A supplement to the treatise of watch & clock-work called The artificial clock-maker ... by W.D., M.A.
Derham, W. (William), 1657-1735.
1700
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A35726
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A supplement to the treatise of watch & clock-work called The artificial clock-maker ... by W.D., M.A.
Derham, W. (William), 1657-1735.
28, [2] p., [6] folded leaves of plates : ill.
Printed for James Knapton,
London :
1700.
"Wherein is contain'd, 1. The anatomy of a watch and clock, 2. Monsieur Romer's satellite-instrument : with observation concerning the calculation of the eclipses of Jupiter's satellites, and to find the longitude by them, 3. A nice way to correct pendulum watches, 4. Mr. Flamsteed's equation tables, 5. To find a meridian-line for the governing of watches, and other uses, 6. To make a telescope to keep a watch by the fixed stars."
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eng
Clock and watch making.
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A
SUPPLEMENT
TO
THE
TREATISE
OF
Watch
&
Clock-work
,
CALLED
The
Artificial
Clock-Maker
.
Wherein
is
Contain'd
,
1.
The
Anatomy
of
a
Watch
and
Clock
.
2.
Monsieur
Romer's
Satellite-Instrument
:
with
Observations
concerning
the
Calculation
of
the
Eclipses
of
Jupiter's
Satellites
,
and
to
find
the
Longitude
by
them
.
3.
A
nice
way
to
correct
Pendulum
Watches
.
4.
Mr
Flamsteed's
Equation
Tables
.
5.
To
find
a
Meridian-Line
for
the
Governing
of
Watches
,
and
other
Uses
.
6.
To
make
a
Telescope
to
keep
a
Watch
by
the
Fixed
Stars
.
By
W.
D.
M.
A.
LONDON
,
Printed
for
James
Knapton
,
at
the
Crown
in
St
Paul's
Church-yard
.
1700.
TO
THE
READER
,
UPon
a
review
of
my
Book
,
in
order
to
another
Edition
,
I
have
thought
it
necessary
to
add
some
things
,
and
to
make
some
small
amendments
in
the
body
of
the
Book
itself
.
And
because
I
think
it
a
piece
of
justice
owing
to
the
Buyers
of
the
first
Edition
,
that
I
should
endeavour
,
as
much
as
I
can
,
to
make
their
Edition
as
compleat
as
this
;
therefore
,
instead
of
inserting
what
this
Supplement
contains
into
proper
places
of
the
Book
,
I
have
rather
chosen
to
put
it
rhapsodically
together
;
and
taken
care
that
it
be
printed
so
,
as
to
be
bought
by
itself
at
a
small
price
.
Also
I
think
my self
obliged
,
to
be
at
the
pains
to
collect
the
most
material
alterations
,
and
amendments
which
I
have
made
in
my
Book
,
and
here
to
insert
them
in
this
Supplement
;
whereby
the
Reader
may
supply
with
his
Pen
(
if
he
pleaseth
)
what
is
wanting
in
the
first
Edition
.
The
Purchasers
both
of
the
first
and
of
this
Edition
will
(
we
hope
)
excuse
both
the
Bookseller
and
me
,
for
reducing
this
Edition
into
a
lesser
Volume
,
that
it
may
be
more
portable
for
the
Pocket
,
and
(
we
hope
)
both
Book
and
Supplement
too
,
cheaper
;
at
least
,
not
dearer
than
the
first
Edition
,
for
the
benefit
of
poor
workmen
.
Passages
wanting
in
the
first
Edition
.
PAge
5.
line
2.
after
pocket-watches
,
add
[
and
others
]
l.
4.
after
wheels
,
add
[
whence
it
hath
its
Name
]
l.
penult
.
dele
[
somtimes
.
]
P.
7.
After
l.
11.
add
[
the
Train
is
the
Number
of
Beats
which
the
Watch
maketh
in
an
hour
,
or
any
other
certain
time
.
]
P.
10.
l.
24.
after
Wheel
40
,
add
[
which
runs
concentrical
,
or
on
the
same
arbor
with
the
second
Pinion
5.
]
P.
12.
l.
3.
after
has
,
add
[
as
hath
been
said
.
]
P.
15.
l.
15.
add
in
the
Margin
[
see
Sect.
1.
§
.
3.
]
L.
23.
In
the
margin
add
[
See
Sect.
1
▪
§
.
4
]
P.
19.
l.
6.
add
in
the
Margin
[
See
§
.
4.
]
P.
20.
l.
20.
for
2196.
r.
20196.
P.
25.
l.
2.
after
Report
add
[
fixed
on
the
Great-wheel
.
]
P.
28.
l.
9.
add
in
the
Margin
[
Sect.
1.
§
.
3.
]
P.
30.
l.
22.
in
the
Margin
add
[
§
.
7
]
P.
34.
l.
14.
after
Report
add
[
and
the
Count-wheel
.
]
.
P.
35.
l.
12.
after
Rules
,
add
[
To
find
how
many
strokes
the
Clock
striketh
in
one
turn
of
the
Fusy
,
or
Barrel
.
L.
19.
after
Rule
2.
add
[
To
find
how
many
days
the
Clock
will
go
.
]
L.
27.
after
Rule
3.
add
[
To
find
the
number
of
turns
of
the
Fusy
or
Barrel
.
]
P.
36.
l.
21.
after
Rule
4.
add
[
To
fix
the
Pin.
of
Report
on
the
Spindle
of
the
Great-wheel
.
]
P.
38.
l.
8.
after
turns
,
add
[
of
the
Fusy
.
]
L.
25.
after
Then
,
add
[
(
if
you
make
the
Great-wheel
the
Pin-wheel
.
)
]
P.
53.
l.
9.
after
Motions
,
add
[
in
Watch
work
]
P.
57.
l.
17.
amend
thus
[
10
)
59
(
5
,
9
]
P.
58.
l.
26.
r.
[
round
by
a
]
P
75.
l.
penult
.
after
To
the
,
add
[
square
▪
of
the.
]
P.
112.
l.
20.
add
[
or
thus
with
16
turns
.
]
12
)
72
8
)
64
8
)
60
7
)
56
30
Fig.
1.
Fig.
1.
Page
5
.
th
in
the
Appendix
.
P.
122
,
to
§
3.
add
[
if
this
Crown-wheel
be
too
large
you
may
use
these
numbers
,
viz.
12
)
48
6
)
48
6
(
45
6
)
48
Seconds-hand
15
P.
126.
l.
24
after
Sextans
,
add
[
or
any
other
Telescope
.
]
P.
132.
l.
15.
after
2.
add
[
by
the
directions
in
Chap.
2.
Sect.
2.
§
.
5.
]
L.
18.
after
If
add
[
as
in
the
Movements
in
ch
.
10.
]
I.
An
Explication
of
the
Figures
.
Fig.
1.
Representeth
the
parts
of
a
Watch
and
Clock
described
in
the
Book
,
Ch.
1.
The
Wheels
,
&c.
on
the
right
hand
,
is
the
Watch-part
.
They
on
the
left
,
the
Clock-part
.
A.
A.
A.
A.
The
upper
Plate
of
the
Frame
:
which
you
may
imagine
to
be
transparent
(
as
of
glass
)
to
admit
of
a
Prospect
of
the
Wheel-work
underneath
it
.
B.
B.
B.
The
lower
Plate
of
the
Frame
.
C.
C.
C.
C.
The
Pillars
.
D.
D.
The
Spring-Boxes
of
the
Watch
,
and
Clock-part
.
E.
E.
The
Great-wheel
of
each
part
.
F.
F.
