# bib

id: 740
author: Calhoun, John C. (John Caldwell)
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3387
sentence: 86
flesch: 45
cache: cache/740.txt
txt: txt/740.txt
title:
  Remarks of Mr. Calhoun of South Carolina on the bill to prevent the interference of certain federal officers in elections: delivered in the Senate of the United States February 22, 1839

summary:
  It is a gross error to confound the *exercise* of sovereign powers with *sovereignty* itself, or the *delegation* of such powers with the *surrender* of them. Whatever difference of opinion may exist upon other points, there is one on which I should suppose there can be none; that this bill rests upon principles which, if carried out, will ride over State sovereignties, and that it will be idle for any advocates hereafter to talk of State rights.


id: 613
author: Japan
title: The Constitution of the Empire of Japan, 1889
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 3420
sentence: 193
flesch: 61
cache: cache/613.txt
txt: txt/613.txt
summary:
  The expenditures of the Imperial House shall be defrayed every year out of the National Treasury, according to the present fixed amount for the same, and shall not require the consent thereto of the Imperial Diet, except in case an increase thereof is found necessary. No modification of the Imperial House Law shall be required to be submitted to the deliberation of the Imperial Diet.


id: 612
author: Japan
title: The Constitution of Japan, 1946
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 5073
sentence: 300
flesch: 61
cache: cache/612.txt
txt: txt/612.txt
summary:
  We believe that no nation is responsible to itself alone, but that laws of political morality are universal; and that obedience to such laws is incumbent upon all nations who would sustain their own sovereignty and justify their sovereign relationship with other nations. However, it cannot include penal provisions in such cabinet orders unless authorized by such law.


id: 10805
author: Daggett, David
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 11130
sentence: 379
flesch: 58
cache: cache/10805.txt
txt: txt/10805.txt
title:
  Count the Cost An Address to the People of Connecticut, On Sundry Political Subjects, and Particularly on the Proposition for a New Constitution

summary:
  A friend to the rights of man seems to feel no alarm at the idea that one who exhausts his earnings in the grog-shop, should have an influence in elections in proportion to strength of his lungs, or his activity in intrigue, but he is greatly agitated from an apprehension that men who have property to protect, will not promote the well being of society. Men who regard their property, their liberty and their lives, will not yield them a willing sacrifice to the demands of the ambitious and unprincipled--men who faced danger and braved death during a seven years war--men whose veins are warm with the blood of their venerable ancestors who planted this happy state, and defended it amidst innumerable hardships and calamities--men who deem their birthright sacred--their own freedom valuable, and their children dear as their own blood, will not calmly, nor cowardly suffer those who have no claims but their impudence, to storm their fortress and to capture them.


id: 5984
author: Anonymous
title: The British North America Act, 1867
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 13939
sentence: 737
flesch: 63
cache: cache/5984.txt
txt: txt/5984.txt
summary:
  The Parts of the Province of Canada (as it exists at the passing of this Act) which formerly constituted respectively the Provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada shall be deemed to be severed, and shall form two separate Provinces. All Powers, Authorities, and Functions which under any Act of the Parliament of Great Britain, or of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of the Legislature of Upper Canada, Lower Canada, Canada, Nova Scotia, or New Brunswick, are at the Union vested in or exerciseable by the respective Governors or Lieutenant Governors of those Provinces, with the Advice, or with the Advice and Consent, of the respective Executive Councils thereof, or in conjunction with those Councils, or with any Number of Members thereof, or by those Governors or Lieutenant Governors individually, shall, as far as the same continue in existence and capable of being exercised after the Union in relation to the Government of Canada, be vested in and exerciseable by the Governor General, with the Advice or with the Advice and Consent of or in conjunction with the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, or any Members thereof, or by the Governor General individually, as the Case requires, subject nevertheless (except with respect to such as exist under Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain or of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) to be abolished or altered by the Parliament of Canada.


