







 
   
     
       
         Geologia Norvegica, or, A brief instructive remembrancer concerning that very great and spacious earthquake, which hapned [sic] almost quite through the south parts of Norvvay upon the 24th day of April, in the year 1657 also physical, historical, and theological grounds and reasons concerning the causes and significations of earthquakes / written in the Danish tongue by Michael Peterson Escholt ... ; and Englished by Daniel Collins.
         Geologia Norvegica. English
         Escholt, Michel Pedersøn, d. 1666.
      
       
         
           1663
        
      
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             Geologia Norvegica, or, A brief instructive remembrancer concerning that very great and spacious earthquake, which hapned [sic] almost quite through the south parts of Norvvay upon the 24th day of April, in the year 1657 also physical, historical, and theological grounds and reasons concerning the causes and significations of earthquakes / written in the Danish tongue by Michael Peterson Escholt ... ; and Englished by Daniel Collins.
             Geologia Norvegica. English
             Escholt, Michel Pedersøn, d. 1666.
             Collins, Daniel, 17th cent.
          
           [14], 93 p.
           
             Printed by J.H. for S. Thomson ...,
             London :
             1663.
          
           
             Translation of: Geologia Norvegica.
             Errata on p. 93.
             Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Earthquakes -- Norway.
        
      
    
     
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           Imprimatur
           ,
        
         
           
             Dan.
             Nicols
             
               R.
               P.
               D.
            
             Arch.
             Cant
             Capel
             .
             Domesticus
             .
          
           
             Ex
             aedibus
             Lambethanis
             ,
             
               Martij
               21
               
                 o
              
               1662
               /
               3.
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           
             Geologia
             Norvegica
             .
          
           Or
           ,
           a
           brief
           instructive
           REMEMBRANCER
           ,
           Concerning
           that
           very
           great
           and
           spacious
           
             EARTHQUAKE
             ,
          
           Which
           hapned
           almost
           quite
           through
           the
           
             South
          
           parts
           of
           NORVVAY
           :
           Upon
           the
           
             24
             
               th
               .
            
          
           day
           of
           
             April
             ,
          
           in
           the
           year
           1657.
           
        
         
           Also
           
             Physical
             ,
             Historical
             ,
          
           and
           
             Theological
          
           Grounds
           and
           Reasons
           concerning
           the
           causes
           and
           significations
           of
           
             EARTHQUAKES
             .
          
        
         
           WRITTEN
           In
           the
           
             Danish
          
           Tongue
           ,
           by
           
             Michael
             Peterson
             Escholt
             ,
          
           sometimes
           Minister
           of
           
             Ackers-house
             Castle
          
           in
           
             Norway
             .
          
        
         
           And
           Englished
           by
           
             DANIEL
             COLLINS
             .
          
        
         
           London
           ,
           
             Printed
             by
          
           J.
           H.
           
             for
          
           S.
           Thomson
           
             at
             the
          
           Bishops-head
           
             in
             St.
          
           Pauls
           Churchyard
           .
           1663.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               MVNIFICENTIA
               REGIA
               .
               1715.
               
            
             
               
                 GEORGIVS
                 D.
                 G.
                 MAG
                 .
                 BR
                 .
                 FR.
                 ET
                 HIB
                 .
                 REX
                 F.
                 D.
                 
              
               portrait of Geroge I
            
             blazon of Cambridge University Library
          
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           worthy
           Company
           of
           Merchants
           Trading
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Norway
           .
           D.
           C.
           wisheth
           much
           happiness
           .
        
         
           
             Honoured
             Friends
             ,
          
        
         
           THis
           small
           ensuing
           Treatise
           falling
           into
           my
           hands
           in
           
             Norway
          
           some
           time
           since
           ,
           after
           a
           serious
           perusal
           ,
           I
           thought
           it
           not
           amisse
           to
           spend
           a
           little
           time
           in
           the
           translation
           thereof
           :
           and
           as
           an
           acknowledgement
           of
           the
           civilities
           you
           have
           been
           pleased
           to
           shew
           
           me
           :
           do
           offer
           it
           to
           your
           acceptation
           ;
           knowing
           ,
           that
           as
           your
           abilities
           can
           judge
           of
           my
           endeavour
           to
           do
           the
           Author
           no
           injury
           ,
           in
           rendring
           his
           sense
           ;
           so
           your
           ingenuity
           and
           Candor
           will
           excuse
           such
           failings
           ,
           as
           herein
           possibly
           you
           may
           observe
           to
           have
           escaped
           him
           who
           is
        
         
           
             Yours
             to
             be
             commanded
             DAN
             .
             COLLINS
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           ALthough
           the
           publication
           of
           this
           little
           Translation
           ,
           may
           seem
           superfluous
           unto
           many
           :
           whose
           knowledge
           gained
           by
           their
           study
           of
           ,
           and
           search
           into
           ,
           the
           wonderful
           works
           of
           God
           and
           nature
           ,
           may
           very
           well
           make
           it
           so
           to
           them
           :
           yet
           I
           am
           apt
           to
           beleeve
           that
           others
           (
           not
           so
           learned
           )
           may
           receive
           some
           satisfaction
           hereby
           .
           It
           having
           been
           originally
           written
           in
           the
           
             Danish
          
           tongue
           by
           a
           Divine
           of
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           reputed
           eminent
           for
           his
           Piety
           and
           parts
           ,
           (
           upon
           an
           occasion
           of
           the
           proper
           subject
           whereof
           it
           discourseth
           ,
           which
           I
           think
           is
           not
           very
           common
           ,
           as
           having
           not
           seen
           the
           like
           ,
           yet
           resembling
           a
           little
           the
           cause
           of
           its
           being
           
             Englished
             )
          
           and
           was
           well
           accepted
           of
           by
           the
           people
           there
           ;
           I
           doubt
           not
           but
           it
           may
           find
           indifferent
           ,
           if
           not
           the
           like
           entertainment
           here
           ;
           however
           
           if
           any
           benefit
           do
           accrue
           unto
           any
           hereby
           ,
           my
           pains
           will
           be
           recompensed
           .
           The
           judicious
           Reader
           is
           desired
           to
           understand
           it
           in
           the
           best
           sense
           it
           containeth
           ;
           in
           case
           the
           relish
           of
           the
           
             Danish
          
           dialect
           should
           any
           where
           make
           it
           ingrate
           to
           the
           sincerer
           pallate
           of
           his
           judgement
           ,
           or
           the
           Historical
           part
           thereof
           ,
           should
           seem
           to
           Hyperbolize
           .
           In
           confidence
           of
           which
           favour
           it
           is
           left
           to
           his
           mild
           censure
           ,
        
         
           
             By
             the
             Cordial
             wisher
             of
             his
             welfare
             ,
             DAN
             .
             COLLINS
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Preface
           .
        
         
           FOr
           the
           right
           and
           more
           perfect
           understanding
           of
           this
           speculative
           Discourse
           concerning
           Earthquakes
           ,
           the
           Reader
           may
           have
           especial
           respect
           unto
           it
           under
           these
           following
           Heads
           or
           particulars
           ,
           
             viz.
             
          
        
         
           
             1.
             
             The
             Qualities
             and
             Properties
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             its
             wonderfull
             ,
             yet
             natural
             operations
             within
             it self
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Fire
             which
             is
             found
             to
             be
             below
             in
             the
             Earth
             ,
             its
             wonderfull
             nature
             ,
             and
             powerfull
             effects
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             several
             Minerals
             ,
             Mettals
             ,
             and
             Substances
             in
             and
             under
             the
             Earth
             ,
             and
             how
             they
             are
             wrought
             and
             changed
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Air
             and
             Wind
             which
             is
             inclosed
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             how
             it
             doth
             
             occasion
             great
             and
             terrible
             Earthquakes
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             Physical
             Description
             of
             Earthquakes
             ,
             with
             their
             Species
             ,
             Operation
             ,
             and
             Natural
             Effects
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Historical
             Relations
             ,
             what
             by
             Experience
             hath
             been
             commonly
             observed
             to
             follow
             after
             such
             great
             and
             remarkable
             Earthquakes
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             A
             Theological
             Conclusion
             and
             Instruction
             out
             of
             the
             Holy
             and
             Infallible
             Word
             of
             God
             ,
             what
             Earthquakes
             do
             signifie
             and
             teach
             unto
             us
             .
          
        
         
           Unto
           the
           Consideration
           of
           all
           which
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           common
           Benefit
           of
           others
           ,
           I
           was
           moved
           to
           compose
           this
           little
           
             Memorandum
             ,
          
           by
           occasion
           of
           that
           very
           remarkeable
           and
           spatious
           Earthquake
           which
           happened
           in
           the
           South
           parts
           of
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           the
           24th
           .
           of
           
             April
             ,
          
           in
           this
           present
           Year
           1657.
           about
           a
           quarter
           of
           an
           hour
           before
           12
           a
           Clock
           at
           Noon
           ,
           when
           the
           Sun
           was
           in
           the
           15th
           .
           Degree
           of
           
             Taurus
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Moon
           above
           the
           Earth
           in
           the
           first
           Degree
           of
           
             Aquarius
             ,
          
           
           and
           the
           same
           day
           hapned
           also
           the
           Planetary
           Aspect
           ,
           
             Quadratus
             Saturni
             &
             Veneris
             ,
          
           and
           the
           following
           night
           ,
           about
           3
           or
           4
           a
           Clock
           in
           the
           Morning
           another
           particular
           Earthquake
           began
           afresh
           ,
           but
           was
           not
           so
           great
           as
           the
           former
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           Earthquake
           which
           began
           in
           the
           day
           ,
           I
           have
           true
           and
           certain
           Intelligence
           ,
           That
           it
           stretched
           North
           and
           South
           ,
           from
           
             Oasterdale
             ,
             Sollewer
             ,
             Totten
             Wallyers
             ,
             Ringer
             Rick
             ,
          
           the
           upper
           and
           lower
           
             Rummerick
             ,
          
           down
           all
           along
           the
           Land
           ,
           and
           through
           all
           
             Weeken
             ,
          
           almost
           to
           
             Bawhouse
             ,
          
           above
           160
           Miles
           in
           Length
           .
        
         
           And
           also
           from
           the
           Borders
           of
           
             Sweden
          
           that
           lie
           Eastward
           of
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           thwart
           over
           all
           the
           Land
           Westward
           as
           far
           as
           
             Lindesnesse
             ,
          
           being
           about
           40
           Miles
           more
           ,
           and
           it
           carried
           such
           a
           noise
           and
           sound
           along
           with
           it
           ,
           that
           the
           people
           at
           first
           knew
           not
           but
           it
           was
           the
           noise
           of
           Thunder
           ,
           until
           they
           perceived
           the
           Houses
           shook
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           Moveables
           ,
           as
           Beds
           ,
           Tables
           ,
           and
           Benches
           ,
           to
           totter
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           dance
           with
           shaking
           .
           
           As
           yet
           ,
           I
           have
           not
           had
           a
           further
           Relation
           concerning
           it
           ,
           but
           possibly
           it
           might
           have
           stretcht
           ▪
           it self
           much
           farther
           both
           in
           breadth
           and
           length
           .
           Now
           this
           Earthquake
           was
           so
           strong
           and
           powerful
           ,
           that
           it
           shook
           the
           very
           Islands
           in
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           and
           small
           Rocks
           in
           the
           fresh
           Lakes
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           very
           great
           concussion
           and
           trembling
           did
           much
           amaze
           and
           terrifie
           those
           that
           were
           upon
           the
           water
           ,
           and
           was
           more
           especially
           seen
           by
           such
           as
           were
           upon
           the
           great
           
             English
          
           and
           
             Hollands
          
           Ships
           ,
           then
           here
           ,
           as
           also
           upon
           other
           Vessels
           ,
           Hoyes
           and
           small
           Boats.
           Yet
           it
           hath
           not
           done
           any
           remarkeable
           harm
           (
           that
           is
           yet
           known
           )
           any
           where
           in
           the
           Countrey
           ;
           either
           to
           Houses
           ,
           Walls
           ,
           or
           other
           Buildings
           ,
           for
           which
           we
           ought
           to
           be
           very
           thankful
           to
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           receive
           it
           as
           an
           especial
           Token
           of
           his
           Grace
           and
           Mercy
           ,
           as
           not
           signifying
           unto
           our
           Countrey
           too
           very
           great
           Calamity
           or
           Destruction
           .
        
         
           But
           nevertheless
           in
           regard
           that
           this
           same
           Earthquake
           was
           of
           such
           a
           length
           and
           breadth
           ,
           namely
           160
           miles
           in
           length
           ,
           and
           
           as
           much
           in
           breadth
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Nature
           of
           all
           those
           Earthquakes
           that
           I
           ever
           read
           of
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           but
           that
           it
           doth
           fignifie
           some
           especial
           and
           remarkable
           Change
           and
           Alteration
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           puts
           me
           in
           mind
           of
           what
           the
           ancient
           Historiographer
           
             Herodotus
          
           hath
           recorded
           in
           his
           
             Lib.
          
           6.
           
           That
           when
           any
           remarkable
           change
           or
           common
           calamity
           approaches
           ,
           or
           is
           impendent
           over
           any
           Land
           ,
           or
           people
           ,
           it
           is
           commonly
           made
           plainly
           known
           by
           some
           such
           unusual
           preceding
           Signes
           and
           Tokens
           .
           And
           this
           may
           be
           more
           clearly
           verified
           by
           Examples
           out
           of
           the
           Scriptures
           ;
           for
           before
           the
           
             Canaanites
          
           and
           their
           bordering
           Neighbours
           were
           subdued
           and
           expelled
           by
           
             Joshua
          
           and
           the
           
             Israelites
             ,
          
           this
           strange
           Sign
           was
           seen
           ,
           That
           the
           water
           of
           
             Jordan
          
           contrary
           to
           its
           nature
           ,
           stood
           still
           above
           ,
           and
           ran
           out
           below
           ,
           and
           gave
           the
           
             Israelites
          
           a
           free
           passage
           through
           upon
           dry
           ground
           ,
           
             Josh
             .
          
           3.
           16.
           
        
         
           And
           likewise
           before
           the
           5
           Kings
           of
           the
           
             Amorites
          
           were
           conquered
           ,
           and
           their
           Countrey
           possest
           by
           the
           People
           of
           
             Israel
             ,
          
           the
           
           Sun
           and
           the
           Moon
           stood
           still
           each
           in
           his
           Celestial
           station
           ,
           about
           the
           space
           of
           
             a
             whole
             Day
             ,
             and
             a
             Night
             ,
          
           Josh
           .
           10.
           13.
           
           Also
           before
           the
           
             Moabites
          
           were
           subdued
           by
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             Judah
          
           and
           
             Israel
             ,
          
           the
           
             Moabites
          
           Water
           was
           turned
           into
           bloud
           ,
           2
           
             Kin.
          
           3.
           22.
           
           I
           will
           not
           now
           speak
           of
           the
           many
           Signs
           and
           Tokens
           that
           preceded
           the
           Desolation
           and
           Destruction
           of
           the
           hardned
           
             Egyptians
             ,
          
           and
           
             Jerusalem
             ,
          
           because
           it
           would
           be
           too
           tedious
           to
           recite
           here
           :
           But
           I
           do
           averre
           ,
           that
           when
           such
           unusual
           signs
           and
           tokens
           do
           happen
           ,
           especially
           when
           such
           a
           Mountanous
           and
           Rocky
           Land
           ,
           
           even
           from
           its
           Foundation
           upwards
           ,
           with
           its
           Seas
           ,
           Streams
           ,
           and
           Rivers
           ,
           shall
           for
           the
           space
           of
           so
           many
           Miles
           together
           ,
           tremble
           and
           quake
           ,
           we
           ought
           not
           in
           any
           case
           to
           slight
           ,
           or
           think
           lightly
           of
           it
           Wherefore
           without
           any
           longer
           Delay
           ,
           I
           will
           now
           enter
           upon
           my
           proposed
           Discourse
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           I.
           
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           Qualities
           and
           Properties
           of
           the
           Earth
           ;
           its
           wonderfull
           ,
           yet
           natural
           ,
           operations
           within
           it self
           .
        
         
           WHen
           we
           seriously
           weigh
           and
           consider
           the
           inward
           and
           outward
           nature
           and
           properties
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           God
           Almighty
           hath
           given
           unto
           it
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           not
           only
           that
           we
           should
           have
           our
           being
           and
           habitation
           upon
           it
           ,
           but
           also
           receive
           our
           natural
           lives
           support
           and
           maintenance
           from
           it
           :
           Then
           we
           may
           very
           well
           say
           with
           great
           Joy
           and
           Admiration
           ,
           as
           the
           Kingly
           Prophet
           
             David
          
           did
           in
           
             Psalm
             8.
             
             O
             Lord
             our
             Lord
             ,
             how
             wonderful
             and
             glorious
             is
             thy
             name
             in
             all
             the
             earth
             .
          
           
           For
           we
           do
           in
           truth
           experimentally
           find
           ,
           That
           the
           earth
           is
           in
           every
           kind
           like
           unto
           a
           loving
           and
           serviceable
           Mother
           ,
           or
           Nurse
           unto
           us
           ,
           and
           therefore
           is
           justly
           termed
           by
           that
           great
           Teacher
           of
           the
           
             Oeconomicks
             ,
          
           namely
           
             Sirach
             ,
             The
             Mother
             of
             us
             all
             ,
          
           Chap.
           40.
           
             v.
          
           1.
           
        
         
           For
           when
           we
           are
           born
           into
           the
           world
           ,
           the
           Earth
           entertaines
           us
           ,
           and
           as
           long
           as
           we
           live
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           by
           her
           plenty
           and
           liberality
           she
           nourishes
           and
           sustaines
           us
           ,
           and
           finally
           ,
           when
           we
           shall
           at
           last
           depart
           from
           hence
           again
           ,
           she
           like
           a
           tender
           Mother
           ,
           receives
           us
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           into
           her
           Bosom
           ,
           or
           Lap
           ,
           and
           preserves
           us
           from
           all
           that
           evil
           whereof
           this
           world
           is
           full
           ,
           and
           lets
           us
           rest
           within
           her self
           in
           peace
           ,
           until
           the
           last
           day
           ;
           when
           she
           shall
           make
           such
           perfect
           restitution
           of
           us
           again
           ,
           that
           she
           shall
           not
           suffer
           the
           least
           Joynt
           or
           Member
           of
           us
           ,
           to
           be
           lost
           or
           perish
           ;
           no
           not
           a
           hair
           ,
           or
           one
           drop
           of
           Bloud
           ,
           wherewith
           
             Job
          
           comforteth
           himself
           in
           his
           great
           misery
           ,
           in
           the
           19th
           .
           Chap.
           of
           the
           Book
           of
           his
           Patience
           ,
           
             V.
          
           27.
           
        
         
         
           And
           besides
           this
           ,
           we
           can
           never
           sufficiently
           conceive
           and
           apprehend
           what
           rich
           Treasure
           and
           precious
           Jewels
           the
           Earth
           retaineth
           within
           it self
           ,
           partly
           hidden
           ,
           and
           partly
           discoverable
           ,
           some
           whereof
           she
           yearly
           distributeth
           to
           her
           Inhabitants
           .
           None
           of
           the
           four
           Elements
           is
           more
           constantly
           near
           us
           ,
           or
           a
           more
           faithful
           ,
           and
           continual
           Assistant
           unto
           us
           then
           the
           Earth
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           Elements
           of
           Water
           and
           Ayr
           do
           often
           much
           damnifie
           and
           endanger
           us
           ;
           the
           Element
           Fire
           is
           too
           high
           for
           us
           ,
           or
           else
           might
           do
           us
           good
           by
           its
           warmth
           and
           operation
           ,
           yet
           sometimes
           by
           Thunder
           and
           Lightning
           doth
           sufficiently
           affright
           and
           hurt
           us
           .
           But
           the
           element
           of
           Earth
           only
           ,
           as
           a
           faithful
           Nursing
           Mother
           ,
           never
           forsakes
           us
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           the
           world
           endures
           ,
           but
           without
           cessation
           doth
           constantly
           assist
           us
           in
           Life
           and
           Death
           ,
           in
           Prosperity
           and
           Adversity
           ,
           so
           that
           we
           are
           never
           forsaken
           of
           her
           in
           this
           World
           ,
           no
           not
           after
           Death
           .
        
