item: #1 of 24
          id: 11262
      author: Vaknin, Samuel
       title: Cyclopedia of Economics
        date: None
       words: 30
      flesch: 86
     summary: RTF is Rich Text Format, and is readable in nearly any modern word processing program. Please see the corresponding RTF file for this eBook.
    keywords: rtf
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        item: #2 of 24
          id: 12004
      author: Mill, John Stuart
       title: Essays on some unsettled Questions of Political Economy
        date: None
       words: 50086
      flesch: 51
     summary: Moreover, the imposition of such a tax frequently will, and always may, expose a country to lose this branch of its trade altogether, or to carry it on with diminished advantage, in consequence of the competition of untaxed exporters from other countries, or of the domestic producers in the country to which it exports. The only mode in which a country can save itself from being a loser by the duties imposed by other countries on its commodities, is to impose corresponding duties on theirs.
    keywords: capital; case; cloth; commodities; cost; country; demand; england; general; germany; labour; linen; money; price; produce; production; quantity; rate; science; trade; wages; yards
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        item: #3 of 24
          id: 12217
      author: Fetter, Frank A. (Frank Albert)
       title: Economics Volume II: Modern Economic Problems
        date: None
       words: 162300
      flesch: 63
     summary: In Wisconsin and in New York, in 1907, in New Jersey, in 1911, and in many other states since, the railroad commissions were replaced by public utilities or public service commissions, having control not only over the railroads but over street railway, gas, electric light, telephone, and some other corporations. The change undoubtedly has resulted in many cases in the manner indicated, and could be made to result so in many other cases by applying the methods of scientific management.
    keywords: act; america; average; banks; business; cases; cent; changes; competition; conditions; countries; country; credit; day; demand; deposits; federal; footnote; form; free; general; gold; goods; government; income; increase; individual; industrial; industry; insurance; interest; kinds; labor; land; law; legislation; men; monetary; money; monopoly; national; nature; new; notes; number; organization; period; plan; policy; population; power; present; prices; problem; production; property; public; railroad; rate; reserve; result; savings; sec; silver; social; standard; states; system; tariff; taxation; taxes; time; total; trade; united; use; value; vol; wages; wealth; workers; years
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        item: #4 of 24
          id: 13488
      author: O'Brien, George Augustine Thomas
       title: An Essay on Mediæval Economic Teaching
        date: None
       words: 67368
      flesch: 65
     summary: The books, such as Ingram's _History of Political Economy_ and Haney's _History of Economic Thought_, which deal with the whole of economic history, necessarily devote but a few pages to the Middle Ages. Ashley's _Economic History_ contains two excellent chapters dealing with the Canonist teaching; but, while these chapters contain a mass of most valuable information on particular branches of the mediæval doctrines, they do not perhaps sufficiently indicate the relation between them, nor do they lay sufficient emphasis upon the fundamental philosophical principles out of which the whole system sprang.
    keywords: '[1; ages; aquinas; attitude; case; century; christian; church; cit; commerce; contract; doctrine; exchange; fact; footnote; goods; human; interest; justice; labour; law; life; loan; man; mediæval; middle; money; nature; opinion; place; practice; price; property; question; right; seq; slavery; state; subject; teaching; theory; things; thomas; time; use; usury; value; vol; writers
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        item: #5 of 24
          id: 16575
      author: Playfair, William
       title: An Inquiry into the Permanent Causes of the Decline and Fall of Powerful and Wealthy Nations. Designed To Shew How The Prosperity Of The British Empire May Be Prolonged
        date: None
       words: 122788
      flesch: 56
     summary: The latter part of the same book will treat of the exterior causes of decline, arising from the envy of other nations; their advancement in the same arts to which the nations that are rich owe their wealth, or their excelling them in other arts, by which they can be rivalled, reduced, or subdued. Thus, a nation may be wealthy in itself, though unconnected with any other nation; but its power can only be estimated by a comparison with that of other nations.
