
,
that
the
Bishops
restored
1662.
to
whom
we
could
not
yield
subjection
,
was
no
more
but
a
President
Bishop
;
if
he
do
,
all
the
Nation
will
cry
shame
on
him
,
and
his
own
Tongue
will
condemn
him
.
Page
1
,
2.
of
his
Book
,
What
some
in
England
Petitioned
for
,
we
are
not
concerned
;
if
he
had
told
us
what
concessions
the
body
or
generality
of
Presbyterians
in
that
Nation
had
made
,
also
let
us
know
where
we
might
find
such
Concessions
,
an
Answer
might
in
that
case
have
been
expected
from
us
.
But
what
he
presumeth
about
the
Repentance
of
Scots
Presbyterians
for
not
submitting
to
Episcopacy
as
established
in
Scotland
,
is
without
ground
,
and
absolutely
false
.
§
.
3.
What
we
further
declare
concerning
the
Separation
that
he
speaketh
of
,
is
;
that
Presbyterians
generally
did
not
think
it
unlawful
to
hear
these
Ministers
that
had
complyed
with
Episcopacy
;
and
often
did
occasionally
hear
them
(
whatever
was
the
practice
of
some
among
us
)
yet
the
best
of
the
Ministers
in
Scotland
,
and
to
so
great
a
number
,
and
to
whom
the
people
were
under
a
relation
as
their
Pastors
,
being
thrust
from
their
Charges
for
their
faithfulness
in
that
time
of
Tryal
,
and
others
being
obtruded
on
them
,
many
of
whom
were
very
unqualified
for
the
Ministry
,
and
they
entring
without
the
peoples
call
or
consent
,
they
would
not
own
them
for
their
Pastors
,
nor
thought
themselves
obliged
to
wait
on
their
Ministry
;
but
thought
it
their
Duty
rather
to
hear
their
own
faithful
Pastors
(
or
others
who
walked
in
their
steps
)
who
were
not
unministred
by
any
Church-Act
,
but
only
restrained
by
the
force
of
a
Civil
Law
,
which
could
neither
derogate
from
their
Ministerial
Authority
,
nor
loose
the
relation
that
the
people
had
to
them
.
I
deny
not
but
some
went
beyond
the
limits
of
this
Moderation
;
but
that
is
not
to
be
imputed
to
all
the
Presbyterians
,
being
neither
the
conclusion
of
any
Church-meeting
among
them
,
nor
the
sentiment
of
all
.
§
.
4.
This
being
considered
,
taketh
off
the
edge
of
all
that
he
enlargeth
on
about
the
Episcopal
party
agreeing
with
us
in
the
Confession
of
Faith
,
Directory
for
Worship
,
and
Administration
of
Sacraments
:
For
it
is
on
none
of
these
accounts
that
we
withdraw
from
them
;
but
partly
because
they
suffer
none
to
be
Ministers
among
them
,
but
such
as
comply
with
Episcopal
Jurisdiction
;
partly
because
they
deprived
us
of
the
Ministers
that
we
stand
in
relation
to
,
and
ought
to
own
;
partly
because
the
Ministers
obtruded
on
us
are
none
of
our
choice
(
as
they
ought
to
be
by
the
priviledge
that
Christ
hath
given
to
his
Church
:
)
And
indeed
(
many
of
them
)
unfit
to
be
chosen
;
and
partly
because
this
change
is
made
not
by
any
Church-Authority
that
we
can
own
,
but
by
the
State
,
and
by
an
unlawful
Church-power
.
It
seemeth
his
Arguments
are
run
low
,
when
he
chargeth
us
with
Nonconformity
even
to
the
Presbyterian
Church
,
in
that
we
use
not
the
Doxology
,
nor
the
words
of
the
Lord's
Prayer
,
nor
the
Belief
at
Baptism
:
For
when
or
where
were
these
injoyned
by
the
Presbyterian
Church
?
And
if
they
had
been
,
we
cannot
by
such
Injunctions
be
bound
to
what
is
after
found
to
be
inconvenient
:
That
we
are
tyed
to
the
use
of
the
Doxology
by
the
Covenant
,
he
doth
most
ridiculously
affirm
:
For
whoever
esteemed
that
a
part
of
the
Reformation
then
engaged
to
?
Using
the
Lord's
Prayer
we
never
condemned
;
but
that
Christ
hath
enjoyned
the
using
of
these
express
words
,
or
that
that
Prayer
was
given
as
a
form
of
words
rather
than
as
a
Directory
for
the
matter
of
Prayer
,
we
deny
:
Neither
do
we
condemn
the
use
of
the
Creed
;
but
we
think
that
they
who
have
their
Children
baptized
,
should
profess
their
Faith
so
as
may
more
clearly
distinguish
them
from
Popish
and
other
Hereticks
than
that
Confession
of
Faith
can
do
.
QUEST
.
V.
In
this
Question
he
advanceth
a
Paradox
.
The
Question
is
,
Whether
the
Penal
Laws
against
Scotch
Presbyterians
,
had
any
thing
of
Persecution
in
them
?
THis
Question
he
concludeth
Negatively
,
with
the
same
brow
that
Maimburg
,
and
other
French
Popish
Writers
do
affirm
,
That
all
the
Protestants
who
lately
in
France
turned
Papists
,
did
turn
voluntarily
,
without
any
compulsion
;
and
that
no
Rigour
nor
Persecution
hath
been
used
to
move
them
to
this
change
:
This
is
a
degree
of
effrontedness
,
of
bidding
Defiance
to
Truth
,
and
the
God
of
it
;
of
bold
imposing
on
the
Reason
,
yea
,
and
the
common
Sense
of
Mankind
;
that
the
World
doth
purely
owe
to
this
Age
,
and
to
Jesuitical
obfirmation
of
mind
.
But
let
us
hear
how
he
will
prove
this
his
strange
assertion
:
As
these
Laws
have
beat
out
the
Brains
of
many
good
Christians
,
that
could
not
comply
with
them
,
so
this
Man
thinketh
by
his
Arguings
to
beat
out
of
the
brains
of
such
as
remain
all
Sense
and
Reason
,
whereby
they
may
judge
of
what
they
hear
,
see
,
and
feel
.
In
clearing
the
state
of
his
Question
,
he
confesseth
,
There
may
be
too
severe
Laws
,
under
which
men
may
suffer
for
Conscience-sake
;
(
this
will
increase
the
wonder
of
intelligent
,
unbyassed
men
who
know
our
Affairs
,
that
such
Laws
are
possible
,
and
yet
ours
are
innocent
)
but
maketh
the
Question
to
be
,
Whether
our
Laws
were
not
necessary
for
preserving
true
Religion
and
publick
Peace
,
or
whether
they
were
the
uncharitable
effects
of
a
peevish
Resentment
,
inconsistent
with
good
Nature
and
Christianity
.
Tho'
even
that
cloak
of
smooth
words
will
not
hide
the
nakedness
of
the
Bloody
Laws
that
he
pleadeth
for
;
nor
could
warrant
a
man
that
believeth
Heaven
or
Hell
,
to
plead
for
such
cruel
Execution
of
them
as
was
among
us
:
Yet
this
state
of
the
Question
is
not
the
same
with
what
in
the
Title
is
proposed
:
For
there
have
been
few
Persecutions
in
the
World
for
which
Necessity
hath
not
been
pretended
,
and
that
were
given
forth
to
be
for
preserving
a
false
Religion
,
or
for
hindring
publick
Peace
;
or
that
the
Actors
in
them
would
call
peevish
and
inconsistent
with
good
Nature
and
Christianity
,
or
Moral
Goodness
.
And
it
is
certain
,
that
where
publick
Peace
may
be
preserved
without
such
severe
Laws
,
the
enacting
of
them
is
Persecution
;
which
was
our
case
:
for
nothing
caused
the
sad
breaches
of
the
Peace
that
were
in
this
Nation
in
1666.
and
1679.
but
the
unsupportable
Hardships
(
tending
to
make
wise
men
mad
)
that
they
who
feared
God
lay
under
by
the
severity
of
these
Laws
,
and
the
Barbarity
used
in
executing
them
.
§
.
2.
To
vindicate
the
Laws
from
all
blame
of
Persecution
,
he
giveth
a
lame
,
unjust
,
and
disingenuous
account
of
them
.
Wo
to
Posterity
if
they
be
abused
with
such
false
History
;
it
is
little
Honesty
to
transmit
such
things
to
after-ages
;
but
it
is
the
height
of
Impudence
to
publish
them
among
such
as
were
Eye-witnesses
of
them
,
and
among
whom
the
sad
effects
of
them
remain
with
grief
and
smarting
to
this
day
.
I
shall
first
examine
the
account
that
he
giveth
of
these
Laws
,
and
then
shew
how
defective
it
is
,
by
supplying
what
he
hath
omitted
.
He
telleth
a
story
of
the
endeavours
of
the
Synod
of
Edenburgh
to
have
Presbytery
established
;
and
who
can
blame
them
,
especially
seeing
their
Attempt
was
only
an
Application
to
a
Person
of
Interest
with
His
Majesty
.
He
telleth
us
likewise
of
their
sending
a
Clergy-man
(
whom
he
will
not
name
)
to
the
same
Great
Man
(
who
is
also
nameless
)
with
a
threatning
Message
,
That
if
they
would
not
settle
Presbytery
they
should
have
the
people
let
loose
upon
them
.
