item: #1 of 36
          id: 1043
      author: McCabe, Joseph
       title: The Story of Evolution
        date: None
       words: 107769
      flesch: 63
     summary: Thirdly, it meant a great purification of the atmosphere, and thus a most important preparation of the earth for higher land animals and plants. When we had reached this stage in the development of animal life, we found great difficulty in imagining how the chief lines of the higher Invertebrates took their rise from the Archaean chaos of early many-celled forms.
    keywords: abundant; account; action; actual; adaptation; advance; advancing; advantage; africa; age; agencies; agency; ages; air; alps; america; ammonites; amphibia; ancestor; ancestral; ancestry; ancient; angiosperms; animals; anthropoid; ape; apes; appearance; approach; archaean; arctic; area; armour; arms; asia; aspect; astronomers; atmosphere; atoms; australia; authorities; average; axis; b.c; bearing; beds; beginning; best; better; bird; birth; blood; bodies; body; bones; bony; brain; branch; branches; broad; cambrian; capacity; carboniferous; carnivores; case; causes; cells; central; centre; century; cephalopods; certain; chalk; chamberlin; changes; chapter; characteristic; characters; chief; chronicle; civilisation; classes; clear; climate; climatic; close; cloud; coal; coat; cold; colours; coming; common; comparison; complete; conditions; conifers; connection; considerable; conspicuous; content; continent; continuous; controversy; corals; cosmic; course; creatures; cretaceous; crust; crustacea; cryptogams; culture; cycads; dark; darwin; day; days; dead; deep; deer; definite; degrees; deinosaurs; deposits; developed; developing; development; devonian; diameter; diet; different; difficulty; dioxide; direction; discharge; discoveries; discovery; disk; disputed; distinct; distinguished; distribution; disturbances; division; doubt; dust; earlier; earliest; early; earth; east; effect; effective; eggs; egypt; electrons; elements; elephant; embryonic; emergence; empire; end; energy; england; enormous; environment; eocene; era; estimate; etc; ether; europe; european; evidence; evolution; evolutionary; expansion; experience; experiment; experts; explanation; extent; extinct; extraordinary; eye; eyes; fact; fall; familiar; families; family; far; features; feet; ferns; fine; fire; fish; fishes; flat; floor; flowering; flowers; flying; food; foot; forest; form; formation; formidable; fossil; fourth; fragments; frame; france; free; fresh; future; gas; gases; gathering; general; generation; genial; geological; geologists; geology; giant; gigantic; glance; globe; good; gradual; grasses; gravitation; great; great ice; great reptiles; greater; greece; greek; greenland; group; growth; half; hand; head; heat; heavens; heavy; height; higher; highest; hills; historical; history; hold; horse; hot; human; hundreds; hydrogen; hypothesis; ice; idea; immense; imperfect; implements; important; impossible; inches; increase; india; influence; inhabitants; inland; insects; instance; instructive; intelligence; interesting; interior; intermediate; interpretation; islands; jaws; jupiter; jurassic; kind; knowledge; known; lakes; land; landscape; large; later; law; lead; leaves; legs; length; level; life; light; like; limbs; lines; liquid; little; living; long; longer; look; lost; lower; lowest; luminous; luxuriant; magdalenian; majority; making; male; mammals; man; marks; mass; masses; massive; material; matter; means; mediterranean; mere; mesozoic; middle; mighty; miles; millions; mind; minute; miocene; mixed; modern; moist; molluscs; molten; moment; monkeys; moon; mother; mountains; movement; moving; mud; muscles; myriads; mysterious; natural; nature; neanderthal; nearer; nebula; necessary; need; neolithic; new; non; north; northern; number; numerous; obscure; ocean; oligocene; open; opinion; order; ordinary; organic; organisation; organisms; organs; origin; outer; pairs; palaeolithic; palms; parent; particles; particular; parts; passing; past; patriarchal; peoples; period; permian; phase; physical; picture; place; plain; planet; plants; plates; pleistocene; pliocene; point; population; position; powerful; present; preserved; pressure; primitive; primitive man; principle; probable; process; professor; profound; progress; progressive; proportion; protective; pyrenees; question; race; radium; rapid; rays; reader; real; reason; recent; record; regard; region; related; relation; remains; remarkable; remote; representatives; represented; reptiles; research; result; return; rhinoceros; rich; rise; rivers; rocks; rome; round; saw; scale; scattered; scene; science; scientific; scotland; sea; seas; second; selection; semi; sense; sensitive; series; set; shallow; shape; sharks; sheet; shell; short; shows; silurian; similar; simple; single; sir; size; skeletons; skin; skull; slow; sluggish; small; smaller; snow; social; soil; solar; solid; south; southern; space; special; species; specimens; spectroscope; speculation; speed; spiral; sponges; spread; square; stage; stars; stimulating; stock; stone; story; strange; stress; stretch; stretches; strong; structure; struggle; study; subject; successive; sudden; sun; supply; surface; surroundings; system; tail; teeth; temperature; terrestrial; tertiary; theories; theory; thick; things; thought; thousands; time; tiny; toed; toes; traces; trees; triassic; tribes; tropical; true; turn; types; united; universe; unknown; upheaval; upward; use; useful; useless; vapour; variations; varied; variety; vast; vegetation; vessels; vestigial; view; volcanic; volume; warm; warmth; waters; waves; way; western; white; wings; winter; words; work; world; worm; writers; years; yellow; young; zealand
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        item: #2 of 36
          id: 15707
      author: Darwin, Erasmus
       title: Zoonomia; Or, the Laws of Organic Life, Vol. I
        date: None
       words: 193448
      flesch: 61
     summary: In opposition to this doctrine of the production of our ideas, it may be asked, if some of our ideas, like other animal motions, are voluntary, why can we not invent new ones, that have not been received by perception? These inversions of the motion of the stomach in vomiting are performed by intervals, for the same reason that many other motions are reciprocally exerted and relaxed; for during the time of exertion the stimulus, or sensation, which caused this exertion, is not perceived; but begins to be perceived again, as soon as the exertion ceases, and is some time in again producing its effect.
    keywords: ---of; absorbed; absorbent; absorption; account; accumulation; accustomed; acquired; acquiring; acting; action; activity; acts; adapted; additional; affected; ague; air; aliment; amnii; analogy; anasarca; animal; animal motions; animation; apparent; apparent motions; appearance; application; approach; aqueous; area; arm; arms; arterial; arteries; artery; associated; association; atmosphere; attention; attitude; attraction; aversion; awake; bark; bath; bear; beautiful; beginning; better; bile; birds; black; bladder; blood; blue; bodies; body; botanic; bowels; brain; branches; breathing; bright; buds; canal; capable; capillaries; capillary; cases; catenated; catenations; causation; cause; cavities; cease; cells; cellular; center; central; certain; change; chemical; children; chyle; circle; circular; circulation; circumstance; class; classes; closed; closing; cold; coldness; colour; coloured; combination; combined; commence; commencement; common; complete; connected; consciousness; consequence; considerable; consists; constant; constitute; constitutions; contagious; contents; continued; contraction; contrary; convulsions; correspondent; country; covered; cure; curious; cutaneous; daily; danger; dark; day; days; death; debility; decreased; defect; deficiency; degree; delirium; desire; diabetes; diameter; different; difficulty; digestion; diminished; direct; direction; disagreeable; diseases; disordered; distance; distant; distended; distention; distinct; distinguished; disturbed; diurnal; dogs; doses; drank; dreams; dropsy; drunkenness; ducts; early; earth; easy; effect; efforts; eggs; electric; embryon; employed; end; endeavour; energy; ensues; epilepsy; epileptic; equal; eruption; evident; evinces; excess; excited; excretory; exertion; exhausted; exhaustion; existence; expenditure; experience; experiment; extension; extensive; external; extremities; eye; eyelids; eyes; face; facility; faculty; falls; father; fatigue; fear; feel; feet; female; fetus; fever; fibres; fibrous; fibrous motions; figure; filament; fine; fingers; fire; fish; fit; fits; flesh; flowers; fluid; fly; following; food; foot; force; form; forwards; fourth; foxglove; frequent; future; gall; garden; general; generation; glands; glandular; good; gout; great; great quantity; greater; greatest; green; ground; growth; habit; hair; half; haller; hand; hard; having; head; health; hearing; heat; high; history; honey; hot; hours; human; hunger; ideas; iii; imagination; imitation; immediate; inch; inches; increased; induces; inflamed; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; ingenious; inoculated; insanity; insects; instances; instinct; internal; intervals; intestines; intoxication; inverted; irritability; irritations; irritative; irritative ideas; irritative motions; jaw; kidneys; kind; knowledge; known; labour; lacrymal; lacteals; lady; language; large; laughter; laws; leaves; left; legs; length; letters; liable; life; light; like; limbs; lines; link; lips; liquor; little; liver; living; locomotive; long; longer; look; lost; love; luminous; lunar; lungs; lymphatics; male; mankind; manner; material; matter; means; measure; mechanical; medicines; membranes; memory; method; milk; mind; minute; miss; mistaken; mixed; mode; moisture; momentum; moon; morbid; morning; mother; motions; mouths; movements; mucus; muscles; muscular; muscular motions; music; nativity; natural; nature; near; necessary; neck; nerves; nervous; nest; new; new motions; nostrils; note; nourishment; number; numerous; nutriment; nutritive; objects; observable; observation; observed; occasioned; occurs; ocular; offspring; ones; open; opening; operation; opinion; opium; optic; order; organs; origin; original; ounces; oxygenation; oxygene; pain; painful; pale; paper; paralysis; paralytic; paroxysm; partial; particles; particular; parts; passage; passion; patient; peculiar; people; perception; perfect; periods; perpetual; person; philosophers; piece; pink; pints; place; placenta; plants; play; pleasurable; pleasure; possess; power; powerful; pox; prepared; presence; present; pressure; previous; prey; primary; probable; process; produce; production; progeny; proper; properties; property; proportion; pulmonary; pulsations; pulse; purpose; putrid; quadrupeds; quantities; quantity; quick; quiescence; rays; reader; reason; recollection; recur; red; related; relieve; remains; repeated; repetition; resembles; respect; respiration; rest; retina; retrograde; retrograde motions; return; reverie; rheumatism; room; roots; sack; saliva; second; secondary; secretion; sect; section; seeds; sensation; sense; sensibility; sensible; sensitive; sensitive motions; sensorial; sensorial motions; sensorial power; sensorium; sensual; separate; set; sex; shewn; short; sickness; sides; silk; similar; similarity; simple; single; situation; size; skin; sleep; sleeping; small; snow; solar; solidity; sooner; sound; space; species; spectra; spectrum; spirit; spirituous; spot; spring; square; state; stimulated; stimulation; stimuli; stimulus; stomach; stone; stools; stop; strength; strong; stronger; structure; subject; succeeds; successive; sudden; sufficient; sugar; sun; supply; surface; surprise; suspension; swallow; sweats; sympathy; symptoms; system; taste; teeth; temperament; temporary; tendency; terminations; theory; things; thirst; thought; throat; time; tongue; torpid; torpor; touch; trains; trees; tribes; truth; ulcers; understood; universal; unnatural; upper; urinary; urine; usual; uterus; valves; variety; variolous; vascular; vegetable; veins; velocity; venereal; venous; vertigo; vessels; vibrations; view; violence; violent; visible; vision; vital; volition; voluntary; voluntary motions; vomiting; waking; walk; want; warmth; water; way; weak; weaker; weeks; white; wind; wine; wings; winter; word; work; writers; xii; xiv; xvi; xviii; xxiv; xxix; xxxii; xxxv; years; yellow; young
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        item: #3 of 36
          id: 16729
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: Lay Sermons, Addresses and Reviews
        date: None
       words: 108942
      flesch: 52
     summary: If this be true, it is clear that the student, in passing from the physico-chemical to the physiological sciences, enters upon a totally new order of facts; and it will next be for us to consider how far these new facts involve _new_ methods, or require a modification of those with which he is already acquainted. Applying the name of the New Philosophy to that estimate of the limits of philosophical inquiry which I, in common with many other men of science, hold to be just, the Archbishop opens his address by identifying this New Philosophy with the Positive Philosophy of M. Comte (of whom he speaks as its founder); and then proceeds to attack that philosopher and his doctrines vigorously.
    keywords: able; absence; absolute; abstract; absurd; account; acid; acquaintance; acquainted; action; address; advance; advantage; ages; analogy; anatomy; ancient; ancon; animals; answer; apparatus; appeal; appearance; appendages; application; arguments; arisen; arrangement; artificial; assertion; assumption; astronomy; atlantic; attached; attempt; attention; authority; average; aware; basis; beauty; beginning; beings; belief; best; better; biology; birds; blood; bodies; body; book; botany; boy; boys; brain; branch; branches; british; broad; business; c'est; capable; carbonate; carbonic; careful; case; catholicism; causes; central; century; certain; chalk; changes; character; chemical; chemistry; child; children; circulation; circumstances; civilization; claim; class; classes; classification; clay; clear; clergy; clock; college; common; comparative; comparison; competent; complete; complex; composition; comte; conception; concerned; conclusions; conditions; congreve; consciousness; consequence; considerable; consideration; constitution; contemporaneity; content; contrary; conviction; corresponding; country; course; creation; creatures; cretaceous; curious; dans; darwin; darwinian; day; days; dead; deal; death; deduction; deep; definite; definition; degree; demonstration; deposits; descartes; desire; determined; development; devoid; devoted; differences; different; difficulties; difficulty; direct; direction; discipline; discourse; distinct; distinction; distinguished; distribution; division; doctrine; doubt; dry; duration; duty; earth; easy; educated; education; effect; elementary; elements; embryonic; eminent; end; endless; ends; england; english; epoch; equal; equilibrium; equivalent; essay; essence; essential; establishment; events; evidence; exact; examination; example; excellent; exercise; exhibit; existence; existing; exists; experience; experiment; explanation; express; expression; extension; extent; external; extinct; eyes; fact; faculties; fair; faith; fall; familiar; father; favour; fear; feet; female; fertility; field; final; fire; fish; fishes; fit; flourens; follow; following; foot; force; forms; fossil; foundation; free; fresh; friend; functions; fundamental; future; general; generation; geography; geological; geologists; geology; globe; globigerinæ; god; going; good; grand; granules; great; greater; greatest; ground; group; growth; habit; hair; half; hand; hard; harmony; head; heat; hidden; higher; highest; history; hold; hope; human; hume; hutton; hydrogen; hypothesis; ideas; identical; ignorance; ignorant; ill; imagine; immense; important; improvement; inch; increase; independent; individual; infinite; influence; information; innumerable; inquiry; instance; instruction; intellectual; intelligence; interesting; introduction; investigation; judgment; justification; kant; kind; kingdom; knowledge; known; kölliker; land; language; large; late; laws; lay; lead; learning; lecture; left; legs; length; les; liberal; life; light; like; likely; lime; limited; limits; line; little; live; living; lobster; london; long; longer; loss; lowest; lyell; machine; maillet; majority; making; man; mankind; manner; marble; mass; masses; material; materialism; mathematician; mathematics; matter; meaning; means; mechanical; medical; members; men; mere; method; middle; mill; mind; mineral; minute; modern; modification; molecular; moment; moon; moral; morphological; morphology; movements; mud; muscles; names; natural; natural knowledge; naturalists; nature; naturelle; nay; necessary; necessity; need; needful; negative; nerve; new; noble; notion; notre; number; object; objection; observation; observed; obvious; offspring; old; oldest; open; operation; opinion; opposite; order; ordinary; organic; organisms; organization; organs; origin; original; oxygen; palæontology; parents; particle; particular; parts; pass; passage; past; path; peculiar; peculiarities; people; perfect; period; persons; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; phrase; physical; physical science; physics; physiological; physiologist; physiology; phænomena; phénomènes; picture; piece; place; plague; plain; plants; pleasure; point; political; position; positive; possible; pour; power; practical; precise; preliminary; prepared; present; primary; primitive; principles; probable; problems; process; processes; produce; production; professor; profound; progress; progressive; proof; properties; proportion; propositions; protoplasm; proved; public; pure; purpose; quality; quantity; question; race; ram; rate; reach; read; reading; real; reason; reasoning; regard; relation; relative; remains; remarkable; reply; researches; respect; rest; result; retardation; return; rings; rise; rocks; royal; rule; run; schools; science; scientific; sea; second; selection; self; sense; series; set; share; sheep; shell; silurian; similar; similarity; simple; single; sir; size; small; social; society; solid; sort; soul; sound; source; south; space; special; species; specimens; speculation; spirit; spiritual; spread; stand; state; statement; step; sterility; stock; strange; strength; striking; strong; structure; student; studies; study; subject; substance; subtle; succession; sufficient; sun; supply; supposed; surface; system; systematic; tail; teacher; teaching; temperature; tendency; term; theology; theory; things; thomson; thought; time; title; training; true; truth; turn; turning; type; ultimate; unable; une; uniformitarianism; unity; universe; universities; university; unknown; use; useful; value; variation; varieties; variety; vast; vegetable; venture; verification; view; vigour; vital; vol; want; watch; water; way; ways; weight; white; wild; wisdom; wise; wish; women; wonderful; words; work; working; world; worse; worth; writer; writing; wrong; years; young; zoology
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        item: #4 of 36
          id: 18521
      author: Laing, S. (Samuel)
       title: An Expository Outline of the "Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation" With a Notice of the Author's "Explanations:" A Sequel to the Vestiges
        date: None
       words: 24258
      flesch: 53
     summary: By no change of conditions, says Dr. CLARKE, can two ova of animals of the same species be developed into different animal species; neither by any provision of identical conditions can two ova of different species be developed into animals of the same kind. The entoza are dwelt upon; they are creatures living in the interior of other animals, of which the tape-worm that infests the human body is a melancholy instance.