id: 36145
author: Spooner, Lysander
title: No Treason, Vol. VI.: The Constitution of No Authority
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 19784
sentence: 655
flesch: 61
cache: cache/36145.txt
txt: txt/36145.txt
summary:
  He sees, too, that other men practice this tyranny over him by the use of the ballot. If I have intrusted him, as my agent, with either absolute power, or any power at all, over the persons or properties of other men than myself, I thereby necessarily make myself responsible to those other persons for any injuries he may do them, so long as he acts within the limits of the power I have granted him.


id: 10065
author: Beck, James M. (James Montgomery)
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 34127
sentence: 1185
flesch: 54
cache: cache/10065.txt
txt: txt/10065.txt
title:
  The Constitution of the United States A Brief Study of the Genesis, Formulation and Political Philosophy of the Constitution

summary:
  Thinly veiled, his plan contemplated an elective king with greater powers than those of George III, an imitation House of Lords and a popular House of Commons with a limited tenure. In other governments, these fundamental decencies of liberty rest upon the conscience of the legislature.


id: 4351
author: Bagehot, Walter
title: The English Constitution
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 98478
sentence: 3918
flesch: 63
cache: cache/4351.txt
txt: txt/4351.txt
summary:
  A certain state passes before them; a certain pomp of great men; a certain spectacle of beautiful women; a wonderful scene of wealth and enjoyment is displayed, and they are coerced by it. Traders have no bond of union, no habits of intercourse; their wives, if they care for society, want to see not the wives of other such men, but better people, as they say--the wives of men certainly with land, and, if Heaven help, with the titles.


id: 40861
author: Madison, James
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 134330
sentence: 7482
flesch: 69
cache: cache/40861.txt
txt: txt/40861.txt
title:
  The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 1

summary:
  That the jurisdiction of the inferior tribunals shall be to hear & determine in the first instance, and of the supreme tribunal to hear and determine in the dernier resort, all Piracies & felonies on the high seas, captures from an enemy: cases in which foreigners or Citizens of other States applying to such jurisdictions may be interested, or which respect the collection of the National revenues; impeachments of any national officers, and questions which may involve the national peace and harmony. 11 No State shall grant letters of marque & reprisal or enter into treaty or alliance or confederation nor grant any title of nobility nor without the Consent of the Legislature of the United States lay any impost on imports--nor keep troops or Ships of War in time of peace--nor enter into compacts with other States or foreign powers or emit bills of Credit or make any thing but Gold Silver or Copper a tender in payment of debts nor engage in War except for self defence when actually invaded or the danger of invasion be so great as not to admit of a delay until the Government of the United States can be informed thereof--& to render these prohibitions effectual the Legislature of the United States shall have the power to revise the laws of the several States that may be supposed to infringe the Powers exclusively delegated by this Constitution to Congress & to negative & annul such as do. 12 The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges & immunities of Citizens in the several States--Any person charged with Crimes in any State fleeing from justice to another shall on demand of the Executive of the State from which he fled be delivered up & removed to the State having jurisdiction of the offence.


id: 41095
author: Madison, James
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 153028
sentence: 9523
flesch: 69
cache: cache/41095.txt
txt: txt/41095.txt
title:
  The Journal of the Debates in the Convention which Framed the Constitution of the United States, May-September 1787. Volume 2