The
Fusy
of
each
part
,
about
which
the
Chain
,
or
String
is
wrapped
.
g.
g.
g.
g.
g.
g.
g.
The
Ratchet
of
each
part
.
a.
a.
a.
The
Hoop
,
or
Rim
of
the
Second
wheel
.
b.
b.
The
Cross
thereof
.
c.
The
Pinion
.
H.
The
Contrate-wheel
.
I.
The
Crown
▪
wheel
.
d.
d.
The
upper
and
lower
Pevet
thereof
.
K.
A
piece
of
Brass
,
in
which
the
Pevet-hole
is
,
in
which
the
Pevet
d.
playeth
.
L.
The
Pin-wheel
,
with
the
Striking-Pins
e.
e.
e.
e.
e.
M.
The
Detent-wheel
.
N.
The
Warning
wheel
,
or
fourth
wheel
.
O
The
Detent
.
P.
The
Lifting-piece
.
Q.
Q.
The
Fan
,
and
Flying-Pinion
.
R.
The
Bell.
S.
The
Hammer
.
T.
The
Hammertail
.
V.
V.
The
Chain
,
or
String
of
the
Watch
,
and
Clock
.
x.
The
Verge
or
Spindle
of
the
Ballance
,
or
Pendulum
.
y.
y.
y.
The
Rod
of
the
Pendulum
.
z.
The
Fork
.
2.
The
Flatt
.
3.
The
Great-Ball
.
4.
The
Corrector
or
Regulator
.
5.
5.
The
Pallets
.
II.
Fig.
2.
Rerpresenteth
the
Satellite
Instrument
of
Mons
.
Olaus
Romer
,
described
in
the
Book
,
page
109.
A.
B.
the
upper
Plate
of
the
Instrument
.
C.
D.
The
lower
Plate
.
K.
L.
An
Axis
,
or
Spindle
,
on
which
four
wheels
are
fixed
,
and
turn
round
with
it
,
and
with
the
Hand
L.
once
in
7
days
.
E.
F.
G.
H.
are
the
Sockets
,
or
hollow
Arbors
of
4
wheels
running
concentrically
.
The
hollow
Arbor
H.
carrieth
round
the
First-Satellite
p.
and
belongeth
to
the
Wheel
,
or
Pinion
22
,
which
is
driven
by
the
fixed
Wheel
87.
The
hollow
Arbor
G.
carrieth
round
the
Second-Satellite
S.
and
belongeth
to
the
Wheel
32
which
is
driven
by
the
wheel
63.
And
the
like
of
the
Arbors
F.
and
E.
Within
all
these
hollow
Arbors
is
another
fixed
one
included
,
on
the
top
of
which
is
a
Ball
(
I
)
representing
the
Planet
Jupiter
:
round
which
the
Satellites
move
,
represented
by
the
little
Balls
p.
s
.
t.
q.
This
Satellite-Instrument
may
be
added
to
a
Watch
,
by
causing
the
Great-wheel
or
Dial-wheel
to
drive
round
the
Arbor
K.
L.
once
in
7
days
.
To
do
which
there
are
sufficient
directions
given
in
the
preceding
Book
.
The
use
of
the
foregoing
Instrument
.
This
Satellite-Instrument
may
be
of
good
use
both
at
Sea
and
Land
to
assist
in
finding
the
longitude
by
Jupiter's
Satellites
:
partly
,
by
giving
notice
when
an
approaching
Eclipse
is
,
that
we
may
be
ready
with
a
Telescope
to
observe
it
;
and
partly
,
when
any
Eclipse
happeneth
,
to
shew
which
Satellite
it
is
that
is
eclipsed
,
which
is
difficult
to
be
seen
in
the
Heavens
:
and
partly
,
to
supply
the
place
of
Tables
,
or
Calculation
of
the
Satellite-Eclipses
,
which
it
may
do
for
a
little
while
,
but
it
must
not
long
be
trusted
unto
.
It
may
seem
foreign
to
my
subject
,
to
shew
how
the
Longitude
may
be
found
by
Jupiter's
Satellites
:
but
because
I
would
with
all
my
power
advance
this
way
(
which
far
transcends
all
others
yet
known
,
especially
that
of
the
Log-line
)
therefore
I
hope
the
Reader
will
excuse
this
Digression
.
The
way
to
find
the
Longitude
,
by
an
Eclipse
of
any
of
Jupiter's
four
Satellites
is
briefly
this
:
knowing
by
Tables
of
the
Satellite-Eclipses
(
suppose
such
as
Mr
Flamsteed
published
in
the
Philos
.
Transact
.
No
177
,
and
afterwards
gave
Parker
leave
to
publish
in
his
Almanacks
,
knowing
I
say
)
the
time
when
an
Eclipse
happeneth
in
any
one
part
of
the
World
;
observe
by
a
Telescope
,
at
what
time
the
same
Eclipse
happeneth
in
any
other
part
of
the
World
,
the
difference
of
time
giveth
the
difference
of
Meridians
.
Thus
a
total
Immersion
of
the
first
Satellite
was
observed
at
Rome
,
at
10
h.
07′
53″
p.
m.
Which
Mr
Flamsteed
notes
at
9
h.
15′
41″
.
The
difference
is
52′
12″
,
or
13
deg
.
03′
distant
from
the
Meridian
of
the
English
Observatory
,
where
Mr
Flamsteed
observ'd
it
.
I
once
had
thoughts
of
shewing
the
way
to
calculate
the
Eclipses
of
Jupiter's
Satellites
,
and
to
make
Tables
thereof
,
by
the
help
of
my
very
good
Friend
Mr
Flamsteed's
,
and
some
other
observations
:
but
considering
that
it
would
be
too
great
a
digression
,
and
especially
that
Monsieur
Cass●ni
hath
very
ingeniously
,
and
well
done
it
for
the
First
,
I
shall
therefore
refer
the
Reader
to
his
Tables
,
reduced
to
the
Meridian
and
Style
of
London
,
by
that
very
judicious
Mathematician
Mr
Halley
;
in
Philos
.
Trans
.
No
214.
The
Reader
,
I
hope
will
pardon
me
,
if
(
before
I
leave
this
digression
)
I
observe
a
few
things
which
may
be
of
use
,
not
only
in
the
Calculation
of
the
Eclipses
of
the
3
outermost
Satellites
,
but
also
may
contract
the
labour
of
Calculation
in
the
first
.
The
first
thing
to
be
observed
is
Jupiter's
place
.
For
if
he
be
on
his
Aphelion
,
he
moves
slowest
,
and
consequently
the
Satellites
make
their
returns
to
him
somewhat
sooner
,
than
when
he
is
on
his
Mean
distance
and
Perihelion
.
By
Mr
Flamsteed
▪
s
first
Tables
the
first
Satellite
makes
13
revolutions
to
Jupiter
,
when
he
is
on
his
▪
days
h
▪
′
″
Aphelion
in
—
23
00
10
30
Mean
distance
—
23
00
11
48
Perihelion
—
23
00
13
08
The
Second
Satellite
makes
10
Revolutions
when
Jupiter
is
on
his
days
h.
′
″
Aphelion
in
—
35
12
55
10
Mean-distance
—
35
12
59
00
Perehelion
—
35
13
03
15
The
Third
Satellite
makes
5
Revolutions
when
Jupiter
is
on
his
days
h.
′
″
Aphelion
in
—
35
19
50
15
Mean-distance
—
35
19
58
00
Perihelion
—
35
20
06
42
The
Fourth
,
or
furthermost
Satellite
makes
5
Revolutions
to
Jupiter
in
his
days
h.
