Prudential reasons for repealing the penal laws against all recusants and for a general toleration penn'd by a Protestant person of quality.
         Burthogge, Richard, 1638?-ca. 1700.
      
       
         
           1687
        
      
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             Prudential reasons for repealing the penal laws against all recusants and for a general toleration penn'd by a Protestant person of quality.
             Burthogge, Richard, 1638?-ca. 1700.
          
           [4], 11 p.
           
             Printed for Matthew Turner ...,
             London :
             1687.
          
           
             Written by Richard Burthogge. Cf. DNB.
             "Published by authority.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Dissenters, Religious -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Catholics -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           PRUDENTIAL
           REASONS
           FOR
           REPEALING
           THE
           PENAL
           LAWS
           AGAINST
           All
           Recusants
           ,
           And
           for
           a
           
             General
             Toleration
          
           ,
        
         
           Penn'd
           by
           a
           Protestant
           Person
           of
           Quality
           .
        
         
           
             Published
             by
             Authority
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Matthew
             Turner
          
           at
           the
           Lamb
           in
           
             High
             Holborn
          
           .
           1687.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           READER
           ,
        
         
           YOu
           will
           admire
           perhaps
           at
           first
           the
           Confidence
           of
           this
           Person
           ,
           who
           never
           was
           of
           the
           Council
           ,
           be
           sure
           ,
           nor
           is
           of
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           make
           so
           bold
           as
           to
           endeavour
           to
           shew
           the
           Interests
           of
           All
           Parties
           ,
           and
           ev'n
           those
           of
           the
           King
           and
           of
           the
           Country
           .
           But
           you
           will
           have
           cause
           to
           cease
           your
           Admiration
           ,
           if
           you
           consider
           ,
           that
           the
           Interests
           of
           the
           Parties
           do
           not
           lie
           so
           deep
           under
           ground
           as
           is
           thought
           ;
           and
           that
           if
           Men
           do
           not
           see
           them
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           because
           they
           Cannot
           ,
           but
           because
           they
           Will
           not
           ;
           not
           because
           the
           Object
           is
           Hid
           ,
           but
           because
           their
           Eyes
           (
           with
           which
           they
           must
           see
           it
           )
           are
           mop't
           in
           Passions
           and
           Prejudices
           .
           The
           Author
           pretends
           to
           see
           no
           more
           ,
           than
           every
           body
           else
           may
           ,
           
           provided
           ,
           that
           he
           will
           wipe
           his
           Eyes
           ,
           and
           be
           as
           impartial
           and
           as
           unprejudic'd
           as
           He.
           
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           King
           ,
           whom
           God
           long
           preserve
           ;
           Thanks
           be
           to
           God
           ,
           he
           has
           a
           clearer
           Prospect
           of
           His
           own
           and
           of
           His
           Kingdoms
           Interest
           ,
           in
           the
           Matters
           debated
           ,
           than
           Any
           His
           Royal
           Predecessors
           had
           ;
           and
           He
           pursues
           it
           too
           with
           that
           Conduct
           and
           that
           Vigor
           which
           corresponds
           with
           the
           Miracles
           that
           preserv'd
           the
           Crown
           for
           Him
           ,
           and
           also
           Him
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           Glory
           greater
           than
           that
           of
           wearing
           Crowns
           ,
           to
           wit
           ,
           to
           be
           the
           Restorer
           of
           Religion
           to
           Liberty
           and
           Freedom
           of
           Exercise
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Prudential
           Reasons
           for
           Repealing
           the
           Penal
           Laws
           against
           All
           Recusants
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           General
           Toleration
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           CHristian
           Religion
           and
           Civil
           Government
           are
           things
           so
           different
           ,
           as
           in
           their
           Originals
           ,
           so
           in
           their
           Natures
           ;
           and
           ordain'd
           for
           Ends
           so
           different
           ,
           (
           the
           Former
           being
           Divine
           and
           Spiritual
           ,
           and
           ordain'd
           to
           be
           a
           Means
           to
           Mens
           Eternal
           Felicity
           ;
           the
           Latter
           ,
           Human
           and
           Secular
           ,
           and
           appointed
           for
           their
           Temporal
           Welfare
           )
           that
           in
           themselves
           ,
           and
           absolutely
           taken
           ,
           they
           are
           nothing
           a
           Kin
           ,
           and
           of
           no
           Relation
           one
           to
           another
           .
           Wherefore
           Civil
           Government
           (
           as
           such
           )
           cannot
           be
           oblig'd
           to
           concern
           it self
           in
           the
           Business
           of
           Religion
           ,
           or
           to
           Incorporate
           Any
           ,
           any
           further
           than
           as
           Politic
           and
           Secular
           Respects
           do
           ingage
           it
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           any
           further
           than
           as
           a
           Concernment
           of
           Religion
           may
           become
           a
           matter
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           be
           for
           the
           Quiet
           ,
           Safety
           ,
           Strength
           and
           Support
           ,
           and
           so
           do's
           make
           for
           the
           Ends
           and
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Government
           .
        