    keywords: action; advance; air; analysis; animals; appearance; arrangement; articulata; astral; atlas; atmosphere; attention; author; axis; beds; beginning; birds; bodies; carboniferous; causes; centre; certain; changes; chap; character; circumstances; class; classes; commencement; common; conclusion; conditions; conjecture; consequence; constitution; continents; continued; course; creation; deposits; development; different; divine; division; earliest; early; earth; embryo; england; entire; evidence; example; existence; experiment; external; extraordinary; facts; fire; fishes; fluid; force; formation; forms; forth; fossils; general; generation; geological; geology; germ; globe; globules; good; granite; gravitation; great; greater; heat; higher; highest; history; human; humblest; hypothesis; improvement; inferior; inorganic; inquiry; kind; kingdom; knowledge; known; land; laplace; law; laws; life; light; like; likely; little; living; london; long; lord; lower; lowest; luminous; manner; marine; masses; matter; means; mechanical; mere; miles; mind; mist; mode; mollusca; month; moral; motion; mountains; natural; nature; nebulous; new; news; nuclei; number; numerous; oats; observation; old; orbits; order; organic; organization; original; outline; parts; perfect; period; phenomena; physical; place; planet; plants; point; portion; position; powers; present; primitive; principle; process; produce; professor; progress; proof; purpose; reach; reason; recent; red; remains; reptiles; result; rocks; rotation; rotatory; rye; sandstone; scale; science; scientific; scotland; sea; seas; second; series; silurian; simple; solar; solid; space; species; specimens; stages; stars; state; step; strata; structure; subject; substance; successive; sun; superficial; surface; system; tertiary; theory; time; traces; transmutation; true; truth; type; universal; universe; vapour; varieties; vast; vegetable; vegetation; vestiges; view; vital; water; way; wild; work; world; years
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        item: #5 of 36
          id: 1909
      author: Seward, A. C. (Albert Charles)
       title: Darwin and Modern Science
        date: None
       words: 272576
      flesch: 55
     summary: It looks as if it had required almost ten years for The Origin of Species to show its full effect, since the year 1868 marks the publication of Haeckel's Naturliche Schoepfungsgeschichte in addition to other great works. We find the same state of things in many other species, and in one case (Elymnias undularis) in which the male is also mimetically coloured, it copies quite a differently coloured immune species from the model followed by the female.
    keywords: 1906; 1st; 2nd; 6th; aberrations; able; absence; absent; abstract; abundant; acceptance; accepted; accidental; accomplished; accordance; account; acid; acquisition; acting; actinium; action; active; activities; activity; acts; actual; adaptation; adapted; adaptive; addition; address; admirable; adult; advance; advantage; affinity; africa; agassiz; agencies; agency; ages; agreement; aid; aim; alfred; allied; alpha; alteration; altered; altogether; america; analogous; analogy; analysis; anatomical; anatomy; ancestors; ancestral; ancestry; ancient; angiosperms; animals; answer; anthropoid; anthropological; anthropology; apes; apex; apparent; appearance; applicable; application; appreciated; appropriate; april; arctic; areas; argument; arms; arrangement; artificial; ascending; aspect; associated; association; assumed; assumption; astonishing; atoms; attempt; attention; attitude; august; australia; author; authority; autobiography; available; average; aware; axis; bark; basis; bates; bateson; beagle; bearing; beautiful; beds; beetles; beginning; begins; behaviour; beings; belief; believing; beneficial; bentham; berlin; best; beta; better; bifurcation; biology; birds; birth; black; blood; bodies; bodily; body; book; botanical; botanists; botany; brain; branches; brazil; breeding; briefly; brilliant; british; broad; brother; brown; buds; buffon; burchell; butler; butterflies; butterfly; calcareous; cambridge; candolle; capable; capacity; carbon; carboniferous; career; careful; carriers; case; category; caterpillars; causal; causes; caution; cells; central; centre; century; cereals; certain; certain species; certainty; chance; changes; chapter; characterised; characteristic; characters; charles darwin; chemical; chemistry; chief; child; chloride; choice; christian; chromosomes; circle; circumnutation; circumstances; cit; civilisation; civilised; claim; clan; class; classes; classification; clay; clear; climate; climbing; close; club; clue; coast; cold; collected; collection; college; colour; coloured; colouring; combination; common; community; comparative; comparison; competition; complete; complex; complexity; complicated; compound; comte; conceivable; concentration; conception; concerned; conclusion; conditions; connected; connections; conscious; consciousness; consequence; conservative; considerable; consideration; conspicuous; constant; constituents; constitute; constitution; contact; contemporary; content; continents; continued; continuity; continuous; contrary; contrast; control; controversy; conviction; convinced; convincing; copy; correct; correlated; correspondence; corresponding; corresponds; council; countries; country; course; creation; creatures; cretaceous; critical; criticism; cross; crossed; crossing; crowded; cryptogams; cultivation; curious; current; curvature; curve; cut; cuvier; cycadophyta; cycads; cycle; danger; dark; darwin; darwinian; darwinism; das; data; date; daughter; day; days; dead; deal; dealing; death; decorative; deep; defence; definite; degree; delicate; density; derivation; descendants; descent; description; design; desire; destruction; detail; detailed; determinants; determined; determining; developed; development; deviations; devoted; die; differences; different; different forms; different species; differentiation; difficult; difficulties; diminished; diploid; direct; direction; discontinuous; discoveries; discovery; discussion; dispersal; display; distance; distant; distinct; distinction; distinguished; distribution; disuse; divergent; divine; division; doctrine; dogma; dogs; domain; dominant; door; double; doubt; dry; e.g.; earlier; earliest; early; earth; east; eastern; easy; edinburgh; edition; educability; effect; effective; effort; egg; eggs; eighteenth; elaborate; electric; elementary; elements; emanation; embryo; embryology; embryonic; eminent; emotional; emotions; emphasis; end; ends; enemies; energy; england; english; enormous; environment; eocene; epoch; equal; equilibrium; erasmus darwin; ernst; error; escape; essay; essence; essential; established; ethical; ethics; europe; european; events; evidence; evident; evolution; evolution theory; evolutionary; evolutionist; exact; examination; example; excellent; excited; exhibit; existence; existing; expedition; experience; experiments; explanation; expressed; expression; extended; extension; extensive; extent; external; extinct; extinction; extraordinary; extreme; eyes; f. darwin; f.r.s; fact; factors; faculties; faculty; fair; faith; fall; false; familiar; families; family; famous; far; father; fauna; favourable; features; february; feet; fellow; female; ferns; fertile; fertilisation; fertilised; fertility; field; figure; final; fine; firm; fish; fishes; fittest; fixed; flora; flowering; flowers; fluctuations; following; food; foot; forces; form; formation; formula; forward; fossil; foundation; fourth; france; francis darwin; free; french; frequent; fresh; friend; fritz; frog; fruit; function; fundamental; future; galapagos; gamma; garden; genealogical; general; generation; genetic; genus; geographical; geography; geological; geologists; geology; germ; germany; germinal; glacial; god; goethe; gold; good; government; gradual; grains; gravitation; gravity; great; great work; greater; greatest; green; ground; group; growing; growth; guppy; gymnosperms; habit; haeckel; hair; half; hand; hard; harmony; head; heart; hegel; heliotropic; help; henslow; herbert; heredity; heterogeneous; higher; highest; historical; history; hitherto; hold; holding; home; homo; homologous; hooker; hope; horizontal; horses; hours; human; human species; hutton; huxley; hybridisation; hybrids; hypothesis; hypothetical; i. page; ibid; idea; identical; iii; illegitimate; illustration; imitation; immediate; immense; immune; important; improved; improvement; impulse; inclined; increase; independent; indian; indication; indirect; individual; inevitable; influence; inhabitants; inheritance; inherited; initial; injurious; injury; inner; inquiry; insects; instance; instinctive; instincts; intellectual; intelligence; intelligible; intensity; interest; interesting; intermediate; internal; interpretation; intimate; introduction; investigation; investigators; islands; isolated; isolation; italian; jena; john; journal; judge; july; justice; justified; kant; kind; kingdom; klebs; knowledge; known; l.l; laboratory; labours; lamarck; lamarckian; land; language; large; larvae; later; lateral; law; laws; layers; lead; leading; leaf; leaves; lectures; left; leipzig; length; lepidoptera; letters; level; life; light; like; likely; likeness; limbs; limited; limits; line; linnean; lion; liquid; literature; little; live; living; loc; local; london; long; long time; longer; longitudinal; look; loss; lost; love; lowest; lycopods; lyell; machine; madagascar; magic; magnitude; main; maintain; majority; making; males; malthus; mammalian; mammals; man; mankind; manner; march; marine; marked; mass; masses; material; matter; max; meaning; means; measure; mechanical; mechanism; meeting; members; membrane; memoir; memory; mental; mention; mere; merit; mesozoic; method; middle; migration; mimetic; mimicry; mind; minerals; minute; miocene; mixture; modern; modes; modification; modified; moment; momentum; monistic; monkeys; months; moral; morgan; morphological; morphology; moth; motion; movement; mr darwin; muller; multiplication; muscles; museum; mutation; mythology; nageli; names; narrative; narrow; native; natural; natural history; natural science; natural selection; naturalists; nature; near; nearer; nearest; necessary; necessity; need; negative; nervous; new; new forms; new species; newton; nineteenth; non; normal; north; northern; notes; notice; november; nuclear; nuclei; nucleus; number; numerous; nutrition; object; objections; observations; observed; obvious; occasion; occur; occurrence; ocean; october; oenothera; offspring; old; oldest; oligocene; ones; open; operation; opinion; opposed; opposite; orbit; orchids; order; ordinary; orenda; organic; organic evolution; organisation; organised; organism; organs; origin; original; osborn; outcome; outer; outline; outside; ovules; owen; oxford; pacific; page; pair; pairing; palaeontological; palaeontology; palaeozoic; paley; pangenesis; paper; papilio; parallel; parents; particles; particular; parts; passage; passing; past; path; pattern; peculiar; peculiarities; people; perception; perfect; period; permanent; personal; personality; pfeffer; phase; phenomena; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; phylogenetic; phylogeny; phylum; physical; physiological; physiology; picture; piece; pithecanthropus; place; planetary; plants; plasm; plates; play; pleasure; point; pointed; political; pollen; pollination; popular; position; positive; possess; possession; possibilities; possibility; possible; poulton; power; powerful; practical; practice; preceding; predecessors; preliminary; preparation; prepared; presence; present; presentation; preserved; pressure; previous; primary; primigenius; primitive; primula; principal; principle; priori; probability; probable; problem; proceed; process; processes; production; products; professor; progenitor; progress; progressive; prolonged; prominent; proof; proper; properties; property; proportion; protective; protoplasm; psychical; psychological; psychology; publication; pupae; pure; purpose; qualities; quality; quantitative; quantity; question; quote; races; radiation; radio; radium; rank; rapid; rare; rational; rays; reach; reactions; reader; ready; real; reality; reason; recapitulation; recent; recognition; record; reduced; reefs; reference; regard; regions; regular; related; relation; relationship; relative; religion; religious; remains; remarkable; remarks; remote; report; representatives; reproductive; reptiles; research; resemblance; resemble; respect; response; restricted; result; return; reverse; review; rich; rise; ritual; river; rocks; room; root; rotation; royal; rudimentary; rudiments; rule; rutherford; sac; salts; satellite; satisfaction; satisfactory; satisfied; savage; scale; scattered; scheme; schleicher; school; science; scientific; scope; scott; sea; seas; second; secondary; section; sedgwick; seed; seedlings; seeking; selection; selection theory; self; sense; sensitive; sensitiveness; separate; series; service; set; sets; seward; sexes; sexual; sexual selection; shape; sharp; shell; shoots; short; shows; shrewsbury; sides; significance; similar; simple; simplest; single; sir; size; skeleton; sketch; skin; skull; small; smaller; social; societies; society; sociology; sodium; soil; solid; solution; soul; sound; source; south; southern; space; special; species; specific; specimens; speculations; speculative; speech; spencer; sphere; spirit; spite; splendid; spots; spread; sprengel; stability; stable; stage; stamens; stand; standard; standpoint; starfish; stars; starting; statement; states; statistical; steps; sterile; sterility; stigma; stimulation; stimuli; stimulus; stock; stone; strata; stream; strength; stress; striking; stripes; strong; stronger; strongest; structure; struggle; student; studies; study; subject; subsequent; substance; successful; successive; sudden; sufficient; suggestion; summary; summer; sun; superficial; superiority; supersensuous; supply; support; surface; surprised; surprising; survey; survival; survive; system; systematic; task; taste; teaching; teeth; teleology; temperature; tendency; tendril; terms; tertiary; theology; theoretical; theories; theory; things; thinkers; thinking; thomson; thorium; thorough; thought; time; tip; tissue; touch; trace; tradition; transformation; translation; transmission; transmutation; transport; treatment; tree; trend; tribe; tropical; true; truth; tube; twins; type; typical; uber; ultimate; unable; understanding; unequal; uniform; uniformity; union; united; units; universal; universe; university; unknown; unstable; upper; uranium; urchin; use; useful; useless; usual; utility; validity; valuable; value; vanessa; variability; variable; variations; varied; varieties; variety; varying; vascular; vast; vegetable; vegetative; velocity; vertebrates; vertical; view; vigorous; vigour; vii; viii; virtue; visible; vital; volcanic; vols; volume; von; voyage; vries; wallace; walls; warm; warning; way; ways; wealth; weight; weismann; west; western; white; wide; wife; wild; william; wings; winter; woman; wonderful; words; work; workers; working; world; writer; writing; wrong; wundt; years; young; zealand; zoology; zur
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        item: #6 of 36
          id: 19192
      author: Hodge, Charles
       title: What is Darwinism?
        date: None
       words: 40845
      flesch: 65
     summary: And further, admitting the special claims to deference on the part of scientific men, other men have their rights. This, as the whole context shows, means that a man in order to be entitled to be heard on the evolution theory, must be willing to renounce his faith not only in the Bible, but in God, in the soul, in a future life, and become a monistic materialist.[46] It is very reasonable that scientific men, in common with lawyers and physicians and other professional men, should feel themselves entitled to be heard with special deference on subjects belonging to their respective departments.
    keywords: 12mo; 8vo; account; action; activity; address; advocates; agassiz; agency; animals; answer; argument; artificial; assumption; atheism; attention; author; basis; beauty; beings; belief; bible; blind; body; book; büchner; case; causes; certain; change; character; christ; church; class; clear; cloth; common; conclusion; conditions; consciousness; constant; contrivance; control; conviction; course; creation; creative; creator; creatures; d.d; darwin; darwinian; darwinism; dawson; day; dead; death; degree; denial; descent; design; development; different; difficulty; direct; distinct; distinguished; divine; doctrine; doubt; duke; earth; edition; effect; efficiency; end; endowed; eternal; evidence; evolution; evolutionist; existence; explanation; eye; fact; faith; far; favorable; final; fittest; footnotes; force; formation; forms; general; generation; germ; god; good; gray; great; ground; haeckel; henslow; higher; highest; history; human; huxley; hypothesis; idea; important; impossible; individual; infinite; instincts; intelligence; intended; intervention; kind; knowledge; large; laws; library; life; like; little; living; london; long; main; man; manner; materialism; matter; means; mechanical; men; mental; mere; millions; mind; miracles; molecules; monistic; moral; motion; natural; natural selection; naturalists; nature; necessary; necessity; new; objection; old; operation; opinion; order; organic; organisms; organs; origin; page; paper; paul; perfect; period; personal; phenomena; philosophical; philosophy; physical; place; plants; point; popular; power; present; price; primordial; principal; principle; process; production; professor; proof; properties; purpose; question; reason; reference; relation; religion; religious; result; rev; right; science; scientific; second; selection; self; sense; set; short; simple; sir; slight; soul; special; species; spencer; spirit; state; strauss; structure; struggle; subject; substance; supernatural; survival; system; teleology; terms; testimony; theories; theory; things; thought; time; true; truth; und; universe; unknown; variations; varieties; variety; vegetable; vestiges; view; vital; vogt; volume; von; wallace; way; wonderful; words; work; world; years; york
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        item: #7 of 36
          id: 2009
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection Or, the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life, 6th Edition
        date: None
       words: 208990
      flesch: 46
     summary: In these works he up holds the doctrine that all species, including man, are descended from other species. XIV, page 283) on the Spongilla, clearly declares his belief that species are descended from other species, and that they become improved in the course of modification.