    keywords: advantage; capital; case; causes; commerce; countries; country; decline; degree; education; effect; end; england; general; government; great; increase; india; industry; interest; labour; little; man; manner; manufactures; means; men; money; nations; nature; necessity; new; page; people; place; poor; power; present; produce; public; state; taxes; thing; time; trade; war; way; wealth; years
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        item: #6 of 24
          id: 18603
      author: Sumner, William Graham
       title: What Social Classes Owe to Each Other
        date: None
       words: 32998
      flesch: 66
     summary: In their view they have a right, not only to _pursue_ happiness, but to _get_ it; and if they fail to get it, they think they have a claim to the aid of other men--that is, to the labor and self-denial of other men--to get it for them. A free man in a free democracy has no duty whatever toward other men of the same rank and standing, except respect, courtesy, and good-will.
    keywords: capital; classes; duty; good; interests; labor; land; liberty; life; man; men; nature; people; power; public; question; rights; self; society; state; use; wages; way
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        item: #7 of 24
          id: 22651
      author: Leacock, Stephen
       title: The Unsolved Riddle of Social Justice
        date: None
       words: 26716
      flesch: 72
     summary: It would be constantly displaced and shifted by the movement of all sorts of social forces--by changes of fashion, by abundance or scarcity of crops, by alterations in the technique of industry and by the cohesion or the slackening of the organization of any group of workers. Nor does he any longer draw water from his own well or go to bed by the light of his own candle: for such services as these his life is so mixed up with franchises and public utilities and other things unheard of by his own great-grandfather, that it is hopelessly intertangled with that of his fellow citizens.
    keywords: case; cost; day; hours; human; industry; labor; life; machinery; man; new; point; power; price; production; public; social; socialism; society; state; system; things; time; wages; war; work; world
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        item: #8 of 24
          id: 26716
      author: Ruskin, John
       title: The Crown of Wild Olive also Munera Pulveris; Pre-Raphaelitism; Aratra Pentelici; The Ethics of the Dust; Fiction, Fair and Foul; The Elements of Drawing
        date: None
       words: 316551
      flesch: 68
     summary: (_Race between_ LILY _and_ ISABEL.) (_Re-enter_ ISABEL _with the box, very much out of breath. You may, perhaps be surprised, when I tell you, that (putting the question of _subject_ aside for the moment, and speaking only of the mode of execution and aim at resemblance), you have there a perfect example of the Greek ideal of method in sculpture.
    keywords: art; arts; away; beauty; believe; black; blue; body; book; business; care; change; character; children; clouds; colour; conditions; country; course; crystals; currency; dark; day; days; death; degree; difference; dora; drawing; earth; economy; effect; end; england; english; evil; expression; eye; eyes; fact; fig; fine; fire; force; form; general; god; gold; good; government; great; greek; grey; ground; half; hand; having; head; heart; help; hope; house; human; idea; illustration; imagination; instance; interest; iron; isabel; kind; knowledge; labour; law; laws; leaf; leaves; lecture; left; life; lines; little; living; look; love; making; man; manner; mary; masses; matter; means; men; mind; modern; moment; money; nation; national; nature; need; new; note; number; object; observe; ones; order; outline; painting; paper; people; perfect; persons; picture; piece; place; play; point; poor; power; practice; present; principal; produce; public; purpose; quantity; question; reader; real; red; rest; right; rock; sculpture; sea; second; sense; set; shade; shadow; simple; sky; speak; spirit; state; stone; strength; study; subject; sun; surface; tell; things; thought; till; time; touch; tree; truth; turner; use; value; want; war; water; way; wealth; white; wise; word; work; worth; wrong; years; young
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        item: #9 of 24
          id: 27519
      author: Feis, Herbert
       title: The Settlement of Wage Disputes
        date: None
       words: 73434
      flesch: 58
     summary: Therefore, to increase the efficiency and output of the group will not increase the group labor demand, and group wages. The constant assertion of group power will cease only if all groups are brought within some acceptable plan of wage settlement, under which group wages are settled by principles recognized as fair.