         
           Now
           it
           is
           for
           the
           Interest
           ,
           Quiet
           ,
           Strength
           and
           Safety
           of
           every
           Government
           to
           give
           as
           much
           Contentment
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           it self
           as
           easie
           as
           is
           possible
           unto
           all
           its
           Subjects
           ,
           but
           especially
           in
           matters
           of
           Conscience
           ;
           which
           ,
           as
           they
           have
           the
           greatest
           Ascendent
           over
           the
           Minds
           of
           Men
           ,
           so
           the
           Gratifications
           and
           Displeasures
           that
           have
           reference
           to
           these
           ,
           of
           all
           others
           do
           most
           deeply
           affect
           them
           .
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           against
           the
           Interest
           ,
           the
           Quiet
           ,
           the
           Strength
           and
           the
           Safety
           of
           Government
           to
           espouse
           Religion
           (
           in
           any
           Mode
           thereof
           )
           so
           as
           to
           establish
           it
           by
           Law
           any
           further
           ,
           or
           in
           any
           other
           manner
           than
           as
           may
           consist
           with
           the
           general
           liking
           ,
           and
           give
           Content
           unto
           all
           in
           Reason
           ;
           for
           Reason
           at
           last
           will
           Rule
           ,
           and
           over-rule
           both
           Passions
           and
           Prejudices
           .
           StateBigottry
           (
           in
           any
           Religion
           )
           cannot
           be
           for
           the
           Interest
           of
           Government
           .
        
         
         
           2.
           
           But
           to
           circumscribe
           my self
           within
           a
           nearer
           compass
           .
           All
           the
           Sanguinary
           and
           Burthensome
           Laws
           relating
           to
           Religion
           ,
           that
           from
           time
           to
           time
           have
           been
           enacted
           by
           our
           English
           Parliaments
           ,
           against
           either
           Popish
           or
           other
           Recusants
           ;
           They
           were
           all
           made
           in
           a
           Passion
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           only
           to
           humour
           the
           Times
           ,
           as
           might
           be
           prov'd
           by
           Induction
           of
           all
           the
           Particulars
           .
           And
           therefore
           as
           things
           of
           that
           Production
           always
           have
           ,
           so
           even
           these
           have
           something
           in
           them
           of
           Violent
           ,
           Inequitable
           and
           Extravagant
           ,
           and
           of
           unfit
           and
           inconvenient
           at
           least
           for
           times
           of
           Peace
           and
           Tranquility
           :
           So
           that
           to
           repeal
           them
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           an
           Act
           of
           Moderation
           ,
           Clemency
           and
           Justice
           ,
           and
           of
           Politic
           Prudence
           and
           Wisdom
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Besides
           ,
           the
           Penal
           Laws
           did
           never
           answer
           the
           Ends
           and
           Designs
           for
           which
           they
           were
           intended
           ;
           but
           instead
           of
           securing
           good
           Order
           ,
           Quiet
           ,
           Peace
           and
           Tranquility
           to
           the
           Government
           ,
           they
           too
           often
           prov'd
           a
           matter
           of
           Embroylment
           and
           Disturbance
           unto
           it
           ;
           and
           have
           been
           the
           Handles
           which
           upon
           all
           occasions
           ,
           Ambitious
           ,
           Factious
           ,
           Discontented
           Men
           have
           taken
           hold
           of
           ,
           and
           have
           used
           to
           wind
           about
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           make
           a
           Property
           of
           them
           to
           serve
           their
           ill
           Designs
           and
           Intentions
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Penal
           Laws
           never
           answered
           or
           effected
           their
           Ends.
           
        
         
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           on
           several
           Occasions
           ,
           in
           several
           Parliaments
           ,
           gave
           Life
           and
           Birth
           to
           Laws
           of
           extream
           severity
           ,
           not
           only
           against
           the
           Roman
           Catholic
           ,
           but
           also
           the
           Puritan
           Recusant
           ;
           but
           against
           both
           to
           little
           effect
           ;
           for
           notwithstanding
           all
           that
           severity
           ,
           Popery
           was
           not
           extirpated
           ,
           and
           Nonconformity
           grew
           and
           spread
           ;
           it
           is
           true
           ,
           the
           less
           observedly
           ,
           but
           not
           the
           less
           dangerously
           for
           that
           it
           grew
           in
           secret
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           was
           not
           observed
           .
        
         
           King
           James
           succeeding
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           would
           needs
           be
           her
           Successor
           as
           to
           her
           Methods
           of
           Prudence
           as
           well
           as
           to
           her
           Crown
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           same
           Method
           was
           met
           with
           the
           same
           success
           :
           Papists
           were
           more
           sharpned
           ,
           and
           Puritans
           spred
           more
           ;
           the
           Severities
           of
           the
           Law
           increasing
           only
           the
           number
           of
           Enemies
           ,
           without
           establishing
           the
           Quiet
           ,
           Repose
           and
           Peace
           of
           the
           Government
           .
           When
           Laws
           are
           Enemies
           to
           any
           Men
           ,
           to
           be
           sure
           ,
           say
           they
           what
           they
           will
           ,
           and
           swear
           what
           they
           will
           ,
           those
           Men
           will
           be
           Enemies
           to
           the
           Laws
           .
           Ay!
           the
           very
           Being
           of
           the
           Penal
           Laws
           without
           a
           perpetual
           Execution
           of
           them
           do's
           make
           Enemies
           .
           For
           Men
           will
           always
           hate
           what
           they
           always
           fear
           ;
           and
           
           the
           Laws
           (
           if
           in
           Being
           )
           are
           always
           feared
           ,
           because
           if
           they
           do
           not
           strike
           always
           ,
           yet
           they
           may
           strike
           ,
           and
           no
           body
           knows
           how
           soon
           
             they
             will
          
           :
           Which
           minds
           me
           of
           the
           second
           Point
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           the
           Penal
           Laws
           have
           often
           ministred
           matter
           of
           Disturbance
           and
           Imbroylment
           to
           the
           Government
           ;
           to
           evidence
           which
           we
           need
           not
           to
           go
           back
           to
           far
           remote
           and
           distant
           times
           ,
           but
           may
           keep
           within
           our
           own
           Horizon
           and
           Ken
           ,
           and
           yet
           have
           Examples
           enough
           ,
           and
           plain
           enough
           .
        