    keywords: --of; --on; abnormal; aboriginal; abrupt; absence; accidental; accordance; account; accumulation; action; actual; adaptation; adapted; adjoining; admirable; adult; advanced; advantage; advantageous; affected; affinities; affinity; africa; agency; aid; air; allied; alpine species; altered; america; analogical; analogous; analogy; ancient; animals; answer; apparent; appearance; aquatic; archipelago; arctic; area; argument; arrangement; assumed; attached; attention; attribute; australia; australian species; authors; average; barriers; base; bats; beak; bear; bearing; beautiful; beauty; beds; bees; beetles; beings; belief; beneficial; best; better; birds; birth; black; blind; blood; blue; bodies; body; bones; botanists; branches; branchiae; breeders; breeding; breeds; briefly; britain; british; broken; butterflies; cambrian; candolle; capable; capacity; cape; care; case; cattle; causes; caves; cells; central; certain species; change; chapter; characteristic; characters; chief; circumstances; cirripedes; class; classes; classification; clear; climate; close; clover; cold; colour; coloured; comb; commencement; common; common species; community; comparison; competition; complete; complex; conclusion; conditions; confined; confinement; connected; consecutive; considerable; considerations; constant; constitution; construction; continent; continued; continuous; convinced; correlated; correlation; corresponding; countries; country; course; creation; crossed; crossed species; crossing; crustaceans; cuckoo; curious; day; days; definite; degree; denudation; deposits; descendants; descended; descent; destruction; determine; developed; development; deviations; diagram; differences; different forms; different species; different varieties; difficulties; difficulty; diffused; direct; direction; dispersal; distance; distant; distinct forms; distinct species; distinction; distribution; district; disuse; divergence; diversified; diversity; division; doctrine; dog; dogs; domestic; domestic animals; domestic varieties; domestication; dominant species; double; doubt; doubtful species; duck; duration; earlier; early; earth; economy; effects; eggs; element; embryo; embryonic; enabled; endemic species; enemies; england; english; enormous; epoch; equal; escape; europe; european; european species; evidence; examples; excellent; exception; existence; existing; experience; experiments; explanation; extended; extent; extermination; external; extinct; extinction; extraordinary; extreme; eye; eyes; facility; facts; families; family; far; faunas; favourable; favoured; feathers; feet; females; fertile; fertilisation; fertility; fish; fishes; fittest; fixed; flat; flora; flowers; fly; flying; following; follows; food; forbes; force; foregoing; formations; forms; fossil species; fossils; free; frequent; fresh; fruit; function; future; gain; galapagos; gartner; genealogical; genera; generations; generic; genus; geoffroy; geographical; geological; geologists; geology; giraffe; glacial; glands; good; good species; goose; gradations; grades; gradual; grains; gray; great; greater; greatest; groups; growth; habits; hair; half; hand; hatched; having; head; hemisphere; high; higher; highest; hilaire; history; hive; hold; homes; homologous; hooker; hope; horns; horse; hours; huber; humble; hybrids; idea; identical species; ignorance; ignorant; illegitimate; illustration; immense; imperfect; important; improved; improvement; incipient species; increase; independent; india; indispensable; individuals; inexplicable; influence; inhabitants; inhabited; inheritance; inherited; injurious; innumerable; innumerable species; insects; instance; instincts; intercrossing; interesting; intermediate; intermediate varieties; intervals; islands; isolated; jaws; judge; kept; kind; kingdom; known; kolreuter; labour; lamellae; lapse; large; larvae; laws; lead; leading; leaves; left; legs; length; lesser; level; liable; life; like; likely; limbs; limit; lines; little; live; living; living species; local; long; longer; lost; lowest; lowlands; lyell; madeira; mainland; majority; malay; male; mammals; manner; marine; marked; marsupials; mass; masters; matter; means; members; membrane; mere; migration; miles; mind; minute; mivart; modification; modified; mongrels; mother; mountains; movement; muller; multitude; mutual; native; natural selection; natural species; naturalists; nature; near; nearest; necessary; nectar; need; nest; new forms; new species; new varieties; north; northern; number; numerous; objections; objects; observations; observed; obvious; occasional; occur; oceanic; offer; offspring; old; open; opinion; opposed; opposite; orchids; order; ordinary; organic; organisation; organised; organisms; organs; origin; original species; owen; page; pair; palaeozoic; parallelism; parasitic; parent; parent species; particular; parts; pass; past; peculiar species; pedicellariae; perfect; perfection; period; perish; permanent; petals; physical; physiological; pigeon; pistil; place; plains; plants; plates; play; points; pollen; position; possible; power; presence; present; preservation; preserved; prey; principle; probability; probable; process; productions; professor; profitable; progenitor; progress; proper; proportion; pure species; purpose; quadrupeds; quarters; question; races; range; ranging; rank; rapid; rare; reach; real; reason; recent; reciprocal; record; reduced; regard; regions; related; relation; relative; remains; remarkable; remarks; remote; representative species; reproductive; reptiles; resemblance; resemble; respect; result; return; reversion; right; rise; rock; round; rudimentary; rule; run; sake; saw; scale; sea; secondary; sediment; seedlings; seeds; self; sense; separated; series; service; set; severe; sexes; sexual; shape; sheep; shells; shores; short; showing; shows; sides; silurian; similar; similarity; simple; single species; singular; sir; size; skin; slaves; slight; slow; small; smaller; source; south; southern; space; special; species; species --on; specific; specimens; spheres; spot; stages; stamens; standard; state; statement; steps; sterile; sterility; stigma; stock; stocked; strange; strata; striking; striped; strong; structure; struggle; study; subject; subordinate; subsequent; subsidence; successive; sudden; sufficient; summary; supplanted; support; supposed; sure; surface; surprise; surprising; survival; survive; swim; system; systematic; tail; teeth; temperate; tendency; term species; terrestrial; terrestrial species; tertiary; tertiary species; theory; thickness; things; thought; thousands; time; trace; transitional; transport; trees; trifling; true species; truth; tumbler; turn; type; unconscious; undergone; understand; undoubted species; uniform; united; universal; unknown; unusual; upper; use; useful; useless; value; variability; variable; variations; varied; varieties; variety; varying; vast; vegetable; view; vigorous; viscid; volume; wallace; water; water species; wax; way; ways; weight; white; wide; wild species; wings; wolf; wonderful; work; workers; world; years; yield; young; zealand
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        item: #8 of 36
          id: 20556
      author: Packard, A. S. (Alpheus Spring)
       title: Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution His Life and Work
        date: None
       words: 132087
      flesch: 61
     summary: In the appendix to this book (1802) he thus refers to his change of views: I have for a long time thought that _species_ were constant in nature, and that they were constituted by the individuals which belong to each of them. December 26, 1827, Latreille asked to be allowed to employ Boisduval as a _préparateur_; he became the author of several works on injurious insects and Lepidoptera. CHAPTER VI POSITION IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE; OPINIONS OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES AND SOME LATER BIOLOGISTS De Blainville, a worthy successor of Lamarck, in his posthumous book, _Cuvier et Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire_, pays the highest tribute to his predecessor, whose position as the leading naturalist of his time he fully and gratefully acknowledges, saying: Among the men whose lectures I have had the advantage of hearing, I truly recognize only three masters, M. de Lamarck, M. Claude Richard, and M. Pinel (p. 43).
    keywords: 1792; 8vo; abbé; able; academy; account; acquire; acting; action; active; activity; adaptation; address; adds; advanced; age; ages; aid; allied; american; analogues; anatomy; ancient; animals; animaux; ann; answer; appearance; approach; april; aquatic; arrangement; article; artificial; assembly; atmosphere; atrophy; attached; attempt; attention; august; author; base; basin; bazentin; bearing; beds; beginning; beings; besoins; best; better; biology; birds; birth; blainville; blind; bodies; body; bones; bonnet; book; botanical; botanique; botanist; botany; brain; branches; breadth; broad; bruguière; buffon; bull; burial; butler; cabinet; calcareous; career; careful; cases; cause; cease; centre; century; certain; chair; changes; chapter; characters; charles; chemical; chemistry; chevalier; chief; children; church; circumstances; claim; classes; classification; clear; climate; close; coal; collection; color; comme; committee; common; comparative; complete; complex; complicated; composition; comprehensive; conceive; condition; considerable; consideration; consistence; constant; contemporaries; continents; continual; continued; continuous; contract; contrary; convention; convinced; cope; corps; countries; country; course; creation; crustacea; currents; cuvier; d'hist; d'ouverture; d'un; dans; darwin; darwinism; date; daubenton; day; days; de france; de lamarck; de paris; death; december; deep; degradation; degree; deposits; des; descent; descriptions; desire; details; developed; development; devoted; differences; different; different animals; different species; difficult; digits; dimensions; direct; direction; disappear; discours; discovery; discussion; disposition; distinct; distinguished; distribution; disuse; diversified; diversity; division; doctrine; domestic; doubt; dry; duration; duval; earlier; early; earth; easy; edition; effects; efforts; eighteenth; elevated; eminent; emotions; end; england; english; enormous; entire; environment; environs; epoch; erasmus; erect; error; espèces; essay; essential; establishment; et de; europe; evidence; evident; evolution; exact; example; excellent; execution; exercise; existence; existing; experience; experiments; expression; extended; extensive; extent; external; extinct; extreme; eyes; factors; facts; faculties; faculty; familiar; families; family; famous; father; favorable; features; february; feeling; feet; felt; feu; field; fig; fingers; fishes; fixed; flore; fluids; flying; following; follows; food; footnotes; force; foreign; form; formation; fossil; fossiles; foundation; founder; france; française; free; french; frequent; fresh; friend; functions; fundamental; garden; geikie; general; generation; genres; genus; geoffroy; geological; geology; germany; germs; giraffe; globe; good; grand; grave; great; greater; greatest; ground; groups; growth; habits; habitual; half; hamy; hand; having; haüy; head; heat; heredity; higher; highest; hilaire; hind; histoire; history; house; human; huxley; hyatt; hydrogéologie; hypothesis; idea; iii; illustration; immense; imperfect; important; in-8vo; increase; individuals; industry; influence; inner; insects; instinct; institute; instruction; intellectual; intelligence; intendant; interest; interesting; interior; internal; introduction; invertebrate; invertebrate animals; islands; isolation; jardin; journ; journal; judgment; july; june; jussieu; kind; kingdom; knowledge; known; l'an; l'homme; l'organisation; la nature; labors; lack; lakanal; lamarck; lamarckian; land; lapse; large; latreille; law; laws; leaves; lectures; left; legs; leibnitz; length; les; letters; leur; level; life; light; like; limbs; limited; limits; line; linné; little; lives; living; local; long; long time; longer; loss; louis; lowest; lyell; m. de; making; mammals; man; manner; marine; marked; mass; masses; material; matter; means; mechanical; meditations; memoir; memory; mention; method; milieu; mind; minerals; minute; modern; modification; modified; modifying; molluscs; mollusques; monad; monet; monuments; moon; mortillet; mountains; movements; multiplication; multitude; muscles; museum; mémoire; même; names; national; natural; naturalist; nature; naturelle; near; necessary; necessity; neck; needs; neolamarckism; nervous; new; new species; north; notice; notion; nouveau; nouvelle; number; numerous; objects; observations; observed; occur; ocean; offer; officers; old; opening; opinion; opposed; order; organic; organisms; organization; organized; organs; origin; original; origination; p. de; page; palæontological; palæontology; paper; paris; particular; pas; passage; perfect; period; permanent; perrier; phenomena; philosophical; philosophie; physical; physics; physiological; physique; place; plain; plants; plates; point; polyps; portions; portrait; position; positive; possesses; possible; pour; power; preface; prepared; presence; present; preservation; preserved; previous; prey; primary; primitive; principal; principles; probable; proceedings; process; production; professor; profound; progress; proofs; propensities; proportion; public; publication; qu'il; quadrumana; quadrupeds; quantity; question; qui; quotes; race; radiaires; rank; rare; reach; reality; reason; reasoning; recent; recherches; records; reference; regards; regions; regular; relations; relative; remains; remarkable; remarks; report; reptiles; require; researches; respect; result; return; revue; rise; rivers; rocks; roi; rousseau; royal; saint; salary; sans; saying; scale; school; science; scientific; sea; seas; second; selection; selective; self; sense; sentiment; separate; series; set; sexual; shape; shells; short; sides; similar; simple; simplest; single; singular; situated; situation; size; skeleton; sketch; slow; small; soc; society; société; soil; solid; sound; source; special; species; specific; speculations; spencer; spirit; spite; spontaneous; stability; standing; state; statement; steps; strata; strength; striking; strong; structure; struggle; studies; study; subject; substance; subtile; succession; sudden; sufficient; support; supposed; supreme; sur; surface; surroundings; susceptible; system; systematic; système; tableau; teeth; temperature; term; terrestrial; tertiary; theory; things; thought; time; tome; total; traces; trees; true; truth; type; unable; une; united; universal; unknown; use; useful; uses; value; variations; varied; varieties; variety; vast; vegetable; vertebrates; vertèbres; views; viii; village; vital; vivans; volume; wants; water; way; wild; word; work; working; worms; writer; writings; xii; years; york; young; zoologique; zoölogical; zoölogist; zoölogy; | |; éloge
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        item: #9 of 36
          id: 20818
      author: Mivart, St. George Jackson
       title: On the Genesis of Species
        date: None
       words: 89507
      flesch: 54
     summary: The lower cell of each of the two fertile anthers, which is much reduced and different from the superior even in _Salvia officinalis_, is transmuted in other _salviæ_ into an organ (nectarotheca) having a very different form and function, and finally disappears entirely in _Salvia verticillata_. races_ have undoubtedly so arisen (some striking instances having been here recorded), and it is at least conceivable that such may be the mode of _specific_ manifestation generally, the possible conditions as to which will be considered in a later chapter.
    keywords: 5th; absence; absolute; abundant; acceptance; accepted; accidental; account; action; adult; affected; affinity; africa; air; allied; america; analogous; anatomy; ancestors; ancestral; ancient; animals; anterior; apes; appearance; appendages; approach; archipelago; argument; aspect; assertion; atoms; attributes; australia; author; authority; aye; baleen; bat; bearing; beasts; beautiful; beauty; bee; beginnings; belief; beneficial; better; birds; black; body; bones; book; breed; butterflies; butterfly; capable; careful; carinate; case; causes; celebes; cell; certain; cetacea; chances; change; chapter; characters; christian; circumstances; cit; class; climate; close; colour; column; common; comparative; complete; complex; component; conceivable; conception; conclusion; conditions; consequences; considerable; consideration; consists; constant; constitute; contrary; corresponding; course; creation; creator; creatures; crystalline; crystals; curious; cuttle; darwin; darwinian; darwinism; day; degree; dentition; derivative; descendants; descent; developed; development; differences; different; difficulties; difficulty; dinosauria; direct; direction; distant; distinct; distinction; distinguished; distribution; diverse; divine; division; doctrine; dogma; dogs; domestication; doubt; dragon; duty; early; earth; echinus; edition; effect; elements; equal; european; evidence; evolution; evolutionary; example; exceedingly; exceptional; exclusive; exhibit; existence; existing; exists; experience; explanation; expression; external; extinct; extreme; eye; eyes; facts; far; favour; favourable; feathers; female; final; fishes; fittest; flower; flying; food; foot; force; formation; forms; fortuitous; fresh; function; furnished; future; gemmules; general; generation; genetic; genus; geographical; geological; giraffe; god; good; gradual; great; greater; ground; group; guinea; habit; hand; harmonious; harmony; head; herbert; higher; highest; history; homologous; homology; horse; human; huxley; hybrids; hypothesis; i. p.; ibid; ideas; iii; illustration; important; incipient; increase; indefinite; independent; indian; individual; inexplicable; inferior; infinitesimal; influence; innate; inner; inorganic; insectivorous; insects; instances; intelligence; interest; intermediate; internal; intervals; intuitions; islands; john; kangaroo; kind; knowledge; known; large; laws; leaf; leaves; lectures; left; legs; length; life; like; limbs; limits; lines; little; living; lobster; loc; long; lowest; mammals; man; manifestation; manner; marked; mass; material; matter; means; mere; mimicry; mind; minute; mode; modifications; modified; moment; moral; morality; murphy; muscles; mysterious; natural; natural selection; naturalists; nature; nay; necessary; neck; need; new; new species; non; north; notion; number; numerous; objections; obscure; observation; offspring; old; operation; opinion; orchids; order; ordinary; organic; organisms; organization; organized; organs; origin; origination; outer; owen; page; pangenesis; paradise; parents; particular; parts; past; peacock; peculiar; perfect; period; phenomena; philosophy; physical; physiological; pigeon; place; placental; plain; plants; plates; pleasure; point; pollen; position; positive; possess; possible; power; presence; present; preservation; preserved; primary; primitive; principles; priori; probability; probable; problem; process; processes; production; professor; pterodactyles; pure; question; race; real; reason; recent; reduced; regard; relations; relationship; religion; religious; remains; remarkable; remote; repose; reptiles; requisite; resemblance; respect; result; resulting; reversion; review; right; rise; rudimentary; savages; saying; science; scientific; sea; second; secondary; segmentation; segments; selection; self; sense; separate; serial; series; sexual; shell; short; sides; silurian; similar; similarity; simultaneous; single; singular; sir; size; skeleton; skin; skull; slight; small; smaller; soc; society; sole; soul; south; space; special; species; specific; spencer; spite; spontaneous; stability; stable; stages; state; sterility; strange; strata; striking; structure; struggle; struthious; subject; subordinate; successive; sudden; sufficient; superfluous; supernatural; support; surface; survival; symmetrical; symmetry; system; tail; teeth; tendencies; tendency; term; theism; theory; things; thinking; thought; time; toes; transitional; true; truth; type; unity; universe; unknown; upper; useful; utilitarian; utility; variability; variations; varieties; variety; vast; vertebrate; vertical; view; walking; wallace; watch; water; way; ways; whales; white; wild; william; wing; wonderful; words; work; world; writers; years; young; zealand; zool
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        item: #10 of 36
          id: 2089
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: On the Reception of the 'Origin of Species'
        date: None
       words: 9279
      flesch: 48
     summary: We have not even the excuse that, thirty years ago, Mr. Darwin was an obscure novice, who had no claims on our attention. Confession unaccompanied by penitence, however, affords no ground for mitigation of judgment; and the kindliness with which Mr. Darwin speaks of his assailant, Bishop Wilberforce (vol. ii.), is so striking an exemplification of his singular gentleness and modesty, that it rather increases one's indignation against the presumption of his critic.)