         
           And
           who
           can
           sufficiently
           conceive
           or
           
           express
           the
           wonderful
           Operations
           and
           Labours
           which
           the
           Earth
           yearly
           undergoes
           and
           performes
           ,
           night
           and
           day
           for
           our
           sakes
           ?
           She
           hath
           never
           any
           rest
           ,
           neither
           outwardly
           nor
           inwardly
           .
           Outwardly
           she
           produces
           and
           provides
           grass
           and
           Hay
           for
           those
           Creatures
           which
           are
           appointed
           by
           God
           to
           cloath
           and
           feed
           us
           ;
           and
           also
           several
           fruitful
           Trees
           ,
           each
           according
           to
           his
           kind
           ,
           in
           great
           numbers
           :
           Likewise
           divers
           sorts
           of
           Herbs
           ,
           as
           well
           for
           our
           delight
           ,
           as
           Food
           ,
           Physick
           ,
           and
           preservation
           of
           our
           healths
           .
           Besides
           great
           variety
           of
           Corn
           ,
           as
           wheat
           ,
           Rie
           ,
           Barley
           ,
           Pease
           ,
           Oates
           ,
           and
           divers
           other
           sorts
           of
           Grain
           ,
           which
           afford
           us
           necessary
           Maintenance
           and
           Subsistence
           .
        
         
           Inwardly
           she
           workes
           and
           produces
           for
           us
           many
           kinds
           of
           Minerals
           ,
           Metals
           ,
           and
           precious
           Stones
           ,
           which
           those
           that
           labour
           in
           the
           Mines
           know
           well
           how
           such
           her
           Treasure
           to
           search
           for
           ,
           find
           ,
           and
           get
           ,
           out
           of
           the
           depth
           of
           her
           Bowels
           ,
           and
           bring
           them
           to
           light
           and
           use
           .
           So
           that
           we
           may
           sufficiently
           see
           and
           observe
           
           that
           God
           Almighty
           hath
           his
           especial
           
             Laboratorium
             ,
          
           or
           Work-house
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           deepest
           and
           most
           bottomless
           places
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           cause
           wholsom
           waters
           ,
           warm
           Baths
           ,
           Springs
           and
           Rivers
           to
           arise
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           make
           and
           produce
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Tin
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           Brass
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           And
           Multitudes
           of
           precious
           Stones
           .
        
         
           But
           now
           ,
           when
           this
           
             Laboratorium
          
           or
           Work-house
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           with
           all
           its
           Treasure
           and
           Glory
           ,
           shall
           quake
           ,
           tremble
           and
           shake
           ,
           contrary
           to
           its
           Creators
           solid
           fixation
           ,
           
             Psal
             .
          
           89.
           11.
           
           &
           
             2
             Pet.
             Ch.
             3.
             v.
          
           5.
           
           Then
           certainly
           there
           must
           be
           something
           out
           of
           order
           somewhere
           ,
           that
           doth
           signifie
           some
           especial
           and
           unusual
           thing
           .
        
         
           Moreover
           touching
           such
           things
           as
           Nature
           doth
           so
           work
           and
           produce
           in
           the
           innermost
           parts
           and
           bowels
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           they
           do
           partly
           shew
           themselves
           openly
           above
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           do
           often
           break
           out
           both
           to
           the
           greatest
           admiration
           ,
           and
           terrour
           of
           men
           :
           Such
           are
           
           Meteors
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           Fogs
           ,
           Mists
           ,
           bright
           burning
           Damps
           ,
           like
           a
           flame
           that
           flies
           about
           ,
           which
           the
           Vulgar
           in
           
             Denmarke
          
           call
           the
           
             Lanthorn-man
             ,
          
           and
           also
           Rings
           about
           the
           Sun
           and
           Moon
           ,
           and
           a
           certain
           moveable
           Light
           in
           the
           Heavens
           ,
           which
           often
           shewes
           like
           Souldiers
           fighting
           ,
           Ships
           sayling
           ,
           two
           or
           three
           Sunnes
           together
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ;
           All
           which
           is
           caused
           partly
           by
           only
           earthish
           ,
           and
           partly
           by
           earthish
           and
           waterish
           Mixtures
           and
           Damps
           together
           ,
           proceeding
           from
           the
           wonderful
           workings
           of
           Nature
           within
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           we
           may
           be
           assured
           of
           ,
           that
           there
           happens
           no
           such
           admirable
           and
           powerful
           effects
           of
           Nature
           above
           the
           Earth
           ,
           but
           that
           there
           is
           far
           greater
           ,
           and
           more
           wonderful
           operations
           below
           and
           within
           the
           earth
           ,
           by
           the
           various
           workings
           and
           Concoctions
           of
           Nature
           ,
           partly
           by
           subterraneous
           water
           ,
           and
           partly
           by
           subterraneous
           fire
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           ,
           you
           shall
           have
           better
           Information
           
           in
           the
           Second
           and
           Fourth
           Chapters
           ,
           how
           they
           may
           be
           the
           Cause
           of
           Great
           Earthquakes
           ;
           but
           we
           must
           speak
           somthing
           here
           concerning
           the
           subterraneous
           Fire
           ,
           which
           doth
           also
           cause
           great
           motion
           and
           powerful
           stirrings
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           doth
           often
           help
           to
           the
           production
           of
           Earthquakes
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           handled
           in
           the
           Following
           Chapter
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           II.
           
        
         
           Concerning
           Fire
           which
           is
           found
           to
           be
           below
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           its
           wonderful
           Nature
           and
           powerful
           Effects
           .
        
         
           THe
           Learned
           and
           wise
           Searchers
           and
           Inspectors
           into
           Nature
           deny
           not
           ,
           but
           that
           such
           substances
           ,
           as
           the
           waters
           in
           the
           innermost
           parts
           of
           the
           Earth
           have
           their
           course
           through
           ,
           and
           do
           cover
           ,
           steep
           and
           soak
           ,
           do
           give
           the
           same
           waters
           
           several
           and
           distinct
           vertues
           ,
           smels
           ,
           qualities
           ,
           tasts
           ,
           and
           colours
           .
           As
           for
           example
           ;
           The
           water
           that
           runs
           through
           ,
           steeps
           ,
           soakes
           ,
           or
           covers
           Brimstony
           or
           Victrillish
           earth
           ,
           hath
           a
           far
           different
           nature
           ,
           vertue
           ,
           tast
           ,
           and
           colour
           ,
           from
           that
           which
           runs
           through
           Salt-Peterish
           ,
           Allomish
           ,
           or
           Limish
           earth
           ;
           but
           they
           will
           by
           no
           meanes
           grant
           that
           Brimstone
           Bitumen
           ,
           or
           other
           such
           stuffe
           which
           easily
           and
           suddenly
           takes
           fire
           above
           the
           Earth
           ,
           should
           so
           heat
           those
           seething
           hot
           Springs
           within
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           do
           arise
           in
           several
           places
           thereof
           ,
           because
           the
           fire
           is
           not
           after
           such
           a
           manner
           secretly
           contained
           and
           hidden
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           a
           Flint
           ,
           Steel
           ,
           or
           in
           
             Calce
             viva
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           unslak't
           Lime
           ;
           for
           assoon
           as
           the
           Flint
           and
           Steel
           is
           forcibly
           struck
           together
           ,
           they
           do
           presently
           produce
           apparent
           fire
           .
           And
           when
           water
           toucheth
           ,
           or
           is
           cast
           upon
           unslak't
           Lime
           ,
           it
           kindles
           it self
           ,
           and
           presently
           discovers
           the
           secret
           nature
           of
           the
           fire
           that
           is
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           so
           plainly
           ,
           that
           it
           will
           quickly
           set
           any
           thing
           
           a
           fire
           that
           will
           be
           kindled
           by
           fire
           .
        
         
           And
           therefore
           we
           must
           not
           think
           that
           either
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           or
           
             motus
             continui
             ,
          
           strong
           and
           perpetual
           motions
           ,
           which
           do
           otherwise
           occasion
           great
           heat
           here
           on
           earth
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           produces
           fire
           in
           Nature
           ,
           or
           the
           inward
           Warmth
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           substance
           which
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           have
           their
           course
           through
           within
           the
           earth
           ,
           can
           be
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           said
           waters
           being
           so
           boyling
           hot
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           the
           hot
           Bathes
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           other
           places
           of
           the
           Earth
           where
           it
           springs
           up
           ;
           but
           it
           must
           be
           the
           subterraneous
           fire
           it self
           ,
           to
           which
           it
           only
           and
           properly
           belongs
           
             in
             altissimo
             Caloris
             gradu
             ,
          
           to
           heat
           it
           in
           so
           high
           a
           degree
           .
           Which
           fire
           without
           doubt
           is
           kindled
           in
           several
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           when
           the
           subterraneous
           water
           forceth
           it self
           
             per
             subterraneos
             meatus
             ,
          
           or
           the
           subterraneous
           passages
           and
           pores
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           where
           
             Calx
             viva
             ,
          
           or
           other
           such
           kind
           of
           inflameable
           matter
           is
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           .
        
         
         
           And
           it
           is
           here
           to
           be
           observed
           ,
           That
           
             Bitumen
          
           (
           by
           us
           called
           
             Jewes
             Lime
             )
          
           will
           burn
           in
           the
           water
           ,
           without
           having
           any
           ayr
           ,
           but
           then
           it
           must
           first
           be
           set
           on
           fire
           above
           the
           water
           in
           the
           open
           Ayr
           ,
           and
           when
           it
           is
           kindled
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           quenched
           by
           water
           ,
           no
           more
           then
           burning
           Pitch
           or
           Tarre
           will
           ;
           but
           the
           more
           water
           is
           cast
           upon
           it
           ,
           the
           fiercer
           it
           burnes
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           also
           a
           Stone
           called
           
             Gagates
             ,
          
           that
           will
           burn
           vehemently
           in
           the
           water
           ;
           which
           
             Galen
          
           did
           so
           much
           admire
           ,
           that
           only
           to
           find
           and
           see
           it
           ,
           he
           sail'd
           with
           great
           danger
           of
           his
           Life
           round
           about
           
             Lycia
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           Brimstone
           is
           a
           substance
           found
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           which
           is
           easily
           kindled
           when
           it
           is
           above
           the
           Earth
           ,
           but
           it
           will
           not
           burn
           except
           it
           have
           Ayr
           ,
           whence
           it
           may
           readily
           be
           observed
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           Brimstone
           ,
           but
           
             Bitumen
             ,
          
           or
           
             Calx
             viva
             ,
          
           or
           some
           other
           substance
           yet
           unknown
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           thing
           that
           so
           burneth
           in
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           ,
           and
           from
           whence
           they
           receive
           such
           their
           extraordinary
           
           heat
           ,
           that
           in
           many
           places
           of
           the
           Earth
           they
           spring
           up
           so
           extream
           boyling
           hot
           ,
           that
           one
           may
           scald
           Swine
           ,
           Fowle
           ,
           or
           the
           like
           in
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           so
           suddainly
           ,
           that
           a
           man
           can
           scarce
           dip
           them
           into
           those
           warers
           before
           the
           hair
           and
           feathers
           come
           off
           :
           and
           if
           one
           hold
           them
           never
           so
           little
           in
           ,
           their
           very
           flesh
           will
           be
           boyled
           from
           the
           bones
           ,
           like
           some
           hot
           Springs
           in
           
             Island
             ,
          
           and
           in
           
             Germany
             :
          
           as
           
             Thermae
             ,
             Badenses
             ,
          
           and
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           sort
           of
           hot
           springs
           ,
           called
           in
           Latine
           
             Thermae
             ,
          
           and
           by
           us
           commonly
           called
           hot
           Baths
           ;
           There
           are
           enough
           to
           be
           found
           in
           several
           countreys
           and
           kingdoms
           ,
           but
           especially
           in
           
             Germany
             :
          
           as
           
             Leuker
             Bath
          
           in
           
             Wallissen
             Land
          
           by
           the
           Alpes
           of
           
             Poeninas
             ,
             Thermae
             ,
             Badensis
          
           in
           
             Hegoja
             ,
          
           the
           
             Wild
             Bath
          
           in
           the
           Land
           of
           
             Wittemberg
             ,
             Wiss-Bath
          
           in
           the
           Land
           of
           
             Hessen
             :
          
           one
           by
           
             Elbogen
          
           in
           
             Bohemia
             ,
          
           and
           another
           at
           
             Achan
          
           in
           
             Brabant
             .
          
           And
           that
           there
           is
           a
           great
           and
           dreadful
           fire
           in
           the
           innermost
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ;
           a
           man
           
           may
           apparently
           see
           and
           understand
           by
           those
           Mountains
           that
           do
           perpetually
           flame
           and
           burn
           without
           cessation
           ,
           giving
           a
           terrible
           prospect
           ,
           and
           yearly
           casting
           up
           vast
           quantities
           of
           Brimstone
           ,
           Pumistone
           ,
           and
           other
           burnt
           stuff
           like
           that
           of
           a
           Smiths
           Forge
           ,
           which
           the
           earth
           works
           and
           casts
           up
           of
           it selfe
           ,
           through
           such
           open
           
             hiatus
          
           or
           holes
           ,
           by
           the
           heat
           and
           force
           of
           the
           subterraneous
           fire
           ,
           where
           the
           said
           fire
           hath
           (
           as
           I
           may
           say
           )
           its
           breathing
           places
           .
        
         
           Such
           a
           Mountain
           there
           is
           in
           
             Island
          
           called
           by
           
             Cosmographis
             Mons
             Heckla
             ,
          
           and
           by
           the
           Inhabitants
           
             Hecklefield
             :
          
           the
           same
           Mountain
           burns
           continually
           with
           a
           blue
           brimstone-like
           and
           most
           dreadful
           flame
           ,
           casting
           up
           ,
           and
           bestrowing
           the
           fields
           round
           about
           with
           such
           great
           quantities
           of
           Brimstone
           ,
           that
           divers
           Ships
           may
           yearly
           be
           loaden
           off
           with
           it
           ;
           and
           it
           oft
           times
           strews
           the
           Land
           with
           so
           many
           ashes
           and
           other
           burnt
           stuff
           ,
           that
           the
           Countrey
           for
           the
           space
           of
           ten
           miles
           round
           about
           ,
           can
           yield
           no
           profitable
           
           increase
           ;
           and
           when
           it
           burns
           with
           greatest
           vehemence
           (
           for
           it
           burns
           sometimes
           more
           fiercely
           then
           others
           )
           it
           makes
           a
           terrible
           rumbling
           ,
           like
           the
           noise
           of
           loud
           Thunder
           ,
           and
           a
           fearful
           crackling
           and
           tearing
           ,
           that
           may
           be
           heard
           a
           long
           way
           off
           by
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           sail
           by
           it
           .
           The
           fire
           of
           this
           same
           Mountain
           is
           of
           a
           strange
           quallity
           and
           nature
           ,
           it
           can
           burn
           and
           consume
           water
           ,
           but
           cannot
           set
           on
           fire
           or
           consume
           Tow.
           
             Saxo
             Gramm
             .
             in
             praefatione
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anno
          
           1626.
           did
           this
           mountain
           of
           
             Heckfield
          
           break
           out
           with
           such
           a
           flame
           ,
           that
           it
           cast
           terrible
           &
           unusual
           pieces
           of
           fire
           out
           ,
           which
           flew
           round
           about
           a
           great
           way
           ,
           and
           burnt
           up
           many
           Houses
           ,
           and
           did
           irrepairable
           mischief
           to
           the
           Land
           :
           and
           according
           to
           intelligence
           ,
           the
           ashes
           of
           that
           fire
           flew
           about
           certain
           hundreds
           of
           miles
           :
           and
           was
           also
           seen
           in
           the
           Norther
           most
           parts
           of
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           which
           seems
           to
           be
           impossible
           :
           yet
           it
           is
           related
           for
           certain
           that
           it
           was
           so
           .
           The
           late
           Historiographers
           do
           write
           very
           strangely
           
           cerning
           such
           things
           as
           do
           yearly
           happen
           by
           ,
           and
           about
           this
           mountain
           .
        
         
           In
           
             Campania
          
           hard
           by
           
             Neapolis
          
           there
           is
           also
           a
           burning
           mountain
           called
           
             Vesuvius
             ,
          
           or
           as
           some
           call
           it
           ,
           
             Vesevus
             ,
          
           which
           also
           burns
           continually
           without
           cessation
           .
           This
           mountain
           hath
           several
           times
           bestrewed
           the
           Land
           thereabouts
           with
           so
           many
           ashes
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           cover'd
           the
           tops
           of
           the
           trees
           in
           the
           adjacent
           woods
           .
           In
           the
           time
           of
           
             Titus
             Vespatian
             .
          
           And
           
             Fl.
             Domitian
             ,
          
           the
           same
           mountain
           cast
           up
           such
           a
           fire
           ,
           that
           two
           Towns
           were
           burnt
           by
           it
           ,
           and
           also
           caused
           such
           a
           mighty
           and
           thick
           smoak
           ,
           that
           it
           wholly
           deprived
           the
           Sun
           of
           its
           light
           all
           over
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           so
           that
           the
           day
           there
           was
           as
           dark
           then
           as
           the
           darkest
           night
           ;
           And
           it
           also
           bestrew'd
           the
           whole
           Countrey
           with
           such
           an
           infinite
           and
           incredible
           quantity
           of
           ashes
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           cover'd
           over
           as
           with
           a
           great
           Snow
           :
           which
           ashes
           were
           so
           blown
           and
           carried
           about
           by
           the
           winds
           ,
           that
           they
           flew
           to
           
             Africa
             ,
             Egypt
          
           and
           
             Syria
             .
             Munster
             lib.
             2.
             de
             Italia
             .
          
        
         
         
           In
           the
           
             16
             
               th
            
          
           year
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           
             Constantine
          
           the
           5.
           the
           said
           
             Vesuvius
          
           did
           very
           great
           harm
           .
           And
           in
           the
           year
           1538.
           it
           broke
           out
           fresh
           again
           with
           a
           terrible
           and
           dangerous
           fire
           ,
           and
           an
           Earthquake
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           fearful
           deep
           hole
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           in
           plain
           and
           even
           ground
           ,
           and
           round
           about
           the
           same
           hole
           cast
           up
           a
           mighty
           deal
           of
           earth
           like
           unto
           a
           great
           mountain
           .
           
             Munster
             ibidem
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pliny
          
           that
           great
           Naturalist
           ,
           when
           he
           endeavouring
           to
           profound
           the
           nature
           of
           this
           burning
           mountain
           ,
           went
           too
           neer
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           hole
           in
           the
           top
           of
           it
           ,
           was
           choakt
           by
           the
           smoak
           and
           damp
           of
           the
           said
           fire
           ,
           and
           lost
           his
           life
           .
        
         
           In
           
             Sycillia
          
           there
           is
           also
           such
           a
           Mountain
           called
           
             Etna
             ,
          
           which
           in
           old
           time
           was
           ,
           and
           is
           yet
           much
           spoken
           of
           for
           its
           continual
           casting
           up
           of
           fire
           and
           brimstone
           :
           whose
           fire
           is
           only
           seen
           at
           nights
           ,
           and
           nothing
           but
           smoak
           a
           days
           ,
           except
           when
           it
           breaks
           out
           very
           vehemently
           :
           then
           the
           fire
           may
           be
           seen
           day
           and
           night
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1537.
           the
           same
           
           Mountain
           cast
           up
           a
           great
           piece
           of
           burning
           Brimstone
           into
           the
           Air
           ,
           which
           fell
           down
           again
           in
           several
           places
           in
           pieces
           ,
           and
           spoiled
           the
           adjacent
           Countreys
           ,
           Woods
           and
           Villages
           .
        
         
           The
           precedent
           year
           ,
           namely
           1536.
           the
           22.
           of
           
             March
             ,
          
           did
           this
           Mountain
           of
           
             Etna
          
           begin
           to
           cast
           out
           a
           most
           terrible
           fire
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           whole
           Countrey
           was
           amazed
           and
           trembled
           at
           it
           :
           and
           there
           was
           such
           a
           dreadful
           Earthquake
           ,
           with
           a
           crackling
           and
           ratling
           noise
           ,
           that
           many
           dyed
           for
           very
           fear
           ;
           and
           the
           ashes
           which
           that
           same
           fire
           cast
           up
           ,
           cover'd
           over
           not
           only
           
             Sycillia
             ,
          
           but
           also
           
             Calabria
          
           (
           a
           Province
           in
           
             Italy
             )
          
           like
           a
           great
           Snow
           .
        