This
story
I
never
heard
before
,
nor
know
I
how
to
examine
the
truth
of
it
;
neither
can
I
meet
with
any
Person
that
hath
heard
of
it
;
and
so
have
more
than
probable
grounds
to
let
it
pass
as
a
Forgery
:
And
if
it
had
been
true
,
was
this
private
surmise
a
sufficient
ground
for
a
Parliament
to
make
such
Bloody
Laws
against
so
great
a
Body
of
People
as
the
Dissenters
?
Men
will
think
it
a
weak
Cause
that
must
be
supported
by
such
silly
shifts
.
I
take
no
notice
of
the
Act
annulling
so
many
preceding
Parliaments
and
their
Acts
(
tho'
this
were
hard
enough
)
nor
of
their
Act
of
Restitution
of
Bishops
;
it
is
not
the
right
or
wrong
of
the
Acts
that
we
are
now
considering
,
but
whether
they
were
Moderate
or
Persecuting
.
But
it
is
not
far
from
ridiculous
that
he
addeth
,
That
this
Imperious
Address
from
the
Ministers
(
a
private
Transaction
between
two
Men
,
if
it
hath
any
truth
in
it
)
should
so
far
influence
a
Parliament
,
as
to
make
them
impute
all
the
Evils
that
he
fancieth
had
fallen
out
,
to
the
Invasion
made
on
Episcopal
Government
.
§
.
3.
He
next
giveth
us
account
of
the
effect
of
setling
Episcopacy
:
And
first
,
in
the
non-complyance
of
some
of
the
Ministers
,
and
their
being
therefore
deprived
of
their
Churches
and
Benefices
.
And
is
this
no
Persecution
?
How
then
is
it
that
the
World
is
filled
with
such
outcries
in
one
Print
after
another
,
as
if
the
Prelatick
Clergy
in
Scotland
were
under
Sufferings
beyond
the
French
Dragooning
,
because
some
of
them
(
and
but
a
few
of
many
that
are
guilty
)
are
deprived
by
the
State
for
refusing
to
own
the
Civil
Government
under
which
they
live
:
A
Crime
never
till
this
day
thought
consistent
with
the
Being
,
much
less
with
the
Peace
of
any
Government
.
But
these
Men
have
not
learned
Christ's
Precept
,
To
do
to
others
as
they
would
be
done
by
themselves
.
But
this
Act
was
not
so
much
Persecution
against
the
Ministers
that
were
laid
aside
(
they
suffered
the
loss
of
their
Livelyhood
)
as
of
the
Church
,
and
the
People
whose
Souls
smarted
under
a
sad
loss
,
considering
how
many
Eminent
and
Holy
Men
were
among
them
that
were
so
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
from
their
Flocks
.
And
what
a
set
of
Men
were
put
in
their
room
.
If
these
Servants
of
God
endured
no
Persecution
from
the
State
,
I
am
sure
they
do
from
this
Man
's
virulent
Pen
,
who
saith
,
They
forsook
their
Ministry
either
because
of
disappointment
of
their
hope
of
Preferment
,
or
from
love
of
Ease
,
and
weariness
of
their
Work
,
or
from
impatience
to
be
subordinate
.
The
Lord
will
refute
this
malicious
passage
,
when
he
shall
come
with
ten
thousands
of
his
Saints
,
to
execute
judgment
upon
all
,
and
to
convince
all
that
are
ungodly
among
them
,
of
all
their
ungodly
deeds
which
they
have
ungodlily
committed
,
and
of
all
the
hard
speeches
which
ungodly
sinners
have
spoken
against
him
,
Jude
v.
14
,
15.
This
Man
cannot
be
ignorant
of
what
is
known
all
Scotland
over
,
without
question
or
contradiction
,
that
some
of
these
Ministers
had
preferment
in
their
offer
,
yea
,
the
highest
preferment
in
that
Church
,
and
refused
it
:
that
they
did
not
consult
their
ease
,
but
did
most
laboriously
Preach
under
the
greatest
hardships
and
hazards
;
which
is
to
this
day
seen
in
its
effects
,
on
the
crazy
bodies
of
not
a
few
of
them
:
and
if
any
did
otherwise
,
it
was
very
ill
lookt
on
by
the
rest
;
and
it
is
known
they
were
never
backward
to
be
subject
to
Christ's
appointments
;
tho'
they
cannot
(
for
Conscience-sake
)
stoop
to
these
of
Men
,
in
the
Matters
of
God.
§
4.
Then
he
telleth
us
of
the
compliance
of
other
Ministers
;
but
it
is
unaccountable
which
he
maketh
the
motive
of
some
of
them
,
that
the
Episcopacy
then
setled
,
was
not
abjured
in
the
Solemn
League
.
Nothing
but
Ignorance
of
that
Oath
,
or
Impudence
to
say
what
one
will
,
could
make
them
say
so
:
it
is
known
,
that
this
was
not
pleaded
by
them
,
but
either
that
that
Oath
was
not
binding
,
or
that
they
had
not
taken
it
,
and
were
not
bound
by
the
Nations
taking
of
it
:
and
if
this
were
true
,
what
should
have
stirred
the
zeal
of
that
party
so
against
that
Oath
,
as
to
get
it
abjured
,
and
burnt
,
in
contempt
,
by
the
common
Hangman
.
He
telleth
us
next
,
how
the
people
did
comply
,
till
1663.
It
is
true
,
hearing
the
conform
Clergy
was
commune
at
first
▪
(
other
compliance
was
never
given
;
but
an
entire
dislike
of
Episcopacy
was
as
extensive
as
any
respect
to
Presbyterian
Government
was
)
but
after
a
short
tryal
,
many
serious
people
,
who
minded
the
edification
of
their
Souls
,
found
what
a
sad
change
they
had
made
,
and
what
want
there
was
of
the
godly
,
learned
and
grave
Men
,
that
he
speaketh
of
,
to
supply
vacant
places
:
which
moved
the
people
to
look
after
better
means
of
edification
:
I
deny
not
but
some
run
to
an
excess
:
but
there
was
sufficient
reason
for
leaving
these
Intruders
when
others
could
be
had
.
And
both
Ministers
and
People
behoved
to
take
some
time
to
consider
what
was
duty
,
after
they
had
been
for
a
time
stunned
with
the
sad
stroak
that
came
upon
them
.
He
next
giveth
account
of
one
of
his
Innocent
Laws
;
It
is
Car.
2.
Part
1.
Sess.
3.
Act
2.
Ann.
1663.
All
who
come
not
to
hear
their
Ordinary
,
are
to
pay
a
fourth
part
of
their
yearly
Rent
:
others
that
had
no
Land
,
a
fourth
part
of
their
moveable
Goods
:
a
Burgess
,
the
fourth
part
of
his
Moveables
,
and
the
priviledge
of
his
Burgiship
is
forfeited
.
Is
here
no
persecution
?
to
force
people
thus
against
the
light
of
their
conscience
,
to
sit
under
the
Ministry
of
them
they
had
no
pastoral
relation
to
:
and
to
desert
them
to
whom
they
were
so
tied
;
to
hear
constantly
some
that
taught
Arminianism
;
some
that
railed
against
serious
Religion
:
besides
the
horrid
Immoralities
of
some
of
them
,
which
made
the
Ordinances
of
Christ
contemptible
to
the
people
:
for
this
Law
extended
to
hearing
of
such
,
as
well
as
others
.
And
was
it
no
persecution
to
enact
so
severe
Fines
for
such
a
crime
,
so
as
a
few
Sermons
might
reduce
a
rich
man
to
absolute
poverty
?
And
did
it
savour
of
no
persecution
,
in
the
Preface
to
this
Act
,
to
declare
such
abstinence
from
hearing
,
to
be
seditious
,
when
they
that
were
so
charged
,
were
as
quiet
and
peaceable
as
any
in
the
Land
?
He
would
excuse
the
severity
of
this
Act
from
the
Sermons
and
Books
of
some
,
written
to
justifie
the
Murther
of
Charles
the
First
,
and
the
Banishment
of
Charles
the
Second
,
and
the
Necessity
of
taking
up
Arms
against
the
King
,
and
laying
out
the
sinfulness
of
compliance
with
the
Legal
Settlement
of
Church
and
State.
Answ.
If
some
,
whose
Spirits
were
imbittered
by
what
they
suffered
,
especially
who
being
banished
into
foreign
Countreys
,
took
more
liberty
than
was
fit
,
and
spake
or
wrote
(
on
some
of
those
Heads
)
such
things
:
is
it
reasonable
,
or
can
it
be
freed
from
spiteful
persecution
,
to
charge
the
whole
party
with
these
things
,
and
treat
them
accordingly
;
when
it
could
not
be
,
nor
was
unknown
to
them
,
that
most
of
these
things
were
quite
contrary
to
the
sentiments
and
practices
of
the
best
,
and
far
greatest
part
of
Presbyterians
?
And
we
may
with
good
ground
affirm
,
That
the
spreading
of
such
principles
among
the
people
,
above
what
was
at
first
,
was
caused
by
the
severities
that
they
suffered
:
and
that
these
severities
had
not
their
rise
from
them
.
As
for
the
Murther
of
King
Charles
the
First
,
it
is
well
known
,
that
the
Presbyterians
in
Scotland
did
declare
against
it
,
both
in
their
religious
and
civil
capacity
.
§
.
5.