    keywords: case; conditions; differences; distribution; economic; general; groups; industrial; industry; labor; living wage; minimum wage; present; price; principles; production; profits; question; time; wage adjustment; wage change; wage differentials; wage disputes; wage earners; wage idea; wage incomes; wage increase; wage legislation; wage levels; wage movements; wage payment; wage policy; wage principle; wage rates; wage reduction; wage relationship; wage settlement; wage standardization; wages; work
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        item: #10 of 24
          id: 27647
      author: Various
       title: The Economist, Volume 1, No. 3
        date: None
       words: 37811
      flesch: 63
     summary: Thomas Sissons_, with a host of other _aliases_, was placed before the magistrates at the Borough Court, Manchester, charged with one of the most singular attempts at fraud we ever remember to have heard. It must apply with equal force to the _gold_, _silver_, and _copper_ of Brazil, as it does to the _sugar_
    keywords: cent; church; corn; countries; country; course; day; demand; duties; duty; effect; england; esq; extent; foreign; general; good; government; home; house; interest; ireland; labour; law; life; liverpool; london; lord; market; meeting; monday; new; number; office; people; persons; place; present; price; produce; protection; public; rate; sale; sir; slave; soil; state; street; subject; sugar; supply; time; trade; week; wheat; world; years; | |
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        item: #11 of 24
          id: 31159
      author: Clark, John Bates
       title: Essentials of Economic Theory As Applied to Modern Problems of Industry and Public Policy
        date: None
       words: 171141
      flesch: 60
     summary: The old and crude method of using a labor standard of value--which assumes that the product of a unit of labor _aided by capital_ will always buy the product of another unit of labor _aided by capital_--we must take _all pains_ to avoid. The analogy between the returns from land and those from a self-perpetuating series of made capital goods is in this particular complete. _
    keywords: article; business; capital goods; case; changes; competition; consumers; cost; dollars; economic; effect; fact; force; increase; industry; interest; kind; labor; land; law; line; making; man; market; means; men; monopoly; natural; new; number; particular; pay; place; point; population; power; price; product; production; rate; rent; social; society; standard; state; static; supply; things; time; unit; use; utility; value; wages; way; wealth; work; working; ´ ´
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        item: #12 of 24
          id: 31933
      author: Engels, Friedrich
       title: Landmarks of Scientific Socialism: "Anti-Duehring"
        date: None
       words: 77179
      flesch: 55
     summary: According to Herr Duehring time exists only by virtue of change, not change in and through time. According to Herr Duehring force is the absolute evil.
    keywords: capital; change; class; conditions; day; development; dialectic; engels; equality; existence; fact; force; form; hand; herr duehring; history; human; individual; knowledge; labor; labor time; law; life; marx; matter; means; modern; motion; nature; negation; new; philosophy; place; point; present; production; property; science; society; state; system; things; thought; time; truths; universe; value; work; world
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        item: #13 of 24
          id: 33219
      author: Jevons, William Stanley
       title: Political economy
        date: None
       words: 44960
      flesch: 71
     summary: In order that we may produce much wealth, we require something further, namely, the #capital#, which supports labourers while they are engaged in their work. In order, however, that we may be able to wait and to do each kind of work at the best time, we must have enough #capital# to live upon in the meantime.
    keywords: capital; case; economy; gold; goods; government; interest; kind; labour; land; man; men; money; new; people; price; produce; supply; things; time; trade; use; value; wages; want; way; wealth; work; workmen; years
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        item: #14 of 24
          id: 33310
      author: Ricardo, David
       title: On The Principles of Political Economy, and Taxation
        date: None
       words: 118192
      flesch: 58
     summary: _ value rise to 1200_l._, or fall to 800_l. _ value will rise to 12,000_l._ or fall to 8000_l._; but in a country where prices are artificially raised by taxation, the abundance of money from an influx, or the exportation and consequent scarcity of it from foreign demand, will not operate in the same proportion on the prices of all commodities; some it will raise or lower 5, 6, or 12 per cent., others 3, 4, or 7 per cent.
    keywords: capital; cent; commodities; commodity; corn; country; demand; fall; gold; goods; increase; labour; land; market price; money price; money rent; money value; price; produce; production; profits; proportion; quantity; rate; rent; rise; tax; taxes; trade; value; wages
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        item: #15 of 24
          id: 33741
      author: Tawney, R. H. (Richard Henry)
       title: The Acquisitive Society
        date: None
       words: 50402
      flesch: 48
     summary: So in the name of the rights of property France abolished in three years a great mass of property rights which, under the old régime had robbed the peasant of part of the produce of his labor, and the social transformation survived a whole world of political changes. As a consequence the maintenance of property rights has not been seriously threatened even in those cases in which it is evident that no service is discharged, directly or indirectly, by their exercise.