    keywords: animals; answer; arguments; book; causation; causes; certain; chance; charles; conviction; course; creation; darwin; darwinian; day; days; deity; doctrine; doubt; evidence; evolution; face; fact; faith; forms; foundation; general; generation; genesis; geological; good; great; greater; ground; half; history; hypothesis; influence; knowledge; lamarck; law; letter; life; like; little; living; long; lyell; man; march; men; mind; modern; natural; nature; new; objection; order; organic; origin; page; physical; place; plants; present; question; reasonable; reception; remarkable; respect; science; scientific; selection; sense; set; sir; species; teleology; theory; things; thought; time; transmutation; truth; universe; vestiges; views; volume; way; whewell; work; world; years
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        item: #11 of 36
          id: 22728
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: The Foundations of the Origin of Species Two Essays written in 1842 and 1844
        date: None
       words: 92591
      flesch: 58
     summary: {288} The distinction between _faculty_ and _instinct_ corresponds in some degree to that between perception of a stimulus and a specific reaction. If _species_ generate other _species_
    keywords: abortive; acquired; action; adaptation; adapted; advantage; affected; affinities; affinity; africa; agency; ages; aid; allied; alpine; america; analogous; analogy; ancient; animals; apparent; appearance; archipelago; arctic; area; argument; arteries; asiatic; attention; australia; author; average; barriers; bat; beings; best; better; birds; birth; body; book; bred; breeding; breeds; buds; cabbage; capable; cape; care; case; cattle; causes; certain; chance; changes; chapter; characters; circumstances; classes; classification; clear; climate; coast; colour; common; complicated; conclusion; conditions; congenital; connected; considerable; constant; constitutional; continent; continued; corporeal; corresponding; corresponds; countries; country; course; creation; creator; crossed; crossing; darwin; date; death; degree; deposits; descendants; descent; developed; differences; different; different species; difficulties; difficulty; direct; discussion; disease; distant; distinct; distinct species; distinction; distribution; districts; diverse; divisions; dog; dogs; domestic; domestication; doubt; earlier; early; earth; economy; editor; effect; eggs; elevation; embryo; embryonic; ends; entire; essay; europe; evidence; evolution; existence; explanation; extermination; external; extinct; extinction; eye; facts; faculty; families; family; far; fauna; favourable; fertile; fertility; fish; floras; flowers; following; food; foregoing; formation; forms; fossil; free; future; galapagos; genera; generations; genus; geographical; geological; geologists; geology; good; gradation; gradual; great; greater; groups; grown; growth; habits; hand; hereditary; high; higher; history; horns; horse; hybrids; i. p.; i. pp; identical; iii; illegible; importance; increase; india; individuals; inhabitants; inheritance; insects; instance; instincts; interesting; intermediate; introduction; islands; isolated; jaws; kind; knowledge; known; large; law; laws; legs; length; lesser; letters; life; like; limbs; limit; lines; little; living; long; longer; lyell; main; making; male; mammifers; man; manner; margin; marine; marked; matter; meaning; means; mental; mere; metamorphosed; mind; modified; morphology; mountains; natural; naturalists; nature; nearest; necessary; new; new conditions; new species; note; number; numerous; object; obvious; occasional; offspring; old; ones; opposite; ordinary; organic; organisms; organization; organs; origin; original; otter; page; paper; parent; particular; parts; passage; past; peculiar; peculiarities; peculiarity; perfect; period; physical; pigeons; place; plants; plastic; points; pollen; possibility; possible; power; present; preservation; preserved; principles; probable; production; professor; quadrupeds; question; races; ranges; rare; reason; recent; record; regions; related; relation; remark; remarkable; reproductive; resemblance; respect; result; rhinoceros; rudimentary; rule; run; sea; second; secondary; section; seeds; selected; selecting; selection; sentence; separate; series; sheep; shells; short; shows; sides; similar; similarity; simple; single; size; sketch; slight; slow; small; south; space; species; sports; stages; state; statement; stations; sterile; sterility; stock; striking; strong; structure; struggle; sub; subject; subsidence; successive; sudden; summits; system; teeth; tendency; terrestrial; tertiary; theory; thought; time; transitional; trees; true; true species; type; unity; unknown; use; useful; useless; value; variability; variable; variation; varieties; variety; varying; vertebræ; view; vol; volcanic; water; way; wide; wild; wish; wonderful; words; work; world; years; young
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        item: #12 of 36
          id: 22764
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. (2nd edition)
        date: None
       words: 158252
      flesch: 48
     summary: Moreover, as Gärtner during several years repeatedly crossed the primrose and cowslip, which we have such good reason to believe to be varieties, and only once or twice succeeded in getting fertile seed; as he found the common red and blue pimpernels (Anagallis arvensis and coerulea), which the best botanists rank as varieties, absolutely sterile together; and as he came to the same conclusion in several other analogous cases; it seems to me that we may well be permitted to doubt whether many other species are really so sterile, when intercrossed, as Gärtner believes. ----, effect of, under nature, 134. ----, diversified, of same species, 183. Hair and teeth, correlated,
    keywords: ---of; ---on; aboriginal; absence; account; accumulation; action; adaptation; adjoining; admirable; adult; advantage; affected; affinities; affinity; agency; ages; aid; air; allied; alpine species; america; analogous; analogy; ancient; animals; appearance; aquatic; archipelago; arctic; area; arrangement; attribute; australia; authors; average; beak; bear; beds; bees; beetles; beings; belief; best; better; birds; blind; blue; body; bones; branches; breeding; breeds; britain; british; broken; capable; case; cattle; causes; cells; certain; certain species; change; chapter; characters; circumstances; cirripedes; class; classes; classification; clear; climate; close; coast; cold; colour; coloured; comb; common; common species; community; comparison; competition; complex; conclusion; conditions; confined; connected; consecutive; considerable; considerations; constant; constitution; continent; continued; continuous; convinced; correlated; correlation; corresponding; countries; country; course; creation; crossed; crossing; curious; day; days; degree; deposits; descendants; descent; destruction; developed; development; diagram; differences; different; different species; different varieties; difficulties; difficulty; direct; dispersal; distance; distant; distinct species; distinction; distribution; disuse; divergence; diversified; diversity; dogs; domestic; domestication; dominant species; doubt; doubtful species; duration; earlier; early; earth; economy; effects; eggs; element; embryo; embryonic; endemic species; england; enormous; epoch; equal; europe; european; evidence; existence; existing; experiments; explanation; extent; external; extinct; extinction; extraordinary; extreme; eye; eyes; facility; facts; families; family; far; favourable; favoured; feathers; feet; females; fertile; fertility; fish; fishes; flora; flowers; flying; following; food; foregoing; formations; forms; fossil; fossil species; fossiliferous; frequent; fresh; fruit; function; future; galapagos; genera; generations; generic; genus; geographical; geological; geology; glacial; good; gradations; great; greater; groups; growth; gärtner; habits; hand; having; head; high; higher; highest; history; hive; homes; homologous; hooker; hope; horns; horse; humble; hybrids; identical species; imperfect; important; improved; improvement; incipient species; increase; independent; individuals; inexplicable; influence; inhabitants; inhabited; inheritance; injurious; innumerable; innumerable species; insects; instance; instincts; intercrossing; intermediate; intermediate varieties; intervals; islands; isolated; jaws; kind; known; lapse; large; larvæ; laws; leaves; left; legs; length; lesser; level; liable; life; like; likely; limbs; lines; little; live; living; living species; long; longer; lyell; madeira; making; male; mammals; manner; marine; marked; means; members; mere; migration; miles; mind; modification; modified; mongrels; mountains; multitude; mutual; native; natural; natural selection; natural species; naturalists; nature; near; nearest; necessary; nectar; nest; new forms; new species; new varieties; north; northern; number; numerous; obvious; occasional; oceanic; offspring; old; open; opposite; order; ordinary; organic; organisation; organisms; organs; origin; original species; owen; parallelism; parent; parent species; particular; parts; past; peculiar; peculiar species; perfect; perfection; period; physical; physiological; pigeon; place; plants; play; points; pollen; possible; power; presence; present; preservation; preserved; prey; principle; probable; process; productions; professor; profitable; progenitor; proper; proportion; pure species; purpose; question; races; range; rank; rare; rate; reason; recent; reciprocal; record; regard; regions; related; relation; relative; remains; remarkable; remarks; remote; representative species; reproductive; resemblance; resemble; respect; result; reversion; right; rise; rock; round; rudimentary; rule; run; scale; sea; secondary; sediment; seedlings; seeds; selection; sense; separated; series; set; severe; sexes; sexual; shape; sheep; shells; shores; short; shoulder; shows; sides; silurian; similar; simple; single species; sir; size; slaves; slight; slow; small; smaller; south; southern; space; special; species; specific; spheres; stages; state; steps; sterile; sterility; stock; stocked; strange; strata; striking; striped; strong; structure; struggle; subject; subordinate; subsidence; successive; sufficient; supposed; surface; surprise; surprising; system; tail; teeth; temperate; tendency; terrestrial; tertiary; theory; thickness; thought; time; transitional; transport; trees; trifling; true; true species; truth; tumbler; turn; types; uniform; united; universal; unknown; upper; use; useful; useless; value; variability; variable; variation; varied; varieties; variety; vast; view; water; wax; way; white; wide; wild; wild species; wings; wonderful; work; workers; world; years; young; zealand
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        item: #13 of 36
          id: 2300
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
        date: None
       words: 311803
      flesch: 64
     summary: Since in such cases the males have acquired their present structure, not from being better fitted to survive in the struggle for existence, but from having gained an advantage over other males, and from having transmitted this advantage to their male offspring alone, sexual selection must here have come into action. So again, if the chief service rendered to the male by his prehensile organs is to prevent the escape of the female before the arrival of other males, or when assaulted by them, these organs will have been perfected through sexual selection, that is by the advantage acquired by certain individuals over their rivals.
    keywords: 1837; 1866; 1869; 1870; 1871; 1872; 2nd; 3rd; abdomen; abdominal; abnormal; aborigines; absence; absent; accordance; account; action; acts; actual; additional; admirable; admired; adult; adult females; adult male; advanced; advancement; advantage; affection; affinities; africa; agencies; aid; allied; american; amphibians; analogous; analogy; anatomy; ancestors; ancient; animals; annals; annual; anomalous; antelopes; antennae; anthropological; anthropomorphous; antics; antilope; apes; apparatus; apparent; appearance; appendages; appreciation; approach; approbation; april; archipelago; ardea; arguments; argus; armed; arms; arrangement; article; artificial; associated; association; assume; attached; attack; attention; attitude; attractive; attractive males; attribute; audubon; australia; authority; authors; average; baboon; bad; ball; barbarous; bartlett; basal; base; bates; battles; beagle; beak; beard; bearing; beasts; beautiful; beautiful males; beauty; bees; beetles; beings; belief; bell; belt; beneath; beneficial; best; better; biography; birds; births; black; blackbird; bladder; blood; blue; blyth; bodies; bodily; body; bombyx; bone; brain; branches; brazil; breast; breeders; breeding; breeds; brehm; bright; brighter; brightly; brightness; brilliant; britain; british; british birds; broad; broca; broken; brown; build; bull; butterflies; butterfly; canary; canestrini; canine; capable; capacity; capercailzie; care; careful; cases; castration; catarrhine; caterpillars; cats; cattle; caudal; cause; cebus; census; central; cercopithecus; cerebral; certain; certain birds; certain male; certain species; cervus; ceylon; change; chapter; characteristic; characters; charm; checks; chelae; chief; children; chimpanzee; china; chinese; choice; circumstance; civilisation; civilised; class; classes; classification; clear; climate; close; coast; cocks; collected; coloration; colour; coloured; coloured birds; colouring; comb; common; community; comparative; comparison; complete; complex; comrades; concerned; conclusion; conditions; conduct; condyloid; confined; confinement; connected; connection; conscience; consciousness; consequent; considerable; conspicuous; constant; constitution; continent; continued; contrary; convinced; convolutions; correlated; correlation; corresponding; countries; country; courage; course; courtship; coverts; creature; crest; cries; crimson; crossed; crows; crustaceans; cupples; curiosity; curious; curiously; curved; customs; cuvier; cynocephalus; dances; danger; dangerous; dark; darker; darwin; day; dead; death; decrease; deep; deer; defence; definite; degree; des; descendants; descended; descent; deserves; desire; destitute; destruction; details; determined; developed; development; differences; different; different species; differing; differs; difficult; dimorphism; direct; direction; discussion; diseases; display; disposition; distance; distinct; distinct species; distinction; distinguished; distribution; districts; disuse; diversified; diversity; division; dog; dogs; domestication; dorsal; double; doubt; doubtful; dragon; drawing; dress; drumming; duck; dull; duty; earlier; early; earth; edition; effects; eggs; elegant; element; elephant; elliptic; elongated; elytra; embryo; embryonic; emotions; end; endeavoured; endowed; enemies; england; english; enlarged; enormous; entomological; equal; erect; escape; essay; europeans; evidence; evil; evolution; example; excellent; exception; excess; excited; exciting; exhibit; existence; existing; experience; explanation; expressed; expression; extended; extent; external; extinction; extraordinary; extreme; extremity; eyebrows; eyes; fact; faculties; faculty; families; family; far; fashion; father; favourable; favoured; fear; feathers; features; feb; feeling; feet; fellows; female; female births; fertile; fertility; fever; field; fifth; fig; fighting; figure; finding; fire; fishes; fissure; fixed; foetus; following; food; foot; foramen; force; foregoing; forehead; form; fossil; fowl; free; frequent; fritz; frogs; frontal; fuegians; functions; fundamental; fur; future; gain; gallinaceous; galton; game; gardens; genealogy; general; generations; genus; geoffroy; gibbon; glands; goat; god; golden; goldfinch; good; goose; gorilla; gould; gradation; gradual; gratiolet; gray; great; greater; greatest; green; grey; group; grouse; growth; guide; guinea; gunther; habits; habitual; haeckel; hair; hairiness; half; hand; handbook; happiness; hard; head; health; herd; hereditary; herons; higher; highest; hind; hinder; history; hold; homoptera; hope; horned; horns; horses; house; human; humerus; humming; hunter; huxley; hybrid; hylobates; i. p.; ibid; ibis; idea; iii; illustration; imagination; imitation; immature; immense; immunity; imperfect; important; improved; improvement; impulse; inches; increase; incubation; indebted; india; indians; indirect; individuals; infanticide; infants; inferior; influence; information; inhabitants; inheritance; injurious; innate; innumerable; insects; instance; instinctive; instincts; instrumental; intellectual; intelligence; intelligible; intercourse; interesting; intermediate; interval; introduction; islands; jan; jaws; jealousy; jenner; jerdon; journal; judge; judging; judgment; july; june; kinds; kingdom; kirby; knowledge; known; landois; language; large; largest; larvae; late; law; laws; lead; lectures; left; legs; length; lepidoptera; liability; liable; life; lighter; like; limbs; limited; limits; line; lion; little; live; living; lizards; lloyd; long; longer; look; looking; loss; lost; love; lower; lower animals; lowest; lubbock; macacus; macgillivray; magazine; major; malay; male; male animals; male birds; male characters; male fishes; male mammals; male offspring; male quadrupeds; male salmon; male sex; mammae; mammals; man; mandibles; mandrill; mane; mankind; manner; march; margin; marked; markings; marriage; marry; marshall; marsupials; master; maternal; maturity; meaning; means; measurements; members; memory; men; mental; mere; middle; migratory; mind; minute; modern; modifications; modified; moment; monkeys; monogamous; moral; morality; mother; moths; moult; moulting; movement; mulattoes; muller; muscles; museum; musical; musk; mutual; mã¼ller; naked; nakedness; narrow; nations; natives; natural; natural selection; natural species; naturalist; nature; near; nearest; necessary; neck; need; negroes; nests; new; nidification; night; noise; normal; north; northern; notes; noticed; notorious; number; numerical; numerous; nuptial; object; obscure; observations; observer; obvious; occasional; occurrence; ocelli; ocellus; oct; odoriferous; odour; offer; offspring; old; ones; open; opinion; opposed; opposite; orang; order; organic; organised; organisms; organs; origin; ornaments; ornithological; orthoptera; outer; ova; owen; pair; pairing; pale; pallas; paper; papilio; paradise; paraguay; parallel; parents; parrots; partial; particular; partridges; parts; pass; passage; passing; past; peacock; peculiar; peculiarities; peculiarity; people; perfect; period; permanent; persistent; persons; pheasant; physical; physiology; pigeons; place; plain; plants; pleasure; plumage; plumes; pointed; points; polyandry; polygamous; polygamy; polyplectron; poor; population; position; possess; possession; possible; posterior; pouch; powerful; powers; practice; preference; prehensile; presence; present; preservation; preserved; presume; prevail; prevalence; previous; prey; primary; primates; primeval; primeval man; primitive; principle; probable; proc; proceedings; process; processes; produce; prof; professor; progenitors; progress; projecting; prolonged; pronounced; proper; proportion; protection; pugnacious; pugnacity; pure; purpose; quadrumana; quadrupeds; qualities; quatrefages; question; rabbits; races; rank; rapid; rare; rasp; rate; reach; ready; reasoning; recent; recorded; reduced; regard; regions; regular; reindeer; relation; relative; religious; remains; remarkable; remarks; remorse; remote; rengger; report; reproduction; reptiles; researches; resemblance; resembling; respect; result; return; reversion; review; revue; rich; ridge; rise; rivalry; rivals; round; royal; rude; rudimentary; rudiments; ruff; rule; ruminants; run; runs; sailors; sake; salmon; salvin; sandwich; savages; saw; scale; scarlet; science; sclater; scotland; seals; season; secondary; secondary sexual; selection; self; semi; semnopithecus; sense; separate; series; serve; service; severe; sexes; sexual; sexual characters; sexual differences; sexual selection; shaded; shading; shape; sharp; sheep; shell; shewing; shewn; short; shorter; sides; silver; similar; similarity; simple; singing; single; singular; sir; sitting; size; skin; skull; slaves; slight; small; smaller; smith; smooth; snakes; snipe; snow; social; society; socket; soldiers; sole; song; sounds; south; southern; space; sparrow; speaking; special; species; specific; specimens; speech; spence; spiders; spiritual; splendid; spots; spread; spurs; stags; standard; state; statements; stature; steps; sterile; sterility; stock; stones; strange; strength; stridulation; striking; stripes; strong; stronger; strongest; structure; struggle; subject; subsistence; succeed; successful; successive; suffice; sufficient; sulci; summary; summer; sun; superiority; supernumerary; support; supposed; supposing; supra; surface; surprising; survive; sympathy; system; t.w; tail; taste; teeth; tegetmeier; tendency; terms; tetrao; theory; thick; thierleben; thin; things; thorax; thought; throat; time; tints; tip; tom; tools; trace; transactions; transference; translat; transmission; travels; tree; tribe; trimen; troop; tropical; true; trustworthy; truth; tufts; turkey; turn; turner; tusks; type; undergone; uniform; united; universal; unknown; unusual; upper; upwards; use; useful; useless; uses; usual; uterus; valuable; value; variability; variable; variations; varied; varieties; variety; vertebrates; view; vigorous; virtues; vivid; vocal; vogt; voice; vol; von; voyage; wallace; walsh; want; war; water; way; ways; weak; weaker; weapons; weeks; weight; weir; welfare; westwood; whiskers; white; wide; wife; wild; wings; winter; wish; wives; women; wonderful; wood; woodpeckers; words; work; world; writers; years; yellow; young; young birds; young females; young male; zealand; zoological; zoology
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        item: #14 of 36
          id: 23427
      author: Butler, Samuel
       title: Evolution, Old & New Or, the Theories of Buffon, Dr. Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck, as compared with that of Charles Darwin
        date: None
       words: 119734
      flesch: 58
     summary: [84] The pig, he continues, is not formed on an original, special, and perfect type; its type is compounded of that of many other animals. If we study the Orang-outang with regard only to his configuration, we might regard him, with equal justice, as either the highest of the apes or as the lowest of mankind, because, with the exception of the soul, he wants nothing of what we have ourselves, and because, as regards his body, he differs less from man than he does from other animals which are still called apes.