         
           The
           Learned
           Philosopher
           
             Empedocles
          
           was
           choak't
           and
           destroy'd
           by
           this
           mountains
           fire
           and
           smell
           :
           when
           he
           to
           satisfie
           his
           curiosity
           concerning
           the
           nature
           and
           qualities
           thereof
           ,
           went
           too
           neer
           the
           hole
           .
        
         
           Philosophers
           give
           the
           reason
           and
           cause
           of
           such
           wonderful
           and
           continual
           burnings
           to
           be
           this
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           That
           the
           
           Earth
           is
           hollow
           in
           many
           places
           within
           it selfe
           ,
           (
           as
           shall
           be
           further
           declared
           in
           the
           fourth
           chapter
           )
           and
           is
           full
           of
           Brimstone
           ,
           Bitumen
           ,
           and
           other
           kind
           of
           substances
           ,
           which
           can
           feed
           the
           fire
           ;
           As
           also
           unslakt
           Lime
           and
           Water
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           subterraneous
           fire
           is
           easiest
           and
           oftnest
           kindled
           ;
           Now
           the
           fire
           cannot
           burn
           except
           it
           have
           Air
           ,
           or
           ,
           (
           as
           we
           may
           say
           )
           a
           breathing
           place
           :
           And
           therefore
           it
           is
           thought
           that
           
             Therma
          
           or
           those
           hot
           Baths
           that
           are
           found
           in
           several
           Countreys
           ,
           must
           be
           certain
           
             Spiracula
             ,
          
           or
           breathing
           holes
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           subterraneous
           fire
           doth
           in
           some
           kind
           get
           air
           unto
           it
           :
           and
           when
           the
           air
           ,
           by
           what
           means
           soever
           it
           be
           ,
           gets
           into
           the
           hollow
           places
           in
           the
           earth
           where
           the
           fire
           is
           ;
           Then
           that
           fire
           increaseth
           into
           a
           flame
           and
           maketh
           burning
           coals
           ,
           or
           living
           Embers
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           even
           in
           the
           innermost
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           .
           Therefore
           it
           cannot
           be
           doubted
           ,
           but
           there
           must
           needs
           be
           great
           and
           wonderful
           ,
           yet
           natural
           
             Meatus
             ,
          
           ways
           or
           passages
           ,
           in
           ,
           and
           
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           through
           which
           the
           heat
           and
           flame
           of
           the
           oft
           named
           subterraneous
           fire
           ,
           hath
           in
           several
           places
           its
           passage
           ,
           until
           it
           gets
           an
           open
           
             Spiraculum
          
           or
           breathing
           hole
           through
           such
           flaming
           mountains
           .
           Here
           it
           is
           to
           be
           noted
           that
           those
           flaming
           mountains
           do
           not
           burn
           always
           alike
           outwardly
           ,
           but
           sometimes
           more
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           lesse
           for
           such
           reasons
           as
           this
           :
           When
           the
           
             Hiatus
          
           or
           hole
           which
           is
           above
           in
           the
           mountain
           is
           stopt
           with
           any
           kind
           of
           stuff
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           fire
           is
           smother'd
           and
           cannot
           have
           its
           free
           air
           or
           breathing-place
           ,
           then
           it
           goes
           out
           ,
           though
           not
           quite
           ,
           but
           burns
           notwithstanding
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ;
           and
           only
           sends
           forth
           some
           few
           sparkles
           or
           small
           flame
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           nothing
           but
           only
           smoak
           ,
           and
           a
           stinking
           burnt
           damp
           smell
           above
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           sheweth
           that
           the
           fire
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           is
           not
           dead
           or
           wholly
           quenched
           ,
           but
           burns
           and
           works
           faintly
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           as
           long
           ,
           as
           till
           either
           the
           former
           hole
           opens
           again
           ,
           or
           it
           cannot
           
           break
           through
           and
           make
           another
           
             Hiatus
             ,
          
           or
           breathing
           hole
           ,
           and
           then
           breaks
           out
           afresh
           again
           with
           so
           much
           the
           greater
           power
           and
           vehemence
           ,
           not
           without
           doing
           great
           mischief
           and
           dammage
           to
           the
           adjacent
           places
           ,
           as
           is
           afore
           declared
           .
        
         
           Now
           from
           hence
           may
           any
           man
           sufficiently
           understand
           and
           observe
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           power
           ,
           operation
           ,
           and
           force
           of
           such
           fire
           ,
           in
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           there
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           boyling
           ,
           working
           ,
           distilling
           ,
           and
           changing
           of
           several
           Minerals
           and
           Metals
           :
           especially
           considering
           that
           the
           Sun
           ,
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Planets
           ,
           have
           also
           their
           influence
           ,
           and
           do
           work
           effectually
           under
           the
           earth
           :
           and
           this
           must
           needs
           be
           no
           small
           cause
           of
           great
           and
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           .
           How
           Minerals
           and
           Metals
           are
           wrought
           ,
           decocted
           and
           prepared
           by
           nature
           under
           the
           Earth
           ,
           shall
           be
           handled
           in
           the
           following
           chapter
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           III.
           
        
         
           Concerning
           several
           Minerals
           ,
           Metals
           ,
           and
           substances
           ,
           in
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           how
           they
           are
           wrought
           and
           changed
           .
        
         
           TOuching
           Minerals
           which
           are
           wrought
           by
           nature
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           it
           is
           according
           to
           Physical
           judgement
           thus
           .
        
         
           When
           any
           dry
           substance
           ,
           in
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           mixeth
           it selfe
           with
           any
           wet
           or
           moist
           substance
           ,
           by
           what
           means
           soever
           it
           hapneth
           ;
           whether
           by
           the
           Airs
           ,
           Fires
           ,
           or
           Waters
           passage
           under
           the
           earth
           :
           and
           the
           same
           mixture
           either
           by
           the
           powerful
           influence
           of
           the
           Planets
           ,
           or
           by
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           oft
           named
           subterraneous
           Fire
           and
           warm
           waters
           ,
           is
           decocted
           and
           well
           boiled
           together
           :
           then
           there
           is
           produced
           a
           Mineral
           according
           to
           the
           nature
           of
           the
           substances
           which
           are
           mixt
           together
           .
           Also
           when
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           in
           their
           several
           passages
           
           or
           courses
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           do
           happen
           to
           cover
           over
           ,
           soak
           or
           steep
           ,
           any
           kind
           of
           mettal
           so
           long
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           contract
           &
           gather
           a
           thickness
           to
           themselves
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           become
           like
           unto
           troubled
           waters
           above
           the
           earth
           :
           and
           the
           same
           waters
           (
           afterwards
           )
           comes
           where
           the
           fire
           is
           ;
           or
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           subterraneous
           fire
           doth
           penetrate
           and
           force
           it selfe
           through
           to
           the
           same
           waters
           ,
           then
           there
           is
           boiled
           of
           that
           water
           a
           certain
           moist
           substance
           or
           matter
           ,
           which
           in
           time
           comes
           to
           be
           a
           hard
           and
           solid
           Mineral
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           nature
           of
           that
           mettal
           which
           the
           waters
           did
           so
           cover
           ,
           soak
           ,
           or
           steep
           ;
           and
           from
           which
           it
           had
           gathered
           its
           quality
           or
           thickness
           under
           the
           earth
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           when
           such
           thick
           ,
           troubled
           ,
           and
           changed
           subterraneous
           waters
           continue
           long
           in
           a
           place
           without
           motion
           :
           then
           that
           quality
           with
           which
           it
           is
           so
           thickned
           ,
           mixt
           ,
           or
           changed
           ,
           settles
           it self
           to
           the
           bottom
           ,
           (
           as
           any
           thick
           and
           troubled
           water
           naturally
           doth
           )
           where
           it
           remains
           ;
           and
           when
           
           the
           water
           gets
           any
           kind
           of
           passage
           out
           ,
           it
           runs
           away
           ;
           and
           that
           which
           is
           left
           behind
           in
           the
           bottom
           is
           dryed
           and
           hardned
           by
           the
           power
           and
           influence
           of
           the
           Sun
           and
           Planets
           ,
           and
           also
           by
           the
           subterraneous
           air
           or
           heat
           wrought
           into
           a
           Mineral
           ,
           suitable
           to
           the
           nature
           and
           quality
           of
           that
           ,
           from
           whence
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           that
           are
           run
           away
           ,
           had
           gathered
           and
           received
           its
           thickness
           .
           And
           this
           may
           now
           be
           more
           easily
           apprehended
           and
           understood
           by
           the
           following
           examples
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           waters
           have
           their
           courses
           and
           passage
           through
           that
           earth
           which
           is
           full
           of
           Copper
           and
           such
           like
           Ore
           ,
           and
           covers
           ,
           soaks
           ,
           or
           steeps
           it
           so
           long
           and
           often
           ,
           that
           it
           becomes
           thick
           and
           muddy
           ,
           and
           its
           nature
           throughly
           altered
           and
           changed
           ,
           or
           infected
           by
           the
           quality
           thereof
           .
           And
           the
           same
           waters
           afterward
           by
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           fire
           ,
           or
           the
           power
           and
           influence
           of
           the
           Planets
           ,
           is
           boyled
           and
           distilled
           in
           the
           earth
           :
           then
           it
           becomes
           a
           
             Succus
          
           
           or
           natural
           green
           moist
           substance
           ,
           whereof
           being
           dryed
           ,
           comes
           the
           Mineral
           called
           
             Chrysocolla
             ,
          
           (
           that
           is
           
             Mountaingreen
             )
          
           and
           
             Virdigrease
             .
          
        
         
           In
           like
           manner
           when
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           covers
           over
           ,
           soaks
           ,
           or
           steeps
           
             pyriten
             aerosum
             &
             friabilem
             ▪
          
           that
           is
           a
           rusty
           Firrstone
           ,
           which
           is
           easily
           ground
           to
           pieces
           ,
           and
           is
           called
           in
           High-Dutch
           
             Kys
             :
          
           then
           it
           becomes
           a
           bitter
           
             Succus
             ,
          
           which
           afterwards
           turns
           to
           
             Victril
             ,
          
           and
           
             Alumen
             liquidum
             ,
          
           that
           is
           Allom.
           
        
         
           Likewise
           where
           the
           subterraneous
           waters
           ,
           or
           liquid
           substances
           have
           their
           courses
           and
           passage
           thorough
           ,
           or
           into
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           Ore
           :
           then
           it
           becomes
           
             Lithargyrium
             Aureum
             &
             Argenteum
             ,
          
           that
           is
           Litharidge
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           .
        
         
           Nor
           must
           we
           think
           that
           all
           Minerals
           are
           produced
           in
           the
           earth
           after
           this
           manner
           now
           spoken
           of
           ;
           but
           some
           after
           this
           manner
           ,
           and
           some
           otherwise
           ,
           by
           the
           influence
           of
           the
           Planets
           and
           other
           occult
           natural
           causes
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           put
           us
           in
           mind
           of
           the
           omnipotency
           
           of
           God
           ,
           who
           by
           nature
           worketh
           the
           rough
           and
           unshapen
           earth
           ,
           and
           earthish
           liquid
           substances
           ,
           into
           such
           several
           ,
           very
           necessary
           ,
           and
           precious
           Minerals
           and
           Mettals
           ,
           for
           the
           great
           benefit
           and
           good
           of
           Mankind
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           is
           also
           found
           by
           experience
           that
           many
           Minerals
           are
           so
           perfectly
           decocted
           and
           wrought
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           afterwards
           spring
           up
           of
           themselves
           thorough
           the
           Clefts
           and
           Cranies
           of
           the
           Rocks
           ,
           like
           a
           pot
           that
           seeths
           and
           runs
           over
           .
        
         
           As
           touching
           Mettals
           ,
           they
           are
           by
           nature
           wrought
           and
           produced
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           after
           divers
           secret
           and
           incomprehensible
           ways
           and
           manners
           ,
           yea
           even
           amongst
           and
           within
           the
           hard
           stones
           and
           mighty
           mountainous
           Rocks
           by
           which
           in
           like
           manner
           we
           have
           cause
           given
           to
           consider
           the
           omnipotency
           and
           bounty
           of
           God
           ,
           whereby
           he
           in
           so
           wonderful
           and
           inconceivable
           a
           manner
           ,
           doth
           change
           earth
           and
           stone
           into
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Tinn
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           and
           
           other
           very
           necessary
           Mettals
           for
           the
           profit
           and
           benefit
           of
           man.
           And
           as
           the
           Fish
           is
           never
           so
           deep
           in
           the
           main
           Sea
           and
           other
           great
           waters
           &
           streams
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           brought
           up
           for
           the
           food
           and
           sustentation
           of
           man
           ;
           in
           like
           manner
           is
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           Iron
           ,
           Brass
           ,
           Tinn
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           
             &c.
          
           never
           so
           deep
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           nor
           so
           hard
           fastned
           in
           ,
           and
           between
           the
           hard
           rocks
           under
           it
           ;
           but
           that
           by
           the
           Almighty
           power
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Art
           and
           Labour
           of
           those
           that
           work
           in
           the
           Mines
           ,
           it
           is
           brought
           up
           to
           light
           ,
           for
           the
           use
           and
           great
           benefit
           of
           Man.
           Concerning
           which
           ,
           
             Job
          
           in
           his
           
             28
             chap.
             1
             ,
             2
             verses
             ,
          
           writes
           thus
           .
           
             The
             Silver
             hath
             its
             secret
             passage
             ,
             and
             the
             Gold
             its
             place
             ,
             Iron
             is
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             Stone
             is
             melted
             into
             Copper
             .
          
        
         
           Such
           favour
           hath
           the
           goodness
           and
           omnipotency
           of
           God
           shewed
           now
           in
           these
           last
           times
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           unto
           this
           Land
           and
           Kingdom
           of
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           especially
           since
           the
           year
           1623.
           when
           that
           rich
           and
           famous
           Silver
           Mine
           in
           
             Sanswerd
             ,
          
           
           and
           since
           that
           ,
           time
           after
           time
           ,
           the
           rich
           Copper-Mine
           in
           
             Ewster-dale
             ,
          
           and
           
             Gulbrands-dale
          
           as
           well
           as
           the
           excellent
           Iron-Mine
           in
           
             Hedemarken
             ,
          
           and
           other
           places
           ,
           were
           found
           out
           &
           improved
           to
           the
           great
           and
           profitable
           advancement
           of
           Trade
           .
        
         
           And
           here
           is
           especially
           to
           be
           noted
           ,
           that
           Mettals
           are
           not
           discovered
           and
           brought
           to
           light
           and
           use
           in
           all
           places
           alike
           soone
           ,
           but
           some
           in
           one
           
             seculo
          
           or
           century
           of
           years
           ,
           and
           some
           in
           another
           .
           After
           two
           ,
           three
           ,
           or
           more
           hundred
           years
           time
           :
           and
           the
           reason
           is
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           not
           ripe
           all
           alike
           soone
           ,
           or
           perfectly
           wrought
           and
           prepared
           ;
           as
           the
           fruits
           of
           Trees
           or
           Herbs
           of
           the
           field
           ,
           are
           some
           of
           them
           sooner
           ,
           and
           some
           later
           ripe
           ;
           and
           that
           because
           some
           Metals
           are
           so
           deep
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           so
           soon
           grow
           up
           ,
           and
           show
           themselves
           above
           ,
           or
           upon
           the
           earth
           ;
           nor
           can
           be
           perfectly
           wrought
           and
           prepared
           so
           soon
           as
           those
           Metals
           that
           are
           placed
           higher
           up
           in
           the
           earth
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           also
           partly
           because
           many
           Countreys
           
           and
           places
           that
           are
           full
           of
           Ore
           ,
           and
           metallish
           substances
           do
           yet
           lie
           so
           far
           from
           the
           Suns
           and
           Planets
           Courses
           which
           principally
           works
           and
           prepares
           them
           :
           yea
           even
           in
           the
           deepest
           and
           innermost
           places
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           come
           so
           soon
           to
           maturity
           ,
           or
           be
           discovered
           and
           brought
           to
           use
           so
           soon
           ,
           as
           those
           Mines
           that
           are
           in
           the
           
             Southern
          
           Countreys
           ,
           either
           neerer
           ,
           or
           under
           the
           Suns
           and
           Planets
           courses
           .
        
         
           And
           hence
           it
           is
           that
           the
           Mines
           in
           these
           
             Northern
          
           Countreys
           ,
           especially
           here
           in
           
             Norway
          
           and
           
             Sweden
             ,
          
           (
           whose
           
             Southermost
          
           borders
           lie
           not
           above
           34.
           degrees
           from
           the
           
             Artick
          
           or
           
           North-pole
           ,
           but
           the
           
             Northermost
          
           reaches
           up
           to
           71.
           degrees
           of
           
             North
          
           Latitude
           )
           lying
           far
           from
           the
           Sun
           and
           the
           other
           Planets
           courses
           and
           operations
           ,
           have
           not
           so
           soon
           come
           to
           maturity
           ,
           as
           those
           Mines
           in
           the
           
             South
          
           countreys
           ,
           and
           also
           in
           the
           
             East
          
           and
           
             West
             Indies
             ,
          
           which
           lye
           but
           30
           or
           40
           degrees
           from
           the
           Equinoctial
           on
           both
           sides
           :
           from
           whence
           great
           quantities
           
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           hath
           been
           ,
           and
           is
           now
           yearly
           brought
           into
           these
           
             Norther
             Countreys
             .
          
           For
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           and
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Planets
           ,
           by
           their
           presence
           there
           ,
           have
           a
           far
           greater
           force
           and
           influence
           in
           their
           operation
           ,
           then
           they
           have
           here
           with
           us
           ,
           where
           they
           never
           come
           so
           neer
           :
           and
           besides
           their
           power
           and
           influence
           is
           much
           obstructed
           by
           that
           natural
           frost
           and
           cold
           which
           is
           here
           so
           neer
           under
           the
           Pole.
           
        
         
           It
           is
           therefore
           well
           worth
           the
           notice
           ,
           that
           when
           any
           Ore-Mine
           is
           found
           here
           in
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           (
           as
           happens
           often
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           places
           )
           which
           upon
           tryal
           is
           found
           to
           yield
           good
           and
           fine
           Metal
           ,
           or
           Ore
           ,
           though
           not
           so
           rich
           as
           to
           defray
           all
           charges
           ;
           that
           therefore
           such
           Mines
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           wholly
           neglected
           and
           slighted
           ,
           but
           diligently
           registred
           ,
           and
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           our
           posterity
           :
           because
           the
           Ore
           sheweth
           that
           there
           is
           good
           and
           fine
           Metal
           preparing
           in
           that
           Mine
           ;
           and
           possibly
           being
           deeper
           searcht
           into
           ,
           would
           be
           found
           
           rich
           enough
           :
           but
           if
           it
           should
           not
           then
           be
           able
           to
           bear
           the
           charges
           ;
           it
           is
           because
           the
           Metal
           so
           found
           ,
           is
           not
           yet
           ripe
           enough
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           perfect
           maturity
           ,
           which
           in
           time
           may
           be
           ;
           wherein
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           Planets
           may
           do
           very
           much
           in
           halfe
           a
           hundred
           ,
           or
           a
           hundred
           years
           ;
           so
           that
           what
           is
           not
           yet
           ripe
           enough
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           full
           perfection
           in
           our
           time
           ,
           may
           be
           more
           ripe
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           better
           maturity
           ,
           in
           processe
           of
           the
           time
           of
           our
           posterity
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           profit
           ,
           benefit
           ,
           and
           advantage
           of
           these
           Kingdoms
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           Now
           when
           Metals
           are
           thoroughly
           prepared
           and
           come
           to
           their
           maturity
           ,
           and
           perfection
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           then
           they
           do
           discover
           themselves
           above
           the
           earth
           ;
           (
           like
           as
           the
           fruits
           of
           trees
           ,
           when
           they
           are
           ripe
           enough
           ,
           fall
           down
           of
           themselves
           ,
           )
           shewing
           thereby
           that
           they
           are
           now
           ripe
           ,
           or
           fit
           to
           be
           digged
           up
           and
           used
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           is
           related
           amongst
           us
           ,
           that
           the
           rich
           Silver-Mine
           in
           
             Sanswerd
          
           by
           
           
             Dram
             ,
          
           did
           discover
           it selfe
           ,
           by
           shewing
           ,
           and
           putting
           forth
           its
           Ore
           through
           the
           cracks
           ,
           and
           clefts
           of
           the
           stones
           in
           that
           rocky
           Mountain
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1623.
           
