to the inhabitants of the county of cornwall a letter of thanks from king charles i of ever blessed memory, dated sept. 10, 1643 from sudly castle. charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a32143 of text r26594 in the english short title catalog (wing c2835). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 2 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a32143 wing c2835 estc r26594 09506334 ocm 09506334 43358 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a32143) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 43358) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1327:9) to the inhabitants of the county of cornwall a letter of thanks from king charles i of ever blessed memory, dated sept. 10, 1643 from sudly castle. charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 1 broadside. s.n., [s.l : 1643] reproduction of original in the huntington library. eng great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649. cornwall (england : county) -history. a32143 r26594 (wing c2835). civilwar no to the inhabitants of the county of cornwall, a letter of thanks from king charles i. of ever blessed memory, dated sept. 10. 1643. from sud england and wales, 1625-1649 : charles i 1650 376 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-12 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-12 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion to the inhabitants of the county of cornwall , a letter of thanks from king charles i. of ever blessed memory , dated sept. 10. 1643. from svdly castle . carolus rex , we are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merits of our county of cornwall , of their zeal for the defence of our person , and the just rights of our crown , in a time when we could contribute so little to our own defence , or to their assistance ; ( in a time , when not only no reward appeared , but great and probable dangers were threatned to obedience and loyalty ) of their great and eminent courage and patience in their indefatigable prosecution of their great work against so potent an enemy , backt with so strong , rich and populous cities , and so plentifully furnished with men , arms , money , ammunition and provisions of all kinds ; and of the wonderful success with which it hath pleased almighty god ( though with the loss of some eminent persons , who shall never be forgotten by us to reward their loyalty and patience ) by many strange victories over their and our enemies , in despite of all humane probabilities and all imaginable disadvantages ; that as we cannot be forgetful of so great deserts , so we cannot but desire to publish to all the world , and perpetuate to all time the memory of their merits , and of our acceptance of the same . and to that end , we do hereby render our royal thanks to that our county in the most publick and lasting manner we can devise , commanding copies hereof to be printed and published , and one of them to be read in every church and chapel therein , and to be kept for ever as a record in the same , that as long as the history of these times , and of this nation shall continue , the memory of how much that county hath merited from us and our crown , may be derived with it to posterity . given at our camp at sudly castle the tenth of september 1643. charles r. wee are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our county of cornwall, of their zeale for the defence of our person, and the just rights of our crowne ... proclamations. 1643-09-10 england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a79148 of text r225683 in the english short title catalog (wing c2874). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 2 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a79148 wing c2874 estc r225683 99896966 99896966 135754 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a79148) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 135754) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2457:6) charles r. wee are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our county of cornwall, of their zeale for the defence of our person, and the just rights of our crowne ... proclamations. 1643-09-10 england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 1 sheet ([1] p.) y leonard lichfield, printer to the vniversity, printed at oxford : 1643. title taken from opening lines of text. dated at end: given at our campe at sudeley castle the tenth of september. 1643. arms 37; steele notation: of gable at. reproduction of original in the folger shakespeare library, washington, d.c. eng great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649 -early works to 1800. great britain -politics and government -1642-1649 -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -history -early works to 1800. a79148 r225683 (wing c2874). civilwar no charles r. wee are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our county of cornwall, of their zeale for the defence of our person, an england and wales. sovereign 1643 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-12 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-12 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion c r honi soit qvi mal y pense royal blazon or coat of arms charles r. wee are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our county of cornwall , of their zeale for the defence of our person , and the just rights of our crowne , ( in a time when we could contribute so little to our own defence or to their assistance ; in a time when not only no reward appeared , but great and probable dangers were threatned to obedience and loyalty ; ) of their great and eminent courage and patience in their indefatigable prosecution of their great work against so potent an enimy , backt with so strong , rich , and populous citties , and so plentifully furnished and supplied with men , armes , mony , ammunition and provision of all kinds ; and of the wonderfull successe with which it hath pleased almighty god ( though with the losse of some most eminent persons , who shall never be forgotten by vs ) to reward their loyalty and patience by many strange victories over their and our enimies , in despight of all humane probability , and all imaginable disadvantages ; that as we cannot be forgetfull of so great deserts , so we cannot but desire to publish to all the world , and perpetuate to all time the memory of these their merits , and of our acceptance of the same . and to that end , we doe hereby render our royall thankes to that our county , in the most publike and most lasting manner we can devise , commanding copies hereof to be printed and published , and one of them to be read in every church and chappell therein , and to be kept for ever as a record in the same , that as long as the history of these times , and of this nation shall continue , the memory of how much that county hath merited from vs and our crowne , may be derived with it to posterity . given at our campe at sudeley castle the tenth of september . 1643 . printed at oxford , by leonard lichfield , printer to the vniversity . 1643. a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament for the protection of sir george chudleigh, sir john northcott, sir samuel rolle, and sir nicholas martyn, in the countie of devon, who have lately beene proclaimed traytors by his majestie. england and wales. parliament. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a94462 of text r211564 in the english short title catalog (thomason 669.f.5[118]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 3 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a94462 wing t1422 thomason 669.f.5[118] estc r211564 99870280 99870280 160830 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a94462) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 160830) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 245:669f5[118]) a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament for the protection of sir george chudleigh, sir john northcott, sir samuel rolle, and sir nicholas martyn, in the countie of devon, who have lately beene proclaimed traytors by his majestie. england and wales. parliament. 1 sheet ([1] p.) decemb. 21. london printed for iohn wright in the old-bayly, [london] : 1642. may also have been printed as part of: true newes from devonshire and cornwall. place of publication from wing (2nd ed.). "die martis, 20 decemb. 1642. it is further ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament, that this declaration be forthwith printed, and published in all parish churches, and chappels, in the county of devon, by the vicars, and curates thereof. iohn browne cler. parliament." reproduction of the original in the british library. eng chudleigh, george, -sir, ca. 1578-1657 -early works to 1800. martin, nicholas, -sir, 1593-1653 -early works to 1800. northcote, john, -sir, 1599-1676 -early works to 1800. rolle, samuel, fl. 1657-1678 -early works to 1800. treason -great britain -early works to 1800. devon (england) -history -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -history -early works to 1800. great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649 -early works to 1800. a94462 r211564 (thomason 669.f.5[118]). civilwar no a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament: for the protection of sir george chudleigh, sir john northcott, sir samuel r england and wales. parliament. 1642 434 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2007-06 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-06 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-07 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2007-07 emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament : for the protection of sir george chudleigh , sir john northcott , sir samuel rolle , and sir nicholas martyn , in the countie of devon , who have lately beene proclaimed traytors by his majestie . whereas his majesty hath set forth and commanded to bee published in the countie of devon , divers printed papers in the forme of proclamations , whereby sir george chudleigh , sir iohn northcott , baronets , sir samuel rolle , sir nicholas martyn , knights , persons wel-affected to the publique , are without any processe of law or judgement proclaimed traytors , who have carefully performed their duties in assisting the parliament , and opposing those wicked councellors and cavaliers about the king , which endeavour the distruction of our religion , & desolation of this land , the lords and commons in parliament do declare , that the said printed papers in the forme of proclamations , and the publishing thereof are against the lawes of this kingdome , and that such persons as have beene , or hereafter shall be proclaimed traytors by the said printed papers , or any others of the like nature , shall be defended and protected by the power and authority of parliament , from any damage or prejudice to their persons , or estates , by reason or colour of any such printed papers , or proclamation heretofore published , or which shall be hereafter published or contrived against them , and the said lords & commons , do hereby strictly forbid the publishing of any such printed papers or proclamations , & do authorise and require all officers , and others his majesties good subjects , to apprehend and to bring in safe custody to the parliament , and to seize the goods and profits of the lands , to be accomptable for the same to both houses of parliament , all such persons as have already published , or which hereafter shall publish , any such printed papers or proclamations , to the end , they may receive due punishment for their offences . die martis , 20. decemb. 1642. it is further ordered by the lords and commons assembled in parliament , that this declaration be forthwith printed , and published in all parish churches , and chappels , in the county of devon , by the vicars , and curates thereof . iohn browne cler. parliament . decemb. 21. london printed for iohn wright in the old-bayly . 1642. the case of william coryton, esq; for the burrough of michell in the county of cornwall. to be heard on monday the 25th of november, 1689. 1689 approx. 2 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2009-10 (eebo-tcp phase 1). b01933 wing c1193 estc r171037 52211976 ocm 52211976 175544 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. b01933) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 175544) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 2739:54) the case of william coryton, esq; for the burrough of michell in the county of cornwall. to be heard on monday the 25th of november, 1689. coryton, william, esq. 1 sheet ([1] p.) s.n., [london : 1689] caption title. publication data suggested by wing. imperfect: one word obliterated in ink. reproduction of the original in the lincoln's inn library. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the text encoding initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). the eebo-tcp project was divided into two phases. the 25,363 texts created during phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 january 2015. anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. users should be aware of the process of creating the tcp texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. text selection was based on the new cambridge bibliography of english literature (ncbel). if an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in ncbel, then their works are eligible for inclusion. selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng england and wales. -parliament. -house of commons -contested elections -early works to 1800. elections -corrupt practices -england -cornwall -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -politics and government -17th century -early works to 1800. broadsides -england -17th century. 2008-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-07 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-09 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-09 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the case of william coryton , esq for the burrough of michell in the county of cornwall . to be heard on monday the 25 th . of november , 1689. that a new writ being ordered to issue for the choice of a burgess to serve in parliament for the said burrough , in the stead of charles fanshaw , esq the said writ was accordingly taken out by the petitioner humphry courtney , esq or his agents , the twenty fifth , of june last , but detained in their own hands without delivering the same to the sheriff to be executed , although often thereunto requested , until about the eighteenth of september ; at which time the petitioner , and the said mr. coryton stood candidates , and the said mr. coryton was thereupon duely elected by the majority of the burgesses and inhabitants electors of the said burrough ; the said mr. coryton having twenty three votes , and the said mr. courtney but nineteen , as appeas by the poll. and the said mr. coryton was accordingly returned by the port reeve , the proper officer of the said burrough , and his indenture annexed to the said writ , and returned by the high sheriff . yet notwithstanding the faireness of such election , the said mr. courtney to put the said mr. coryton , to , further trouble and charges , hath 〈◊〉 presented a petition complaining of an undue and and false return , pretending that he had the majority of well quallified electors ; whereas in truth and in fact , the said mr. coryton was duely chosen and elected , as well by the majority of the said burgesses and inhabitants of the said burrough , as by the majority of the said burgesses and inhabitants of the said burrough paying scot and lot. all which the said mr. coryton will make out at the hearing before the committee . to the kings most excellent majestie, the humble petition of the countie of cornvvall this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a45024 of text r36806 in the english short title catalog (wing h3501a). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a45024 wing h3501a estc r36806 16137728 ocm 16137728 104790 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a45024) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 104790) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1594:14) to the kings most excellent majestie, the humble petition of the countie of cornvvall charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 1 broadside. imprinted at london by robert barker ... and by the assignes of john bill, [london] : 1642. at foot: his majesties answer to the petition of cornwall, at the court at york. 26. june 1642. reproduction of original in the harvard university library. eng oaths -england. great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649. cornwall (england : county) -history. a45024 r36806 (wing h3501a). civilwar no to the kings most excellent majestie, the humble petition of the countie of cornvvall [no entry] 1642 684 2 0 0 0 0 0 29 c the rate of 29 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the c category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-11 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-01 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-02 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-02 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion to the kings most excellent majestie the humble petition of the countie of cornvvall . we your majesties most loyall subjects in all duty render unto your majestie all thankfulnesse for your majesties unexempled favour and grace in granting unto your subjects , by the concurrence with your parliament , such lawes and freedoms , which have most fully expressed your majesties gracious goodnesse unto your people ; and we most thankfully receive your majesties free offer of a generall pardon , whereof we most humbly desire to be made partakers . and we most humbly beseech your majestie , never to suffer your subjects to be governed by an arbitrary government , nor admit an alteration in religion . and your petitioners being most feelingly grieved for your majesties discontents ( partly occasioned by divers scandalous pamphlets , and seditious sermons , and no way lessened by unlawfull tumults ) do wish a confluence of all comforts , honour and happinesse unto your majestie , and do most heartily pray for the reconcilement between your majestie and your parliament : and in all humble thankfulnesse for your majesties said grace and goodnesse , your petitioners do offer themselves most ready to maintain and defend with their lives and fortunes your majesties sacred person , honour , estate and lawfull prerogative against all persons whatsoever , according to the oaths of supremacy , and allegiance . cornub . iohn grills high sheriffe . warwick lord mohun . sir iohn trelawney knight and baronet . sir william wrey knight and ba●onet . iohn arundell of trerise esq. charles trevanion esq . walter langdon esq . peter courtney esq . samuel cosowarth esq . richard prideaux esq . iohn arundell esq . renatus billot esq . francis iones esq . robert rous esq . edward trelawney esq . nevil blighe esq . william bastard esq . charles grills esq . nathanael dillon esq . william arundell gent. william courtney gent. edward courtney gent. walter glin gent. edward cook gent. hugh pomeroy esq . ambrose billot gent. iohn samuel gent. nichol . kendall major of lostwithyell . obadiah ghoship cler. iohn kette cler. thomas harrison cler. thomas porter cler. simon lann cler. iohn peter cler. george brush cler. barnard achim gent. theophilus laugherne gent. william guavas gent. nicholas sawell gent. william robinson gent. thomas robinson gent. ioseph iolly gent. thomas tre●r gent. the foresaid gentlemen subscribed at lostwithyell unto the petition directed to his majestie , together with seven thousand more , esquires , gentlemen , freeholders and other inhabitants which subscribed and subsigned the said petition in their severall parishes . ❧ his majesties answer to the petition of cornwall , at the court at york . 26. june 1642. his majestie is so very well pleased with the duety and affection of this petition , that he hath commanded me to signifie his good acceptance of it , and thanks for it to the county of cornwall , and to assure them , that as he will be alwayes ready to increase the happinesse of his people , by consenting to such good new laws , as shall be proposed to him for their advantage , so he will be forward to venture his life in maintenance of the religion and laws established , which he doubts not , with the assistance of the petitioners , and other his good subjects he shall be able to defend : his majestie will be ready to grant such a generall pardon to the petitioners as they desire ; and will no longer expect the continuance of their duety and affection , then himself continues true to those professions he hath so often made of maintaining and defending the religion and laws of this kingdom . falkland . ¶ imprinted at london by robert barker , printer to the kings most excellent majestie : and by the assignes of john bill . 1642. his maiesties declaration to all his loving subiects in the county of cornwall, &c. england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a78725 of text r211973 in the english short title catalog (thomason 669.f.7[37]). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 5 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 1 1-bit group-iv tiff page image. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a78725 wing c2236 thomason 669.f.7[37] estc r211973 99870638 99870638 161019 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a78725) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 161019) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 245:669f7[37]) his maiesties declaration to all his loving subiects in the county of cornwall, &c. england and wales. sovereign (1625-1649 : charles i) charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 1 sheet ([1] p.) by leonard lichfield, printer to the vniversity, printed at oxford : 1643. an expression of gratitude for their loyalty and patience. dated at end: given at our campe at sudeley castle the tenth of september. 1643. includes: the agreement of the maior, aldermen, and inhabitants of the towne of tenby. with engraving of royal seal at head of document. annotation on thomason copy: "15. sept: 1643.". reproduction of the original in the british library. eng great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649 -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -history -17th century -early works to 1800. tenby (wales) -history -17th century -early works to 1800. a78725 r211973 (thomason 669.f.7[37]). civilwar no his majesties declaration to all his loving subiects in the county of cornwall, &c. england and wales. sovereign 1643 737 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2008-03 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2008-08 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2008-09 mona logarbo sampled and proofread 2008-09 mona logarbo text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion his maiesties declaration to all his loving subiects in the county of cornwall , &c. charles r. vve are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our county of cornwall , of their zeale for the defence of our person , and the just rights of our crowne , ( in a time when we could contribute so little to our own defence , or to their assistance ; in a time when not onely no reward appeared , but great and probable dangers were threatned to obedience and loyalty , ) of their great and eminent courage and patience in their indefatigable prosecution of their great worke against so potent an enemy , backt with so strong , rich and populous ciries , and so plentifully furnished with men , armes , money , ammunition and provision of all kinds ; and of the wonderfull successe with which it hath pleased almighty god ( though with the the losse of some eminent persons , who shall never be forgotten by vs ) to reward their loyalty and patience by many strange victories over their and our enemies , in despight of all humane probability , and all imaginable disadvantages ; that as we cannot be forgetfull of so great deserts , so vve cannot but desire to publish to all the world , and perpetuate to all time anp memory of these their merits , and of our acceptance of the same . and to that end , vve do hereby render our royall thanks to that our county in the most publike and lasting manner vve can devise , commanding copies hereof to be printed and published , and one of them to be read in every church and chappell therein , and to bee kept for ever as a record in the same , that as long as the history of these times , and this nation shall continue , the memory of how much that county hath merited from vs and our crown , may be derived with it to posterity . given at our campe at sudeley castle the tenth of september . 1643. 15 sept : 1643 the agreement of the maior , aldermen , and inhabitants of the towne of tenby . vvee the major , aldermen , and inhabitants of tenby , doe hereby humbly declare , that wee will be alwayes obedient to the kings majesties royall commands , and will serve him with our lives and fortunes , and assist him against all rebells , and rebellions whatsoever , and will submit to his majesties authority , now placed in the right honourable richard earle of carbery , lord lieutenant generall of the counties of pembrock carmarthen , and cardigan , the towne and countie of haverfordwest , and the townes of pembrocke and tenby , and withall will heartily contribute to his majesties service , to the best of our abilities ; and we doe farther declare and ingage our selves upon the faith of loyall subjects , that we will not receive into our townes any garrison , force , or person whatsoever sent or to be sent thither from any who now are , or hereafter shall be , in rebellion against his majesty , under the name of the forces of king and parliament , but will dutifully receive and imbrace all such armed forces and garrisons as our said lord lieutenant generall shall thither send or command for the safe guarding of the said towne for the use & service of his sacred majesty . for assurance whereof we have hereunto fixed our common seale , and subscribed our names this thirtieth day of august . 1643. thomas wyatt major . david hammond . fran. long . rice prickard . john rogers . robert browne . richard jewell . walter sherburne . david palmer . thomas barret . rice barrow . richard wyatt . griffeth gibbon . iohn barrow . iohn sounder . henry gibbs . lewis bishop . david stowell . thomas stephens . william record . iohn stone . iohn poyer . mich. sutton . iohn henton . silvanus griffith . iohn hammond . richard williams . nicholas horsam . iohn thomas phillip davis . rice gitto , bartho. king . printed at oxford , by leonard lichfield , printer to the vniversity . 1643. the humble petition of the county of cornwall to the kings most excellent majestie subscribed by above seven thousand hands : with his majesties answer thereunto : whereunto is added the oaths of allegiance and supremacie. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a45025 of text r7426 in the english short title catalog (wing h3502). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 10 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 5 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a45025 wing h3502 estc r7426 13513463 ocm 13513463 99856 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a45025) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 99856) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 791:31) the humble petition of the county of cornwall to the kings most excellent majestie subscribed by above seven thousand hands : with his majesties answer thereunto : whereunto is added the oaths of allegiance and supremacie. charles i, king of england, 1600-1649. 8 p. printed for t. warren, london : 1642. reproduction of original in huntington library. eng oath of allegiance, 1606. oaths -england -early works to 1800. oaths -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -history -17th century -sources. a45025 r7426 (wing h3502). civilwar no the humble petition of the county of cornwall, to the kings most excellent majestie. subscribed by above seven thousand hands. with his maje [no entry] 1642 1468 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a this text has no known defects that were recorded as gap elements at the time of transcription. 2005-10 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2005-11 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2005-12 andrew kuster sampled and proofread 2005-12 andrew kuster text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-01 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the humble petition of the county of cornwall , to the kings most excellent majestie . subscribed by above seven thousand hands . with his majesties answer thereunto . whereunto is added , the oaths of allegiance and supremacie . london , printed for t. warren . 