    keywords: ---and; ---his; ---on; ---the; accidents; account; accumulation; accurate; action; adaptation; adapted; additional; advanced; advantage; ages; air; allen; analogies; analogous; animals; answer; apes; apparent; appearance; approach; arbitrary; argument; artificial; attempt; attention; attributes; author; bear; bearing; beetles; beginning; beings; belief; best; better; birds; blood; bodies; body; bone; book; brain; breeds; buds; buffon; butler; c. darwin; capable; cases; cause; century; certain; chain; chance; changes; chapter; character; characteristics; charles; charles darwin; church; circumstances; claim; classes; classification; clear; climate; close; cold; colour; common; complete; complex; conception; concerning; conclusion; conditions; connected; consequence; considerable; consideration; constant; continued; contrary; corresponding; country; course; creation; creator; creature; criticism; daily; darwin; darwinism; day; deal; death; declared; deep; definite; degeneration; degree; denial; descendants; descent; design; designer; desire; detail; developed; development; differences; different; difficulty; direction; discover; distinct; distinguished; disuse; doctrine; dog; domestication; doubt; doubtless; earlier; earliest; early; earth; easy; edition; effect; effort; end; endeavour; entirety; environment; erasmus; erasmus darwin; error; essential; evidence; evident; evolution; evolutionists; example; excellent; excess; exclusive; exercise; existence; experience; explanation; expression; extended; extent; external; eyes; fact; failure; faith; false; families; family; fashion; father; favour; features; fecundity; feeling; feet; filament; final; fishes; fittest; flowers; fly; following; follows; food; foot; footnotes; force; foregoing; forms; forward; free; french; future; garden; general; generations; generic; genus; geoffroy; german; god; goethe; good; gradual; great; greater; greatest; ground; groups; growth; habits; habitual; haeckel; half; hand; hard; having; head; heat; heredity; hering; higher; highest; hilaire; historical; history; hold; hope; horse; human; humour; hypothesis; i. p.; ibid; idea; ignorance; imperfect; important; increase; individual; inference; infinite; influence; insects; instance; instinct; intelligence; interesting; intermediate; irony; irritability; isidore; isolated; johnson; kind; knowledge; known; lamarck; language; large; law; laws; lead; leaves; left; legs; length; lewes; lichfield; life; ligament; light; like; likely; limbs; limited; limits; line; lion; little; live; living; long; longer; look; lost; love; lowest; lungs; machine; madeira; main; making; man; mankind; manner; marked; martins; material; matter; matthew; meaning; means; mechanical; mechanism; memoirs; memory; men; mental; mere; method; millions; mind; miss; mivart; model; modern; modification; modified; moment; moral; motion; movement; mrs; mutability; names; natural; natural selection; naturalists; nature; near; necessary; need; nerves; nervous; nest; new; non; number; numerous; objection; objects; observed; obvious; offspring; old; ones; open; opinion; order; ordinary; organic; organism; organization; organized; organs; origin; original; page; pains; paley; parents; particular; parts; passage; past; patrick; people; perception; perfect; permanent; person; personality; phenomena; phil; philosophie; physical; place; plain; plants; pleasure; point; pope; position; possible; power; practice; preface; present; prey; principal; principle; probable; process; professor; public; purpose; purposive; quadrupeds; question; race; rate; reader; real; reason; reference; regard; remarks; reproduction; resemblance; respect; result; return; review; rise; rome; room; roots; rudimentary; running; saw; scale; science; scientific; sea; second; selection; self; sensation; sense; series; set; seward; shape; short; similar; simple; single; size; sketch; skin; small; smaller; source; space; special; species; specific; spencer; spirit; spite; state; step; sterility; stock; strong; structure; struggle; study; subject; substance; successive; sudden; sufficient; superficial; support; surface; surroundings; survival; survive; swim; system; teleological; teleology; tendency; tendons; theology; theories; theory; things; thought; time; toes; tom; touch; travelled; trees; true; truth; turn; type; unconscious; underlying; unity; universe; unknown; useful; useless; uses; value; variability; variations; varied; varieties; variety; vegetable; vessels; vestiges; view; vii; volume; want; watch; water; way; weight; wild; wings; wish; wit; words; work; world; worth; writers; wrong; xiv; years; zool; zoologique; zoonomia; étienne
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        item: #15 of 36
          id: 2354
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: Note on the Resemblances and Differences in the Structure and the Development of the Brain in Man and Apes
        date: None
       words: 4048
      flesch: 53
     summary: And it is a remarkable circumstance that though, so far as our present knowledge extends, there IS one true structural break in the series of forms of Simian brains, this hiatus does not lie between man and the manlike apes, but between the lower and the lowest Simians, or in other words, between the Old and New World apes and monkeys and the Lemurs. But the truth that the three structures in question are as well developed in apes' as in human brains, or even better; and that it is characteristic of all the Primates (if we exclude the Lemurs) to have these parts well developed, stands at present on as secure a basis as any proposition in comparative anatomy.
    keywords: animal; apes; bischoff; brain; cerebral; chimpanzee; close; convolutions; des; development; differences; different; external; fact; fissure; foetus; frontal; fundamental; gratiolet; gyri; hemispheres; human; lemur; les; lobes; lower; man; marked; occipital; orang; perpendicular; plis; posterior; present; primates; professor; que; remarkable; series; statement; structure; subject; sulci; sulcus; temporal; view
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        item: #16 of 36
          id: 26260
      author: Day, Clarence
       title: This Simian World
        date: None
       words: 16069
      flesch: 81
     summary: Imagine a cultivated coterie of such men and women, at a ball, dancing. When we think of these creatures as little men (which is all wrong of course) we see they have their faults.
    keywords: active; ages; animals; ants; apes; arabella; archer; bad; beginning; beings; beliefs; best; better; bits; blind; books; brain; cats; certain; chance; chatter; cities; civilization; civilized; course; craft; creatures; creeds; curiosity; day; deep; descendants; desire; development; different; discipline; discoveries; dogs; earth; elephant; end; eyes; facts; far; fine; force; form; free; god; gods; good; government; great; group; hard; high; idea; illustration; impulse; instance; instinct; interest; jack; jill; kind; knowing; knowledge; labor; language; large; life; like; little; lives; living; long; love; man; matter; men; mere; minds; monkeys; natural; nature; need; new; news; night; numbers; old; pair; passion; people; planet; poor; potter; power; pride; primates; problem; race; reason; respect; rule; self; sense; sign; simians; small; snake; social; souls; sounds; species; spirit; stage; stand; strange; streets; strength; strong; study; super; sure; systems; talk; things; thought; thousands; time; toil; traits; true; truth; universe; use; vision; way; ways; wild; wish; wolves; work; world; young
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        item: #17 of 36
          id: 2739
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 1 A Record of His Work in a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters
        date: None
       words: 198293
      flesch: 73
     summary: This they at once obtain by acquiring a resemblance to other species which, from whatever cause, enjoy a comparative immunity from persecution. But supposing for an instant, in this and other such cases, that the record of the first appearance and disappearance of the species was perfect, we have no reason to believe that forms successively produced necessarily endure for corresponding lengths of time.
    keywords: 10th; 11th; 12th; 13th; 14th; 15th; 16th; 18th; 19th; 1st; 20th; 21st; 22nd; 23rd; 24th; 25th; 26th; 27th; 29th; 2nd; 30th; 5th; 9th; a.r; aberrant; able; absence; abstract; acceleration; account; action; adaptation; adapted; address; admirable; admiration; adult; advanced; advantage; affected; afraid; africa; agassiz; aid; allied; alpine; altered; altogether; america; analogous; analogy; ancient; animals; annals; anomalous; answer; antarctic; antiquity; anxious; appearance; april; arctic; area; argument; article; asa; ashamed; association; athenaeum; atlantic; attack; attempt; attention; attribute; august; australia; author; authority; average; aware; azores; bad; bates; beagle; bearing; beautiful; beauty; beds; bees; beginning; beings; belief; bentham; best; big; birds; body; book; botanical; botanists; botany; boulders; box; brain; breed; briefly; british; brother; bud; buds; butterflies; cambridge; candolle; cape; capital; care; careful; case; catherine; causes; cautious; 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        item: #18 of 36
          id: 2740
      author: Darwin, Charles
       title: More Letters of Charles Darwin — Volume 2 A Record of His Work in a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters
        date: None
       words: 213177
      flesch: 74
     summary: This was no doubt the point most disturbing to Mr. Darwin, since it led Lord Kelvin to ask (as quoted by Huxley), Are modern geologists prepared to say that all life was killed off the earth 50,000, 100,000, or 200,000 years ago? The ocelli on the wing feathers were favourite objects of Mr. Darwin, and sometimes formed the subject of the little lectures which on rare occasions he would give to a visitor interested in Natural History.
    keywords: -and; -as; -in; -mentioned; -of; -on; 10th; 12th; 13th; 14th; 15th; 16th; 17th; 18th; 19th; 1st; 20th; 21st; 22nd; 23rd; 24th; 25th; 27th; 28th; 29th; 2nd; 30th; 3rd; 4th; 5th; 6th; 7th; 9th; a.r; able; absence; abstract; abundance; account; accumulation; accuracy; accurate; acid; acropera; action; adami; adaptation; address; adjoining; admirable; admiration; advantage; affected; affinity; africa; agassiz; aid; allied; alpine; alps; amazons; america; ammonia; analogous; anatomy; ancient; animals; answer; antarctic; anthers; antiquity; anxious; appear; appearance; appointment; april; arctic; areas; argument; arrangement; article; asa; assistance; association; astonished; athenaeum; atolls; attention; august; australia; author; authority; autumn; avebury; average; aware; axis; azores; bad; ball; barrier; base; bates; beagle; bearing; beaumont; beautiful; beauty; beds; bees; beginning; belief; bend; bentham; best; birds; blind; bloom; bodies; body; book; botanical; botanists; 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f.r.s; facts; falconer; families; family; farrer; father; fault; fauna; favour; favourable; fear; feathers; february; feet; female; ferrier; fertile; fertilisation; fertilising; fertility; field; figure; find; fine; fishes; flora; flowers; fluid; foliation; following; foot; forbes; force; foreign; forms; fossil; foundation; fragments; france; francis; frank; free; french; fresh; friend; fritz; fuego; future; galapagos; galton; gardeners; gardens; gartner; geikie; genera; genus; geographical; geological; geologists; geology; george; german; germination; gives; giving; glacial; glaciers; glad; glands; glass; glen; god; gongora; good; grains; grand; grateful; gravel; gray; great; greater; greatest; groups; growth; guide; habit; hackel; hairs; half; hand; hard; head; health; heart; heaven; height; helena; help; hemisphere; henry; henslow; herbert; herschel; heterocentron; high; higher; highest; hildebrand; history; hive; hold; home; honour; hooker; hope; hopkins; horizontal; horner; horns; hour; house; human; huxley; hybrids; hypothesis; ibid; ice; icebergs; idea; iii; immense; imperfect; important; inch; inclined; indebted; index; india; individual; indusium; influence; information; inheritance; injurious; insectivorous; insects; instance; insular; intelligence; interested; interesting; interesting letter; intermediate; introduction; investigation; irregular; islands; j.d; james; jamieson; january; jenner; john; joseph; journal; judge; judgment; july; june; kelvin; kew; kind; kind letter; kindness; knowledge; known; kosmos; labellum; labour; lady; lakes; language; large; late; lateral; lauder; lava; law; laws; lead; leaf; leaflets; leaves; lecture; left; length; leonard; lepidoptera; leschenaultia; letter; letter darwin; level; life; like; likely; lindley; line; linn; linnean; linum; little; live; loc; lochaber; loddigesii; london; long; long letter; longer; look; looking; lord; loss; lot; louis; luteola; lyell; mackintosh; madagascar; madeira; mag; magazine; main; making; males; mammals; man; manner; map; march; marine; marked; masses; mastodon; matter; mauritius; meaning; means; mechanism; medal; medical; meeting; member; memoir; mental; mere; metamorphic; middle; migration; milne; mind; minute; miocene; miscellaneous; miss; mistake; modern; modification; modified; monkey; monstrous; months; moraines; morning; morphology; mother; mountains; movement; mrs; mud; muller; murray; muscles; museum; nageli; natural; naturalist; nature; near; necessary; nectar; need; nests; new; non; northern; note; notice; notion; november; number; numerous; obituary; object; objection; obliged; observations; observer; occurrence; oceanic; oceans; october; odd; offer; offspring; old; oliver; ones; open; ophrys; opinion; opportunity; opposed; opposite; orchids; order; ordinary; organisms; organs; origin; original; outside; ovarium; ovary; ovules; owen; oxalis; oxford; p.s.--i; page; pair; pamphlet; pangenesis; paper; parallel; parents; particular; parts; passage; passiflora; patagonia; pay; peculiar; peloric; people; perfect; period; personal; persons; petals; pfeffer; phenomena; phil; philosophical; phyllanthus; physical; physiological; physiology; pigeons; pistil; place; plants; play; pleasant; pleased; pleasure; plumage; pods; point; pollen; pollinia; poor; position; possible; post; power; precise; presence; present; present letter; president; pressure; pretty; previous; primula; principle; probable; problem; proc; produce; prof; professor; progress; proportion; protection; publication; publishing; pure; purple; purpose; purpureus; quart; quarterly; question; quotes; ramsay; rare; read; reader; reading; real; reason; recent; record; reefs; reference; regard; regions; regret; relation; relative; remains; remarkable; remarks; reply; report; researches; respect; result; return; reversion; review; rich; right; river; roads; rocks; romanes; roots; rostellum; round; roy; royal; rudimentary; rule; sake; salt; sand; satisfaction; saturday; savages; scarlet; schists; school; 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thank; theory; thickness; thing; thinking; thiselton; thomson; thought; till; time; touch; trace; trans; transactions; translation; travels; trees; tropical; trouble; troublesome; true; trust; truth; tubes; united; university; unknown; upper; use; useful; usual; valleys; valuable; value; variability; variation; varieties; variety; varying; vast; vegetable; verbascum; vertical; vessels; views; viii; viola; viscid; visit; vitality; vivisection; viz; volcanic; volcanoes; volume; volume i.; von; voyage; wallace; walsh; want; warm; water; way; weeks; weir; west; westminster; wheat; white; wide; wiesner; wife; wild; william; wind; wings; wish; wonderful; wood; words; work; working; world; worth; writer; writing; wrong; years; yellow; yesterday; york; young; zealand; zeitung
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        item: #19 of 36
          id: 27600
      author: Darwin, Erasmus
       title: Zoonomia; Or, the Laws of Organic Life, Vol. II
        date: None
       words: 238746
      flesch: 66
     summary: Suppl. i. 12. Suppl. i. 12.