What
he
next
bringeth
,
of
the
open
Rebellion
of
the
Western
parts
,
1666.
(
known
by
the
name
of
Pentland-hills
)
was
purely
the
fruit
of
the
horrid
Barbarities
that
that
people
suffered
from
Military
force
,
sacking
their
Houses
,
and
destroying
their
Livelihood
,
treating
their
persons
with
the
greatest
Inhumanity
,
under
which
they
groaned
for
several
years
,
and
had
no
shelter
but
in
Mountains
and
in
Caves
,
nor
were
safe
but
in
such
companies
as
could
make
resistance
:
and
yet
what
then
was
done
,
was
the
act
but
of
a
few
Presbyterians
,
and
therefore
could
not
warrant
further
severity
,
nor
could
be
chargeable
on
all
:
and
on
this
or
some
other
consideration
it
was
,
that
they
had
an
Indulgence
granted
for
a
time
;
but
it
was
so
contrived
as
could
not
answer
the
necessities
of
the
people
,
the
Ministers
being
all
confined
to
one
corner
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Nation
left
destitute
;
which
made
it
reasonable
for
some
to
use
that
liberty
,
that
they
might
serve
the
Church
;
and
others
to
refuse
it
,
that
they
might
be
useful
in
other
places
where
it
was
not
allowed
.
What
is
alledged
,
of
assaulting
Ministers
,
robbing
their
Houses
,
wounding
them
,
&c.
much
of
it
was
found
to
be
meer
forgery
,
to
make
that
party
odious
,
and
to
give
a
colour
for
further
severities
;
and
what
was
done
(
if
any
thing
)
was
without
the
knowledge
,
and
with
the
greatest
dislike
of
the
Presbyterians
in
general
:
for
,
indeed
,
the
severities
of
that
time
did
provoke
some
to
run
into
these
principles
and
practices
that
ever
since
hath
been
uneasie
to
the
State
,
and
grievous
to
sober
Presbyterians
;
some
of
whom
have
been
as
much
in
hazard
from
them
,
as
the
prelatick
Clergy
have
been
;
it
is
therefore
strange
,
that
such
things
should
be
pretended
to
justifie
the
bloody
Laws
that
followed
,
and
which
reach
even
them
that
were
quiet
in
the
Land.
§
6.
He
next
cometh
to
the
Act
1670
,
wherein
the
Preface
brandeth
Meetings
(
tho'
they
were
only
for
Praying
and
Preaching
)
as
Seminaries
of
Rebellion
(
tho'
it
is
well
known
that
Loyalty
hath
been
many
times
preached
in
them
,
and
no
Sedition
nor
Rebellion
was
ever
taught
,
except
by
the
persons
above
marked
)
and
for
a
House-Conventicle
,
the
Minister
is
Imprisoned
,
till
he
pay
175
l.
sterling
:
and
must
engage
to
preach
no
more
,
or
give
Bond
to
leave
the
Nation
,
without
returning
,
unless
by
the
King's
leave
;
others
were
to
pay
,
an
Inheritour
of
Lands
the
fourth
part
of
his
Rent
;
a
Servant
the
fourth
part
of
a
Year's
Wage
;
a
Farmer
40
s.
sterling
;
a
Cottar
20
s.
If
the
Meeting
were
in
the
Fields
,
(
where
yet
Christ
and
his
Disciples
often
preached
,
and
that
contrary
to
the
Laws
of
Men
)
the
Minister
was
punishable
by
Death
and
confiscation
of
Goods
;
and
every
Hearer
,
the
double
of
what
is
above
mention'd
.
If
here
be
nothing
of
Persecution
,
that
hearing
a
Sermon
from
one
that
Christ
by
his
Church
hath
sent
to
preach
,
should
be
bought
at
such
a
rate
;
and
that
a
few
peaceable
People
,
meeting
in
a
corner
of
a
Wilderness
,
for
no
other
intent
,
and
about
no
other
work
,
but
to
hear
the
Gospel
,
should
take
away
the
Preacher's
Life
,
and
the
Hearer's
Livelihood
;
if
this
,
I
say
,
be
no
Persecution
,
let
the
World
judge
.
There
might
have
been
some
shadow
for
such
severity
against
meeting
with
Arms
,
(
tho'
even
that
was
in
some
cases
necessary
)
but
that
was
always
disallowed
by
the
soberest
and
wisest
)
but
when
nothing
appeared
in
mens
words
or
behaviour
,
but
that
in
peace
and
quietness
they
were
seeking
after
the
food
of
their
Souls
,
such
severity
must
either
be
called
Persecution
,
or
we
have
lost
the
very
names
of
things
,
and
must
call
Vice
,
Virtue
,
and
Virtue
,
Vice.
§
7.
What
he
hath
owned
is
sufficient
to
ruin
his
Conclusion
that
he
would
prove
by
these
Topicks
;
to
wit
,
That
the
Penal
Laws
against
Scotch
Presbyterians
had
no
persecution
in
them
.
But
it
doth
further
appear
how
absurd
it
is
,
if
we
consider
what
he
hath
wisely
suppressed
,
as
ashamed
to
speak
out
all
the
truth
.
Three
things
he
suppresseth
,
1.
Some
severe
Laws
.
2.
Some
Acts
of
Council
or
Orders
given
forth
by
it
,
which
exceeded
all
the
Severity
of
the
Laws
.
3.
Execution
of
these
Laws
and
Orders
,
beyond
what
either
of
them
could
warrant
.
For
the
1st
.
in
the
Act
of
Parliament
,
Aug.
13.
1670.
it
is
declared
,
that
if
a
Minister
Preach
,
Expound
Scripture
,
or
Pray
in
a
House
where
there
be
more
persons
than
the
House
contains
,
(
it
is
not
said
,
than
the
House
can
contain
)
so
as
some
be
without
doors
,
(
which
might
happen
without
the
Ministers
or
Peoples
knowledge
,
after
the
work
is
begun
,
or
by
the
Malice
of
some
who
might
stand
without
doors
on
purpose
to
ensnare
those
within
)
it
is
declared
to
be
a
Field-Conventicle
:
and
consequently
the
Minister
is
liable
to
death
,
when
he
doth
his
best
,
so
far
to
conform
to
the
Law
as
to
shun
that
hazard
,
and
the
People
are
liable
to
forfeit
the
double
of
what
in
reason
they
could
expect
.
By
the
same
Act
,
the
Lives
of
them
that
so
meet
are
exposed
to
the
mercy
of
their
most
malicious
Enemies
:
for
not
only
a
Reward
is
proposed
to
any
who
will
(
tho'
without
Warrant
or
Order
of
Law
)
seize
and
secure
any
at
such
a
Meeting
,
but
they
are
indemnified
for
any
slaughter
that
they
shall
commit
in
the
apprehending
and
securing
of
them
.
Nothing
but
the
restraining
power
of
God
hath
preserved
the
Lives
of
many
thousands
,
who
were
so
(
by
this
Man
's
Innocent
Laws
)
exposed
to
the
will
of
an
ungodly
,
and
merciless
Crew
.
Afterward
an
Act
was
made
,
declaring
,
that
not
only
Field
,
but
House-Conventicles
,
should
infer
the
pain
of
Death
to
the
Minister
,
and
that
a
Field-Conventicle
should
be
death
to
all
present
,
Minister
and
Hearers
,
1685.
May
8.
It
is
by
another
Act
,
1672.
declared
,
that
where-ever
a
Minister
,
not
allowed
by
a
Bishop
,
or
licensed
by
the
Council
,
doth
preach
and
expound
Scripture
,
or
pray
in
his
own
House
,
where
more
persons
are
present
than
four
,
beside
the
Family
,
or
in
any
Family
that
is
not
his
own
,
tho'
none
should
be
present
but
the
Family
,
that
it
is
a
Conventicle
.
And
comparing
this
with
the
above-mention'd
Act
,
a
Minister
loseth
his
Life
by
Law
,
if
he
pray
in
a
Family
where
he
happeneth
to
lodge
a
night
out
of
his
own
House
.
Likewise
,
Anno
1685.
Act
4.
any
who
refuse
to
witness
(
that
is
,
to
be
an
accuser
of
the
Brethren
,
the
Devil's
work
)
about
House
or
Field-Conventicles
,
or
Church-Disorders
,
are
to
suffer
as
guilty
of
these
Crimes
themselves
;
that
is
,
to
suffer
death
:
and
thus
the
Wife
or
Child
,
must
either
contribute
to
take
away
the
Life
of
her
Husband
or
Father
,
or
lay
down
their
own
Life
.
Also
Act
8.
of
the
same
Year
,
it
is
declared
Treason
to
own
the
Covenant
as
Lawful
,
or
Obligatory
,
though
we
had
sworn
it
,
and
many
being
questioned
about
the
Obligation
of
it
,
behoved
either
to
Perjure
themselves
,
or
suffer
death
from
the
hands
of
Bloody
Men.
And
Act
6.
Husbands
who
complyed
with
the
Laws
(
unless
they
were
also
judged
by
the
Council
to
be
Loyal
(
which
no
Man
could
expect
unless
he
were
throughly
Episcopal
,
to
say
no
worse
)
must
be
fined
for
their
Wives
non-complyance
,
which
put
Men
on
this
sore
Dilemma
,
either
unnaturally
to
put
force
on
his
Wives
Conscience
(
which
may
be
he
could
not
Command
)
or
be
undone
.