         
           When
           King
           
             Charles
             the
             First
          
           ,
           for
           certain
           Reasons
           of
           State
           ,
           had
           remitted
           the
           execution
           of
           the
           severity
           of
           the
           Laws
           against
           Roman
           Catholics
           ,
           and
           for
           other
           Reasons
           permitted
           some
           severities
           to
           be
           used
           by
           the
           Clergy
           for
           the
           suppressing
           of
           Puritans
           ;
           occasion
           is
           taken
           hence
           for
           making
           Complaints
           upon
           both
           Hands
           ;
           to
           wit
           ,
           of
           the
           Non-execution
           of
           the
           Laws
           against
           the
           Roman-Catholics
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           too
           severe
           Execution
           against
           Puritans
           .
           Popery
           (
           the
           Cry
           is
           )
           is
           favored
           ,
           and
           True-Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           Puritanism
           and
           Non-Conformity
           ,
           (
           is
           )
           discouraged
           and
           even
           undermin'd
           :
           At
           last
           out
           comes
           the
           
             Popish
             Royal
             Favorite
          
           ,
           and
           on
           comes
           War
           and
           Confusion
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           To
           come
           nearer
           yet
           ;
           When
           
             Charles
             the
             Second
          
           after
           a
           long
           experience
           of
           the
           Unfitness
           and
           Inefficacy
           of
           forcible
           Courses
           for
           setling
           the
           Repose
           of
           State
           ,
           (
           the
           which
           he
           had
           wisely
           observed
           )
           found
           Cause
           to
           emit
           his
           Gracious
           Declaration
           of
           Liberty
           and
           Indulgence
           ,
           to
           quiet
           the
           Minds
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           have
           Peace
           at
           home
           ,
           while
           he
           was
           making
           War
           abroad
           :
           Presently
           the
           Alarm
           is
           sounded
           ,
           the
           Church
           is
           in
           danger
           ,
           an
           Inundation
           of
           Fanatics
           worse
           than
           that
           of
           the
           Gothes
           and
           Vandals
           ,
           is
           like
           to
           run
           over
           all
           ,
           and
           
             Currat
             Lex
          
           is
           the
           word
           ,
           and
           this
           too
           ,
           by
           Men
           that
           would
           be
           thought
           to
           valew
           themselves
           on
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           Non-resistance
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           when
           by
           Intercession
           of
           Parliament
           and
           from
           other
           Considerations
           ,
           he
           was
           induc'd
           to
           Revoke
           his
           Declaration
           (
           from
           which
           moment
           he
           might
           have
           dated
           the
           beginning
           of
           all
           the
           Stirs
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Imbroylments
           that
           followed
           )
           in
           a
           little
           Time
           ,
           the
           Fanatics
           being
           sufficiently
           mortify'd
           ,
           up
           goes
           another
           Cry
           (
           God
           wot
           )
           of
           the
           
             Growth
             of
             Popery
          
           ,
           in
           which
           (
           without
           doubt
           )
           the
           Fanatics
           did
           heartily
           joyn
           ,
           both
           out
           of
           a
           sense
           of
           Revenge
           ,
           and
           from
           that
           of
           their
           Interest
           .
           After
           this
           came
           Plots
           upon
           Plots
           ,
           and
           Difficulty
           upon
           Difficulty
           ,
           to
           the
           certain
           Danger
           ,
           
           and
           almost
           as
           certain
           Ruin
           and
           Destruction
           of
           the
           Government
           .
           Of
           such
           advantage
           are
           the
           Penal
           Laws
           to
           the
           Safety
           ,
           Quiet
           ,
           and
           Repose
           of
           the
           State
           !
           Indeed
           while
           these
           are
           in
           being
           ,
           there
           can
           never
           want
           Pretexts
           ,
           upon
           one
           hand
           or
           the
           other
           ,
           
             Quiet
             a
             movendi
          
           ,
           to
           make
           Complaints
           of
           ;
           as
           ,
           either
           of
           too
           much
           severity
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           executed
           ,
           or
           else
           of
           too
           much
           remisness
           ,
           if
           they
           are
           not
           .
           Away
           then
           with
           these
           two-handed
           Tools
           of
           Contention
           and
           Faction
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           I
           may
           add
           ,
           That
           Severities
           ,
           especially
           in
           Matters
           of
           Religion
           ,
           are
           so
           contrary
           to
           the
           Complexion
           and
           Temper
           of
           our
           Nation
           ,
           which
           both
           by
           Nature
           and
           by
           the
           Frame
           of
           our
           Government
           ,
           in
           the
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           of
           it
           ,
           are
           much
           more
           mild
           and
           gentle
           than
           most
           others
           ,
           That
           the
           very
           Authors
           and
           Promoters
           of
           the
           sanguinary
           and
           burthensom
           Laws
           ,
           in
           a
           little
           time
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           Heat
           was
           over
           ,
           grew
           weary
           and
           remiss
           themselves
           in
           executing
           of
           them
           .
           Fuller
           tells
           us
           ,
           in
           his
           
             Ecclesiastical
             History
             ,
             cent
          
           .
           16.
           