1642. to the kings most excellent majestie , the humble petition of the county of cornwall . we your majesties most loyall subjects in all duty render unto your majestie all thankfulnesse for your majesties unexempled favour and grace in granting unto your subjects , by the concurrence with your parliament , such laws and freedoms , which have most fully expressed your majesties gracious goodnesse unto your people ; and we most thankfully receive your majesties free offer of a generall pardon , whereof wee most humbly desire to be made partakers . and we most humbly beseech your majestie , never to suffer your subjects to be governed by an arbitrary government , nor admit an alteration in religion . and your petitioners being most feelingly grieved for your majesties discontents ( partly occasioned by divers scandalous pamphlets , and seditious sermons , and no way lessened by unlawfull tumults ) do wish a confluence of all comforts , honour and happinesse unto your majestie , and do most heartily pray for the reconcilement between your majestie and your parliament : and in all humble thankfulnesse for your majesties said grace and goodnesse , your petitioners do offer themselves most ready to maintain and defend with their lives and fortunes , your majesties sacred person , honour , estate , and lawfull prerogative against all persons whatsoever , according to the oaths of supremacie and allegiance . cornub . iohn grills high sheriff . warwick lord mohun . sir iohn trelawney knight and baronet . sir william wrey knight and baronet . iohn arundell of trerise esq. charles trevanion esq. walter langdon esq. peter courtney esq. samuel cosowarth esq. richard prideaux esq. iohn arundell esq. renatus billot esq. francis iones esq. robert rous esq. edward trelawney esq. nevil blighe esq. william bastard esq. charles grills esq. nathanel dillon esq. william arundell gent. william courtney gent. ed. courtney , gent. walter glin gent. edward cook gent. hugh pomeroy esq. ambrose billot gent. iohn samuel gent. nichol . kendall , major of lostwithyell . obadiah ghoship cler. iohn kette cler. thomas harrison cler. thomas porter cler. simon lann cler. iohn peter cler. george brush cler. barnard achim gent. theophilus laugherne gent. william guavas gent. nicholas sawell gent. william robinson gent. thomas robinson gent. ioseph iolly gent. thomas trear gent. the aforesaid gentlemen subscribed at lostwithyell unto the petition direction to his majestie , together with seven thousand more , esquires , gentlemen , freeholders and other inhabitants which subscribed and signed the said petition in their severall parishes . his majesties answer to the petition of cornwall , at the court at york , 26. june , 1642. his majestie is so very well pleased with the duty and affection of this petition , that he hath commanded me to signifie his good acceptance of it , and thanks for it to the county of cornwall , and to assure them , that as he will be alwayes ready to increase the happinesse of his people , by consenting to such good new laws , as shall be proposed to him for their advantage , so he will be forward to venture his life in maintenance of the religion and laws established , which he doubts not , with the assistance of the petitioners , and other his good subjects , he shall be able to defend : his majestie will be ready to grant such a generall pardon to the petitioners as they desire ; and will no longer expect the continuance of their duty and affection , then himself continues true to those professions he hath so often made of maintaining and defending the religion and laws of this kingdom . falkland . the oath of allegiance , tertio iac. cap. 4. i a. b. do truely and sincerely acknowledge , professe , testifie , and declare , in my conscience before god and the world ; that our soueraigne lord king charls is lawfull and rightfull king of this realm , and of all other his majesties dominions and countries , and that the pope neither of himselfe , nor by any authority by the church or see of rome , or by any other meanes with any other , hath any power of authority , to depose the king , or to dispose any of his majesties kingdomes or dominions , or to authorize any forraign prince to invade or annoy him , or his countries , or to discharge any of his subjects of their allegiance and obedience to his majestie , or to give license or leave to any of them to beare armes , raise tumults , or to offer any violence or hurt to his majesties royall person , state , or government , or to any of his majesties subjects within his majesties dominions . also i do sweare from my heart , that notwithstanding any declaration , or sentence of excōmuuication , or deprivation , made , or granted to be made , or granted by the pope , or his successors , or by any authority , derived , or pretended to be derived from him , or his see , against the sayd king , his heirs or successors , or any absolution of the said subjects from their obedience : i will beare faith and true allegiance to his majestie , his heirs and successors , and him and them will defend to the utmost of my power , against all conspiracies and attempts whatsoever , which shall be made against his or their persons , their crowne and dignity , by reason or colour of any such sentence , or declaration , or otherwise , and will do my best endevour to disclose and make knowne unto his majestie , his heirs and successors , all treasons , or trayterous conspiracies , which i shall know or heare of , to be against him or any of them . and i do further sweare , that i do from my heart abhorre , detest and abjure as impious and hereticall , this damnable doctrine , and position . that princes which be excōmunicated or deprived by the pope , may be deposed or , murthered by their subjects , or any other whatsoever , and i do beleeve , and in my conscience am resolved , that neither the pope , nor any person whatsoever , hath power to absolve me of this oath , or any part thereof , which i acknowledge by good and full authority to be lawfully ministred unto me , and do renounce all pardons , or dispensations to the contrary . and all these things i do plainly , and sincerely acknowledge and sweare , according to these expresse words by me spoken , and according to the plaine and common sense , and understanding of the same words , without any equivocation , or mentall evasion , or secret reservation whatsoever . and i do make this recognition , and acknowledgement heartily , willingly , and truly , upon the true faith of a christian : so helpe me god . the oath of supremacy , primo eliz. cap. 1. i a. b. do utterly testifie and declare in my conscience , that the kings highnesse is the onely supreame governour of this realme , and all other his highnesse dominions and countries , as well in all spirirituall or ecclesiasticall things or causes , as temporall : and that no forraine prince , person , prelate , state or potentate , hath or ought to have any jurisdiction , power , superioritie , preeminence or authority ecclesiasticall or spirituall within this realme . and therefore , i do utterly renounce and forsake all forrain jurisdictions , powers , superiorities and authorities ; and do promise that from henceforth i shall beare faith and true allegiance to the kings highnesse , his heirs and lawfull successors : and to my power shall assist and defend all jurisdictions , priviledges , preeminences and authorities granted or belonging to the kings highnesse , his heirs and successors , or united and annexed to the imperiall crown of the realme : so help me god : and by the contents of this book . finis . a view of the proceedings of the western-counties for the pacification of their present troubles as also of the plots and purpose to disturbe the same. heylyn, peter, 1600-1662. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a43556 of text r216768 in the english short title catalog (wing h1743a). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 21 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 7 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a43556 wing h1743a estc r216768 99828489 99828489 32916 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a43556) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 32916) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1641-1700 ; 1866:20) a view of the proceedings of the western-counties for the pacification of their present troubles as also of the plots and purpose to disturbe the same. heylyn, peter, 1600-1662. [2], 10 p. printed [by l. lichfield], [oxford] : in the yeare 1642. [i.e. 1643] by peter heylyn. dates are given according to lady day dating. place of publication and printer's name from wing. an account of conferences and intriguing in dorset, devon, and cornwall from dec. 1642 to march 1642/3, displaying apprehension lest the agreement between devon and cornwall with a view to peace should be upset by parliamentary intriguers. the account was written between march 15 and march 21 and was no doubt printed about the later date. the style and ornaments prove that it was printed at oxford. -cf. madan. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649 -early works to 1800. devon (england) -history -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -history -early works to 1800. dorset (england) -history -early works to 1800. a43556 r216768 (wing h1743a). civilwar no a view of the proceedings of the western-counties for the pacification of their present troubles: as also of the plots and purpose to distur heylyn, peter 1643 3567 3 0 0 0 0 0 8 b the rate of 8 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the b category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 2002-08 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2002-09 spi global keyed and coded from proquest page images 2002-10 john latta sampled and proofread 2002-10 john latta text and markup reviewed and edited 2002-12 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion a view of the proceedings of the western-counties for the pacification of their present troubles : as also of the plots and purpose to disturbe the same . psal. cxx . vers. v. my soule hath long dwelt amongst those that be enemies unto peace . printed in the yeare , 1642. a vievv of the proceedings of the westerne counties for the pacification of their present troubles &c. it hath been long the mischievous designe of those , who have embroyled this kingdom in a civill warre , not only to maintain an army of discontented and seditious persons , for the destruction of their soveraigne , but to ingage the greatest and most populous counties in an unnaturall dissention amongst themselves . in prosecution of which wicked counsailes , as they have spared no subtile artifices , to infatuate and seduce the people to their own destruction , and the undoing of their wives and families : so when they find them sensible of those afflictions which they have pulled upon themselves , and willing returne into more peaceable courses ; they have not failed to animate them to their former surie , and interrupt all consultations and agreements which might conduce unto their peace . the first example of this kind was that of yorkshire , the gentry and commonalty of the which , having played too long a part in this wofull tragedy , had mutually agreed upon such equall termes of pacification , as might restore that country to its antient quiet ; and this they had confirmed by the subscription of the hands of the most eminent & able men of either party . but this was presently disallowed by those factious spirits , who have too great a power in the two houses of parliament , as being utterly destructive of their ends and hopes : and upon that dislike commanded not to be observed , and so by consequence annulled . how miserable a theatre of blood , death , and rapine , that wretched county hath been made ever since that time , as we see now not without griefe and lamentation , so shall posterity , being lesse interessed in the quarrels which are now on foot , peruse the story of it with a greater sorrow . cheshire as not farre off in situation , was next unto this people in example also . they on the sense of those calamities under which they suffered , by nourishing an intestine warre in their own bowels , had fallen upon the like attonement : and for the keeping of the same , the principall agents of each side had promised one another severally in the word of a gentleman , and as they did desire to prosper , that both themselves , their tenants , friends and servants would most strictly keep it . but yet this promise made in so solemne manner , and bound with such an imprecation to observe the same , was not found sufficient , for the preventing of all further acts of enmity and desolation , there following on the neck thereof , a declaration of the lords and commons assembled in parliament , wherein was signified and declared , that the said pacification and agreement , was very prejudiciall to the whole kingdom , derogatory to the power and priviledge of parliament ; and therefore that not only the inhabitants thereof , but that the gentlemen themselves who were the parties to the articles were not bound unto them ; and finally all the inhabitants thereof , commanded and required to pursue their former resolutions , for the assistance of the parliament in the common cause . though these examples might have terrified the most moderate men , such as were most inclinable to their countries peace , from ventring on the like conclusions , which they perceived would not be left unto their power to observe or not : yet warre and discord are such troublesome and unwelcome guests , that notwithstanding these discouragements , the western counties have embraced the same counsailes also , and entertained some propositions , conducing to the introduction of a blessed peace . and first the gentlemen and other intelligent persons of the county of dorset , having felt some of the effects of warre in the action of sherborne , and seeing how great a flame was raised in devonshire , bordering next upon them , endeavoured to preserve themselves from that combustion which had laid wast so many of their neighbours houses . and to that end agreed amongst themselves upon such articles , as the necessity of their affaires , and the sad spectacles before their eyes , did invite them to : whereof sir thomas trenchard knight , and iohn browne esquire , two of the deputy lieutenants for exercising of the militia , according to the ordinance of the two houses of parliament , were as the first movers so the most effectuall promoters too . and yet this pacification so agreed upon , and at a time , when the whole county so distasted the proceedings of the two houses of parliament , that there was tenne against them for every one that would adventure in their cause , ( as the said gentlemen did signify by letters to diverse of their friends in the lower house ) was not held convenient . and thereupon sir william waller must be hastned to the western parts , that by the power and reputation of his armes the said agreement might be broken ; and all that had consented to the common peace might either be compelled to advance the warre , or flie the country . in the mean time , whilest waller was upon his march , and the affaires of dorset-shire in so good condition , that it was hoped they would be able to make good their own conclusions : the devon-shire and the cornish armies , who had so oft imbrued their hands in each others blood , though still with losse of men and reputation on the devon-shire side , began to hearken to such counsailes , as god had put into the hearts of some honest gentlemen , ( though otherwise of different opinions ) to propose unto them . and it pleased him who maketh two to be of one minde in an house , so to incline the hearts both of the greater and the better part of those severall counties , as first to hearken to a trnce , and on the expiration of that truce ( which was expired the seventh of this present march ) to yeeld to a cessation for twenty daies , that so the treaty might advance with the more apparent hopes of an happy issue . which being mutually agreed on for the common good , their next care was to choose commissioners for each side , men of integrity and honour , on whom they might conferre a concluding power to bind all parties ; and unto whose determinations they might with safety and assurance submit themselves . this done , and the commissioners assembled at mount-edgecomb a place in cornwall , on the fourth of march , to give assurance each to other , and to all the world , of their integrity , and of the reall intentions which they had to peace ( secluded from all sinister and particular ends ) they took a solemne protestation , and afterward received the blessed sacrament , for ratification of the same . the protestation is as followeth , which i have here transcribed verbatim , that all the world may see , ( if they be not blind , ) with what syncerity and candor they purpose to proceed in so great a businesse . i. a.b. doe solemnly vow and pretest in the presence of almighty god , that i doe not only come a commissioner to this treaty , with an hearty and fervent desire of concluding an honourable and firme peace between the two counties of cornwall and devon , but also will to the utmost of my power prosecute and really endeavour to accomplish and effect the same , by all lawfull waies and means i possibly can , first by maintaining the protestant religion established by law in the church of england , the just rights and prerogative of our soveraigne lord the king , the just priviledges and freedome of parliaments , together with the just rights and the liberty of the subject ; and that i am without any intention ( by fomenting this unnaturall warre ) to gaine or hope to advantage my selfe with the reall or personall estate of any person whatsoever , or obtaining any office , command , title of honour , benefit or reward , either from the kings majesty , or either or both houses of parliament now assembled . and this i take in the presence of almighty god , and as i shall answer the same at his tribunall , according to the literall sence and meaning of the fore-going words , without any equivocation , mentall reservation , or other evasion whatsoever , so help me god . which protestation being thus taken , was subscribed also by the hands of all the commissioners , being eighteen in number , for each county nine . this preparation being made , and the syncerity of their intentions so fully manifested , the commissioners authorized for cornwall ( considering that they stood on the higher ground ) did first propound their articles to those of devon : articles of so even a temper , and so agreeable to the lawes established , that those of devonshire had been bound to admit the same , if all things had succeeded answerably to their former expectations and endeavours . the most materiall of them were to this effect . 1. that the book of common-prayer , the doctrine and discipline of the church of england formerly established by lawfull authority , for the true and sincere worship of god , be duely and truely observed in all the parishes of both counties , untill the discipline be altered by such authority as it was established by ; and that all the infringers & depravers of the same either of the clergy or laity , be duely proceeded against according to the known laws of the land . 2. that the common and statute lawes of this realm of england be truly and really put in execution against all offenders & violaters of the same laws in either county , according to the usuall legall course , and as hath been anciently accustomed . 3. that all trade , traffique , and free commerce be open in and between both counties , as heretofore in the most peacable and best times . 4. that no man in his person , estate , or goods , be arrested imprisoned , detayned , outed , dispossessed , or any waies molested , by any power or authority , whatsoever , without due processe of the lawes of the land . and 5. that all new erected fortifications & set guards within the city and county of exeter , and in and upon all towns castles , bridges and passages within the counties of devon and cornwall be removed and flighted at the cost and charges of the erectors of the same , and that his majesties forts , castles , and other ancient and usuall places of command within both counties , be put into the same hands and custodie as they were in before these unhappy differences ; and assurance giuen for the maintaining of the same without any addition or alteration : and that all armes and ammunition , of all and every person and persons whatsoever , be restored againe to the right owners . tho other articles there were , but these the principall . and these together with the protestation , the said commissioners desired might be published in all the market-townes and parochiall churches of the said two counties , without any alteration either in the writing , reading , or publishing thereof : to the intent it might appeare unto all the world , who were the faithfull observers of the said protestation , first sworn to on the holy evangelists , and afterwards confirmed by the receiving of the blessed sacrament ; and who the violaters of the same . these propositions being so equall , and so agreeable to the known lawes of the land , were like to find but little opposition from the commissioners for the other county , if they met with any . but whilest they were in consultation how to transact and settle their affaires , in such a way as might be permanent and secure ▪ it pleased god to put into their mindes the offering of a communication of the same pretious benefit to the adjoyning counties of somerset and dorset ; who as they had participated somewhat in the calamities of the warre , so could they not but be as sensible of the blessings & effects of their neighbours peace . which being taken by them into consideration , it was agreed upon of all sides , that letters should be written to the principall persons of those severall counties respectively , to invite them to joyne with them in so good a work , conducing so apparantly to their common happinesse . and this accordingly was done , letters being written and subscribed by the hands of twelve of the commissioners , sir ralph hopton subscribing in the first place : which letters were dated from mount-edgecomb on the sixth of march , being the very next day save one , that they were assembled . so soone did they agree on that weighty poynt , that there may seem to be , some superior power , which did so readily induce and incline them to it . the place appoynted for the meeting , was the new inne in exeter ; the day the fourteenth of this moneth , which was tuesday last , being the seventh of the cessation . and that they might attend the service with the greater safety and more assurance of their lives and persons : there was a safe conduct granted by the chiefe factors of the two houses of parliament , for every one of the commissioners of the said foure counties , with two men a peece for their retinue , to come , remain , and returne ( i speak out of the words of the originall ) to and from the said place or any other places which shall be appoynted for the treaty by the said commissioners . which letters of safe conduct doe hear their date at plymmouth , the seventh of march , subscribed in the first place , by the earle of stamford , after by sir george chudleigh , northeote , martyn , and others the chief sticklers in the former troubles . one would not think , that an accommodation so just and necessary , tending so visibly to the ease and benefit of all his majesties subjects in those counties , so evidently conservative of their lives and fortunes , which had before been made a prey to the sharpest sword ; so sensibly conducing to the advancement of gods glory and the kings honour , should meet with opposition in that place , and amongst those persons , who hitherto have given out ( and certainly would take it ill not to be believed ) that they endeavour nothing more , then the establishment of all these on the surest grounds . yet so it hapned , that when this newes was brought to the house of commons , which was on saturday march the eleventh in the afternoon : it was received with great heat and passion , as finding their authority to be thereby lessened , and that unlimited and arbitrary power which they had exercised before on the subjects there , to be restrained very much , if not quite destroyed . for now they saw that all those counties would be freed from all those tyrannicall constraints and impositions , which had been forced upon them by their committees ; that those in whom they most confided had betraied the cause , and were no longer willing to advance their ends in the oppression of their neighbours ; that the people would again returne to the kings obedience , and submit themselves to no other rule , then the known lawes of the realme ; and who could tell whether the contagion of so dangerous an example might not infect the neighbouring counties , and so prevaile at last over all the kingdom . besides there was another circumstance , which added much to their vexation and disquiet ; which was that here they met not with a bare subscription of mens names ; as in that of yorkeshire ; or only with a promise made in the word of a gentleman , though bound and made up with an imprecation , as in that of cheshire : but with subscription of the names of the commissioners , the taking of a solemne oath , and the receiving of the sacrament to confirme the same . and such a three-fold cord ( in case the wise mans note be of any credit ) is not easily broken . and yet well fare a gallant confidence . they were resolved upon the question to break all these bonds , to dissolve the treaty , to reduce matters there to the same confusion which they had brought them to before , and make those neigh 〈…〉 like the sonnes of cadmus , imployed upon no other service then to kill one another . why should not two whole counties perish , nay to say truth , why should not a whole kingdom be exposed unto spoyle and ruine , rather then some suspected malefactors be brought to yeeld themselves to a legall tryall ? were not the tribunes of the people in the state of rome , held to be inviolable ; exempt for whatsoever they committed , from all law and punishment ? rather then to give up the power , with so much art and industry acquired ; let us adventure once on a poynt of popery , and dispence with them for their oathes ; which being taken by them without our consent , have no power to bind them . this last insisted on so cordially , by some that doe pretend most hatred to popish errours , ( as is advertised from london by letters of the 11. of march ) that at the last it was concluded to dispatch prideaux and nicols two of their members in all hast to exeter , to signify their mislike of the whole businesse to the severall counties , and by all means to break in pieces the agreement , from which they feared such mischiefes would redound unto them . but it is hoped , that notwithstanding their endeavours to subvert this treaty , and the gentlemen and others of those counties whom it most concernes , will not so easily be altered from their resolutions : beginning at the last ( though long first ) to reassume the use of their own senses ; to trust no farther to the insnaring arts of others , then they see cause for ; to find in what a comfortable state they lived , when they could feele no power above them , but the mild scepter of a mercifull and gratious king ; and finally to perceive what irremediable calamities the york-shire and the cheshire men have drawn upon themselves and their severall countries , by breaking those agreements , on the like temptation , which were so faithfully condescended to for their common good . however we may see even by these endeavours , what hopes of ease , what inclination to 〈…〉 expected from the hands of those cruell chirurgeons ; who are so farre from binding up the wounds of this bleeding body , that they enlarge the orifice and increase the number , and take delight in torturing the poore patient , whom they have in cure : how little sense there is in them of our deadly miseries , who sitting safely in the senate , wrapt in warme furres , and guarded by full troopes of their own auxiliaries , heare not the groanes of slaughtered men , nor the cries of orphans , nor the lamentation of the widdowes , nor see that spoyle and devastation , which they have made of late in this flourishing kingdome , under pretence of rectifying some few slips and errors in the former government . from which unmercifull kind of men , no lesse then from the plague and pestilence , good lord deliver us . finis . master peters messuage from sir thomas fairfax, delivered in both houses of the lords and commons in parliament assembled: with the whole state of the west, and all the particulars about the disbanding of the princes and sir ralph hoptons army. also the totall routing of sir jacob ashley himselfe, and 1500. taken prisoners, their carriages and ammunition also taken by colonell morgan and sir william brereton. commanded to be printed at the desire of divers members of parliament, and published according to order. peters, hugh, 1598-1660. this text is an enriched version of the tcp digital transcription a90542 of text r11290 in the english short title catalog (thomason e329_2). textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. the text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with morphadorner. the annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. this text has not been fully proofread approx. 