Beside
this
(
which
is
the
second
thing
above-mentioned
)
it
cannot
be
denyed
that
the
Privy-Council
gave
Order
not
only
to
Officers
of
the
Army
,
but
to
every
private
Souldier
,
empowering
them
when
they
met
any
Person
on
the
High-way
,
to
examine
them
whether
they
were
coming
from
or
going
to
a
Conventicle
:
And
if
they
would
not
by
Oath
clear
themselves
,
they
were
allowed
to
take
from
them
their
upper
Garment
.
Yea
,
afterward
the
Officers
(
I
know
not
whether
the
Souldiers
had
that
Power
)
were
warranted
to
kill
whomever
they
met
with
,
who
should
refuse
to
give
them
satisfaction
about
abjuring
the
Sanquhair
Declaration
.
It
is
true
,
sober
Men
did
not
refuse
to
take
that
Abjuration
;
but
it
was
an
unparallel'd
Act
,
to
commit
the
lives
of
Men
to
Souldiers
,
to
kill
at
their
pleasure
Men
living
in
Peace
,
and
going
about
their
Lawful
Employments
,
without
proof
of
a
Crime
,
or
due
course
of
Law.
August
3.
1682.
Major
White
in
many
Counties
,
and
the
Laird
of
Meldrum
,
a
Captain
of
Horse
,
in
other
Counties
,
are
empowered
to
act
as
Sheriffs
(
tho'
the
ordinary
Sheriffs
and
their
Deputies
were
executing
the
Laws
)
and
to
keep
Justice
Courts
;
so
that
the
Lives
and
Fortunes
of
People
were
at
the
mercy
of
these
two
Souldiers
.
Sept.
9.
the
Laird
of
Claverhouse
(
a
Souldier
)
is
empowred
to
put
the
Laws
in
Execution
against
withdrawers
from
the
Church
.
A
Commission
for
judging
and
executing
the
Laws
,
even
to
death
,
is
given
to
Crawford
of
Ardmillan
,
Novemb.
9
and
16
days
the
like
to
the
E.
of
Linlithgow
.
I
conclude
with
what
is
wisely
observed
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
(
now
our
Gracious
Soveraign
)
in
his
Declaration
for
Scotland
,
about
Imprisonments
without
cause
alledged
,
forcing
many
to
swear
against
themselves
,
imposing
Arbitrary
Fines
,
intercommunings
on
the
slenderest
pretences
,
making
Men
incur
the
danger
of
Life
and
Fortune
for
most
innocent
converse
with
their
Relations
outlawed
,
of
which
the
Counsellers
themselves
were
guilty
,
and
behoved
to
procure
Pardons
.
By
empowring
Souldiers
to
act
the
greatest
Barbarity
on
Persons
living
in
quiet
,
hanging
,
drowning
,
or
shooting
,
without
any
course
of
Law.
The
Third
thing
is
,
That
the
Execution
did
exceed
both
the
Laws
and
Orders
of
Council
,
Multitudes
of
Instances
may
(
and
I
hope
ere
long
will
)
be
given
of
Men
pistolled
,
or
hanged
in
cold
Blood
,
by
the
High-way
,
on
the
Fields
about
their
Work
,
or
drag'd
out
of
their
own
Houses
,
because
they
refused
to
declare
their
Opinion
of
the
Murther
of
the
Arch-Bishop
of
St.
Andrews
:
Of
the
Insurrection
at
Pentland
and
Bothwell-Bridge
,
or
of
the
Covenant
.
It
is
true
,
it
doth
not
reflect
on
the
Laws
,
but
it
sheweth
what
spirit
they
were
of
who
made
them
,
in
that
they
employed
such
Men
,
and
did
not
punish
them
for
such
Facts
,
but
rather
countenanced
them
.
§
.
8.
He
cometh
now
to
his
Conclusion
,
to
clear
the
Laws
from
Persecution
:
And
here
he
addeth
some
Considerations
that
he
taketh
for
Argumentative
:
As
that
three
Rebellions
were
raised
in
the
space
of
23
Years
.
But
if
these
Rebellions
were
the
Effects
,
rather
than
the
Causes
of
that
Severity
(
as
indeed
they
were
)
then
his
Argument
is
inconcludent
.
That
it
was
so
with
the
former
two
I
have
observed
before
;
for
the
third
,
it
may
be
he
is
not
ignorant
how
it
was
influenced
by
that
unparallel'd
and
ridiculous
(
but
that
it
was
on
a
mournful
Subject
)
Libel
wyer-drawn
against
that
Noble
Earl
that
was
the
Head
of
that
Insurrection
,
making
him
guilty
of
Leesing-making
,
and
lyable
to
Death
for
what
unbyassed
Men
,
and
even
some
of
his
Enemies
,
judged
to
be
below
the
least
of
Crimes
.
He
saith
,
none
ever
suffered
for
mere
Separation
,
but
in
Purse
:
But
is
it
not
Persecution
to
be
turned
out
of
a
Man's
Livelyhood
,
and
made
a
Beggar
for
worshipping
God
?
He
saith
likewise
,
That
none
suffered
that
way
but
such
as
came
to
Church
to
save
their
Money
,
notwithstanding
of
pretended
scruple
of
Conscience
.
This
is
spoken
at
random
;
many
suffered
sadly
for
Conventicles
,
who
did
not
so
comply
:
And
I
am
bold
to
say
,
he
knoweth
the
contrary
of
what
he
here
affirmeth
.
He
will
have
his
Conclusion
to
stand
,
Unless
we
will
derogate
from
the
Authority
of
King
and
Parliament
.
That
is
a
mistake
:
We
question
the
Justice
of
their
Laws
,
not
their
Authority
to
make
Laws
.
We
may
say
,
Nero
and
Domitian
were
Persecutors
,
without
questioning
whether
they
were
Lawful
Emperors
.
QUEST
.
VI.
IT
may
be
observed
from
this
Author's
Conduct
in
his
Pamphlet
,
what
it
is
to
be
fleshed
in
bold
averring
of
what
all
the
World
knoweth
to
be
manifest
untruths
:
Some
by
boldness
and
frequency
in
telling
Lies
,
have
come
at
last
to
believe
them
as
Truths
;
what
else
could
make
him
propose
this
Question
,
and
answer
it
Negatively
?
Whether
the
Episcopal
Clergy
in
Scotland
from
the
Year
1662.
to
the
Year
1686.
shewed
any
thing
of
the
Spirit
of
Persecution
against
Presbyterians
?
We
affirm
that
they
did
:
He
denyeth
it
.
To
prove
what
we
assert
,
we
might
bring
a
Volume
of
Historical
instances
,
which
now
to
adduce
,
should
swell
this
Paper
to
an
undue
bigness
,
and
would
anticipate
what
it
is
like
will
be
amply
performed
in
the
History
of
the
late
Times
:
A
few
things
I
hope
will
not
be
denyed
by
any
Impartial
Person
that
knoweth
Scotch
Affairs
;
and
will
be
sufficient
to
evince
what
we
hold
in
this
:
One
is
,
the
Bishops
of
this
Church
sat
in
Parliament
when
the
above-mentioned
Laws
were
made
;
did
any
of
them
either
Reason
or
Vote
against
any
one
of
them
?
Yea
,
it
is
known
that
they
were
active
Promoters
of
them
;
yea
,
our
Author
denyeth
not
their
consenting
and
advising
to
them
,
tho'
he
will
not
own
their
being
the
first
Movers
of
them
.
The
former
is
enough
to
our
purpose
,
and
the
latter
is
rationally
suspected
,
both
from
the
active
influence
that
some
of
them
had
in
the
Government
,
and
from
the
spight
that
on
all
occasions
they
shewed
against
Men
of
our
way
.
Another
Evidence
of
this
is
,
the
Church-men
in
their
Publick
Sermons
did
frequently
inflame
both
the
Magistrates
and
Souldiers
to
execute
the
Laws
against
Dissenters
;
and
helped
them
by
Direction
,
Intelligence
,
and
all
the
ways
that
they
could
,
as
thousands
of
Instances
might
make
appear
.
A
Note
of
a
Sermon
was
much
talked
of
,
wherein
the
Judges
of
Assize
,
or
Circuit-Court
,
(
before
whom
it
was
preached
)
were
advised
to
dye
their
Scarlet
Robes
yet
more
red
in
the
Blood
of
these
Men.
Again
,
it
is
known
that
the
Ministers
were
the
Informers
against
such
as
did
not
comply
with
the
Laws
.
It
is
true
,
this
was
enjoyned
them
by
the
Rulers
:
But
conscientious
Men
would
not
have
persecuted
them
that
feared
the
Lord
,
at
the
Command
of
Men
:
whereas
most
of
them
gave
ready
,
chearful
,
and
forward
Obedience
to
these
Injunctions
.
He
speaketh
of
some
of
them
who
did
not
,
but
were
chid
by
the
Iudges
:
And
we
confess
,
they
were
not
all
Persecutors
,
but
many
,
yea
,
the
far
greatest
part
were
.
§
.
2.
Now
what
hath
he
to
say
for
vindicating
the
Clergy
from
this
Imputation
?
He
telleth
us
,
The
Clergy
never
Addressed
the
King
for
punishing
the
Presbyterians
.
A
goodly
Apology
!
as
if
there
were
no
other
way
of
compassing
such
a
malicious
Design
save
this
one
.
Next
,
The
inferiour
Clergy
did
not
obey
the
Order
for
Informing
.