    keywords: activity; business; capital; coal; control; day; end; function; individual; industrial; industry; interest; labor; land; life; man; men; order; organization; ownership; power; present; principle; production; professional; profits; property; property rights; public; purpose; rights; service; shareholders; society; state; system; wealth; work; workers
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        item: #16 of 24
          id: 360
      author: Proudhon, P.-J. (Pierre-Joseph)
       title: What is Property? An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and of Government
        date: None
       words: 154880
      flesch: 62
     summary: As long as man is opposed to man, property offsets property, and the two forces balance each other; as soon as man is isolated, that is, opposed to the society which he himself represents, jurisprudence is at fault: That posited, if we ask M. Leroux to tell us under what system of property man will be neither a slave nor a despot, but free, just, and a citizen, M. Leroux replies in the third volume of his work on Humanity:-- There are three ways of destroying man's communion with his fellows and with the universe:...
    keywords: absolute; author; capital; cause; conditions; day; economy; end; equality; evil; exchange; fact; farm; footnote; force; form; francs; free; general; god; good; government; human; idea; increase; individual; interest; justice; labor; laborer; land; law; laws; liberty; life; live; makes; man; matter; means; men; mind; nation; nature; necessity; number; opinion; order; pay; people; philosophy; place; point; political; possession; power; present; principle; production; products; property; proprietor; proudhon; public; question; reason; rent; right; says; science; second; social; society; state; system; talent; thing; thought; time; truth; universal; use; value; wages; war; wealth; wish; words; work; world; years
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        item: #17 of 24
          id: 36541
      author: Ruskin, John
       title: Unto This Last, and Other Essays on Political Economy
        date: None
       words: 121745
      flesch: 56
     summary: It follows from this natural limitation of supply that the accumulation of property of this kind in large masses at one point, or in one person's hands, commonly involves, more or less, the scarcity of it at another point and in other persons' hands; so that the accidents or energies which may enable one man to procure a great deal of it, may, and in all likelihood will partially prevent other men procuring a sufficiency of it, however willing they may be to work for it; therefore, the modes of its accumulation and distribution need to be in some degree regulated by law and by national treaties, in order to secure justice to all men. how can we sufficiently estimate the effect on the mind of a noble youth, at the time when the world opens to him, of having faithful and touching representations put before him of the acts and presences of great men--how many a resolution, which would alter and exalt the whole course of his after-life, might be formed, when in some dreamy twilight he met, through his own tears, the fixed eyes of those shadows of the great dead, unescapable and calm, piercing to his soul; or fancied that their lips moved in dread reproof or soundless exhortation.
    keywords: art; body; business; come; cost; course; currency; day; demand; economy; exchange; fact; food; form; general; gold; good; government; greek; half; hands; human; justice; kind; labour; land; law; laws; life; little; man; matter; means; men; mind; modern; money; nation; national; nature; need; note; number; order; pay; people; persons; pictures; place; possession; power; present; price; produce; production; property; proportion; public; quantity; question; reader; real; riches; right; science; sense; service; state; store; subject; things; think; thought; time; use; value; wages; want; way; wealth; words; work; world; worth
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        item: #18 of 24
          id: 39949
      author: Veblen, Thorstein
       title: The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation, and Other Essays
        date: None
       words: 155809
      flesch: 45
     summary: For an understanding of modern economic life the technological advance of the past two centuries--_e.g._, the growth of the industrial arts--is of the first importance; but marginal-utility theory does not bear on this matter, nor does this matter bear on marginal-utility theory. The accountancy to which all phenomena of modern economic life are amenable is an accountancy in terms of price; and by the current convention there is no other recognized scheme of accountancy, no other rating, either in law or in fact, to which the facts of modern life are held amenable.
    keywords: assets; blond; business; capital; case; change; character; clark; class; classical; community; conduct; course; culture; current; degree; development; economic; economists; effect; facts; force; goods; ground; growth; habits; hand; hedonistic; human; industrial; industry; inquiry; institutions; interest; knowledge; labor; life; material; matter; means; men; modern; nature; new; pecuniary; phenomena; place; point; present; process; production; question; scheme; science; sense; sequence; situation; system; terms; theory; things; thought; time; use; utility; value; view; way; wealth; work
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        item: #19 of 24
          id: 40077
      author: Fetter, Frank A. (Frank Albert)
       title: The Principles of Economics, with Applications to Practical Problems
        date: None
       words: 205722
      flesch: 64
     summary: [Sidenote: Money value under free coinage] 5. _Where coinage is free and gratuitous the coin is worth the same as the bullion that is in it._ Technical goodness is absolute, and is measured in speed and weight of cargo; economic efficiency is relative, and varies with the money cost and money value of the services.