           
             That
             when
             these
             Statutes
             (
             he
             speaks
             particularly
             of
             that
             in
             the
             Twenty
             third
             of
             Elizabeth
             ,
             against
             Jesuits
             ,
             &c.
             )
             were
             first
             in
             the
             State
             and
             Magisteriality
             thereof
             ,
             they
             were
             severely
             put
             in
             practise
             on
             such
             Offenders
             as
             they
             first
             lighted
             on
             .
             But
             some
             years
             after
             ,
             the
             Queen
             and
             her
             Judges
             grew
             Remiss
             in
             the
             Execution
             thereof
             ;
             witness
             the
             only
             confining
             of
             many
             of
             '
             them
             to
             Wisbich
             Castle
             .
             And
             in
             King
             
             James's
             Days
             ,
             this
             Dormant
             Law
             against
             Jesuits
             only
             awaked
             some
             once
             in
             four
             or
             five
             years
             (
             to
             shew
             the
             World
             that
             it
             was
             not
             dead
             )
             and
             then
             fairly
             fell
             asleep
             again
             ,
             being
             very
             sparingly
             put
             in
             execution
             ,
             against
             some
             Notorious
             Offenders
             .
          
           Thus
           he
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           And
           if
           we
           consider
           this
           Subject
           in
           a
           larger
           Circle
           ,
           and
           speculate
           upon
           it
           exactly
           ,
           the
           Prudentialness
           of
           what
           I
           have
           propos'd
           ,
           and
           have
           hitherto
           argued
           ,
           will
           appear
           the
           brighter
           .
        
         
           Opinions
           then
           ,
           and
           Practices
           in
           matters
           of
           Religion
           are
           either
           Plausible
           and
           Popular
           ,
           or
           of
           a
           nature
           not
           so
           apt
           to
           take
           with
           the
           People
           .
           If
           Opinions
           and
           Practices
           are
           not
           plausible
           and
           popular
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           Nature
           unapt
           to
           take
           with
           the
           People
           ,
           in
           that
           case
           there
           is
           no
           need
           of
           Laws
           to
           suppress
           them
           ,
           because
           no
           danger
           of
           them
           ,
           they
           will
           expire
           of
           themselves
           ;
           Laws
           against
           them
           ,
           will
           but
           give
           them
           Credit
           and
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           perpetuate
           their
           Memory
           ;
           to
           despise
           and
           neglect
           is
           to
           extinguish
           and
           stifle
           them
           .
        
         
         
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           when
           Opinions
           and
           Practices
           are
           plausible
           and
           popular
           ,
           are
           well
           nick'd
           ,
           and
           are
           apt
           to
           infect
           ,
           and
           take
           with
           the
           People
           ,
           but
           yet
           have
           not
           as
           yet
           infected
           them
           and
           spread
           among
           them
           ,
           all
           things
           being
           as
           yet
           still
           and
           quiet
           ,
           in
           that
           Case
           the
           Quickest
           and
           Severest
           Remedies
           seem
           the
           Best
           ,
           because
           they
           eradicate
           .
           And
           thus
           while
           the
           Reformation
           was
           circumscribed
           in
           the
           Breast
           of
           one
           only
           Luther
           ,
           if
           Friar
           
           Hogostrate's
           Counsel
           (
           indeed
           an
           
           Achitophel's
           )
           of
           applying
           Chains
           ,
           and
           Fire
           ,
           and
           Flame
           ,
           as
           the
           only
           proper
           Remedy
           ,
           had
           been
           follow'd
           ,
           That
           Course
           (
           't
           is
           very
           probable
           )
           would
           have
           for
           ever
           prevented
           it
           .
           But
           God
           had
           better
           things
           in
           Reserve
           .
           And
           this
           Method
           even
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           follow'd
           as
           to
           the
           Dutch
           Anabaptists
           that
           came
           over
           hither
           :
           She
           Burnt
           two
           ,
           and
           Banish'd
           all
           the
           rest
           that
           would
           not
           Recant
           :
           Which
           Proceeding
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Rules
           of
           Policy
           ,
           was
           certainly
           good
           ;
           but
           how
           Equitable
           it
           was
           ,
           and
           how
           Christian
           ,
           I
           leave
           to
           others
           to
           judge
           .
        