′
″
Aphelion
in
—
82
17
42
55
Mean-distance
—
83
18
25
15
Perihelion
—
82
19
12
57
From
this
account
it
is
easy
to
compute
in
what
time
one
Revolution
of
any
Satellite
is
at
any
time
performed
:
which
is
the
next
thing
to
be
observed
.
Thus
in
Jupiter's
Mean-distance
the
Revolution
of
the
days
h.
′
″
First
Satellite
is
—
1
18
28
36
Second
—
3
13
17
54
Third
—
7
3
59
36
Fourth
—
16
18
05
03
The
Reader
may
himself
,
from
what
hath
been
said
,
compute
the
Periods
of
the
Satellites
in
Jupiter's
other
places
.
From
these
things
laid
down
,
it
is
easy
from
an
Eclipse
known
,
to
find
the
next
that
will
follow
.
For
if
you
add
one
,
or
more
Revolutions
,
you
have
the
Eclipses
following
.
Thus
for
example
,
July
12
this
year
1700
,
according
to
Mr
Flamsteed's
computation
,
the
first
Satellite
comes
out
of
Jupiter's
shadow
at
14
h.
18′
p.
m.
(
according
to
Mr
Cassini's
at
14
h.
20′
56″
p
m.
)
consequently
the
next
Emersion
is
on
Jul.
14th
past
8
of
Clock
in
the
evening
▪
If
you
add
4
Revolutions
,
another
Emersion
is
on
Jul.
21
at
10
h.
41′
nearly
p.
m.
as
here
is
exemplified
in
the
Margin
.
The
last
thing
I
shall
take
notice
of
concerning
the
Satellite
Eclipses
is
their
Durations
.
This
varies
according
as
Jupiter
is
nearer
unto
,
or
remoter
from
the
10th
degree
of
♒
or
♌
(
as
Mr
Flamsteed
says
.
)
About
which
points
are
the
Nodes
,
or
intersections
of
the
plane
of
the
Satellite
Orbit
and
Jupiter's
,
or
the
Jovial
Ecliptick
.
Mr
Cassini
makes
it
in
150
of
♒
or
♌
,
and
varies
in
the
length
of
the
Duration
of
the
Eclipses
.
But
according
to
Mr
Flamsteed
(
the
accuracy
of
whose
observations
is
not
to
be
distrusted
)
the
greatest
Semiduration
of
the
h
′
″
First
Satellite
is
1
9
28
Second
—
1
27
38
Third
—
1
48
55
Fourth
—
2
26
19
But
as
Jupiter
removeth
from
his
Nodes
,
the
Semidurations
diminish
.
And
when
▪
he
is
gotte
n
55
degrees
from
either
of
his
Nodes
,
the
Fourth
Satellite
passeth
clear
of
the
shadow
,
and
falleth
not
into
it
again
,
until
he
comes
within
55
degrees
of
the
opposite
Node
.
When
Jupiter
is
on
the
Limit
,
or
90
degrees
from
his
Nodes
,
the
Least
Semiduration
of
the
Eclipse
of
the
h
′
″
First
Satellite
is
1
6
49
Second
—
1
18
59
Third
—
1
17
33
From
this
account
of
the
Duration
of
the
Satellite
Eclipses
,
we
may
,
having
the
Immersion
into
Jupiter's
shadow
,
compute
the
Emersion
of
any
Satellite
out
of
his
shadow
:
or
contrariwise
,
which
will
be
of
use
to
see
both
the
beginning
and
end
of
any
Eclipse
,
when
visible
;
I
mean
,
when
not
hindred
by
Clouds
,
day
light
,
or
Jupiter's
body
.
Or
if
by
some
of
these
means
we
are
hindred
from
seeing
the
one
,
we
may
perhaps
hereby
see
the
other
.
Thus
(
for
instance
)
this
August
6.
1700.
the
first
Satellite
immerges
at
6
h.
44′
p.
m.
which
cannot
be
seen
,
not
only
by
reason
of
day
light
,
but
also
because
Jupiter's
shadow
lieth
a
little
to
the
left
of
his
body
;
but
if
you
add
one
whole
obscuration
(
viz.
twice
10h
.
9′
28″
the
emersion
you
will
find
visible
at
9
h
3′
according
to
Mr
Flamsteed
;
at
9
h.
4′
according
to
Monsieur
Cassini's
Tables
.
Another
instance
will
make
all
yet
more
plain
,
Oct.
19.
at
9
h.
50′
p
▪
m.
the
3d
Satellite
will
emerge
;
from
which
substracting
one
Obscuration
(
viz.
twice
1
h.
48
)
you
will
find
the
immersion
fall
at
6
h
▪
13
▪
p.
m.
Which
may
be
seen
,
by
reason
that
Jupiter
▪
is
at
a
good
distance
from
his
Opposition
to
the
Sun
,
so
that
the
shade
lies
so
far
on
the
left
hand
,
as
to
admit
of
seeing
the
3d
and
4th
Satellite
between
Jupiter's
body
and
his
shade
.
I
might
to
these
have
added
divers
other
remarks
,
particularly
concerning
the
Equation
of
Light
,
or
the
time
in
which
Light
passeth
from
the
Sun
to
Jupiter
,
which
is
at
last
settled
by
that
sagacious
Observer
,
so
often
before
mentioned
,
Mr
Flamsteed
.
But
I
must
forbear
,
fearing
that
I
have
already
wearied
the
Readers
patience
,
and
shall
need
▪
his
pardon
for
detaining
him
so
long
on
this
subject
,
from
so
small
an
occasion
,
as
only
a
Satellite
Instrument
of
Watch-work
.
But
I
was
willing
from
a
small
occasion
,
rather
than
not
at
all
,
to
say
something
to
excite
the
observations
and
enquiries
of
others
concerning
this
matter
,
which
may
be
of
vast
use
in
Navigation
,
making
and
correcting
Maps
of
Countries
,
&c.
Many
of
those
,
to
whom
this
matter
would
be
of
greatest
use
,
scarce
ever
heard
of
it
▪
and
others
(
except
Monsieur
Cassini
)
have
been
backward
in
favouring
the
World
with
their
observations
necessary
to
Calculation
.
It
is
indeed
a
novel
subject
,
and
full
of
difficulties
,
on
which
little
hath
been
written
,
and
concerning
which
the
first
material
observations
,
to
be
relied
on
,
were
Hodierna's
and
Mr
Rook's
.
Those
of
the
former
were
published
,
but
not
very
accurate
:
those
of
the
latter
were
more
accurate
,
but
not
published
,
and
neither
of
them
are
yet
50
years
old
.
But
neither
Novelty
nor
Difficulty
ought
to
discourage
the
curious
and
the
diligent
;
to
excite
whom
is
partly
the
design
of
this
digression
.
III.
To
correct
the
motion
of
Royal
Pendulums
.
IN
Chap.
5.
of
the
preceding
Book
,
I
judged
it
to
be
a
good
expedient
,
to
bring
a
Pendulum
to
vibrate
nicely
,
to
add
a
Bob
underneath
the
Pendulum
Ball.
This
I
have
since
found
to
succeed
so
much
according
to
expectation
,
that
I
think
it
frivolous
to
attempt
by
any
of
the
usual
ways
to
bring
a
large
single
Ball
to
vibrate
to
one
single
Beat
,
in
any
considerable
quantity
of
Time.
But
when
the
Great
Ball
is
brought
pretty
near
its
due
length
,
the
little
Regulating
Bob
will
nicely
perform
the
rest
.
The
Great
Ball
being
of
the
usual
weight
and
form
,
to
swing
Seconds
,
I
would
have
the
Corrector
,
or
Regulating
Bob
,
to
be
about
10
ounces
Troy
,
to
scrw
up
and
down
beneath
the
Ball
;
as
is
directed
in
Chap.