    keywords: ---from; ---in; ---of; abdomen; abscess; absorbed; absorbent; absorption; abstinence; account; accumulated; accumulation; accustomed; acid; acrimony; acrior; action; acts; additional; advantage; aerated; affected; affecting; affects; afflicted; age; ague; air; albus; alcali; alcohol; aliment; alimentary; alum; analogy; anasarca; anger; animal; aperture; apoplexy; apparent; appearance; appetite; application; aqueous; arms; arsenic; arterial; arteries; artery; article; associability; associated; association; asthma; atmosphere; attack; attention; bad; bandage; bark; bath; bathing; bed; beddoes; beer; beginning; belly; beneath; best; better; bile; black; bladder; bleeding; blister; blood; blue; bodies; body; bone; bowels; branches; breathing; broth; calcareous; calomel; camphor; canal; cantharides; capillaries; capillary; carbonic; cases; catarrh; catarrhus; catenated; cathartics; cause; cavities; cavity; cease; cells; cellular; certain; chalk; chalybeates; change; cheek; chemical; chest; children; chlorosis; chyle; circle; circulation; circumstance; class; class i.; class iii; clothes; clysters; cold; cold air; cold water; coldness; colour; coloured; commencement; commences; common; compression; confluent; consequence; considerable; consisting; consists; constitute; constitutions; consumption; contact; contagious; contents; continued; contraction; contrary; contribute; convulsions; convulsive; cool; copious; cornea; cough; countenance; course; covered; covering; cream; crude; cure; curious; cutaneous; cuticle; daily; dangerous; dark; day; days; death; debility; decoction; decreased; defect; defective; deficient; degree; delirium; deprived; desire; destroys; diabætes; diaphragm; diarrhoea; diet; different; differs; difficulty; diffused; digestion; digitalis; diluents; diluted; diminished; diminution; dinner; direct; disagreeable; discharge; disease; dissolved; distant; distention; distinct; distinguished; disturbed; dogs; dolor; doses; doubt; drink; drinking; drops; dropsies; drugs; dry; dryness; ducts; early; earth; edge; effect; efficacious; efforts; elderly; electric; electricity; emetic; end; ends; energetic; energy; epilepsy; epileptic; erect; eruption; erysipelas; essential; esteemed; ether; evacuations; evening; excess; excited; excitement; excretory; exercise; exertion; exhausted; exhaustion; exhibition; existence; exists; expected; expectoration; expenditure; experienced; experiments; exposed; extension; extensive; external; extremities; eye; eyes; face; fall; fatal; fatigue; fauces; fear; febrile; febris; feeble; feel; feet; fermentation; fermented; fever; fibres; fibrous; fine; finger; fire; fistula; fit; fits; flannel; flesh; fluid; following; follows; food; foot; force; form; fortnight; forwards; fourth; frequency; frequent; friction; frigida; future; gall; gas; gastric; general; gentle; genus; genus i.; glands; gonorrhoea; good; gout; grain; gravel; gravitation; great; great action; great pain; greater; greatest; gum; gutta; habit; hair; half; hallucination; hands; hard; hartshorn; head; healing; health; heat; hectic; hemicrania; herpes; hope; horses; hot; hours; human; humoral; hunger; hydrocephalus; hydrophobia; hysteric; hæmoptoe; i. 1; i. 11; i. 2; i. 3; i. 8; ideas; iii; ileus; immediate; impaired; inaction; inactivity; incitantia; increased; infection; inflamed; inflammation; inflammatory; influence; informed; inirritative; injurious; injury; inoculated; inoculation; insane; insanity; instances; intermittent; internal; intervals; intestines; intoxication; introduction; inverted; iron; irritability; irritated; irritation; itch; jaundice; jaw; joints; journey; juice; kidney; kidnies; kind; knowledge; known; lacrymal; lacteals; ladies; lady; lancet; large; lastly; laudanum; laughter; lead; leaves; left; legs; length; lessened; liable; life; like; limbs; lines; link; liquid; liquors; little; liver; loins; london; long; longer; loss; love; lunar; lungs; lying; lymphatics; m. m.; madness; malady; maniacal; mankind; manner; material; matter; means; measles; medical; medicines; membranes; menstruation; mercurial; mercury; metallic; method; middle; mild; milk; mind; minute; mistaken; mixed; mixture; moderate; moisture; months; moon; morning; mortification; motions; mouth; mucilage; mucus; muscles; muscular; natural; nature; nausea; near; necessary; neck; nerves; nervous; neutral; new; night; nose; nostrils; note; nourishment; number; objects; observations; occasions; oesophagus; oil; ointment; ones; open; operation; opium; optic; order; ordo; organs; orgasm; original; ounce; oxygen; pain; painful; pale; paleness; palpitation; palsy; paralysis; paralytic; parotitis; paroxysm; partial; particles; particular; parts; pass; passage; patient; penis; people; periods; peripneumony; permanent; perpetual; person; perspirable; peruvian; piece; piles; pint; place; plaster; pleasurable; pleasure; possess; posture; potation; power; powerful; pox; practice; precedes; preceding; present; pressure; prevents; previous; primary; principal; probable; process; produce; production; progress; proper; proportion; proximate; pulmonary; pulsations; pulse; purpose; purulent; pus; putrid; quantities; quantity; quarter; quick; quiescence; reason; rectum; red; related; relief; relieved; remains; remote; resembles; respect; respiration; rest; retrograde; return; reverse; rheumatism; rhubarb; rise; room; roots; rosea; round; saline; saliva; salivation; salt; sanguiferous; saw; scarlet; scrophula; scrophulous; seat; secerning; second; secondary; secrete; secretion; sect; sensation; sense; sensibility; sensible; sensitive; sensorial; sensorial power; service; shews; shocks; short; sickness; sides; silk; similar; situation; size; skin; sleep; slight; slow; slower; small; snow; soap; soft; solar; solid; solution; sorbentia; source; species; sphincter; spine; spirit; spirituous; spleen; sponge; state; steel; stimulant; stimulated; stimulating; stimuli; stimulus; stomach; stone; stools; stop; strangury; strength; strong; stronger; stupor; subject; sublimate; subsequent; substances; succeeds; success; successive; sudden; sufficient; sugar; summer; suppl; suppose; suppuration; surface; sweats; swelled; swelling; sympathy; symptoms; syncope; system; tartar; taste; teeth; temporary; tendency; termination; theory; thigh; things; thinner; thirst; thought; throat; time; tincture; tobacco; tongue; tonsils; tooth; torpentia; torpid; torpor; total; touch; trains; tumid; tumor; turpentine; ulcers; universal; unnatural; upper; ureter; urethra; urinary; urine; usual; uterus; vain; variety; variolous; vegetable; veins; venereal; venesection; venous; vertigo; vessels; vicinity; vii; vinegar; violence; violent; viscid; viscus; visible; vision; vitriol; vitriolic; volatile; volition; voluntary; vomiting; walking; want; warm; warmth; water; way; weak; weakened; weaker; weakness; weather; weeks; white; wine; winter; women; word; worms; writers; xii; xvi; xviii; xxix; xxxiii; xxxiv; years; young
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        item: #20 of 36
          id: 2921
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: The Present Condition of Organic Nature Lecture I. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species"
        date: None
       words: 6891
      flesch: 52
     summary: So that, you see, there comes out this strange conclusion as the result of our investigations, that the Horse, when examined and compared with other animals, is found by no means to stand alone in nature; but that there are an enormous number of other creatures which have backbones, ribs, and legs, and other parts arranged in the same general manner, and in all their formation exhibiting the same broad peculiarities. But there are multitudes of other animals, such as crabs, lobsters, spiders, and so on, which we term Annulosa.
    keywords: animal; blood; body; bones; brain; certain; complex; condition; course; diagram; dog; existence; fact; fig; flesh; forces; form; great; horse; huxley; inorganic; kind; lectures; life; limbs; living; long; machine; man; materials; matter; means; nature; number; organs; parts; place; plant; porpoise; present; products; section; skeleton; skin; sort; spinal; state; structure; study; substance; time; true; waste; way; work; working; world
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        item: #21 of 36
          id: 2922
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: The Past Condition of Organic Nature Lecture II. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species"
        date: None
       words: 6766
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is, indeed, a most remarkable fact, that it is quite an exceptional case to find a skeleton of any one of all the thousands of wild land animals that we know are constantly being killed, or dying in the course of nature: they are preyed on and devoured by other animals or die in places where their bodies are not afterwards protected by mud. There are other animals existing in the sea, the shells of which form exceedingly large deposits.
    keywords: animals; bed; beds; bones; case; certain; course; deposit; different; earth; extinct; facts; finer; form; great; hard; history; inorganic; inquiry; land; layer; life; like; long; lower; manner; mud; nature; number; ocean; older; orders; parts; past; period; place; plants; present; question; record; remains; result; rocks; sea; section; spot; surface; time; upper; water; way; world; younger
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        item: #22 of 36
          id: 2923
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: The Method by Which the Causes of the Present and Past Conditions of Organic Nature Are to Be Discovered; the Origination of Living Beings Lecture III. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species"
        date: None
       words: 8412
      flesch: 56
     summary: He sees an enormous mass of facts and laws relating to organic beings, which stand on the same good sound foundation as every other natural law; and therefore, with this mass of facts and laws before us, therefore, seeing that, as far as organic matters have hitherto been accessible and studied, they have shown themselves capable of yielding to scientific investigation, we may accept this as proof that order and law reign there as well as in the rest of nature; and the man of science says nothing to objectors of this sort, but supposes that we can and shall walk to a knowledge of the origin of organic nature, in the same way that we have walked to a knowledge of the laws and principles of the inorganic world. There are many men who, though knowing absolutely nothing of the subject with which they may be dealing, wish, nevertheless, to damage the author of some view with which they think fit to disagree.
    keywords: air; animal; animalcules; apples; case; causes; common; conclusion; cotton; course; experiments; facts; forms; friend; generation; good; great; green; hard; hypothesis; infusion; inquiry; kind; law; laws; life; little; long; man; manner; matter; means; mercury; method; mind; nature; number; ordinary; organic; organisms; phenomena; philosophy; place; present; question; reasoning; result; science; scientific; sour; spontaneous; thing; time; tube; vessel; way; window
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        item: #23 of 36
          id: 2924
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: The Perpetuation of Living Beings, Hereditary Transmission and Variation Lecture IV. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species"
        date: None
       words: 6512
      flesch: 54
     summary: That was a case of spontaneous variation. There are all sorts of intermixtures and intermediate conditions between the two, where complexion, or beauty, or fifty other different peculiarities belonging to either side of the house, are reproduced in other members of the same family.
    keywords: animals; ass; beak; beings; breed; case; certain; children; conditions; different; extent; female; fingers; form; great; head; kind; large; legs; like; long; male; matter; means; mode; number; offspring; organic; perpetuation; place; plants; primitive; process; remarkable; result; second; sexual; shape; sheep; spontaneous; stock; tail; tendency; thing; time; toes; type; variation; variety; way
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        item: #24 of 36
          id: 2925
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: The Conditions of Existence as Affecting the Perpetuation of Living Beings Lecture V. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species"
        date: None
       words: 7571
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is the same in nature; every species has its bridge of Beresina; it has to fight its way through and struggle with other species; and when well nigh overpowered, it may be that the smallest chance, something in its colour, perhaps--the minutest circumstance--will turn the scale one way or the other. Suppose that by a variation of the black race it had produced the white man at any time--you know that the Negroes are said to believe this to have been the case, and to imagine that Cain was the first white man, and that we are his descendants--suppose that this had ever happened, and that the first residence of this human being was on the West Coast of Africa. And if you turn to other animals there is just the same thing.
    keywords: animals; beings; black; breeding; breeds; case; characteristics; characters; conditions; differences; different; direct; distinct; evidence; existence; fact; great; horse; indirect; kind; like; man; natural; nature; number; opponents; organic; origin; physiological; place; plant; present; primitive; produce; question; races; result; seeds; selection; selective; species; stock; structural; thing; variation; varieties; variety; way; white; wild; year
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        item: #25 of 36
          id: 2926
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: A Critical Examination of the Position of Mr. Darwin's Work, "On the Origin of Species," in Relation to the Complete Theory of the Causes of the Phenomena of Organic Nature Lecture VI. (of VI.), "Lectures to Working Men", at the Museum of Practical Geology, 1863, on Darwin's Work: "Origin of Species"
        date: None
       words: 7010
      flesch: 46
     summary: The first question Mr. Darwin does not touch; he does not deal with it at all; but he says--given the origin of organic matter--supposing its creation to have already taken place, my object is to show in consequence of what laws and what demonstrable properties of organic matter, and of its environments, such states of organic nature as those with which we are acquainted must have come about. And, although I have had frequent occasion to quote Mr. Darwin--as all persons hereafter, in speaking upon these subjects, will have occasion to quote his famous book on the Origin of Species,--you must yet remember that, wherever I have quoted him, it has not been upon theoretical points, or for statements in any way connected with his particular speculations, but on matters of fact, brought forward by himself, or collected by himself, and which appear incidentally in his book.
    keywords: account; animals; book; case; causes; certain; common; competent; conditions; darwin; different; existence; facts; good; great; groups; hand; horse; hypothesis; inquiry; kind; known; like; long; lower; man; matter; members; modification; nature; organic; origin; phenomena; place; present; question; result; right; selective; single; species; sterility; stock; structure; teeth; time; toes; way; whale; work; world
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        item: #26 of 36
          id: 2929
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: The Origin of Species From 'The Westminster Review', April 1860
        date: None
       words: 14184
      flesch: 41
     summary: On the other hand, there can be no doubt that the individuals of many natural species are either absolutely infertile if crossed with individuals of other species, or, if they give rise to hybrid offspring, the hybrids so produced are infertile when paired together. But it is not as yet proved that a race ever exhibits, when crossed with another race of the same species, those phenomena of hybridization which are exhibited by many species when crossed with other species.
    keywords: ancon; animals; arguments; arisen; beings; book; breed; case; causes; certain; changes; characters; children; circumstances; common; competent; conditions; creation; crossed; darwin; day; degree; development; differences; different; distinct; distinct species; doctrine; evidence; example; existence; explanation; fact; fertile; fertility; fingers; force; forms; general; globe; gratio; great; groups; hand; hybrids; hypothesis; individuals; influence; kelleia; kind; knowledge; known; lamarck; large; laws; legs; life; like; likely; little; living; long; maillet; man; matter; members; mere; method; mind; modern; morphological; natural; naturalists; nature; new; normal; observation; obvious; offspring; order; ordinary; origin; parental; parents; parts; phenomena; physical; physiological; physiological species; pigeon; place; plants; point; present; primitive; pure; question; races; ram; reason; result; science; scientific; selection; sheep; similar; single; special; species; state; sterility; stock; structure; supposed; tendency; test; things; time; toes; true; type; variation; varieties; variety; views; way; wild; work; years
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        item: #27 of 36
          id: 2930
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: Criticisms on "The Origin of Species" From 'The Natural History Review', 1864
        date: None
       words: 6602
      flesch: 53
     summary: For the notion that every organism has been created as it is and launched straight at a purpose, Mr. Darwin substitutes the conception of something which may fairly be termed a method of trial and error. On the contrary, Mr. Darwin writes (Summary of Chap.
    keywords: agamogenesis; analogy; animal; better; case; cats; certain; change; conception; conditions; darwin; darwinian; des; detail; development; different; doctrine; end; example; existence; fact; flourens; forms; general; generation; great; hypothesis; influence; known; kolliker; laws; natural; nature; naturelle; new; obvious; order; organic; organisms; origin; perfect; professor; professor kolliker; purpose; que; rise; selection; sense; series; special; species; stock; structure; teleologist; teleology; theory; time; useful; variation; varieties; variety; views; vous; watch; way; weight; world
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        item: #28 of 36
          id: 29739
      author: None
       title: Little Masterpieces of Science: The Naturalist as Interpreter and Seer
        date: None
       words: 42959
      flesch: 57
     summary: Blackbirds, starlings, and crows are occasionally seen white, as well as elephants, deer, tigers, hares, moles, and many other animals; but in no case is a permanent white race produced. Many other facts are, as it seems to me, explicable on this theory.
    keywords: able; action; adaptation; advanced; ages; aid; air; allied; american; anchitherium; ancient; animals; argument; australia; bark; bates; bear; beautiful; beauty; bee; bees; beetles; beings; belief; best; better; birds; birth; black; blossoms; body; bone; book; brown; butterflies; california; capable; care; cases; certain; change; characters; charles; chief; class; classes; clear; close; co.; colour; coloured; colouring; common; complete; complex; conclusion; conditions; considerable; conspicuous; continent; continued; country; course; creation; creature; curious; dark; darwin; day; deep; definite; degree; deposits; descendants; descent; desert; development; differences; different; digits; direct; disguise; distant; distinct; disuse; dominant; doubt; dry; early; earth; effects; eggs; end; enemies; equine; escape; essay; europe; evidence; evolution; example; existence; explanation; extinct; extinction; facts; faculties; far; favourable; feed; females; fibula; fig; fish; flowers; fly; foliage; food; foot; fore; forms; fossils; foundation; fruit; fungus; gardener; general; genus; geological; good; grasshoppers; great; greater; greatest; green; grinders; ground; groups; habits; half; hand; higher; highest; hind; hipparion; history; home; horse; human; huxley; illustration; important; improved; increase; individuals; inhabitants; inheritance; injurious; insects; instance; instincts; intelligible; intermediate; islands; kind; kingdom; knowledge; ladybird; large; later; laws; leaf; leaves; left; life; like; little; living; long; longer; lyell; males; mammals; man; manner; marked; matter; meaning; means; members; men; mental; mere; middle; mind; modification; modified; moral; natural; natural selection; naturalists; nature; necessary; new; number; observation; offspring; old; opinion; orange; order; ordinary; organic; organism; organs; origin; original; palã; parasitic; parts; past; peculiar; perfect; period; permanent; phenomena; place; plants; point; pollen; powers; present; prey; principle; probable; productions; professor; progenitor; protective; purpose; qualities; races; reason; record; relation; remains; remarkable; reptiles; resemblance; rest; result; roots; rose; rudimentary; sand; scale; science; scientific; seed; selection; sense; series; service; sexes; sexual; short; similar; simple; single; size; slender; slight; small; smaller; social; soil; south; special; species; states; stem; strange; striking; structure; struggle; study; subject; success; successive; summer; surface; teeth; theory; thought; time; tints; toes; tooth; trees; true; truth; type; ulna; united; upper; use; useful; value; variation; varied; varieties; variety; view; volume; wallace; way; white; wide; wild; wings; wonderful; work; world; years; york; young
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        item: #29 of 36
          id: 31316
      author: Judd, John W. (John Wesley)
       title: The Coming of Evolution: The Story of a Great Revolution in Science
        date: None
       words: 41001
      flesch: 58
     summary: The general feeling of the old geologists with respect to Lyell's opinions was very exactly expressed by Professor Henslow, when in parting from young Darwin on his setting out on his voyage, he referred to the recently published first volume of the _Principles_ in the following terms:-- 'Take Lyell's new book with you and read it by all means, for it is very interesting, but do not pay any attention to it, except in regard to facts, for it is altogether wild as far as theory goes.' Even for geology, the science to which in all his after life he became so deeply devoted, young Darwin conceived the most violent aversion; and as he listened to Jameson's Wernerian outpourings at Salisbury Crags, he 'determined never to attend to geology,' registering the terrible vow 'never as long as I lived to read a book on Geology, or in any way to study the science[96].'