        
         
           And
           it
           happens
           often
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Countrey
           people
           here
           ,
           do
           burn
           the
           wood
           off
           from
           such
           great
           places
           where
           they
           intend
           to
           sow
           Corn
           ,
           that
           the
           force
           and
           vehemence
           of
           the
           fire
           reaches
           into
           the
           Rocks
           ,
           and
           makes
           them
           glowing
           hot
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           melted
           Ore
           or
           Metal
           ,
           runs
           out
           of
           their
           clefts
           and
           cracks
           ,
           whereby
           they
           are
           often
           discover'd
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           improved
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           also
           to
           be
           admired
           how
           wonderfully
           nature
           doth
           prepare
           and
           produce
           several
           sorts
           of
           Ore
           in
           strange
           forms
           ,
           and
           shapes
           :
           such
           as
           are
           whole
           pieces
           of
           pure
           Silver
           ,
           or
           Copper
           ,
           in
           the
           shapes
           of
           Men
           ,
           Women
           ,
           Horses
           ,
           Fowls
           ,
           Fishes
           ,
           Dragons
           ,
           Trees
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           :
           which
           have
           been
           really
           found
           both
           in
           the
           Silver
           and
           the
           Copper-Mines
           here
           in
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           and
           are
           safely
           reserved
           by
           
           such
           as
           are
           partners
           in
           the
           Mines
           ,
           as
           miracles
           of
           nature
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           likewise
           certain
           ,
           that
           there
           are
           divers
           Spirits
           found
           in
           many
           of
           the
           Ore
           Mines
           :
           amongst
           which
           some
           do
           the
           workmen
           no
           harm
           at
           all
           ,
           but
           otherwise
           wander
           up
           and
           down
           below
           in
           the
           Mines
           ,
           and
           seem
           to
           imitate
           the
           Labourers
           in
           the
           Mine
           ,
           in
           doing
           all
           kind
           of
           work
           after
           an
           Apish
           ,
           Antick
           fashion
           ;
           some
           seem
           to
           hew
           the
           Ore
           loose
           ,
           some
           to
           fill
           that
           which
           is
           hewen
           ,
           into
           tubs
           ,
           and
           to
           wind
           it
           up
           :
           some
           seem
           to
           hasten
           the
           rest
           to
           follow
           their
           work
           ,
           and
           yet
           they
           do
           nothing
           at
           all
           ,
           but
           only
           mock
           the
           Labourers
           in
           the
           Mines
           ;
           and
           these
           are
           most
           frequently
           seen
           in
           those
           Mines
           where
           much
           Ore
           is
           shortly
           after
           found
           .
        
         
           But
           some
           of
           these
           Spirits
           are
           so
           dangerous
           and
           pernitious
           in
           some
           places
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           destroy
           and
           kill
           the
           Laborers
           in
           the
           Mines
           ,
           infesting
           and
           expelling
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           are
           forced
           wholly
           to
           give
           over
           ,
           and
           forsake
           the
           Mines
           ,
           and
           
           repair
           to
           other
           places
           ,
           as
           it
           hapned
           at
           
             Anneberg
          
           in
           
             Elsatz
          
           in
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           at
           a
           M●ne-pit
           then
           called
           
             Corona
             Rosacea
             ,
          
           or
           ,
           
             Rosen
             Crown
             .
          
        
         
           And
           here
           is
           to
           be
           observed
           that
           nature
           doth
           often
           ,
           yea
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           mix
           more
           sorts
           then
           one
           together
           ,
           as
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           and
           Copper
           ;
           as
           also
           Silver
           ,
           Copper
           ,
           Tinn
           ,
           and
           Lead
           ,
           one
           with
           another
           ;
           from
           whence
           this
           word
           Metal
           derives
           its
           name
           from
           the
           Greek
           ,
           
             quasi
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           the
           one
           mixt
           with
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           And
           moreover
           ,
           besides
           this
           ,
           Nature
           doth
           sometimes
           work
           and
           produce
           Metals
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           are
           found
           to
           be
           hard
           ,
           tight
           ,
           and
           solid
           :
           as
           if
           they
           had
           been
           cast
           ,
           or
           wrought
           with
           the
           hammer
           ,
           but
           sometimes
           ,
           and
           most
           commonly
           it
           is
           found
           growing
           in
           ,
           and
           mixed
           with
           stone
           :
           so
           that
           the
           Ory
           stones
           must
           be
           beaten
           with
           pestles
           as
           in
           a
           morter
           ,
           and
           then
           the
           Ore-power
           melted
           in
           Furnaces
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           refined
           from
           the
           drosse
           ,
           before
           any
           necessary
           
           thing
           can
           be
           made
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           may
           suffice
           to
           be
           spoken
           concerning
           several
           Minerals
           and
           Metals
           ,
           and
           how
           wonderfully
           they
           may
           be
           wrought
           and
           changed
           ,
           within
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           do
           help
           to
           the
           production
           of
           great
           Earthquakes
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           IV.
           
        
         
           Concerning
           Air
           ,
           and
           Wind
           ,
           that
           is
           inclosed
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           how
           it
           doth
           occasion
           great
           and
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           .
        
         
           IT
           is
           an
           universal
           Axiome
           ,
           and
           Physical
           rule
           ;
           
             non
             datur
             vacuum
             in
             rerum
             natura
             ;
          
           that
           is
           ,
           there
           is
           nothing
           found
           empty
           in
           Nature
           ;
           whence
           it
           follows
           that
           all
           things
           over
           or
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           full
           ,
           or
           filled
           with
           something
           ,
           especially
           with
           one
           or
           more
           of
           the
           four
           Elements
           ;
           which
           be
           ,
           Fire
           ,
           Air
           ,
           Earth
           ,
           and
           Water
           ;
           and
           where
           none
           of
           the
           visible
           Elements
           
           are
           ,
           there
           the
           Air
           is
           present
           ,
           being
           a
           thin
           ,
           subtile
           ,
           and
           invisible
           body
           ,
           that
           fils
           up
           all
           places
           and
           things
           every
           where
           ,
           which
           seem
           to
           our
           eies
           to
           be
           empty
           ;
           the
           which
           we
           may
           easily
           try
           and
           experiment
           ,
           by
           putting
           a
           hollow
           Reed
           ,
           Straw
           ,
           or
           Feather
           ,
           into
           Wine
           ,
           Beer
           ,
           Water
           ,
           or
           other
           liquid
           stuff
           ;
           yea
           ,
           though
           it
           were
           Sand
           ,
           or
           loose
           Earth
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           strongly
           sucking
           out
           ,
           and
           drawing
           to
           us
           the
           Air
           that
           is
           in
           the
           hollow
           reed
           or
           straw
           ;
           we
           do
           presently
           see
           ,
           that
           before
           the
           reed
           ,
           or
           straw
           will
           be
           empty
           ,
           the
           heavy
           stuff
           that
           is
           below
           ,
           will
           come
           up
           into
           and
           fill
           the
           hollow
           place
           in
           it
           ,
           until
           it
           can
           recover
           its
           lost
           air
           again
           ;
           the
           same
           may
           be
           perceived
           when
           one
           drinks
           Tobacco
           :
           for
           when
           the
           Air
           is
           suckt
           out
           of
           the
           pipe
           into
           the
           mouth
           ,
           then
           before
           the
           hollow
           of
           the
           pipe
           will
           be
           empty
           ,
           the
           smoak
           is
           forced
           as
           it
           were
           by
           the
           power
           of
           nature
           ,
           to
           forsake
           the
           fire
           that
           is
           in
           the
           tobacco
           ,
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           hollowness
           of
           the
           pipe
           ,
           least
           it
           should
           be
           empty
           .
        
         
         
           Now
           the
           earth
           within
           ,
           is
           not
           generally
           close
           and
           tight
           ,
           but
           cleft
           and
           parted
           one
           piece
           from
           another
           in
           many
           places
           .
           And
           there
           are
           also
           many
           Rocks
           ,
           and
           great
           stones
           below
           in
           it
           ,
           that
           have
           their
           Clefts
           ,
           Cracks
           ,
           and
           Cranies
           ,
           which
           are
           wide
           and
           large
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           hollow
           and
           empty
           ;
           besides
           ,
           the
           earth
           in
           many
           places
           is
           sunk
           down
           from
           the
           Corners
           ,
           Angles
           ,
           and
           uneveness
           of
           those
           Rocks
           ,
           and
           Stones
           ,
           which
           makes
           many
           great
           ,
           hollow
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           empty
           places
           within
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           And
           besides
           this
           ,
           the
           earth
           is
           on
           all
           sides
           environed
           with
           water
           ,
           and
           is
           with
           several
           Seas
           ,
           and
           running
           streams
           ,
           both
           salt
           and
           fresh
           ,
           enterlac't
           ,
           and
           filled
           ,
           as
           the
           body
           is
           with
           veins
           :
           and
           is
           also
           with
           great
           and
           long
           Rains
           often
           wet
           and
           moistned
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           she
           is
           soakt
           thorough
           with
           water
           :
           and
           the
           same
           water
           in
           time
           gets
           into
           those
           hollow
           places
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           but
           being
           hindred
           in
           its
           course
           to
           such
           places
           ,
           doth
           again
           spring
           up
           in
           certain
           places
           
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           as
           may
           by
           several
           Springs
           be
           perceived
           and
           observed
           ;
           And
           besides
           all
           this
           ,
           there
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           wonderful
           great
           water
           in
           the
           innermost
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           
             Moses
             ,
          
           that
           man
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           writer
           of
           the
           creation
           of
           the
           worlds
           foundation
           ,
           calls
           the
           fountains
           of
           the
           great
           deep
           ,
           
             Gen.
             7.
             chap.
             11.
             ver
             .
          
           and
           
             8.
             chap.
             2.
             ver
             .
          
           which
           springs
           up
           in
           many
           places
           so
           abundantly
           ,
           both
           hot
           and
           cold
           :
           that
           it
           makes
           great
           and
           rapid
           streams
           above
           the
           earth
           .
           Now
           where
           such
           great
           waters
           under
           the
           earth
           ,
           cannot
           break
           forward
           ,
           and
           force
           themselves
           thorough
           to
           those
           hollow
           places
           in
           the
           earth
           :
           there
           the
           Air
           being
           a
           more
           thin
           and
           subtile
           body
           than
           the
           water
           ,
           forceth
           it selfe
           through
           ,
           and
           fils
           them
           .
           For
           as
           the
           moisture
           ,
           humours
           ,
           and
           spirits
           do
           often
           force
           themselves
           through
           the
           Pores
           of
           a
           mans
           warm
           body
           ,
           or
           a
           horse
           that
           sweats
           ,
           through
           whose
           thick
           hide
           ,
           the
           humours
           and
           moisture
           so
           pierces
           ,
           that
           the
           Horse
           seems
           to
           smoak
           
           again
           with
           reek
           .
           In
           like
           manner
           the
           Air
           goes
           about
           to
           and
           fro
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           seeking
           to
           fill
           those
           hollow
           and
           empty
           places
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           appointment
           of
           nature
           ,
           which
           suffers
           nothing
           to
           be
           empty
           ,
           as
           is
           before
           mentioned
           .
        
         
           Now
           when
           such
           hollow
           places
           are
           filled
           with
           subterraneous
           water
           ,
           or
           with
           other
           stuff
           ,
           then
           is
           the
           inclosed
           Air
           ,
           expelled
           ,
           and
           forced
           thence
           :
           comming
           up
           out
           of
           those
           holes
           ,
           and
           appearing
           above
           the
           earth
           ,
           as
           a
           thick
           fogg
           ,
           mist
           ,
           or
           smoak
           :
           which
           in
           Latine
           is
           called
           
             halitus
             ,
             exhalationes
             ,
             evaporationes
             :
          
           but
           we
           here
           in
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           call
           it
           a
           mist
           ,
           whereof
           some
           are
           thicker
           then
           others
           ,
           and
           of
           different
           colours
           ,
           according
           as
           the
           said
           Air
           so
           arising
           and
           expelled
           ,
           hath
           contracted
           its
           thickness
           and
           colour
           from
           that
           moisture
           below
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           with
           which
           it
           was
           mixed
           and
           inclosed
           .
        
         
           And
           then
           if
           the
           earth
           be
           so
           close
           ,
           Tight
           ,
           and
           solid
           ,
           that
           the
           Air
           cannot
           
           so
           suddainly
           get
           passage
           to
           depart
           away
           ,
           it
           breaks
           out
           by
           force
           ;
           and
           when
           this
           conflict
           and
           breach
           betwixt
           the
           subterraneous
           Air
           and
           Water
           happens
           :
           then
           the
           earth
           (
           as
           the
           seat
           of
           this
           warr
           )
           must
           certainly
           quake
           ,
           tremble
           ,
           shake
           ,
           and
           be
           moved
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           called
           
             Terrae
             motus
             ,
          
           that
           is
           an
           Earthquake
           :
           whereof
           the
           following
           chapter
           more
           plainly
           and
           particularly
           discourseth
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           there
           is
           no
           little
           Air
           ,
           or
           Wind
           in
           the
           hollow
           places
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           we
           may
           apparently
           perceive
           ,
           when
           it
           breaks
           forth
           in
           Earthquakes
           :
           for
           then
           we
           see
           that
           it
           can
           cast
           great
           stones
           up
           into
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           lift
           up
           the
           earth
           :
           yea
           great
           Mountains
           ,
           and
           make
           such
           a
           terrible
           quaking
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           mighty
           Citys
           and
           Towns
           ,
           Castles
           Fortresses
           ,
           high
           Towers
           ,
           and
           Walls
           ,
           great
           Churches
           and
           Buildings
           ,
           have
           been
           thereby
           utterly
           overthrown
           ,
           sunk
           ,
           and
           lost
           ;
           as
           it
           is
           Recorded
           concerning
           the
           great
           and
           mighty
           City
           of
           
             Antioch
          
           in
           
             Asia
             :
          
           which
           in
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           
           528.
           was
           wholly
           destroyed
           by
           an
           Earthquake
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           4870
           persons
           killed
           by
           the
           fall
           of
           its
           Towers
           ,
           Spires
           ,
           Walls
           ,
           and
           Buildings
           .
        
         
           Likewise
           in
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           1509.
           the
           
             14th
          
           of
           
             September
             ,
          
           the
           City
           of
           
             Constantinople
          
           was
           very
           much
           defaced
           and
           spoiled
           by
           a
           dreadful
           Earthquake
           ,
           which
           continued
           18
           days
           :
           for
           it
           overthrew
           that
           long
           ,
           thick
           ,
           and
           strong
           wall
           ,
           which
           stood
           along
           by
           the
           water-side
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           houses
           that
           stood
           neer
           it
           ,
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           fill'd
           up
           the
           Motes
           and
           Ditches
           without
           the
           walls
           ,
           with
           Rubbish
           ,
           Stones
           ,
           and
           Chaulk
           ,
           that
           one
           might
           have
           gone
           dry-shod
           over
           them
           ;
           The
           same
           Earthquake
           shook
           down
           that
           part
           of
           the
           
             Grand-Signiors
             Pallace
          
           where
           the
           Treasury
           was
           :
           and
           five
           great
           and
           strong
           Towers
           quite
           and
           clean
           ;
           and
           besides
           all
           the
           mischief
           that
           it
           did
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           be
           repaired
           for
           many
           Tun
           of
           Gold
           :
           it
           killed
           and
           destroyed
           13000
           persons
           .
           
             Munster
             lib.
          
           4.
           
        
         
         
           Likewise
           in
           the
           year
           1517.
           the
           
             16th
          
           of
           
             June
             .
          
           There
           hapned
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           at
           
             Norlingen
             ,
          
           40
           miles
           from
           
             Nuremburg
          
           in
           High
           -
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           which
           overthrew
           St.
           
           Emerania's
           
             Church
          
           to
           the
           ground
           :
           and
           2000
           houses
           besides
           within
           and
           without
           the
           City
           ,
           for
           about
           the
           space
           of
           eight
           miles
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           Earthquake
           did
           also
           overthrow
           many
           great
           trees
           both
           in
           Orchards
           and
           Woods
           .
           
             Munster
             lib.
             3.
             de
             Suevia
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           V.
           
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           Physical
           description
           of
           Earthquakes
           ,
           with
           their
           species
           ,
           operation
           ,
           and
           natural
           effects
           .
        
         
           THere
           are
           certain
           Divines
           ,
           which
           will
           by
           no
           means
           grant
           ,
           that
           Earthquakes
           should
           proceed
           from
           natural
           causes
           :
           but
           only
           from
           the
           particular
           power
           ,
           appointment
           ,
           and
           dispensation
           of
           God
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           
           Testimony
           of
           
             Job
             ,
             chap.
             9.
             ver
             .
             5
             ,
             6.
             
             He
             removeth
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             they
             know
             not
             ,
             He
             shaketh
             the
             earth
             out
             of
             her
             place
             ,
             and
             the
             pillars
             thereof
             do
             tremble
             .
          
           These
           I
           do
           in
           equity
           allow
           ,
           the
           retention
           of
           their
           received
           opinions
           .
        
         
           But
           other
           Divines
           do
           acknowledge
           that
           Earthquakes
           have
           also
           their
           natural
           causes
           ,
           by
           which
           God
           Almighty
           doth
           occasion
           their
           production
           ;
           and
           to
           speak
           Physically
           to
           this
           :
           Naturalists
           do
           describe
           it
           thus
           .
        
         
           An
           Earthquake
           ,
           is
           a
           violent
           ,
           moving
           ,
           stirring
           ,
           shaking
           ,
           or
           quaking
           of
           the
           earth
           :
           occasioned
           by
           the
           subterraneous
           ,
           salt-peterish
           moisture
           and
           damps
           inclosed
           together
           ,
           with
           the
           Air
           ,
           or
           wind
           ,
           in
           the
           hollow
           places
           of
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           Now
           when
           such
           damps
           and
           moistures
           grow
           so
           great
           ,
           strong
           ,
           and
           thick
           ,
           by
           length
           of
           time
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           continue
           with
           the
           subterraneous
           Air
           any
           longer
           in
           one
           hole
           together
           :
           then
           they
           do
           forcibly
           expell
           the
           subterraneous
           Air
           from
           thence
           :
           which
           by
           nature
           
           always
           giveth
           way
           to
           solid
           ,
           and
           thicker
           bodies
           :
           and
           then
           there
           is
           a
           kind
           of
           civil
           conflict
           between
           them
           ,
           which
           of
           them
           shall
           give
           way
           ,
           and
           depart
           from
           those
           hollow
           places
           in
           the
           earth
           :
           if
           the
           earth
           then
           be
           poreous
           ,
           sandy
           ,
           or
           loose
           ,
           the
           inclosed
           Air
           and
           Wind
           gets
           out
           thorough
           those
           Pores
           or
           sweating
           holes
           ,
           and
           is
           seen
           above
           the
           earth
           like
           a
           smoaky
           Fogg
           or
           Mist
           ,
           as
           is
           touched
           before
           in
           the
           last
           preceding
           chapter
           .
           But
           if
           the
           earth
           be
           so
           hard
           ,
           close
           ,
           and
           tight
           ,
           that
           the
           inclosed
           Damps
           and
           Air
           ,
           cannot
           by
           its
           thinnesse
           and
           subtilty
           penetrate
           ,
           exhale
           ,
           and
           force
           it selfe
           thorough
           the
           pores
           and
           sweating
           holes
           of
           the
           earth
           :
           then
           it
           breaks
           thorough
           the
           earth
           violently
           by
           its
           natural
           force
           and
           strength
           :
           and
           thereby
           causes
           the
           earth
           to
           shake
           ,
           and
           quake
           ,
           until
           it
           can
           split
           and
           burst
           assunder
           in
           some
           certain
           place
           ,
           to
           give
           them
           room
           .
        