5
before
.
But
after
all
endeavours
of
this
kind
,
it
must
be
expected
,
that
the
Movement
will
still
be
exposed
to
the
influences
of
the
weather
,
and
the
alterations
caused
by
foulness
.
For
the
more
easy
and
quick
bringing
of
a
Pendulum
,
that
should
swing
Seconds
to
its
true
length
,
I
have
composed
the
following
Table
,
which
sheweth
the
alterations
which
will
be
made
in
24
hours
by
screwing
up
,
or
letting
down
the
great
Ball.
If
therefore
the
Ball
runs
upon
a
Rule
divided
into
inches
,
and
tenths
of
an
inch
,
't
is
easy
to
see
how
much
,
or
how
little
the
Ball
needeth
to
be
altered
.
Pendul
.
length
Variation
of
Vibrat
.
in
ten
Min.
Sec.
38
0
22
33
Faster
.
38
1
20
38
38
2
18
43
38
3
16
48
38
4
14
55
38
5
13
2
38
6
11
9
38
7
9
16
38
8
7
25
38
9
5
32
39
0
3
42
39
1
1
51
39
2
00
00
39
3
1
50
Slower
.
39
4
3
40
39
5
5
29
39
6
7
19
39
7
9
7
39
8
10
57
39
9
12
42
40
0
14
29
This
Table
will
need
little
explication
.
If
your
Ball
should
be
at
39
inches
2
tenths
,
it
would
swing
Seconds
.
If
you
alter
it
to
39
inches
,
1
tenth
,
it
would
go
1′
51″
faster
:
if
to
39
inches
3
tenths
,
it
would
go
1′
51″
slower
.
And
so
of
the
rest
of
the
Table
.
IV.
Of
the
Equation
of
Natural
Days
.
BY
reason
that
the
Sun's
motion
in
his
Orbit
is
not
equal
,
and
that
although
he
moved
equal
arches
of
the
Ecliptick
in
equal
times
,
yet
he
would
come
to
the
Meridian
with
unequal
arches
of
the
Equator
,
by
whose
equal
Revolutions
the
Equal
Time
is
measured
;
hence
(
I
say
)
it
will
happen
,
that
altho
a
Clock
should
go
so
exactly
,
as
at
the
years
end
to
agree
with
the
Sun
,
yet
it
will
vary
from
the
times
shewed
by
the
exactest
Sun-Dials
.
The
quantity
of
which
Variations
may
be
seen
in
the
following
Tables
for
every
day
in
the
year
.
For
which
Tables
I
am
greatly
obliged
to
that
most
accurate
Astronomer
Mr
Flamsteed
so
often
mentioned
.
These
Tables
need
but
little
explication
.
If
you
would
keep
your
Watch
to
the
Middle
or
Equal
motion
of
the
Sun
,
it
must
go
so
many
minutes
and
seconds
faster
or
slower
than
the
Sun-Dial
,
as
the
Tables
shew
.
But
if
you
would
keep
your
Watch
to
go
by
the
Sun-Dial
,
you
may
conclude
it
goes
well
,
if
it
loseth
or
gaineth
every
day
,
so
many
Seconds
as
you
will
find
in
the
Table
.
Thus
(
for
example
)
Jan.
1.
in
Leap
year
,
the
Watch
ought
to
be
8
min.
47
Sec.
faster
than
Mr
Flamsteed's
Tables
of
Aequation
of
Natural-Days
.
The
Bissextile
,
or
Leap-year
.
Jan.
Febr.
Marc.
April
.
May.
June
.
July
.
Aug.
Sept
▪
Octo.
Nov.
Dec.
M.
S.
M.
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
1
8
47
14
49
10
00
0
41
*
l*
4
10
0
59
*
4
47
4
26
8
58
13
22
15
19
5
28
too
2
9
10
14
48
9
43
0
24
4
11
0
47
4
55
4
16
4
19
13
36
15
10
4
59
3
9
32
14
46
9
26
0
8
4
12
0
34
5
2
4
5
4
39
13
49
15
01
4
31
4
9
54
14
43
9
9
0
7
4
13
0
22
5
9
3
54
5
00
14
2
14
50
4
2
5
10
15
14
40
8
51
0
22
4
12
0
10
5
15
3
43
5
20
14
14
14
38
3
33
6
10
36
14
36
8
33
0
37
4
11
0
03
*
5
20
3
31
Watch
5
41
14
26
14
26
3
3
slow
.
7
10
55
14
31
8
15
0
52
4
10
0
16
5
25
3
18
6
1
14
37
14
13
2
33
8
11
14
14
26
7
57
1
6
4
8
0
29
5
30
3
5
6
22
14
47
14
00
2
3
9
11
32
14
20
7
39
1
19
4
5
0
42
5
34
2
52
6
43
14
57
13
45
1
33
10
11
49
14
13
7
20
1
31
4
2
0
55
5
37
2
38
7
3
15
6
13
30
1
4
11
12
5
Watch
14
5
Watch
7
1
Watch
1
44
Watch
3
59
Watch
1
7
Watch
5
40
Watch
2
24
too
7
24
Watch
15
15
Watch
13
13
Watch
0
34
*
I*
12
12
22
13
57
6
43
1
57
3
54
1
20
5
43
2
9
7
44
15
24
12
56
0
4
13
12
37
13
48
6
24
2
9
3
50
1
33
5
45
1
54
8
4
15
30
12
38
0
26
14
12
51
13
39
6
05
2
19
3
45
1
46
5
45
1
38
8
24
15
36
12
19
0
56
15
13
5
13
29
5
46
2
30
3
39
1
59
5
46
1
22
8
43
15
42
12
00
1
26
16
13
18
too
13
18
too
5
27
too
2
41
too
3
33
too
2
11
too
5
46
too
1
5
fast
.
**
9
3
too
15
47
too
11
40
too
1
56
Watch.
17
13
30
13
7
5
9
2
51
3
26
2
23
5
45
0
48
9
23
15
51
11
20
2
25
18
13
41
12
56
4
50
3
0
3
19
2
35
5
44
0
31
9
42
15
54
10
59
2
34
19
13
51
12
44
4
31
3
8
3
11
2
47
5
42
0
13
10
2
15
57
10
37
3
23
20
14
0
12
32
4
13
3
16
3
3
2
59
5
40
0
5
10
21
15
59
10
14
3
52
21
14
9
fast
.
12
18
fast
.
3
54
fast
.
3
24
slow
.
2
54
slow
.
3
10
fast
.
5
37
fast
.
0
22
too
10
3
slow
.
16
00
slow
.
9
50
slow
.
4
21
too
22
14
17
12
5
3
36
3
32
2
46
3
22
5
33
0
40
10
5●
16
01
9
26
4
40
23
14
24
11
51
3
17
3
39
2
37
3
33
5
29
0
59
11
15
16
00
9
2
5
16
24
14
30
11
36
2
59
3
45
2
27
3
44
5
25
1
19
11
32
15
59
8
37
5
43
25
14
35
11
21
2
40
3
50
2
17
3
54
5
19
1
39
11
4●
15
57
8
11
6
11
26
14
39
11
5
2
22
3
54
2
6
4
4
5
13
1
58
slow
.
12
6
15
54
7
45
6
37
fast
.