    keywords: able; abstract; action; age; america; animals; attempt; attention; author; auvergne; beagle; bearing; beginning; best; better; book; buckland; cambridge; case; catastrophism; causes; central; century; certain; changes; chapter; character; charles; charles darwin; charles lyell; chief; clay; clear; college; complete; conclusions; conditions; constant; contemporaries; continent; continuity; convinced; correspondence; country; course; creation; cuvier; d.l.l; darwin; date; day; days; death; devoted; different; difficult; distinct; distinguished; doctrine; doubt; earlier; early; earth; edinburgh; edition; effect; england; essay; evidence; evolution; evolutionary; existence; existing; extent; facts; family; far; father; fellow; following; forms; foundation; france; frequent; friend; general; generelli; geological; geological society; geologists; geology; globe; good; great; great work; greatest; h.c.e; half; hands; health; henslow; historical; history; hoff; home; hooker; house; human; hutton; huxley; hypothesis; i. p.; ibid; ideas; iii; illustrations; importance; impressed; influence; inorganic; interest; interesting; italy; john; joint; journal; judgment; kind; knowledge; known; labours; lamarck; large; later; letters; life; like; lines; literary; literature; little; living; london; long; lyell; making; man; manner; matter; means; men; mind; modern; murchison; natural; naturalists; nature; necessary; new; new species; notes; number; observations; old; ones; opinion; opposition; order; origin; original; oxford; page; papers; past; period; phenomena; place; plants; possible; prejudice; preparation; present; principles; professor; proof; publication; quarterly; question; reading; real; reasoning; reception; record; regard; remarkable; researches; respect; result; return; review; rocks; school; science; scientific; scrope; second; sedgwick; selection; series; similar; sir; sketch; small; society; south; species; specimens; speculation; state; striking; struggle; study; style; subject; success; surface; task; teaching; term; theoretical; theory; thought; till; time; true; truth; uniformitarianism; university; variation; views; vol; volcanic; volume; von; voyage; wallace; way; wernerian; whewell; wonderful; words; work; working; world; writings; years; young
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        item: #30 of 36
          id: 39910
      author: Gosse, Philip Henry
       title: Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot
        date: None
       words: 75444
      flesch: 64
     summary: _c._ rolled up; front view.] If the glacier-valley debouch on the sea, the ice gradually projects more and more, until the motions of the waves break off a great mass, which floats away, carrying on its surface the accumulation of boulders, gravel, and other _débris_ which it had acquired during its formation.
    keywords: abundance; account; action; actual; adult; age; air; america; analogy; ancient; angles; animal; antediluvian; antiquity; appearance; argument; arrangement; array; assumed; attached; axis; bark; base; bean; bear; beautiful; beds; beetle; beginning; beneath; birds; blood; bodies; body; bone; bony; branches; broad; broken; bud; bulb; butterfly; calcareous; capsule; case; cavity; cells; central; centre; centuries; century; certain; chalk; chamber; changes; character; chronology; circle; circular; class; clay; clear; climate; close; coal; coast; column; commenced; commencement; common; concentric; conclusion; condition; connexion; considerable; consolidated; constant; constituent; contact; course; cow; creation; creator; creature; crown; crust; curious; currents; cylindrical; day; days; deep; definite; delicate; deposits; depth; developed; development; diameter; different; difficulty; dimensions; direction; distance; distinct; divided; doubt; dry; duration; earlier; earliest; earth; economy; edges; effect; egg; eggs; elegant; element; elephant; elevated; embryo; enamel; england; enormous; entire; epoch; error; essential; europe; evidence; examination; example; existence; existing; experience; extent; extinct; extremities; extremity; eye; eyes; fact; false; far; fauna; feather; feet; female; fern; fibres; fifth; fine; fish; fishes; flat; fleshy; floor; flower; fluid; fly; foetus; following; food; foot; force; form; formation; fossil; fragments; fresh; frog; fronds; fruit; general; generation; genus; geological; geologists; geology; germ; gigantic; globe; god; good; gradual; grand; granite; grass; great; green; ground; growth; hair; half; hand; hatched; head; height; high; higher; hippopotamus; history; hitherto; hollow; horizontal; horns; horse; hour; hue; human; hundreds; hypothesis; idea; illustration; immense; inches; incisors; increase; individual; indubitable; infant; inference; inquiry; insects; inseparable; instant; interesting; interior; interval; islands; jaw; kind; known; laminæ; land; lapse; large; larva; law; layers; leaf; leaves; left; length; lengthened; level; lias; life; light; like; limbs; limestone; lines; little; living; london; long; longer; lying; man; mangrove; manifest; manner; margin; marine; marked; marks; mass; massive; material; matter; maturity; means; medusa; membrane; metamorphosis; middle; mighty; miles; millions; mind; minute; molars; moment; months; mother; mountain; mouth; mud; natural; nature; near; necessary; new; noble; north; notice; notion; number; numerous; object; observation; observed; ocean; old; ones; open; opinions; order; organic; organism; organs; orifice; origin; outer; outline; oval; ovary; pages; pair; palm; parallel; parent; particular; parts; passing; past; peculiar; perfect; period; phenomena; physical; physiologist; place; plant; plates; point; polished; polypes; portion; position; possible; power; precedents; preceding; premises; presence; present; pretty; previous; principle; process; processes; prochronic; produce; production; professor; proofs; proper; pulp; pupa; purpose; question; rapid; rate; reason; reasoning; recent; record; red; regular; remains; remarkable; reptiles; result; ridge; river; rock; roots; rows; running; sandstone; sandy; saw; scale; scarlet; scars; science; scripture; sea; seas; second; section; seed; segments; sense; series; set; shape; shell; shoot; shore; sides; similar; simple; single; singular; size; skeleton; skin; skull; slender; slow; small; smooth; soft; soil; solid; sort; space; species; specimen; spines; spots; spring; stage; stalk; star; stem; stone; strange; strata; stratum; strong; structure; substance; successive; sufficient; summit; supposing; sure; surface; system; tail; tall; teeth; tentacles; tertiary; testimony; thick; thickness; thin; things; timber; time; tiny; tooth; trace; transverse; tree; true; trunk; truth; tube; tulip; turn; twig; united; universal; upper; use; valve; vascular; vast; vegetable; view; visible; viz; water; way; week; western; white; witness; woody; work; world; worm; worn; years; yonder; young
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        item: #31 of 36
          id: 44582
      author: Bateson, William
       title: Problems of Genetics
        date: None
       words: 94234
      flesch: 58
     summary: We have now to return to the relations of _laeta_ and _velutina_. For example, we cannot yet represent the formation of _laeta_ and _velutina_ from the various species fertilised by _Lamarckiana_
    keywords: abnormal; absence; absent; abundant; accepted; account; action; actual; adaptation; addition; alleged; allen; allied; alpine; america; analogy; analysis; animals; answer; apparent; appearance; appendages; application; arcania; area; argument; atra; attempt; attention; auratus; average; aware; bearing; beginning; behaviour; belief; best; biennis; birds; black; black form; bodies; body; book; breeding; british; brood; brown; bryoniae; bud; bull; cafer; capable; careful; case; causation; causes; cells; cent; central; certain; change; chapman; chapter; characteristic; characters; chemical; chief; circumstances; classes; classification; clear; climate; climatic; colaptes; cold; colour; coloured; combinations; common; comparable; complete; complex; complicated; composition; comprehensive; conceive; conception; concerned; conclusion; conditions; confidence; consequence; considerable; consideration; consistent; constant; constitution; contrary; control; corresponding; country; course; coutagne; crescent; critical; cross; crosses; crossing; curious; dark; darwin; darwiniana; days; definite; definiteness; degree; descent; details; development; differences; different; differentiation; difficulties; difficulty; digits; direct; direction; discussion; disposed; distinct; distinct species; distinction; distinguished; distribution; district; diurna; diversity; divided; dividing; division; dominance; dominant; double; doubt; dwarfs; east; eastern; easy; effect; egeria; egerides; eggs; elements; england; environmental; essential; europe; evidence; evident; evolution; evolutionary; exact; example; exceptional; exhibit; existence; existing; experience; experiments; external; extra; extreme; f_{1; fact; factorial; factors; familiar; families; family; father; feathers; features; feet; female; fertile; fertilisation; fertilised; field; fig; fixity; flowers; following; foot; footnotes; forces; formation; forms; france; free; frequency; fulvous; gametes; general; generation; genetic; genus; geographical; geometrical; germ; good; gradual; grains; great; greater; green; grey; ground; group; growth; habits; half; halves; hand; having; head; heredity; heterozygous; high; hind; history; hortensis; hybrids; ibid; ideas; identical; ignorance; iii; illustration; important; independent; indication; individuals; influence; inheritance; instance; interesting; intergrades; intermediate; interpretation; irregular; island; isolated; jour; kammerer; kind; knowledge; known; laeta; lamarckiana; large; larvae; lay; lead; leaf; leaves; lectures; left; leghorn; length; life; light; like; limb; lines; linnaeus; little; live; living; local; local forms; localities; locality; london; long; look; loss; maculosa; malar; males; man; markings; material; matter; means; mechanical; melanic; members; mendelian; meridionalis; meristic; methods; mind; mixed; mixture; mode; modern; modification; modified; mother; moths; muricata; museum; mutants; mutation; names; napi; natural; naturalists; nature; near; necessary; nemoralis; new; new species; normal; north; northern; note; nuchal; number; numerous; observations; observed; obvious; occurrence; occurring; oenothera; offspring; old; opinion; order; ordinary; organic; organisms; organs; origin; original; pair; pale; paper; parents; particular; parts; pass; passage; pattern; peculiar; peculiarities; perfect; period; phenomena; physiological; pigment; place; plants; plumage; point; polarity; pollen; polymorphism; population; positive; possibility; possible; posterior; power; presence; present; previous; primula; problem; process; processes; production; professor; progress; proof; properties; proportion; pure; question; quills; races; range; rare; reader; real; reality; reason; received; recent; recessive; recorded; records; red; reference; regard; region; relations; remains; remarkable; repetition; represent; research; resemblance; respects; results; ripples; rise; rubrinervis; rule; sand; second; seed; segmentation; segments; segregation; selection; self; semon; sense; separate; series; set; sexes; short; shows; sides; signaticollis; significance; similar; simple; sinensis; single; size; small; soc; soil; solution; source; southern; special; species; specific; specimens; sporadic; spots; spread; stage; statement; states; sterile; sterility; strains; striking; striped; structure; study; subject; subsequent; substances; substantive; sufficient; suggestion; support; surface; symmetry; system; systematists; temperature; terms; theory; things; throat; time; transitional; transmission; treatment; true; truth; tusk; tutt; twins; type; typical; undecimlineata; understood; uniform; united; usual; value; variability; variable; variation; varieties; variety; vast; velutina; vespertina; view; vries; vulgaris; water; way; ways; west; western; white; wide; wild; wings; words; work; years; yellow; young
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        item: #32 of 36
          id: 5273
      author: Gray, Asa
       title: Darwiniana; Essays and Reviews Pertaining to Darwinism
        date: None
       words: 108328
      flesch: 49
     summary: He goes farther, and this volume is a protracted argument intended to prove that the species we recognize have not been independently created, as such, but have descended, like varieties, from other species. At each period of growth all the growing twigs have tried to branch out on all sides, and overtop and kill the surrounding twigs and branches, in the same manner as species and groups of species have tried to overmaster other species in the great battle for life.
    keywords: absolute; account; action; actual; adaptation; admits; advantage; agassiz; age; agencies; agency; ages; alternative; american; ammonia; analogous; analogy; ancient; animals; answer; appearance; application; arctic; area; argument; arrangement; article; associated; association; assumed; assumption; atheism; atlantic; attempt; attention; author; balls; basis; beginning; beings; belief; best; better; billiard; birds; blind; body; book; botanists; botany; branch; branches; breeding; breeds; bringing; bristles; british; california; candolle; capable; capture; case; categories; cattle; causes; centre; century; certain; certain species; change; chapter; character; charles; circumstances; claim; class; classes; classification; clear; climate; climbing; close; collision; combination; coming; common; community; compatible; complete; complex; conceptions; concerned; conclusion; conditions; confident; connected; connection; consequence; considerable; considerations; consistent; contact; continued; contrary; contrivances; convinced; country; course; creation; creator; cross; curious; darwin; darwinian; darwinism; day; definite; definition; degree; derivation; descendants; descent; design; designer; developed; development; die; differences; different; different species; difficulties; difficulty; digestion; dionaea; direct; direction; discovery; discussion; disposed; distinct; distinct species; distinction; distinguished; distribution; divergence; diverse; diversification; diversified; diversity; divine; doctrine; domestication; doubt; doubtful; drosera; earlier; early; earth; eastern; effect; efficient; elaborate; ends; england; entire; epoch; equal; essential; established; establishment; europe; events; evidence; evolution; examination; example; existence; existing; expected; experience; experiments; explanation; extended; extent; external; extinct; extinction; extraordinary; extreme; eye; eyes; facts; faith; fall; familiar; families; family; far; farther; fast; favor; favorable; favored; fertilization; field; final; fitting; fixed; fixity; flies; flora; flowers; fluid; fly; following; food; force; formation; forms; fossil; foundation; free; fundamental; future; genealogical; general; generation; genus; geographical; geological; geology; glands; god; good; gradation; gradual; gravitation; great; greater; greatest; ground; groups; growth; habits; half; hand; head; higher; highest; history; hodge; hold; horses; hours; human; human species; humors; hypothesis; idea; identical; illustration; immediate; important; impression; impulse; increase; independent; indirect; individuals; inevitable; inexplicable; inference; infinite; inherent; inheritance; inorganic; inquiry; insects; instance; instinct; intellectual; intelligence; intended; intention; interesting; intermediate; investigation; japan; journal; judgment; kind; kindred; kingdom; knowledge; known; large; laws; leaf; leaves; legitimate; length; lens; life; light; like; likely; likeness; limited; line; linnaeus; liquid; little; live; living; local; long; longer; look; lyell; man; manifestation; manner; marked; material; matter; meaning; means; meat; members; mere; mind; minute; mode; modern; moment; movement; natural; natural causes; natural history; natural selection; natural variation; naturalists; nature; near; nebular; necessary; necessity; need; negative; new; new species; north; northern; note; number; numerous; oaks; object; objections; observation; observed; obvious; occasion; offspring; old; ones; open; operation; opinion; opposite; order; orderly; ordinary; organic; organic nature; organisms; organs; origin; original; origination; page; paley; paper; parallel; parent; particular; parts; past; peculiar; people; perfect; period; perish; phenomena; philosophical; philosophy; physical; pictet; place; plain; plants; play; point; pollen; popular; position; possible; power; practical; presence; present; present species; presumption; prey; primordial; principle; probability; probable; processes; production; progeny; proof; proper; proportion; proved; purpose; question; races; rain; rank; real; reason; received; recent; record; regard; region; related; related species; relations; relatives; religion; religious; remains; remarkable; remarks; remote; representatives; respects; results; reviewer; rise; robur; rule; run; science; scientific; second; secondary; secretion; seeds; selection; sense; sensitive; separate; sequoia; series; set; shape; shows; sides; similar; simple; single; size; skeptic; slow; small; society; sort; south; southern; space; special; species; specific; specimens; spontaneous; stand; state; statement; step; stock; strong; structure; struggle; study; subject; succession; suggest; sundew; supernatural; support; supposed; supposition; sure; surface; survive; sweet; system; systematic; taxodium; teleology; tendency; tentacles; terms; tertiary; tertiary species; testimony; theistic; theologians; theology; theories; theory; things; thought; time; transmutation; trap; tree; true; truth; types; ultimate; united; universal; universe; unknown; useful; useless; utility; variability; variation; varied; varieties; variety; vary; vast; vegetable; vegetation; view; viz; volume; watch; water; way; ways; western; wide; wild; wisdom; wise; wonderful; words; work; working; world; writer; years; york; young
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        item: #33 of 36
          id: 6335
      author: Lyell, Charles, Sir
       title: The Antiquity of Man
        date: None
       words: 168792
      flesch: 55
     summary: We know that Greenland was not always covered with snow and ice, for when we examine the Tertiary strata of Disco Island (of the Upper Miocene period) we discover there a multitude of fossil plants, which demonstrate that, like many other parts of the arctic regions, it formerly enjoyed a mild and genial climate. Among the accompanying animals found fossil in the same bone-earth, were observed Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Ursus spelaeus, Bos primigenius, Megaceros hibernicus, Cervus tarandus (and other species of Cervus), Felis spelaea, Canis lupus, Canis vulpes, and teeth and bones of the genus Equus in great numbers.