    keywords: agents; america; business; capital; capital value; case; changes; chapter; competition; conditions; consumption; contract; control; cost; country; day; demand; economic; efficiency; exchange; form; future; general; gold; goods; government; income; increase; individual; industrial; industry; interest; labor; land; law; life; machinery; man; market; market value; material; men; money; money use; money value; monopoly; nature; new; number; point; population; power; present; price; problem; production; products; profits; property; public; quality; question; rate; relation; rent; result; services; sidenote; social; society; standard; state; supply; theory; things; thought; time; trade; use; uses; utility; value; wages; wants; wealth; work; years
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        item: #20 of 24
          id: 41856
      author: Fetter, Frank A. (Frank Albert)
       title: Manual of References and Exercises in Economics for Use with Volume II. Modern Economic Problems
        date: None
       words: 18249
      flesch: 77
     summary: Husband, W. W._, The significance of emigration. III-VIII, X. _Kemmerer, E. W._, Money and credit instruments in their relation to general prices.
    keywords: a. e.; bank; cent; chs; e. rev; economic; gold; j. e.; labor; money; new; questions; references; rev; states; trade; united
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        item: #21 of 24
          id: 41936
      author: Perry, Arthur Latham
       title: Principles of Political Economy
        date: None
       words: 200830
      flesch: 57
     summary: A Specific tax is a tax of so many cents or dollars on the pound, yard, gallon, or other _quantity_ measurable: an Advalorem tax is a tax of so much _per centum_ on the invoiced or appraised _money value_ of the goods subject to the tax. Being based upon _confidence_, which is itself sensitive and variable, a man's credit at one time may be vastly greater than at another, compared with his other two means of purchase; and if he have the reputation of doing a safe and regular business, and is favored by circumstances, he will find himself able sometimes to buy on credit to an extent out of all expected proportion to his other capital.
    keywords: action; advantage; bank; bills; business; buying; capital; case; class; commercial; commodities; cost; country; course; credit; current; day; demand; economy; efforts; england; english; exchange; foreign; form; free; general; gold; goods; government; great; hand; interest; kind; laborers; lands; law; london; market; matter; means; men; money; national; natural; nature; new; order; paper; pay; people; personal; persons; place; point; power; present; price; production; products; property; public; rate; return; right; science; second; sell; selling; services; silver; states; supply; tariff; taxes; things; time; trade; united; united states; use; valuable; value; wages; way; work; world; years; york; | |
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        item: #22 of 24
          id: 4776
      author: Russell, Bertrand
       title: Political Ideals
        date: None
       words: 22424
      flesch: 59
     summary: Yet such men are known to have been in the past the chief benefactors of mankind, and are the very men who receive most honor as soon as they are safely dead. With good-will, generosity, intelligence, these things could be brought about. Chapter II: Capitalism and the Wage System I The world is full of preventible evils which most men would be glad to see prevented.
    keywords: control; force; goods; government; individual; liberty; life; man; men; nation; power; present; public; state; system; use; way; work; world
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        item: #23 of 24
          id: 8214
      author: Vaknin, Samuel
       title: Capitalistic Musings
        date: None
       words: 30
      flesch: 86
     summary: RTF is Rich Text Format, and is readable in nearly any modern word processing program. Please see the corresponding RTF file for this eBook.
    keywords: rtf
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        item: #24 of 24
          id: 8436
      author: Clarke, Charles Baron
       title: Speculations from Political Economy
        date: None
       words: 20949
      flesch: 62
     summary: By the small increase in value of some land, the large increase in value of other land, since the days of Queen Anne, it has now become unequal in the highest degree. It is probable that the present owners of both A and B (or predecessors under whom they claim) had purchased the estates A and B after the land tax had become fixed on them, and the amount of land tax would then have been fully considered in the price paid.
    keywords: capital; case; company; duty; england; government; labour; land; new; pay; present; profit; public; railway; rate; tax; tea; trade; wheat; years
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