27
14
43
10
50
2
5
3
58
1
56
4
13
5
07
2
17
12
22
15
50
7
19
7
3
28
14
46
10
34
1
47
4
2
1
45
4
22
5
0
2
37
12
37
15
46
6
52
7
29
29
14
47
10
17
1
30
4
5
1
34
4
31
4
52
2
57
12
5●
15
40
6
24
7
54
30
14
49
1
13
4
8
1
22
4
39
4
44
3
18
13
8
15
34
5
57
8
18
31
14
49
0
57
1
11
4
35
3
38
15
27
8
41
The
First
after
Leap-year
.
Jan.
Febr.
Marc.
April
.
May
June
.
July
Aug.
Sept.
Octob.
Nov.
Dec.
M.
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
1
9
4
14
48
10
4
0
45
*
I*
4
10
1
2
*
4
45
4
2
Watch
3
53
13
18
15
21
5
35
too
2
9
26
14
46
9
47
0
28
4
1●
0
50
4
53
4
18
4
14
13
32
15
13
5
6
3
9
48
14
44
9
30
0
12
4
12
0
37
5
0
4
8
4
34
13
46
15
3
4
38
4
10
10
14
41
9
13
0
●
4
13
0
25
5
7
3
57
4
55
13
59
14
53
4
9
5
10
31
14
37
8
55
0
1●
4
12
0
13
5
13
3
46
5
15
14
11
14
41
3
40
6
10
50
14
32
8
37
0
3●
4
11
0
0
*
5
18
3
34
too
5
36
14
23
13
29
3
10
slow
.
7
11
9
14
27
8
19
0
4●
4
10
0
13
5
24
3
2●
5
56
14
34
14
17
2
40
8
11
27
14
21
8
●
1
2
4
8
0
26
5
29
3
●
6
17
14
44
14
3
2
10
9
11
45
14
15
7
43
1
1●
4
6
0
39
5
33
2
5●
6
38
14
54
13
49
1
40
10
12
2
14
7
7
2●
1
2●
4
3
0
52
5
36
2
4●
6
58
15
4
13
34
1
11
11
12
18
Watch.
13
59
Watch
7
6
Watch
1
4●
Watch
4
0
Watch
1
4
Watch
5
39
Watch
2
27
fast
.
7
19
Watch
15
13
Watch
13
17
Watch
0
41
*
I*
12
12
34
13
50
6
47
1
54
3
56
1
17
5
42
●
13
7
39
15
22
13
0
0
11
13
12
47
13
41
6
28
2
6
3
51
1
30
5
44
1
58
7
59
15
28
12
43
0
19
14
13
2
13
31
6
10
2
1●
3
46
1
4●
5
45
1
4●
8
19
15
34
12
24
0
49
15
13
15
13
21
5
51
2
2
3
40
1
56
5
46
1
26
8
38
15
40
12
5
1
19
16
13
27
too
13
10
too
5
32
too
2
38
too
3
4
too
2
8
too
5
46
too
1
9
*
I*
8
58
too
15
45
too
11
45
too
1
49
Watch
17
13
38
12
59
5
14
2
4●
3
8
2
20
5
45
0
52
9
18
15
50
11
25
2
18
18
13
48
12
47
4
55
2
5●
3
21
2
32
5
44
0
35
9
37
15
53
11
4
2
47
19
13
58
12
35
4
36
3
●
3
13
2
44
5
42
0
17
9
57
15
56
10
42
3
16
20
14
7
12
22
4
17
3
14
3
5
2
56
5
40
0
1
10
16
15
58
10
20
3
45
21
14
15
fast
.
12
8
fast
.
3
58
fast
.
3
22
slow
2
56
slow
.
3
7
fast
.
5
38
fast
.
0
18
too
10
34
slow
.
15
59
slow
.
9
56
slow
.
4
14
too
.
22
14
22
11
54
3
42
3
30
2
48
3
19
5
34
0
36
10
5●
16
1
9
32
4
42
23
14
28
11
40
3
22
3
37
2
39
3
30
5
30
0
55
11
10
16
0
9
8
5
9
24
14
3
11
24
3
3
3
4
2
28
3
41
5
26
1
14
11
28
15
59
8
43
5
36
25
14
3
11
2
45
3
4
2
19
3
51
5
20
1
34
11
45
15
57
8
17
6
4
26
14
4
10
54
2
26
3
53
2
9
4
1
5
14
1
53
slow
.
12
2
15
55
7
51
6
30
fast
.
27
14
4
10
38
2
3
57
1
59
4
11
5
8
2
12
12
18
15
51
7
25
6
57
28
14
47
10
21
1
51
4
1
1
48
4
2●
5
2
2
32
12
33
15
47
6
59
7
33
29
14
48
1
34
4
4
1
37
4
29
4
54
2
52
12
49
15
41
6
31
7
48
30
14
49
1
17
4
7
1
25
4
37
4
46
3
13
13
4
15
35
6
3
8
12
31
4
49
●
1
1
1
14
4
●7
3
33
1●
2●
8
35
Place
these
Tables
in
the
Appendix
between
Page
18
and
19.
The
Second
after
Leap-year
.
Jan.
Feb.
Marc
April
▪
May
▪
June
.
July
.
Aug.
Sept.
Octob.
Nov.
Dec.
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
1
8
59
14
48
10
8
0
49
*
l*
4
9
1
5
4
43
4
30
3
48
13
14
15
23
5
42
too
2
9
21
14
47
9
5
0
32
4
11
0
53
4
51
4
20
4
9
13
28
15
15
5
13
3
9
43
14
45
9
3●
0
16
4
12
0
40
4
58
4
10
4
29
13
42
15
5
4
45
4
10
5
14
42
9
17
0
1
4
13
0
28
5
5
4
0
4
50
11
56
14
55
4
16
5
10
●6
14
38
8
●●
0
14
4
12
0
16
5
11
3
49
5
10
14
8
14
44
3
47
6
10
45
Watch
14
33
Watch
8
42
Watch
0
29
Watch
4
11
Watch
0
3
*
I*
5
17
Watch
3
37
Watch
5
31
Watch
14
20
Watch
14
32
Watch
3
17
slow
.
7
11
4
14
28
8
24
0
44
4
10
0
10
5
23
3
24
5
51
14
31
14
20
2
47
8
11
23
14
23
8
0
58
4
8
0
23
5
28
3
11
6
12
14
41
14
6
2
17
9
11
40
14
14
7
47
1
12
4
6
0
36
5
32
2
58
6
33
14
51
13
52
1
47
10
11
57
14
9
7
29
1
26
4
4
0
49
5
35
2
44
6
53
15
1
13
38
1
18
11
12
14
too
14
1
too
7
10
too
1
38
too
4
1
too
1
1
Watch
5
38
too
2
30
too
7
14
too
15
11
too
13
21
too
0
48
*
I*
12
12
30
13
52
6
52
1
51
3
57
1
14
5
41
2
16
7
34
15
20
13
4
0
18
13
12
44
13
43
6
33
2
3
3
52
1
27
5
43
2
2
7
54
15
26
12
47
0
12
14
12
58
13
34
6
15
2
14
3
47
1
40
5
45
1
46
8
14
15
32
12
28
0
42
15
13
12
13
24
5
56
2
24
3
41
1
53
5
46
1
30
8
33
15
38
12
9
1
12
16
13
24
fast
.
13
13
fast
.
5
37
fast
.
2
35
slow
.
3
35
slow
2
5
too
5
46
fast
.
1
13
fast
.
8
53
slow
.
15
44
slow
.
11
50
slow
.
1
42
Watch
17
13
35
13
2
5
18
2
46
3
29
2
17
5
45
0
56
9
13
15
49
11
30
2
11
18
13
46
12
50
5
0
2
56
3
23
2
29
5
44
0
39
9
32
15
52
11
9
2
40
19
13
56
12
37
4
41
3
4
3
15
2
41
5
42
0
21
9
52
15
55
10
47
3
9
20
14
5
12
25
4
22
3
12
3
7
2
53
5
40
0
3
10
11
15
57
10
25
3
38
21
14
1●
12
12
4
3
3
20
2
58
3
4
fast
.