    keywords: abbeville; absence; abundance; abundant; accompanying; account; accumulation; acheul; action; actual; adjoining; adult; advance; africa; agassiz; ages; allied; alluvial; alluvium; alpine; alps; america; amiens; ancient; angular; animals; annexed; antecedent; antiquaries; antique; antiquity; antiquus; apes; appearance; arctic; area; argument; arrangement; artificial; assemblage; associated; association; assumed; attention; aurignac; australia; author; average; baltic; bank; barrier; base; basin; bay; beach; bear; bearing; bedford; beds; beginning; beings; best; better; birds; black; blocks; body; bones; borders; bos; boucher; boulder; brain; breccia; brick; britain; british; broken; bronze; brown; bulletin; canoes; capable; capacity; case; causes; cave; caverns; central; centre; centuries; century; cerebellum; cerebral; certain; cervus; chain; chalk; changes; channel; chapter; character; characteristic; chimpanzee; chronological; class; classification; clay; clear; cliffs; climate; close; coast; cold; colour; column; coming; commencement; common; comparison; complete; composition; conclusion; conditions; connected; connection; considerable; consist; constant; contemporary; contents; continent; continued; continuous; contorted; coralline; corresponding; countries; country; course; covering; crag; cranium; creation; cretaceous; cromer; crust; cubic; current; cut; cuvier; cyclas; cyrena; danish; darwin; data; date; day; deep; degrees; delta; denise; denmark; denudation; deposits; depression; depth; description; detached; determined; development; diagram; dialects; diameter; differences; different; difficulty; dimensions; direction; discovery; distance; distant; distinct; distribution; district; division; doctrine; doubt; drainage; drift; dry; duration; dwellings; earlier; earliest; earth; east; eastern; edinburgh; edition; elephant; elephas; elevated; elevation; end; engis; england; english; enormous; entire; entrance; eocene; epoch; equal; erratics; essay; estimate; estuary; etc; europe; european; events; evidence; example; exception; existence; existing; experienced; explanation; extension; extensive; extent; extinct; extinct mammalia; extinct species; extinction; extreme; fact; falconer; far; farther; fauna; favour; feet; feet high; feet long; feet thick; figure; filling; find; fine; fish; flint; floor; flora; flowing; fluminalis; fluviatile; fluvio; following; food; foot; footnote; force; foreign; forest; formation; forms; forward; fossil; fossil species; fossiliferous; fourth; fragments; france; french; frequent; freshwater; furrows; future; gaps; general; generations; geneva; genus; geographical; geography; geological; geologists; geology; germany; glacial; glacial drift; glacial period; glaciation; glaciers; glen; good; gorilla; gradual; granite; gravel; great; greater; greatest; greenland; grotto; ground; groups; growth; habits; half; hand; hard; hatchets; head; heer; height; hemisphere; higher; highest; hill; hippopotamus; historical; history; hole; hooker; horizontal; horse; hoxne; huge; human; human bones; human period; hundreds; huxley; hyaena; hypothesis; ibid; ice; idea; identical; illustration; implements; important; impossible; inches; inclined; independent; individuals; influence; inhabitants; inhabited; inland; insects; instruments; intelligence; interior; intermediate; interval; introduction; ireland; iron; islands; isles; jamieson; jaw; journal; jura; kind; kingdom; kitchen; knives; knowledge; known; lake; lamarck; land; languages; lapse; large; lartet; late; lateral; latitude; laws; layers; left; length; level; liege; life; lignite; like; limestone; limits; line; links; little; living; living species; loam; localities; loess; london; long; longer; loose; lost; lower; lowest; lyell; making; mammalia; mammoth; man; mankind; manner; map; marine; marine shells; marked; marl; mass; masses; mastodon; materials; matrix; matter; means; mediterranean; memoir; memorials; menchecourt; mere; meridionalis; meuse; middens; middle; miles; mind; minor; miocene; missing; mississippi; mixed; modern; modification; moen; mollusca; monuments; moraines; morlot; mounds; mountains; movement; mud; mundesley; museum; names; narrow; natchez; natural; naturalists; nature; neanderthal; near; nearest; necessary; negative; negro; neighbourhood; new; new species; newer; nile; norfolk; north; northern; norway; norwich; number; numerous; oak; observations; observed; occipital; occurrence; ocean; old; older; oldest; oolite; open; opinion; opposite; ordinary; organic; origin; original; oscillations; oval; overlying; owen; page; paper; parallel; parent; parts; passage; past; peat; pebbles; peculiar; people; perfect; period; perthes; phenomena; philosophical; physical; pieces; pits; place; plain; plants; pleistocene; pleistocene period; pliocene; point; pointed; polished; portions; position; posterior; pottery; powers; presence; present; preservation; prestwich; primates; primigenius; primitive; principal; principles; probable; proceedings; professor; progress; progression; proofs; proper; proportion; puy; quadrupeds; quantity; quarterly; question; races; raised; ramsay; range; rate; reader; reason; recent; recent period; recent species; record; red; referable; reference; regard; region; reindeer; relation; relative; relics; remains; remarkable; remarks; remote; reptiles; researches; resemblance; resting; results; retreat; review; revolutions; rhine; rhinoceros; ridges; right; rise; river; roads; rocks; roman; rounded; roy; royal; rude; running; sand; sandstone; saw; scale; scandinavia; scarce; scattered; schmerling; science; scientific; scotch; scotland; sea; seas; second; secondary; section; sediment; seine; selection; separate; series; set; settlements; shape; shelf; shells; shelves; shores; short; sides; signs; similar; single; sinking; sir; size; skeleton; skull; slight; slope; slow; small; smaller; snow; society; soil; solid; somme; south; southern; species; specific; specimen; speech; spite; spot; spread; stag; stalagmite; state; steep; stock; stone; stone period; strata; stratified; stratum; stream; striated; structure; study; subject; submerged; submergence; subsequent; subsidence; successive; suffolk; superciliary; superficial; superior; support; supposed; surface; sweden; swiss; switzerland; system; teeth; temperature; terminal; terms; terrace; terrestrial; tertiary; thames; theory; thickness; things; thought; thousands; tichorhinus; till; time; tools; trains; transactions; transmutation; trees; tributaries; tributary; true; turn; type; unable; undergone; underlying; undisturbed; uniform; united; upheaval; upper; upward; ursus; valley; variation; varieties; variety; varying; vast; vegetable; vegetation; vertical; view; visit; volcanic; volume; wales; water; way; weapons; west; western; white; wide; width; wild; winter; wood; wooden; words; work; worked; workmen; world; years; young
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        item: #34 of 36
          id: 6882
      author: Day, Clarence
       title: This Simian World
        date: None
       words: 15639
      flesch: 80
     summary: Imagine a cultivated coterie of such men and women, at a ball, dancing. When we think of these creatures as little men (which is all wrong of course) we see they have their faults.
    keywords: active; ages; animals; ants; apes; arabella; archer; bad; beginning; beings; beliefs; best; better; bits; blind; blood; books; brain; cats; certain; chance; chatter; cities; civilization; civilized; course; craft; creatures; creeds; curiosity; day; deep; descendants; desire; development; different; discipline; discoveries; dogs; earth; elephant; end; eyes; facts; far; fine; force; form; free; god; gods; good; great; hard; high; idea; impulse; instance; instinct; interest; jack; jill; kind; knowing; knowledge; labor; language; large; life; like; little; lives; living; long; love; man; matter; men; mere; minds; monkeys; natural; nature; need; new; night; numbers; old; pair; passion; people; planet; poor; potter; power; pride; primates; problem; race; reason; respect; rule; self; sense; sign; simians; small; snake; social; souls; species; spirit; stage; stand; strange; streets; strength; strong; study; super; sure; talk; things; thought; thousands; time; toil; traits; true; truth; universe; use; vision; way; ways; wild; wish; work; world; young
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        item: #35 of 36
          id: 6919
      author: Huxley, Thomas Henry
       title: Darwiniana : Essays — Volume 02
        date: None
       words: 116377
      flesch: 52
     summary: But there are multitudes of other animals, such as crabs, lobsters, spiders, and so on, which we term _ There are other animals existing on the sea, the shells of which form exceedingly large deposits.
    keywords: absence; absolute; account; acquaintance; action; adaptation; adult; advance; advantage; agamogenesis; ages; aid; air; america; analogy; anatomy; ancon; animalcules; animals; answer; appearance; application; argument; arisen; aristotle; artificial; assertion; assumed; assumption; attempt; attention; augustin; authority; aware; ball; basis; beagle; beak; bearing; beds; beings; belief; best; better; biology; birds; black; blood; bodies; body; bones; bonnet; book; boy; brain; breed; breeding; brief; broad; buffon; c'est; capable; capacity; care; careful; carrier; case; catholic; causes; cell; century; certain; changes; chapter; character; characteristic; charles; chief; children; church; circumstances; classification; clear; climate; clock; close; colour; coming; common; comparison; competent; complete; complex; complexity; conception; concerned; conclusion; conditions; consciousness; consequence; considerable; consideration; constant; contrary; conviction; correct; country; course; creation; creatures; criticisms; cross; crossed; crossing; curious; cut; cuvier; dans; darwin; darwinian; darwinism; day; days; deal; death; deductive; definite; definition; degree; demonstration; deposits; des; descent; desire; detail; development; die; differences; different; difficulties; difficulty; direct; direction; discovery; discussion; distinct; distinct species; distinction; distinguished; distribution; doctrine; dog; dogs; domestic; doubt; dry; duty; earlier; early; earth; easy; edition; effect; egg; elementary; elements; embryo; endeavour; enormous; epigenesis; epoch; espèces; essay; essential; established; estimate; events; evidence; evolution; exact; example; exercise; exhibit; existence; existing; exists; experience; experiments; explanation; expression; extensive; extent; external; extinct; extraordinary; extreme; eyes; fact; faculties; faculty; fair; faith; familiar; famous; father; fauna; favour; favourable; feet; female; fertile; fertilisation; fertility; field; fieri; fig; final; fingers; fish; fit; fiunt; flourens; following; food; footnote; forces; fore; formation; forms; fossil; foundation; fresh; friend; function; fundamental; general; generation; geographical; geological; geology; germ; globe; god; good; gradual; gratio; great; greater; greatest; green; ground; groups; growth; habit; haeckel; half; hand; hard; harmony; harvey; head; hereditary; higher; highest; historical; history; hold; hope; horse; human; hybrids; hypothesis; hæc; idea; ignorance; ignorant; iii; illustration; imagine; immediate; immense; imperfect; important; inconsistent; increase; indirect; individual; infertile; infinite; influence; infusion; inorganic; inquiries; inquiry; insects; instance; intellectual; intelligence; intelligible; interest; interesting; intermediate; internal; investigation; islands; jaw; judgment; justice; kelleia; kind; kingdom; knowledge; known; kölliker; lamarck; land; language; large; laws; layer; lead; lectures; left; legs; length; les; lib; lies; life; like; likely; limbs; limits; line; little; living; long; longer; look; lowest; lyell; maillet; mais; majority; makes; making; male; man; mankind; manner; marked; marks; mass; materials; matter; meaning; means; mechanism; members; memory; mental; mere; method; mill; mind; minor; minute; mivart; modern; modification; modified; molecular; molecules; moment; moral; morphological; mud; multiplication; muscles; natural; natural selection; natural species; naturalists; nature; naturelle; necessary; necessity; need; negative; nervous; new; new species; nihilo; non; normal; notice; notion; nous; number; objections; objects; observation; obvious; occasion; offspring; old; open; operation; opinion; opponents; opposed; order; ordinary; organic; organic nature; organisation; organisms; organs; origin; original; orthodoxy; pains; parental; parents; particles; particular; parts; passage; past; peculiarities; peculiarity; people; perfect; period; permanent; perpetuation; personal; persons; phenomena; philosophers; philosophical; philosophy; physical; physiological; piece; pigeon; pigs; place; plants; pleasure; point; portion; position; possible; pour; pouter; power; practical; precise; predecessors; present; preservation; previous; primitive; principles; probability; probable; problem; process; processes; produce; production; products; professor; profound; progeny; progress; proof; properties; proposition; proved; publication; pure; purpose; qu'il; quam; quarterly; question; quia; quod; races; ram; rate; reach; reading; real; reason; reasoning; record; reference; regard; region; relation; religion; remains; remarkable; reply; reptiles; requirements; researches; respect; rest; result; return; reviewer; right; rise; rocks; room; royal; rudimentary; run; satisfied; savage; school; science; scientific; sea; second; section; seeds; selection; selective; sensations; sense; sensible; separate; series; set; sexes; sexual; shape; sheep; shows; sides; similar; similarity; simple; single; singular; size; skeleton; skin; skull; slight; slightest; small; smaller; society; sont; sort; soul; sound; source; south; space; special; species; speculations; spontaneous; stand; state; statement; step; sterility; stock; strength; striking; strong; structure; struggle; student; study; suarez; subject; substance; substantial; successive; sufficient; supply; support; supposed; supposition; sure; surface; system; tail; teeth; teleology; tendencies; tendency; term; tertiary; theology; theoretical; theory; thickness; things; thomas; thought; time; toes; tout; trace; transmission; transmutation; trouble; true; truth; tube; tumbler; turn; type; universal; universe; unknown; upper; useful; useless; value; variation; varies; varieties; variety; vast; vegetable; venture; vessel; views; virtue; wallace; want; waste; watch; water; way; ways; weight; whale; white; wild; window; wish; wonderful; words; work; working; world; worth; writer; wrong; years; young; été
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        item: #36 of 36
          id: 7234
      author: Vries, Hugo de
       title: Species and Varieties, Their Origin by Mutation
        date: None
       words: 184513
      flesch: 62
     summary: Young stems of _rubrinervis_ may be broken off by a sharp stroke, and show a smooth rupture across all the tissues, while those of _lamarckiana_ are very tough and strong. This was especially observed in the case of _rubrinervis_, which is not of such rare occurrence as _O. gigas_, and which it has been possible to study in large numbers of individuals.
    keywords: able; absolute; acacia; accidental; account; active; activity; adaptation; adequate; adult; agency; agree; allied; alpine; alternate; america; analogous; analogy; analysis; ancestors; annual; anomalies; anomalous; anomaly; anthers; apparent; appearance; apples; appreciation; arisen; artificial; ascidia; aspect; assertion; assume; assumption; atavism; atavistic; atavists; attention; attributes; authors; available; average; barley; base; basis; bear; bearing; beautiful; beds; beets; beginning; belief; belong; best; better; biennial; biennis; black; blue; botanical; bracts; branches; breeders; breeding; brevistylis; bright; broad; broader; buds; candolle; capable; capacity; capsules; care; careful; cases; cause; cells; central; centuries; century; cereals; certain; chances; change; characteristics; characters; chief; choice; chosen; circumstances; clear; climate; close; clover; coconut; collected; color; colored; combination; common; common species; comparative; comparison; complete; comply; composites; compound; conception; conclusion; conditions; consequence; consideration; consist; constancy; constant; constitution; continued; continuous; contrary; contrast; converted; corn; corolla; corresponding; countries; country; course; crosses; crossing; crown; cruciata; cultivated; cultivation; culture; curious; current; curves; cut; dark; darwin; day; decision; definite; degree; dependent; descent; description; detailed; details; determination; determined; development; deviations; differences; different; different species; different varieties; differentiating; difficult; difficulties; direction; discovery; discussion; display; distance; distant; distinct; distinction; distinguished; distribution; divergent; diverging; diversity; divided; dormant; double; double flowers; double varieties; doubt; doubtful; draba; dry; dwarf; easy; effect; elementary species; entire; equal; erect; essential; europe; european; evening; evidence; evident; evolution; exact; examples; exception; exhibit; existence; experience; experiments; explanation; extent; external; extremes; fact; factors; fall; families; family; far; fasciated; favorable; features; fertile; fertility; fertilization; field; figures; fine; flax; flora; florets; flowered; flowering; flowers; fluctuating; foliage; following; forms; fourth; france; free; fruits; garden; general; generation; genus; germany; gigas; good; gradual; grains; great; greater; greatest; green; ground; groups; growth; habit; hairy; half; hand; harvest; heads; height; hereditary; high; higher; highest; historical; history; holland; horticultural; hue; hundreds; hybrid; hybridization; hypothesis; idea; illustrative; importance; improved; improvement; impurities; increase; indication; individuals; influence; inheritance; inner; inquiry; insects; inspection; instances; interesting; intermediate; internal; introduced; introduction; investigation; isolated; isolation; kernels; kind; kingdom; knowledge; known; lacking; laevifolia; lamarckiana; large; large number; largest; lata; latency; latent; later; lateral; law; laws; leaf; leaflets; leap; leaves; lecture; left; length; lesser; liable; life; like; limited; limits; line; linear; linnaeus; little; living; lobes; localities; locality; long; longer; loss; lost; lot; lots; main; majority; majus; manifest; manner; marigold; marked; marks; material; matter; means; measure; members; mendel; method; middle; minor; mixed; moment; monstrosities; monstrosity; morphologic; multiplication; multiplied; muricata; mutability; mutable; mutants; mutations; mutative; names; nanella; narrow; narrower; native; natural; nature; near; necessary; need; negative; neighboring; new; new forms; new species; new type; new varieties; new variety; normal; nourishment; novelties; novelty; number; numerical; numerous; nursery; observation; observed; obvious; occasion; occurrence; occurring; oenothera; officinalis; offspring; old; oldest; ones; open; opium; opportunity; opposite; order; ordinary; ordinary species; organs; origin; original; outer; pairs; pale; parent; parental; partial; parts; peculiarities; peculiarity; pedigree; peloric; percentage; perennial; period; periodicity; permanent; petals; phenomenon; physiologic; pinnate; place; plants; point; pointed; pollen; pollination; poor; poppies; poppy; position; positive; possibility; possible; power; practical; practice; preparation; present; prevails; previous; primary; primrose; principal; principle; probability; probable; problem; process; processes; produce; production; progeny; progression; proof; proportion; prototype; pure; purity; purple; purpose; qualities; quality; quaternate; question; quetelet; race; range; rank; rapid; rare; rays; reach; real; reason; recent; recorded; red; reduced; regions; related; relation; reliable; remaining; remains; remarkable; repetition; representatives; respect; restricted; result; retrograde; retrograde varieties; retrogressive; return; reversion; revert; rich; rimpau; ripening; roots; rosettes; rows; rubrinervis; rule; scale; scientific; scintillans; second; secondary; seedlings; seeds; selection; self; sense; separate; series; sexual; shape; shirreff; short; shows; shrubs; sides; significance; similar; simple; single; single species; size; slender; slight; slow; small; smaller; smooth; snapdragon; soil; sorts; sowing; sown; space; special; species; specific; specimens; spikes; spiral; split; splitting; spontaneous; sporting; spots; stable; stalks; stamens; standard; starting; state; stature; stems; step; sterile; stocks; straight; strain; stray; strength; striking; striped; strong; stronger; structure; struggle; studies; study; subdivisions; subject; subsequent; subspecies; succeeding; successive; sudden; suffice; sufficient; sugar; summer; summit; sundry; superfluous; supernumerary; support; survey; swarms; sweet; systematic; systematic species; systematists; tall; teasels; tendency; term; terminal; test; testing; theoretical; theory; things; thousands; time; tinge; tissues; toad; treatment; trees; tricolor; tricotyls; true; twigs; twisted; type; typical; unchanged; understood; uniform; united; units; universal; unknown; upper; use; useful; useless; validity; value; variability; variable; variations; varietal; varieties; variety; vegetable; vegetative; vicinism; vicinity; view; vilmorin; visible; vulgaris; way; ways; weak; weaker; weather; weeks; weeping; wheat; white; white flowers; white species; white varieties; wide; wild; wild plants; wild species; winter; word; work; worth; writers; yearly; years; yellow; young; young plants
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