         
           And
           hence
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           such
           Earthquakes
           do
           seldom
           happen
           in
           those
           
           countreys
           or
           places
           ,
           where
           the
           earth
           is
           porous
           ,
           loose
           ,
           or
           sandy
           :
           because
           there
           the
           inclosed
           air
           ,
           damps
           ,
           and
           moistures
           ,
           can
           easily
           penetrate
           ,
           and
           force
           themselves
           through
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           make
           their
           way
           without
           the
           shaking
           or
           moving
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           which
           cannot
           be
           where
           there
           is
           close
           ,
           tight
           ,
           and
           solid
           earth
           round
           about
           them
           .
        
         
           Now
           as
           touching
           the
           several
           kinds
           and
           species
           of
           Earthquakes
           it
           is
           certain
           truth
           ,
           found
           by
           experience
           .
           That
           all
           Earthquakes
           do
           not
           happen
           after
           one
           and
           the
           same
           ,
           but
           after
           divers
           kinds
           and
           manners
           .
           
             Aristotle
          
           in
           
             libello
             de
             mundo
             ,
          
           reckons
           up
           ,
           and
           describes
           seven
           sorts
           of
           Earthquakes
           ,
           each
           by
           its
           particular
           properties
           and
           fashion
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           strength
           or
           weakness
           of
           the
           subterraneous
           contest
           of
           Nature
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Amongst
           which
           ,
           by
           some
           Earthquakes
           ,
           whole
           Citys
           and
           Mountains
           ,
           with
           Houses
           ,
           and
           People
           ,
           sink
           quite
           down
           into
           the
           earth
           :
           as
           
             Pliny
          
           writes
           ,
           
             lib.
             2.
             cap.
             48
             ▪
          
           That
           in
           
             Asia
             ,
          
           in
           the
           
           time
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           the
           Emperor
           
             Tiberius
             ,
          
           there
           sunk
           twelve
           great
           Citys
           ,
           and
           principal
           Towns
           ,
           quite
           and
           clean
           down
           in
           one
           night
           by
           an
           Earthquake
           .
           
             Eusebius
             in
             Chronic.
             ad
             Annum
             Christi
             33.
             
             Nicephorus
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
          
           14.
           do
           suppose
           that
           this
           was
           the
           great
           Earthquake
           that
           hapned
           at
           the
           time
           of
           Christs
           death
           ,
           which
           was
           in
           the
           
             18th
             .
          
           year
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           the
           Emperour
           
             Tiberins
             .
          
        
         
           2.
           
           By
           some
           Earthquakes
           ,
           the
           earth
           is
           swoln
           ,
           and
           heaved
           up
           high
           above
           its
           natural
           shape
           and
           proportion
           ,
           so
           that
           great
           Mountains
           and
           Hills
           are
           made
           there
           ,
           where
           before
           it
           was
           plain
           and
           even
           ground
           .
           
             Freeburgum
             Brisgojae
          
           was
           destroyed
           by
           such
           an
           Earthquake
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1509.
           
           And
           there
           are
           many
           great
           Islands
           and
           places
           incompassed
           with
           water
           ,
           often
           thus
           made
           ;
           for
           when
           this
           kind
           of
           Earthquake
           happens
           under
           the
           waters
           ,
           it
           heaves
           ,
           and
           raiseth
           up
           the
           earth
           sometimes
           ,
           and
           in
           some
           places
           so
           high
           ,
           that
           it
           reaches
           up
           above
           
           the
           water
           ,
           and
           there
           it
           remains
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           is
           changed
           ,
           and
           comes
           to
           be
           an
           inhabitable
           Island
           .
           It
           is
           Recorded
           that
           the
           Island
           
             Delus
             ,
             Rhodus
             ,
             Alone
             ,
             Thera
             ,
          
           and
           
             Therasia
          
           &c.
           came
           up
           so
           ,
           and
           also
           the
           Islands
           of
           
             Echinades
             ,
          
           were
           so
           lifted
           up
           out
           of
           the
           River
           
             Acheloo
             :
          
           and
           certain
           others
           in
           
             Egypt
             ,
          
           out
           of
           the
           River
           
             Nilus
             ,
          
           as
           
             Pliny
          
           witnesseth
           .
           
             lib.
             2.
             cap.
          
           87.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           Some
           Earthquakes
           do
           raise
           and
           lift
           up
           the
           earth
           very
           high
           above
           its
           natural
           shape
           :
           but
           assoon
           as
           the
           Earthquake
           is
           past
           ,
           it
           presently
           sinks
           and
           settles
           down
           ,
           and
           recovers
           its
           former
           natural
           shape
           again
           ,
           and
           doth
           not
           much
           hurt
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           By
           some
           Earthquakes
           the
           earth
           is
           torn
           and
           divided
           assunder
           in
           a
           certain
           place
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           is
           a
           horrible
           great
           
             Hiatus
             ,
          
           or
           open
           hole
           made
           ,
           as
           it
           hapned
           in
           
             Moses
          
           his
           time
           ;
           when
           such
           a
           
             Hiatus
             ,
          
           rending
           ,
           or
           opening
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           swallowed
           up
           
             Moses
          
           seditious
           adversarys
           :
           such
           were
           
             Korah
             ,
             Dathan
             ,
          
           and
           
             Abiram
             :
          
           with
           certain
           other
           men
           
           of
           the
           children
           of
           
             Israel
             ,
          
           250
           Princes
           of
           the
           Assembly
           ,
           famous
           in
           the
           Congregation
           ,
           and
           men
           of
           renown
           :
           with
           their
           Houses
           ,
           Goods
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           men
           that
           appertained
           to
           
             Korah
             ,
          
           sunk
           alive
           down
           into
           Hell
           ,
           with
           all
           that
           they
           had
           ,
           and
           the
           earth
           closed
           upon
           them
           ,
           they
           perishing
           from
           amidst
           the
           Congregation
           .
           Concerning
           which
           ,
           we
           may
           read
           in
           the
           
             19
             Chapter
          
           of
           
             Numbers
             ,
             ver
             .
             2
             ,
             31
             ,
             32
             ,
             33.
             
          
        
         
           5.
           
           Some
           Earthquakes
           make
           the
           earth
           to
           sink
           lower
           down
           then
           it
           was
           before
           :
           and
           it
           never
           riseth
           up
           again
           ,
           but
           remains
           always
           such
           a
           low
           and
           sunken
           Land.
           
        
         
           6.
           
           In
           some
           places
           ,
           especially
           by
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           sides
           of
           great
           Rivers
           and
           Streams
           ;
           the
           earth
           carries
           away
           Houses
           ,
           Trees
           ,
           Pastures
           ,
           and
           Meddows
           into
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           Rivers
           ;
           and
           such
           particular
           Earthquakes
           do
           often
           happen
           here
           in
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           chiefly
           in
           the
           
             South
          
           parts
           thereof
           .
        
         
           7.
           
           In
           some
           places
           the
           Earthquake
           carries
           
           a
           great
           rumbling
           sound
           and
           noise
           along
           with
           it
           ,
           like
           unto
           the
           noise
           of
           Thunder
           ;
           and
           so
           did
           this
           ,
           that
           was
           now
           amongst
           us
           :
           for
           at
           first
           we
           knew
           not
           otherwise
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           Thunder
           ,
           before
           we
           saw
           the
           houses
           and
           moveables
           apparently
           to
           totter
           and
           shake
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Now
           where
           such
           Earthquakes
           as
           these
           do
           happen
           ,
           there
           commonly
           follows
           storms
           and
           tempestuous
           winds
           ,
           with
           an
           unusual
           smell
           ,
           which
           ariseth
           with
           the
           Earthquake
           out
           of
           the
           earth
           .
           And
           such
           an
           ensuing
           storm
           we
           had
           here
           ,
           in
           ,
           and
           about
           
             Christiana
             ,
          
           upon
           the
           second
           
             Whitsun-holyday
             ,
          
           which
           was
           the
           
             24th
          
           day
           after
           the
           Earthquake
           was
           past
           ,
           when
           we
           poor
           sinners
           ,
           (
           especially
           in
           
             Ackers
             Church
             ,
             )
          
           were
           fain
           to
           get
           out
           in
           all
           hast
           ,
           fearing
           least
           the
           Church
           should
           have
           fallen
           down
           upon
           us
           :
           the
           violence
           of
           which
           storm
           or
           whirlwind
           ,
           continued
           about
           a
           quarter
           of
           an
           hour
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           And
           Earthquakes
           do
           use
           to
           cause
           drought
           ,
           and
           burning
           heat
           in
           the
           air
           ,
           which
           we
           also
           were
           aware
           of
           certain
           
           days
           and
           weeks
           time
           :
           to
           the
           no
           small
           dammage
           of
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           Pestilence
           also
           ,
           and
           other
           poysonous
           diseases
           ,
           do
           commonly
           follow
           after
           great
           Earthquakes
           according
           as
           the
           Air
           and
           Damps
           ,
           which
           in
           such
           Earthquakes
           break
           out
           of
           the
           hollow
           places
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           was
           poysoned
           under
           it
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           poysons
           the
           Air
           above
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           doth
           naturally
           produce
           pernicious
           and
           poysonous
           diseases
           .
           But
           God
           by
           his
           mighty
           power
           can
           graciously
           divert
           all
           these
           things
           ;
           what
           otherwise
           usually
           ensues
           after
           Earthquakes
           ,
           is
           shown
           in
           the
           following
           Chapter
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VI.
           
        
         
           Historical
           Relations
           ,
           what
           by
           experience
           ,
           hath
           commonly
           been
           observed
           to
           follow
           after
           such
           great
           and
           remarkable
           Earthquakes
           .
        
         
           THat
           which
           is
           Recorded
           concerning
           Comets
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           That
           they
           are
           never
           seen
           in
           the
           Air
           or
           Heavens
           ,
           without
           signifying
           some
           great
           and
           remarkable
           judgements
           and
           alterations
           ensuing
           ;
           we
           may
           well
           and
           truly
           both
           say
           and
           write
           ,
           concerning
           such
           remarkable
           and
           great
           Earthquakes
           ,
           that
           they
           do
           signifie
           extraordinary
           great
           mutations
           :
           for
           Histories
           do
           show
           cleerly
           ,
           even
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           world
           ;
           that
           when
           any
           such
           great
           and
           remarkable
           Earthquake
           hath
           hapned
           in
           Nature
           ,
           there
           hath
           followed
           great
           and
           notable
           accidents
           ,
           and
           changes
           upon
           the
           earth
           in
           several
           Countreys
           and
           Kingdoms
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           those
           Earthquakes
           which
           
           are
           Recorded
           to
           have
           hapned
           before
           the
           birth
           of
           Christ
           ,
           I
           will
           not
           speak
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           but
           only
           commemorate
           certain
           of
           the
           most
           notable
           that
           have
           hapned
           since
           ,
           and
           what
           ensued
           afterwards
           in
           divers
           places
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           62.
           
           There
           was
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Rome
             :
          
           and
           the
           year
           following
           ,
           that
           cruel
           Tyrant
           Emperour
           
             Nero
             ,
          
           caused
           the
           City
           of
           
             Rome
          
           to
           be
           set
           on
           fire
           ,
           of
           purpose
           to
           have
           burnt
           it
           quite
           down
           ,
           thereby
           to
           delight
           himselfe
           with
           seeing
           after
           what
           manner
           the
           lamentable
           destruction
           of
           the
           ancient
           and
           famous
           Citie
           of
           
             Troy
          
           was
           .
           And
           when
           the
           fire
           of
           the
           City
           burnt
           with
           greatest
           violence
           :
           he
           went
           up
           to
           the
           highest
           Tower
           ,
           or
           Terret
           of
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           and
           caused
           the
           destruction
           of
           
             Troy
          
           to
           be
           plaid
           ,
           upon
           several
           Musical
           instruments
           ,
           and
           sung
           before
           him
           ;
           that
           fire
           continued
           six
           days
           and
           seven
           nights
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           ,
           80.
           there
           was
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Cypris
             ,
          
           upon
           
           which
           followed
           a
           great
           Plague
           ,
           which
           also
           reacht
           to
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           and
           there
           increased
           mightily
           .
           Thereupon
           ensued
           a
           great
           and
           destructive
           warr
           against
           the
           
             Romans
             :
          
           for
           
             Diurepaneus
          
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             Goths
             ,
          
           advanced
           with
           the
           power
           of
           
             Gothland
          
           over
           the
           River
           
             Danubius
             ,
          
           and
           held
           a
           bloody
           battle
           with
           
             Opius
             Sabinus
             ,
          
           General
           of
           the
           
             Romans
             ,
          
           giving
           him
           and
           his
           Army
           a
           total
           defeat
           ,
           and
           killing
           all
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           scarcely
           escaped
           a
           man
           that
           could
           carry
           the
           
             Romans
          
           any
           certain
           intelligence
           concerning
           it
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           104.
           there
           hapned
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Syria
             ,
          
           for
           certain
           days
           together
           ,
           whereby
           many
           stately
           buildings
           were
           demolished
           ,
           and
           many
           people
           were
           kill'd
           and
           destroy'd
           ;
           and
           it
           followed
           thereupon
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           
             Trajanus
          
           fell
           into
           
             Armenia
          
           with
           a
           great
           power
           ,
           and
           vanquish'd
           it
           ;
           marched
           afterwards
           into
           
             Arbella
             ,
          
           and
           subdued
           the
           
             Parthians
             ,
          
           and
           advanced
           forward
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           
           purposed
           to
           have
           conquer'd
           the
           whole
           World
           :
           having
           great
           fortune
           and
           success
           at
           the
           first
           ;
           but
           afterwards
           the
           
             Jews
          
           rebelled
           against
           the
           
             Romish
          
           power
           ,
           and
           would
           by
           no
           means
           be
           any
           longer
           subject
           to
           them
           :
           wherefore
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           
             Artemone
          
           their
           Leader
           ,
           killed
           and
           destroyed
           in
           
             Cyprus
          
           240000
           men
           ,
           and
           slew
           all
           the
           
             Romans
          
           that
           they
           could
           find
           or
           surprize
           every
           where
           .
           And
           after
           this
           the
           Emperour
           
             Trajanus
          
           raised
           a
           great
           and
           puissant
           Army
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           
             Marcus
             Turbonus
             ,
          
           and
           
             Lucius
             Quietus
             :
          
           and
           sent
           them
           into
           
             Jewry
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Countreys
           thereabouts
           ,
           which
           took
           and
           destroy'd
           all
           that
           came
           before
           them
           :
           and
           did
           conquer
           and
           subdue
           
             Hiberos
             ,
             Sarmatia
             ,
             Agarenos
             ,
             Arabia
             ,
             Bosphorum
             ,
             Colchos
             ,
          
           and
           also
           
             Saleuciam
             ,
             Ctesiphont
             ,
          
           and
           
             Babylon
             .
             Dion
             Ammianus
             lib.
          
           14.
           
        
         
           And
           after
           the
           aforesaid
           Earthquake
           ,
           the
           third
           general
           persecution
           began
           against
           the
           Christians
           ,
           under
           the
           Emperour
           
             Trajanus
             ;
          
           some
           writers
           do
           relate
           ,
           
           that
           it
           was
           as
           impossible
           to
           number
           the
           sand
           in
           the
           Sea
           ,
           as
           to
           compute
           the
           number
           of
           those
           that
           were
           most
           miserably
           Butcher'd
           and
           Martyr'd
           in
           this
           persecution
           ,
           for
           the
           confession
           of
           the
           faith
           of
           Christ
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           111.
           when
           that
           wicked
           Emperour
           lay
           in
           his
           Winter
           quarters
           at
           
             Antioch
             :
          
           there
           hapned
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           again
           :
           so
           that
           the
           Emperour
           
             Trajanus
             ,
          
           caused
           himselfe
           to
           be
           carried
           out
           at
           a
           window
           ,
           and
           remained
           under
           the
           open
           Heavens
           ,
           till
           the
           Earthquake
           was
           past
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           trust
           himselfe
           in
           any
           house
           ,
           or
           under
           any
           roof
           ,
           for
           a
           long
           time
           after
           ;
           and
           thereafter
           followed
           such
           a
           lamentable
           drought
           ,
           exceeding
           hot
           Air
           ,
           mis-growth
           of
           the
           Fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           Famine
           ,
           and
           poysonous
           Pestilence
           ,
           and
           a
           loathsom
           Stink
           from
           the
           earth
           :
           as
           if
           all
           the
           Elements
           had
           conspired
           and
           plotted
           together
           ,
           to
           revenge
           the
           blood
           of
           those
           multitudes
           of
           innocent
           Christians
           ,
           so
           lamentably
           butcher'd
           and
           destroy'd
           by
           that
           in
           humane
           Emperour
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           year
           151.
           there
           was
           much
           harm
           done
           in
           many
           places
           of
           
             Italy
          
           by
           Earthquakes
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           ensued
           a
           fearful
           Plague
           ,
           which
           encreased
           so
           mightily
           there
           ,
           that
           it
           left
           many
           Towns
           wholly
           desolate
           ;
           and
           terrible
           inundations
           of
           Water
           did
           also
           spoyle
           many
           fair
           Cities
           ;
           and
           a
           multitude
           of
           Grashoppers
           devoured
           all
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           almost
           all
           over
           
             Italy
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           240.
           there
           hapned
           another
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Italy
             :
          
           whereby
           many
           Cities
           ,
           and
           much
           people
           did
           perish
           by
           the
           opening
           of
           the
           earth
           ;
           whereupon
           there
           was
           appointed
           ,
           
             (
             ex
             libris
             Sybillinis
             ,
             )
          
           that
           general
           burnt
           offerings
           should
           be
           made
           to
           the
           Gods
           :
           not
           only
           in
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           but
           all
           over
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Empire
           ;
           And
           thereafter
           followed
           that
           very
           great
           &
           destructive
           warr
           ,
           between
           the
           
             Persians
          
           and
           the
           
             Romans
          
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Goths
          
           and
           
             Romans
          
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           :
           to
           the
           great
           weakning
           and
           spoyling
           of
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Empire
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           256.
           there
           sunk
           down
           
           many
           fair
           buildings
           ,
           people
           and
           all
           ;
           especially
           in
           
             Italy
             :
          
           whereupon
           there
           followed
           terrible
           distempers
           all
           over
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Empire
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Provinces
           of
           it
           were
           full
           of
           warrs
           and
           uproars
           :
           and
           there
           was
           such
           a
           mighty
           Plague
           at
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           and
           in
           
             Achaia
             ,
          
           that
           there
           dyed
           at
           
             Rome
          
           in
           one
           day
           5000
           people
           ,
           all
           of
           the
           plague
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           year
           after
           ,
           did
           arise
           the
           Sect
           of
           the
           
             Samosatenians
             ,
          
           by
           
             Paul
             Samosatenus
          
           a
           Bishop
           of
           
             Antioch
             ,
          
           which
           did
           much
           prevail
           ,
           and
           caused
           very
           great
           disturbance
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           God
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           345.
           there
           hapned
           a
           destructive
           Earthquake
           ,
           in
           ,
           and
           about
           
             Antioch
             :
          
           whereby
           many
           Towns
           were
           spoiled
           and
           destroyed
           ,
           and
           it
           continued
           almost
           a
           whole
           year
           :
           sometimes
           ceasing
           ,
           and
           presently
           beginning
           again
           .
           Thereupon
           followed
           a
           great
           warr
           between
           the
           Emperor
           
             Constantine
             ,
          
           and
           his
           Brother
           
             Constantem
             ,
          
           for
           the
           Emperial
           Monarchy
           ,
           wherein
           
             Constantine
          
           was
           beaten
           ,
           and
           overthrown
           by
           
             AnAnquileja
             ,
          
           
           and
           afterwards
           cast
           into
           the
           flood
           
             Alsa
             ,
          
           where
           he
           had
           his
           burial
           .
        