         
           But
           after
           that
           Opinions
           and
           Practices
           have
           gotten
           Roots
           in
           the
           Minds
           of
           Men
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           spread
           among
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           are
           entertain'd
           with
           Applause
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           are
           some
           Persons
           who
           think
           it
           to
           be
           a
           Concern
           of
           Salvation
           to
           them
           to
           Propagate
           ,
           and
           others
           that
           think
           it
           no
           less
           a
           Concern
           of
           theirs
           to
           Receive
           them
           ;
           in
           this
           Case
           (
           and
           this
           is
           Ours
           )
           the
           Severity
           of
           Laws
           ,
           if
           executed
           ,
           (
           and
           Laws
           without
           Execution
           are
           Scare-crows
           ,
           seen
           and
           despised
           )
           do's
           only
           hinder
           the
           Open
           Profession
           ,
           but
           not
           the
           Belief
           and
           Secret
           Practice
           :
           may
           Repel
           the
           Humors
           ,
           and
           make
           them
           eager
           and
           virulent
           ,
           and
           consequently
           encrease
           the
           Danger
           ;
           but
           do's
           not
           Expel
           or
           Alter
           them
           .
           Thus
           the
           Body
           Politic
           becomes
           replenish'd
           with
           Malignities
           ,
           and
           then
           any
           jogging
           and
           stirring
           of
           State
           endangers
           it
           ;
           whereof
           one
           day
           our
           neighbour
           Kingdom
           of
           France
           may
           have
           a
           dangerous
           Experience
           .
           And
           certainly
           even
           at
           this
           time
           some
           of
           our
           
             own
             Church
          
           ,
           who
           lately
           proceeded
           to
           so
           great
           Extremities
           against
           Dissenters
           ,
           and
           thought
           by
           that
           Proceeding
           to
           have
           got
           an
           absolute
           Victory
           ,
           begin
           to
           fear
           it
           ;
           and
           should
           His
           Majesty
           please
           to
           grant
           His
           Indulgence
           by
           Proclamation
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           Seal
           ,
           I
           believe
           they
           would
           Find
           it
           a
           great
           Truth
           ,
           That
           Severity
           and
           Persecution
           may
           make
           Conformists
           ,
           but
           not
           Converts
           :
           However
           the
           Observation
           is
           not
           new
           .
        
         
         
           The
           burning
           of
           Men
           and
           Women
           like
           Torches
           in
           Queen
           
           Mary's
           Days
           ,
           tho'
           it
           had
           this
           Effect
           ,
           that
           it
           produc'd
           an
           universal
           external
           Conformity
           to
           the
           Roman-Catholic
           Rites
           ,
           yet
           seeing
           those
           Fires
           did
           only
           heat
           the
           Humors
           of
           the
           Men
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           burn
           without
           Illuminating
           their
           Minds
           ;
           no
           sooner
           was
           Occasion
           presented
           ,
           as
           ,
           by
           the
           Descent
           of
           the
           Crown
           on
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           but
           the
           Ineffectualness
           ,
           Folly
           ,
           and
           Weakness
           of
           that
           Proceeding
           appeared
           ;
           for
           the
           People
           ,
           no
           more
           than
           the
           Clergy
           (
           generally
           speaking
           )
           were
           now
           no
           longer
           what
           they
           seem'd
           before
           .
           Again
           ,
           the
           Condemnation
           of
           Udal
           ,
           and
           Execution
           of
           Barrow
           and
           others
           ,
           (
           who
           were
           hang'd
           as
           Felons
           )
           for
           Non-conformity
           in
           Queen
           
           Elizabeth's
           Time
           ,
           had
           no
           better
           Effect
           ,
           as
           the
           Consequence
           shew'd
           ;
           for
           notwithstanding
           that
           Severity
           ,
           Puritanism
           grew
           in
           Her
           Time
           as
           Protestantism
           did
           in
           Queen
           
           Mary's
           ,
           and
           possibly
           the
           faster
           for
           that
           Severity
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           King
           
             James
             the
             First
          
           was
           fully
           convinc'd
           (
           at
           last
           )
           by
           the
           burning
           of
           Legate
           and
           Weightman
           (
           for
           the
           Writ
           
             de
             Haeretico
             comburendo
          
           has
           done
           jobs
           for
           others
           ,
           more
           than
           once
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           for
           Roman-Catholics
           )
           he
           finding
           by
           that
           experiment
           of
           Fire
           Ordeal
           ,
           the
           truth
           of
           this
           Observation
           ,
           That
           severe
           Executions
           in
           matters
           of
           Religion
           ,
           even
           when
           the
           Opinions
           are
           but
           speculative
           and
           not
           apt
           to
           take
           ,
           do
           ordinarily
           more
           hurt
           than
           good
           .
           The
           Observation
           Fuller
           has
           made
           of
           the
           success
           of
           those
           Executions
           in
           King
           
           James's
           time
           ,
           deserves
           that
           we
           should
           put
           our
           Finger
           upon
           it
           .
           
             God
             may
             seem
             (
             says
             he
             in
             his
             
               
                 Ecclesiast
                 .
                 History
                 Cent.
                 17.
                 
                 Sect.
              
               4.
               
            
             )
             well
             pleas'd
             with
             this
             seasonable
             severity
             ,
             for
             the
             Fire
             thus
             kindled
             ,
             quickly
             went
             out
             for
             want
             of
             Fewel
             ,
             I
             mean
             ,
             there
             was
             none
             ever
             after
             that
             avowed
             these
             Heretical
             Doctrines
             ,
             only
             a
             Spanish
             Arian
             ,
             who
             condemn'd
             to
             die
             ,
             was
             notwithstanding
             suffered
             to
             linger
             out
             his
             life
             in
             Newgate
             ,
             where
             he
             ended
             the
             same
             .
             Indeed
             
               such
               burning
               of
               Heretics
               much
               startled
               common
               People
               ,
               pitying
               all
               in
               pain
               ,
            