24 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 9 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. earlyprint project evanston,il, notre dame, in, st. louis, mo 2017 a90542 wing p1710a thomason e329_2 estc r11290 99858981 99858981 111042 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a90542) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 111042) images scanned from microfilm: (thomason tracts ; 54:e329[2]) master peters messuage from sir thomas fairfax, delivered in both houses of the lords and commons in parliament assembled: with the whole state of the west, and all the particulars about the disbanding of the princes and sir ralph hoptons army. also the totall routing of sir jacob ashley himselfe, and 1500. taken prisoners, their carriages and ammunition also taken by colonell morgan and sir william brereton. commanded to be printed at the desire of divers members of parliament, and published according to order. peters, hugh, 1598-1660. [2], 6, 9-15, [1] p. printed for matthew walbancke, london, : 22 march, 1645. [i.e. 1646] text is apparently continuous despite pagination. reproduction of the original in the british library. eng fairfax, thomas fairfax, -baron, 1612-1671 -early works to 1800. great britain -history -civil war, 1642-1649 -campaigns -early works to 1800. cornwall (england : county) -history -early works to 1800. a90542 r11290 (thomason e329_2). civilwar no master peters messuage from sir thomas fairfax,: delivered in both houses of the lords and commons in parliament assembled: with the whole peters, hugh 1645 4198 25 0 0 0 1 0 83 d the rate of 83 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the d category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-05 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2007-05 aptara keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-06 emma (leeson) huber sampled and proofread 2007-06 emma (leeson) huber text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion master peters messuage from sir thomas fairfax , delivered in both houses of the lords and commons in parliament assembled : with the whole state of the west , and all the particulars about the disbanding of the princes and sir ralph hoptons army . also the totall routing of sir jacob ashley himselfe , and 1500. taken prisoners , their carriages and ammunition also taken by colonell morgan and sir william brereton . commanded to be printed at the desire of divers members of parliament , and published according to order . london , printed for matthew walbancke , 22 march , 1645. master peters messuage from sir thomas fairfax . master speaker ; after the lord had appeared for our army at torrington , and had written his name in such visible characters before the faces of many , counsell was taken to pursue the enemy into cornwall , and the rather because the scattering of that body of horse would after an especiall manner promote our future designes , not onely in order to exceter , but also to our easterne imployment , i shall therefore give you an accompt , first of the steps we made into cornwall ; secondly , of the state of the country ; thirdly , the condition of the enemy ; fourthly of our owne army . upon our advance , the generall gave me a commission to apply my self to all means and expedients i could think of , for the stopping of the east parts of cornwall from rising and joyning with the enemies horse , foot being that which the enemy ( onely ) wanted , and those they brought to torrington blown into severall parts , and scattered , with a purpose not to appeare againe . accordingly i rid to plymouth , ( though not without much difficulty ) riding forty miles very neer the enemies guards ; i dealt at plymouth with the governour and the committee there , who offered me all their furtherances , had passes of them for any i should imploy into cornwall , and was much engaged to mr. raw , of that place , ( a discreete able man , and industrious ) who undertooke to agitate my desi●nes with the enemy , and deserves exceeding well for his faithfulnesse and wisdome therein . when i was thus thoughtfull how to ingage the cornish foot from rising in the east , ( whose example would have had a present influence on all the county ) it pleased the lord to send in one out of cornwall , of very good quality , ( and much interessed ) who came disguized into plymouth , having the same designe with my self , for strong affections to the parliament and their cause , assuring me , that 3000. men stood ready to joine with the enemies horse , yet that there were good hopes , that the leaders being rightly informed , might not onely prevent it , but conditionally close with us . their chiefes were old master colliton , colonell edgcomb of mount edgcomb , master thomas lowre , and lieutenant colonell scawen . to these i applyed my self ( by writing ) and declared what i had in commission from the generall , and sent it by the party by me imployed , who returned again , and gave me hopes , and yet professed much jealousie on their part for the true performance on what i promised ; and therefore to shorten my worke i offered my selfe an hostage to them , till the generall should make good what i promised . by the next return they invited me into cornwall , where foure of them should be ready , in the behalfe of themselves and others , to treate with me , and as they saw cause , to accompany me to the generall . i adventured over to them , and there found master corriton , m. thomas lowre , m. glanvill , the eldest son of serjeant glanvill , and major trevise ; who being perswaded of the truth of what i had engaged my self for , were perswaded to go to the generall with me , and truly i found them very ingenuous , who had long before distasted the court way , and abhorred the practises of many of the kings party . by this time the generall had entred cornwall , and ( at stratton ) our men beate up a guard of the enemies , and took 300. horse : these cornish gentlemen , finding my words made good unto them , were much convinced and affected , receiving from the generall protections for themselves and that side of the country against the violence of our souldiers , as also letters of recommendation to the parliament , for this their service , which tooke such effect , that not onely these 3000. men , ready for their march , retired to their houses , but also the whole county where we came , either came in to us , or sate still ; and truly these easterne gentlemen are very considerable , and i am perswaded the old master coriton , ( who suffered for magna charta , with sir john elliot , ) will returne to his interest againe , with many more of them . upon our advance the enemy retreated , the generall lay at bodman to refresh our men , and to undeceive the county , if by any means we might , which the lord himself was pleased to help us in , even to wonder , by an irish frigot , coming into padstow , and bringing letters to hopton and others , from the earl of glamorgan , that ●esuited papist , assuring them of ten thousand irish ready for england . these letters the generall commanded me to read , at a great meeting of the country men , in a field neere bodman , which had such successe , that the arguments i used unto them , and what i read was received with divers acclamations . upon this day fortnight a strong party of ours was sent out to fall upon their maine guard , under the command of that honest and worthy gentleman col. rich , who accordingly met with one thousand of the enemies horse , routed them , and put them to flight , and tooke two hundred horses , and one hundred prisoners , amongst whom master generall perts , who is since dead of his wounds , in whose pocket a copy of a letter to the princes counsell about him , was found to this purpose . that the kings condition is so low is not our fault ▪ we are not able to breake through the enemy , nor strong enough to fight them ; therefore are resolved to compound for our selves , and leave you to doe what you please . sir , it came from the military part . divers small skirmishes we had with them , lieutenant generall cromwell himselfe , with some of his horses are setting out parties and guards , and attending their motions , adventured himselfe according to his wonted manner ; and now the enemies head quarter being at truro , and their chiefe strength not above five or sixe miles from us , the generall resolving to fight them , or drive them to the sea , sent them such propositions with a summons , as he did conceive would take off much of their forces , and bring them all to a sudden agreement ; and upon the sending of these , advanced still forward , and in our advance they met us with a desire of a treaty , which accordingly was yeelded unto , and held sixe daies , there being matters not a few to be considered of , as appears by the articles . upon the last lords day , upon a downe a mile from truro , after i had preached to our men , and divers of the enemies , they began to deliver up their armes and horses . the first regiment was a french regiment , under the command of mounsier laplane on sunday last , yet i must much commend the civility of our souldiers herein , that they let them passe without mocking , or jeering , or offering any affronts to them . on munday there were three brigades more disbanded , and on tuesday the rest according to the articles ; if it shall be objected , that the generall dealt too gently with the county , or the souldiery part there , i answer . 1 that the constitution of both the one and the other required it , the souldiers being a strong party , and in the enemies country . 2 the people needed it , and the same weapon proved their cure that made their wound , hoptons moderation , civility that first deceived them , and the generals now joyned with faithfulnesse tooke the scales from their eyes . 3 that we have all this year found it our advantage ; 4 meeknesse , sweetnesse and courage have been alwaies stirring in our generall for digniority ; we know that caesar dando , sublenando , ignoscendo gloriam adeptus est , but of the generall we may say by the like meanes , patriam bene adeptus est . 5 we beleeve , that the conduct of this army delight not to drinke blood . 6 the parliaments aimes are not destructive , but reductive . 7 we look upon it as the spirit of christ in these latter times , and of the new testament , to save , and not to ruine ; and the heathen could say : magnanimo satis est praedam prostrasse leoni , pugna suum finem , cum jacet hostis habet . and this i am bold to adde , that such is the providence of god , that if we had fought and beaten them , we should not have scattered them as now they are ; god hath restrained from the enemies themselves this acknowledgement , that their gods is not like ours ; their men not like ours , their actions not like ours : the very words of one of their chiefe commanders were these : that their men counselled with drinke in their heads , ours with wit in their heads ; our men silently prosecuted and effected their worke , their men vapoured and did nothing : we had a conduct and counsell , they acted without both ; yea , that this army was not to be fought against . and all the enemy are engaged never to take up armes against the parliament , except some very few onely . for the country , the gentry came almost all in unto us , the cornish souldiers brought us and laid downe their armes at the generalls foot , many of them professing they would but goe home and attend him . some of the arguments i used in speaking and preaching to them in their publike assemblies were ; first , for the parliament , they did as a iustice of peace , sent out a counstable to apprehended such as had broake the civill peace : the cunstable beaten back from his office , hath more helpe sent him , towne and cuntry who are re-resolved to pursue his disturbers , our taking up of armes was not against cornish men , nor any perticular men , nor any perticular county , but against such as disturbed both them and us , which if they deliver them to us ; we had the end of our travells . secondly ▪ i used an argument of utily , wishing them to consider how they could subject without trade which are from the city of london , and other parts of the kingdome . thirdly , what havock the irish and french might make upon them if they landed ; of which gorings desperadoes have given them a taste . fourthly , how comfortably , and safe they might live under the parliament , who are loath to loose such a tribe as they were . fifthly , i answered a common murmuring amongst them , that their country was never conquered . they were tould , that our army was never conquered neither , and yet we were willing to wrestle with them in their one way , by embracing , and huging of them , they should conquer us , and we would conquer them , we would win the day , and they should gaine the field , or their fields : if they lost a service b●●ke they sh●uld have a better worship : sixthly , was from experience , the were wished to tract all the parliaments proceedings , and the armies in other counties ; whether they had had better ministers , and better magistrates placed then before . seventhly , was taken from the practise of the enemie , and this quaerie was put to them , what good the enemy had done for them ; whether their examples , and practises , councels and indeavours , had led ●hem to more holinesse , justnesse , and exactnesse . many of them confessed , they were received by ill reports brought of the parliament , and the crueltyes of this army , by hoptons flateries , and the courtiers , and by the kings , and princes personall apperance amongst them : and by their promises to them honouring of them , as more perticular appears , by this d●claration of the kings , hanged up in every church in the country . charles r. wee are so highly sensible of the extraordinary merit of our county of cornwall , of the zeale for the defence of our person and the just rights of our crown , ( in a time when we could contribute so little to our owne defence , or to their assistance in a time when not onely no reward appeared , but great and probable dangers were threatned to obedience and loyalty ; ) of their great and eminent courage and patience in their indefatigable prosecution of their great work against so potent an enemy , block't with so strong , rich , and populous cities , and so plentifully furnished and supplyed with men , arms , money , ammunition and provision of all kinds ; and of the wonderfull successe with which it hath pleased almighty god ( though with the losse of some most eminent persons , who shall never be forgotten by vs ) to reward their loyalty and patience by many strange victories over their and our enemies , in despight of all humane probability , and all imaginable disadvantages ; that as wee cannot be forgetfull of so great deserts , so we cannot but desire to publish to all the world , and perpetuate to all time the memory of these their merits , and of our acceptance of the same . and to that end wee doe hereby render our royall thankes to that our county , in the most publike and most lasting manner we can devise , commanding copies hereof to be printed and published , and one of them to be read in every church and chappell therein , and to be kept for ever as a record in the same , that as long as the history of these times , and of this nation shall continue , the memory of how much that county hath merited from vs and our crowne , may be derived with it to posterity . given at our campe at sudeley castle the tenth of september , 1643. and lastly , their lude and ungodly ministers had councelled them , and exampled them to the greatest part of their misery , i make no doubt , they may prove a people of gods praise , may they but enjoy a faithfull magistracie and ministry ; for which , my most earnest and humble request is to this honourable house : me thinkes they cry at every gate , bread bread , for the lords sake . i wish there were some evangelicall ministers in each county of the kingdom , that poor people might know there is a god ; that they might fear him , and love him , and be acquainted with his son , who is theirs and our life . the county is all cleerly reduced , except pendennis , helford , and the mount ; which the very countrey ( i hope ) will bee willing to reduce themselves , feymouth harbour is free to us ; we have taken st. mawes castle , with twelve peices of ordnance in it , and one called the roaring-meg , a choice peice of brasse : the generall is sending eastward some of his forces , towards barnstable and exeter , and intends ( having blockt up pendennis ) to return himself . there came two out of exeter to us , who caried in propositions with them ; and of barnstable we hope to give a good account shortly . at foy upon munday last , we took a ship called the greene knight , having 16 peices of ordnance , and richly laden , they being ignorant that the harbour was ours . your affaires have a good complexion upon them at present ; and doubtlesse , whilest you imploy good men ▪ they will be good for you . i have observed in the whole tract of this western work , divers promises fulfilled ; as that the lord would send an hornet amongst them : that is , a spirit of fear , and that they shall fly when none pursues them : wee could seldome make them stand anywhere ; they never offered to beat up a guard of ours at any time , though they had four thousand ●ighting horse . i had been tould in their quarters where i lay , as 3. times my lot was to lie in hoptons own quarters in bed , where they tould me upon everie alarme , the sh●●kings of belshazer was up on them , one passage aboue the rest was this , 40. of them lieing in an house at saint auste● , two coults that were feeding upon a common ▪ in a could night , came for shelter to the side of the house . ●hey took● an alarme within , charged the coults to stand ; but they not understand the language , kept on their way , put them to such a fight , that they tumbled one upon the back of another to get away . sometimes i thought of that promise in the first psalme , that they shall be scattered as chaffe before the winde , they are gone into severall countries . sometimes , the lord saith he will bring his wheele upon them , and break them , we saw their power broken , their councells broken , their intrests broken , their expectations broken , who would have broke the verie axeltree of the state . sometimes i thought of the prophesy ; when the lord saith he would powre contempt upon princes ▪ especiallie when i read writings from t●e prince , thus , dated at our court at sillie : and though he be unwilling to play with words , ye● i could wish that that place , and name might ever be the portion of those that councell princes to their own ruin . jncedit inscilam cupiens vitare quietem . manie of such like punishes have been fulfilled in our fight . and now i must be thankfull to those gentlemen of this house , that have beene carefull for moneyes ▪ cloathes , and ammunition for the army , being the sinewes of our worke , and yet must complaine ; that after many letters written from place to place , we have not had one ship from the parliament upon the coast , to joine with us in any designe , or to meet the enemie vvhen they vvent avvay vvith their welsh : onely captain plunkets ship lying at plimmouth was willing to do their utmost , and sir george a●scugh , that commands the expedition , brought us the last money to foy , and is earnestlie seeking out vvhich way to serve us to the uttermost . i would say something for my selfe , and yet so prove an at●mbe , as not worth a minute of your time ; though you have been pleased to bear with my rudenesse . since my last being in the city , i have beene by some represented as one scandalizing of others ; which as it hath no truth in it : so i blesse god , that there is a parliament to appeale unto , and i know not the cause hereof , but from my forwardnesse and faithfulnesse to the work in hand . this i am bold to say , though it should be accompted a crime to serve the parliament , and i might be sory for the despiers , w●ich it shall never make me weary of my duty , nor my masters . if in my death the state might be a gainer , i have sometimes thought i might be willing to come to that trial , if my life may serve you , you may command it , for i must make the same profession that he did to caesar , that your former favours have done me that injurie , that i must live , and die ungratefull . these are my last requests , and the very sithings of my soule , that first , since the spirit of god hath done all your workes for you , that spirit may never be sadded by you , that glads yours : it hath been an old jesuiticall practise , to beat religion with religions : i say no more . secondly , that you may live to see that top stone laid ; to which you may all cry grace , grace . thirdly ; and lastly , that when your soules shall sit upon your trembling lips , and take care of your bodies , your accompts may be as comfortable , as your pains have beene in defatigable , and more . so prayes hugh peters . we hear for certain , that greenvill , culpepper , sir nicholas crisp , and divers others are in france , hopton and wentworth , and divers others were going from penthancts thither on tuesday last : the french and others have leave to take shipping at plymouth ▪ 20 or 30 are allowed to go t● the king : divers irish and welsh are gone into pendennis , where there are many distractions , and sir henry killegrew most vilde and violent , who upon sunday last burnt the ancient house of that name , called arwennock , now belonging to sir peter killegrew . the prince remains still in scillie , expecting what end his father will make with the parliament . the same day a letter was sent to mr. peters as followeth ▪ mr. peters , the house of commons have commanded me to give you notice , that they have appointed a day of thansgiving ( for these blessings upon our armies ) upon thursday come sennight , and that they have desired your selfe , and mr. carel to preach upon that day at christ-church . your affectionate friend , ol. st. john , satterday the 21. of march 1645. mr. peters being to preach at brides , sunday the 22. of march , a paper was delivered to him of news , which major temple ( who was in the fight ) brought , of the routing of sir jacob ashley : of which here followeth a copie . this morning , march 21. col. morgan his forces , with the forces of sir william brereton ( who were joined the night before ) fell upon sir jacob ashley and all his forces intended for oxford , to joine with the king , and at stow in the oulds ( in gloucester-shire , after a sore conflict on both sides ) sir jacob was totally routed ; himfelf and 1500. taken prisoners , and their cariages : out word was , god be our guide , the word of the enemies was , patrick and george . stow , march 21. 1645. fjnjs . the history of the ancient and moderne estate of the principality of wales, dutchy of cornewall, and earldome of chester collected out of the records of the tower of london, and diuers ancient authours. by sir iohn dodridge knight, one of his maiesties iudges in the kings bench. and by himselfe dedicated to king iames of euer blessed memory. doddridge, john, sir, 1555-1628. 1630 approx. 256 kb of xml-encoded text transcribed from 80 1-bit group-iv tiff page images. text creation partnership, ann arbor, mi ; oxford (uk) : 2008-09 (eebo-tcp phase 1). a20577 stc 6982 estc s109765 99845410 99845410 10307 this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the early english books online text creation partnership. this phase i text is available for reuse, according to the terms of creative commons 0 1.0 universal . the text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. early english books online. (eebo-tcp ; phase 1, no. a20577) transcribed from: (early english books online ; image set 10307) images scanned from microfilm: (early english books, 1475-1640 ; 1349:22) the history of the ancient and moderne estate of the principality of wales, dutchy of cornewall, and earldome of chester collected out of the records of the tower of london, and diuers ancient authours. by sir iohn dodridge knight, one of his maiesties iudges in the kings bench. and by himselfe dedicated to king iames of euer blessed memory. doddridge, john, sir, 1555-1628. [16], 142, [2] p. printed by tho. harper, for godfrey emondson, and thomas alchorne, london : m.dc.xxx. [1630] the last leaf is blank. reproduction of the original in the henry e. huntington library and art gallery. created by converting tcp files to tei p5 using tcp2tei.xsl, tei @ oxford. re-processed by university of nebraska-lincoln and northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. eebo-tcp is a partnership between the universities of michigan and oxford and the publisher proquest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by proquest via their early english books online (eebo) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). the general aim of eebo-tcp is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic english-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in eebo. eebo-tcp aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints 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the period. in general, first editions of a works in english were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably latin and welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in oxford and michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet qa standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. after proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of tcp data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a tcp editor. the texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the tei in libraries guidelines. copies of the texts have been issued variously as sgml (tcp schema; ascii text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable xml (tcp schema; characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless xml (tei p5, characters represented either as utf-8 unicode or tei g elements). keying and markup guidelines are available at the text creation partnership web site . eng wales -history -to 1536. cornwall (england : county) -history -early works to 1800. cheshire (england) -history -early works to 1800. 2006-09 tcp assigned for keying and markup 2006-09 apex covantage keyed and coded from proquest page images 2007-08 robyn anspach sampled and proofread 2007-08 robyn anspach text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs batch review (qc) and xml conversion the history of the ancient and moderne estate of the principality of wales , dutchy of cornewall , and earldome of chester . collected out of the records of the tower of london , and diuers ancient authors . by sir iohn dodridge knight , late one of his maiesties ludges in the kings bench. and by himselfe dedicated to king iames of euer blessed memory . london , ¶ printed by tho. harper , for godfrey em●ndson , and thomas alchorne , m. dc . xxx . to the high and mighty james , by the grace of god king of england , scotland , france , and ireland , defender of the faith &c. my most dread soueraigne and liegelord , among temporall blessings giuen from god , and powred vpon men , this is not the least , for a man to behold the fruit of his owne body , surculum exradice , an impe , or graffe , the oliue branches about his table , the hope of his posterity , the image of himselfe , and the staffe of his old age . the consideration of the want whereof caused that good patriake out of the bitternesse of his soule to cry and make his complaint vnto his god in these words . behold i goe childlesse , and the steward of my house is eleazer of damascus ; loe to me thou hast giuen no seed , wherefore a servant of mine house must bee mine heire . but to be furnished with masculine issue , and to haue his first borne of that sex , to whom the birthright is due , as to the sanctfiied of god , and the preseruer of his name and patrimony , is a double blessing vnto all men , much more vnto kings , the lords anointed , whereby his horne is established , his subiects in the middest of the day present , do behold the sunne that shall arise vpon them the day suceeding , and haue their hearts setled to say vnto their soueraine , wee and our seed will serue thee and thy seed for euer : this made the propheticall king in the day of his departure to blesse god , and say , blessed be the lord my god , who hath caused mine eyes to see this day that one of mine own loynes shall fit vpon my throne . but contrariwise was achah accursed , of whom god said he would not leaue him one mingentem ad parietem , threatning ( as it were ) by that circumlocution to root out all issue male of achab that might succeed him . and hence it is that all potentates of the world haue highly respected and aduanced in the eyes of their subiects , their heire apparant , and giuen and conferred vpon him very high and eminent titles of honor : of the romans he was called caesar and princeps juventutis , as the principall of all their hopes in their posterity of the french he is honored by the name of the dolphin of that part of the country , being his patrimony . and in like manner in this our country of england , the prince of wales , duke of cornwall , and earle of chester . he is , next his father , the chiefe in the realme , and by course of the ciuill law , is to sit at his right hand in all solemne assemblies of state and honor : so that not without reason did king edward the third king of england , place richard , his grandchild , and next heire apparant , in his solemne feast at christmas , at his table next vnto himselfe , aboue all his vncles , being the sonnes of that king , and men manifoldly renowned for their prowes and virtue . and yet hath not the prince any kingly prerogatiues allowed vnto him by the lawes of this realme , in the life of his progenitors , other then such as are due vnto other noble men , that hee might acknowledge himselfe to bee but a subiect , and whereof he is put in remembrance euen by the poesy that he vseth in the old english or saxon tongues in this forme conceiued , ie dien , i am a seruant . the due consideration whereof hath caused me by the encouragement of an honorable , learned , and worthy councellor my lord of buckhurst , your maiesties lord high treasurer of england , and my very good lord , and being eased therein by the carefull paines and industry of a gentleman mr. richard connock his seruant , in some conuenient method after my rude and vnlearned manner , to set downe what the ancient and true estate of his excellency the lord prince hath beene , what it now is , and how impaired , and to what estate and dignity by your maiesties high and princely wisdome , it may againe be reduced : beseeching your highnesse of your accustomed clemency , to pardon this my bold attempt , and to accept my poore trauels therein , with that gratious aspect as you do the manifold gratulations of other your maiesties louing subiects . your maiesties loyall and obedient subiect i. d. abstracts and advertisements concerning the contents of this historie . the originall and antient estate of wales , before , and vntill the conquest thereof by king edward the first , in the eleuenth yeere of his raigne . edward of carnaruon , ( so called because he was born at carnaruon castle in vvales ) and sonne to king edward the first , constituted prince of vvales , and the policy vsed therein by king edward the first . the creation of edward , sirnamed the blacke prince , to be prince of vvales , and the antient manner of the inuesture of the princes of vvales . the strange limitation of the estate of the lands of the said principality , and the reasons thereof , and the difference betweene the principality of vvales , and the dutchy of cornewall , for the eldest sonne and heire apparant of the king of england , is duke of cornewall , as soone as be is borne , or as soone as his father is king of england . but he is created prince of vvales by a speciall creation , inuesture , and donation of the lands thereunto belonging , and not by birth . the yeerely value of the reuenues of the principality of vvales , as the same were in the bands of the prince , commonly called the blacke prince . richard sirnamed of burdeaux , sonne of the said blacke prince , was after the death of his father , created prince of vvales , at hauering , at the bower , in the countie of essex , by e 3. his grandfather . henry of munmouth , sonne to king henry the fourth , created prince of vvales , he was afterwards king , by the name of king henry the fift . edward , the sonne of king henry the sixt , created prince of vvales , and earle of chester , and for that hee was then very yong , there was ordained by an act of parliament , what allowance should bee made vnto the said prince for his wardrobe , seruants wages , and other necessary expences , vntill the said prince should be of fourteene yeers of age . there was also a counsaile of diuers honourable personages , as bishops , earles , and others for the gouernement and direction of the reuenues of the said prince , which dispose the same accordingly , with the assent and aduice of the queene , who was also especially appointed in that behalfe . edward , the sonne and heire apparant of king edward the fourth , created prince of vvales , and a councell of honourable personages allowed to him also for the gouernement of his reuenues , and the lord riuers , vncle by the mothers side of the prince , was appointed gouernour of the person of the said prince . the creation of arthure , sonne and heire apparant to king henry the seuenth , to bee prince of vvales , the copie of the charter of that creation obserued for the forme and manner of penning thereof , and the names of the councellors that were assigned vnto him . after the death of prince arthure , henry his brother , who was afterwards king henry the eight , was created prince of wales , after whose time there are no charters found of the creation of any prince of wales , although king edward the sixt , in the life of his father , and queene mary carried the name of prince generall : and the reason why this discourse hitherunto is drawne after an historicall manner . after the said historicall discourse . three things are further considered of , viz. first , in what manner and order the said principalitie and marches of wales were gouerned and directed vnder the princes of wales , as well before , as after the english conquests thereof : wherein by the way are noted , the courts of iustice of the said principality of wales , the originall of the baronyes marchers : and when the first councell was established in the marches of wales vnto england , and in what manner the same was done , and the commodities ensuing thereof ; which vnion or annexation may serue in some respect , as a president in other cases of like consequence . the second principall thing proposed , is the consideration of the antient and moderne officers of the said principality , seruing the lord prince , and none others , and what fees and sallaries were allowed vnto them . the third principall matter is the present reuenues of the principality of wales , as the same was in charge before the auditors this last yeere past , viz. the fortie foure yeere of the late queene elizabeth . the dukedome of cornewall . the dukedome of cornewall was the first erected dutchie in england after the norman conquest , and made to be a dutchie in the eleuenth yeere of king edward the third , and giuen to his eldest sonne , commonly called the blacke prince , who was the first duke in cornewall after the conquest , to him and to his first begotten sonnes and heires apparant of the kings of england , and the difference that is betweene the principalitie of wales and the said dutchie . at what age of the duke of cornewall , liuery may bee made vnto him of the said dutchy . moreouer touching the said dutchie of cornewall , three things are considered ; first , what reuenues were bestowed vpon the said dutchy , for the erection thereof , both annuall and casuall , and the particulars thereof : the seuerall natures and differences of them in the construction of the law , together with the stanneryes and coynage of tynne , and the lawes , vsages , and customes of the said stanueryes concerning the managing of tynne . the diuers kindes of tynners and tynne , and the coynage of tynne is , and for what cause due and payable , and the priuiledges that the king and duke of cornewall haue in their preemption of tynne . the reuenues of the dutchie of cornewall as it is rated by suruey taken in the fifth yeere of king edward the third . the reuenues of the said dutchie of cornewall , as it was in the fifteenth yeere of king henry the eight . the reuenues of the said dutchie , as it was in account vnto the late queene elizabeth , in the 44. yeere of her raigne , which is the last account , and the cleere yeerely value thereof , as it may be drawne to an estimation annuall , appeareth . the countie palatine of chester and flint . the third principall reuenue belonging to the prince , as earle of chester , which earledome is a countie palatine . edward sirnamed the blacke prince , created earle of chester , by king edward the third his father , in the seauenth yeere of the said king edward the thirds raigne . the totall reuenue of the said countie palatine of chester and flint , as it was in the 44. yeere of the late queene elizabeth . the antient reuenues of the said earledome of chester and flint , as the same were in the fifth yeere of king edward the third . the reasons why in this history diuers an tiquities ( not vulgarly knowne ) are discouered concerning the principality of vvales , dutchy of cornewall , and earledome of chester . inconueniens erit omissis initijs atque origine non repetita , atqueillotis ( vt ita dixerim ) manibus , protinus materiam tractare . ex lege prima digestorū iuris ciuilis , titulo de origine iuris . the ancient revenewes of the lord prince consist of these three kindes : the principality of wales , dutchie of cornewall , and earldome of chester , and therefore of euery of these in order as followeth . the principality of wales . that part of this island which is called wales , is thought by some learned , to be the same which the romanes ( hauing reduced this island vnder their gouernment ) called britannia secunda , of some others it is supposed to bee the same that was called by the romanes valentia but howsoeuer the truth thereof be , it was anciently called by the brittaines , cambria who diuided the whole island of albion into these three parts , loegria , albania , and cambria , the saxons conquering this island , called the said territorie , ( into the mountaines whereof the remnant of the britaines that remayned were fled , and not to be ouercome by them , ) wallia , and the people welshmen , that is to say , vnto them strangers , and the other part , those britaines or welshmen doe yet in their language call the english saissons or saxons . it was also anciently diuided into three prouinces or principalities , the first and principall called by them guyneth , or as they haue written in latine venedotia viz : that which is called north-wales . the second they haue called in latine demetia , and is that we call south-wales . and the third powisia or powisland , and euery of these prouinces were againe subdiuided into cantreds and euery cantred into comots . the records do diuide the same into three parts also , westwales , northwales , & southwales . the whole countrey is now allotted into shires which are thirteen in number , and namely these 1 radnor shire . 