         
           And
           after
           the
           same
           Earthquake
           ,
           did
           also
           happen
           fearful
           Schisms
           and
           differences
           in
           Religion
           :
           for
           the
           Emperour
           
             Constantem
             ,
          
           himselfe
           turn'd
           
             Arian
             ,
          
           and
           caused
           an
           universal
           Synod
           to
           meet
           at
           
             Laodicea
             :
          
           in
           which
           those
           holy
           Fathers
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           Bishops
           ;
           namely
           ,
           
             Athanasius
          
           of
           
             Alexandria
             ,
             Eusebius
          
           of
           
             Vercelis
             ,
             Dionisius
          
           of
           
             Meiland
             ,
             Hillarius
          
           of
           
             Pictavia
             ,
             Paulinus
          
           of
           
             Trier
             ,
          
           and
           many
           other
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           Pope
           
             Julius
          
           himselfe
           were
           deposed
           from
           their
           offices
           and
           places
           ,
           and
           banisht
           .
        
         
           And
           presently
           after
           that
           ,
           did
           the
           
             Socinian
          
           Heresie
           arise
           by
           
             Photinus
             Praesbiterius
             Sirmienses
             ,
          
           which
           filled
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           with
           much
           trouble
           and
           confusion
           .
        
         
           About
           this
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           great
           Synod
           of
           Divines
           met
           at
           
             Sardis
          
           in
           
             Illyrico
             ,
          
           wherein
           were
           Assembled
           376
           Bishops
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           was
           wretchedly
           distracted
           and
           divided
           ;
           
           for
           although
           300
           of
           the
           Bishops
           remained
           constant
           to
           the
           true
           Christian
           faith
           and
           Religion
           :
           yet
           the
           76
           
             Eastern
          
           Bishops
           fell
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           became
           
             Arians
             .
          
           But
           the
           Sect
           of
           the
           
             Socinians
          
           was
           condemned
           by
           both
           sides
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           348
           ,
           there
           hapned
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Campania
             ,
          
           and
           
             Italy
             :
          
           whereby
           
             Dyrachium
          
           was
           wholly
           destroyed
           ,
           and
           
             Rome
          
           shook
           and
           trembled
           for
           the
           space
           of
           three
           days
           and
           nights
           ;
           In
           
             Campania
          
           were
           many
           towns
           quite
           spoiled
           :
           &
           thereupon
           there
           followed
           again
           great
           distractions
           and
           disturbances
           both
           in
           Church
           and
           State
           ▪
           For
           the
           Emperour
           
             Constantem
          
           caused
           two
           general
           Synods
           of
           Divines
           to
           be
           Assembled
           ,
           one
           in
           
             Armenia
          
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           in
           which
           the
           Catholick
           Christian
           faith
           was
           confessed
           and
           maintained
           by
           more
           then
           400
           Fathers
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           at
           
             Saleucia
          
           in
           
             Isauria
             :
          
           wherein
           the
           
             Arian
          
           Heresie
           ,
           was
           by
           a
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           Bishops
           approved
           ,
           justified
           ,
           
           and
           acknowledged
           for
           good
           .
           And
           in
           the
           temporal
           state
           ,
           there
           followed
           a
           long
           and
           destructive
           warr
           between
           the
           Emperour
           
             Constantem
          
           and
           
             Magnentius
             ,
          
           with
           unspeakable
           efusion
           of
           bloud
           on
           both
           sides
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           366.
           there
           hapned
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           all
           over
           the
           world
           ;
           the
           Sea
           broke
           through
           in
           divers
           places
           ,
           doing
           much
           harm
           ;
           At
           
             Constantinople
          
           it
           Hailed
           such
           great
           stones
           ,
           that
           they
           destroyed
           many
           People
           ,
           and
           much
           Cattle
           ;
           
             Nicaee
          
           was
           wholly
           demollished
           to
           the
           very
           ground
           :
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Empire
           was
           fill'd
           with
           warrs
           and
           uproars
           in
           all
           places
           .
           The
           High
           
             Dutch
          
           rob'd
           and
           plunder'd
           in
           
             France
             :
             Sarmatae
             ,
          
           that
           is
           the
           
             Polanders
          
           and
           
             Muscovites
          
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           
             Quadi
             ,
          
           that
           is
           the
           
             Silesians
          
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           invaded
           
             Hungary
             .
          
           The
           
             Saxons
          
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Scots
          
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           fell
           upon
           
             England
             :
          
           the
           
             Goths
          
           did
           what
           they
           listed
           in
           
             Panonia
             ,
          
           and
           overcame
           
             Scythia
             ,
          
           and
           
             Thracia
             ;
          
           the
           
             Persians
          
           subdudued
           
           and
           took
           
             Armenia
             :
          
           so
           that
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Empire
           was
           lamentably
           imbroyled
           :
           and
           it
           proved
           Earthquake
           sufficient
           to
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           those
           Countreys
           and
           Kingdoms
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           of
           Christ
           400.
           
           There
           hapned
           a
           very
           great
           and
           dangerous
           Earthquake
           in
           High
           
             Germany
             ;
          
           and
           the
           Heavens
           lookt
           like
           a
           burning
           flame
           for
           divers
           days
           together
           .
           Thereupon
           it
           followed
           ,
           that
           King
           
             Snie
          
           of
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           waged
           a
           destructive
           warr
           against
           King
           
             Biorn
          
           of
           
             Sweden
             ,
          
           in
           which
           warr
           he
           lost
           his
           own
           life
           ;
           and
           the
           
             Lombards
             ,
          
           together
           with
           a
           great
           resort
           of
           several
           other
           Nations
           ,
           marched
           out
           of
           the
           Countrey
           of
           the
           
             Vandals
          
           300000
           strong
           ,
           over
           the
           
             Rhine
          
           into
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           plunder'd
           it
           quite
           through
           ;
           from
           thence
           they
           advanced
           into
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           where
           they
           did
           the
           like
           ,
           and
           continued
           there
           a
           long
           time
           .
           The
           
             Hunnes
          
           also
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           made
           an
           unspeakable
           warr
           upon
           the
           
             Romans
             :
          
           lost
           in
           one
           battle
           125000
           men
           ,
           but
           slew
           210000
           of
           the
           
             Romans
             ;
          
           shortly
           after
           
           this
           ,
           they
           had
           another
           battle
           again
           ,
           wherein
           the
           
             Hunnes
          
           lost
           40000
           men
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           406.
           there
           hapned
           several
           Earthquakes
           in
           High
           
             Dutchland
             :
          
           especially
           by
           the
           River
           
             Rhine
             .
          
           Thereupon
           King
           
             Rorick
          
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           fell
           into
           High
           
             Dutchland
          
           the
           year
           following
           :
           vanquished
           ,
           subdued
           ,
           and
           possest
           himselfe
           of
           the
           Countrey
           round
           about
           ;
           went
           over
           the
           River
           
             Rhine
             ,
          
           and
           destroyed
           
             Mentz
             ,
             Worms
             ,
             Spire
             ,
          
           and
           
             Trier
             :
          
           ruin'd
           and
           destroyed
           all
           the
           adjacent
           Towns
           :
           so
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           yea
           ,
           even
           nature
           it self
           seemed
           to
           be
           amazed
           ,
           and
           to
           tremble
           at
           his
           approach
           .
           For
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           strange
           )
           when
           he
           came
           before
           the
           City
           of
           
             Metis
             ,
          
           (
           that
           is
           
             Metz
             :
             )
          
           and
           laid
           siege
           unto
           it
           ;
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           City
           walls
           fell
           down
           to
           the
           ground
           by
           an
           Earthquake
           :
           so
           that
           without
           any
           resistance
           ,
           or
           striking
           a
           stroak
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           City
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           412.
           there
           hapned
           many
           Earthquakes
           both
           in
           
             Asia
          
           and
           
             Europe
             .
          
           Whereupon
           ensued
           a
           great
           plague
           of
           
           pestilence
           in
           most
           Countreys
           ;
           and
           also
           a
           most
           terrible
           famine
           and
           scarcity
           ,
           by
           means
           of
           the
           great
           mis-growth
           of
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           .
           Also
           fearful
           Tempests
           ,
           Storms
           ,
           and
           Hail
           ,
           that
           many
           Hailstones
           weigh'd
           eight
           pound
           .
           
             Alaricus
             ,
          
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             West
             Goths
             ,
          
           fell
           into
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           and
           almost
           utterly
           destroyed
           the
           City
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           purposed
           to
           have
           destroyed
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           and
           called
           
             Rome
          
           by
           the
           name
           of
           
             Gothia
             .
          
           And
           after
           these
           Earthquakes
           ,
           did
           also
           arise
           the
           
             Pelagian
          
           heresie
           ,
           by
           
             Pelagius
             ,
          
           an
           
             English
          
           Heretick
           :
           against
           which
           was
           holden
           an
           universal
           Synod
           at
           
             Carthage
             ,
          
           consisting
           of
           270
           Bishops
           :
           amongst
           which
           especially
           was
           St.
           
             Jerom
             ,
          
           and
           St.
           
             Augustine
             ;
          
           also
           
             Attilla
          
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             Hunnes
             ,
          
           began
           to
           tyrannize
           cruelly
           in
           
             Europe
             ,
          
           having
           great
           and
           wonderful
           fortune
           and
           success
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           488.
           there
           hapned
           great
           and
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           in
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Empire
           ,
           for
           a
           moneths
           time
           together
           :
           whereby
           many
           Mountains
           ,
           Castles
           ,
           and
           
           Cities
           ,
           were
           destroyed
           and
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           many
           people
           perished
           .
           And
           it
           ensued
           thereupon
           ,
           that
           
             Odoacer
          
           of
           
             Saxony
             ,
          
           by
           open
           Hostility
           invaded
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           and
           was
           defeated
           three
           times
           by
           King
           
             Diderick
          
           of
           
             Bern
             :
          
           so
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           flye
           for
           refuge
           to
           
             Ravennam
             ,
          
           and
           was
           besieged
           there
           by
           the
           
             Goths
          
           three
           years
           together
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           544.
           there
           hapned
           (
           as
           is
           Recorded
           )
           several
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           ,
           almost
           all
           over
           
             Europe
             :
          
           but
           especially
           at
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           and
           in
           
             Italy
             .
          
           Whereupon
           it
           followed
           ,
           that
           
             Totillas
          
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             East
             Goths
             ,
          
           besieged
           
             Rome
          
           so
           straightly
           ,
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           were
           forced
           to
           eat
           Dogs
           and
           Cats
           for
           hunger
           .
           Afterwards
           he
           took
           the
           City
           ,
           broke
           down
           the
           Walls
           ,
           Fortresses
           ,
           and
           places
           of
           strength
           ,
           plundered
           ,
           and
           destroyed
           all
           that
           came
           before
           him
           ,
           sparing
           none
           ,
           and
           set
           the
           City
           on
           fire
           :
           so
           that
           for
           the
           space
           of
           forty
           days
           ,
           no
           body
           could
           be
           there
           for
           fire
           and
           smoak
           .
           Thus
           was
           
             Rome
          
           utterly
           destroyed
           by
           
           the
           
             Goths
             ,
          
           according
           to
           the
           prediction
           of
           
             Scipio
          
           of
           
             Carthage
             ,
          
           who
           had
           prophesied
           it
           with
           tears
           700
           years
           before
           ,
           when
           the
           
             Romans
          
           burnt
           and
           destroyed
           
             Carthage
             .
          
        
         
           Two
           years
           after
           ,
           the
           same
           King
           
             Totillas
             ,
          
           besieged
           the
           City
           of
           
             Placentia
             ,
          
           so
           long
           ,
           and
           hard
           ,
           that
           the
           Inhabitants
           were
           fain
           to
           eat
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           were
           forc't
           to
           surrender
           up
           the
           City
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           591.
           there
           was
           such
           a
           dreadful
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Antioch
             ,
          
           that
           more
           then
           60000
           persons
           perished
           thereby
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           followed
           an
           extraordinary
           hot
           ,
           and
           dry
           Summer
           ;
           after
           which
           ,
           ensued
           a
           most
           fearful
           famine
           and
           a
           plague
           :
           and
           the
           
             Lombards
          
           with
           much
           blood-shed
           did
           reform
           the
           old
           
             Lombards
          
           gross
           Barbarism
           to
           the
           Christian
           faith
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           832.
           there
           was
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           whereby
           certain
           Citys
           and
           Hills
           were
           quite
           swallowed
           up
           ;
           Thereupon
           arose
           a
           destructive
           
           warr
           ,
           between
           the
           Emperour
           
             Lodovicus
             Pius
             ,
          
           and
           his
           three
           Sonns
           ,
           who
           sought
           by
           open
           warr
           ,
           raised
           against
           their
           Father
           ,
           to
           deprive
           him
           of
           his
           Government
           ;
           these
           three
           sonns
           made
           a
           League
           with
           
             Gregory
          
           the
           
             4th
             ,
          
           Pope
           of
           
             Rome
             ,
          
           who
           threatned
           to
           depose
           the
           Emperour
           
             Lodowick
             .
          
           But
           the
           
             German
          
           Bishops
           stuck
           close
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           and
           said
           that
           if
           the
           Pope
           came
           thither
           to
           excommunicate
           ,
           he
           should
           depart
           thence
           excommunicated
           .
           The
           year
           following
           ,
           namely
           ,
           834.
           
           The
           Emperour
           
             Lodowick
          
           advanced
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           into
           
             Alsatz
             ,
          
           to
           reduce
           his
           seditious
           and
           rebellious
           sonns
           to
           obedience
           and
           submission
           ,
           but
           was
           surprized
           in
           the
           battle
           of
           
             Lugenfield
          
           by
           
             Basell
             ,
          
           and
           
             Lotharins
             .
          
           whom
           
             Lodowick
          
           fully
           impowred
           to
           mannage
           the
           Government
           ,
           together
           with
           himselfe
           ,
           carried
           his
           Father
           prisoner
           a
           long
           time
           about
           with
           him
           ,
           as
           a
           spectacle
           of
           wonder
           .
           At
           this
           the
           Princes
           of
           
             Germany
          
           were
           highly
           displeased
           ,
           and
           desired
           his
           Sons
           ,
           
             Lodowick
          
           
           and
           
             Pipin
             ,
          
           that
           they
           either
           by
           good
           means
           ,
           or
           by
           force
           ,
           would
           procure
           their
           Lord
           and
           Father's
           enlargement
           ,
           if
           they
           expected
           to
           find
           any
           faithful
           friendship
           from
           the
           High
           
             Dutch
             ,
          
           whereupon
           the
           Emperour
           was
           set
           at
           liberty
           again
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           868.
           there
           was
           a
           great
           Comet
           seen
           in
           the
           Air
           :
           after
           which
           followed
           many
           Earthquakes
           ,
           and
           after
           that
           ,
           a
           great
           plague
           :
           and
           there
           did
           arise
           a
           terrible
           warr
           between
           the
           three
           Brothers
           ,
           the
           sons
           of
           the
           Emperour
           
             Lodowick
             ,
          
           which
           of
           them
           should
           get
           and
           enjoy
           the
           Empire
           alone
           .
           The
           
             Danes
          
           sail'd
           over
           and
           invaded
           
             Scotland
             ,
          
           and
           there
           with
           sword
           ,
           fire
           ,
           and
           plundering
           put
           all
           things
           into
           confusion
           :
           went
           afterwards
           into
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           took
           
             Edmund
          
           the
           King
           of
           
             England
          
           prisoner
           in
           a
           Church
           ,
           drag'd
           him
           out
           ,
           and
           hang'd
           him
           up
           on
           a
           tree
           ,
           and
           shot
           his
           body
           full
           of
           Arrows
           ,
           the
           
             20th
          
           day
           of
           
             November
          
           in
           the
           year
           870.
           as
           
             Matthew
             Westmonster
          
           writes
           .
           And
           King
           
           
             Harrald
             Haarfager
          
           waged
           a
           furious
           warr
           in
           
             Norway
             ,
          
           for
           the
           space
           of
           ten
           years
           ;
           subdued
           ,
           and
           expelled
           all
           the
           petty
           Kings
           ,
           and
           turned
           the
           Government
           into
           a
           Monarchy
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           878.
           
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           882.
           the
           
             29th
          
           of
           
             December
             ,
          
           there
           hapned
           a
           fearful
           .
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Germany
             :
          
           whereby
           many
           fair
           houses
           and
           buildings
           in
           
             Worms
          
           were
           destroyed
           .
           Thereupon
           it
           followed
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Normen
          
           and
           
             Danes
          
           under
           the
           conduct
           of
           
             Godfrid
          
           their
           King
           ,
           marched
           to
           the
           River
           
             Rhine
             ,
          
           rob'd
           and
           plunder'd
           all
           wheresoever
           they
           came
           ,
           demolisht
           and
           destroyed
           to
           the
           very
           ground
           ,
           
             Camerich
             ,
             Tornai
             ,
             Arras
             ,
             Tarren
             ,
          
           and
           
             Gent
             :
          
           burnt
           up
           
             Lowen
             ,
             Utrecht
             ,
             Lurich
             ,
             Neus
             ,
             Coln
             ,
             Achen
             ,
          
           and
           
             Gulich
             .
          
           Whereupon
           the
           Emperour
           
             Carolus
             Crassus
          
           was
           sent
           for
           cut
           of
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           by
           the
           
             French
          
           and
           
             German
          
           Princes
           ,
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           Countrey
           against
           the
           tyranny
           of
           the
           
             Normen
             ;
          
           but
           he
           could
           not
           prevail
           by
           force
           of
           Arms
           ,
           and
           therefore
           concluded
           a
           peace
           with
           
           them
           ,
           and
           delivered
           into
           their
           possession
           the
           Province
           of
           
             Newstria
          
           in
           
             France
             ,
          
           to
           be
           their
           own
           free
           inheritance
           :
           which
           is
           called
           by
           them
           now
           at
           this
           day
           ,
           
             Normandia
             ,
          
           or
           
             Normandy
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           983.
           there
           was
           a
           most
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
          
           whereby
           
             Beneventura
          
           and
           
             Capua
          
           were
           destroyed
           .
           Thereupon
           followed
           an
           extraordinary
           drie
           Summer
           ,
           and
           burning
           drought
           ,
           which
           occasioned
           a
           great
           scarcity
           ,
           and
           a
           fearful
           plague
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           990.
           there
           hapned
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           in
           many
           places
           :
           and
           thereupon
           ensued
           fearful
           ,
           and
           incredible
           inundations
           of
           water
           all
           over
           
             Europe
             ;
          
           upon
           which
           followed
           an
           extraordinary
           hot
           and
           dry
           Summer
           ,
           that
           burnt
           up
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           :
           which
           occasioned
           a
           great
           scarcity
           and
           famine
           every
           where
           .
           In
           
             Saxony
             ,
          
           there
           rained
           F●sh
           out
           of
           the
           Air
           ;
           and
           in
           
             Albania
             ,
          
           there
           rained
           Corn
           from
           Heaven
           ,
           but
           unfit
           for
           the
           use
           of
           man.
           The
           Sunn
           was
           
           wholly
           Eclipsed
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           piece
           of
           fire
           fell
           down
           out
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           and
           burnt
           upon
           the
           earth
           ;
           after
           which
           ,
           followed
           a
           most
           terrible
           plague
           :
           so
           that
           the
           living
           which
           bare
           the
           dead
           (
           to
           their
           graves
           )
           fell
           down
           dead
           themselves
           ,
           and
           were
           buried
           together
           ;
           and
           there
           came
           much
           fire
           from
           the
           River
           of
           
             Rhine
          
           also
           ,
           by
           which
           many
           of
           the
           adjacent
           Towns
           and
           Villages
           were
           wholly
           burnt
           up
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1085.
           there
           hapned
           a
           fearful
           Earthquake
           in
           
             England
             :
          
           whereby
           many
           houses
           were
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           much
           harm
           done
           ;
           and
           it
           followed
           thereupon
           ,
           that
           King
           
             William
          
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           caused
           all
           his
           Subjects
           annual
           Profits
           ,
           Estates
           ,
           and
           Incomes
           ,
           of
           every
           kind
           ,
           both
           of
           Corn-land
           ,
           Medows
           ,
           Woods
           ,
           Pastures
           ,
           Cattle
           ,
           and
           Sheep
           ,
           and
           every
           thing
           they
           had
           to
           live
           upon
           ,
           to
           be
           Registred
           :
           and
           accordingly
           required
           great
           contribution
           of
           the
           Countrey
           :
           which
           caused
           danger
           ous
           civil
           tumults
           ,
           uproars
           ,
           and
           discontents
           in
           the
           Land
           ;
           
           and
           there
           followed
           also
           a
           very
           unfruitfull
           year
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1085.
           there
           hapned
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Lorain
             ;
          
           whereupon
           there
           followed
           a
           fierce
           plague
           ,
           and
           suddain
           death
           of
           people
           .
           And
           the
           same
           year
           ,
           there
           was
           unspeakable
           harm
           done
           in
           the
           