5
38
0
14
too
10
30
15
59
10
2
4
7
too
22
14
20
11
57
3
44
3
28
2
50
3
16
5
35
0
31
10
48
16
1
9
38
4
35
23
14
27
11
43
3
26
3
35
2
41
3
27
5
31
0
50
11
6
16
0
9
14
5
2
24
14
32
11
28
3
8
3
42
2
31
3
38
5
27
1
9
11
24
15
59
8
49
5
29
25
14
37
11
13
2
49
3
47
2
21
3
48
5
22
1
29
11
41
15
57
8
23
5
57
26
14
41
10
58
2
31
3
52
2
11
3
59
5
16
1
49
slow
.
11
58
15
55
7
57
6
23
fast
.
27
14
44
10
42
2
13
3
56
2
1
4
9
5
10
2
7
12
14
15
52
7
31
6
50
28
14
47
10
25
1
55
4
0
1
51
4
18
5
3
2
27
12
29
15
48
7
5
7
16
29
14
48
1
38
4
3
1
40
4
27
4
56
2
47
12
45
15
43
6
38
7
41
30
14
49
1
22
4
6
1
28
4
35
4
48
3
8
13
0
15
37
6
10
8
6
31
14
49
1
5
1
17
4
39
3
28
15
31
8
29
The
Third
after
Leap-year
.
M
Jan.
Feb.
Marc.
April
.
May
June
.
July
.
Aug.
Sep.
Octob.
Nov.
Dec.
D
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
M
S
1
8
53
14
49
10
12
0
53
*
l*
4
9
1
8
4
41
4
32
3
43
13
11
15
25
5
49
too
2
9
15
14
47
9
54
0
36
4
10
0
56
4
49
4
23
4
4
13
25
15
17
5
20
3
9
37
14
45
9
38
0
20
4
12
0
43
4
57
4
13
4
24
13
39
15
8
4
52
4
9
59
14
42
9
21
0
4
4
13
0
31
5
4
4
2
4
45
13
53
14
58
4
23
5
10
20
14
39
9
4
0
11
4
12
0
19
5
10
3
51
5
5
14
5
14
4●
3
54
6
10
41
Watch
14
34
Watch
8
46
Watch
0
26
Watch
4
12
Watch
0
6
*
l*
5
13
Watch
3
40
Watch
5
26
Watch
14
17
Watch
14
35
Watch
3
25
slow
.
7
11
00
14
29
8
28
0
41
4
11
0
7
5
22
3
27
5
46
14
28
14
23
2
55
8
11
18
14
24
8
10
0
55
4
9
0
20
5
27
3
14
6
7
14
39
14
10
2
25
9
11
36
14
18
7
52
1
9
4
7
0
33
5
31
3
01
6
28
14
49
13
50
1
55
10
11
54
14
11
7
34
1
22
4
4
0
46
5
35
2
48
6
48
14
59
13
41
1
25
11
12
10
too
14
3
too
7
15
too
1
35
too
4
1
too
0
58
Watch
5
38
too
2
34
too
7
9
too
15
9
too
13
25
too
0
56
*
l*
12
11
26
13
54
6
56
1
48
3
58
1
11
5
41
2
20
7
29
15
18
13
8
0
26
13
12
41
13
45
6
38
2
0
3
53
1
24
5
43
2
5
7
49
15
25
12
51
0
4
14
12
55
13
36
6
19
2
11
3
48
1
7
5
45
1
50
8
9
15
31
12
33
0
34
15
13
9
13
26
6
0
2
22
3
43
1
30
5
46
1
34
8
29
15
37
12
14
1
4
16
13
21
fast
13
15
fast
5
41
fast
.
2
33
slow
.
3
37
slow
.
2
2
too
5
46
fast
.
1
17
fast
.
8
48
slow
.
15
43
slow
11
55
slow
1
34
Watch
17
13
33
13
4
5
23
2
43
3
31
2
14
5
45
1
0
9
8
15
48
11
35
2
4
18
13
43
12
53
5
4
2
52
3
24
2
26
5
44
0
43
9
28
15
52
11
14
2
33
19
13
53
12
41
4
45
3
1
3
17
2
38
5
43
0
26
9
47
15
5●
10
53
3
2
20
14
03
12
28
4
26
3
10
3
9
2
50
5
41
0
9
10
7
15
57
10
31
3
31
21
14
11
12
15
4
7
3
18
3
0
3
2
fast
5
39
0
9
*
too
10
25
15
59
10
8
4
0
too
22
14
18
12
1
3
49
3
26
2
52
3
13
5
36
0
27
10
43
16
0
9
44
4
28
23
14
25
11
47
3
31
3
33
2
43
3
25
5
32
0
46
11
1
16
1
9
20
4
56
24
14
31
11
32
3
1●
3
40
2
34
3
36
5
28
1
5
11
19
16
0
8
55
5
23
25
14
36
11
16
2
54
3
46
2
2
3
5
23
1
24
11
37
15
58
8
30
5
50
26
14
40
11
1
2
31
3
51
2
14
3
57
5
17
1
44
slow
11
54
15
56
8
4
6
17
fast
.
27
14
43
10
46
2
17
3
55
2
4
4
7
5
11
2
3
12
10
15
53
7
38
6
44
28
14
46
10
30
2
0
3
59
1
53
4
16
5
5
2
22
12
26
15
49
7
12
7
10
29
14
47
1
42
4
3
1
42
4
25
4
58
2
42
12
4●
15
44
6
45
7
36
30
14
48
1
25
4
6
1
31
4
33
4
50
3
3
12
5●
15
38
6
17
8
0
31
14
49
1
9
1
19
4
41
3
23
15
32
8
24
the
Sun
Dial
:
on
Jan.
2.
it
ought
to
be
9′
10″
,
&c.
If
you
would
know
on
the
same
days
,
whether
your
Watch
goes
well
,
when
kept
to
go
by
the
Sun-dyal
if
set
on
Jan.
1.
it
hath
gained
on
Jan.
2.
as
much
as
8′
47″
wanteth
of
9′-10″
.
viz.
23″
you
may
conclude
your
Watch
goes
well
.
Otherwise
you
must
screw
up
,
or
let
down
the
Ball
or
Corrector
,
until
it
loseth
,
or
gaineth
according
to
the
Equation
Tables
.
The
Tables
will
serve
for
many
years
,
being
mede
for
Bissextile
,
and
the
3
years
following
.
By
an
Almanack
therefore
,
or
any
other
way
,
knowing
the
Year
,
you
may
find
what
Table
you
are
to
use
all
that
year
.
By
reason
of
the
Refractions
,
or
some
error
in
the
Sun-Dial
,
it
may
be
convenient
to
compare
,
or
set
your
Watch
at
some
certain
hour
of
the
day
.
Noon
is
a
good
time
for
it
,
if
you
have
a
nice
Meridian-line
,
or
any
way
to
see
when
the
Sun
is
exactly
South
,
because
the
time
of
the
Day
is
not
at
all
then
varied
by
the
Refractions
,
in
Dials
that
cast
a
shade
.
V.
To
find
a
Meridian-Line
.
It
may
happen
that
we
may
be
at
a
Place
,
where
there
is
no
Sun
Dial
,
or
not
one
to
be
relied
upon
;
or
indeed
where
we
have
a
good
one
,
it
may
be
of
great
use
to
us
to
have
a
Meridian-Line
.