             and
             prone
             to
             asperse
             Iustice
             it self
             with
             Cruelty
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             novelty
             and
             hideousness
             of
             the
             Punishment
             .
             And
             the
             Purblind
             Eyes
             of
             Vulgar
             Judgments
             looked
             only
             on
             what
             was
             next
             to
             them
             (
             the
             Suffering
             it self
             )
             which
             they
             beheld
             with
             compassion
             ,
             not
             minding
             the
             demerit
             of
             the
             guilt
             which
             deserved
             the
             same
             .
             Besides
             such
             being
             unable
             to
             distinguish
             betwixt
             Constancy
             and
             Obstinacy
             ,
             were
             ready
             to
             
             entertain
             good
             thoughts
             even
             of
             the
             Opinions
             of
             those
             Heretics
             ,
             who
             sealed
             them
             so
             manfully
             with
             their
             Blood.
             Wherefore
             King
             James
             
               politicly
               preferr'd
            
             ,
             that
             Heretics
             hereafter
             ,
             tho'
             condemn'd
             ,
             should
             silently
             and
             privately
             waste
             themselves
             away
             in
             the
             Prison
             ,
             rather
             than
             to
             grace
             them
             and
             amuse
             others
             with
             the
             solemnity
             of
             a
             public
             Execution
             ,
             which
             in
             Popular
             Judgment
             usurped
             the
             Honor
             of
             a
             Persecution
             .
          
           Thus
           he
           .
           But
           to
           return
           .
        
         
           The
           only
           proper
           Method
           then
           ,
           in
           case
           Religious
           Perswasions
           have
           taken
           Root
           ,
           and
           are
           so
           largely
           diffus'd
           among
           the
           People
           that
           they
           cannot
           be
           eradicated
           but
           by
           Barbarous
           Cruelty
           ,
           and
           with
           extream
           scandal
           ,
           as
           by
           Massacres
           and
           Assassinates
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           the
           only
           proper
           Method
           in
           this
           Case
           is
           that
           which
           is
           Lenitive
           ,
           the
           method
           of
           Toleration
           and
           Indulgence
           ,
           but
           with
           due
           Regulations
           .
           For
           in
           this
           Method
           ,
           altho'
           Recusants
           are
           permitted
           to
           continue
           such
           still
           as
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           yet
           they
           cannot
           but
           become
           entirely
           the
           Friends
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           which
           by
           giving
           them
           such
           Reasonable
           Satisfaction
           ,
           do's
           as
           well
           deprive
           them
           of
           just
           occasions
           of
           complaint
           ,
           as
           take
           away
           from
           the
           Multitude
           all
           occasions
           of
           Compassion
           and
           Pity
           .
           And
           in
           this
           state
           of
           things
           should
           any
           Recusants
           be
           still
           contriving
           and
           intriguing
           it
           will
           be
           manifest
           (
           to
           all
           )
           that
           it
           is
           not
           Conscience
           ,
           but
           a
           Lust
           of
           Power
           and
           Rule
           that
           Acts
           them
           ,
           the
           very
           suspition
           of
           which
           will
           lose
           them
           the
           People
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           may
           be
           punish'd
           by
           the
           Hand
           of
           Justice
           ,
           not
           only
           without
           Murmur
           ,
           but
           even
           with
           general
           Applause
           .
           Tho'
           many
           will
           hear
           them
           that
           say
           ,
           
             We
             preach
             our selves
             your
             Servants
             for
             Christs
             sake
             ,
          
           but
           few
           will
           indure
           such
           as
           shall
           say
           (
           but
           in
           effect
           )
           
             We
             Preach
             our selves
             your
             Lords
             ,
             and
             you
             our
             Servants
             ,
             for
             our
             own
             sakes
             .
          
        
         
           It
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           that
           Restraint
           doth
           whet
           the
           Appetite
           ,
           and
           therefore
           that
           Indulgence
           and
           Liberty
           will
           abate
           it
           :
           Men
           will
           not
           care
           so
           much
           to
           hear
           Recusants
           ,
           when
           they
           are
           not
           restrain'd
           from
           hearing
           them
           .
        
         
           