2 brecknock shire . 3 munmouth shire . 4 glamorganshire . 5 carmarthenshire . 6 pembrookeshire . 7 cardiganshire . 8 montgomeryshire . 9 merionethshire . 10 ca●rnaruoushire . 11 denbighshire . 12 flintshire . 13 anglesyshire . this parcell of the said island called wales , thus possessed by the remnant of those britaines , was no parcell of the dominion of the realme of england , but distinguished from the same , as the bookes of the lawes of this realme doe testifie ; and as it were a realme of it selfe not gouerned by the lawes of england and was by some of the saxon kings diuided from england , & by a ditch called of the name of the king which caused the same , king offa his ditch . yet neuertheless was the same dominion of wales euer holden in chiefe , and in fee of the crowne of england . and the prince thereof being then of their owne nation compellable vpon summons to come and appeare in the parliaments of england , and vpon their rebellions and disorders the kings of england deuised their scutagium or escuage , as it is called in the lawes of england , that is , to leuy ayd & assistance of their tenants in england which held of them per seruitium militare to suppresse such disordred welsh , tanquā rebelles and non hostes , as rebells , and not as forraine enemies . and hence it is that king henry the third vpon those often reuolts of the welsh indeuored to resume the territory of wales as forfeit vnto him selfe , and conferred the same vpon edward the longshanckes his heire apparant , yet neuerthelesse rather in title then in possession or vpon any profit obteyned thereby . for the former prince of wales continued his gouernment , notwithstanding this , betweene whome and the said edward , warres were continued . whereof when the said edward complained to king henry the third his father , the said king made this answer as recordeth matthew paris a cosmographer liuing in that time . quid ad me terra tua ? est ex dono meo . exerevires primitiuas , famam excita iuuenilem , et de caetero timeant inimici &c. but the charter of this gift is not now readilie to be found among the records . for after this time it appeareth by the records of the tower of london that by the mediation of oth●bon deacon , cardinal of s andrews , a peace was concluded between the then prince of the welsh blood , and the said henry the 3. which neuerthelesse as it seemeth continued not long , for sundry battells were fought betweene the said edward ( both before and after he was king of england ) lewlyn the last prince of the welsh blood , and dauid his brother , vntill both the said prince , & his said brother were ouercome by the said edward , after he was king of england , and who thereby made a finall and full conquest of wales , annexing the same vnto the crowne of england , diuiding some parts thereof into shires , and appointing lawes for the gouernment of that people . although the welsh nation doe not willingly acknowledge such conquest , but referres it rather to composition . the words of the statute made in wales at ruthlan presently vpon the conquest are these : diuina prouidentia quae in sui dispositione non fallitur , inter alia dispensationis munera , quibus nos & regnum nostrum angliae decorari dignata est , terram waliae cum incolis suis prius nobis iure fendali subiectam jam sui gratia in proprietatis nostrae dominium obstaculis quibuscunque non obstantibus totaliter et cum integritate conuertit et corona regni pradicti tanquam partem corporis eiusdem annexit et vniuit . this territory of wales thus being vnited , the said king edward vsed meanes to obtaine the peoples good will to strengthen that which he had gotten by effusion of blood with the beneuolence of his subiects of wales who promised their harty and most humble obedience if it would please the king either to remaine among them him selfe in person , or else to appoint vnder him a gouernour ouer them that was of their owne nation & cuntrey : the king thereupon purposing a pretty policie sendeth for the queene , then being greate with child , to come vnto him into wales , who being deliuered of a sonne in the castle of carnaruon in wales , called by reason thereof edward of carnarnon , the king thereupon sent for all the barons of wales tooke their assurance and submission according to their offers formerly made , if they should haue a gouernour of their owne nation , affirming vnto them that he was then ready to name vnto them a gouernour borne in their countrey and who could not speake any word of english , whose life and conuersation , no man was able to staine , and required their promise of obedience ; whereunto they yeelding , the king thereupon named vnto them his said sonne borne at carnaruon castle a few dayes before , vnto whom the barons of wales afterwards made their homage , as appeareth anno 29 e 1. at chester . the said edward of carnaruon after the death of his father , was king of england by the name of king edward the second , liuing in a turbulent time betweene him and his barons , was afterwards deposed for his ill gouernment , and came to a violent death in the castle of barkeley , and edward his sonne by the name of king edward the third reigned in his steade . neuerthelesse this edward the third being called edward of windsor in the life of his father was created prince of wales , and duke of aquitane , in a parliamant holden at yorke . edward the third in a parliament holden at westminster in the fifteenth yeare of his reigne created edward his eldest sonne , surnamed the blacke prince , prince of wales , being then of tender yeeres , and inuested him in the said principalitie with these ensignes of honour , and as in the charter is conteined , per sertum in capite , et annulum in digit● aureū , ac virgam argenteam iuxta morē : by a chaplet of gould made in the manner of a garland , for the word sertū importeth , by a gould ring set on his finger , and by verdge , rod or scepter of siluer , how be it in the inuesture of the succeeding princes , this rod or scepter ( as appeareth by the charters of their seuerall creations ) was changed into a verge of gould . the said king for the better maintainance of the said prince his sonne in honorable support according to such his state and dignity , gaue vnto him by his charter dated the twelfth of may , in the seuenth yeere of his reigne of england and in the fourth yeere of his reigne of france , and inrolled in the exchequer in the terme of s. hillary in the eighteenth yeere of the said king edward the third . the said principality and the mannors , lordships , castles and lands ensuing to appertaine to the said principalitie . viz. all his lordships and lands in northwales , westwales and southwales . 1 the lordship , castle , towne and county of carnaruon . 2 the lordship , castle and towne of conway . 3 the lordship , castle and towne of crucketh . 4 the lordship , castle and towne of bewmarish . 5 the lordship , castle and towne of hardlagh . 6 the lordship , castle and townes and countys of anglesey and merioneth . 7 the lordship , castle , towne , and county of caermardin . 8 the lordship , castle , and towne of lampaderuaur . 9 the lordship and stewardship of cantermawer . 10 the lordship , castle , towne and county of cardigan . 11 the lordship , castle , and towne of emelyn . 12 the lordship , castle , and towne of buelt . 13 the lordship , castle , and towne of hauerford . 14 the lordship , castle , and towne of montgomery . and all the lands that were of rice ap meridick which came to the hands of king edward the first , together with all the lordships , cities , castles , borrowes , townes , manours , members , hamlets , lands , tenements , knights fees , voydances of bishopricks , aduowsons of churches and of abbeys , priories , and of hospitals , with customes and prisages of wines , the exercise and execution of iustice , and a chancery , forests , chaces , parkes , woods , warrens , hundreds , comots , &c. and all other hereditaments , as well vnto the said principalitie as vnto the said king , in those parts then belonging . to have and to hold the same vnto the said prince and his heires kings of england . this lymitation of estate of this principalitie vnto the prince and his heires kings of england , may seeme strange to our moderne lawyers . for how is it possible that the kings of england , can inherit the principalitie , sithence the principalitie being the lesser dignitie is extinguished in the kingly estate , being the greater : for in praesentia maioris cessat , id quod minus est . forasmuch as the heire apparant of the crowne ( being prince ) is presently vpon the death of his auncester , eo instante , in himself king , and the principalitie as the lesser not compitable with the kingdome being the greater . but when i consider that this age , wherein this charter was penned , was a learned age of iudges and lawyers ( by whose aduice no doubt in a matter of this importance this charter was penned ) and this age much commended for exquisit knowledge of the laws , by those learned men that liued in the succeeding times , i cannot but thinke reuerently of antiquity , although i cannot yeeld sufficient reason of their doings therein . for i am taught by iulianus that learned roman lawyer , non omnium quae a maioribus constituta sunt ratio reddi potest . wherof also naratius there yeeldeth a reason , etideo rationes eorum quae constituuntur inquiri non oportet alioquin multa ex ijs quae certa sunt subuerterētur . neuertheles forasmuch as al the charters in the ages following made to the prince doe hould the same manner of lymitation of estate , i am perswaded some mystery of good policy to lye hidden therein , which as i conceaue may be this or such like . the kings of england thought to conferre vpon their prince and heire apparant an estate of fee simple in the lands that they bestowed vpon him ; for a lesser then an inheritance had not beene answerable to so greate a dignitie . and yet they were not willing to giue him any larger estate , then such as should extinguish againe in the crowne when he came to bee king or dyed ; for that hee being king should also haue the like power to create the prince ce of his heire apparant , and to inuest him into that dignitie as he being the father was inuested by his progenitor . for the wisdome of the kings of england was such , as that they would not depriue them selues of that honour but that euery of them might make new creations and inuestures of the principalitie to their eldest sonne or next succeeding heire apparant ; and that those lands so giuen vnto the prince , might when he was king be annexed , knit and vnited againe to the crowne , and out of the crowne to be of new conferred ; which could not so haue been , if those lands had been giuen to the prince and his heires generalls , for then the lands so giuen would haue rested in the natural person of the princes , after they came to the kingdome distinct from the crown lands , & might , as the case should happen discend to others then those which were his heires apparant to the crowne . and herein i do obserue a difference between the principalitie of wales giuen to the prince , and the dutchie of cornwall giuen vnto him . for euery prince needeth and soe hath had a new creation and inuesture . but he is duke of cornewall as soone as he is borne , if his auncester be then king of england ; and if not , he is duke of cornwall , eo instante , that his father is king of england , as shall be more euidently proued hereafter , by matter of record , when i shall come to speak of the dutchy of cornwall . the said king also by another charter dated the twentieth of september in the said seauenth yeere of his raigne , granted vnto the said prince all arrerages of rents , duties , accompts , stocks , stores , goods , and chattels remaining in all and euery the said parties due , or of right belonging vnto the king ; and thereupon the prince accordingly was possessed by virtue of these charters of all these aforesaid . it resteth here that we set down the totall annuall value of the said principality of wales by itselfe as it appeareth vpon a diligent survey thereof taken in his fiftieth yeere of the reigne of the said king edward the third of england , and in the seuen & thirtieth yeere of his reigne of france . the suruey of the principality of wales is drawne out of a long record , and to avoide tediousnesse , the value of the reuenewes of euery county or shire is here set downe , and then the totall of the whole , omitting the particulars of euery manour , lordship , towne , or other profit in euery of the said counties . the setting downe whereof at large would haue been exceeding cumbersome and intricate . it is therefore in this manner . the prouince of northwales . the summe totall of the princes reuenewes in the county or shire of carnaruon . — 1134. l. 16. s. 2. d. ob . q. the summe totall of the reuenewes of the prouince in the county of anglesey . — 832. l. 14. s. 6. d. ob . q. the summe totall of the reuenewes in the county of merioneth amounteth vnto — 748. l. 11. s. 3. d. ob . q. the perquisits and profits of the sessions of the iustices of northwales . the summe totall of all the former reuenewes in northwales amounteth vnto — 3041 : l. 7. s. 6. d. q. whereof deducted for the yeerly fee of the iustice of northwales , and so there remained the summe of 3001. l. 7. s. 6. d. q : the prouince of southwales . the summe totall of the yeerly reuenew of the prince-in the county of cardigan . — 374. l. 11. s. 3. d. q. the summe totall of the yeerly reuenew of the prince arising in the county of carmarthen . — 406. l. 1. s. 7. d. the fee farme of buelt . — 113. l. 6. s. 8. d. montgomery . — 56. l. 13. s. 4. d. perquisits and profits of the sessions of the iustices of southwales . — 738. l. 6. s. 9. d. ob . perquisits of the courts of hauerford . — 41. l. 5. s. 3. d. ob . the summe totall of the reuenew in southwales . 1730. l. 4 s. 11. d. ob . out of which deducted for the fee of the iustice of southwales fifty pounds , there then remaineth — 1680. l. 4. s. 11. d. q. the totall of all which the reuenewes of the principality of wales cast vp in one intire summe together . — 4681. l. 12. s. 5. d. q. this survey was made vpon this occasion , as it seemeth , after the death of the prince called the black prince : the princesse his wife was to haue her dower to be allotted vnto her out of those reuenewes , which could not bee without an extent and suruey thereof first had by commissioners thereunto appointed . and because the yeerly value of the said reuenewes by reason of the sundry casuall profits thereof were more or lesse yeerly , and not of one certaine value , the commissioners obserued this course , they did make choice of three seuerall yeeres , viz. 47. and 48. and 49 of e. 3. and did take out of the seuerall profits of those yeeres , and did cast them all into one summe , which they againe diuided into three equall parts , esteeming only of the said three parts to be the iust yeerly value of the said reuenewes , communibus an●i● , that is , one yeere with another . and in this accompt we finde no other charges or reprizes allowed then the iustices fees only . this survey and accompt made aboue 200. yeeres past is here inserted , to the end it might appeare what the reuenew of this principallity alone was , besides the dutchy of cornwall and earledome of chester neere the first certaine erection thereof in the hands of that worthy prince commonly called the black prince . the said prince of wales surnamed the black prince , being also duke of aquitane , guies , and cornwall , and earle of chester , after many fortunate victories atchieued by him , hauing subdued a great part of france , and hauing taken iohn the french king prisoner at poyteers in france , and after that also hauing vanquished henry at naue-roit in spaine , and restored peter king of arragon , he died in iune being then about the age of forty six yeeres , and in the fiftieth yeere of the reigne of his father king edward the third , leauing behinde him richard his sonne and heire , borne at burdeaux , and thereof surnamed richard of burdeaux . this richard surnamed of burdeaux , sonne and heire of the said edward the black prince , after the death of his father was created by his grandfather king edward the third , to bee prince of wales , at havoring at the bower in the county of essex the twentieth day of nouember in the fiftieth yeere of the reigne of the said king edward the third , the said richard then being about the age of eleuen yeeres , and vpon christmas day then next following , the said king edward the third caused the said prince ( being his nephew ) to sit at his table in high estate aboue all his vncles being the kings sonnes , as representing the personage of the heire apparant to the crowne ; and gaue to him the two parts of all the said principalitie , counties , lordships , castles , and the most of the said lands , which belonging to the said blacke prince , and the reuersion of the third part thereof ; ( the possession of the third part thereof , then being to the mother of the said prince richard for her dowry ) with a hundred thirteene pound sixe shillings eight pence yeerely rent , payable by the earle of march , as a fee farme for the lordship and lands of beult ; and eighty fiue markes for the fee farme of the castle , lordship , and land of montgomery , with the vacations of bishoprickes , excepting the fees of the baron marches of vvales , which doe alwaies hold of the crowne in capite : and excepting the auoydance of the bishopricke of s. dauids in vvales , which anciently also belonged to the crowne , with the like limitation of estate , viz. to the said prince richard & his heires , kings of england . it seemeth that these lordships of beult and montgomery , being formerly granted to edward the blacke prince , were before this time , giuen away in fee farme , rendring the rents here spoken of . after the death of the said king edward the third , which was in the 51. yeere of his raigne , the kingdome of england descended vnto the said richard , being his grandchilde ; and he was crowned king thereof by the name of king richard the second : and in the three and twentieth yeere of his raigne , he resigned his kingdome ( or rather more truely ) was deposed against his will , and after by a violent death , departed this life without issue . henry of bullinbrooke , duke of lancaster and hereford , earle of darby , leicester , and lincolne , sonne and heire to iohn of gaunt , fourth sonne to king edward the third , raigning in his stead . henry of bullingbrooke , by the name of king henry the fourth by his charter , dated at westminster the fifteenth day of october , in the first yeere of his raigne , created henry his eldest sonne , surnamed of munmouth , prince of wales , and inuested him with the said princely ornaments ▪ viz. the chaplet , gold-ring , and rod or verge of gold , to haue and to hold , vnto him and his heires , kings of england . and by one other charter of the same date gaue vnto him , and to his heires , kings of england , the said principalitie , with the lordships , castles , and lands before mentioned in the chartermade to the blacke prince , together with foure comots in the countie of carnaruon , viz. the comots of isaph , vghaph , nanconeway , and grewthyn , not named before , and the reuersion of the lordship of hauerford , with the prices of wines there , and of the lordships newyn , and pughby in north-wales , which thomas percy earle of worcester then held for tearme of his life , of the demise of king richard the second ; together also with the reuersion of the county and lordship of anglesey in north-wales , and the castle of bewmarris , and the comots , lands , tenements , and hereditaments belonging thereunto , which henry percy , sonne of the earle of northumberland , then held for terme of his life , of the demise of the said king henry the fourth : and by an act of parliament made in the first yeere of king henry the fourth , whereby the dutchie of lancaster is seuered from the crowne of england . the stile of the said prince is declared to be this , prince of wales , duke of aquitane , of lancaster , and of cornwall , and earle of chester . for the said king henry the fourth , hauing beene himselfe duke of lancaster , before his assumption of the crowne ; and knowing that the name of duke being an inferiour dignity , would extinguish and bee surrounded in the crowne as in the superiour desired , ( as by that act of parliament appeareth ) not onely to separate the said dutchie of lancaster , and the lands thereof from the crowne , to the intent he might still hold the said dutchie as his ancient patrimony , if he were put from the crowne , being but his new acquired dignity , but also to preserue the said stile , title and name of duke of lancaster , in his posterity ; which as the said act affirmeth , his ancestors had so worthily borne and sustained . afterwards the said henry the fourth , died in the fourteenth yeere of his raigne , and the said henry of munmouth , prince of wales , succeeded him in the kingdome , by the name of king henry the fift , who also in the tenth yeere of his raigne , died , leauing henry his sonne behinde him , being an infant of the age of tenne moneths , who by reason of his tender age , was not ( as by any record extant can be proued ) euer created prince , but was proclaimed king immediately after the death of his father , by the name of king henry the sixt. king henry the sixt , by the aduice and counsell of his lords spirituall and temporall giuen to him in his parliament holden in the thirtie one yeere of his raigne ; did after wards by his charter , bearing date at westminster the fifteenth day of march , in the thirty two yeere of his raigne , created edward his sonne , borne at westminster , by one and the selfesame patent , to be both prince of wales , and earle of chester , and inuested him therin with the vsuall ensignes of that dignitie , as had beene in former time accustomed , to haue and to hold the said dignities to him and his heires , kings of england : which charter is recited in the act of parliament made for the confirmation thereof by parliament , holden at westminster the ninth day of iuly in the three and thirtieth yeere of the raigne of the same king. in which act of parliament , is also recited another charter , likewise confirmed by the said parliament , whereby the said king did giue vnto the said prince , the said principalitie of vvales , together with all his lordships and lands , castles and tenements , by speciall names aboue mentioned , and in the former charters granted and conuaied to the former princes , and the said fee farmes and rents of 113. l. 6. s. 8. d. out of the lordship and towne of buelt , and the said 56. l. 13. s. 4. d. out of the lordship , castle and towne of montgomery , likewise mentioned in the charters of the former prince . to haue and to hold the same to him and his heires kings of england . by the same act of parliament also it was enacted ( because the said prince was then of tender yeeres ) there was assigned vnto him a certaine number of seruants to attend on him according to his estate and dignity , which should beat dyet in the kings house , vntill the said prince should accomplish the age of fourteene yeeres , and that the king should haue all such summes of money as should cleerely remaine vnto the prince , due of all manner issues and reuenues which the prince then had in respect of his said principalitie , dutchie , and earledome , vntill the said age of fourteene yeeres , the said reuenues to be accounted for to the king in his exchequer : reseruing vnto the said prince , vntill he should come to be of the age of eight yeeres , a thousand pound yeerely , and from that age , till he come to fourteene yeeres , two thousand markes yeerely for his wardrobes , wages of seruants , and other necessarie expences . but sauing alwaies vnto the king , the aduousons of bishoprickes and spirituall liuings , and the gifts of all offices , wards , releefes , and escheats belonging to the said prince , vntill he should accomplish the said age of fourteen yeeres , sauing such estate in certaine of the said lands , as the queene had to her before the said time , assured vnto the said prince , should be of the said age of fourteene yeeres , and sauing certaine particular summes of money in the said act of parliament , mentioned as were formerly appointed out of the said lands , as well for expence of the kings of england for their houshold , as otherwise during such particular times as are therein declared : prouided that all offices formerly granted by the king , and needing actuall exercise , and the fees due to the same should not be preiudiced by the said act. afterwards by another charter , the said king doth release vnto the said prince , all the said grant of the said yeerely summes of money issuing out of the reuenues aforesaid ; and all things by the said act granted and appointed vnto the said king , reseruing onely for the same vnto the said king yeerely , fiue hundred twenty seauen markes , foure shillings , seauen pence halfepenny , to be issuing out of the said principality and earledome ; and feauen hundred sixty seauen markes , eleuen shillings seauen pence halfepenny ; yeerely , out of the said dutchy , vntill the said prince should be of eight yeeres of age ; then reseruing out of the said principality and earledome , yeerely vnto the king , two hundred seuenty seuen markes , foure shillings seuen pence halfe penny ; and out of the said dutchy yeerely , fiue hundred and seuenteene markes , eleuen shillings , seauen pence halfe penny , vntill the said age of fourteene yeeres of the prince , for the said dutchy , and to be imployed towards the charges of the kings houshold , and not otherwise . and the said king , by his letters patents , dated the eighteenth of ianuary , in the fiue and thirtieth yeare of his raigne , during the minority of the said prince , ordained the then archbishop of yorke , the then bishop of vvinchester , hereford , couentry , and lichfield , and the lord keeper of the priuie seale ; the earles of shrewesbury , stafford , and vviltes , the then viscount beamont , and also iohn sutton , and thomas stanley , knights , to be of the priuie councell vnto the said prince ; enioyning all officers and ministers of the said prince , that they and euery of them should be obedient in the execution of all commandements and warrants of the said councellors , or at the least , soure of them together , with the assent and consent of the queene in all causes and matters concerning the titles , rights , possessions , and interests of the said prince ; and that the said commandements and warrants should be as auaileable in that behalfe , as if the same had beene made or done by the said prince himselfe , being of full age : which commandement in all leases of the said princes inheritance , was pursued accordingly . in the nine and thirtieth yeere of the said king henry the sixts raigne , he being of the house of lancaster , ( such is the mutability , and so vnstable are all humane things ) that the said king being a man ( as the times then were deuout and religious ) the founder of schooles and colledges , vertuous , and a louer of peace , was by the violence of the heires of the house of yorke , put from his kingdome , and committed to prison , and edward , earle of march , sonne and heire to richard duke of yorke , raigned in his stead , by the name of king edward the fourth . but yet behold the hand of god , for in the tenth yeere of the said king edward the fourth , vpon discontentment , conceiued against him by richard earle of vvarwicke , a man more popular and potent then was fit for a subiect , the said richard , with a collected power , so pressed the king , that he was driuen to flye the realme , and to seeke forraigne aide , seeing his homebred subiects proued so vnfaithfull . then king henry the sixt , after tenne yeeres imprisonment , readepted the kingdome , and in the said tenth yeere of king edward the fourth , wrote the fortie ninth yeere of his raigne , hauing indured tenne yeeres intermission in the computation of his time , as appeareth in the bookes of law of that age . but being thus seated , he was yet vnsetled and after much effusion of bloud ; ( for in a ciuill warre , there is no true victory , in as much as he that preuaileth is also a looser : ) king henry the sixt was compelled againe to giue place to his aduersary , and after to make that part sure , was depriued of life , hauing lost also edward his sonne , prince before spoken of , the hope of all his posterity , in the battell of tewkesbury . edward the fourth , hauing thus gained the crowne , which had beene thus shaken from his head , did by his charter dated the 26. of ●une , in the eleuenth yeere of his raigne , create edward of vvestminster , his sonne , & heire apparant , prince of vvales , and earle of chester . and by another like charter of the same yeere , gaue vnto him the lands and reuenues of the said principality and earledome , to haue and to hold , to him and his heires , kings of england . this edward the prince being of tender yeeres , was borne in the sanctuary of vvestminster , whither the queene his mother was fled for her security ; and during the time that the king her husband had auoided the realme . afterwards the said king by his letters patents , bearing date the eight day of iuly , in the said eleuenth yeere of his raigne ; ordained his queene , the then lord archbishop of canterbury , george duke of clarence , richard duke of gloucester , brothers to the said king . the then bishops of bath and vvels , and durham ; anthony earle riuers , the then abbot of vvestminster , chancellor to the prince , vvilliam hastings knight , lord chamberlaine to the king , richard fynes , lord dacres , steward of the said prince , iohn fogge , iohn scot , knights , thomas vaughan , chamberlaine to the prince , iohn alcocke , and richard fowler , to be of councell vnto the said prince , giuing vnto them , and euery foure of them thereby , with the aduice and expresse consent of the queene , large power to aduise and counsaile the said prince , and to order and dispose the lands , reuenues , and possessions of the said prince , and the nomination of officers belonging to the said prince , when they should happen to become void , or that the parties were insufficient . the said authority thus giuen vnto the said councellors , to continue vntill the said prince should accomplish the age of fourteene yeeres , which was performed by them accordingly in all leases , dispositions , and grants of the reuenues of the said prince . the said king edward the fourth , by one other charter , composed in english , and bearing date the tenth of nouember , in the thirteenth yeere of his raigne , appointed the said earle riuers , being brother vnto the queene , to be the gouernour of the person of the said prince , and to haue the education and the institution of him in all vertues worthy his birth , and to haue the gouernement and direction of his seruants . king edward the fourth hauing raigned full two and twenty yeeres , in the foure and twentieth yeere of his raigne , left this mortall life , ended his dayes at vvestminster , & was enterred at vvindsor . edward the prince his sonne and heire then being at ludlow , necre the marches of wales , for the better ordering of the welsh vnder the gouernment of the said lord riuers his vncle on the mothers side , and vpon the death of his father drawing towards london to prepare for his coronation , fell into the hands of his vncle by the father , richard duke of glocester ; and the said lord riuers being vpon the way towards london was intercepted , and lost his head at pomfret , for what cause i know not other then this , that hee was thought to be too great an obstacle betweene a thirsty tyrannous desire and the thing that was so thirstily and tyrannously desired . edward king of england the fist of that name ( for so he was although he enioyed it not long , being thus surprized vnder the power of his naturall vncle , and yet his mortall enemy ) was brought to london with great solemnity and pompe , and with the great applause of the people , flocking about to behold his person , as the manner of the english nation is to doe , whose new ioyes cannot endure to be ●ettred with any bonds . his said vncle calling himselfe lord protector of the king and his realme , but indeed was the woolfe to whom the lambe was committed ; for hauing thus surprized the kings person , hee laboured by all meanes to get into his possession also the yonger brother being duke of yorke , knowing that they both being sundred , the safety of the yonger would be a meanes to preserue the elder , and therefore by all sinister perswasions and faire pretences hauing obtained the yonger duke from his mother , the king and the duke both for a time remained in the tower of london , and there shortly after both in one bed were in the night smothered to death , and buried in an obscure and secret place vnknowne how and where , vntill one of the executioners thereof after many yeeres being condemned to die for other his manifold crimes , confessed also his guilty fact in this pitifully tragedy , and the circumstance thereof , of which by reason of the secrecy and incertainty , diuers had before that diuersly coniectured . and by this meanes all the prouision for the coronation of innocent edward serued the turne to set the crowne vpon the head of tyrannous richard : out of which by the way i cannot but obserue how hatefull a bloody hand is , to almighty god the king of kings , who reuenged the bloodshed of those ciuill broiles , whereof edward the father had beene the occasion , and the breach of his oath , vpon those his two innocent infants . this tyrant and staine of the english story , richard duke of glocester , vsurped the kingdome by the name of richard the third , and became king ; yet as our records of law witnesse de facto , sed non de iure . and in the first yeere of his reigne created edward his sonne being a child of ten yeeres of age , prince of wales , lieutenant of the realme of ireland . but for that the prosperity of the wicked is but as the florishing of a greene tree , which whiles a man passes by is blasted dead at the roots , and his place knoweth it no more . so shortly afterwards , god raised vp henry earle of richmond the next heire of the house of lancaster , to exteute iustice vpon that vnnaturall and bloody vsurper and to cast him that had beene the rod of gods iudgements vpon others , into the fire also . for in the third yeere of the reigne of the said richard , at the battell of bosworth , whereinto the said richard entred in the morning crowned in all kingly pompe , he was slaine , and his naked carkasse with as much despight as could be deuised was carried out thereof at night , and the said henry earle of richmond , the solomon of england , father to margaret your maiesties great grandmother reigned in his stead , by the name of king henry the seuenth . this king henry the seuenth tooke to wife elizabeth the eldest daughter , and after the death of her brothers , the relict heire of king edward the fourth , by which mariage all occasions of further contention-betweene those noble families of yorke and lancaster were taken away , and vtterly quenched , and the red rose conioyned with the white . the said king henry the seuenth by his letters patents dated the first day of december in the fift yeere of his reigne created arthur his eldest sonne and heire apparant being then about the age of three yeeres , prince of wales . also there was a charter of the grant of the lands of the said principality , earldome of chester , and flint , dated the twenty seuenth of february in the said fift yeere of the said king made vnto the said prince . the said king henry the seuenth by his charter bearing date the twentieth day of march in the eight yeere of his reigne did constitute and appoint the said prince arthur to bee his iustice in the county of salope , hereford , glocester , and the marches of wales , adioyning to the said shires , to enquire of all liberties , priuiledges , and fraunchises , being possessed or claimed , or which then after , should be possessed or claimed by any person or persons , and which were to bee seized into the kings hands , and of all escapes and fellons , and those inquisitions so from time to time to be taken to certifie into the chancery . and by the same charter gaue him power to substitute and appoint others vnder him for the better execution of the same which after wards by commission was executed accordingly . and the said king also by his charter bearing date the fourteenth of iune , in the eight yeere of his reigne made and constituted the said arthur prince of wales , and gouernor , and warden of the marches of england towards scotland , and substituted as his lieutenant and vice-warden vnder him thomas earle of surrey for the due execution thereof . likewise the said king by his letters patents dated the fift day of nouember in the ninth yeere of his reigne in augmentation of the reuenew of the prince did grant vnto the said prince the honor , castle , and lordship of wigmore , and diuers other castles , mannors , and lands , which sometime had beene belonging to the earledome of march , which came to the crowne by king edward the fourth , who was himselfe earle of march before he assumed his regall estate , to haue and to hold during the pleasure of the king , yeelding yeerly the rent of two hundred pounds . this prince was sent into the marches of wales for the gouernment of that country , and in the seuenteenth yeere of the reigne of the said king his father , had a councell of very wise and worthy persons assigned vnto him , as namely , sir richard poole chiefe chamberlaine of the said prince , sir henry vernon , sir richard crofts , sir dauid phillips , sir william v dall , sir thomas englefield , and sir peter newton , knights : iohn wilson , henry marian , doctor william smith president of his councell , and doctor charles , where not long afterwards the said prince died in the castle of ludlow , without issue . after the death of the said prince arthur , king henry the seuenth by his letters patents dated the eighteenth of february in the 19. yeere of his reigne , in parliament created henry then his onely soune who after was king henry the eight , and whom before that in the 11 th . he had made lord lieutenant of ireland by another charter of the same yeere , constable of the castle of douer ; to be prince of wales , and earle of chester , being then about the age of twelue yeeres , to haue and to hold , to him and his heires kings of england for euer , being the like limitation of estate and with the like inuesture as in former times had beene accustomed . but whether the said king did grant the lands and reuenewes belonging to the said principality , vnto the said prince henry or no , as hee had done vnto prince arthur his brother , doth not appeare by any charter that as yet thereof can be found . after the death of king henry the seuenth , the said prince henry was king of england by the name of king henry the eight , he had issue , a sonne called henry , who dyed very yong , hee likewise had issue , the lady mary , afterwards queene , and the lady elizabeth our late soueraigne of most happy memory , and lastly prince edward the yongest in yeeres , who first reigned after the death of his said father by the name of king edward the sixt . but there cannot be found any charters among the records , whereby it may appeare that any of them were created princes of wales , or whereby any of the reuenewes of the said principality were giuen or conferred vnto any of them ; so that it seemeth they were princes generally by their birth , and not princes of wales by any creation or investure ; for in a record of an accompt of the dutchy of cornwall in the time of the said prince edward , he is called by the name of the prince of england , and not by the name of the prince of wales . and thus much touching the succession or rancks of the princes of wales which i haue drawne in an historicall , although a plaine and homely manner , thereby the better to take away the harshnesse of the particularities of records intermingled therewith , which of themselues although they affoord profitable knowledge , yet they doe carry with them small delight ; but also for that the variety of things in those succeeding ages in the sundry occurences and accidents thereof doe yeeld good matter of obseruance and worthy memory , representing as it were the english state for the time of more then two hundred yeeres together . now therefore do rest neuerthelesse three things concerning the said principality to be further considered of . first , in what manner and order the said principality and marches of wales were gouerned and directed vnder the said prince . secondly , what officers aswell domesticall as others , the said princes had about them , and their fees as farre forth as i could come to any certaine knowledge thereof . and thirdly an abstract of the reuenewes of the said principality , as they now stand in charge and be esteemed to your maiesty , whereby may bee perceiued what in time past the said reuenewes haue beene , and in what case they now stand . the manner of the gouernment of the principality and marches of wales . the said principality being vnder the gouernment of the princes of the welsh blood ( whose ancient patrimony yet remained vntill the conquest thereof by king edward the first , as before hath beene shewed ) was guyded , gouerned , and directed by their owne municipall and homebred lawes , and the customes of their country . most of which had their commencement from the constitutions of one of their ancient princes called howell dah , as their historians haue recorded . but being reduced vnder the yoke by the said king edward he diuided certaine parts of that territory into shires ( as hath beene declared ) he caused the welsh lawes to bee perused , some whereof he did allow and approue , some others he did abrogate and disanull ; and in their place appointed new , altogether according to the english manner of executing iustice . hee caused to be deuised ce taine briefes , writs , or formulaeturis ; and he instituted their manner of processe , pleadings , and course of their iudiciall proceedings . all which things doe manisestly appeare by the act of parliament made at rithlan in wales , called therefore statutum walliae , which afore is remembred , and when they want a writ of forme to serue the present case , then vse they the writ of quod ei deforciat , which supplieth that defect . and although the principality of wales , as hath appeared by some of the records aboue mentioned , were diuided into three prouinces , northwales , southwales , and westwales ; for so in some of the former patents they are mentioned , yet for the iurisdiction thereof , it was diuided into two parts , northwales , and southwales : for a great part of westwales was comprehended within the shire of pembrooke , which is a very ancient shire of wales , and the territory thereof conquered by the english , in the time of william rufus . long time before the generall conquest of wales by richard strangbow , being english , and the earle thereof , and called also by some earle of strigulia , or chepstow , was the first that attempted the conquest of ireland , in the dayes of henry the second , which was aboue an hundred yeeres before the conquest of wales by king edward the first . this earledome of pembrooke had in ancient time palatine iurisdiction , and therefore in some records is called regalis comitatus pembrochiae . the prouinces of northwales and southwales were gouerned for law in this manner . the prince had and vsed to hold a chancery , and a court of exchequer in the castle of carnarvon for northwales , and had a iudge or iustice which ministred iustice there to all the inhabitants of northwales , and therefore was called the iustice of northwales . the like courts of chancery and exchequer he held in the castle of carmarthen for southwales , where he had a iustice also called the iustice of southwales , and the courts of their iustices or iudges so held within their seuerall prouinces , were called the great sessions of those prouinces , and sometimes these iustices were itinerant , and sate in euery of the seuerall counties of his prouince , in these great sessions the causes of greatest moment , reall , personall and mixt , and pleas of the crowne concerning life and members , were heard and determined . in these great courts also vpon creation of euery new prince , there were granted by the people of that prouince vnto the prince , nomine recognitionis ad primum adventum principis , certaine summes of money as it were in acknowledgement or reliefe of the new prince , which summes of money are called by them mises . these mises or summes of money were granted by the people vnto the prince for his allowance of their lawes and ancient customes , and a generall pardon of their offences fineable or punishable by the prince , and that summe of these mises for the shire of carmerthen only , amounted vnto eight hundred markes , and for the shire of cardigan the totall summe of these mises amounted vnto sixe hundred markes , as by sundry records doth appeare ; these summes of mony were paid at certaine daies by seuerall portions , such as were appointed , and in the said sessions agreed vpon . also in ●u●ry shire of eu●ry of the said prouinces there were holden certaine inferior courts , called therefore county courts , and shire courts , and tournes , after the manner of england ; and which by some were also the petty sessions . and there were also courts inferior in sundry counties for ending of causes of lesse moment and importance ; and if any wrong iudgement were giuen in any of these courts inferior , the same was redressed by a writ of false iudgement in the court superior . and if any ●rronious iudgement were giuen in the great sessions , which was the supreme court of iustice , that error was either redressed by the iudgement of penall iustices itinerant , or else in the parliament , and not otherwise in any the courts of iustice now at westminster . as touching the gouernment of the marches of wales , it appeareth by diuers ancient monuments that the conqueror after hee had conquered the english , placed diuers of his norman nobility vpon the confines and borders towards wales , and erected the earldome of chester , being vpon the borders of northwales , to palatine , and gaue power vnto the said persons thus placed vpon those borders , to make such conquests vpon the welsh , as they by their strength could accomplish , holding ▪ it a very good policy , thereby not only to encourage them to be more willing to serue him , but also to prouide for them at other mens costs and hereupon further ordained that the lands so conquered , should be holden of the crowne of england in capite , and vpon this and such like occasions d●uers of the nobility of england hauing lands vpon the said borders of wales made roades and incursions vpon the welsh , whereby diuers parts of that country neere or towards the said borders were wonne by the sword from the welshmen , and were planted partly with ●nglish collonies ; and and the said lands so conquered , were holden per baronia , and were called therefore baronyes , marchers . in such manner did robert fitzhamo● acquire vnto himselfe , and such others as assisted him , the whole lordship of glamorgan ; vs●●g in some resemblance the roman policy , to enlarge territories by stepping in betweene two competitors , and by helping the one hee subdued the other , and after ●urning his ●word against him whom he assisted , and making this the pretence of his quarrel alleadge that he whom he had assisted , had denied to make vnto him sufficient recompence for his susteined trauils , and so made himsel●e abso'ute owner of all , likewise barnard newmarch conqu●●ed the lordship of brecknock , containing three cantreds , and established his conquest by a mariage in the welsh blood : h●gh lacy conquered the lands of ewyas , called after his name ewyas lacy , and others did the like in other places of the borders , all which were baronies , marchers , and were holden by such the conquerors thereof in capite of the crowne of england , and because they and their posterity might the better keepe the said lands so acquired , and that they might not bee withdrawne by suits of law from the defence of that which they had thus subdued . the said lordships and lands so conquered , were ordained baronies marchers ▪ and ●ad a kinde of palatine ●urisdiction erected in ●u●ry of them , and power to administer iustice vnto their tenants in euery of their territories ; hauing therein , courts with diuers priuiledges , franchises , and immunities ; so that the writs of ordinary iustice , out of the kings courts , were for the most part not currant amongst them . neuerthelesse if the whole barony had come in question , or that the strife had beene two barons marchers , touching their territories or confines thereof : for want of a superiour , they had recourse vnto the king their supreame lord ; and in these and such like cases , where their owne iurisdiction failed , iustice was vnministred vnto them in the superiour courts of this realme . and this was the state of the gouernement of the marches of wales , both before and after the generall conquest of wales , made by king edward the first , as hath beene declared , vntill the seauen and twentieth yeere of king henry the eight . and as touching the first councell , established in the marches of vvales , it is conceiued by the best and most probable opinions amongst antiquaries , that the same began in or about the seauenteenth yeere of king edward the fourth , when as prince edward his sonne was sent vnto the marches of vvales , vnder the tuition of the lord ri●ers his vncle by the mothers side , as a●ore hath appeared : and at what time also ●ohn , bishop of vvorcester , was appointed lord president of vvales . prince arthure , the sonne of king henry the seauenth , in the seauenteenth yeere of the raigne of the said king , went into vvales ; at what time , doctor vvilliam smith was then president of the councell of the marches of vvales , who was after bishop of lincolne , and founder of the colledge of br●sen nose , in the vniuersity of oxford . this man was also president in the time of king henry the eight , vntill the fourth yeere of the raigne of the same king ; at what time ●effry blyth bishop of couentry and lichfield , succeeded in the office of president of the said councell . the lady mary , eldest daughter of king henry the eight , and afterwards queene , did carry the title of princes of vvales for a while , although the parent of her creation bee not now to be found : vnder whom , ●ohn voysey doctor of the lawes , and afterwards bishop of exceter , was president of that councell . there succeeded him in the office of president of the councell of the marches of wales , rowland lee , bishop of couentry and lichfield . and this was the state and gouernement of the principality and marches of wales , in the seauen and twentieth yeere of king henry the eight . the said king by a statute made in the seauen and twentieth yeere of his raigne , vnited and annexed the principality and dominion of wales vnto the realme of england ; altering in many parts , the former iurisdiction and gouernement thereof , bringing the same to the like administration of iustice as was , and yet is vsuall in england : appointing that the lawes of england should take place there , and that all welsh lawes , sinister customes and tenures , not agreeable to the lawes of england , should be thenceforth for euer abrogated and abolished . of which vnion and annexation , first for that there of hath ensued great peace , tranquility , ciuility , and infinite good to the inhabitants of that country of wales . secondly , because in some respect it may serue as a proiect and president of some other vnion and annexation by your maiesty , of as much , or of more consequence and importance : and thirdly , because the same vnion doth containe an expresse image of the politique gouernement of the realme of england . i haue presumed with conuenient breuity vpon this good occasion here in this place to expresse the same : therefore whereas in former time there had beene in wales anciently eight seuerall shires or counties , besides the county of munmouth , which was the ninth , and that some other territories in wales were then no shire grounds , by reason where of the lawes of england could haue no currant passage therein . for all the ordinary ministers and executioners of the processe of the lawes of england , or which haue vicountiell iurisdiction , are the officers of particular shires , as the sheriffes , the coroners , the escheators , and such like . therefore by the said act of parliament , there are erected in wales , foure other new ordayned shires of the lands not formerly so diuided ; namely , the seuerall shires of radnor , brecknock , montgomery , and denbyh ; and those also together with the former ancient shires , are by that act of parliament , and by the statute of 38. h. 8. subdiuided into cantreds , and all the marche grounds being then neither any part of wales , although formerly conquered out of wales , neither any part of the shires of england . the said king by his said act of parliament , did annexe and vnite , partly vnto the said shires of england , and partly vnto the shires of vvales , next adioyning , as was thought then ( by reason of vicinity of place , and other correspondency ) most conuenient , as by the said acts of parliament appeareth : which the said king was the rather occasioned to doe , for most of the said baronies marchers were then in his owne hands . and for that also diuers murthers , rapes , robberies , and enormities had beene there committed ; and by reason of the flight of the offenders , from one barony , as is vsuall vpon the borders , they had escaped due and condigne punishment for their such enormities and odious offences . he ordained also that the countie of mounmouth , formerly being a shire of wales , should be gouerned from thenceforth in like manner , and by the same iudges , as other the shires of england . and for the other twelue shires , he ordained a speciall iurisdiction and officers , but yet in substance , agreable , and after the manner of the english lawes , although for the circumstance of time , and place , and persons , in some few things discordant . he ordained , that out of euery of the said shires of wales , there should be one knight , and out of euery of the shire townes of wales , named in the said act of parliament , there should be one burgesse elected , after the english manner : which knights and burgesses so selected , and duly vpon summons of euery parliament in england , returned , should haue place and voice in the parliament of england , as other the knights and burgesses of england vsed to haue . and for the administration of iustice in the said twelue shires of wales , there was by the act of parliament of 34. h. 8. ordained soure seuerall circuits , precyncts , or conuentus iuridicus , allotting to euery of them , three of those shires , so that the chiefe iustice of chester hath vnder his iurisdiction , the three seuerall shires of denbigh , flint , and montgomery ; his fee is yeerely , 100. l. the shires of carnarnon , merioneth , and anglesey , are vnder the iustice of north-wales , whose fee is 50. l. the counties of carmardin , pembrooke , and cardigan , haue also their iustice , whose yeerely fee is 50. l. the counties of radnor , brecknocke , and glamorgan , haue also their iustice , whose fee is yeerely 50. l. after by an act of parliament made 18. eliz. cap. 8. one other iustice assistant , was ordained to the former iustices : so that now euery of the said foure circuits , haue two iustices , viz. one chiefe iustice , and a second iustice assistant . their jurisdiction . these iustices in euery of their circuits , haue almost the same iurisdiction , that the ancient iustices in eyre , or iustices itinerant had . first , they had power to heare and determine all criminall causes which are called in the lawes of england , the pleas of the crowne : and herein they haue the same absolute iurisdiction , that the iustices haue of your maiesties bench , commonly called the kings bench. they haue also iurisdiction to heare and determine all ciuill causes , which are called in the lawes of england , common pleas , and to take the acknowledgement of all fines , leuied of lands or hereditaments , without suing any dedimus potestatem ; and herein they haue the same iurisdiction , that the iustices of the common place doe execute in the hall at westminster . also they may heare and determine all assizes vpon disseisons of lands or hereditaments , wherein they equall the iurisdiction of the iustices of affize . they may heare and determine all notable violences and outrages perpetrated or done within their seuerall precyncts , and therein they haue the power , authority , and iurisdiction of the iustices of oyer and terminer . their chauncery seale and writs . forasmuch as no suit can commence between party and party , nor orderly iustice can bee done without complaint of the pursuant , and summons and monition giuen vnto the defendant : which summons , the policy of england from the beginning of the first foundation of this common-wealth hath appointed to be performed by that kinde of formulae iuris , which the common law calleth a writ or briefe : so called as bracton saith , breue quia rem quae est et intentionē petent is breuiter ●narrat , and which writ is alwaies conceiued in forme in the kings name , in manner of a precept royall , and sealed with the kings great seale . therefore in the appointing of this iurisdiction , there is ordained to euery circuit or precynct , a seuerall seale for the sealing of such writs and commissions as the case shall require within that circuit . and forasmuch as all writs are either originall , such as doe begin the sute , or else iudiciall , such as command and warrant the execution ; therefore it is by the said statute made in 34. h. 8. ordained that the seale seruing for originall proces in the seuerall shires of denbigh and montgomery , should be in the custody of the chamberlaine of denbigh ; and that the originall seale of chester , shall be , and stand for the originall seale of flint , and shall be in the custody of the chamberlaine of chester . the like seale seruing for the seuerall shires of carnaruon , merioneth , and anglesey , to be in the custody of the chamberlaine of north-wales . the like seale concerning the seuerall shires of radnor , brecknock , and glamorgan , is committed to the custody of the steward of brecknock . and finally , the like seale seruing the seuerall shires of carmarden , pembrooke , and cardigan , is in the vsage of the chamberlaine of south-wales . these chamberlaines are as chancellors in this behalfe , and haue the sealing of all originall writs and commissions , within their seuerall precyncts , and these chamberlaines may also award out seuerall writs to all vnder-receiuers of the reuenues and ministers to make their accounts . the seale for the sealing of iudiciall writs , is appointed by the said statute of 34. h. 8. to be and remaine by the iustices of euery of the said circuits for the more expedite execution of their iudgements . their sessions and manner of sittings . every of these iustices in their seuerall circuits , shall be itinerant twice euery yeere , and sit in euery of the shires within their authority , by the space of sixe dayes together , at a place certaine by them to be appointed ; and vpon proclamation of summons to be made fifteen daies before the said sittings , where all persons requiring iustice , may purchase their writs , and proceed in their suits . and where adiournements of the causes there depending , shall be de die in diem , and if the cause can haue no end during the sitting , then from sessions to sessions , as the nature of the businesse shall require , and according to the discretion of the said iustices : and these sittings are called the great session . and if there shall be such multitude of pleas personall , as that they cannot be tried at the same great sessions , then the issues there in tryall , shall and may be tried at some other sessions before the deputy iustice , which is therefore called the petty sessions . and if any erronious iudgement be giuen by the said iustices in any reall action , the same shall be reuersed by writ of error , before the iustices of the kings bench. and if the said erronious iudgement shall be in any action personall , the same shall be reuersed by bill before the lord president of the marches and councell there . officers , ministers , clarkes , and writers for the expediting of the said great sessions . first , there are the chamberlaines of euery of the said circuits , as hath beene said , who are properly and originally the treasurers of the reuenue within their charge , and by the said statutes , are also keepers of the seales as aforesaid , wherein they doe vndertake in part the office of a chauncellor . and in euery of the said circuits , there is the atturney or regius aduocatus and sollicitor . there is a prothonotary or chiefe register , who draweth all the pleadings , entreth and ingrosseth the records and iudgements in ciuill causes , and ingrossing fynes . and there is also a clarke of the crowne , which draweth and ingrosseth all inditements and proceedings , arraignements and iudgements in criminall causes . and these two officers are at your maiesties appointment . there is a marshall to attend the persons of the iudges at their common sitting , and going from the sessions or court. there is a cryer , tanquam publicus preco , to call forth such persons , whose apparances are necessary , and to impose silence to the people . and these two officers last remembred , are disposed by the iustices . and thus much touching the iustices of the great sessions . there are also other ordinary officers appointed for euery shire in wales , by the said statute of 34. h. 8. such and in like manner as in other the shires of england . there is a commission vnder the great scale of england , to certaine gentlemen , giuing them power to preserue the peace , and to resist and punish all turbulent persons , whose misdemeanour may tend to the disquiet of the people : and these are called the iustices of peace , and euery of them may well be termed eirenarcha . the chiefe of them is called custos rotulorum , in whose custody all the records of their proceedings are resident . others there are of that number , called iustices of the peace , and quorum , because in their commissions , whereby they haue power to sit and determine causes , concerning breach of peace and misbehauiour ; the words of their commission are conceined this quorum , such and such , vnum vel duos , &c. esse volumus , and without some one or more of them of the quorum . no sessions can be holden , and for the auoyding of a superfluous number of such iustices ; for through the ambition of many , it is counted a credit to be burthened with that authority . the statute of 34. h. 8. hath expresly prohibited , that there shall be but eight iustices of peace within euery of the counties and shires of wales ; which if the number were not indefinite for the shires of england , it were the better . these iustices doe hold their sessions quarterly . and it is further ordained by the said statute of 34. h. 8. that two iustices of peace , where of one to be of the quorum , may hold their sessions without any greater number . in euery of the said shires where the said commission of the peace is established . there is also a clarke of the peace for the entring and ingrossing of all proceedings before the said iustices and this officer is appointed by the custos rotulorum . euery of the said shires hath his sheriffe , which word being of the saxon english , is as much to say , as a sbire reeue , or minister , or bayliffe of the countie : his function or office is two fold , ministeriall or iudiciall . as touching his ministeriall office , he is the minister and executioner of all the proces and precepts of the courts of law , and thereof ought to make return or certificate . and as touching his iudiciall office , he hath authority to hold two seuerall courts of distinct natures , the one called the tourne , because he keepeth a tourne or circuit about his shire , holding the same in seuerall places ; wherein he doth inquire of all offences perpetrated against the common law , and not forbidden by any statute or act of parliament . and the iurisdiction of this court , is deriued from iustice distributiue , and is for criminall offences . the other is called the county court , where he doth determine all petty and small causes . ciuill vnder the value of forty shillings , arising within the said county ; and thereof it is called the countie court. and the iutisdiction of this court is drawne from iustice commutatiue , and is held euery moneth . the office of the sheriffe is annuall , and by the statute of 34. h. 8. it is ordained , that the lord president , councell and iustices of wales , or three of them at the least , where of the president to be one , shall yeerely nominate three fit persons for that office , of whom the kings maiestie may elect and chose one , who thereupon shall haue his patent , and be sheriffe of the said shire . euery of the said shires hath an officer , called an escheator , which is an officer to attend the kings reuenue , and to seaze into his maiesties hands , all lands , either escheated , goods or lands for seited , and therefore he is called escheator , and he is to enquire by good enquest , of the death of the kings tenants , and to whom their lands are descended ; and to seaze their bodies and lands for ward , if they be within age , and is accountable for the same . and this officer in wales is named by the lord treasurer of england , by the aduice of the lord president , councell , and iustices , or three of them at the least , whereof the lord president to be one . there are also in euery of the said shires , two officers , called coroners ; they are to enquire by inquest , in what manner , and by whom euery person dying of a violent death , came to his death , and to enter the same of record , which is matter criminall , and a plea of the crowne , and thereof they are called coroners or crowners , as one hath written , because their enquiries ought to be publique , & in corona populi . these officers are chosen by the free-holders of the shire , by vertue of a writ out of the chauncery de coronatore eligendo ; and of them i need not to speake more , because these officers are elsewhere . forasmuch as euery shire is diuided into hundreds , there are also by the said statute of 34. h. 8. cap. 26. ordained that two sufficient gentlemen or yeomen shall be appointed constables of euery hundred . also there is in euery shire , one goale or prison appointed for the restraint of liberty of such persons , as for their offences are therunto committed , vntill they shall be deliuered by course of law . finally , in euery hundred of euery of the said shires , the sheriffes thereof shall nominate sufficient persons to be bayliffes of that hundred , and vnderministers of the sheriffe , and they are to attend vpon the iustices in euery of their courts , and sessions . the gouernment of the marches of vvales , after the statutes of an . 27. & 34. h. 8. by the said statute of 34. h. 8. ca. 26. it is further ordayned that the president and councell in the said dominion and principality of wales , and the marches of the same , with all officers , clarks and incidents thereunto , should continue and remaine in manner and forme as was then formerly vsed and accustomed . and therefore the said rowland lee spoken of before , being lord president of the councell of the marches of wales at the time of the making of the said statute , so continued after the making thereof , vntill his death , being in the foure and thirtieth yeere of the said king henry the eight . after whom succeeded in the office of the said president richard samson , bishop first of chester , and after remoued to couentry and litchfield , who continued lord president vntill the second yeere of king edward the sixt , at what time iohn d●dley then earle of warwick , and after duke of northumberland , was president of the said councell , who so continued vntill the fourth yeere of the said king. and after him succeeded sir william herbert knight of the noble order of the garter , and after earle of pembrooke , who continued president vntill the first yeere of queene mary . next succeeded nicholas heath , then bishop of worcester , and after archbishop of yorke , and lord chancellor of england . and vpon the remouing of the said archbishop , the said sir william herbert againe succeded as president of the said councell , vntill the sixt yeere of the said queene mary , at what time followed him gilbert browne , bishop of bath and vvels , who so continued vntill the death of the same queene . in the beginning of the reigne of the late queene elizabeth , sir iohn vvilliams , lord vvilliams of tame , of whom the lord norris is descended , was appointed president of the said councell , and died the same yeere . and after him succeeded sir henry sidney , knight of the noble order of the garter , whose loue to learning , & fauour to learned men , need not here to be spoken , he continued lord president of wales about foure and twenty yeeres and six moneths , he serued in ireland eight yeeres and six months , being there three seuerall times lord deputy generall in that country . during some part of the time of the aboade in ireland of the said sir henry sidney , there serued in ireland as president or vice-president , iohn , bishop of vvorcester , and now lord archbishop of canterbury . after this succeeded henry earle of pembrooke , sonne in law to the said sir henry sidney , and father to the right honorable the earle of pembrooke that now is . and after him edward lord zouch , now present lord president of that councell . the president and councell of the marches of wales haue power and authority to heare and determine by their wisdomes and discretions , such causes and matters as bee or shall bee assigned to them by the kings maiesty , and in such manner as shall be so prescribed vnto them by instruction signed with his hand . the councell assisting the lord prince , consisteth of these , the chiefe iustice of chester , together with three other of the said iustices of wales , who after their sessions ended , are for the most part resident at the councell ; and these are ordinary ; there are diuers extraordinaries , both lords and knights , and such others as are learned in the lawes , and are to be called to councell when the lord president shall thinke requisite , and euery such of the councell extraordinary learned in the lawes , when they are called , and doe serue there , they are allowed their diet for them and their men , and sixe shillings eight pence per dum , during the time of their attendance . the officers there seruing to the administration of iustice ( as i am informed ) are these : the clarke of the counsell , the clarke of the signet , the register : all which were granted to one man by the late queene elizabeth , and are executed by his deputy , the examiner , the remembrancer , the receiuer of the fines , the attorney , the solicitor , the porter : to whose custody such delinquents as deserue to suffer restraint of liberty are committed , &c. two messengers , and a serieant at armes . and thus much , briefly , touching the ancient and moderne estate and gouernment of the principality of vvales , and of the marches of the same . next followeth to be considered ( according to the former order proposed ) the ancient and moderne officers of the sayd principality seruing the lord prince , and what fees and sallary were allowed vnto them . the ancient officers their names and fees collected out of diuers ancient accompts , were these following . in northwales . the iustice of northwales whose ancient fee was vncertain , but yet for the most part yeerly his fee was 50. l. howbeit i finde that sir william stanley knight , to whom king henry the seuenth gaue the office of iustice of nothwa●es ; for his life he had the yeerly fee of 133. l. 8. s. 8. d. a. ● . h. 7. but this seemeth to haue beene of fauor . ▪ 50. l. the chamberlaine of northwales whose ancient fee was yeerely — 20. l. the auditor of northwales , viz. chester and flint , his ancient fee was 10. l. yeerly , with allowance of 10. s. per diem , while he was in executing this office , and finishing the accompt . — 10. l. the comptroller of all pleas , fines , amerciaments , and redemptions , or ransomes , his yeerly fee was — 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. the atturney for northwales , viz. of the counties of carnarvon , merioneth , and anglesey , his fee was yeerly — 56. s. 8. d. the supervisor or surueyor of the castles , manners , lands , tenements , and hereditaments of the prince in northwales , his yeerly fee was — 10. l. the constable of the castle of carnarvon , his fee was vncertaine , sometimes 60. l. and sometimes but — 40. l. the captaine of the towne of carnarvon , his fee was yeerly 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. and some times one man had both the offices of constable of the castle , and captaine of the towne hauing 60. l. yeerly for both the offices . — 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. there were allowed sometime vnto the said constable and captaine 24. souldiers for the safe custody of the castle and towne , and euery of them was allowed 4. ds per diem , amounting in the whole vnto 146. l. by the yeere . — 146. l. the porter of the gates of the said towne of carnarvon , whose fee was yeerly — 3. l. 10. d. the constable of the castle of conway , his fee was yeerly , sometimes 40. l. and sometimes — 50. l. the captaine of the towne of conway had for his yeerly fee 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. and most commonly he that was constable of the castle , was also captaine of the towne . — 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. there were also allowed to the said constable and captaine 24 souldiers for the safe custody of the said towne and castle , and euery of them was allowed 4. d per diem , amounting yeerly to — 146. l. the keeper and porter of the gates of conway , his fee was — 4. d. per diem . the constable of the castle of hardlaigh in the county of merioneth his fee yeerly was 26. l. 13. s. 4. d in some accompts he was allowed 50. l. which i thinke was for ●oth offices of constable and captaine . — 26. l. 13. s. 4. d. there were also allowed 24 souldiers for the guard of the said towne and castle of hard●aigh , their wages amounting yeerly to — 146. l. the constable of the castle of bewmarisse , his yeerly fee was — 40. l. the captaine of the towne of bewmarisse , his yeerely fee was — 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. there were also 24. souldiers allowed for the guard of the said towne and castle of bewmarisse , euery of which were allowed 4. d. per diem , amounting to — 146. l. the porter or keeper of the gate of bewmarisse had for his fee — 9. l. 2. s. 6. d. the chiefe forrester of the forrest of snowdon , his fee. — 11. l. 8. s. the office of the steward of the townes of newborough and roffaire , his fee was yeerly — 10. l. the marshall and keeper of the iustice house in the towne of carnarvon , his yeerly fee was — 26. s. 8. d. the clarke of the great sessions i finde not . there was a court of exchequer of the princes reuenewes for northwales holden in the castle of carnarvon , in which court there were certaine fees allowed for expences of parchment , paper , bagges for money , and for portage of mony , and such other small charges , which were variable according to the occasions and times southwales . the iustice of southwales , whose ancient fee was yeerly 20. l. at some times — 40. l. the auditor of southwales , his ancient fee was yeerly 40. l. but sometimes his fee was but 20. l. and 5. s. per diem , whiles he exercised his office . the atturney of south wales , who had yeerly for his fee — 8. l. 13. s. 4. d. the constable and vsher of the castle of carmarthen , whose yeerly fee was — 20. l. the sherife of the county of carmarthen , whose yeerly fee was — 50. s. the steward generall of the comets of the county of carmarthens fee — 6. l. 13. s. 4. d. the clarke of the county , courts , and small sessions in the county of carmarthen , his yeerly fee — 40. s. the cryer of the county , courts , and small sessions in the said county , whose fee is yeerly — 6. s. 8. d. the steward of the welsh courts in the county of carmarthen , his fee — 6. l. 13. s. 4. d. the office of the penkeys in the comets of widegada and elvet fee — 4. s. the steward of the vvelsh courts of widegada and elvet , his yeerly fee — 3. l. 6. s. 8. d. the clark of the vvelsh courts of widegada and elvet , whose yeerly fee — 6. s. 8. d. the bailiffe itinerant for carmarthen , whose yeerly fee was — 5. l. the bailiefe itenerant for gantree , whose yeerly fee was — 6. l. 13. s. 4. d. the constable of the castle of cardigan , whose ancient fee was yeerly — 40. l. the sherife of the county of cardigan , whose yeerly fee is — 5. l. the clarke of the county , courts , t●rnes , and small sessions of the county of cardigan , his yeerly fee was — 40. s. the cryer of the county , courts , and small sessions in the said county , fee — 6. s. 8. d. the clarke of the hundreds in cardigan , his fee was yeerly — 6. s. 8. d. the steward of the vvelsh courts in the county of cardigan , his fee was — 10. l. the clarke for writing the rols in the vvelsh courts , his yeerly fee was in the county of cardigan — 6. s. 8. d. the clarke for writing of the rols in the comets of isherwen , his yeerly fee — 6. s. 8. d. the bailife itinerant of cardigan , his ancient fee was yeerly — 5. l. the bailife itinerant for lampaderne , his yeerly fee was — 6. l. 13. s. 4 d. : the captaine of the towne ●f abeenstowith , his yeerly fee was 18. l. 5. s. he was allowed twelue archers for the custody of the said towne and castle . the escheator for the two shires of carmarthen and cardigan , his yeerly fee — 10. l. the clarke of the great sessions for both the counties of carmarthen and cardigan , his yeerly fee was — 5. l. there was a court of exchequer likewise for the reuenewes of the prince of southwales , kept in the castle of carmarthen , and yeerly allowances for the expences thereof , as in the prouince of northwales . by this it appeareth that the prouince of southwales chargeable to the prince , extended for the most part into the two counties of carmarthen and cardigan , the rest of southwales , as munmoth and glamorgan , &c. were in the hands of others , as before hath appeared . the reason of the difference of the officers that were in southwales from those that were in northwales was , for that northwales was diuided in counties , and framed into shires , and ordered according to the english lawes by the statute made at ruthlane , called statutum walliae , often before mentioned , made in the time of king edward the first , whereas southwales neuerthelesse remained gouerned in some things according to the welsh lawes and customes , euen vntill the said statute made in an . 27. h. 8. thus much concerning the officers of both prouinces of northwales and southwales . the prouince of wales had also diuers and sundry officers about his person , and of his houshold , which were these that follow , as they are collected out of records , where mention is made of them . the councell of the prince , consisting of diuers honourable , worshipfull and learned persons , to councell , for the leasing and good disposing of his reuenues . the gouernour of the princes person to whom the education and institution of the yong prince was committed . such was the lord riuers vnto prince edward , i 〈…〉 to king edward the fourth , wherein also the queene , mother vnto the prince ; had a speciall interest , for few things were done concerning the prince , without her priuity and advice . the chamberlaine to the prince , it appeareth that richard ●e 〈…〉 b 〈…〉 e was chamberlaine to the blacke prince , sonne and heire to king edward the third : and sir thomas poole was chiefe chamberlaine to prince arth●re : so was thomas v 〈…〉 , to prince edward , sonne to king edward the fourth . the attourney generall to the prince ▪ william ruddall was sometimes attourney to the prince . the clarke of the princes councell , or secretary , and the keeper of his bookes , writings , and records , his fee was 10. l. per annum , and his dy 〈…〉 ▪ one thomas tamworth had this office . the vsher of the councell chamber of the prince , his fee was 10. l. per annum , and his charges for attendance of the councell there ; one thomas 〈◊〉 sometimes and this office . the gentleman vsher of the princes priuie chamber , sir thomas wroth had this office to prince edward in the life of king h. 8. and yet was that prince neuer created prince of wales . the keeper of the princes wardrobe , who sometimes was one giles danies , and had a patent there of with a fee of 5. l. 10. s. yeerely . these officers that follow , are principally necessary , besides many other officers inferiour left out and ●● doubt did serue the princes of this realme , although no mention of them of record . the treasurer or receiuer generall of the prince of all his reuenues , which appeareth in this , that he had his generall exchequer at westminster . the princes chiefe secretary . the master of the princes horses , vnder whom are his equiryes , and those that teach him to ride . the school masters of the prince , as namely , those that teach him the arts and philosophy . the tongues , as the french , italian , spanish , &c. the principles of the lawes of the realme , and of the ciuill and ecclesiasticall lawes . a note of the officers both moderne and present of the locall principality of wales , which officers are allowed fees and other charges going out of the said principality , as doth appeare by diuers accounts before the auditors the last yeere , viz. the 44. yeere of elizabeth . the chamberlaine of north-wales in the counties of carnaruon , anglesey , and merioneth , his yeerely fee is — — — 20. l. the constable of the castle of carnaruon , his yeerely fee is — — — — — — 60. l. 10. d. the p 〈…〉 ●f 〈…〉 of c 〈…〉 3. l. 10. d. the porter of the towne of conway — — 6. l. 1. s. 8. d. the constable of the towne of conway — 1● . l. 6. s. 8. d. the said two iustices are allowed yeerely , white they are in circuit in the time of the great sessions . 6. l. the two iustices for the counties of carnaruon , anglesey , ●●d merioneth ▪ each of them ●a●ing for his yeerely fee ▪ ●● . l. amounting in the whole to the summe of — 100. l. the attourney in the three counties aforesaid , is allowed for his yeerely fee — 6. l. 6. s. 8. d. the chiefe forrester of snowdon his fee — ●1 . l. 8. s. 1. d. the 〈…〉 er of the pleas , fines , and redemptions before the iustices of north-wales , his yeerely fee was — 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. the fee of the marshall and keeper of the sh●rehouse in the counties of carnaruon , anglesey , and merioneth — 2. l. 6. s. 8. d. the protonotary and clarke of the great sessions is allowed for a reward for his labour , in ingrossing of the estreats of the sessions holden in the said three counties — 3. l. 6. s. 8. d. the barons of the exchequer of carnaruon — 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. for their attendance at carnaruon yeerely — 40. s. towards the expences allowed the clarke of the exchequer attending the great ●●ssio●● in the said counties of anglesey and merioneth , for writing of the originall writs of euery sessions — 10. s. for the expences of parchment , paper , inke , and other necessaries spent in the office of the clarke of the crowne — 26. s. 8. d. the cryer , whose yeerely fee is — 13. s. 4. d. for expences of paper , parchment , inke , and other necessaries spent in the exquerer at carnaruon , and for bags to put money in — 1. l. 10. s. for expence of bayliffes itinerant , bringing the writs for collecting of the money by the receiuers . 1● . s. summa totalis of carnaruon is 303. l 19. d ▪ the constable of the castle of bewmarris , and captaine of the towne , whose yeerely fee was — 26. l. 13. s. 4. d. the steward of m●ney , whose fee was yeerely — 5. l. the steward of rossaire , whose fee was yeerely — 20. s. summa totalis anglesey 32. l. 13. s. 4. d the constable of the castle of hardleigh , whose fee is yeerely — 50. l. the auditors , whose yeerely fees are — 61. l. 18. s. 4. d. and for their charges , they are allowed — 90. l. the receiuer , whose yeerely fee and allowance for portage of money — 30. l. 1● . s. 6. d. the surueyo● , whose-yeerely fee is — 20. l. the woodward , whose yeerely fee is — 10. l. summa totalis for merioneth 262. l. 16. ● . 10. d. the totall summe for north-wales 599. l. 8. ● ▪ 5. south-wales . the protonotary and clarke of the crowne , in the counties of cardigan , carmarden , pembrooke , and the towne of hauerford-west , whose fee is — 40. s. the 〈…〉 in the counties of 〈…〉 , cardigan , pembrooke , brecknock , and radnor , whose yeerely ●eeis — ● . l. 13. s. 4. d. the stewards of the welsh courts , whose yeerely fee is — 6. l. the sheriffe of cardigan , whose fee is — 5. l. summa totalis of cardigan 21. l. 13. s. 4d . the chamberlaine and chancellor of carmarden , whose yeerely fee is — 35. l. 11. s. 8. d. the cryer of the great sessions holden in the counties of carmarden , cardigan , and pembrooke , whose fee is — 6. s. 8. d. the constable of the castle of carmarden , whose yeerely fee is — 20. l. the steward of the welsh courts of the countie of carmarden , whose fee is — 10. l. the iustices of the counties of carmarden and cardigan , their yeerely fee is to each of them , 50. l. and they are allowed for their dyet in the times of their great sessions — 40. l. there is paid yeerely to the protonotary , and clarkes of the crowne for their trauell in making and ingrossing the estreats of the great sessions — 5. l. summa total is carmarden — 215. l. 19. s. 8. d. the present reuenue of the principality of wales , as the same was in charge before the auditors this last yeere past , viz. 44 elizabeth . the farme and yeerely rents certaine of the mannors , lands , and tenements , in the countie of carnaruon , amounteth vnto 423. l. 3. s. 4. d. ob . q. the casuall profits thereof , 76. l. 19. s. 9. d. ob . summa totalis is — 500. l. 3. s. q. the farme and yeerely rents certaine of the mannors , lands , and tenements in the county of anglesey , 398. l. 19. s. 11. d. q. the casuall profits thereof , 26. l. 10. s. 10. d. summa totalis is — 425. l. 10. s. 9. d. q. the farme and yeerely rent certaine of the manners , lands , and tenements in the countie of merioneth 202. l. 9. s. ob . q. the casuall profits 60. l. 16. s. 10. d. summa totalis is — 263. l. 5. s. 10. d. ob . q ▪ summa totalis of north-wales yeerely amounteth vnto — 1138. l. 19. s. 8. d. q. south-vvales . the farme and rents certaine of the county of cardigan , amounted to 213. l. 2. s. 2. d. the casuall profits thereof 86. l ▪ 9. s. 2. d. summa totalis is — 299. l. 11. s. 4. d. the farme and rents certaine of the county of carmarden , amounted to 185. l. 6. s. 3. d. ob . the casuall profits 180. l ▪ 11. s. 7. d. summa totalis is — 376. l. 17. s. 10. d. ob ▪ the summe totall of south-wales — 676. l. 9. s. 2. d. ob ▪ the yeerely summe , totall being cast vp together , amounteth vnto — 1865. l. 8. s. 10 d. ob . q ▪ the charges aboue specified , and other issuing all manner of waies out of the same reuenues , amount to 530. l. 6. s. 7. d. which being deducted out of the former totall summe of 1865. l. 8. s. 10 d. ob . q. there doth rest cleere , the yeerely summe of — 1335. l. 2. s. 3. d. ob . q. whereby may be obserued , that the reuenue of the principalitie of wales , in the time of prince edward , called the blacke prince , almost three hund'ed yeeres agoe , without deductions , amounted to 4681. l. 12. s. 5. d. q. is now worne and wasted to the summe of 1865. l. 8. s. 10 , d. ob . q. and with the ordinary deductions and reprizes taken out of it at this present in charges , fees , to officers , and other reprizers , is brought to the summe of — 1335 : l. 2. s. 3. d. ob . q. which smal sum also ( as the reuenue was to queen elizabeth ) was much lessened , for that a greater summe in the whole amounting yeerely to 1789. l. 3. s. 2. d. which did partly arise by reason of the allowance of the dyet of the councell of the marches , being yeerely 1106. l. 13. s. 4. d. the fees of the barons of the exchequer in wales , being officers of the principalitie of wales , the auditors fees , woodwards fees , receiuers fees , surueyors fees ; and for the portage of money , was charged as well vpon this reuenue of the prince , as vpon other lands and reuenues belonging to the crowne within the seuerall counties of wales . and so much of the principality of wales . the second part containeth the dvtchy of cornewall . the second part of this reuenue appertaining to the prince , is that which ariseth vnto him out of the dutchie of cornewall , and belongeth vnto him as duke of cornewall . the vttermost part of this island towards the west , stretching it selfe by a long extent into the ocean , is called the county of cornewall ; lying ouer against the dutchie of britaine in france . the people inhabiting the same , are called cornishmen , and are also reputed a remnant of the britaines , the ancient inhabitants of this land : they haue a particular language , called cornish , ( although now much worne out of vse ) differing but little from the welsh , and the language of the britaine 's in france , which argueth their originall to haue beene out of one nation . this territorie was anciently reputed a dukedome , but a little before , and also after the norman conquest , it was an earledome , and so continued vntill the eleuenth yeere of king edward the third , at which time it was of new constituted a dutchie , and the first dutchie that was erected in england after the said conquest . such as were earles thereof in ancient time , before the erection of the said dutchie , were for the most part of the bloud royall ; amongst whom , many being memorable , there was as most ancient , richard earle of cornewall , the elect emperour , or king of the romanes , brother to king henry the third ; but his posterity dying without issue , it came againe to the crowne in the daies of king edward the first ; who conferred the said earledome vpon edward , the prince his sonne , sirnamed of carnaruon ; who being king , conferred the same vpon his minion pierce de gaueston ; but hee being afterwards attainted of treason , and executed , the same earledome was bestowed vpon iohn , sirnamed of eltam , because hee was borne there ; yonger brother to king edward the third ; who dying likewise without issue , it was lastly erected into a dutchy ( as hath beene said ) and conferred vpon edward , afterward surnamed , the black prince , in the eleuenth yeere of the raigne of the said king edward the third , his father . therefore the said king edward purposing to augment the title , of his said sonne , did in the parliament holden in the eleuenth yeere of his reigne , create not only the said edward then before made earle of chester , to be duke of cornwall , but also to honor that publique proceeding the more , did at the same time create diuers and sundry worthy persons , and well deseruing , to sundry dignities of nobility , as by the records extant thereof , doth appeare . the manner of the first creation of the duke of cornwall was very speciall , for the said dignity was conferred vnto the said edward then earle of chester , and to the first begotten sonnes and heires apparant of him , and his heires kings of england for euer . so that it seemeth that the intention thereof was , first that none should bee dukes of cornwall , but such as were eldest sonnes and heires apparant to the crowne ; and that when there was any faile of such person , then the said dignity should remaine insuspence , vntill such son & heire apparant againe were extant . secondly , that the said sonne and heire apparant without any further solemnity or creation , should presently vpon his birth being then heire apparant , to the king , or from the time that hee is heire apparant to the kingdome , bee also duke of cornwall , herein much differing from the order of the principality of wales , which requireth in euery new succeeding prince a new creation and inuesture , and gift of that principality , as hath formerly appeared . the truth of this assertion is made most euident by an act of parliament in the 33. yeere of the reigne of king henry the 6. the words whereof are these , moreouer the king considering that his said best beloued , first begotten sonne , at the time of his birth is duke of cornwall , and ought of right to haue liuery of the said dutchy , and of all honors , lordships , signiories , castles , mannors , lands , tenements , rents , possessions , & hereditaments , with their appurtenances to the said dutchy belonging , or parcell of the same in any wise , by the aduice , assent and authority &c. deliuereth , and doth cause to bee deliuered to the said prince , his first begotten sonne , the said dutchy of cornwall , and all honors , lordships , signiories , castles , mannors , lands , tenements , &c. with all other things , possessions , and inheritances , profits , and commodities , with their appurtenances , to the said dutchy annexed , vnited , pertaining , or belonging , or parcell of the same in any wise . the same was after many likewise verified by the charter of king henry the seuenth , being the charter of liuety , made vnto prince arthur his sonne , whereof some part followeth in these words , hemicus deigratta angliae , franciae , rex , & dominus hiberniae , &c. salutem . sciatis quod nos considerantes , quod regnum angliae ( cuius regni soli●● dei gratia portimur ) filij primogeniti in ducatu cornubiae haereditario in perpetuum dicti regni nostriiure sunt successuri atque ex speciali superinde actu promulgato , primo nativitatis suae die maioris atque perfectae praesumitur aetatis , fic quod liberationem dicti ducatus eo tum à nobis petere valeant , atque de iure obtinere debeant , acsi viginti & uninius annorum aetatis plene fuissent , volentes etiam uti debemus , praecharissimo filio nostro primogenito arthuro ius reddere & in nullo eius iure derogare , eundemque ducatum cornubiae cum omnibus & singulis suis membris atque iuribus dicto primogenito nostro sicuti caeterorum principum temporibns bactenus fieri consuevit , liberare ex certa scientia & mero motu nostro , ac●de advisamento & assensu consilij nostri dedimus , concessimus & liberamus , damusque per praesentes , concedimus & liberamus pro nobis & haeredibus nostris & bac praesenti charta nostra confirmavimus eidem filio nostro sub nomine & honore ducis dictiloci , castra , manneria , terras , & tenementa & alia subscripta , ut ipse statum & honorem ducis dicti ducatus decentius generis sui nobilitatem valcat continuare & onera in hac parte incumbentia facilius supportare &c. by which is proued not only that the sonne and heire apparant of the crowne , is duke of cornwall from his birth , or when he is knowne to be sonne and heire apparant , but that the king his father is by law to make vnto him liuery of the said dutchy , lands , and the hereditaments thereunto belonging , although though he be within the age of one and twenty yeeres , as if he were of full and perfect age . but to returne againe vnto king edward the third , and to consider the bestowing of the reuenewes of the said dutchy and the managing thereof , for orders sake i shall therein observe these generall things . first , what reuenewes were bestowed vpon the said dutchy . secondly , the yeerly value of the same , aswell of ancient time , as of latter yeers . and lastly , to set downe the particular officers of the said dutchy , aswell ancient as moderne , by all which the present state of the said dutchy may best appeare . as concerning the former , namely , the reuenewes of the said dutchy as it is obserued that the same doe consist generally of these two kindes , first the lands and hereditaments that are annuall , and secondly the reuenewes that are casuall . the reuenewes annuall are of three kindes , first the lands giuen by the charter made in the eleuenth yeere of king edward the third , and were sometimes the ancient of the said dutchy . secondly certaine knights fees , and other hereditaments g●uen by other letters patents of the same king edward the third , vnto the said duke , which were vnited and annexed by the said latter letters patents vnto the said dutchy . thirdly , and lastly , the lands giuen by act of parliament vnto the said dutchy , and annexed thereunto in liew of other lands that by act of parliament were afterwards taken from the same againe at sundry times , as hereafter shall appeare , for in euery of these there is difference of estate and quality . the reuenewes annuall giuen by the charter made by king edward the third , in the eleuenth yeere of his reigne , and established for the dutchy , are situate and doe lye , first , in the county of cornwall , secondly , in the county of devon , thirdly , in other shires dispersed within this realme . and first of all in the county of cornwall are these following . county of cornwall . 1 the castle , mannor , and parke , and borough of launceston with his appurtenances . 2 the castle and mannor of trematon , and the borough of saltash , and the parke there , with the appurtenances . 3 the castle , borough , and mannor of tyntagell ( if histories doe not fable ) this is supposed to bee the place of birth , and seat of king arthur . 4 the castle and mannor of restormell , with the parke there . 5 the mannor of clymesland , and parke of kerrybollock . 6 the mannor of tibesta , with the bayliwick of powdershire . 7 the mannor of tewynton , with the appurtenances . 8 the mannor and borough of helston in kerier , with the appurtenances . 9 the mannor of moresk , with the appurtenances . 10 the mannor of trewervaile , also tywervaile with the appurtenances . 11 the mannor of penkneth , with the appurtenances . 12 the mannor of peulyn , with the parke there . 13 the mannor of relaton , also rillaton with the beadlery of eastwyve●shire . 14 the mannor of helston in trigshire , with the appurtenances , and the parke of hellesbury : 15 the mannor and borough of leskeret , also liskerd , and the parke there . 16 the mannor of kallestock , with the fishing there , and other his appurtenances . 17 the mannor of talskydo , with the appurtenances in the said county of cornwall . 18 the borough or towne of lostwythiell , together with the milles. devonshire . 19 the fee farme of the city of exeter , 20. l. per annum . 20 the mannor of lydford , with the appurtenances , together with the chace of dartmore . 21 the mannor and borough of braduish . 22 the water and riuer of dartmouth . in diuers other shires dispersedly . 23 the castle of wallingford , with the hamlets and members thereof , and the yeerely farme of the towne of wallingford , with the honors of wallingford , and saint valeries in the county of oxford , and in all other counties wheresoeuer the said honours doe lie . 24 the castle , mannor , and towne of barkhampsted , with the parke there , and together with the honour of barkhampsted in the counties of hertford , buckingham , and northampton . 25 the mannor of byflet , with the appurtetenances in the county of surry . 26 the castle and mannor of meere , in the county of wiltshire . 27 the castle and mannor of knaresborugh , with his hamlets and members , together with the honour of knaresbury and york , and elsewheresoeuer the said honors doe lie . 28 the mannor of isleworth in the county of middlesex . 29 the mannors of kenmigton and franckshall , together with a meadow in lambeth , and newton in the county of surry . 30 the mannor of rising , with the appurtenances in the county of norfolk , and the fourth part of the talbot of linne , with the appurtenances in the said county . 31 the mannor of chisiemore , and fourescore and eighteene pounds six shillings and eight pence rent , with the appurtenances in the city of coventry , which were then in lease to the queenes mother for her life . and thus much concerning the reuenew locall and annuall of this dutchy of the first kinde , according to the former proposed diuision , being the first inheritance giuen thereunto , and which is so annexed to this dutchy by the words of the said charter , as that by the intent thereof , it should in no case be aliened therefrom . as concerning the reuenew locall and annuall of this dutchy of the second kinde , the said king edward the third for further increase of the said dutchy , by his charter bearing date the said 11 th . yeere of his reigne , did giue vnto the said duke in such manner as is aforesaid . all his knights fees which hee then had in the said county of cornwall , with all wards , escheates , forfeitures , profits , and commodities whatsoeuer thereunto belonging , which fees hee also annexed vnto the said dukedome by the words of the said letters patents , as that the same should in no wise by the intention of that patent be seuered from the same . howbeit some difference may bee conceiued in law , as touching the value of such annexation made by letters patents only , and the former annexation by letters patents which were confirmed or strengthned by act of parliament , concerning the power and ability of aliening and disannexing the same from the dutchy . the last branch of the reuenewes locall and annuall belonging to this dutchy , are such mannors , lands , and hereditaments as haue beene giuen by act of parliament , and annexed vnto the said dutchy in liew of other lands that by act of parliament were formerly taken from the same . and therefore whereas ( by the former letters patents hath appeared ) the mannors of isleworth in the county of middlesex , was giuen and annexed by king edward the third vnto the said dutchy , king henry the fift hauing afterwards founded the monastery which hee called syon , neere adioyning to the said mannor , did by an act of parliament in the ninth yeere of his reigne , seuer the said mannor of isleworth from the said dutchy and conferred the same vnto the said monastery , and in liew thereof by the same act of parliament gaue and annexed to the said dutchy , the mannor of curry , mallet , stoke , vnder hamden , milton , fawconberge , stratton vpon fosse , inglesoome , norton , with welweyton , widcome , farrent , & lauerton , and the moyty of the mannor of westharptr●e , and sheptonmallet , with their appurtenances , in the county of somerset : the mannor of ryme , with his appurtenances in the county of dorset ; and also the moyty of the mannors of maydencot in the county of barkshire , and of magor in the marches of wales , and the fourth part of the mannor of sellings , in the county of kent . all which premisses did exceed the value of the mannor of isleworth yeerly two hundred pounds , which doth appeare aswell by the said act of parliament made in the ninth yeere of king henry the fifth , as also by one other act of parliament made in the three and thirtieth yeere of king henry the fixt , wherein the said former act of parliament is mentioned . likewise king henry the eight at his parliament holden at vvestminster the one and thirtieth yeere of his reigne , and proroged vpon diuers prorogations , vntill the foure and twentieth day of iuly , in the two and thirtieth yeere of his reigne , did seuer the honor and castle of walling ford , and all lordships , mannors , lands , tenements , and other hereditaments thereto belonging , from the dutchy of cornwall , being moued thereunto , for that the said castle and honor is neere adioyning vnto the mannor of newelme , which was by the said act of parliament , made an honour , and therefore for the commodious scituation and vicinitie thereof , the said king did seuer the same from the said dutchie , and made it parcell of the said honour of newelme , whereof hee was then seised in the right of his crowne , and in liew thereof , there were giuen and annexed vnto the said dukedome , the mannors of vvestanton , portlow , north-hill , portpighan , laudren , triloweia , treganoe , trelagan , crosthole , treuitherne , courtney , landulph , leighdurant , and tinton , in the countie of cornewall , and all other his lands in the said places , which came to the said king by the attainder of treason of henry courtney , marquesse of exceter . also the mannors of anstell , fentregan , tremeynalls , tremageuon , fowey , credyowe , and portheaprior in the said countie of cornewall , which came to the said kings hands by the dissolution of the priory of trewardreth in the said countie of cornewall . and also the mannors of breadford , cauerdon , clymesland , pryor , treworgy , stratton , eastway , bowyton , bradrissey , bucklawrue , and bonyaluey , which came to the said kings hands , by the surrender and suppression of the priory of lanceston . all which mannors so newly granted vnto the said dutchie , were by the said act of parliament so annexed thereunto , as were the said castle and honour of vvallingford , and the members and parcels of the same , before the making of the same act of parliament , any act , law , vsage , or custome to the contrary notwithstanding . and thus much concerning the reuenues locall , ( and called in the lawes , he●editamenta corporea ) and of annuall value , which were either originally giuen by king edward the third , and afterward by patent conferred , or by act of parliament in liew of other lands , granted vnto the said dutchie ; which threefold distinction of the said reuenues , is here made , and induced to this end , that it might be obserued that those castles , lordships , mannors , and lands , which were either first giuen vnto the said dutchie , and established by act of parliament , or lastly giuen by act of parliament , in liew of other the lands seuered from the said dutchie , might appeare so to be annexed vnto the said dutchie , by the intent and meaning of the said acts of parliament , and so knit and conioyned thereunto , as that they should not be alienated therefrom , and are of more validitie in that respect then the reuenues of the second sort , which were onely conferred by letters patents , without helpe of parliament , and therefore not so firmely vnited vnto the said dutchie , as are those two former kindes mentioned . inheritances of casuall value belonging to the said dutchie , were these . 1 the duke hath granted vnto him and his heires inheritable , vnto the said dutchie , yeerely to elect , choose , create , and make the sheriffe of cornewall in such sort as the king himselfe doth elect the sheriffes of other counties . 2 the prises & customes of all wines brought into these ports of the said countie of cornewall , and the profits of the ports and hauens there ; and the customes of all wooll , leather , and woollsels , shipped to be transported out of the said dutchie , to be collected by officers appointed by the said duke , wrecke of the sea , and the prerogatiue of all royall fishes , taken and brought to land within the said countie , the hundred courts , and countie courts , and the profits thereof : the prises and customes of wines of the port of sutton , which is now called plymouth , and is partly with in the countie of deuon . also the said duke hath free warren in all his said landsgranted : also hee hath the liberty and returning of all writs and summons directed to the sheriffe of the said countie , which shall not be returned , but by the officers of the said duke , for the time being . also the goods and chattels of all felons and fugitiues , being tenants of the said dutchie . and the benefit of all fines imposed for any trespasse , or crime fynable , and all fynes to be paid for licences , to leuye any fyne or concord of record : and all ame cements , issues , and forfeitures , and the yeere , day , and wast streepe and spoile of the lands of such as are tenants of the said dutchy , vpon murthers , or felons by them committed , and whereof they shall be attainted , and likewise the escuage of all tenants , holding by knights seruice , which they are to pay , being assessed in parliament for their faile of seruice & absence not being with the king when he should make any army or voyage royall against his enemies , whereby such escuage doth come due . also there is annexed vnto the said dutchie , the stannaries and profits of the coynage of tynne within the said counties of deuon and cornewall . for the better vnderstanding whereof , it is to be obserued , that in the said counties ( being in many parts thereof , mountanous , full of wast grounds and moores : ) there is found great quantities of tynne , the purest , best , and most plentifullest in europe ; by reason whereof , it hath euer beene accounted one of the staple commodities of this kingdome , and of good estimation in forraigne regions . these mynes of tynne in these west parts of the kingdome , were not vnknowne to the romanes , as appeareth by diodorus siculus , who liued in the time of augustus the emperour , aboue 1600. yeeres sithence ; and who thus writeth thereof : britanij qui iuxta velerium promontorium incolunt mercatorum vsum qui co stanneri gratia nauigant humaniores reliquis ergahospites habentur . hiexterra saxosa cuius venas s●quuti effodiunt stannum ignem eductum , in quandam insulam ferunt britanicum iuxta quam ictam vocant maris fluxu videntur insulae cum vero refluit exsicato interiecto littore curribus co stannum deferunt , &c. ex hijs insulis mercatores emptum stannum in galliam portant , inde diebus fere triginta cum equis ad fontem eridani fluminis perducunt . that promontorie which he calleth velerium , by the iudgement of all learned in cosmographie , is now called the lyzard , and is scituate in the west part of cornewall . the island that he calleth icta , is the wight , and that which he saith was an island , and at the floud , and at low water , passable from the mayne , is a true description of portland , as it is at this day , being not farre from the i le of wight ; vnto which place out of cornewall , the tynne was brought to be transported into france , from whence it was carried thirty dayes iourney on horsebacke , and so ouer the alpes into italy , euen to the fountaines of eredanus , as he saith , which is the riuer now called the po in piemont and lumbardy . i doe alledge his authority , the rather for that he in a manner set out the laborious search for tynne in those dayes , euen as it is vsed by the spaliard at this day with great industrie and paines ; hi ex terra saxosa venas sequunti effodiunt stannum , &c. all the moores and wastes wherein the tynne is found , being of ancient time belonging to the kings , and many of the said moores at this day being parcell of this dutchie of cornewall . the kings of this land in former times haue cast their princely care to establish a good and orderly mannaging of the said commoditie , and haue endowed the tynners with sundry priuiledges for their good gouernement , thereby the more to encourage them in the search of tyn. and thereupon by ancient charters , the whole company and body of tynners , in euery of the said counties of deuon and cornewall , are cast and diuided in foure seuerall stanneryes or iurisdictions : in euery of which stanneries , there is a court to minister iustice in all causes personall arising betweene tynner and tynner , and betweene tynner & forraigner ; and also for and concerning the right and ownership of tynne mynes , and the disposition thereof , except in causes of land , life , and member ; and if any false and vniust iudgement be giuen in any of the said courts , the party grieued may make his appeale vnto the lord warden of the stanneries , who is their superiour iudge , both for law and equity ; and from him , vnto the body of the councell of the lord prince , duke of cornewall , to which duke the stanneryes are giuen , as by the former charters haue appeared , and from them the appeale lyeth to the kings most royall person . when matters of moment concerning the state of those mynes or stanneryes , shall come to be questioned or debated ; there are in euery of the said counties , by the direction of the lord warden , seuerall parliaments , or generall assemblies of the tynners summoned , whereunto euery stannery within that countie sendeth iurates or burgesses , by whose aduice and consent , constitutions , orders , and lawes , are made and ordained touching tynne ; causes which being promulged , the same doe binde the whole body of tynners of that countie as firmely , as if the same had beene established in the generall parliaments of the realme . as touching the persons that deale or entermeddle with tynne , and therefore carry the name of tynners , they are of foure kindes . first , the owners of the soile where mynes are found . secondly , the aduenturer for tynne , which may haue by the law of tynners , power and disposition of a myne or tyn-worke , although he be not owner of the soile . thirdly , the merchant , broker or regrator of tynne , which either buyeth to transport out of the realme , or else to regrate and sell againe within the realme . and fourthly , the spadiard or spaliard so called , because he liueth by his spade , and is the myne-worker and labourer for tynne , who commonly in respect of his poore estate , is eaten out by the hard and vsurious contracts for tynne , which he is driuen to make with the merchant or regrator . for those poore labourers hauing no wages certaine , but onely shares in the mynes , as the quantity thereof shall arise ; and being not able to sustaine themselues and their family , vntill the tynne of coynage , and marts for tynne shall come , which are halfe yeerely ; hee is by necessity compelled for a small summe of money aforehand , to enter into bond vnto the merchant or regrator of tynne , to deliuer him at the the time of the next ensuing coynage , tynne , in value much more then the money he had formerly receiued . there are also two kindes of tynne , the one called blacke tynne , which is the tynne oare broken and washed , but as yet not blowne , molten , or founded into mettall ; and white tynne , which is the tynne after that it is founded and moulten into mettall , and this is also of two sorts , soft tynne , which is best merchantable , and hard tynne , which is least merchantable ; it is not lawfull by the law of tynners , and it is by the ancient charters of the priuiledges granted by the kings of england vnto the tynners , expresly forbidden vnder forseiture of the tynne , that no tynne shall be sold within euery of the said counties , either blacke or white tynne , but onely at two set times of the yeere , at places appointed ; in which places , all the vendable tynne in the said seuerall counties is brought , and there by the officers of the duke , the same is weighed by a beame , and weights thereto appointed , and after the same is coyned with a stampe , it is thereupon allowed to be sold , and not before ; for which weighing and stampe , commonly called the coynage , there is due to the lord prince , as duke of cornewall , the summe of 40. s. for euery thousand weight of tynne so weighed and coyned , which is parcell of the casuall reuenues of the said dutchie , and first granted by king edward the third , vnto the duke of cornewall , and annexed vnto the said dutchie by the name of coynage of tynne . moreouer , not onely the kings of england in their times , but also the dukes of cornewall in their times , haue had the preemption of tynne , which is a priuiledge belonging and reserued vnto themselues by their charters of liberties granted vnto the tynners , which appertaineth vnto them , as is conceiued by the learned , ratione proprietatis tanquam summis dominis , & proprietarijs quam ratione praerogatiuae suae : not vnlike that which other kings haue in forraigne countries , whereof casaneus thus maketh mention , praefertur princeps in emptione metallorum , alledging an imperiall constitution of the coad for proofe thereof ; and of which preemption , as by some presidents may be proued , both the kings of england , and dukes of cornewall haue made vse , when otherwise they stood in need of money for the managing of their affaires . and thus much touching the reuenues of the countie of cornewall . the whole reuenues vnto edward the prince , sirnamed the blacke prince , sonne and heire apparant vnto king edward the third , as by a notable suruey thereof appeareth , accounting all profits annuall and casuall as they hapned , communibus annis , one yeere with the other , and as rated 50. e. 3. in manner as ensueth . the reuenues of the dutchie of cornwall , as it was rated by suruey taken 50. e. 3. amounting in the whole without reprises , vnto 3415. l. 18. s. 5. d. q. whereof in particular , viz. for cornewall 2219. l. 7. s. 9. d. ob . for deuon 0273. l. 19. s. 5. ob . q. in other shires 922. l. 1● . s. 2 : d. the summe totall of the whole reuenue of the said dutchie , amounteth vnto — 3415 : l. 18. s. 5. d. q. the reuenue of the said dutchie of cornewall , as it appeareth by the accounts of the receiuer thereof , in the fifteenth yeere of king henry the eight , amounted of cleere yeerely value vnto — 10095. l. 11. s. 9. d. q. in particular as followeth . cornewall . the issues of the mannors and boroughes in the countie of cornewall — 624. l. 17. s. 2. d. q. the issues of the hundreds and hundred-courts , and of the office of the sheriffe — 59. l. 14. s. 2. d. ob : the issues of the stannery courts , in both the counties of deuon and cornewall , accounted for by the seuerall bayliffes of the seuerall stanneries of the counties — 54. l. 9. s. ● . d. the profits of the office of the hauenour in the said countie of cornewall — 53. l. 3 d. : the profits of the offices of the feodarie and esche●tor of both the counties — 33. l. 16. s. 10. d. ob : deuon . the issues of the mannors and boroughes in the countie of deuon , and of the chase and forrest of dertmore in the said countie of deuon — 170. l. 14. s. 3 d. ob . q ▪ the issues of the water of dartmouth — 8. l. the fee farme of the citie of exon , and of the castle there — 21. l. 15 s. : the issues and profits of the coynage of tynne in the said counties of deuon and cornewall , in the said 15. h. 8. — 2771. l. 3. s. 9. d. q. for white rent , which is a dutie payable yeerely by euery tynner in the county of deuon , and antiently due , that is , of euery tynner 8. d. which summe in the whole , collected from 424. tynners in that county amounted vnto the summe of — 14. l. 2. s. 8. d. forraine counties . the issues and profits of the forraine minnors which doe lie out of the said counties of deuon and cornwall , in other the counties of england — 958. l. so that the whole reuenew of the said dutchy of cornwall without reprizes , amounted vnto — 10095. l. 11. s. 9. d. q. but to the intent it may appeare what are the castles , mannors , lands , tenements , and hereditaments now or lately belonging vnto the said dutchy , and how the present reuenewes thereof do rise , i will here enter into the particularity thereof , as they were accompted for to queene elizabeth in the fourth and fortieth yeere of her reigne , which is the last accompt extant . cornwall . mannors in the county of cornwall . 1 the mannor of rylaton of the yeerly rent of — 7. l. 12. s. 4. d. 2 the mannor of clymesland of the yeerly rent of 60. l. 7. s. 2. d. 3 the mannor of helston of the yeerly rent of — 67. l. 3. s. 10. d. 4 the mannor of liskerd of the yeerly rent of — 64. l. 6. s. 10. d. 5 the mannor of tybefta of the yeerly rent of — 33. l. 2. s. 4. d. q. 6 the mannor of tywaruaile of the yeerly rent of 22. l. 2. s. 7 the mannor of tallyskydy of the yeerly rent of 5. l. 12. s. 8. d. 8 the mannor of penninayne of the yeerly rent of 7. l. 14. s. 7. d. 9 the mannor of calestock of the yeerly rent of 60. l. 4. s. 6. d. q. 10 the mannor of trematon of the yeerly rent of 52. l. 9. s. 5. d. ob : 11 the fee of trematon of the yeerly rent of — 2. l. 5. s. 12 the mannor of refflormell of the yeerly rent of 33. l. 15 s. 1. d. ob . 13 the mannor of penkneth of the yeerly value of 4. l. 18. s. 6. d. ob . 14 the mannor of peulyn of the rent of — 6. l. 18. s. 6. d. ob . 15 the mannor of tewynton of the rent of — 38. l. 12. s. 7. d. ob . q. 16 the mannor of helston in kerier of the rent of 56. l. 5. s. 6. d. ob . q. 17 the mannor of tyntagell of the rent of — 36. l. 6. s. 6. d. 18. the mannor of moresk of the rent of — 32. l. 9. s. 9. d. the mannors in the county of cornwall newly annexed by king henry the eight vnto the said dutchy in liew of the honor of wallingford , and were in times past parcell of the possessions of the priory of trewardreth in the county of cornwall . 19 the mannor of anstell of the yeerly rent of — 5. l. 3. s. 6. d. 20 the mannor of fentrigan of the rent of — 3. l. 13. s. 4. d. 21 the mannor of trewenuen of the rent of — 9. l. 11. s. 7. d. 22 the mannor of crediock of the rent of — 10. l. 19. s. 6. d. ob . 