For
the
finding
of
which
there
are
divers
ways
,
but
I
shall
shew
only
two
.
The
first
is
,
draw
one
or
more
Circles
on
some
plain
,
as
on
the
bottom
of
a
Southern
Window
.
(
Or
you
may
make
the
center
on
the
Southern
edge
of
the
Window
,
and
draw
only
half
circles
.
)
Hang
up
a
Thread
and
Plumbet
exactly
over
,
or
in
the
center
of
the
Circles
.
By
a
Bead
or
two
sliding
up
and
down
the
Thread
,
mark
out
exactly
the
points
of
the
Circles
,
touched
by
the
Shade
of
the
Beads
in
some
of
the
Morning
Hours
(
the
longer
before
Noon
the
better
.
)
In
the
afternoon
when
the
same
shade
of
the
Beads
toucheth
the
circles
,
mark
that
point
,
or
points
also
.
A
line
drawn
thro
the
Center
,
and
in
the
middle
,
between
these
two
points
in
the
Circle
,
is
the
Meridian-line
,
or
near
so
.
If
you
can't
hang
up
a
Plumbet
,
a
Pin
set
exactly
upright
will
do
the
matter
.
Another
,
and
better
way
,
is
by
the
Pole
star
,
when
it
is
exactly
upon
the
Meridian
.
Or
if
but
near
so
,
the
error
will
not
be
great
.
You
may
find
the
time
when
the
Pole-star
comes
to
the
Meridian
,
by
Substracting
the
Suns
Right
Ascention
from
right
Ascention
of
the
Pole-star
,
and
turning
the
remainder
into
hours
,
minutes
and
seconds
,
allowing
to
every
degree
four
minutes
of
time
,
whereby
you
will
have
the
Apparent
time
,
when
the
Pole-star
comes
on
the
Meridian
above
the
Pole.
I
scarce
need
to
observe
,
that
the
time
when
it
comes
under
the
Pole
is
12
hours
distant
.
You
may
shorten
your
labour
by
using
Tables
of
the
Sun
's
right
ascention
in
Time
,
which
you
may
find
in
Sir
J.
Moor's
Mathem
.
Compendium
.
Note
,
If
the
Sun's
R.
Ascention
exceeds
the
Pole-stars
R.
A.
you
must
add
24
hours
to
the
Pole-star's
R.
A.
&
then
substract
.
The
right
ascention
of
the
Pole-Star
is
determined
by
Mr
Flamsteed
0
h
33′
.
▪
44″
of
time
in
the
year
1690
,
and
the
increase
of
its
R.
Ascention
1′
.
16″
of
time
in
10
years
.
Therefore
this
present
Year
1700
its
true
R.
Ascention
is
0
h
35′
.
00″
of
time
.
If
the
unlearned
Reader
should
think
this
way
difficult
,
he
may
see
when
the
Pole-Star
comes
near
the
Meridian
,
by
hanging
up
a
Line
and
Plumbet
,
and
observing
when
the
first
Star
in
the
Great-Bear's
tail
,
next
her
Rump
,
comes
under
the
Line
on
one
side
of
the
Pole
,
or
when
the
Plumb-line
intersects
the
Star
in
Cassiopeia's
Knee
on
the
other
side
of
the
Pole.
When
the
Pole-star
is
found
to
be
on
the
Meridian
,
if
you
hang
up
two
strings
with
Plumbets
,
between
the
Pole-Star
and
your
eye
,
this
will
be
a
Meridian-line
,
to
see
when
the
Sun
comes
to
the
Meridian
.
Or
you
may
do
it
with
a
Crevis
between
two
boards
,
or
plates
of
Metal
,
almost
touching
one
another
.
Or
(
which
is
a
better
way
)
with
a
pair
of
Sights
,
such
as
Surveyors
use
(
but
much
longer
)
with
a
Crevis
in
one
Sight
next
the
eye
;
and
a
large
aperture
in
the
other
with
a
fine
Ca●s
▪
gut
string
down
the
middle
.
These
should
be
counter-changed
,
so
as
to
look
either
at
the
Pole-star
by
night
;
or
the
other
way
at
the
Sun
by
day
.
Page
22d
.
Appendix
▪
Fig.
3.
Fig.
2.
Your
instrument
being
thus
prepar
d
,
plant
it
in
some
convenient
place
,
where
you
may
see
the
Pole
star
,
by
night
,
and
the
Sun
by
day
.
When
the
Pole-star
is
on
the
Meridian
,
look
thro
the
Sight
with
the
bigger
Hole
,
and
turn
the
whole
instrument
about
until
you
see
the
opposite
Plumb
line
intersect
the
Pole-star
.
Take
care
at
the
same
time
,
that
the
Plumb-lines
hang
so
as
to
intersect
the
Sights
.
Your
instrument
,
thus
plac'd
,
standeth
nicely
in
the
Meridian
,
so
as
to
see
when
either
Sun
,
Moon
,
or
Stars
come
on
the
Meridian
.
When
you
look
by
night
,
't
is
necessary
that
a
Candle
should
shine
on
the
Plumb-line
,
that
you
may
see
it
.
If
you
look
at
the
Sun
,
you
must
guard
your
eye
against
the
Sun-beams
with
a
coloured
Glass
,
or
one
blackened
with
the
smoak
of
a
Candle
.
I
had
almost
forgotten
,
to
say
that
it
matters
not
much
what
length
the
bottom
piece
,
A.
B.
is
of
(
but
the
longer
the
better
)
provided
that
the
Plumb-lines
are
high
enough
to
see
the
Pole-star
,
and
the
Sun
in
the
Summer
Solstice
,
or
any
time
of
the
Year
.
If
the
bottom
piece
be
2
feet
long
▪
the
Plumb-lines
had
need
to
be
near
4
feet
.
This
instrument
is
very
serviceable
to
several
purposes
:
particularly
1.
To
see
the
Southing
of
the
Sun
,
or
Moon
:
which
you
may
do
with
great
exactness
.
You
may
see
nicely
when
the
very
edge
of
the
Sun
or
Moon
toucheth
the
Meridian
,
and
whilst
all
their
body
is
passing
it
.
2.
You
may
see
what
Stars
are
,
at
any
time
,
on
the
Meridian
,
either
Northward
or
Southward
,
and
so
find
the
hour
of
the
night
.
3.
You
may
with
all
exactness
continue
your
Meridian-line
for
many
Miles
,
if
you
please
,
by
looking
thro
either
Sight
,
and
seeing
what
objects
the
Plumb-lines
intersect
.
4.
If
you
would
be
still
more
nice
,
you
may
apply
a
Telescope
to
this
Meridian
Instrument
,
by
placing
,
for
the
Eye-glass
a
Convex
glass
,
of
a
convenient
Focus
at
a
due
distance
between
the
Plumb-line
and
either
Sight
,
so
as
thro
the
Sight
to
see
the
Plumb-line
thro
the
Convex
glass
(
or
Eye-glass
.
)
And
at
a
convenient
distance
from
the
Instrument
place
another
Convex-glass
for
the
Object-glass
.
5.
If
I
am
not
much
mistaken
this
Meridian-Instrument
may
as
well
(
and
being
made
Telescopulous
)
much
better
serve
the
design
of
trying
whether
the
Meridian
differeth
or
not
;
which
some
have
experimented
with
more
trouble
and
expence
than
this
instrument
comes
to
.
6.
This
Instrument
is
very
easily
brought
to
the
Meridian
.
For
whether
it
stands
upright
,
aside
,
or
any
other
way
,
still
the
Plumb-lines
may
be
brought
easily
to
their
due
place
.
7.
This
instrument
is
prepared
with
little
cost
or
trouble
;
it
may
be
carried
from
place
to
place
;
or
imitated
where-ever
there
is
occasion
to
correct
either
Sun
Dial
or
Watch.
A
Table
,
shewing
the
Time
when
the
Pole-Star
is
on
the
Meridian
.
M.
January
.
February
.
March.
April
.
August
.
Septemb.
October
.
Novemb.
Decemb.
D.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min.
Hour
.
Min
Hour
.
Min.
5
4
45
Morning
.
2
40
Morning
.
0
51
Morn
.
10
55
Evening
.
2
54
Morning
.
1
1
Morn
.
11
8
Evening
.
9
6
Evening
.
6
57
Evening
.
10
4
23
2
21
0
33
10
37
2
34
0
42
10
49
8
46
6
35
15
4
3
2
2
0
15
10
18
2
17
0
24
10
30
8
25
6
13
20
3
42
1
43
11
54
Even
.
9
59
1
58
0
6
10
11
8
3
5
5●
25
3
22
1
24
11
35
9
40
1
40
11
47
Even
9
50
7
41
5
29
30
3
00
11
17
9
21
1
22
11
29
9
30
7
20
5
7
This
Table
is
intended
for
the
unskilful
Reader
,
to
whom
it
may
be
of
use
for
some
years
.
But
it
will
in
time
run
out
,
by
reason
of
the
increase
of
the
Pole-star's
R.
Ascention
,
Leap
year
,
&c.
The
Hour
and
Minute
when
the
Pole-star
comes
on
the
Meridian
is
shewn
every
fifth
day
.
But
in
May
,
June
,
and
July
it
cannot
be
seen
,
when
it
is
on
the
Meridian
,
by
reason
of
Daylight
.
The
Table
will
be
sufficiently
explained
by
an
Example
or
two
.
Jan.
5.
The
Pole-star
comes
to
the
Meridian
at
45
minutes
after
4
of
clock
in
the
morning
;
at
which
time
you
may
set
your
Meridian-Instrument
.
So
you
may
do
the
same
,
on
Mar.
20th
at
54
,
after
11
of
clock
at
night
,
at
which
time
also
the
Pole-star
is
on
the
Meridian
.
VI.
To
make
a
Telescope
for
the
Government
of
Watches
.
In
chap.
11.
I
mentioned
a
Telescope
for
the
governing
a
Watch
by
the
Fixed
Stars
.
And
because
it
is
the
nicest
way
I
have
mentioned
(
by
reason
you
may
see
a
Star
pass
at
one
Beat
of
a
Pendulum
)
therefore
I
shall
here
describe
the
way
to
make
such
a
Telescope
,
as
is
needful
for
this
purpose
.
Prepare
your self
with
two
Convex
glasses
:
the
one
(
for
the
Object-glass
)
to
have
its
Focus
,
or
Cons
about
6
feet
,
or
according
to
the
length
you
intend
your
Telescope
:
the
other
glass
(
for
the
eye
▪
glass
)
about
2
or
3
inches
.
Lodge
these
Glasses
in
a
Tube
of
thin
boards
,
pastboard
,
or
what
you
think
fit
.
Between
the
Object
and
Eye-glass
,
at
the
focal
distance
of
the
Eye-glass
(
viz.
about
3
inches
)
place
two
fine
Hairs
or
Threads
across
,
so
as
to
be
seen
clearly
when
you
look
thro
the
Eye-glass
.
Let
there
be
an
aperture
near
these
cross
hairs
,
that
the
light
of
a
Candle
may
shine
on
them
,
in
the
night
,
when
you
look
at
a
Star.
It
is
convenient
that
the
Eye-glass
and
Cross-Hairs
or
Threads
,
should
be
lodged
in
a
short
lesser
Tube
by
themselves
,
so
as
to
go
into
,
and
slide
backward
and
forward
,
in
the
end
of
the
larger
Tube
;
whereby
you
may
set
the
Eye-glass
and
Cross-Strings
nearer
unto
,
or
farther
off
from
the
Object-Glass
.
Also
there
must
be
a
conical
Socket
of
Wood
before
the
Eye-glass
,
such
as
is
usual
in
all
Telescopes
,
to
look
thro
:
but
its
perforation
must
be
very
small
,
so
as
only
to
give
you
leave
to
see
the
Star
through
it
.
Your
Telescope
being
thus
prepared
,
you
must
plant
it
for
observation
,
as
is
directed
in
the
foregoing
Book
.
BOOKS
printed
for
James
Knapton
at
the
Crown
in
St
Paul's
Church-yard
.
A
New
Voyage
round
the
World.
Describing
particularly
the
Isthmus
of
America
,
several
Coasts
and
Islands
in
the
West-Indies
,
the
Isles
of
Cape
Verd
,
the
Passage
by
Terra
del
Fuego
,
the
South
Sea
Coasts
of
Chili
,
Peru
,
and
Mexico
;
the
Isle
of
Guam
one
of
the
Ladrones
,
Mindanao
,
and
other
Philippine
and
East-India
Islands
near
Cambodia
,
China
,
Formosa
,
Luconia
,
Celebes
,
&c.
New
Holland
,
Sumatra
,
Nicobar
Isles
;
the
Cape
of
Good
Hope
,
and
Santa
Hellena
.
Their
Soil
,
Rivers
,
Harbours
,
Plants
,
Fruits
,
Animals
,
and
Inhabitants
.
Their
Customs
,
Religion
,
Government
,
Trade
,
&c.
By
William
Dampier
.
Vol.
the
first
,
illustrated
with
particular
Maps
and
Draughts
.
The
Fourth
Edition
,
Corrected
.
Voyages
and
Descriptions
.
Vol.
II.
In
Three
Parts
,
viz.
1.
A
Supplement
of
the
Voyage
round
the
World
,
describing
the
Countries
of
Tonquin
,
Achin
,
Malacca
,
&c.
their
Product
,
Inhabitants
,
Manner
,
Trade
,
Policy
,
&c.
2.
Two
Voyages
to
Campeachy
;
with
a
Description
of
the
Coast
,
Product
,
Inhabitants
,
Logwood
Cutting
,
Trade
,
&c.
of
Jucatan
,
Campeachy
,
New
Spain
,
&c.
3.
A
Discourse
of
Trade-winds
,
Breezes
,
Storms
,
Seasons
of
the
Year
,
Tides
and
Currents
of
the
Torrid
Zone
throughout
the
World
;
with
an
Account
of
Natal
in
Africk
,
its
Product
,
Negro's
,
&c.
By
Captain
William
Dampier
,
Illustrated
with
particular
Maps
and
Draughts
.
To
which
is
added
,
A
General
INDEX
to
both
Volumes
.
The
second
edition
.
A
Short
view
of
the
Principal
Duties
of
the
Christian
Religion
.
With
plain
Arguments
to
perswade
to
the
sincere
and
speedy
practice
of
them
.
To
which
is
added
,
a
Prayer
suited
to
the
whole
,
to
be
used
Morning
and
Evening
.
By
a
Divine
of
the
Church
of
England
,
for
the
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Confirmation
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worthy
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Sacrament
.
Very
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Parents
,
&c.
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give
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Children
,
or
others
committed
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their
care
.
By
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By
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Teacher
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Mathematicks
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Octavo
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FINIS
.
Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
Notes for div A35726-e350
Philos
.
Trans
.
Dec.
1685.
No.
117.
days
h.
′
″
July
12
14
18
00
1
Revol
.
1
18
28
36
July
14
8
46
36
4
Revol
.
7
1
54
24
July
21
10
41
00