           
             Prudential
             Reasons
             for
             Repealing
             the
             Penal
             Laws
             against
             the
             Roman-Catholics
             particularly
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             FIRST
             ,
             that
             his
             Majesty
             having
             profess'd
             himself
             of
             the
             Roman-Catholic
             Perswasion
             ,
             it
             is
             but
             a
             just
             expectation
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             those
             of
             his
             own
             Profession
             ,
             but
             in
             all
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             he
             should
             procure
             a
             Legal
             Freedom
             of
             Exercise
             for
             that
             Religion
             ;
             which
             should
             he
             be
             unable
             to
             effect
             with
             the
             Consent
             of
             his
             People
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             it
             would
             much
             obscure
             and
             eclipse
             the
             Glory
             of
             his
             Character
             abroad
             ,
             it
             being
             impossible
             that
             he
             should
             appear
             as
             a
             King
             of
             Great
             Figure
             to
             the
             World
             abroad
             ,
             if
             he
             shall
             appear
             to
             make
             (
             as
             then
             he
             will
             )
             but
             a
             little
             one
             at
             home
             :
             Whereas
             it
             is
             for
             the
             Interest
             and
             Safety
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             for
             the
             Honor
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             should
             make
             as
             Great
             ,
             and
             as
             Illustrious
             a
             Figure
             abroad
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             seeing
             the
             Strength
             and
             Power
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             (
             the
             Reputation
             of
             which
             is
             its
             Safety
             )
             appears
             not
             to
             the
             World
             but
             in
             the
             Greatness
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             in
             His
             Power
             with
             His
             People
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             A
             Continuation
             of
             the
             Penal
             Laws
             against
             Roman-Catholics
             ,
             when
             the
             King
             professes
             Himself
             to
             be
             One
             ,
             must
             needs
             have
             a
             particular
             Ill
             Reflection
             upon
             Him
             even
             in
             other
             Respects
             .
             For
             who
             can
             think
             or
             say
             of
             Catholics
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             so
             Criminal
             and
             Ill
             a
             sort
             of
             Men
             ,
             and
             of
             Principles
             so
             very
             Bad
             ,
             that
             the
             utmost
             Severity
             against
             them
             is
             but
             little
             enough
             ;
             but
             withal
             he
             must
             abate
             of
             Regard
             and
             Veneration
             for
             the
             King
             ,
             who
             acknowledges
             Himself
             a
             Roman-Catholic
             ?
             which
             how
             it
             can
             consist
             with
             that
             Proportion
             of
             Duty
             ,
             Love
             ,
             and
             Allegiance
             that
             we
             owe
             unto
             Him
             as
             our
             Sovereign
             Lord
             ,
             is
             too
             hard
             a
             Point
             for
             me
             to
             conceive
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             I
             am
             very
             confident
             ,
             that
             many
             Examples
             (
             if
             any
             )
             can't
             be
             given
             in
             All
             History
             ,
             of
             Governments
             in
             which
             the
             Prince
             was
             of
             a
             Religion
             ,
             the
             Exercise
             whereof
             Himself
             did
             punish
             in
             His
             Subjects
             ,
             by
             His
             Laws
             and
             Judges
             ;
             and
             indeed
             it
             cannot
             be
             
             but
             a
             Solecism
             in
             State
             to
             admit
             it
             .
             For
             ,
             that
             a
             King
             should
             punish
             in
             others
             ,
             what
             yet
             He
             publicly
             avows
             and
             owns
             and
             approves
             in
             Himself
             ,
             is
             very
             odd
             ,
             and
             a
             Self-condemnation
             .
             I
             know
             the
             Case
             of
             Sigismond
             the
             Third
             ,
             King
             of
             Poland
             and
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ;
             but
             I
             suppose
             it
             will
             not
             be
             urg'd
             as
             an
             Instance
             against
             me
             .
          
        
         
           
             Prudential
             Reasons
             for
             Tolerating
             other
             Recusants
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             ,
             and
             together
             with
             ,
             the
             Roman-Catholics
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             NOt
             to
             give
             a
             Toleration
             and
             Indulgence
             unto
             Protestant
             Recusants
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             given
             to
             Roman-Catholics
             (
             if
             at
             any
             time
             it
             shall
             be
             given
             )
             ,
             would
             make
             the
             Toleration
             of
             These
             ,
             how
             Just
             soever
             ,
             to
             become
             Invidious
             ,
             and
             a
             Subject
             of
             Clamor
             and
             general
             Scandal
             ,
             and
             so
             a
             Matter
             of
             Disquiet
             and
             Trouble
             to
             the
             Government
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Ay!
             And
             the
             Roman-Catholics
             cannot
             hope
             to
             hold
             and
             enjoy
             a
             Toleration
             that
             should
             be
             giv'n
             them
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             if
             other
             Recusants
             be
             not
             also
             joyn'd
             with
             them
             therein
             ,
             longer
             than
             they
             may
             be
             sure
             of
             a
             Toleration
             without
             such
             an
             Act
             ,
             only
             by
             the
             Royal
             Prerogative
             and
             Clemency
             :
             Whereas
             if
             the
             Toleration
             is
             General
             ,
             and
             All
             Recusants
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             Protestant
             as
             Roman-Catholic
             ,
             equally
             comprehended
             in
             the
             Grant
             thereof
             ,
             in
             one
             Act
             ,
             and
             upon
             one
             Bottom
             ,
             a
             Consideration
             of
             the
             Quality
             ,
             the
             Number
             ,
             and
             the
             Interests
             of
             the
             Parties
             so
             joyn'd
             together
             in
             the
             Liberty
             ,
             will
             secure
             the
             Possession
             of
             it
             in
             Future
             :
             For
             ,
             then
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             be
             Wisdom
             to
             go
             about
             to
             disturb
             it
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Trade
             is
             the
             Interest
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             the
             Interest
             of
             Trade
             ;
             it
             being
             beyond
             Dispute
             to
             all
             considering
             Men
             ,
             that
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             Industrious
             Trading
             Part
             of
             the
             Nation
             are
             either
             themselves
             Dissenters
             ,
             or
             Favourers
             