23 the yeerly farme of the mannor of fowye — 39. s. 2. d. 24 the mannor of porthea prior of the rent of — 7. l. 10. s. 10. d. the summe totall of these annexed mannors belonging sometimes to the priory of trewardreth — 38. l. 17. s. 11. d. ob . the mannors in the county of cornwall annexed vnto the said dutchy in liew of the honor of wallingford , which were sometimes parcell of the priory of launceston . 25 the farme of the mannor of carvidon prior of the yeerly rent of — 19. l. 15. s. 9. d. 26 the mannor of clymesland prior of the yeerly rent of — 7. l. 15. s. 10. d. 27 the mannor of treworgy of the yeerly rent of 8. l. 19. s. 7. d. 28 the farme of the mannor of stratton of the yeerly rent of — 7. l. 5. s. 8. d. 29 the farme of the mannor of bucklawren of the yeerly rent of — 21. l. 14. s. 8. d. 30 the farme of the mannor of eastway of the yeerly rent of — 7. l. 5. s. 8. d. 31 the farme of the mannor of bonialvay of the yeerly rent of — 7. l. 15. s. 32 the farme of the mannor of boyton of the yeerly rent of — 4. l. 17. s. 2. d. the summe totall of these mannors which were sometimes parcell of the priory of trewardreth — 85. l. 7. s. 10. d. ob . q. the mannors of the county of cornwall , which lately were the lands of the marquesse of exceter , and annexed vnto the dutchy of cornwall in liew of the honor of wallingford and s. valeries . 33 the mannor of crosthole of the rent of — 28. s. 7. d. 34 the mannor of port pighan of the rent of — 55. s. ob . q. 35 the fee farme of the mannor of portlow of the yeerly rent of — 15. l. 16. s. 10. d. ob . 36 the fee farme of the mannor of northill — 26. s. 3. d. 37 the fee farme of the mannor of laudreyn — 49. s. 10. d. 38 the mannor of tregameere of the rent — 4. l. 17. d. 39 the mannor of trelugan of the rent of — 6. l. 17. s. 9. d. 40 the mannor of trevarven courtney — 19. l. 15. s. 3. d. 41 the mannor of leighdurrant of the rent of — 22. l. 9. s. 7. d. now aliened away from the said , &c. 42 the fee farme of the mannor of tinton — 63. l. 6. s. 7. d. the receiuer accompted for — 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. summa totalis — 130. l. 2. s. 5. d. q. the boroughs in cornwall . 1 the borough of liskerd of the rent of — 18. l. 2 the borough of grampound — 12. l. 11. s. 4. d. 3 the borough of helston in kerier — 6. l. 13. s. 4. d. 4 the borough of bossymy — 11. l. 16. s. 9. d. q. 5 the borough of lostwythiell of the rent — 11. l. 19. s. 10. d. ob . 6 the borough of camelford of the rent — 4. l. 5. s. 4. d. q. 7 the borough of saltash of the rent — 18. d. 8 the borough of launceston of the rent — 10. l. 8. s. 8. d. 9 the borough of eastlow of the yeerly value of 20. s. the summe totall of the rent of the boroughs in cornwall . — 93. l. 15. s. 4. d. ob . the hundreds in the county of cornwall and the profits thereof belonging to the said dutchy . 1 the hundred of kerier the issues were — 8. l. 5. s. 2 the hundred of pewith the issues — 3. l. 19. s. 6. d. 3 the hundred of powder the issues — 10. l. 4. s. 5. d. 4 the hundred of pyder the isues are — 9. l. 8. s. ob . 5 the hundred of east the issues whereof — 4. l. 3. s. 4. d. 6 the hundred of west the issues were — 8. l. 5. s. 4. d. 7 the hundred of stratton the issues — 58. s. 8. d. ob . 8 the hundred of trigshire the issues — 5. l. 1. s. 4. d. 9 the hundred of les●ewith the issues — 58. s. summa totalis of the hundreds amounteth — 55. l. 3. s. 8. d. the profits of the office of the sheriffe which are casuall , and vncertaine , and not accompted for vpon the last receiuers accompt . the profits of the hauenor , the profits of whose office were this last yeere — 38. l. 5. s. 8. d. the office of the feodary , the profits whereof were this last yeere — 36. l. 7. s. 5. d. ob . the summe totall whereof amounted vnto 74. l. 13. s. 1. d. ob . the profits of the stanneries in cornwall . the issues of the foure stannerie courts in the said county of cornwall , viz. of tywarvaile — 4. s. 9. d. of blackmore — 4. l. 15. s. 9. d. of fowymore — 8. s. of pewith in kerier — 10. l. 9. s. 4. d. summa totalis — 15. l. 17. s. 10. d. the farme of the toll of tynne in the lordships of helston in kerier , tywarvaile , and tewyngton — 20. l. 6. s. 8. d. the fines for license giuen to the ti●ners for the coynage of their tynne after the coynages appointed , namely , for such tynne as then was not ready to be coyned at the set time of the coynage , that is , of euery hundred weight of tynne so coyned besides the ancient duty for the coynage , which amounteth in the whole to the summe of — 84. l. 15. s. 5. d. there are also fines imposed for the making and casting vp of tynne deceiptfully , if any such be found , and there are also forfeitures of tynne , being sold before the coynage thereof , wherewith the receiuer is charged and doth answer vpon his accompt when any such profit doth arise . the coynage of tynne in the county of cornwall at the foure mart townes , viz. truro , liskerd , lostwithiell , and helstow , with the profits thereof did this last yeere amount vnto — 2502. l. 10. s. 9. d. summa totalis for the profit of the tynne in cornwall the last yeere — 2623. l. 9. s. 8. d. there was also paid by the patentees of the preemption , 2000. l. the last yeere , which is not now expressed , because the patent thereof is repealed and giuen vp . the fee-farme of the islands of sylley , lying in the sea by west , the lands end in cornewall , is yeerely — 20. l. the whole reuenue of the duke of cornewall , was this last yeere — 3713. l. 18. s. deuon . the fee-farme of the citie of exceter , and of the castle there yeerely — 22. l. 15 s. ▪ the mannor of lydford of the yeerely rent of assise — 9. l. 7. s. 1. d. for the maior of lydford , for the issues of his office yeerely — 1. l. 13. s. 10. d. of the mannor of the borough of south teyng yeerely — 10. l. 19. s. 7. d. ob . q. the mannor , borough , and other profits in breadinch , this last yeere amounted to — 70. l. 9. d. the issues of the forrest of dartmore — 46. l. 19. s. 10. d. ob . the issues of the stannery in the county of deuon as followeth . the issues of the foure stannery courts , viz. plympton , t●●●stocke , aisberton , and chagford , amounted this last yeere vnto — 35. s. 2. d. the white rent , which is a rent yeerely paid by the tynners of deuon , viz. 8. d. for euery tynner , they being fourescore and seauenteene in number , amounteth vnto — 44. s. 8. d. for the coynage of deuon , in the seuerall townes of coynage there , viz. chagford , aisberton , plympton , and tauestock — 98. l. 17. s. 11. d. ob . q. summe totall for coynage of tynne in the countie of deuon — 102. l. 17. s. ob . q. for the issues of the riuer of dartmouth , receiued of the maior of dartmouth by way of farme yeerely 14. l. 14. s. 4. d. the reuenue of the dutchie of cornwall in forraigne shires as followeth . the mannor of , meere , in the countie of wilts , the yeerely rent is — 89. l. 15. s. 10. d. ob . the mannor of fordington in the county of dor●●t yeerely — 74. l. 4. s. 1. d. ob . the mannor of currymallet in the county of sommerset yeerely — 15. l. 11. s. 6. d. ob . the fee-farme of the citie of couentry yeerely — 50. l. the mannor of shipton in the county of berke yeerely — 29. l. 11. s. 11. d. the mannor of old shorne in the countie of sussex yeerely — 7. l. 5. s. 10. d. the mannor of kensington in the countie of surrey yeerely — 27. l. the mannor of framsdon and pethont in the countie of suffolke — 26. s. 8. d. the issues of the honour of parkehamsted amounteth yeerely to — 59. l. 11. s. 10. d. ob . the farme of wood in the mannor of berkhamsted called berkhamsted frith — 28. l. of the issues of the lordship of kirton in the countie of lincolne , with the soke there yeerely — 188. l. 8. s. ob . q. the summe totall of the issues and profits of the dutchie of cornewall in forraigne shires — 570. l. 8. s. 6. d. ob . q. the farme of the woods of diuers mannors , parcels of the said dutchie the last yeere , was — 6. l. 17. s. 4. d. the woodward is to account yeerely for wood sales with the said dutchie , which is a casuall profit , and as the same falleth out vpon wood sales made — the summe totall of the reuenues of the said dutchie of cornewall in the whole , yeerely was — 4569. l. 12. s. 2. d. q. so that it appeareth by the foresaid accounts and records , that the said dutchie of cornewall , now , or lately did consist of tenne seuerall castles , which in ancient time both for building , were very stately , and for scituation very strong ; but now they are all either vtterly ruinated , or declining to decay and ruine : of parkes , parcell of the said dutchie , there were in ancient time about the number of nine , and one chase or forrest , all being of large extent , and replenished with deere , but now they are almost all disparked , and the deere spoiled and destroyed . the said dutchie hath , or lately had therein , about fifty three mannors , many of which are of great yeerely rent of assize ; and of antient boroughs and townes ; there are within the said dutchie to the number of thirteene of speciall name and regard . there belong to the said dutchie , as parcell thereof , nine seuerall hundreds , of which premisses the said dutchie doth consist . to make an estimate of the yeerely value of the said dutchie , concerning all the reuenue thereof , as by the said accounts and records appeareth , may amount to aboue the summe of 4387. l. 3. s. 7. d. ob . but the certaine yeerely value , by reason it consisteth of great casuall profits , cannot well bee drawne to a consideration annuall . the charges and reprizes which were paid out of the reuenues of the said dutchie , and wherewith the same this last yeere was charged , are these which follow . the receiuer , whose yeerely fee is — 41. l. the constable of the castle of lanceston — 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. the fee of the feodary and escheator — 9. l. 2. s. 6. d. the fee of the controller of the coynage in the said counties of deuon and cornewall , with the charges of the goale of lostwithiell , is yeerely — ●● . ● . the fee of the steward of the said dutchie in the countie of cornewall — 26. l : 13. s. 4. d. the steward of the borough of breadinch in the countie of deuon , and of all the mannors of the said countie of deuon belonging to the said dutchie — 20. l. the fee of the forrest of dartmore is yeerely — 6. l. 13. s. 4. d. the fee of the steward and keeper of the courts of the mannors in the county of cornewall , which sometimes were the marquesse of exceter , and now parcell of the lands annexed vnto the said dutchy — 46. s. 8. d. the fee of the bailiffe itinerant of the said dutchie of cornewall — 3. l. 10. d. the fee of the woodward of the said dutchie of cornewall yeerely — 5. l. the summe totall of the fees of the officers of the said dutchie of cornewall — 138. l. 3. s. 4. d. money paid vnto the captaine of the castle of saint mawes — 118. l. 12. s. 6. d. money paid to the captaine of the castle of pendynas , both which castles are for the defence of the hauen of falmouth — 118. l. 12. s. 6. d. summe totall — 237. l. 5. s. paid yeerely to the bishop of exceter for the tenth of the coynage of tynne in deuon and cornewall — 16. l. 13. s. 4. d. paid yeerely vnto the barons of the exchequer forth examination of the accounts belonging to the said dutchie — 5. l. the summe totall of all the charges and reprizes taken out thereof , amounted vnto — 615. l. 9. s. 6. d. which being deducted out of the generall summe of the reuenues of the said dutchie , being by estimation , 4569. l. 12. s. 2. d. q. there may remaine of cleere reuenue , the summe of 3954. l. 2s . 8 d. q. which cannot be cast into a certaine yeerely value , by reason of the casuall profits , and casuall expences which may happen yeerely . and thus much of the dutchie of cornewall . the earledome of chester . the third reuenue , is the earledome of chester , whereunto is annexed the countie of flint , belonging to the prince , as earle of chester . the earledome of chester is the third reuenue before spoken of : this earledome bordering vpon north-wales for the better defence of that country , and that the inhabitants should not be thence withdrawne in sutes of law , was made palatyne , and conferred by the conquerour vpon his kinsman , hugh , sirnamed loupe , or lupus , sonne to the earle of awrenches in normandy , to whom hee gaue this earledome , to haue and to hold , to him and his heires , as the words of the first donation import , it a libere adgladium sicut ipse rex tenebat angliam & coronam . this earledome for the more honour thereof , and for the better accomplishment of the palatyne iurisdiction therin ▪ hath certaine substitute baronyes vnder it , who doe acknowledge the earle palatyne to be their superiour lord : as , 1 the baron of halton . 2 the baron of mountalt . 3 the baron of ma●ban●k . 4 the baron of shibrooke . 5 the baron of malpas . 6 the baron of mascey . 7 the baron of kinderton . 8 the baron of stockport . this earledome from the said hugh lupus , discended in his bloud and k●ndred by sundry descents vnto iohn , sirnamed scot , earle of chester , anguise , galway , and huntingdon ; who in the time of king henry the third , dying without issue , the said king henry the third , seized the same into his hands , giuing the aunts and next coheires of the said iohn , other lands , by exchange ; which thing the said king was induced to doe , as the record saith , netanta haereditas inter colos diduceretur , not willing that so great a patrimony should be● parted amongst disttaffs . afterward king edward the first was by his father , the said king henry the third , created earle of chester . but the same earldome being afterwards conferred vpon simon de monford , by his attainder it came the crowne . after that edward the third in the life-time of his father , and before he tooke vpon him the kingdome , had the said earledome , but afterwards hee being king , gaue the same to his eldest sonne edward , surnamed the black prince , by his charter bearing date at pomfret the eighteenth day of march , in the seuenth yeere of his reigne , and inrolled of record in the exchequer anno 33. of the same king. by which charter the said king did grant vnto the said earle of chester , the castles of chester , beston , rothlan , and flint , and all his lands there . and also the cantred and lands of englefield , together with the knights fees , aduousons , liberties , franchises , forrests , chaces , parks , woods , warrens , and other the appurtenances thereunto belonging , to haue and to hold to him and to his heires kings of england . and the same king by another charter bearing date the ninteenth of march , in the seuenth yeere of his reigne , granted vnto the said earle of chester all his goods , chattels , stock of cattell then being in or vpon the said lands of the said earldome formerly granted . moreouer all the kings of england succeeding , when they created their sonnes and heires apparant , princes of wales , did also create them earles of chester , to haue and to hold the same vnto him so created , and his heires kings of england , in such manner as the principality of wales was giuen vnto him . and did by their seuerall charters giue vnto the said earle , the said earledome , and lands , as namely , the said castles of chester , beston , rothlan , and flint , and the castle also of hope , and the mannors of hope and hopedall , and of foresha● , and the said cantred and lands of englefield , and other their lands in the said counties of chester , flint , and elsewhere belonging vnto the said earledome . and the aduouson of the cathedrall church of saint asaph in wales , and the auoydance , issues , and profits of the temporalities of the bishopricks of chester , and saint asaph aforesaid , together with all aduousons , pentions , portions , corrodies , offices , prizes , customes , liberties , franchises , lordships , comots , hundreds , escheats , forfeitures , and hereditaments vnto the said earldome belonging . and to the intent that it may the better appeare both what the ancient reuenewes were of the said earledome , and also what it is at this present , i shall according to the order before pursued , set downe the ancient reuenew thereof , as it was in the latter time of king edward the third , and also how it now standeth in charge to your maiestie . the ancient reuenews of the earldome of chester as it was taken vpon the suruey thereof made in the fiftieth of edward the third . the county of chester . the fee farme of the city of chester — 100. l. for other profits out of the said citie — 4 l the farme of the towne of medwick — 64. l the farme of the milles vpon the riuer of dee — 240 l the manner of dracklow in yeerly rent — 49. l. 22. d. the farme of the mannor of dummarsh — 15. l the forrest of mara the issues and profits thereof — 51. l. 7. s. the rents and profits of norwich are — 66 l the mannor of shotwick the rents are — 30. l. 14. s. 1. d. the mannor of eordsham in yeerly rent — 56. l. 13. s. 4. d. the profits of the office of the sheriffe of the said county — 124. l. 7. s. 4. d. the perquisits of courts holden by the iustice of chester — 180. l. the profits of the office of the escheator — 100 l the summe totall of the reuenew of the said earldome of chester . — 1082. l. 21. d. the county of flint . the profits of the mannor of hope and hopedale — 63. l. the profits of the mannor of ellow and of the mynes of coles there — 6. l. the profits of the office of constable of rothlan whereof he was countable — 8. l. 14. s. the rent of the towne of flint — 56. l. the rent of the towne of colshull — 4. l. 7. s. 10. d. the rent of the towne of carourse — 22. l. 6. s. 8. d. the rent of the towne of bagherge — 14. l. 3. s. 4. d. ob . the towne of veyuoll yeerly — 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. the towne of rothlan and rent thereof — 72. l. 9. s. 2. d. the towne of mosten and rent thereof — 15. l. 6. s. 8. d. the profits of the office of escheator of englefield — 56. l. the bloglot of the county of flint , which consisteth of the profits of the hundred courts within the said county — 72. l. 11. s. 9. d. ob . the perquisits of the sessions in flint — 30. l. the profits of the escheator in the said county — 8. l. summe totall of the reuenews of the earldome rising in the county of flint — 442. l. 19. s. 5. d. the rents of the borough of macklefield — 31. l. the profits of the hundred of macklefield — 31. l. 14. s. the profits of the forrest of macklefield — 88. l. the accompt and profits of the store of macklefield — 13. l. 6. s. 8. d. the herbage and agistments of the parke of macklefield — 6. l. summe totall of the lordship of macklefield 170. l. 8. d. the summe totall of all the reuenew of the said earldome of chester in the said counties of chester and flint , and the lordship ▪ of macklefield — 1694. l. 9. s. 8. d. out of which totall summe there was deducted these summes following . pentions in almes of the said earledome — 61. l. 6. s. 8. d. to sir richard stafford the summe of 129. l. paid vnto him as due of a rent out of the said earldome — 129. l. the fee of the iustices yeerly — 100. l. which being deducted , the whole reuenew of the said earldome remaining , not allowing any other fees to officers , amounted vnto 1304. l. 15. s. 4. d. the reuenews of the same earldome as they now stand in charge to your maiestie are in this manner . the county of chester . the fee farme of the city of chester — 22. l. 2. s. 4 d. ob . the escheated lands with the same city — 7. s. the rents of the mannor of dracklow and rudeheath — 26. l. 2. s. 6. d. the farme of the towne of medywick — 21. l. 6. s. the profits of the office of mara and modern — 34. l. 9. d. the profits of the mannor and parke of stotwick — 23. l. 19. d. the fulling m 〈…〉 vpon the riuer dee — 11. l. the annuall profits of the mannor of fordsham . — 48. l. the profits of the hundred of macklefield — 6. l. 20. d. the farme of the borough of macklefield — 16. l. 13. d. the profits of the forrest of macklefield — 85. l. 12. s. 11. d. ob . q. the profits of the escheeter of chester — 24. l. 19. s. the profits of the office of the sheriffe of the said county — 43. l. 12. s. 3. d. the profits of the chamberlaine of the county of chester — 55. l. 14. s. samme totall of the revenewes in the said earldome of chester in the county of chester — 418. l. 14. d. q. the county of flint . the yeerly value of ellow — 20. l. 8. s. the farme of the towne of flint — 33. l. 19. s. 4 d. the farme of cayrou●e — 7. l. 2. s. 4. d. the castle of ruthlan — 5. l. 12. s. 10. d. the rents and profits of mosten — 7. l. the rents and profits of ●olshill — 54. s. 16. d. the rents of the towne of ruthlan — 44. l. 17. s. 6. d. the lands in englefield in yeerly value — 23. l. 10. d. the profits of vayuoll — 5. l. 9. s. the profits of the o 〈…〉 ce of the esche 〈…〉 — 6. l. 11. s. 9. d. the mynes of cole and wood within the mannor of mosten — 10. s. the office of the sheriffe in rents and casualties — 120. l. the mynes and profits of the faires of northope 3. l. 9. s. 2. d. the totall summe of the said reuenue in yerely rent , 244. l. 5. s. 4. d. in casualties was lastly 37. l. 8. d. the totall in the whole — 281. l. 6. s. the fees of the officers of the said earledome . the county of chester . the fee of the office of the escheator — 10. l. 10. s. the fee of the iustices of assizes in the counties of chester and flint — 100. l. the fee of the attourney generall . — 3. l. 6. s. 8. d. the fee of faure sergeants at law in the said county 14. l. 6. s. 8. d. the fee of the chamberlaine of chester — 20. l. the fee of the sheriffe of chester — 20. l. the fee of the constable of the castle of chester 18. l. 5. s. the fee of the constable of the castle of flint — 10. l. the fee of the ranger of the forrest of mara — 4. l. 11. s. 3. d. the fee of the porter of the castle of flint — 6. l. 1. s. 8. d. the fee of the porter of the said castle , and of the bailiffe itinerant there — 9. l. 2. s 6. d. the fee of the gouernour of the forrest of macklefield — 12. l. the fee of two clarkes of the exchequer at chester , for euery of them 4. l. 11. s. 3. d. — 9. l. 2. s. 6. d. the fee of the surueyor of the workes within the said countie palatine — 6. l. 20. d. the fee of the keeper of the gardens of the castle of chester — 4. l. 11. s. 3. d. the fee of the cryer of the exchequer at chester 3. l. 15. s. the yeerely fee of the master carpenter — 9. l. 12. s. 6. d. the fee of the controller of the counties of chester and flint — 12. l. 3. s. 4. d. the yeerely fee of the pregnatory — 3. l. 6. s. 8. d. the fee of the master cementer — 8. l. 12. s. 6. d. the fee of the chalpaine of the castle of chester — 40. s. the fee paid vnto the deane and chapter of chester — 19. l. 10. s. to the master of the hospitall for his fee — 4. l. 11. s. the summe of this charge in chester , amounteth vnto — 310. l. 9. s. 9. d. which summe of 310. l. 9 s. 9. d. being deducted out of the former totall summe of 699. l. 7 s. 2 d. q. there doth remaine 388. l. 17. s. 5 d. q. which is the cleere remaine of the earledome of chester and flint — 388. l. 17. s. 5. d. q. hitherto haue beene expressed the reuenues of the principality of wales , dutchie of cornewall , and earledome of chester , and the state of them as well antient as moderne ; which moderne estate is much impaired in the reuenue of the land , and so greatly diminished from his former amplitude , that i may fitly say thereof , quantum mutatus a●●llo ; for the reducing whereof to the pristine dignitie , there may be requisite ; first , a perfect and speciall suruey of all the said reuenues , after which it may stand with your maiesties gratious pleasure , either to supply the same by act of parliament , as did king edward the third , or else to direct the same so , as to your princely wisedome shall be thought most conuenient . this treatise i haue accomplished with as much perspicuity and breuity , as my slender ability could afford to giue vnto it . for as touching perspicuity , this argument intreated of , is such as it refuseth all ornament and good composition , as a knotty timber that reiecteth the plaine : and i may say thereof truely , as in the like case the poet affirmeth , vix est contenta doceri . some presidents found of record concerning the forme and disposition of the said reuenues , with sundry other particularities , i haue purposely omitted , fearing lest this treatise be growne already too tedious , and yet the same are carefully reserued ▪ neuerthelesse vntill time doe minister occasion to make further vse of them : which my trauell , with all dutie and loyaltie , i lay downe at your maiesties feete , crauing pardon for my presumption and manifold imperfections appearing therein ; for omnia habere in memoria , & in nullo errare diuinum est , potius quam humanum , as writeth bracton , an auntient iudge of this realme , who liued three hundred yeeres agoe . the lord blesse your maiestie with all his blessings both spirituall and temporall , and who hath giuen you this particular blessing , that your maiestie may truely say with king dauid ; thou hast deliuered me from the contentions of my people , thou hast preserued mee to be the head ouer nations , the people which i knew not doe serue mee . and the lord further grant that you and your royall issue may gouerne vs and our posterity in peace and happinesse vnto the worlds end . finis . notes, typically marginal, from the original text notes for div a20577-e150 suetonius . lampridus . tacuus . notes for div a20577-e1810 wales , what part of the island of albion . hum. lloyd apud ort●lium in thesaur geographico . et idem hum. lloyd in frag ▪ mento britanniae descriptioue ●ol . mi●i ●o . rilsanus duflius in dictionario suo teutonico-latino in verbo walliae . saissons or saxons . wales anciently no parcell of the realme of england . 10. b 4. 6. b. 19. b. 6. 12. a. ●2 . b. 6. 25. b. 36. b. 6. 33. b. com. plow 129. b. & 2 6 b. vid. cambd. in com radnor expolicratico io●●nis barisburiensis 10. b. 4. 6 b. com. plowd : 126. b. 129. b. les auncient tenures fol 116. com. plow . 12● . b. edw. 1. tooke vpon him the name of prince of wales record . tu●●is london 29. h. 3. polydor virgil . lib. 16. fol. mi●i 311. doctor powel in the welsh chro. fo . 311. matth. paris . a●●o 1257. so . mi●i 914. patent . 51. ● . 3 pa●●prima . wales su●●●ed by k. edw. 1. the shires made by e. 1. were these . statum waliae . 12 : ed. the first . the chronicle of wales compiled par●ly by h. lloyd , and partly by doctor powel page 376. cronica angliae ●mnia huiu● temporis . edward the black prince , prince of wales ex chartacreationis in parliament● a. 15. ● . ● the manner of the inucsture of the prince . garter king at armes hath the manner and order of this creation and inuesture painted . ex charta regia data 4 mar●●j a. 17. ed. 3. termino michaelis , a. 16 e. 3. rot 6. exparte remen . ●ratoris thesaury in curia scaccari● . this rice ap meredick rebelled against k. edw. 1. after his conquest of wales , as appeareth in the chronicles of that time . voydance of bishoprickes . customes and prices of wines executions of iustice and a chancery , forrests , chases , parkes , wariens . vid. 4. et 5. p. et m. 159 nu . 34. vid. com. 217. a. 1. eliz. 165. a. nu . 1. dier . 14. h. 4. libre prime digestorum iuris civilis . tituulo de legibus lege 19. ex charta regui data 20. septem . irrotulata in memorandis scij . a. 36. e. 3. termino michaelis rot. 14. the cronicks of england of this time . rich. of burdeaux sonne of the black prince created prince of wales after the death of his father . charta regia d●●a 20. nou. an. 50. ed. 3. ex rotule chartarum de deanno 1. regni regis , b. 4. alta charta eodem anno. carta regia 15. marty . 32. he● . 6. edward , sonne and heire apparant of king hen. the sixt , prince of wales . his creation . 33. h. 6. the king to haue the reucnues , till the prince accomplish the age of fourteene yeeres . ex charta regia dot . in scaccario penes remem●r . thesaurar . remanente . in chartes pat . 35 b 6 pars 2. ● . 11. e. 4 pars 1. membr . 1. pat . 13. e. 4. pars 2. ed. 4. vpon his returne into england tooke an oath at york that he would not claime the kingdome , but only the dutchy of york . inter warra . ad magnum sigillum in cancellaria . ex charta de concess . de ●ryg . &c. 9. h. 7. inter warr . ad magnum sigillum in cancellaria . a councell assigned the said prince . charta creationis pri●● . waliae 10. h. 7. com. ministre . ducat . cornw . 30. & 31. b. 8. inter recordeur augment . doctor pow. in chronic. wall. statum walliae fol. 53. 2 e. 4 12 a. geraldus camb. 23. 24. e. i. ro● . 51. hill. 7. e. apud 〈…〉 r. sca 〈…〉 rij . the chamberlaines accompts . 3. e 3. 19. & i● le nouel print . 63. a. 7. h 35. b. chamberlains accompts . ministers accompts 18. h. ● . ministers accompe● . 16 e. 4 chamberlains accompts . 19. h. 6. 12. b. 21. h. 7. 33. a. the marches of wales another policy the originall of the baro ▪ ni●s ma●●●●●●s . 1● . e 2. fitz. ●ss●● . 182. 13. e. ● . fitz●a . iurisdiction 23. 47. e. 3. 5. 67. 6. h. ● ▪ fitz●a . ●urisdiction 34. 7. ● . 635. 36. ● . 30. ●6 . 6. ● . ●ohn , bishop of worcester , first president of the marches of wales . doctor powell , in c●●on . walli● p. 389. stat. 27 h. 8. cap. 26. statutum de 24. h. 8. cap. 26. stat. 27. h. 8. cap. 26. stat. 27. h. 8. cap. 26. stat. 27. h. 8. cap. 26. circuits . 34. h. 8. cap. 26. stat. iustice stat. 18. eliz. cap. 8. stat. 34. h. 8. cap. 2. & 4. stat. 18. eliz. cap. 8. criminall causes . ciuill causes . common pleas . iustices of af●ise . writs either iudiciall or originall . the great sessions . adiournements . 34. ● . 8. cap. 26. ● . 33. prothonatory . clarke of the crowne . at the kings appointment . the marshall . cryer . the clarke of the peace . the sheriffe . 34. h. 8. cap. 16. the county court deriued from iustice commutatiue . escheator . 34. h. 8. cap. 16. coroners . 34. h. 8. cap. 26. skeene in verborum significationem iuris scotiae . these are in scotland . constables of the hundred . the goale . the iurisdiction of the councell of the marches of wales . statum 34. h. ● . ca. 26. iustice of northwales . chamberlaine . auditor . comptroler . atturney . surueyor . constable . captaine . souldiers . porter . constable . captaine . souldiers . porter : constable souldiers . constable . captaine . souldiers porter . forrester ; steward . marshall . exchequer . iustice , auditor . attorney . constable . sheriffe . steward . clarke . crier . steward . penkeys . steward . clarke . bailiffe . baliffe . constable sheirffe . clarke . cryer . clerke . steward . clerke . clerke . bayliffe . bayliffe . captaine . escheator . clerke . exchequer . the councell . gouernour . chamberlaine 21 e. 3 pat . part 2. hollinshead . the attourney . 11 e. 4 ●at . pars 1. the clarke . the vsher . the vsher of the princes chamber . carnaruonshire . anglesey-shire . merioneth-shire . cardigan-shire . carmarden ▪ shi●e . the county of carnaruon . the county of anglesey . the county of 〈…〉 . the county of cardigan . the county of carmarden . statut. de a. 33. b. 6. in originale de a. 35. b. 6. rot . 29 ea parte rememor . thesaur . in scaccar . char●a data 4. septem . 11. e. 3. 1. mar diar 94 : b. 32. parliament . 9. b. 5. carta dat . 10. iuly , ●6 e. ● carta dat . 17. martij . 11. e. 3. carta dat . 18. martij , 11. e. 3. carta dat . 3. ●●●● . 11 ● 3. the coynage of tynne . casaneus in catal●go gloriae mundi par . ● . consider . 24. numero 121. ex compoto iohannis arundel militis receptoris generalis ducatis . cornubi● 15 h. 8. officers of the dutchy . these summes ought n 〈…〉 e to be charged vpon the reuenue of the dutchy , for that these castles belong to the crown .