summary:
  Washington, George, Va., attends convention, i., 1; elected president of convention, 3; thanks convention for election, 3; Pierce's sketch of, 3, n.; rebukes member for losing his notes, 48, n.; John Jay's letter to, ii., 48, n.; Knox's letter to, 158, n.; urges increase in representation, iv., 392; asks instructions concerning journals, 397. Williamson, Hugh, N. C., attends convention, i., 2; objects to election of executive by districts, 57; Pierce's sketch of, 57, n.; moves impeachability of executive, 65; favors limiting Senate to twenty-five members, 95; opposes indefinite power of negative on state laws, 103; favors proportional representation, 114; favors states paying representatives, 210; moves that number in Senate be fixed, 235; favors six years' term for Senators, 236; thinks rights of small states not menaced, 253; favors committee on representation in Senate, 291; opposes compromise proposed, 361; thinks Senate better able to consider money bills than House, 309; thinks proposed representation unfair to southern states, 324; favors reducing representation of northern states, 324; amends motion fixing periodical census, 330; thinks New Hampshire representation too large, 348; opposes election of executive by people, 378; opposes eligibility of executive to re-election, ii., 8, 41; opposes election of executive by electors, 8; favors six years' term for executive, 9; moves number of electors be based on Representatives, 10; moves electors be paid out of national treasury, 17; suggests national officers take oath to support state governments, 30; favors ratification of constitution by conventions, 35; favors voting per capita in Senate, 38; dislikes single executive, 41; suggests voting for three persons for executive, 54; favors forbidding national capital at state capital, 66; seconds motion to limit negative of each branch of legislature on the other, 91; moves representation in House based on taxation, 110; favors reconsidering question of money bills, 116; thinks provision for filling vacancies in Senate necessary, 117; insists upon guarding qualifications of Senators, 125, 131; thinks provision on money bills should be retained, 141; moves nine years' citizenship for Representatives, 144; opposes eligibility of members of legislature to other offices, 163; moves postponement of question of money bills, 171; moves to make three-quarters of legislature necessary to overcome executive negative, 176; thinks exports should not be taxed, 179; thinks state lands ought to be given up, 193; appointed on grand committee, 193; favors restrictions on army, 195; moves quotas of states be determined, 211; opposes apportionment of taxation by representation, 212; thinks states should not have power to tax exports, 213; thinks slave trade should be left to states, 223; on committee on navigation acts, 225; thinks prohibition of _ex post facto_ laws unnecessary, 228; thinks discussion of negative of state laws unnecessary, 237; doubts if judiciary can impartially decide controversies between states, 241; opposes slavery, but wishes union, 251; on committee of August 25, 254; moves to postpone question of executive succession, 256; seconds motion to make it impossible for states to levy imposts, 265; moves clause of articles of confederation as to state acts, 267; favors commercial regulations by two-thirds vote, 270; thinks question of new states should be left to legislature, 275, 278; on committee of August 31, 292; thinks ineligibility of members of legislature should extend to offices created during their term, 295, 296; objects to President's dependence on Senate in appointments, 302; moves to reconsider representation, 307; objects to Senate electing President, 308, 310, 315; moves election of President by one-third of all electors, 310; moves electors voting be the only ones counted, 311; favors separate provision for re-electing President, 313; moves seven years' term for President, 316; moves six years' term for President, 316; thinks electors should meet at seat of government, 317; suggests eventual election of President by whole legislature, voting by states, 318; thinks Vice-President unnecessary, 326; thinks treaties of peace important, 330, 332; thinks treaties may be made without majority of people, 333; opposes requirement that treaties be ratified by majority of whole Senate, 334; proposes that notice of treaties to Senators be required, 335; thinks Senate will lean towards President, 336; moves increase in representation in House of Representatives, 338; moves that old Congress sanction constitution, 346; favors two-thirds vote to override President's negative, 361; fears too many laws, 362; moves provision for juries in civil suits, 363; moves increase of representation, 369; seconds motion against direct tax, 375; suggests