             of
             those
             that
             are
             (
             such
             .
             )
             And
             it
             is
             as
             evident
             ,
             that
             Trade
             ,
             which
             ,
             before
             ,
             lay
             ev'n
             gasping
             for
             Life
             ,
             since
             His
             Majesties
             Gracious
             Intentions
             are
             known
             to
             lean
             towards
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             ,
             and
             that
             He
             has
             Extended
             His
             Dispensations
             from
             the
             Penal
             Laws
             in
             Matters
             of
             Religion
             ,
             is
             Recover'd
             to
             a
             wonder
             ,
             and
             grown
             Brisk
             and
             Quick
             ,
             and
             that
             too
             so
             much
             to
             general
             satisfaction
             ,
             that
             we
             hear
             no
             more
             Now
             ,
             as
             Before
             ,
             the
             Idle
             Stories
             of
             Prophecies
             ,
             Prodigies
             ,
             Complaints
             ,
             and
             Murmurs
             ,
             (
             those
             certain
             Symptoms
             of
             a
             Diseas'd
             and
             Crazy
             State
             )
             but
             All
             is
             Quiet
             and
             Still
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             It
             is
             for
             the
             Interest
             of
             those
             that
             do
             Profess
             themselves
             the
             true
             Sons
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             as
             by
             Law
             establish'd
             ,
             if
             really
             they
             are
             Lovers
             of
             the
             Reformation
             ,
             more
             than
             of
             their
             Passions
             and
             Humors
             ,
             that
             All
             Recusants
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             Protestant
             as
             the
             Roman-Catholic
             ,
             should
             be
             Equal
             Sharers
             in
             the
             Grant
             of
             Liberty
             ,
             if
             any
             is
             made
             .
             For
             seeing
             it
             is
             impossible
             that
             these
             two
             should
             agree
             but
             in
             things
             in
             which
             their
             Interest
             joyns
             them
             ,
             and
             as
             impossible
             that
             it
             should
             be
             the
             Interest
             of
             either
             one
             of
             these
             (
             any
             more
             than
             it
             can
             be
             the
             Kingdoms
             )
             to
             suffer
             the
             other
             to
             get
             uppermost
             ,
             one
             of
             them
             will
             always
             Ballance
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             consequently
             both
             must
             be
             contented
             with
             Liberty
             ,
             without
             aspiring
             to
             Power
             and
             Rule
             .
             And
             thus
             the
             Church
             will
             always
             remain
             undisturbed
             as
             well
             as
             the
             State.
             
          
           
             5.
             
             But
             if
             the
             
               Church
               of
               England
            
             will
             have
             security
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             the
             Establishment
             they
             have
             ,
             or
             may
             have
             ,
             by
             Law
             ,
             upon
             their
             own
             Bottom
             ,
             without
             the
             Assistance
             of
             Ballancing
             and
             Policy
             to
             support
             it
             ,
             they
             must
             resolve
             to
             enlarge
             that
             Bottom
             ,
             (
             which
             indeed
             is
             their
             true
             Interest
             )
             by
             parting
             with
             things
             to
             them
             indifferent
             ,
             but
             not
             indifferent
             to
             others
             .
             For
             if
             some
             Men
             resolve
             to
             be
             always
             stiff
             and
             inflexible
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             condescend
             in
             the
             least
             to
             any
             Abatements
             ,
             for
             the
             Love
             of
             Peace
             and
             of
             Unity
             ,
             one
             may
             adventure
             to
             foretel
             ,
             without
             pretending
             to
             Prophecy
             ,
             that
             sooner
             or
             later
             ,
             they
             will
             find
             themselves
             in
             his
             Folly
             ,
             who
             rather
             than
             cast
             the
             worst
             of
             the
             Loading
             Over-board
             to
             save
             the
             Ship
             ,
             will
             sink
             with
             it
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             To
             conclude
             ,
             It
             is
             certainly
             for
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             Royal
             Family
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             for
             the
             Kingdoms
             Interest
             ,
             that
             such
             a
             Settlement
             should
             be
             well
             deliberated
             ,
             and
             be
             surely
             establish'd
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Business
             of
             Religion
             ;
             that
             whether
             the
             Crown
             hereafter
             
             shall
             descend
             on
             the
             Head
             of
             a
             Roman-Catholic
             ,
             or
             of
             a
             Protestant
             ,
             (
             for
             it
             may
             again
             (
             as
             has
             already
             )
             sometimes
             descend
             upon
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             upon
             the
             other
             )
             that
             That
             Descent
             should
             make
             no
             Change
             and
             Alteration
             in
             the
             Law
             ,
             or
             the
             State
             of
             Things
             in
             the
             Government
             .
             Preventive
             Wisdom
             is
             the
             best
             Wisdom
             ;
             and
             such
             a
             Settlement
             will
             Prevent
             Convulsions
             and
             Difficulties
             ,
             which
             (
             else
             )
             on
             every
             Demise
             of
             the
             Crown
             ,
             the
             State
             will
             be
             subject
             unto
             .
          
           
             But
             such
             a
             Settlement
             ,
             I
             doubt
             ,
             can
             never
             be
             effected
             without
             Resolving
             that
             the
             Religion
             already
             Establish'd
             ,
             shall
             be
             the
             Religion
             of
             the
             State
             ;
             and
             that
             those
             who
             dissent
             from
             it
             ,
             shall
             yet
             have
             Toleration
             and
             Indulgence
             ,
             but
             under
             due
             Regulations
             and
             Qualifications
             .
             For
             my
             own
             part
             ,
             I
             admire
             the
             World
             is
             so
             fond
             of
             Uniformity
             in
             the
             Externals
             of
             Religion
             ,
             that
             in
             most
             things
             else
             prefers
             Convenience
             before
             It.
             The
             World
             it self
             is
             Elemented
             of
             Contraries
             ,
             diversly
             proportion'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Variety
             in
             it
             ,
             is
             ,
             of
             the
             Being
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             Beauty
             and
             the
             Ornament
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .