







 
   
     
       
         The second booke of the English husbandman Contayning the ordering of the kitchin-garden, and the planting of strange flowers: the breeding of all manner of cattell. Together with the cures, the feeding of cattell, the ordering both of pastures and meddow-ground: with the vse both of high-wood and vnder-wood. Whereunto is added a treatise, called Good mens recreation: contayning a discourse of the generall art of fishing, with the angle, and otherwise; and of all the hidden secrets belonging thereunto. Together vvith the choyce, ordering, breeding, and dyeting of the fighting cocke. A worke neuer written before by any author. By G.M.
         English husbandman. Part 2-3
         Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
      
       
         
           1614
        
      
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         A06927
         STC 17356
         ESTC S112058
         99847317
         99847317
         12348
         
           
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             The second booke of the English husbandman Contayning the ordering of the kitchin-garden, and the planting of strange flowers: the breeding of all manner of cattell. Together with the cures, the feeding of cattell, the ordering both of pastures and meddow-ground: with the vse both of high-wood and vnder-wood. Whereunto is added a treatise, called Good mens recreation: contayning a discourse of the generall art of fishing, with the angle, and otherwise; and of all the hidden secrets belonging thereunto. Together vvith the choyce, ordering, breeding, and dyeting of the fighting cocke. A worke neuer written before by any author. By G.M.
             English husbandman. Part 2-3
             Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.
             Dennys, John, d. 1609. Secrets of angling.
          
           [16], 56, 59-205 [i.e. 105], [1]; [2], 51, [3] p.
           
             Printed by T[homas] S[nodham] for Iohn Browne, and are to be sould at his shop in S. Dunstanes Church-yard in Fleetstreet,
             London :
             1614.
          
           
             G.M. = Gervase Markham.
             Printer's name from STC.
             "The pleasures of princes, or Good mens recreations", a prose paraphrase with additions of "The secrets of angling" by John Dennys, has separate dated title page, pagination, and register.
             The first leaf is blank except for signature-mark "A"; the last leaf is blank.
             P. 105 misnumbered 205.
             A variant (STC 17356a) has title pages dated 1615.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Fishing -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Agriculture -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           Second
           Booke
           of
           the
           English
           Husbandman
           .
        
         
           CONTAYNING
           the
           Ordering
           of
           the
           Kitchin-Garden
           ,
           and
           the
           Planting
           of
           strange
           Flowers
           :
           the
           breeding
           of
           all
           manner
           of
           CATTELL
           .
           Together
           with
           the
           Cures
           ,
           the
           feeding
           of
           Cattell
           ,
           the
           Ordering
           both
           of
           Pastures
           and
           Meddow-ground
           :
           with
           the
           vse
           both
           of
           high-wood
           and
           vnder-wood
           .
        
         
           WHEREVNTO
           IS
           ADDED
           a
           TREATISE
           ,
           called
           
             Goodmens
             Recreation
          
           :
           Contayning
           a
           Discourse
           of
           the
           generall
           Art
           of
           Fishing
           ,
           with
           the
           Angle
           ,
           and
           otherwise
           ;
           and
           of
           all
           the
           hidden
           secrets
           belonging
           thereunto
           .
        
         
           TOGETHER
           With
           the
           Choyce
           ,
           Ordering
           ,
           Breeding
           ,
           and
           Dyeting
           of
           the
           fighting
           Cocke
           .
        
         
           A
           worke
           neuer
           written
           before
           by
           any
           Author
           .
        
         
           By
           
             G.
             M.
          
           
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           by
           
             T.
             S.
          
           for
           
             Iohn
             Browne
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sould
           at
           his
           shop
           in
           S.
           Dunstanes
           Church-yard
           in
           Fleetstreet
           .
           1614.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           Table
           of
           all
           the
           principall
           matters
           contayned
           in
           this
           Booke
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             How
             the
             Husbandman
             shall
             iudge
             and
             fore-know
             all
             kinde
             of
             weather
             ,
             and
             other
             seasons
             of
             the
             yeere
             .
          
           
             
               OF
               Raine
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               clouds
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               Moone
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
               Signes
               from
               Lightning
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               Fowle
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               Beasts
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               things
               without
               Motion
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               much
               Raine
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               Snow
               or
               Hayle
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               Winde
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               Tempests
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               faire
               weather
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               Winter
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               the
               Spring
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               hot
               summer
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               long
               winter
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               forward
               or
               backward
               yeere
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               good
               or
               bad
               yeere
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               Christmas
               day
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               sunne
               rising
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               twelue
               dayes
               in
               Christmas
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               
                 S.
                 Paules
              
               day
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               Maudlin
               and
               
                 S.
                 Switthens
              
               day
               ,
               if
               Corne
               shall
               be
               cheap
               or
               deere
               .
            
             
               Signes
               from
               Thunder
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               sickenesse
               or
               health
               .
            
             
               The
               preseruation
               of
               health
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             The
             choyse
             of
             Grounds
             for
             the
             Kitchin-Garden
             ,
             and
             the
             ordering
             thereof
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               THe
               choyce
               of
               Ground
               .
            
             
               The
               bettering
               of
               Grounds
               .
            
             
               The
               trenching
               of
               Grounds
               .
            
             
               Of
               breaking
               the
               Garden-mould
               .
            
             
               Ordering
               of
               Garden-beds
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               fruitfull
               soyle
               .
            
             
               The
               necessariest
               ornament
               in
               a
               Garden
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Of
             the
             Sowing
             and
             Ordering
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Pot-Hearbes
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               all
               sorts
               of
               Pot-hearbs
               .
            
             
               Of
               Endiue
               and
               Succory
               .
            
             
               Of
               Beets
               .
            
             
               Of
               Land-Cresses
               .
            
             
               Of
               Parcely
               .
            
             
               Of
               Sauory
               .
            
             
               Of
               Time.
               
            
             
               Of
               French
               Mallowes
               ,
               and
               Cheruil
               .
            
             
               Of
               Dill.
               
            
             
               Of
               Issop
               .
            
             
               Of
               Mints
               .
            
             
               Of
               Violets
               .
            
             
               Of
               Basill
               .
            
             
               Of
               sweet
               Marioram
               and
               Marigolds
               .
            
             
               Of
               Strawburyes
               .
            
             
               Of
               Borrage
               and
               Buglosse
               .
            
             
               Of
               Rosemary
               .
            
             
               Of
               Pennyroyall
               .
            
             
               Of
               Leekes
               .
            
             
               Of
               Onyons
               .
            
             
               Of
               gathering
               Onyon-seeds
               ,
               or
               the
               Onyon
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             Of
             sowing
             of
             certaine
             Hearbes
             which
             are
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             but
             especially
             are
             medicinall
             ,
             yet
             euer
             in
             the
             Husbandmans
             Garden
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               Arage
               .
            
             
               Of
               Lumbardy
               Louage
               .
            
             
               Of
               Fennell
               .
            
             
               Of
               Anyse
               .
            
             
               
               Of
               Comyn
               .
            
             
               Of
               Colyander
               .
            
             
               Of
               Rue
               .
            
             
               Of
               Organy
               .
            
             
               Of
               white
               Poppye
               .
            
             
               Of
               Germander
               .
            
             
               Of
               Cardus
               Benedictus
               .
            
             
               Of
               Angelica
               .
            
             
               Of
               Valerian
               .
            
             
               Of
               Elecampana
               .
            
             
               Of
               Pepper-wort
               .
            
             
               Of
               Phylipendula
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             Of
             diuer
             sorts
             of
             Sallet-Hearbes
             ,
             their
             manner
             of
             Sowing
             and
             Ordering
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               Lettuce
               .
            
             
               Of
               Spinage
               .
            
             
               Of
               Sparagus
               .
            
             
               Of
               Colworts
               .
            
             
               Of
               Sage
               .
            
             
               Of
               Purslaine
               .
            
             
               Of
               Artichocks
               .
            
             
               Of
               Garlicke
               .
            
             
               Of
               Raddish
               .
            
             
               Of
               Nauewe
               .
            
             
               Of
               Parsenips
               and
               Carrets
               .
            
             
               Of
               Pompions
               or
               Mellons
               .
            
             
               Of
               Cowcumbers
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Beanes
               of
               Aegipt
               .
            
             
               Of
               Skerrets
               .
            
             
               A
               most
               necessary
               obseruation
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             Of
             Flowers
             of
             all
             sorts
             ,
             both
             forraine
             and
             home-bred
             ,
             their
             sowing
             ,
             planting
             ,
             and
             preseruing
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               Roses
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Damaske
               Rose
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               redde
               Rose
               .
            
             
               
               Of
               the
               white
               Rose
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Cynamon
               Rose
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               the
               Cynamon
               Rose
               grow
               double
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Prouence
               Rose
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               Roses
               smell
               well
               .
            
             
               Generall
               notes
               touching
               Roses
               .
            
             
               Of
               Lauender
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               white
               Lilly.
               
            
             
               To
               make
               Lillies
               of
               any
               colour
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               Lillies
               flourish
               all
               the
               yere
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               wood
               Lilly.
               
            
             
               Of
               the
               Flowre
               de
               Lice
               .
            
             
               Of
               Pyonye
               .
            
             
               Of
               Petiluis
               .
            
             
               Of
               veluet
               Flowers
               .
            
             
               Of
               Gilly-Flowers
               .
            
             
               Of
               grafting
               of
               Gilly-Flowers
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               smels
               of
               Gilly-Flowers
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               wall
               Gilly-Flower
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Hellytropian
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Crowne-Emperiall
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Dulippo
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Hyacinth
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Narcissus
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Daffadill
               ,
               Colombine
               ,
               and
               Chesbole
               .
            
             
               An
               excellent
               Caution
               .
            
             
               A
               new
               manner
               of
               planting
               Flowers
               and
               Fruits
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             How
             to
             preserue
             all
             manner
             of
             Seeds
             ,
             Hearbs
             ,
             Flowers
             ,
             and
             Fruits
             ,
             from
             all
             manner
             of
             noysome
             and
             pestilent
             things
             ,
             which
             deuoure
             and
             hurt
             them
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               Thunder
               and
               Lightning
               .
            
             
               Of
               Caterpillers
               .
            
             
               Of
               Toads
               and
               Frogs
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               field
               Mice
               .
            
             
               Of
               Flies
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               greene
               Flie.
               
            
             
               Of
               Gnats
               .
            
             
               Of
               Pissemires
               .
            
             
               Of
               Moales
               .
            
             
               Of
               Snayles
               .
            
             
               Of
               Moathes
               .
            
             
               Of
               Canckers
               .
            
             
               Of
               Garden
               wormes
               .
            
             
               An
               excellent
               experiment
               .
            
             
               The
               Conclusion
               of
               the
               Kitchin-Garden
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Table
           of
           the
           second
           part
           of
           the
           second
           Booke
           .
           Contayning
           the
           Ordering
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           VVoods
           ,
           and
           the
           breeding
           of
           Cattell
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             Of
             the
             beginning
             of
             VVoods
             ,
             first
             sowing
             ,
             and
             necessary
             vse
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               WOod
               better
               then
               Gold.
               
            
             
               The
               excellent
               vses
               of
               Wood.
               
            
             
               The
               plantation
               of
               Wood.
               
            
             
               The
               fencing
               of
               young
               Woods
               .
            
             
               When
               Cattel
               may
               graze
               in
               springs
               .
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               Clay-ground
               for
               Woods
               .
            
             
               A
               speciall
               note
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             The
             deuision
             of
             vnder-Woods
             ,
             their
             sale
             and
             profit
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               THE
               deuision
               of
               Woods
               .
            
             
               The
               value
               of
               vnderwood
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               sale
               of
               vnderwoods
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               cut
               vnderwoods
               .
            
             
               The
               fencing
               of
               sales
               .
            
             
               The
               Woodwards
               duty
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Of
             High-woods
             ,
             and
             their
             plantation
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               WHat
               High-woods
               are
               .
            
             
               The
               beginning
               of
               highwoods
               .
            
             
               The
               plantation
               of
               your
               high-woods
               .
            
             
               
               Of
               planting
               the
               Elme
               .
            
             
               Of
               planting
               the
               Ash.
               
            
             
               Obiection
               .
            
             
               Answere
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             The
             preseruation
             and
             sale
             of
             High-woods
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               Trees
               which
               take
               wet
               inwardly
               .
            
             
               Of
               Barke-bound
               .
            
             
               Of
               Hornets
               and
               Dores
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Canker
               .
            
             
               Of
               Pissemires
               .
            
             
               Of
               ●uye
               ,
               Woodbine
               ,
               and
               Mysselto
               .
            
             
               Of
               Thunder
               and
               Lightning
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               sale
               of
               tall
               Woods
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               chuse
               Timbers
               .
            
             
               Of
               Mill-Timber
               .
            
             
               Of
               Timber
               to
               beare
               burthen
               .
            
             
               Timber
               for
               Poales
               ,
               Wainescot
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Timber
               for
               Piles
               or
               water
               workes
               .
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               Elme
               .
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               Ashe
               .
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               Walnut
               tree
               .
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               Peare
               tree
               .
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               Maple
               ,
               Beech
               ,
               or
               Poplar
               .
            
             
               Of
               Char-coale
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               valew
               Tymber
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               measure
               Timber
               by
               guesse
               .
            
             
               Best
               seasons
               for
               the
               sale
               .
            
             
               The
               time
               for
               Chapmen
               .
            
             
               When
               to
               cut
               downe
               Tymber
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             Of
             the
             breeding
             of
             Wood
             in
             rich
             Champaine
             Soyles
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               HOW
               to
               set
               all
               sorts
               of
               Quick-sets
               .
            
             
               Planting
               of
               greater
               Trees
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               setting
               of
               Willowes
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               vse
               of
               Willowes
               ,
               Sallowes
               ,
               and
               Oziers
               .
            
             
               The
               ordering
               of
               Willowes
               .
            
             
               The
               ordering
               of
               the
               Ozier
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             Of
             plashing
             of
             Hedges
             ,
             and
             lopping
             or
             heading
             of
             Timber
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               VVHat
               plashing
               is
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               plash
               .
            
             
               The
               time
               of
               yeere
               .
            
             
               The
               tooles
               to
               plash
               with
               .
            
             
               The
               profit
               of
               plashing
               .
            
             
               The
               lopping
               of
               Timber
               .
            
             
               What
               lopping
               is
               .
            
             
               The
               season
               for
               lopping
               .
            
             
               How
               you
               shall
               loppe
               Timber
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             Of
             Pasture-grounds
             ,
             their
             order
             ,
             profit
             ,
             and
             generall
             vse
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               DIuersitie
               and
               vse
               of
               Pastures
               .
            
             
               Of
               barraine
               Pastures
               .
            
             
               Signes
               of
               barrainnesse
               .
            
             
               Bettering
               of
               Soyles
               .
            
             
               Sowing
               of
               good
               seeds
               .
            
             
               For
               abundance
               of
               grasse
               .
            
             
               The
               imperfection
               of
               meanure
               .
            
             
               To
               helpe
               a
               slow
               Spring
               .
            
             
               To
               helpe
               naughty
               grasse
               .
            
             
               To
               helpe
               Sunne-burning
               .
            
             
               To
               helpe
               ling
               or
               braken
               .
            
             
               To
               helpe
               marrishes
               .
            
             
               To
               helpe
               mossinesse
               .
            
             
               The
               generall
               vse
               of
               barraine
               grounds
               .
            
             
               What
               Cattell
               to
               be
               bred
               .
            
             
               Of
               fertile
               grounds
               .
            
             
               Deuision
               of
               rich
               grounds
               .
            
             
               Vse
               of
               rich
               grounds
               .
            
             
               Ordering
               of
               Pastures
               .
            
             
               Feeding
               of
               Cattell
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               know
               a
               fat
               beast
               .
            
             
               Of
               Meddowes
               ,
               and
               their
               ordering
               .
            
             
               Preseruation
               of
               Meddowes
               .
            
             
               VVhen
               to
               lay
               Meddowes
               .
            
             
               VVhen
               to
               mowe
               Meddowes
               .
            
             
               Inclination
               of
               weather
               .
            
             
               The
               manner
               to
               mow
               Meddowes
               .
            
             
               How
               to
               make
               Hay
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               fine
               Hay
               .
            
             
               To
               make
               course
               Hay
               .
            
             
               Vse
               of
               Hay
               for
               Cattell
               of
               all
               sorts
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
             A
             new
             method
             for
             the
             Husbandly
             curing
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Cattell
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               THE
               reason
               of
               this
               Chapter
               .
            
             
               All
               diseases
               to
               be
               cured
               with
               twelue
               medicines
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 inward
                 sicknesses
              
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               medicine
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 outward
                 diseases
              
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               fift
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               sixt
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               seauenth
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               eyght
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               ninth
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               tenth
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               eleauenth
               medicine
               .
            
             
               The
               twelfth
               medicine
               .
            
             
               Diseases
               in
               the
               feet
               .
            
             
               Diseases
               in
               the
               feete
               ,
               or
               for
               stifling
               .
            
          
        
         
           The
           end
           of
           the
           Table
           for
           Husbandry
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Of
           Angling
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             Of
             Angling
             :
             the
             Vertue
             ,
             Vse
             ,
             and
             Antiquitie
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               THe
               Vse
               of
               Angling
               .
            
             
               The
               Antiquitie
               of
               Angling
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             Of
             the
             Tooles
             ,
             and
             Implements
             for
             Angling
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               the
               Angle-rodde
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               toppe
               of
               the
               Angle-rodde
               .
            
             
               The
               Angle-rodde
               of
               one
               piece
               .
            
             
               The
               Angle-rodde
               of
               many
               pieces
               .
            
             
               Of
               Lines
               .
            
             
               Of
               colouring
               of
               Lines
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Corke
               .
            
             
               Of
               Angle
               Hookes
               .
            
             
               Of
               other
               Implements
               for
               Anglers
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Of
             the
             Anglers
             cloathes
             ,
             and
             inward
             qualities
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               the
               ANCLERS
               Apparell
               .
            
             
               Anglers
               Vertues
               .
            
             
               Certaine
               Cautions
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             Of
             the
             seasons
             to
             Angle
             in
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               THE
               Anglers
               manner
               of
               standing
               .
            
             
               The
               best
               seasons
               to
               Angle
               in
               .
            
             
               Seasons
               ill
               to
               Angle
               in
               .
            
             
               Of
               Fishes
               haunts
               .
            
             
               Obiection
               .
            
             
               Answere
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             Of
             Baits
             in
             generall
             ,
             and
             of
             euery
             particular
             kinde
             ,
             their
             seasons
             and
             vse
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               SEasons
               for
               bayts
               .
            
             
               Of
               Flyes
               .
            
             
               The
               making
               of
               Flyes
               .
            
             
               Preseruation
               of
               Bayts
               .
            
             
               Of
               making
               Pastes
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             Of
             Angling
             for
             euery
             seuerall
             kinde
             of
             Fish
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             natures
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               OF
               the
               Goodgin
               ,
               Roche
               ,
               and
               Dace
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Carpe
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Chub
               ,
               Cheuin
               ,
               or
               Trout
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Eele
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Flounder
               or
               Sewant
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Grayling
               or
               Barbell
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Breame
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Tench
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Bleke
               ,
               Ruffe
               ,
               or
               Perch
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Pyke
               .
            
             
               Of
               Snyckling
               of
               the
               Pyke
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Salmon
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
          
           
             Of
             taking
             Fish
             without
             Angles
             ,
             and
             of
             laying
             Hookes
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
          
           
             Of
             preseruing
             Fish
             from
             all
             sorts
             of
             deuourers
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IX
             .
          
           
             Of
             ordering
             of
             Ponds
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             Fish.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             X.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             best
             Water-Lime
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Of
           the
           fighting
           Cocke
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             Of
             the
             Choyce
             ,
             Ordering
             ,
             Breeding
             ,
             and
             Dyeting
             of
             the
             fighting
             Cocke
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Contents
               .
            
             
               THE
               choyce
               of
               the
               Cocke
               for
               battell
               .
            
             
               The
               breeding
               of
               the
               battell
               Cocke
               .
            
             
               The
               dyeting
               of
               Cockes
               for
               battell
               .
            
             
               Of
               taking
               vp
               Cockes
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               Cocke-penne
               .
            
             
               Of
               his
               dyet
               .
            
             
               Of
               sparring
               of
               Cockes
               .
            
             
               The
               stouing
               of
               Cockes
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               best
               dyet-bread
               .
            
             
               Of
               the
               best
               scowring
               .
            
             
               The
               matching
               of
               Cockes
               .
            
             
               The
               preparing
               Cockes
               to
               the
               fight
               .
            
             
               The
               ordering
               of
               Cockes
               after
               the
               battell
               ,
               and
               the
               curing
               them
               .
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           FIRST
           PART
           of
           the
           second
           BOOKE
           of
           the
           English
           Husbandman
           :
           Contayning
           the
           Ordering
           of
           the
           Kitchin-garden
           ,
           and
           the
           planting
           of
           strange
           FLOVVERS
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             How
             the
             Husbandman
             shall
             iudge
             and
             fore-know
             all
             kinde
             of
             Weathers
             ,
             and
             other
             seasons
             of
             the
             yeere
             .
          
           
             ALthough
             GOD
             out
             of
             his
             infinite
             prouidence
             ,
             is
             the
             onely
             directer
             and
             ruler
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             gouerning
             the
             yéeres
             ,
             dayes
             ,
             minutes
             and
             seasons
             of
             the
             yeere
             according
             to
             the
             power
             of
             his
             Will
             :
             yet
             for
             as
             much
             as
             hee
             hath
             giuen
             vs
             his
             Creatures
             ,
             and
             placed
             the
             Celestiall
             bodies
             to
             holde
             their
             influences
             in
             vs
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             else
             which
             haue
             increasement
             ,
             reuealing
             vnto
             vs
             from
             their
             motions
             ,
             the
             alteration
             and
             qualities
             of
             euery
             season
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             very
             behouefull
             for
             euery
             Husbandman
             to
             know
             the
             signes
             and
             tokens
             of
             euery
             particular
             season
             ,
             as
             when
             it
             is
             likely
             to
             
             Raine
             ,
             when
             Snow
             ,
             when
             Thunder
             ,
             when
             the
             Winds
             will
             rise
             ,
             when
             the
             Winter
             will
             rage
             ,
             &
             when
             the
             Frosts
             will
             haue
             the
             longest
             continuance
             ,
             that
             fashioning
             his
             labours
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             temperature
             or
             distemperature
             of
             the
             weather
             ,
             hee
             may
             with
             good
             iudgement
             and
             aduise
             ,
             eschew
             many
             euils
             which
             succéede
             rash
             and
             vnfore-looking
             actions
             .
          
           
             
             To
             speake
             then
             first
             of
             the
             generall
             signes
             of
             Raine
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             olde
             Husbandmen
             did
             obserue
             rules
             generall
             ,
             and
             rules
             speciall
             :
             the
             generall
             rules
             were
             such
             as
             concerned
             eyther
             all
             ,
             most
             ,
             or
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             whole
             yéere
             :
             the
             rules
             speciall
             ,
             those
             which
             concerned
             dayes
             ,
             houres
             ,
             and
             times
             present
             :
             of
             which
             I
             will
             first
             speake
             in
             this
             place
             .
          
           
             
             If
             therefore
             you
             shall
             at
             any
             time
             perceiue
             a
             Cloud
             rising
             from
             the
             lowest
             part
             of
             the
             Horizon
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             maine
             body
             be
             blacke
             and
             thicke
             ,
             and
             his
             beames
             (
             as
             it
             were
             )
             Curtaine-wise
             ,
             extending
             vpward
             ,
             and
             driuen
             before
             the
             windes
             :
             it
             is
             a
             certaine
             and
             infallible
             signe
             of
             a
             present
             showre
             of
             Raine
             ,
             yet
             but
             momentary
             and
             soone
             spent
             ,
             or
             passed
             ouer
             :
             but
             if
             the
             Cloud
             shall
             arise
             against
             the
             Winde
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             spread
             it selfe
             against
             the
             violence
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             then
             shall
             the
             Raine
             be
             of
             much
             longer
             continuance
             .
          
           
             
             If
             when
             you
             sée
             the
             new
             Moone
             appeare
             ,
             you
             perceiue
             that
             some
             part
             of
             her
             Hornes
             are
             obscured
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             be
             black
             ,
             or
             discoulored
             in
             the
             middest
             :
             if
             it
             hang
             much
             to
             the
             West
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             compast
             or
             girdled
             about
             ,
             eyther
             with
             thicke
             ,
             or
             waterish
             transparent
             vapours
             :
             if
             it
             looke
             more
             then
             ordinarily
             pale
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             shall
             beginne
             to
             raine
             small
             and
             mist-like
             on
             the
             fourth
             or
             fift
             day
             of
             her
             age
             ,
             all
             these
             are
             infallible
             signes
             of
             Raine
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             an
             assured
             signe
             that
             the
             Raine
             will
             continue
             all
             that
             quarter
             of
             the
             Moone
             following
             .
          
           
             
             If
             you
             shall
             sée
             the
             Sunne
             rise
             earely
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             and
             spread
             forth
             his
             Beames
             violently
             ,
             yet
             with
             a
             very
             moyst
             and
             waterish
             complexion
             ,
             and
             there-withall
             in
             the
             
             West
             you
             doe
             sée
             a
             bedde
             of
             thicke
             vapours
             to
             arise
             ,
             increase
             and
             ascend
             vpward
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             bee
             assured
             that
             at
             high
             noone
             ,
             when
             those
             vapours
             and
             the
             Sunne
             shall
             méet
             ,
             there
             will
             be
             raine
             ,
             and
             that
             raine
             of
             no
             short
             continuance
             :
             If
             you
             shall
             sée
             the
             Sunne
             rise
             red
             ,
             and
             turne
             sodainely
             blacke
             ,
             if
             it
             haue
             many
             red
             clouds
             about
             it
             mixt
             with
             blackenesse
             ,
             if
             it
             haue
             a
             spacious
             Circle
             about
             it
             ,
             or
             if
             when
             it
             setteth
             you
             sée
             it
             fall
             behinde
             a
             banke
             of
             darke
             and
             blacke
             Cloudes
             ,
             they
             be
             all
             most
             certaine
             and
             infallible
             signes
             of
             raine
             ,
             which
             will
             presently
             follow
             .
          
           
             If
             it
             lighten
             at
             noone
             ,
             
             or
             any
             time
             whilest
             the
             Sunne
             shineth
             ,
             eyther
             with
             Thunder
             or
             without
             thunder
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             lighten
             in
             fayre
             weather
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             lighten
             more
             then
             it
             thundereth
             ,
             all
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             raine
             which
             will
             follow
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             water-Fowle
             to
             bathe
             much
             :
             
             if
             the
             Crow
             wet
             her
             head
             at
             the
             water
             brimme
             ,
             or
             if
             shée
             wade
             into
             the
             water
             ,
             or
             if
             she
             shall
             cry
             and
             call
             much
             :
             if
             the
             Rauen
             shall
             croake
             with
             a
             hollow
             or
             sounding
             voyce
             :
             if
             the
             house-Cocke
             shall
             crow
             at
             all
             houres
             :
             if
             Pigions
             shall
             come
             home
             late
             to
             the
             Doue-house
             :
             if
             Sparrowes
             shall
             chyrpe
             and
             cry
             earely
             in
             the
             morning
             :
             if
             Bées
             flye
             not
             farre
             from
             their
             Hyues
             :
             if
             Flies
             and
             small
             Gnats
             bite
             sharpe
             and
             sore
             ,
             all
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             raine
             ,
             which
             will
             presently
             follow
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             your
             Oxen
             to
             eate
             more
             gréedily
             ,
             
             and
             with
             a
             more
             earnest
             stomacke
             then
             their
             vsuall
             custome
             :
             if
             your
             Kine
             gaze
             and
             looke
             much
             vpward
             :
             if
             Swine
             shall
             play
             and
             gambole
             vp
             and
             downe
             :
             if
             Horses
             being
             at
             grasse
             shall
             scope
             ,
             course
             ,
             and
             chase
             one
             another
             :
             or
             if
             the
             Cat
             shall
             wash
             behinde
             her
             eare
             ,
             all
             are
             certaine
             signes
             of
             raine
             to
             follow
             .
          
           
             If
             Salt
             turne
             moyst
             standing
             in
             dry
             places
             ,
             
             if
             Channels
             ,
             Uaults
             ,
             and
             common
             Sewers
             stincke
             more
             then
             vsuall
             :
             if
             Bels
             seeme
             to
             sound
             louder
             then
             they
             were
             wont
             :
             if
             the
             Tazell
             at
             any
             time
             close
             vp
             his
             pricks
             :
             if
             
             Soote
             fall
             much
             from
             the
             Chimney
             :
             If
             oyle
             shall
             sparkle
             much
             when
             it
             burneth
             ,
             or
             if
             Marble
             ,
             Pauing-stone
             ,
             or
             other
             wals
             shall
             sweat
             ,
             or
             be
             much
             moyst
             ,
             all
             are
             most
             ineuitable
             signes
             of
             rayne
             which
             will
             follow
             .
          
           
             
             If
             Raine
             ,
             when
             it
             falleth
             ,
             make
             great
             bubbles
             ,
             or
             such
             a
             noyse
             as
             is
             not
             ordinary
             :
             or
             if
             raine
             fall
             mildely
             ,
             small
             ,
             and
             mist-like
             :
             or
             if
             rayne
             fall
             in
             a
             calme
             when
             no
             winde
             stirreth
             :
             or
             if
             when
             it
             rayneth
             you
             cannot
             perceiue
             the
             Racke
             or
             Clouds
             to
             moue
             :
             if
             Pullen
             flye
             to
             their
             roust
             assoone
             as
             the
             raine
             begins
             :
             if
             the
             Raine-bow
             stretch
             towards
             the
             South
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             doe
             reflect
             and
             shée
             doole
             :
             if
             you
             shall
             sée
             one
             or
             more
             Weather-gals
             which
             are
             like
             Rainebowes
             ,
             onely
             they
             arise
             from
             the
             Horizon
             but
             a
             small
             way
             vpward
             ,
             all
             these
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             much
             raine
             that
             will
             follow
             .
          
           
             
             If
             blacke
             Clouds
             shall
             turne
             sodainely
             white
             :
             if
             about
             eyther
             the
             Sunne
             or
             Moone
             be
             pale
             ,
             and
             waterish
             Circles
             ,
             or
             that
             they
             séeme
             to
             shine
             as
             through
             a
             miste
             :
             if
             the
             Ayre
             be
             thicke
             and
             extreame
             cold
             without
             frosts
             :
             if
             with
             the
             signes
             of
             raine
             be
             mixt
             signes
             of
             cold
             also
             ,
             or
             if
             windes
             be
             nipping
             and
             extreame
             sharpe
             ,
             all
             are
             most
             certaine
             tokens
             that
             Snow
             or
             Hayle
             will
             follow
             presently
             after
             .
          
           
             
             If
             when
             the
             Sunne
             setteth
             it
             looketh
             red
             and
             fiery
             ,
             and
             that
             all
             that
             part
             of
             the
             Horizon
             looke
             red
             also
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             looke
             blewish
             ,
             or
             séeme
             greater
             then
             his
             ordinary
             proportion
             :
             If
             the
             Moone
             doe
             blush
             or
             looke
             high
             colloured
             ,
             if
             the
             Racke
             ride
             high
             ,
             and
             the
             Firmament
             be
             much
             vaulted
             :
             if
             Woods
             and
             Hils
             séeme
             to
             make
             a
             noyse
             :
             if
             the
             Stars
             séeme
             to
             shine
             brighter
             then
             vsuall
             :
             if
             it
             shall
             thunder
             in
             Winter
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             thunder
             without
             lightning
             :
             if
             Bels
             be
             heard
             farre
             off
             with
             more
             ease
             then
             accustomed
             ,
             and
             presently
             in
             the
             same
             instant
             be
             not
             heard
             at
             all
             :
             If
             Cobwebs
             flye
             much
             in
             the
             ayre
             :
             If
             Hernes
             or
             Heronsh●es
             cry
             much
             in
             their
             flying
             :
             If
             fire
             sparkle
             much
             ,
             or
             if
             wood
             or
             Wainscot
             cracke
             much
             ,
             all
             these
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             much
             winde
             that
             will
             follow
             after
             .
          
           
             
             If
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             the
             Morning
             or
             Euening
             Sunne
             ,
             
             eyther
             in
             the
             Sommer
             or
             in
             the
             Autumne
             ,
             to
             shine
             hotter
             or
             to
             scortch
             more
             then
             accustomed
             ,
             when
             the
             ayre
             is
             prest
             with
             an
             extreame
             blacke
             cloude
             ,
             or
             with
             many
             clouds
             ,
             if
             you
             perceiue
             whirlewindes
             to
             blow
             oft
             and
             violently
             :
             if
             you
             sée
             the
             Raine-bow
             shall
             appeare
             in
             the
             West
             without
             taine
             :
             if
             you
             sée
             flames
             and
             meteors
             flashing
             in
             the
             ayre
             ,
             or
             if
             the
             Porpus
             shall
             be
             séene
             in
             the
             fresh
             Riuer
             ,
             all
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             thunder
             ,
             lightnings
             and
             tempests
             ,
             which
             will
             follow
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Sun
             rise
             gray
             and
             cléere
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             
             and
             likewise
             setteth
             without
             darkenesse
             ,
             not
             loosing
             a
             minute
             in
             the
             declination
             :
             if
             the
             euening
             skye
             be
             ruddy
             and
             not
             fierie
             ,
             more
             purple
             then
             skarlet
             :
             if
             the
             Moone
             be
             cléere
             when
             it
             is
             foure
             or
             fiue
             dayes
             olde
             :
             if
             it
             lighten
             after
             Sunne-set
             without
             thunder
             :
             if
             the
             dewe
             fall
             in
             great
             abundance
             and
             in
             the
             rising
             ascend
             vp
             to
             the
             mountaines
             :
             if
             the
             North
             winde
             blow
             strong
             :
             if
             the
             Owle
             doe
             whup
             much
             and
             not
             scrytch
             :
             if
             flyes
             at
             night
             play
             much
             in
             the
             Suns
             beames
             :
             if
             Crowes
             flocke
             much
             together
             ,
             and
             cakell
             and
             talke
             :
             if
             Bats
             flye
             busily
             vp
             and
             downe
             after
             Sunne-set
             ,
             if
             you
             sée
             Cranes
             flye
             high
             ,
             and
             water-Fowle
             make
             their
             haunts
             farre
             off
             from
             the
             water
             ,
             all
             these
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             very
             faire
             weather
             which
             will
             follow
             after
             .
          
           
             If
             water-Fowle
             forsake
             the
             Water
             :
             
             if
             the
             Nightingale
             sing
             more
             then
             other
             Birds
             ,
             if
             Cranes
             flocke
             together
             ,
             if
             Géese
             fight
             for
             their
             féeding
             place
             ,
             or
             if
             Sparrowes
             call
             very
             earely
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             are
             certaine
             signes
             that
             winter
             is
             néere
             at
             hand
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             West
             winde
             blowe
             freshly
             Morning
             and
             Euening
             :
             
             if
             the
             colde
             abate
             and
             loose
             much
             of
             his
             vigor
             ,
             if
             Swallowes
             begin
             to
             come
             in
             and
             flye
             busily
             about
             ,
             if
             the
             brest-bone
             of
             the
             Mallard
             or
             Woodcocke
             looke
             white
             and
             cléere
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             are
             certaine
             signes
             that
             the
             Spring
             is
             at
             hand
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Ramme
             ride
             in
             the
             Spring
             ,
             
             and
             shew
             more
             then
             an
             vsuall
             lust
             :
             if
             the
             Spring
             haue
             beene
             very
             extraordinarily
             
             colde
             ,
             or
             if
             Mildewes
             fall
             not
             in
             the
             Woodland●
             Countryes
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             are
             certaine
             signes
             of
             a
             hot
             Summer
             to
             follow
             after
             .
          
           
             
             If
             you
             shall
             sée
             the
             Oake
             loaden
             with
             Akornes
             :
             if
             the
             brest-bone
             of
             the
             Mallard
             when
             he
             is
             kild
             looke
             red
             :
             if
             Hornets
             be
             séene
             after
             the
             end
             of
             October
             ,
             or
             if
             Cattell
             doe
             trample
             and
             tread
             the
             earth
             much
             ,
             making
             it
             myrie
             ,
             or
             like
             a
             new
             plowde
             field
             :
             any
             of
             these
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             that
             the
             Winter
             will
             be
             sharpe
             ,
             long
             ,
             and
             cruell
             .
          
           
             
             If
             there
             fall
             much
             Raine
             before
             October
             ,
             by
             meanes
             whereof
             many
             inundations
             doe
             follow
             ,
             and
             that
             such
             wet
             lye
             long
             aboue
             ground
             :
             it
             is
             a
             most
             infallible
             token
             that
             the
             yéere
             will
             be
             very
             forward
             :
             but
             if
             the
             wet
             doe
             fall
             after
             October
             then
             it
             is
             a
             signe
             that
             the
             yéere
             will
             be
             indifferent
             ,
             but
             and
             if
             the
             wet
             fall
             after
             Nouember
             ,
             then
             it
             is
             held
             for
             most
             certaine
             that
             the
             yéere
             will
             fall
             out
             very
             slacke
             and
             backeward
             .
          
           
             
             If
             the
             Oke
             Apples
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             opened
             ,
             bréed
             flyes
             ,
             or
             if
             Haruest
             be
             seasonable
             ,
             and
             the
             Spring
             warme
             :
             if
             Snow
             fall
             in
             February
             :
             if
             Broome
             put
             forth
             great
             store
             of
             Flowers
             :
             if
             the
             Walnut-trée
             haue
             more
             blossoms
             then
             leaues
             :
             if
             the
             flower
             of
             the
             Sea-Onion
             wither
             not
             quickly
             ,
             or
             if
             the
             Spring
             be
             preserued
             from
             frosts
             and
             blasting
             ,
             then
             any
             of
             these
             are
             certaine
             signes
             that
             the
             yéere
             will
             proue
             passing
             good
             and
             fruitfull
             :
             but
             if
             the
             Oake
             Apple
             bréede
             instéed
             of
             a
             Flye
             a
             Spyder
             :
             if
             Comets
             or
             Meteors
             oppresse
             the
             Ayre
             :
             if
             the
             Sommer
             fall
             out
             vnnaturally
             moyst
             :
             if
             the
             dewes
             when
             they
             fall
             at
             the
             rising
             of
             the
             Sunne
             descend
             to
             the
             Riuers
             :
             if
             frosts
             come
             in
             vnseasonable
             times
             :
             if
             wood-Birds
             flye
             to
             the
             plaines
             ,
             and
             refuse
             couert
             :
             if
             the
             Sunne
             haue
             his
             whole
             body
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             thrée
             parts
             Ecclipsed
             :
             when
             Corne
             beginneth
             to
             bloome
             ,
             and
             is
             not
             fully
             Kirneld
             ,
             then
             any
             of
             these
             be
             most
             certaine
             signes
             that
             the
             yéere
             will
             proue
             bad
             ,
             barrayne
             ,
             &
             fruitlesse
             .
          
           
             
             Againe
             ,
             if
             Christmas
             day
             shall
             fall
             vpon
             the
             Sunday
             ,
             the
             yéere
             shall
             be
             good
             ,
             seasonable
             and
             abounding
             with
             all
             store
             and
             plenty
             :
             if
             it
             fall
             vpon
             Munday
             the
             yéere
             shall
             
             be
             reasonable
             temperate
             and
             fruitfull
             ,
             onely
             something
             subiect
             to
             inundation
             of
             waters
             ,
             losse
             by
             shipwracke
             ,
             and
             some
             mortality
             of
             people
             ,
             especially
             women
             in
             childbearing
             :
             if
             it
             fall
             vpon
             Tuesday
             ,
             the
             yéere
             will
             proue
             very
             barraine
             and
             vnfruitfull
             ,
             much
             dearth
             will
             raigne
             ,
             and
             amongst
             people
             great
             plague
             and
             mortallitie
             :
             if
             it
             fall
             vpon
             Wednesday
             ,
             the
             yéere
             shall
             be
             reasonably
             seasonable
             ,
             though
             a
             little
             inconstant
             :
             there
             shall
             be
             plenty
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             onely
             much
             sickenesse
             ,
             and
             great
             likelyhood
             of
             warres
             :
             if
             it
             fall
             vpon
             the
             Thursday
             ,
             the
             yéere
             shall
             be
             generally
             very
             temperate
             and
             wholesome
             ,
             onely
             the
             Sommer
             subiect
             to
             moistnesse
             ,
             much
             deuision
             is
             like
             to
             fall
             amongst
             the
             Clergie
             ,
             and
             women
             shall
             be
             giuen
             to
             more
             laciuiousnesse
             then
             at
             other
             seasons
             :
             if
             it
             fall
             on
             the
             Friday
             ,
             the
             yéere
             shall
             be
             barraine
             and
             vnwholesome
             ,
             for
             sickenesse
             shall
             rage
             with
             great
             violence
             ,
             much
             mortallitie
             shall
             fall
             amongst
             yong
             Children
             ,
             and
             both
             Corne
             and
             Cattell
             shall
             be
             scarce
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             déere
             reckoning
             :
             if
             it
             fall
             on
             the
             Saturday
             ,
             the
             yéere
             shall
             be
             reasonably
             good
             and
             plentifull
             ,
             onely
             the
             people
             of
             the
             world
             shall
             be
             excéeding
             peruerse
             ,
             &
             much
             giuen
             to
             mutinie
             &
             dissention
             one
             against
             another
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             if
             the
             Sunne
             rise
             without
             impediment
             ,
             
             and
             shine
             bright
             and
             cléere
             vpon
             Christmas
             day
             ,
             the
             yéere
             will
             be
             very
             plentifull
             :
             if
             it
             rise
             likewise
             cléere
             the
             second
             day
             in
             Christmas
             ,
             then
             Corne
             will
             fall
             in
             price
             :
             if
             it
             rise
             cléere
             the
             third
             day
             in
             Christmas
             ,
             there
             will
             onely
             be
             dissention
             in
             the
             Church
             :
             if
             on
             the
             fourth
             day
             ,
             it
             foreshewes
             trouble
             vnto
             yong
             persons
             :
             if
             on
             the
             fift
             day
             ,
             it
             shewes
             that
             many
             good
             things
             will
             increase
             :
             if
             on
             the
             sixt
             ,
             doubtlesse
             euery
             Garden
             will
             bring
             forth
             great
             plenty
             :
             if
             on
             the
             seauenth
             ,
             then
             is
             much
             dearth
             and
             scarcitie
             to
             be
             feared
             :
             if
             it
             shine
             cléere
             on
             the
             eyght
             day
             in
             Christmas
             ,
             then
             there
             is
             likely
             to
             be
             great
             store
             of
             Fish
             :
             if
             on
             the
             ninch
             ,
             it
             will
             doubtles
             proue
             a
             good
             yéere
             for
             all
             manner
             of
             Cattell
             :
             if
             on
             the
             tenth
             ,
             the
             yéere
             is
             likely
             to
             yéeld
             much
             cause
             of
             mourning
             :
             if
             on
             the
             eleauenth
             ,
             there
             will
             fall
             much
             fogges
             ,
             thicke
             mistes
             ,
             and
             great
             infection
             will
             follow
             after
             .
             