signing letter only, 393. Wilson, James, Pa., attends convention, i., 1; nominates William Temple Franklin for secretary of convention, 3; Pierce's sketch of, 3, n.; favors election of Representatives by the people, 41, 205; favors election of Senators by the people, 44, 95; favors a single executive, 49, 50, 67; favors election of executive by the people, 53, 55, ii., 6, 47; favors three years' term for executive, i., 54; moves election of executive by district electors, 56; opposes an executive council, 68; favors negative by executive on legislature, 69, 71; favors creation of inferior judiciary, 73, 82; favors inclusion of judiciary in power of negative, 75; opposes appointment of judges by legislature, 77; favors ratification by plurality of States, 81; favors election of Representatives by the people, 84; favors preservation of state governments for local purposes, 90; favors inclusion of judiciary in revisionary power, 91, ii., 17, 25; favors election to Senate by districts, i., 98; favors absolute negative in legislature, 104; favors proportional representation, 113, 115, 257; favors representation by free inhabitants, 119; thinks voting in Senate should be on same plan as in House, 121; opposes Jersey plan, 146; opposes Hamilton plan, 185; insists that states are dependent on each other, 188; favors two branches of legislature, 198; thinks state governments may encroach on national government, 201; favors one-year term for Representatives, 207; favors national compensation of Representatives, 211; moves that compensation be fixed by legislature, 212; opposes age limit for Representatives, 214; opposes ineligibility of Representatives to other offices, 214, 220; opposes elections to Senate by state legislatures, 233; favors six years' term for Senators, 237; favors nine years' term for Senators, 243; opposes eligibility of Senators to state offices, 247; opposes sending for New Hampshire delegates, 272; opposes representation by states in Senate, 273; admits question of number of Senators is embarrassing, 280; opposes committee on representation in Senate, 291; moves question of voting in Senate, 308; opposes originating money bills in House, 309, 312; opposes yielding equal vote in Senate to small states, 314; thinks representation of western states should be based on property, 320; thinks wealth an impracticable rule of representation, 334; opposes inclusion of three-fifths of blacks as basis of representation, 339; favors guaranty of republican government to the states, 342; moves that representation be according to direct taxation, 344; favors representation based on free inhabitants and three-fifths of slaves, 344; favors adjusting taxation to representation, 349; thinks equal vote in Senate favored by minority, 355; insists that numbers are correct basis for representation, 355; thinks small states would abandon plea of equality in taxes and troops, 356; thinks originating money bills in House of little consequence, 356; insists on proportional representation in Senate, 362; favors non-interference of national government with state police, 371; opposes election of executive by the people, 375; opposes election of executive by legislature, 377; favors appointment of judges by executive, 384; favors continuance of old Congress till new government starts, 390; favors guaranty to states of republican government and against violence, 392; favors impeachability of executive, ii., 11; thinks departments should act separately, 24; thinks oath of allegiance unnecessary, 30; opposes election of executive by legislature, 43; suggests election of executive by members of national legislature selected by lot, 44, 47; on committee to report constitution according to resolutions, 48; favors specifying general principles for executive, 56; opposes disqualification from legislature of persons having unsettled accounts, 64; thinks time of meeting of legislature should be fixed, 93; favors winter as time for meeting of legislature, 95; thinks suffrage in the States should not be prescribed by legislature, 96; favors requiring Representatives to be inhabitants, 108; opposes requirement of seven years' inhabitancy for Representatives, 108, 109; thinks question of representation by free inhabitants premature, 114; opposed to originating money bills in House, 115; reviews question of citizenship of Representatives, 116; objects to vacancies in Senate being filled by state executives, 116; thinks provision as to money bills of no value to large states, 118, 120; opposes fourteen years' residence as necessary for Senators, 123; moves to reconsider requirement of seven years for Representatives, 132; thinks number for quorum should not be small, 134; thinks publication of legislative journal necessary, 138; moves four years' citizenship for Representatives, 