             Netherlands
             ,
          
           by
           great
           and
           unusual
           inundations
           of
           water
           ,
           both
           to
           people
           and
           Cattle
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1126.
           there
           was
           another
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Italy
          
           which
           lasted
           40
           days
           .
           Thereupon
           followed
           a
           lamentable
           mis-growth
           of
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           a
           most
           miserable
           famine
           ,
           as
           also
           a
           destructive
           and
           bloody
           warr
           between
           the
           Emperour
           
             Lotharius
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             German
          
           Princes
           :
           and
           between
           the
           
             Bohemians
             ,
          
           and
           
             Conrad
             ,
          
           Duke
           of
           
             Frankenland
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1135.
           there
           were
           several
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           heard
           of
           ,
           both
           in
           
             England
          
           and
           in
           
             Germany
             ;
          
           whereby
           many
           houses
           were
           thrown
           down
           ;
           the
           fire
           also
           burnt
           fearfully
           out
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           
           for
           certain
           days
           together
           ,
           and
           could
           not
           be
           quenched
           by
           water
           ,
           nor
           by
           any
           other
           kind
           of
           thing
           .
           And
           besides
           that
           ,
           there
           was
           very
           great
           mischief
           done
           in
           many
           places
           of
           
             Germany
          
           by
           other
           fire
           :
           
             Mentz
          
           and
           its
           Cathedral
           was
           burnt
           :
           in
           the
           Cities
           of
           
             Spire
             ,
          
           and
           
             Strasborg
             ,
          
           many
           Churches
           and
           Cloysters
           were
           laid
           in
           Ashes
           :
           
             Ausburg
          
           was
           almost
           quite
           burnt
           up
           ,
           and
           a
           third
           part
           of
           
             Goslar
             ▪
             Hall
          
           in
           
             Saxony
             ,
          
           flew
           up
           into
           the
           air
           in
           a
           smoak
           :
           and
           the
           next
           year
           following
           ,
           there
           was
           such
           an
           extream
           hot
           ,
           and
           dry
           Summer
           ,
           that
           the
           waters
           in
           great
           Rivers
           ,
           Channels
           ,
           and
           streams
           ,
           contrary
           to
           Nature
           ,
           did
           so
           diminish
           ,
           that
           men
           might
           have
           gone
           dry-shod
           over
           ,
           where
           great
           Ships
           used
           to
           sail
           ;
           the
           Wells
           and
           Springs
           also
           became
           dried
           up
           in
           many
           places
           ,
           that
           many
           men
           fainted
           and
           dyed
           of
           thirst
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Cattle
           :
           yea
           many
           Buildings
           and
           countrey
           Villages
           were
           set
           on
           fire
           by
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           and
           it
           caused
           a
           terrible
           famine
           in
           
             Europe
             .
          
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1155.
           there
           fell
           many
           
           houses
           down
           in
           
             Burgundy
             ,
          
           and
           thereafter
           followed
           a
           great
           dissention
           between
           the
           Emperour
           
             Frederick
             Babarosa
             ,
          
           
           and
           the
           
             Pope
          
           of
           
             Rome
             :
          
           which
           continued
           many
           years
           with
           much
           efusion
           of
           blood
           :
           until
           the
           Emperour
           was
           openly
           excommunicated
           out
           of
           the
           
             Romish
          
           Church
           ,
           and
           suffer'd
           himselfe
           to
           be
           publikely
           absolved
           in
           St.
           
             Marks
             Church
          
           in
           
             Venice
             ;
          
           where
           
             Pope
             Alexander
          
           was
           not
           therewith
           contented
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperour
           went
           bare-leg'd
           to
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           there
           kneeled
           on
           his
           bare
           knees
           ,
           with
           Prayer
           and
           Fasting
           ,
           for
           his
           offence
           committed
           against
           him
           :
           but
           the
           Pope
           also
           shamelesly
           trode
           upon
           his
           neck
           with
           his
           feet
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1194.
           there
           was
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           in
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           and
           it
           followed
           thereupon
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Vandals
          
           fell
           from
           the
           
             Danish
          
           Crown
           ,
           forsook
           their
           Christian
           faith
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           the
           former
           idolatrous
           worship
           again
           ;
           whereupon
           
           King
           
             Knute
          
           of
           
             Denmark
          
           raised
           all
           the
           power
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           caused
           the
           
             Schleswickers
          
           to
           prepare
           130
           Ships
           ,
           the
           
             Reepers
          
           120
           ,
           the
           
             Wendsussellers
          
           50
           ,
           the
           
             Fyeners
          
           100
           ,
           the
           
             Sealanders
          
           120
           ,
           the
           men
           of
           
             Skone
             150
             ,
          
           in
           all
           670
           ships
           :
           and
           therewith
           fell
           upon
           
             Knute
             ,
          
           King
           of
           the
           
             Vandals
             :
          
           who
           destroyed
           and
           kill'd
           all
           that
           came
           before
           them
           ,
           and
           carried
           away
           much
           plunder
           of
           Goods
           and
           Cattle
           out
           of
           the
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1300.
           there
           hapned
           a
           fearful
           Earthquake
           almost
           all
           over
           
             Europe
             ;
          
           thereupon
           followed
           an
           unusual
           dry
           Summer
           ,
           with
           extraordinary
           heat
           :
           so
           that
           in
           
             Denmark
             ,
          
           and
           the
           small
           Islands
           ,
           men
           scarcely
           knew
           where
           to
           find
           any
           fresh
           water
           in
           any
           place
           .
        
         
           And
           in
           
             Italy
          
           there
           arose
           such
           a
           fearful
           civil
           warr
           and
           dissention
           between
           two
           Princely
           Families
           ,
           called
           the
           
             Guelphs
             ,
          
           and
           
             Gibilines
             ,
          
           that
           it
           had
           neer
           ruin'd
           whole
           
             Italy
             .
          
        
         
           It
           will
           be
           needless
           to
           write
           any
           thing
           more
           out
           of
           History
           ,
           concerning
           Earthquakes
           ,
           
           and
           what
           remarkable
           things
           have
           always
           ensued
           ;
           for
           from
           those
           many
           that
           are
           Recorded
           ,
           it
           may
           sufficiently
           be
           seen
           ,
           that
           Earthquakes
           signify
           no
           great
           good
           to
           Countreys
           and
           Kingdoms
           :
           but
           God
           ,
           by
           his
           Almighty
           power
           ,
           can
           divert
           much
           evil
           .
        
      
       
         
           A
           Theological
           conclusion
           ,
           with
           some
           instructions
           out
           of
           the
           Holy
           and
           infallible
           word
           of
           God
           :
           what
           Earthquakes
           do
           signifie
           and
           teach
           unto
           us
           .
        
         
           
             NOw
             when
             we
             enter
             into
             the
             Sanctuary
             of
             God
             :
             that
             is
             ,
             into
             his
             Holy
             and
             infallible
             Word
             ,
             and
             there
             seek
             and
             enquire
             diligently
             for
             right
             instructions
             concerning
             Earthquakes
             :
             then
             we
             shall
             receive
             this
             information
             .
          
           viz.
           That
           God
           did
           create
           the
           world
           at
           first
           ,
           that
           it
           should
           be
           ,
           and
           remain
           fixt
           and
           unmoveable
           :
           
             concerning
             which
             ,
             
             the
             Scripture
             giveth
             this
             testimony
             .
          
           1
           Chron.
           16.
           30.
           
           Fear
           ye
           the
           Lord
           all
           the
           earth
           ,
           the
           world
           also
           shall
           be
           stable
           ,
           that
           it
           be
           not
           moved
           .
           
             And
             also
          
           Psalm
           89.
           12.
           
             and
          
           102.
           25.
           
           In
           fundasti
           terram
           ,
           Thou
           hast
           laid
           the
           foundation
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           is
           in
           it
           .
           
             Also
          
           Psalm
           .
           104.
           5.
           
           Who
           laid
           the
           foundations
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           it
           should
           not
           be
           removed
           for
           ever
           .
           
             Also
          
           Prov
           ,
           3.
           19.
           
           The
           Lord
           by
           wisdom
           hath
           founded
           the
           earth
           .
           
             And
          
           Isai
           .
           48.
           13.
           
           Mine
           hand
           also
           hath
           laid
           the
           foundations
           of
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           From
           whence
           ,
           and
           other
           the
           like
           Oracles
           of
           the
           wholly
           Scripture
           ,
           we
           may
           cleerly
           discern
           and
           understand
           ,
           that
           God
           did
           not
           create
           the
           earth
           so
           loose
           and
           unfixed
           in
           the
           beginning
           ,
           that
           it
           should
           shake
           ,
           tremble
           ,
           and
           quake
           ,
           but
           always
           to
           remain
           steady
           ,
           and
           unmoveable
           .
           2
           
             Pet.
          
           3.
           5.
           
        
         
           But
           when
           the
           Earth
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           fixed
           nature
           of
           its
           Creation
           ,
           shall
           tremble
           ,
           quake
           ,
           and
           shake
           ;
           then
           there
           must
           certainly
           be
           some
           extraordinary
           and
           
           important
           causes
           :
           of
           it
           whereof
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           more
           especially
           intimateth
           two
           ;
           which
           moveth
           God
           to
           permit
           and
           produce
           such
           great
           and
           terrible
           Earthquakes
           ;
           namely
           .
           First
           ,
           
             When
             the
             wickednesse
             of
             men
             is
             great
             upon
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             earth
             is
             corrupt
             ,
             and
             filled
             with
             violence
             ,
             Gen.
          
           6.
           5
           ,
           11
           ,
           13.
           
           Then
           is
           the
           Righteous
           and
           just
           wrath
           of
           God
           provoked
           to
           move
           the
           earth
           himselfe
           ,
           and
           cause
           her
           to
           tremble
           ,
           
             thereby
             to
             destroy
             men
             ,
             yea
             even
             the
             earth
             it self
             also
             .
             Gen.
             6.
             13.
             
             By
             removing
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             they
             know
             not
             ,
             which
             he
             overturneth
             in
             his
             anger
             ,
             when
             he
             causeth
             the
             earth
             to
             be
             shaken
             out
             of
             its
             place
             ,
             that
             the
             pillars
             thereof
             do
             tremble
             ,
          
           as
           
             Job
          
           speaketh
           ,
           
             chap.
          
           9.
           5
           ,
           6.
           
        
         
           
             Concerning
             which
             ,
             the
             Holy
             scriptures
             do
             give
             this
             further
             testimony
             ,
          
           Exod.
           15.
           12.
           when
           thou
           strechedst
           out
           thy
           right
           hand
           the
           earth
           swallowed
           them
           .
           
             Psal
             .
          
           18.
           7.
           
           The
           earth
           shook
           and
           trembled
           ,
           the
           foundations
           also
           of
           the
           Hills
           moved
           ,
           and
           were
           shaken
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           wroth
           .
           
             And
             
             Psal
             .
          
           104.
           32.
           
           He
           beholdeth
           the
           earth
           and
           it
           trembleth
           ,
           he
           toucheth
           the
           Mountains
           and
           they
           smoak
           .
           
             And
             concerning
             such
             Earthquakes
             ,
             the
             Prophet
          
           Isaiah
           
             teacheth
             thus
             ,
          
           Chap.
           13.
           13.
           
           The
           earth
           shall
           be
           removed
           out
           of
           her
           place
           ,
           by
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           Lord
           of
           Hosts
           ,
           in
           the
           day
           of
           his
           fierce
           anger
           .
           
             And
          
           chap.
           24.
           18
           ,
           19
           ,
           20.
           
           The
           foundations
           of
           the
           earth
           do
           shake
           ,
           the
           earth
           is
           utterly
           broken
           down
           ,
           the
           earth
           is
           clean
           dissolved
           ,
           the
           earth
           is
           moved
           exceedingly
           ,
           the
           earth
           shall
           reel
           to
           and
           fro
           like
           a
           drunken
           man.
           
             And
             Isai
             .
          
           29.
           6.
           
           Thou
           shalt
           be
           visited
           of
           the
           Lord
           of
           Hosts
           with
           Thunder
           ,
           and
           with
           Earthquakes
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           noise
           :
           with
           storms
           and
           tempests
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           flame
           of
           a
           devouring
           fire
           .
           
             Also
             Nahum
          
           1.
           5
           ,
           6.
           
           The
           mountains
           quake
           at
           him
           ,
           the
           hills
           melt
           ,
           and
           the
           earth
           is
           burnt
           at
           his
           presence
           ,
           
             &c.
             
             Now
             where
             God
             in
             his
             wrath
             hath
             thus
             shaken
             the
             earth
             ,
             there
             her
             inhabitants
             might
             very
             well
             sigh
             deeply
             ,
             and
             pray
             with
          
           David
           
             in
             Psal
             .
          
           60.
           2.
           
           O
           God
           thou
           hast
           made
           the
           earth
           to
           tremble
           ,
           
           thou
           hast
           broken
           it
           ,
           heal
           the
           breaches
           thereof
           ,
           for
           it
           shaketh
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           when
           God
           hath
           been
           about
           to
           do
           some
           extraordinary
           thing
           upon
           the
           earth
           ,
           or
           make
           any
           remarkable
           alteration
           in
           Countreys
           and
           Kingdoms
           ;
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           do
           testifie
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           made
           known
           by
           preceding
           Earthquakes
           ,
           as
           by
           so
           many
           
             prodomos
          
           or
           Harbingers
           ;
           As
           for
           example
           ,
           when
           God
           himselfe
           descended
           down
           after
           an
           especial
           manner
           upon
           mount
           
             Sinai
             ,
          
           and
           there
           gave
           his
           wholly
           Law
           to
           the
           
             Isralites
             ,
          
           for
           the
           direction
           of
           themselves
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           
             Then
             did
             the
             whole
             Mount
             greatly
             quake
             ,
          
           Exod.
           19.
           18.
           
        
         
           And
           when
           God
           brought
           his
           people
           out
           of
           
             Egypt
             ,
          
           (
           though
           
             Moses
          
           hath
           not
           recorded
           that
           any
           Earthquake
           hapned
           then
           ,
           )
           yet
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           do
           show
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           not
           done
           without
           a
           notable
           Earthquake
           :
           by
           which
           the
           red
           Sea
           was
           divided
           in
           that
           place
           that
           the
           children
           of
           
             Israel
          
           went
           through
           ,
           and
           
           was
           so
           dry
           for
           the
           space
           of
           about
           sixty
           miles
           ,
           as
           the
           Tables
           of
           
             Cosmography
          
           do
           shew
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Israelites
          
           could
           go
           thorow
           dry-shod
           ,
           
             Exod.
          
           14.
           21
           ,
           22.
           
           As
           
             Deborah
          
           the
           Prophetesse
           and
           Judge
           ,
           and
           
             Barack
          
           the
           son
           of
           
             Abinoam
          
           the
           Captain
           ,
           do
           testifie
           concerning
           this
           in
           their
           song
           of
           praise
           ,
           
             Judg.
             5.
             4
             ,
             5.
             when
             the
             Lord
             went
             out
             of
             Seir
             ,
             and
             marched
             out
             of
             the
             fields
             of
             Edom
             ,
             the
             earth
             trembled
             ,
             and
             the
             mountains
             melted
             from
             before
             the
             Lord.
          
           And
           with
           this
           agreeth
           that
           of
           
             Asaph
             ,
          
           one
           of
           King
           
             Davids
          
           chief
           Musitians
           ,
           
             Psal
             .
          
           77.
           16
           ,
           and
           18.
           
           
             The
             waters
             saw
             thee
             O
             God
             ,
             the
             waters
             saw
             thee
             and
             were
             afraid
             ,
          
           &c.
           
             the
             voice
             of
             thy
             Thunder
             was
             in
             the
             Heavens
             :
             thy
             Lightning
             lightned
             the
             world
             ,
             the
             earth
             trembled
             and
             shook
             .
          
           And
           that
           none
           should
           doubt
           that
           this
           hapned
           at
           the
           very
           same
           time
           when
           the
           children
           of
           
             Israel
          
           came
           out
           of
           
             Egypt
             .
             Asaph
          
           concludeth
           the
           aforesaid
           
             Psalm
          
           with
           these
           words
           in
           the
           last
           verse
           ,
           
             Thou
             leddest
             thy
             
             people
             like
             a
             flock
             ,
             by
             the
             hand
             of
             Moses
             and
             Aaron
             .
          
        
         
           Moreover
           ,
           when
           God
           would
           in
           an
           especial
           manner
           ,
           appear
           unto
           that
           precious
           man
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           Prophet
           
             Elias
          
           upon
           mount
           
             Horeb
             ,
          
           and
           there
           verbally
           instruct
           him
           ,
           what
           he
           in
           the
           Lords
           behalf
           should
           do
           in
           several
           Kingdoms
           ;
           Then
           there
           hapned
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           before
           ,
           but
           the
           Lord
           was
           not
           in
           the
           Earthquake
           ,
           as
           we
           may
           read
           in
           1
           
             Kin.
          
           19.
           11.
           
        
         
           It
           is
           also
           Recorded
           by
           the
           Prophet
           ,
           
             Amos
             ,
          
           that
           there
           hapned
           in
           
             Jewry
          
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           in
           the
           days
           of
           
             Uzziah
          
           king
           of
           
             Judah
             ,
          
           and
           of
           
             Jeroboam
          
           the
           son
           of
           
             Joash
          
           king
           of
           
             Israel
             ;
          
           and
           
             Amos
          
           was
           called
           by
           God
           two
           years
           before
           the
           said
           Earthquake
           ,
           from
           amongst
           the
           Heardsmen
           of
           
             Tekoa
             ,
          
           to
           preach
           and
           reprove
           sharply
           the
           great
           and
           manifold
           fins
           which
           did
           then
           abound
           in
           all
           the
           Countreys
           thereabouts
           :
           as
           we
           may
           read
           in
           the
           first
           chapter
           of
           
             Amos
             ,
             ver
             .
             2.
             
             &c.
          
           and
           in
           the
           following
           Chapters
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           this
           same
           Earthquake
           was
           no
           small
           one
           ,
           we
           may
           sufficiently
           understand
           by
           that
           prophetical
           Doctrine
           ,
           which
           the
           Prophet
           
             Zachary
          
           preached
           unto
           his
           Auditors
           certain
           hundreds
           of
           years
           after
           :
           when
           he
           putteth
           the
           remnant
           of
           the
           people
           of
           
             Israel
          
           that
           were
           returned
           home
           from
           their
           70
           years
           
             Babylonish
          
           captivity
           ,
           in
           mind
           :
           and
           did
           then
           cause
           them
           plainly
           to
           understand
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Earthquake
           ,
           was
           a
           great
           ,
           terrible
           ,
           and
           dreadful
           one
           ;
           for
           the
           Prophet
           writes
           thus
           ,
           
             Zac.
             14.
             5.
             ye
             shall
             flee
             ,
             like
             as
             ye
             fled
             from
             before
             the
             Earthquake
             in
             the
             days
             of
             Uzziah
             King
             of
             Judah
             .
          
        
         
           As
           for
           the
           new
           Testament
           ,
           therein
           do
           the
           Holy
           Evangelists
           make
           mention
           ,
           concerning
           several
           Earthquakes
           that
           hapned
           in
           those
           times
           .
        
         
           The
           Evangelist
           St.
           
             Matthew
          
           in
           
             chap.
          