This
is
answered
:
Most
did
,
and
but
a
few
refused
.
He
talketh
of
Bishops
shewing
Acts
of
Charity
,
in
relieving
the
Necessities
of
Presbyterians
,
and
mitigating
the
Penalties
of
the
Law
when
it
was
in
their
power
,
and
that
the
particulars
of
this
might
swell
his
Paper
to
a
great
bulk
.
Answ.
These
Acts
it
seems
were
very
secretly
done
;
neither
the
man
's
own
left
Hand
,
nor
the
Observation
of
others
could
discern
them
.
If
some
acts
of
Charity
were
done
to
some
in
distress
,
it
is
no
more
than
what
some
Oppressors
have
done
,
first
made
People
poor
,
by
taking
a
pound
from
them
,
and
then
relieved
them
by
giving
a
penny
:
notwithstanding
any
who
have
given
a
Cup
of
cold
Water
to
Sufferers
,
shall
not
want
their
Reward
from
the
Lord
,
nor
their
Commendation
from
us
,
That
private
and
publick
witnessing
against
Schism
was
all
that
the
inferiour
Clergy
did
against
Dissenters
,
is
so
false
an
Assertion
,
as
nothing
can
be
more
false
.
QUEST
.
VII
.
Whether
the
Episcopal
Church
of
Scotland
were
compliers
with
the
Designs
for
taking
away
the
Penal
Law
against
the
Papists
.
HE
will
here
vindicate
his
own
Church
from
this
blame
,
and
in
the
next
Question
,
throw
it
on
the
Presbyterians
;
both
of
them
with
a
like
truth
and
candor
.
We
are
far
from
charging
all
the
Episcopal
Party
in
this
matter
,
especially
the
Church
diffusive
,
which
he
saith
was
represented
in
Parliament
.
We
know
these
Patriots
did
worthily
in
opposing
that
ill
and
dangerous
Design
;
but
we
will
not
own
,
that
all
that
sat
in
that
honourable
Assembly
were
Episcopal
;
however
,
they
went
a
further
length
in
complying
with
it
than
some
have
freedom
to
do
.
Not
a
few
of
them
,
we
hope
,
will
now
shew
,
and
have
shewed
,
that
that
way
was
not
their
choice
:
for
the
Bishops
,
he
seemeth
not
to
deny
,
that
two
of
the
fourteen
were
for
it
;
and
it
is
well
known
how
far
these
two
(
and
they
were
the
two
Heads
,
the
Archbishops
)
appeared
for
it
,
both
in
Council
,
and
Parliament
:
and
that
two
were
deprived
,
yea
,
and
appeared
against
this
design
,
we
deny
not
:
but
can
he
say
,
that
the
rest
appeared
against
it
in
Parliament
,
when
they
had
the
fairest
opportunity
,
and
were
in
a
special
manner
called
to
it
.
For
the
inferior
Clergy
,
he
will
have
them
all
innocent
in
this
matter
,
because
they
preached
against
the
Doctrins
of
Popery
;
that
they
prayed
for
the
Protestants
in
France
:
and
other
appearances
they
made
against
Popery
.
None
of
these
things
we
deny
;
nor
do
we
envy
them
their
due
praise
on
this
account
,
yet
two
things
are
to
be
considered
;
one
is
,
That
it
was
but
the
practice
of
some
.
It
is
well
known
how
many
were
sinfully
and
shamefully
silent
;
and
others
,
who
were
bold
to
speak
,
were
checkt
by
their
Bishops
for
it
.
The
other
is
,
That
it
is
very
consistent
to
be
against
the
Doctrins
of
Popery
,
and
yet
to
be
for
a
Toleration
to
them
,
and
against
their
being
under
the
hazard
of
Penal
Laws
for
their
Religion
:
Whence
I
infer
,
That
his
Conclusion
doth
no
way
follow
from
his
Premisses
.
§
2.
The
Zeal
that
some
of
the
Prelatists
shew'd
for
continuance
of
the
Penal
Laws
,
might
be
considered
,
either
with
respect
to
Papists
,
or
to
Protestant
Dissenters
,
who
might
have
ease
by
the
removal
of
these
Laws
:
the
former
part
of
their
Zeal
was
laudable
;
not
the
latter
:
which
of
them
did
preponderate
,
we
are
left
to
guess
:
and
may
be
helped
in
this
guess
,
by
a
commune
principle
,
that
many
of
them
(
I
say
not
all
)
have
expressed
;
That
they
had
far
rather
that
Popery
should
prevail
than
Presbytery
:
and
the
actings
of
the
chief
men
,
and
of
the
most
part
of
them
,
do
correspond
with
this
principle
at
this
day
.
What
are
the
sentiments
of
the
Prelatists
in
Scotland
,
about
taking
off
the
Penal
Laws
against
Papists
,
may
be
manifestly
gathered
(
unless
we
will
abandon
all
argumentation
and
the
rational
inference
of
one
thing
from
another
)
if
we
consider
what
our
prelatical
Parliaments
have
declared
;
what
the
Archbishops
and
Bishops
in
their
Letter
to
K.
James
,
Nov.
3.
1688.
have
with
much
flattery
said
;
and
what
the
University
of
St.
Andrews
,
in
their
Address
to
that
same
King
have
published
,
partly
of
their
adherence
to
him
,
while
the
subversion
of
our
Laws
and
Religion
was
not
secretly
,
but
visibly
carrying
on
;
partly
of
that
absolute
,
irresistable
and
despotick
Power
that
they
ascribe
to
him
;
for
if
he
have
such
power
to
do
what
he
will
,
and
if
he
was
for
taking
off
the
the
force
of
these
Laws
,
(
as
they
cannot
once
question
)
how
is
it
consistent
with
that
unlimited
obedience
that
they
owe
to
such
a
Monarch
,
that
they
should
not
be
also
for
removing
them
?
QUEST
.
VIII
.
Whether
the
Scotch
Presbyterians
were
complyers
with
the
Designs
for
taking
away
the
penal
Laws
against
Papists
?
HE
affirmeth
it
:
We
deny
it
:
But
in
this
,
that
Scripture
is
fulfilled
,
Psal.
55.
3.
They
cast
iniquity
upon
me
,
and
in
wrath
they
hate
me
.
Nothing
in
this
Book
hath
less
semblance
of
truth
,
and
more
evidence
of
spite
than
this
.
And
in
nothing
the
unfaithfulness
of
his
Party
,
and
the
integrity
of
the
Presbyterians
,
did
more
appear
,
than
in
the
stir
that
was
about
taking
off
these
Penal
Laws
:
for
his
party
had
no
inducement
to
be
for
removing
them
,
except
to
please
the
King
,
and
to
advance
Popery
:
but
the
Presbyterians
(
especially
the
Ministers
)
were
under
the
strongest
temptations
imaginable
to
shew
themselves
so
inclined
,
not
only
to
gain
the
favour
of
the
Court
,
the
want
of
which
had
been
so
heavy
to
them
:
but
also
because
they
were
to
share
in
the
ease
from
heavy
persecution
,
which
these
Laws
had
brought
on
them
,
and
on
them
only
;
(
for
these
Laws
were
severely
executed
against
them
,
but
not
against
the
Papists
)
and
above
all
this
,
every
Presbyterian
Minister
in
Scotland
was
liable
to
death
by
these
Laws
:
none
had
observed
them
,
and
they
might
rationally
expect
,
that
the
Court
,
being
provoked
by
their
appearing
for
their
continuance
,
might
cause
them
to
be
executed
with
rigour
upon
them
;
notwithstanding
of
all
this
,
they
took
their
lives
in
their
hands
,
and
as
they
had
occasion
shewed
themselves
against
taking
off
the
Penal
Laws
against
Papists
,
meerly
out
of
conscience
,
and
out
of
zeal
against
Popery
:
whereas
the
other
Party
were
not
so
faithful
,
as
was
above
shewed
.
Their
Reasonings
against
it
on
all
occasions
,
and
their
dealing
about
it
with
Members
of
Parliament
,
are
well
known
,
besides
more
publick
witnessing
against
it
,
as
they
had
occasion
.
Neither
can
it
be
made
appear
(
for
any
thing
that
I
could
ever
learn
)
that
any
one
Minister
of
our
way
was
of
another
sentiment
:
and
for
others
,
two
or
three
,
or
a
very
few
instances
of
many
thousands
,
is
all
that
can
be
given
.
§
2.
To
prove
his
Conclusion
,
viz.
That
the
Presbyterians
were
for
taking
away
the
Penal
Laws
against
Papists
,
he
bringeth
two
Arguments
,
which
a
man
pretending
to
reason
,
might
be
ashamed
to
use
:
The
first
is
,
They
accepted
,
and
gave
thanks
for
the
Indulgence
,
notwithstanding
that
they
knew
that
all
the
designs
of
Court
were
for
advancing
of
Popery
.
Answ.
They
accepted
an
Indulgence
for
themselves
,
and
gave
thanks
for
that
alone
:
which
was
their
due
by
Christ's
grant
,
and
which
had
injuriously
been
withheld
from
them
:
but
that
to
the
Papists
,
they
were
no
further
concern'd
in
,
than
to
lament
it
;
which
they
did
:
and
witnessed
against
it
as
they
had
occasion
:
For
the
designs
of
the
Court
,
it
was
not
their
part
to
consider
them
,
further
than
to
endeavour
to
disappoint
them
;
which
they
did
to
the
uttermost
of
their
power
,
both
by
warning
and
principling
the
people
a-against
Popery
:
and
also
by
doing
what
they
could
to
keep
the
Laws
standing
in
force
against
Papists
.
It
had
been
a
strange
thing
,
if
they
should
have
been
backward
to
preach
and
hear
the
Gospel
,
when
a
door
was
opened
for
it
,
because
some
men
had
a
design
against
the
Gospel
in
their
opening
of
it
.
Surely
their
silence
and
peevish
refusing
on
that
occasion
had
been
much
to
the
hurt
of
the
Gospel
,
for
then
Papists
(
who
would
not
fail
to
use
the
liberty
,
for
their
part
)
should
have
had
the
fairest
occasion
imaginable
to
mislead
the
people
,
without
any
to
oppose
them
;
on
the
contrary
,
their
using
of
the
liberty
was
the
great
mean
by
which
(
with
the
blessing
of
the
Lord
)
so
very
few
,
during
that
time
of
liberty
,
were
perverted
to
Popery
in
this
Nation
:
and
they
that
were
so
drawn
away
,
were
none
of
our
party
.
We
have
cause
to
think
,
that
if
we
had
refused
to
use
this
liberty
,
this
Man
,
and
his
Party
,
would
have
lashed
us
with
their
tongues
for
so
doing
,
as
they
now
do
for
the
contrary
:
for
they
did
so
by
some
,
who
in
former
years
refused
to
use
a
liberty
granted
;
which
we
all
know
was
designed
for
the
same
end
.
But
we
expect
not
that
we
shall
be
able
to
please
them
,
whatever
course
we
take
.
§
3.
His
second
Argument
is
notoriously
false
,
in
all
the
parts
and
circumstances
of
it
;
and
I
affirm
,
that
a
man
that
knoweth
our
affairs
shall
not
find
one
word
of
truth
in
all
his
long
Paragraph
that
he
hath
p.
24.
That
they
were
silent
against
Popery
in
K.
James
'
s
time
,
is
grosly
and
notoriously
false
;
it
is
true
,
some
of
them
thought
the
best
Antidote
against
liberty
for
Popery
(
and
other
sinful
Ways
)
to
be
a
sound
work
of
grace
in
the
Soul
,
and
ingaging
people
to
be
seriously
religious
,
and
therefore
insisted
mainly
on
such
subjects
:
yet
did
not
neglect
to
instruct
people
in
the
controverted
points
of
our
Religion
,
nor
to
hold
forth
the
evil
and
danger
of
Popery
in
particular
.
For
what
he
saith
of
the
Reverend
and
Worthy
Dr.
Hardy
,
who
preached
faithfully
against
Popery
,
that
his
Brethren
either
blamed
him
,
or
disowned
him
,
is
most
false
;
they
did
often
visit
him
in
the
Prison
,
which
I
had
from
his
own
mouth
;
that
Episcopal
Advocates
and
Judges
pleaded
for
him
and
acquitted
him
,
was
no
more
but
what
the
one
ought
to
do
for
their
Hire
,
and
the
other
were
bound
to
by
their
Places
:
they
acquitted
an
innocent
man
when
no
crime
was
proved
against
him
.
QUEST
.
IX
.
Whether
Scottish
Presbytery
in
the
Church
,
be
consistent
with
the
Legal
Monarchy
in
that
Kingdom
?
IF
this
Author
knew
us
;
he
would
not
move
this
Question
,
and
if
he
did
not
hate
us
,
and
not
resolved
to
say
all
manner
of
evil
against
us
,
right
or
wrong
,
he
would
not
(
as
he
doth
)
resolve
it
in
the
Negative
.
We
have
no
other
proofs
of
the
falshood
of
what
he
asserteth
,
but
1.
Experience
;
which
sheweth
that
in
many
Ages
(
in
which
Presbytery
hath
had
place
in
this
Kingdom
,
as
hath
been
shewed
above
)
it
did
well
consist
with
the
legal
Monarchy
of
it
.
And
2.
that
he
(
nor
none
else
)
cannot
shew
what
principle
of
Presbyterian
Government
,
nor
what
practice
of
Presbyterians
(
that
is
commune
to
them
all
,
or
generally
)
is
inconsistent
with
Monarchical
Government
,
as
it
hath
been
by
Law
owned
in
this
Nation
.
We
deny
not
but
there
have
been
some
things
acted
by
men
of
our
Principles
,
in
their
Zeal
for
Religion
,
which
we
do
resolve
not
to
imitate
;
and
tho'
we
can
clear
them
from
that
degree
of
blame
that
the
malice
of
their
enemies
casteth
on
them
,
and
particularly
from
being
no
friends
to
Monarchy
,
and
unfaithful
to
their
Kings
;
yet
we
hope
the
excesses
that
have
been
in
former
Ages
,
while
both
parties
were
overheated
in
their
contendings
,
will
be
a
mean
to
teach
more
moderation
to
this
and
following
Generations
.
Let
us
then
hear
what
he
hath
to
say
for
this
his
most
absurd
,
malicious
,
and
false
Position
.
After
I
have
told
the
Reader
,
that
the
only
thing
that
can
with
any
shew
give
rise
to
such
an
apprehension
,
is
,
that
Presbyterians
,
being
generally
the
more
conscientious
part
of
the
Nation
,
could
not
comply
with
the
lusts
of
some
of
their
Rulers
,
nor
subject
the
interest
of
Religion
to
their
will
,
while
others
were
ready
to
abandon
Law
,
Religion
,
and
Reason
,
to
please
Men
:
who
,
in
recompence
of
this
,
did
exalt
them
above
their
Brethren
.
§
2.
What
he
asserteth
he
offereth
to
prove
,
from
the
opposition
of
the
Covenant
to
Acts
of
Parliament
,
the
latter
giving
to
the
King
what
the
former
taketh
from
him
.
The
first
thing
that
he
bringeth
as
an
instance
of
this
is
,
That
Par.
1.
ch
.
2.
Act
2.
it
is
the
King's
prerogative
to
chuse
Officers
of
State
,
Counsellors
,
Iudges
;
but
the
Covenant
maketh
this
the
prerogative
of
the
Kirk
,
in
that
Art.
4.
we
swear
to
discover
evil
instruments
,
that
they
may
be
brought
to
tryal
;
and
confirmeth
it
,
that
Anno
1648.
it
is
asserted
by
the
Church
,
that
Duties
between
King
and
Subjects
are
the
subject
of
Ministerial
Doctrine
,
(
for
what
he
saith
,
that
the
Kirk
must
be
as
infallible
in
this
as
at
Rome
;
I
pass
it
as
the
froth
of
a
malicious
mind
,
void
of
reason
)
.
A.
1.
These
passages
were
20
or
some
fewer
years
before
the
Act
of
Parliament
cited
:
how
then
can
they
be
charged
as
taking
from
the
King
what
he
had
not
by
those
Acts
for
so
many
years
after
?
But
this
is
but
a
small
escape
in
this
learned
Writer
.
2.
Will
any
man
of
sense
say
,
that
the
power
of
chusing
Officers
is
taken
from
the
King
,
because
Subjects
are
obliged
to
discover
and
complain
of
ill
men
,
or
because
Churchmen
may
tell
Kings
and
Subjects
their
duties
?
such
reasonings
are
to
be
hissed
at
,
not
answered
:
Hath
a
man
lost
the
priviledge
of
chusing
his
own
servant
,
because
his
son
may
tell
him
he
hath
hired
a
very
bad
man
?
Another
Argument
he
bringeth
is
yet
more
ridiculous
:
It
is
the
King's
prerogative
to
call
Parliaments
;
but
Scotch
Presbyterians
hold
,
that
the
power
of
calling
Assemblies
,
doth
not
flow
immediately
from
the
King
,
but
from
Christ.
Answ.
Baculus
est
in
angulo
ergo
petrus
stat
;
is
just
as
concludent
:
What
affinity
is
there
between
the
King's
power
of
calling
Parliaments
,
and
the
Churches
having
no
power
to
call
Assemblies
for
Religious
Matters
?
We
deny
not
power
to
the
King
even
to
call
Church-Assemblies
;
neither
will
we
call
any
in
contempt
of
the
Magistrate
;
but
we
maintain
,
that
the
Church
hath
from
Christ
an
intrinsick
power
to
convene
about
his
Matters
,
tho'
the
Magistrate
should
neglect
to
call
them
:
but
we
confidently
deny
that
the
Church
of
Scotland
ever
did
(
or
thought
it
fit
to
be
done
)
call
an
Assembly
without
the
authority
of
their
King
,
where
he
was
a
friend
to
true
Religion
.
Let
him
shew
us
what
Magistrate
called
the
Council
that
is
mentioned
Acts
15.
Another
Argument
he
taketh
from
the
King's
power
of
dissolving
Parliaments
,
inconsistent
with
which
,
he
saith
,
is
the
2d
Article
of
the
Covenant
,
(
he
should
have
said
the
3d
Article
)
where
we
bind
to
maintain
the
priviledges
of
Parliament
;
one
of
which
is
,
the
General
Assembly
,
1648.
declareth
against
the
Negative
Vote
in
Parliament
.
Answ.