142; insists Representatives need not be natives, 145; thinks new government bound by Pennsylvania's promises to foreigners, 148; moves seven years' citizenship for Senators, 149; thinks people will disapprove members of legislature holding other offices, 164; thinks good men will refuse legislature if debarred from other offices, 165; seconds motion to have acts revised by executive and judiciary, 172; thinks legislature will swallow up powers of government, 175; favors making three-fourths of legislature necessary to overcome executive negative, 176; explains difference between duties and imposts, 177; thinks exports may be taxed, 179; opposed to power to emit bills of credit, 182; thinks it unnecessary to define felonies, etc., 185; thinks law of felonies, etc., ought to be declared, 185; moves that treason be against United States, 205; thinks treason may be against a state, 206; thinks proof of treason may be difficult, 207; favors power to tax exports, 215; seconds motion to tax exports by two-thirds of legislature, 217; thinks slaves should be taxed, 222; favors commitment of question of navigation acts, 225; thinks prohibition of _ex post facto_ laws unnecessary, 228; thinks Senate should not make appointments, 235; thinks negative of state laws unnecessary, 237; objects to Senate's power to make treaties, 239; thinks judiciary may decide controversies between states, 242; seconds motion for election of executive by the people, 243; thinks larger states should have larger share in election of executive, 295; thinks Senate should not have separate voice in election of executive, 246; thinks state legislatures will order federal offices filled by state appointment if permitted, 247; thinks pardon before conviction may be necessary, 255; opposes removability of judges on application of legislature, 257; explains appellate power of judiciary, 260; doubts if suspension of right of habeas corpus is ever necessary, 262; moves legislature be prohibited from paying debts in anything but coin, 262; thinks states should not interfere with contracts, 263; objects to treating fugitive slaves as criminals, 267; favors interstate validity of state acts, 267; on committee to consider subject, 268; favors commercial regulations by majority vote, 271; thinks majority may regulate formation of new states, 277; thinks new states may be formed without consent of old, 278; opposes motion to guarantee public lands, 281; proposes ratification by seven states, 284; prefers ratification by eight states to nine, 285; thinks constitution binding only on ratifying states, 285; moves that ratification be by majority of people and states, 287; thinks state power over other states' acts not unusual, 293; opposes ineligibility of members of legislature to other offices, 296; approves plan of electing executive, 302; thinks it unnecessary to give each House power over privileges of its members, 304; moves eventual election of President by whole legislature, 309; thinks eventual election of President by Senate dangerous, 313; moves to include House of Representatives in treaty-making power, 327; objects to Senate's participation in appointments, 328; objects to participation of two-thirds Senate on treaties, 329, 334; favors executive council, 332; favors ratification of treaties with majority of Senate, 333; thinks less than two-thirds Senate may ratify treaties of peace, 333; opposed to President convening either house of legislature, 338; moves amendments be with consent of two-thirds of states, 341; substitutes three-fourths, 341; opposes reconsideration of ratification clause, 343; thinks old Congress need not sanction constitution, 345; moves to strike out direct taxes, 367; thinks legislature should not define offences against law of nations, 372; seconds motion in favor of canals, 372, 373; favors national university, 374; thinks accounts should be published from time to time, 376; thinks executive may pardon for treason, 382; favors depositing convention journal with president, 397. Wythe, George, Va., attends convention, i., 2; appointed on committee on rules, 4; submits report of committee on rules, 5; Pierce's sketch of, 5, n.; offers additional rules, 12. Y Yates, Robert, N. Y., attends convention, i., 1; Pierce's sketch of, 1, n.; on committee on compromise on representation, 292; leaves convention, 298, n. Yeas and nays. Blair, John, Va., attends convention, i., 1; Pierce's sketch of, 1, n. Blount, William, N. C., attends convention, i., 189; announces he will sign constitution, ii., 394; Pierce's sketch of, 394, n. Bowen, Jabez, signs address from Rhode Island, i., 11, n. Brearley, David, N. J., attends convention, i., 1; favors equal vote of states in national legislature, 109; Pierce's sketch of, 109, n.; moves that New Hampshire delegates be sent for, 