           27.
           51.
           and
           forward
           ;
           writes
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           time
           of
           the
           death
           of
           
             Jesus
             Christ
             ,
             
             the
             vail
             of
             the
             Temple
             was
             rent
             in
             twain
             from
             the
             top
             to
             the
             bottom
             ,
             and
             the
             earth
             did
             quake
             ,
             and
             the
             rocks
             rent
             ,
             and
             the
             graves
             opened
             :
          
           So
           that
           the
           Centurion
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           were
           with
           him
           watching
           
             Jesus
             ,
          
           when
           they
           saw
           the
           Earthquake
           ,
           and
           those
           things
           that
           were
           done
           ,
           feared
           greatly
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           Earthquake
           ,
           doubtlesse
           the
           Lord
           for
           his
           part
           did
           show
           his
           fierce
           wrath
           against
           those
           that
           had
           dealt
           so
           unmercifully
           with
           his
           only
           beloved
           son
           :
           and
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Christ
           himself
           did
           also
           show
           his
           enemies
           ,
           how
           easily
           he
           could
           have
           caused
           the
           earth
           in
           that
           Earthquake
           ,
           to
           have
           opened
           under
           them
           ,
           and
           suffered
           them
           altogether
           ,
           like
           the
           seditious
           
             Korah
             ,
             Dathan
             ,
          
           and
           
             Abiram
             ,
          
           in
           former
           time
           ,
           with
           all
           their
           retinue
           ,
           wives
           and
           children
           ,
           to
           have
           sunk
           down
           alive
           into
           Hell
           ,
           
             Numb
             .
          
           16.
           
           But
           our
           most
           Gracious
           and
           patient
           Saviour
           ,
           was
           not
           come
           then
           to
           destroy
           ,
           but
           to
           redeem
           and
           deliver
           mankind
           
           from
           the
           wrath
           and
           righteous
           judgements
           of
           God
           
             Luk
          
           9.
           56.
           
           And
           therefore
           not
           one
           
             Jew
          
           of
           the
           enemies
           of
           Christ
           perished
           in
           this
           Earthquake
           ,
           but
           the
           long
           suffering
           of
           God
           did
           hereby
           yet
           seek
           to
           draw
           them
           to
           repentance
           ,
           
             Rom.
          
           2.
           4.
           
        
         
           Also
           at
           the
           time
           of
           our
           Lord
           Jesus
           Christ
           his
           Resurrection
           :
           there
           hapned
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           again
           ,
           concerning
           which
           ,
           the
           above
           named
           Evangelist
           St.
           
             Matthew
          
           writeth
           thus
           ,
           
             chap.
             28.
             2
             ,
             4.
             
             Behold
             there
             was
             a
             great
             Earthquake
             ,
          
           &c.
           
             and
             the
             keepers
             did
             shake
             ,
             and
             became
             as
             dead
             men
             .
          
        
         
           Concerning
           this
           Earthquake
           ,
           Divines
           a●e
           of
           several
           opinions
           :
           for
           some
           think
           that
           this
           Earthquake
           hapned
           ,
           
             sub
             descensu
             Christi
             ad
             inferos
             ,
          
           when
           Christ
           descended
           into
           Hell
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           lowermost
           ,
           or
           innermost
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           as
           St.
           
             Paul
          
           writeth
           ,
           
             Eph
             ,
          
           4.
           9.
           
           And
           then
           presently
           did
           a
           mighty
           great
           conflict
           begin
           ,
           between
           the
           Prince
           of
           darkness
           
           (
           the
           
             Devil
             )
          
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           that
           would
           have
           preserved
           his
           Pallace
           ,
           and
           kept
           what
           he
           had
           in
           peace
           ,
           
             Luk
          
           11.
           21.
           
           And
           the
           Prince
           of
           life
           ,
           and
           Lord
           of
           Glory
           ,
           the
           Lord
           
             Jesus
             Christ
             ,
          
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           that
           is
           called
           a
           stronger
           then
           he
           ,
           that
           came
           upon
           him
           to
           overcome
           him
           ,
           
             Luk
          
           11.
           22.
           
           And
           by
           this
           great
           and
           powerful
           conflict
           ,
           Christ
           redeemed
           mankind
           ,
           
             and
             took
             away
             the
             power
             from
             him
             that
             had
             the
             power
             over
             death
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             the
             Devil
             )
             and
             delivered
             them
             ,
             who
             through
             fear
             of
             death
             ,
             were
             all
             there
             life
             time
             subject
             to
             bondage
             ,
             Heb.
          
           2.
           14.
           15.
           wherein
           the
           Devil
           with
           all
           the
           powers
           of
           Hell
           ,
           strived
           mightily
           to
           oppose
           him
           ,
           but
           Christ
           gets
           the
           victory
           at
           last
           ,
           
             having
             spoiled
             the
             principalities
             and
             powers
             ,
             he
             made
             a
             shew
             of
             them
             openly
             ,
             triumphing
             over
             them
             in
             it
             .
          
           as
           St.
           
             Paul
          
           writes
           ,
           
             Collos
             .
          
           2.
           15.
           and
           that
           according
           to
           his
           own
           prophesie
           by
           the
           Prophet
           
             Hosea
             ,
             chap.
          
           13.
           14.
           where
           he
           in
           time
           of
           old
           speaketh
           thus
           ,
           
             O
             death
             I
             
             will
             be
             thy
             plagues
             ,
             O
             grave
             I
             will
             be
             thy
             destruction
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           at
           such
           a
           mighty
           contest
           ,
           hapning
           in
           hell
           ,
           or
           the
           innermost
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           :
           could
           not
           the
           earth
           contein
           it self
           ,
           but
           was
           forced
           thereby
           to
           shake
           ,
           tremble
           ,
           and
           quake
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Evangelist
           might
           well
           say
           :
           
             Lo
             there
             was
             a
             great
             Earthquake
             .
          
        
         
           
             Concerning
             this
             ,
          
           Luther
           
             writes
             thus
             .
          
           Annotante
           D.
           Johanne
           Gerhardo
           Homil.
           Sacr.
           parte
           2.
           super
           Feria
           ,
           pasch
           .
           1
           Concione
           3.
           in
           hoc
           terrae
           motu
           ,
           Christus
           ad
           inferos
           descendit
           ,
           Satanam
           ligavit
           ,
           captivam
           duxit
           captivitatem
           ,
           infernum
           destruxit
           ,
           claves
           abstulit
           ,
           morti
           praedam
           ,
           eripuit
           ,
           &c.
           
           
             That
             is
             ,
             in
             this
             Earthquake
             Christ
             descended
             into
             Hell
             ,
             bound
             Satan
             ,
             took
             captivity
             captive
             ,
             spoyled
             hell
             ,
             and
             carried
             away
             the
             keys
             ,
             and
             took
             away
             the
             prey
             of
             death
             from
             him
             .
          
        
         
           Other
           Divines
           ,
           especially
           those
           that
           are
           preachers
           ,
           are
           of
           this
           opinion
           ;
           
           that
           this
           Earthquake
           hapned
           at
           the
           time
           of
           Christs
           Resurrection
           ,
           which
           was
           upon
           
             Easter-day
          
           in
           the
           morning
           ;
           thereby
           shewing
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           earth
           at
           the
           time
           of
           Christs
           death
           ,
           did
           quake
           and
           tremble
           in
           compassion
           of
           the
           bitter
           pain
           ,
           and
           innocent
           death
           of
           its
           Lord
           and
           Creator
           ;
           so
           by
           a
           particular
           great
           Earthquake
           ,
           she
           did
           now
           rejoyce
           again
           at
           his
           Resurrection
           :
           and
           did
           leap
           and
           dance
           ,
           for
           joy
           of
           the
           victory
           and
           conquest
           obtained
           by
           Jesus
           Christ
           :
           and
           as
           it
           were
           with
           both
           hands
           (
           to
           speak
           after
           the
           fashion
           of
           men
           )
           delivered
           her
           Lord
           and
           Creator
           from
           her
           ,
           which
           now
           she
           had
           inclosed
           in
           her
           to
           the
           third
           day
           .
        
         
           Each
           of
           these
           Divines
           opinions
           do
           I
           allow
           to
           be
           worthy
           and
           Godly
           :
           forasmuch
           as
           neither
           of
           them
           do
           in
           the
           least
           oppose
           the
           Holy
           Scriptures
           .
        
         
           But
           besides
           this
           ,
           the
           Evangelist
           St.
           
             Luke
          
           Recordeth
           ,
           that
           when
           
             Peter
          
           had
           preached
           that
           excellent
           Sermon
           in
           
             Jerusalem
             ,
          
           
           in
           the
           great
           festival
           of
           
             Whitsontide
             ,
          
           concerning
           the
           death
           of
           Christ
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           his
           glorious
           and
           victorious
           Resurrection
           from
           the
           dead
           on
           the
           other
           :
           and
           then
           by
           the
           same
           Sermon
           converted
           about
           5000
           men
           to
           the
           faith
           and
           confession
           of
           Christ
           ,
           
             Act.
          
           4.
           4.
           
           After
           the
           same
           Sermon
           ,
           with
           the
           unanimous
           ,
           and
           earnest
           prayers
           ,
           supplications
           ,
           and
           thanksgiving
           of
           the
           faithful
           were
           ended
           ;
           it
           is
           mentioned
           in
           the
           31
           verse
           of
           the
           afore
           named
           Chapter
           ,
           
             that
             the
             place
             was
             shaken
             wherein
             they
             were
             assembled
             together
             ,
             and
             they
             were
             all
             filled
             with
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             ,
             and
             spake
             the
             word
             with
             boldness
             .
          
        
         
           
             And
             again
             ,
             when
          
           Paul
           
             and
          
           Silas
           were
           cast
           into
           prison
           in
           Philippi
           ,
           the
           chief
           City
           of
           that
           part
           of
           Macedonia
           Act.
           16.
           12.
           
             and
             they
             then
             in
             the
             prison
             prayed
             and
             sang
             praises
             to
             God
             ,
          
           there
           was
           suddenly
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           foundations
           of
           the
           prison
           were
           shaken
           ,
           and
           immediately
           all
           the
           doors
           were
           opened
           ,
           and
           
           every
           ones
           bands
           were
           loosned
           .
           
             ibid.
          
           ver
           .
           26.
           
             so
             that
             the
             Keeper
             and
             all
             his
             house
             were
             thereby
             converted
             to
             the
             faith
             of
             Christ
             ,
             and
             were
             baptized
             ,
          
           ver
           .
           33.
           &c.
           
        
         
           I
           will
           not
           now
           speak
           concerning
           what
           the
           Evangelist
           St.
           
             John
          
           Records
           in
           his
           Book
           of
           the
           
             Revelations
             ,
             chap.
          
           6.
           12.
           8.
           5.
           11.
           13
           ,
           19.
           and
           16.
           18.
           
           Because
           generally
           Divines
           ,
           and
           the
           faithful
           Teachers
           of
           the
           Christian
           Church
           do
           expound
           those
           things
           Allegorically
           :
           and
           do
           understand
           thereby
           ,
           the
           great
           and
           terrible
           persecutions
           and
           efusion
           of
           blood
           ,
           which
           the
           Church
           of
           Christ
           hath
           partly
           suffered
           ,
           now
           lyeth
           under
           ,
           &
           hereafter
           shall
           suffer
           by
           means
           of
           divers
           Heretiques
           ,
           false
           Teachers
           ,
           and
           Tyrants
           which
           will
           assist
           them
           ,
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           the
           world
           :
           from
           whom
           the
           Lord
           in
           mercy
           preserve
           these
           Countreys
           and
           Kingdoms
           for
           Jesus
           Christ
           his
           sake
           .
        
         
           But
           that
           most
           serious
           prophesie
           
           which
           Jesus
           Christ
           the
           foundation
           and
           mouth
           of
           Truth
           ,
           as
           a
           true
           Prophet
           ,
           did
           prophesie
           and
           leave
           unto
           his
           Church
           ,
           concerning
           such
           Earthquakes
           as
           should
           really
           happen
           before
           his
           last
           Glorious
           appearance
           ,
           ought
           by
           no
           means
           to
           be
           here
           forgotten
           or
           omitted
           .
           And
           Christ
           himselfe
           hath
           prophesied
           concerning
           Earthquakes
           toward
           the
           end
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           after
           this
           manner
           ,
           
             Mat.
             24.
             7.
             and
             there
             shall
             be
             famines
             ,
             and
             pestilences
             and
             Earthquakes
             in
             divers
             places
             .
          
           And
           
             Mar
             13.
             8.
             there
             shall
             be
             Earthquakes
             in
             divers
             places
             ,
             famines
             and
             troubles
             .
          
           Also
           
             Luk
             21.
             11.
             
             And
             great
             Earthquakes
             shall
             be
             in
             divers
             places
             ,
             and
             famizes
             ,
             and
             pestilences
             ,
             and
             fearful
             sights
             ,
             and
             great
             signs
             ,
             shall
             there
             be
             from
             Heaven
             .
          
        
         
           From
           whence
           it
           may
           be
           concluded
           ,
           that
           when
           God
           Almighty
           now
           in
           these
           last
           times
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           doth
           permit
           such
           great
           and
           spacious
           Earthquakes
           ,
           so
           many
           miles
           in
           length
           to
           happen
           ;
           
           men
           ought
           not
           lightly
           and
           carelesly
           to
           slight
           them
           ,
           and
           think
           no
           more
           of
           them
           :
           but
           to
           regard
           and
           receive
           them
           ,
           as
           signifying
           partly
           ,
           some
           certain
           new
           ,
           and
           unusual
           accident
           impending
           ,
           or
           approaching
           .
           And
           partly
           as
           the
           infallible
           
             prodomos
             ,
          
           or
           forerunners
           of
           the
           last
           day
           :
           yea
           ,
           
             and
             the
             creatures
             earnest
             expectation
             that
             waiteth
             for
             the
             glorious
             manifestation
             of
             the
             sons
             of
             God
             ;
             Forasmuch
             as
             the
             creature
             is
             made
             subject
             to
             vanity
             against
             its
             will.
             And
             the
             creature
             groaneth
             ,
             and
             travaileth
             in
             pain
             together
             with
             our selves
             to
             be
             delivered
             from
             the
             bondage
             of
             corruption
             ,
          
           as
           
             Paul
          
           teacheth
           ,
           
             Rom
             ▪
             8.
             19
             ,
             20
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Now
           therefore
           mark
           attentively
           ,
           and
           consider
           well
           with
           thy selfe
           ,
           O
           thou
           intelligent
           Reader
           :
           that
           if
           the
           sencelesse
           and
           dead
           creatures
           ,
           such
           as
           Earth
           ,
           Rocks
           ,
           Seas
           ,
           Islands
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ;
           that
           have
           neither
           mouth
           nor
           tongue
           ,
           brain
           ,
           nor
           heart
           ,
           can
           so
           quake
           and
           tremble
           :
           yea
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           bewaile
           
           and
           condole
           themselves
           ,
           when
           their
           Lord
           and
           Creator
           is
           angry
           ,
           or
           intendeth
           to
           visit
           Countreys
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           with
           any
           uncouth
           or
           strange
           thing
           ;
           how
           much
           more
           ought
           the
           hearts
           of
           men
           whilst
           they
           live
           ,
           and
           in
           time
           too
           :
           to
           be
           amazed
           ,
           and
           to
           tremble
           and
           quake
           for
           fear
           of
           the
           wrath
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           his
           impendent
           judgements
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           so
           be
           they
           will
           not
           do
           it
           now
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Grace
           ,
           then
           may
           we
           justly
           cry
           out
           ,
           and
           complain
           upon
           them
           ,
           with
           that
           Holy
           and
           reverend
           Father
           of
           the
           Church
           Saint
           
             Ambrose
             .
             O
             hominum
             pectora
             Saxis
             duriora
             .
          
           Oh
           thou
           heart
           of
           man
           ,
           that
           art
           harder
           ,
           and
           more
           insensible
           than
           the
           Rocks
           and
           Stones
           :
           for
           they
           can
           quake
           ,
           but
           the
           heart
           of
           man
           not
           ;
           yea
           then
           we
           may
           well
           complain
           with
           the
           Prophet
           
             Jeremy
             ,
             chap.
             5.
             3.
             
             Thou
             hast
             stricken
             them
             ,
             but
             they
             have
             not
             grieved
             ,
             thou
             hast
             consumed
             them
             ,
             but
             they
             have
             refused
             to
             receive
             correction
             :
             they
             have
             made
             their
             faces
             
             harder
             then
             a
             Rock
             ,
             they
             have
             refused
             to
             return
             .
          
           And
           also
           with
           the
           Prophet
           
             Zachary
          
           in
           
             chap.
             7.
             12.
             
             Yea
             ,
             they
             have
             made
             their
             hearts
             as
             and
             Adamant
             stone
             ,
             therefore
             came
             a
             great
             wrath
             from
             the
             Lord
             of
             Hosts
             .
          
        
         
           O
           man
           ,
           man
           !
           consider
           now
           well
           with
           thy selfe
           in
           time
           ,
           that
           if
           thou
           canst
           not
           now
           be
           moved
           to
           tremble
           and
           quake
           for
           that
           God
           ,
           that
           can
           so
           move
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           cause
           her
           to
           tremble
           and
           quake
           :
           then
           thou
           maist
           justly
           fear
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           Lord
           Almighty
           will
           so
           move
           the
           earth
           ,
           
             that
             the
             Heavens
             shall
             pass
             away
             with
             a
             great
             noise
             ,
             and
             the
             Elements
             shall
             melt
             with
             fervent
             heat
             ,
             the
             earth
             also
             ,
             and
             the
             works
             that
             are
             therein
             shall
             be
             burnt
             up
             ,
             2
             Pet.
          
           3.
           10.
           that
           it
           will
           be
           then
           too
           late
           for
           thee
           to
           tremble
           and
           quake
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           any
           now
           may
           be
           moved
           to
           great
           fear
           and
           amazement
           by
           these
           small
           Earthquakes
           ,
           which
           do
           no
           very
           great
           harm
           ;
           what
           kind
           of
           anguish
           and
           
           terrour
           thinkest
           thou
           ,
           will
           at
           that
           time
           fall
           upon
           all
           ungodly
           and
           incorrigible
           men
           ,
           that
           here
           would
           never
           fear
           such
           a
           God
           ?
        
         
           Truly
           then
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           the
           rich
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           chief
           Captains
           ,
           and
           the
           mighty
           men
           ,
           and
           every
           bondman
           ,
           and
           every
           free-man
           ,
           shall
           hide
           themselves
           in
           the
           Denns
           and
           in
           the
           Rocks
           of
           the
           mountains
           :
           and
           say
           to
           the
           mountains
           and
           Rocks
           ,
           fall
           on
           us
           ,
           and
           hide
           us
           from
           the
           face
           of
           him
           that
           sitteth
           on
           the
           Throne
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           wrath
           of
           the
           Lamb
           :
           for
           the
           great
           day
           of
           his
           wrath
           is
           come
           ,
           and
           who
           shall
           be
           able
           to
           stand
           ?
        
         
           Oh
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           
           thou
           Rock
           of
           Salvation
           ,
           and
           precious
           corner-stone
           of
           Zion
           ,
           do
           thou
           mollifie
           our
           hard
           and
           stony
           hearts
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           thy
           promise
           ,
           give
           us
           hearts
           of
           flesh
           ,
           Ezek.
           36.
           26.
           
           
             That
             we
             may
             now
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Grace
             ,
             be
             amazed
             and
             tremble
             at
             our
             bloudy
             sins
             ,
             and
             their
             well
             deserved
             and
             impendent
             punishment
             ,
             that
             so
             the
             
             punishment
             may
             be
             either
             graciously
             mittigated
             ,
             or
             wholly
             diverted
             ,
             according
             to
             thy
             Divine
             will
             ,
             for
             thy
             great
             mercies
             sake
             ,
          
           Amen
           .
        
         
           Now
           he
           that
           can
           give
           any
           better
           ,
           or
           more
           perfect
           instruction
           or
           information
           ,
           concerning
           Earthquakes
           ,
           and
           yet
           will
           not
           do
           it
           :
           committeth
           a
           great
           sin
           ,
           inasmuch
           as
           he
           concealeth
           such
           wonderful
           works
           of
           the
           Lord.
           
        
      
       
         FINIS
         .
      
    
     
       
         
           Errata
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           3
           page
           of
           the
           
             Preface
             ,
          
           line
           19.
           for
           40.
           read
           160.
           page
           18.
           line
           
             ult
             .
          
           for
           
             cannot
          
           read
           ca●
           .
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A38593-e580
           
             Meaning
             here
             
               Norway
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A38593-e3790
           
             Note
             ,
             that
             this
             must
             doubtlesse
             be
             by
             an
             Earthquake
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A38593-e7030
           
             Suspirium
             
          
        
      
    
  