Could
any
other-man
have
made
such
an
inference
,
unless
Presbyterians
had
declared
that
it
is
not
in
the
King's
power
to
dissolve
a
Parliament
,
but
they
may
sit
as
long
as
they
will
:
which
never
was
said
,
nor
imagined
;
for
the
General
Assembly
,
1648.
denying
to
the
King
a
Negative
Vote
in
Parliament
:
this
doth
not
concern
the
sitting
of
the
Parliament
,
but
the
validity
of
their
decisions
while
they
sit
;
also
they
say
very
little
to
this
purpose
,
only
in
their
Declaration
,
July
31.
they
say
,
that
they
see
not
how
the
priviledges
of
Parliaments
,
and
the
King
's
Negative
Vote
can
consist
;
I
wish
this
had
been
left
to
the
cognition
of
Politicians
.
But
what
the
Assembly
there
says
,
was
not
their
sentiment
only
,
but
of
the
Parliaments
both
of
England
and
Scotland
at
that
time
;
so
that
his
inference
is
no
better
against
Scotch
Presbytery
,
than
if
he
had
asserted
the
inconsistency
of
Parliaments
in
both
Nations
with
the
Legal
Monarchy
.
That
was
a
time
when
Debates
about
Prerogative
and
Priviledge
had
issued
in
a
bloody
War
;
the
result
of
which
was
the
ruin
of
both
:
Whereas
now
the
King's
Prerogative
and
the
the
Priviledges
of
Parliament
being
setled
and
acknowledged
,
and
the
King
's
Negative
Vote
owned
by
all
,
none
do
more
chearfully
submit
to
the
Legal
Establishment
in
these
things
than
the
Presbyterians
do
.
§
.
3.
He
saith
,
The
Covenant
depriveth
the
King
of
the
power
of
making
Laws
,
because
Covenanters
swear
to
continue
in
the
Covenant
all
their
days
against
all
opposition
.
A
goodly
Consequence
indeed
:
We
swear
not
to
obey
sinful
Laws
;
ergo
,
the
King
and
Parliament
may
make
no
Laws
at
all
.
What
he
alledgeth
in
further
proof
,
That
the
Assembly
July
28.
1648.
declared
against
an
Act
of
Parliament
&
Committee
of
Estates
,
dated
in
June
the
same
Year
,
and
in
general
against
all
others
made
in
the
Common
Cause
without
consent
of
the
Church
,
is
as
little
to
the
purpose
:
For
it
is
not
the
same
thing
to
declare
the
Laws
of
Christ
condemning
the
sinful
Laws
of
Men
,
and
to
affirm
,
that
Men
may
make
no
Laws
without
the
Churches
consent
;
neither
will
we
plead
for
every
thing
that
hath
been
acted
.
Notwithstanding
I
hope
Presbyterians
will
learn
to
give
all
due
deference
to
the
Publick
Acts
of
the
State
,
even
when
they
cannot
comply
nor
give
obedience
to
them
.
He
further
Argueth
,
That
they
deny
to
the
King
the
Prerogative
of
making
Leagues
and
Conventions
of
the
Subjects
,
because
the
Covenant
was
taken
without
the
King.
This
was
no
Act
of
Presbyterian
Government
,
but
an
Act
of
the
Estates
of
Scotland
,
of
all
Ranks
;
and
this
they
thought
to
be
necessary
for
securing
of
their
Religion
from
Popish
Adversaries
,
who
designed
to
overturn
it
,
as
afterward
appeared
,
when
the
Design
was
more
ripe
,
and
it
was
fit
to
bring
it
more
above
board
.
He
proveth
also
that
Scotch
Presbyterians
are
against
this
Prerogative
of
the
King
,
because
June
3.
1648.
The
Assembly
declareth
against
the
Bond
subscribed
by
the
Scotch
Lords
at
Oxford
,
and
inflicteth
the
highest
Ecclesiastical
Censures
against
them
,
and
such
as
had
a
hand
in
it
.
Answ.
Sure
he
could
not
obtrude
this
on
the
belief
of
any
,
unless
he
had
been
confident
that
what
he
saith
would
never
be
examined
:
For
in
that
Act
of
the
Assembly
there
is
nothing
like
condemning
the
King's
calling
his
Subjects
together
;
but
their
condemning
of
a
wicked
Act
that
some
of
them
(
being
but
in
a
private
capacity
)
did
when
they
were
together
.
For
this
Bond
was
not
framed
nor
signed
by
any
Parliament
,
or
other
Representative
of
the
Nation
,
called
by
the
King
,
but
by
a
few
Lords
sojourning
out
of
the
Nation
,
who
met
and
condemned
what
was
done
at
home
by
the
Representatives
of
the
whole
Nation
.
This
Bond
was
sent
to
the
Assembly
by
the
Convention
of
Estates
of
the
Nation
,
as
the
Act
it self
saith
,
that
the
Assembly
might
give
their
Opinion
about
it
;
and
they
declared
the
wickedness
of
it
,
and
appointed
Church-censures
against
the
guilty
:
What
is
there
in
all
this
that
is
derogatory
from
the
King's
Prerogative
of
Convening
his
Subjects
?
§
.
4.
His
last
Effort
to
prove
the
inconsistency
of
Monarchy
and
Presbytery
is
,
That
the
Presbyterians
deny
the
King's
Prerogative
of
making
Peace
and
War
:
Which
he
proveth
,
because
the
Assembly
1645.
Feb.
12.
declare
them
guilty
of
sin
,
and
censurable
,
who
did
not
contribute
to
carry
on
the
War.
Answ.
All
that
the
Church
did
in
this
was
,
That
in
a
solemn
warning
to
all
the
People
of
all
Ranks
,
for
convincing
them
of
sin
,
and
pointing
out
their
Duty
to
them
,
among
other
Duties
,
such
as
Repentance
,
Reformation
,
&c.
they
held
it
forth
as
a
Duty
for
People
to
obey
the
Orders
of
the
Estates
of
Parliament
,
toward
their
own
Defence
when
a
bloody
Army
of
barbarous
Irish-men
was
in
their
Bowels
.
If
this
his
Argument
can
cast
any
blame
on
Presbyterians
,
't
is
this
,
that
there
are
cases
in
which
they
allow
the
States
and
Body
of
the
Nation
to
resist
the
King
so
far
,
as
to
hinder
him
to
root
out
the
Religion
that
is
by
Law
established
among
them
:
And
one
should
think
that
he
might
have
been
by
this
time
convinced
that
this
is
not
peculiar
to
Presbyterians
,
but
that
all
the
Protestants
in
Britain
are
engaged
in
the
same
thing
.
Nor
can
Papists
reproach
Protestants
with
it
,
for
their
Principles
runneth
yet
higher
.
QUEST
.
X.
HE
hath
said
so
much
to
little
purpose
,
he
is
now
come
to
his
last
Effort
,
which
doth
evidently
shew
a
fainting
Cause
,
but
strong
and
growing
Confidence
:
For
he
Querieth
,
Whether
Scottish
Presbytery
be
agreeable
to
the
general
Inclinations
of
that
People
?
This
he
denyeth
;
we
affirm
it
,
and
wish
the
matter
could
be
put
to
the
Poll
among
them
that
are
sober
,
and
that
do
any
way
concern
themselves
in
Religion
:
We
do
not
grudge
them
a
multitude
of
debauched
Persons
,
who
hate
Presbytery
,
as
the
Curb
of
their
Lusts
,
and
love
the
other
way
,
under
which
they
might
be
as
bad
as
they
would
,
without
a
check
;
tho'
others
could
not
be
so
good
as
they
should
without
Persecution
,
or
being
discountenanced
:
tho'
there
want
not
a
great
many
even
of
such
that
never
liked
Prelacy
,
tho'
they
could
comply
with
it
.
Let
us
also
set
aside
a
sort
of
Men
,
who
had
their
dependence
on
the
Court
,
or
on
the
Prelates
,
and
could
advance
their
Interests
that
way
.
Let
us
seclude
also
from
this
reckoning
,
the
Popishly
affected
,
who
were
but
Protestants
in
Masquerade
;
and
tho'
we
deny
not
,
that
there
may
be
found
both
among
the
Ministers
and
People
some
sober
and
religious
Persons
,
who
are
conscientiously
for
Prelacy
,
yet
these
are
so
few
in
Scotland
(
and
were
much
fewer
before
1662.
since
which
time
some
have
been
bred
to
it
)
that
not
one
of
many
hundreds
or
thousands
is
to
be
found
;
and
it
hath
been
in
all
Ages
(
out
of
Popery
)
seen
,
that
so
strong
and
universal
is
the
inclination
of
People
against
Prelacy
,
that
it
never
was
brought
in
but
by
force
and
fraud
,
and
never
had
long
peaceable
possession
in
this
Nation
:
So
that
it
is
well
known
,
that
not
a
few
wise
Men
in
the
Parliament
,
who
have
no
Zeal
for
Presbytery
it self
,
yet
are
for
its
being
setled
here
,
as
knowing
that
no
other
Church-Government
can
suit
the
Genius
of
this
People
.
§
.
2.
The
Proofs
that
our
Author
bringeth
for
his
Assertion
are
strangely
inconsequential
;
he
will
not
say
,
That
the
inclinations
of
the
Nation
Representative
is
for
Prelacy
,
lest
he
be
found
guilty
of
Leesing-making
,
a
Crime
that
he
often
talketh
of
,
and
it
seems
hath
well
studied
,
and
may
be
sometime
strained
his
Wit
about
;
but
he
will
prove
it
of
the
body
diffusive
of
the
people
;
and
first
,
of
the
Nobility
,
because
Presbytery
is
against
Monarchy
,
and
they
own
it
.