272; opposes election of executive by joint ballot, ii., 243; seconds motion to elect executive by states, 244; on committee of August 31, 292; reports from committee, 292, 296, 304; seconds motion against amendments, 386. Broome, Jacob, Del., attends convention, i., 1; favors nine years' term for Senators, 238; insists upon equal representation for New Jersey in Senate, 327; opposes adjournment on question of representation, 368; opposes seven years' term for executive, 379; Pierce's sketch of, ii., 8, n.; seconds motion to postpone clause fixing term of executive, 44; seconds motion to except army and navy from disqualification from legislature, 166; thinks legislature can fix their own compensation, 168; favors same compensation for both houses of legislature, 170; thinks national government should punish for treason, 206; seconds motion in favor of national negative of state laws, 236; moves reference of question of term of executive, 245. Brown, John, signs address from Rhode Island, i., 11, n. Brown, Nicholas, signs address from Rhode Island, i., 11, n. Butler, Pierce, S. C., attends convention, i., 2; moves secrecy of proceedings, 10; Pierce's sketch of, 11, n.; moves debate on national government, 33; wants explanation of personnel of Senate, 43; fears deprivation of state powers, 46; favors single executive, 66; opposes absolute negative in executive, 72; proposes power of suspending legislation for executive, 75; opposed to institution of inferior judiciary, 83, 388; opposes indefinite negative of state laws by legislature, 106; favors wealth as basis of representation, 115, 120, 307, 321; thinks Senators should have no compensation, 129; thinks Senate should have power to originate money bills, 132; moves vote on compensation of legislature, 213; favors ineligibility to all other offices of Representatives, 214; opposes ineligibility of Representatives to offices created during their term, 218; thinks candidates for office will not be wanting, 222; moves question of representation in Senate, 235; opposes ineligibility of Senators to state offices, 246; opposes report of compromise committee on representation, 298; moves increase in representation of South Carolina, 325; insists upon inclusion of blacks in representation, 331; thinks slave labor as productive as free labor, 331; favors representation by population, 341; demands security for slavery, 352; thinks powers of legislature loosely defined, 366; opposes frequent elections of executive, ii., 9; favors election of executive by electors chosen by state legislatures, 52; opposes re-eligibility of executive, 52; moves to refer question of executive to committee of detail, 56; favors fixing plan for national capital, 67; thinks question of suffrage should be left to states, 97; moves three years' inhabitancy for Representatives, 110; thinks money bills should originate in House, 115; favors long inhabitancy for Senators, 122; urges postponement of clause concerning eligibility of members of legislature to other offices, 166; favors state compensation for members of legislature, 167; opposes power to emit bills of credit, 181, 183; thinks President should have power to declare war, 188; moves that legislature have power to declare peace, 189; thinks militia should be under national control, 196; favors adjustment of taxation to representation, 212; opposes federal power over exports, 214, 224; moves discrimination in paying creditors, 238; moves reconsideration of question of discharging debts, 241; thinks creditors should stand where they are, 249; on committee of August 25, 254; moves that fugitive slaves and servants be surrendered, 267, 274; favors commercial regulations to be made by two-thirds vote, 271; thinks new states should not be made without consent of old states, 276; thinks nine states may ratify constitution, 285; on committee of August 31, 292; thinks election of executive by electors objectionable, 302; favors making treaties of peace without President, 330; thinks Congress must sanction state export duties, 366; dislikes form of signing, 396, n. C Canals, provision for, proposed.


id: 1404
author: Jay, John
title: The Federalist Papers
extension: .txt
mime: text/plain
words: 192865
sentence: 5961
flesch: 48
cache: cache/1404.txt
txt: txt/1404.txt
summary:
  The result from all this is that the Union ought to be invested with full power to levy troops; to build and equip fleets; and to raise the revenues which will be required for the formation and support of an army and navy, in the customary and ordinary modes practiced in other governments. It is a misfortune incident to republican government, though in a less degree than to other governments, that those who administer it may forget their obligations to their constituents, and prove unfaithful to their important trust.