This
is
answered
.
2.
Because
they
have
taken
the
Test
and
Declaration
.
Answ.
He
confesseth
some
Peers
took
neither
;
and
they
that
did
take
them
,
did
not
by
that
shew
their
inclination
so
much
,
as
what
they
thought
fit
to
comply
with
,
rather
than
suffer
;
how
many
of
these
,
now
when
there
is
no
force
on
them
,
show
that
it
was
not
choice
,
but
necessity
,
that
led
them
that
way
;
and
many
who
seem
to
make
Conscience
of
these
Bonds
,
yet
shew
no
inclination
to
the
thing
that
they
are
bound
to
,
except
by
the
constraint
that
they
have
brought
themselves
under
.
The
Gentry
he
will
also
have
to
be
inclined
to
Prelacy
,
because
they
have
taken
the
Test
;
which
is
answered
:
and
because
many
of
them
,
when
liberty
was
granted
,
went
not
to
Meeting-houses
.
A
silly
Argument
,
for
many
did
go
,
and
most
other
clave
to
the
former
way
,
because
the
Law
stood
for
it
,
and
the
Meetings
seemed
to
be
of
uncertain
continuance
,
but
how
few
of
them
now
refuse
to
hear
the
Presbyterians
?
The
Test
is
still
the
Argument
,
the
Burgesses
must
be
Episcopal
,
because
many
of
them
took
it
.
Also
,
because
of
the
rivers
of
tears
shed
at
the
Farewel-Sermons
of
their
Episcopal
Ministers
.
O
horrid
Impudence
!
Scotland
knoweth
that
where
one
was
grieved
,
multitudes
rejoyced
,
others
carried
indifferently
,
at
the
removal
of
the
few
of
the
men
who
as
yet
have
been
laid
aside
;
for
the
Clergy
,
we
yield
him
all
the
gang
,
except
a
few
,
and
those
of
the
more
sober
of
them
,
who
declare
,
that
they
never
liked
Prelacy
as
it
was
established
,
tho'
they
thought
it
Lawful
to
Preach
under
it
.
The
ability
and
worth
of
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
he
laboureth
to
ridicule
,
but
from
such
Topicks
as
are
fitter
to
be
despised
than
answered
.
Our
three
Commissioners
sent
to
London
,
Anno
1689.
(
the
former
three
he
thinketh
not
worthy
of
his
notice
)
he
maketh
to
be
the
Standard
of
Presbyterian
abilities
:
they
are
able
to
abide
his
censure
,
and
to
compete
with
most
of
his
party
;
but
he
might
know
,
that
among
us
many
are
infirm
thro'
Age
and
long
Hardships
,
who
are
of
eminent
Abilities
;
others
are
fixed
in
such
Charges
,
where
their
labour
could
not
be
wanted
for
so
long
a
time
:
and
what
he
objecteth
against
them
who
were
sent
is
of
no
weight
;
the
first
,
that
he
once
complyed
,
is
most
false
:
he
resisted
great
Temptations
to
such
complyance
,
and
bare
faithful
Testimony
against
it
.
The
second
suffered
for
his
Principles
in
the
time
of
a
sad
Division
in
this
Church
.
The
third
is
no
obscure
Person
,
tho'
unknown
to
this
Pamphleter
,
from
whom
,
when
things
went
as
he
wished
,
good
Men
hid
themselves
,
as
from
a
Persecutor
.
We
can
also
yield
to
him
the
Universities
and
Colledge
of
Justice
,
as
lately
stated
;
seeing
none
had
access
to
such
places
but
they
who
were
Episcopal
:
For
the
Physicians
,
there
are
not
a
few
worthy
Men
of
that
Faculty
,
who
are
far
from
inclinations
toward
Prelacy
.
It
is
a
new
Topick
,
not
often
used
before
,
That
such
a
way
of
Religion
is
the
best
,
because
most
of
the
Physicians
and
Lawyers
are
of
it
:
This
his
Discourse
will
equally
prove
that
Popery
is
preferrable
to
Protestantism
;
for
in
France
,
Italy
,
Spain
,
&c.
not
the
multitude
only
,
but
all
the
Church-men
,
the
Universities
,
the
Physicians
and
Lawyers
are
of
that
way
.
I
conclude
this
our
Debate
about
the
Inclinations
of
the
people
of
this
Nation
to
Presbytery
,
with
an
Observation
made
by
the
late
King
James
,
when
Duke
of
York
,
and
in
Scotland
;
hearing
of
divers
persons
of
Quality
,
who
on
their
Death-bed
called
for
the
Assistance
of
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
and
refused
others
,
though
they
had
in
their
life
been
either
regardless
of
such
Ministers
,
or
persecutors
of
them
,
he
said
,
That
the
Scots
,
in
whatever
Religion
they
lived
,
yet
generally
they
died
Presbyterians
.
FINIS
.
☞
The
History
of
the
Affairs
and
late
Revolution
of
Scotland
:
With
an
Account
of
the
Extraordinary
Occurrences
which
happened
thereupon
,
and
the
setling
of
the
Church-Government
there
.
Printed
for
Tho.
Salusbury
in
Fleet-street
.
ERRATA
.
PAge
4.
line
14.
dele
exit
,
read
Epit.
P.
16.
l.
29.
dele
consistent
,
read
inconsistent
l.
40.
dele
well
,
read
will.
P.
32.
l.
21.
or
against
Popery
,
read
against
a
Liberty
for
Popery
.
l.
42
for
and
not
resolved
,
read
for
and
were
not
resolved
.
Books
lately
Printed
,
and
Sold
by
Tho.
Salusbury
,
at
the
Sign
of
the
Temple
,
near
Temple-Bar
in
Fleet-street
.
THE
History
of
the
Great
Revolution
in
England
and
Scotland
,
with
the
Causes
and
Means
by
which
it
was
Accomplished
.
Together
with
a
particular
Account
of
the
Extraordinary
Occurrences
which
happened
thereupon
.
As
likewise
the
Settlement
of
both
the
Kingdoms
under
their
most
Serene
Majesties
King
William
and
Queen
Mary
.
Octavo
.
Price
5
s.
The
Safety
of
France
:
To
Monsieur
the
Dauphine
:
Or
,
the
Secret
History
of
the
French
King.
Proving
to
his
Son
,
That
there
is
no
other
way
to
secure
France
from
the
approaching
Ruine
,
but
by
Deposing
his
Father
for
a
Tyrant
and
Destroyer
of
his
People
.
Twelves
.
Price
1
s.
Pythagoras's
Mystick
Philosophy
revived
,
or
the
Mistery
of
Dreams
.
Unfolded
by
Tho.
Tryon
,
Student
in
Physick
.
Octavo
.
Price
2
s.
A
Collection
of
many
wonderful
Prophesies
,
relating
to
the
English
Nation
;
plainly
foretelling
the
late
Great
Revolution
,
and
Happy
Settlement
of
this
Kingdom
;
His
present
Majesties
Successes
in
Ireland
,
and
particularly
his
Victory
at
the
Boyne
;
with
other
very
remarkable
Things
not
yet
come
to
pass
.
Quarto
.
Price
6
d.
Miscellany
Poems
,
viz.
1.
Remarks
on
the
Death
of
King
Charles
the
Second
.
2.
On
the
Succession
of
King
James
the
Second
.
3.
Upon
Faith.
4.
Upon
Patience
.
5.
Upon
Ambition
.
6.
To
the
University
of
Oxford
.
7.
The
Soul
to
a
Good
Conscience
.
8.
The
Soul
to
a
Bad
Conscience
.
Quarto
.
Price
6
d.
The
Declaration
and
Manifesto
of
the
Protestants
of
the
Vallies
of
Piedmont
,
called
the
Vaudois
,
to
all
Christian
Princes
and
States
,
of
the
Reasons
of
their
Taking
up
Arms
Just
now
,
against
the
Duke
of
Savoy
;
and
why
they
have
put
themselves
under
the
Protection
of
William
,
King
of
Great
Britain
,
and
of
the
Evangelical
Cantons
of
Suitzerland
.
Quarto
.
Price
2
d.
Remarks
upon
the
Dream
of
the
late
Abdicated
Queen
of
England
,
and
upon
that
of
Madam
the
Dutchess
of
La
Valiere
,
late
Mistress
to
the
French
King
,
and
now
Nun
of
the
Order
of
Bare-footed
Carmelites
at
Paris
.
By
Monsieur
Gurne's
Author
of
the
Harmony
of
Prophesies
,
&c.
Being
the
Paper
the
Publisher
whereof
was
Condemned
last
Month
to
be
Broken
alive
upon
the
Wheel
,
by
the
Parliament
of
Roan
.
Done
from
the
French
Copy
,
Printed
at
Amsterdam
.
Quarto
.
Price
6
d.
Several
Discourses
and
Characters
,
address'd
to
the
Ladies
of
the
Age.
Wherein
the
Vanities
of
the
Modish
Women
are
discovered
.
Written
at
the
Request
of
a
Lady
,
by
a
Person
of
Honour
.
Octavo
.
Price
2
s.
Arithmetical
Rules
,
with
Examples
;
briefly
comprised
for
the
benefit
of
Apprentices
especially
,
&c.
Twelves
.
Price
1
s.