             Lastly
             ,
             if
             the
             Sunne
             shine
             cléere
             the
             twelfth
             day
             after
             Christmas
             ,
             it
             fore-shewes
             much
             warre
             and
             troubles
             ,
             with
             great
             losse
             and
             bloudshed
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             according
             to
             these
             former
             obseruations
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             
             that
             what
             weather
             shall
             fall
             or
             be
             on
             the
             sixe
             and
             twentieth
             day
             of
             December
             ,
             the
             like
             weather
             shall
             be
             all
             the
             moneth
             of
             Ianuary
             after
             ,
             what
             shall
             be
             on
             the
             seauen
             and
             twentieth
             of
             December
             ,
             the
             like
             shall
             be
             all
             the
             moneth
             of
             February
             following
             :
             what
             weather
             shall
             be
             on
             the
             eight
             and
             twentieth
             day
             of
             December
             ,
             the
             like
             weather
             shall
             be
             all
             March
             following
             :
             what
             weather
             shall
             be
             the
             nine
             and
             twentieth
             day
             of
             December
             ,
             the
             same
             shall
             be
             all
             Aprill
             after
             :
             what
             on
             the
             thirtieth
             ,
             the
             same
             all
             May
             :
             what
             on
             the
             one
             and
             thirtieth
             the
             like
             all
             Iune
             following
             :
             what
             weather
             shall
             fall
             on
             the
             first
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             the
             same
             shall
             be
             all
             Iuly
             after
             :
             what
             on
             the
             second
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             the
             same
             all
             August
             after
             :
             what
             on
             the
             third
             ,
             the
             same
             all
             September
             after
             :
             what
             on
             the
             fourth
             ,
             the
             same
             all
             October
             following
             :
             what
             on
             the
             fift
             ,
             the
             same
             all
             Nouember
             after
             ,
             and
             what
             weather
             shall
             fall
             on
             the
             sixt
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             which
             is
             Twelft-day
             ,
             the
             same
             weather
             shall
             fall
             all
             December
             following
             .
          
           
             
             Againe
             ,
             if
             Saint
             Pauls
             day
             proue
             fayre
             ,
             dry
             and
             bright
             ,
             it
             foresheweth
             plenty
             of
             all
             things
             the
             yéere
             following
             :
             but
             if
             it
             be
             misty
             then
             it
             shewes
             great
             dearth
             of
             Cattell
             .
             If
             there
             fall
             vpon
             that
             day
             Snow
             or
             Raine
             ,
             then
             it
             shewes
             Famine
             and
             Want
             of
             Corne
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             be
             windy
             ,
             tempestuous
             ,
             or
             if
             it
             thunder
             ,
             then
             it
             sheweth
             that
             great
             warres
             will
             follow
             .
          
           
             
             Againe
             ,
             looke
             what
             quantitie
             of
             raine
             falleth
             eyther
             on
             
               Mary
               Maudlins
            
             day
             ,
             or
             on
             Saint
             Swithens
             day
             ,
             be
             it
             more
             or
             lesse
             ,
             the
             same
             proportion
             will
             fall
             for
             the
             space
             of
             forty
             dayes
             after
             :
             but
             if
             these
             two
             dayes
             be
             fayre
             and
             dry
             all
             the
             time
             of
             Haruest
             will
             be
             so
             also
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             if
             you
             will
             know
             whether
             Corne
             shall
             be
             cheape
             or
             déere
             ,
             take
             twelue
             principall
             graynes
             of
             Wheate
             out
             of
             the
             strength
             of
             the
             eare
             ,
             vpon
             the
             first
             day
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             
             and
             when
             the
             harth
             of
             your
             Chimney
             is
             most
             hot
             ,
             swéepe
             it
             cleane
             ,
             then
             make
             a
             stranger
             lay
             one
             of
             those
             Graynes
             on
             the
             hot
             hearth
             ,
             then
             marke
             it
             well
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             leape
             a
             little
             ,
             Corne
             shall
             be
             reasonably
             cheape
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             leape
             much
             then
             Corne
             shall
             be
             excéeding
             cheape
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             lye
             still
             and
             mo●e
             not
             ,
             then
             the
             price
             of
             Corne
             shall
             stand
             ,
             and
             continue
             still
             for
             that
             Moneth
             :
             and
             thus
             you
             shall
             vse
             your
             twelue
             Graines
             ,
             the
             first
             day
             of
             euery
             Moneth
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             euery
             Moneth
             one
             Graine
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             know
             the
             rising
             and
             falling
             of
             Corne
             in
             euery
             Moneth
             ,
             all
             the
             yéere
             following
             .
          
           
             If
             it
             shall
             thunder
             much
             the
             first
             Sunday
             of
             the
             New-yéere
             ,
             
             it
             shewes
             great
             death
             and
             mortallitie
             amongst
             learned
             men
             :
             if
             it
             thunder
             the
             first
             Munday
             ,
             it
             shewes
             great
             death
             of
             women
             ,
             and
             many
             Eclipses
             of
             the
             Sunne
             :
             if
             it
             thunder
             on
             the
             first
             Tuesday
             ,
             it
             shewes
             plenty
             of
             Corne
             ,
             but
             much
             Warre
             and
             dissention
             :
             if
             it
             thunder
             on
             the
             first
             Wednesday
             ,
             it
             shewes
             mortallitie
             and
             death
             amongst
             the
             worst
             sort
             of
             people
             ,
             both
             Male
             and
             Female
             ,
             besides
             much
             Warre
             and
             bloudshed
             :
             if
             it
             thunder
             on
             the
             first
             Thursday
             in
             the
             New-yéere
             ,
             it
             sheweth
             much
             plenty
             of
             Corne
             that
             will
             follow
             :
             if
             it
             thunder
             on
             the
             first
             Friday
             ,
             it
             betokeneth
             the
             losse
             of
             great
             personages
             ,
             and
             men
             of
             authoritie
             ,
             many
             affrayes
             and
             murthers
             ,
             with
             much
             perill
             and
             danger
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             if
             it
             thunder
             vpon
             the
             first
             Saturday
             in
             the
             New-yéere
             ,
             it
             foresheweth
             onely
             a
             generall
             plague
             and
             infection
             ,
             which
             shall
             raigne
             with
             strong
             violence
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             the
             Summer
             and
             Spring
             time
             to
             fall
             out
             very
             moyst
             and
             rainy
             ,
             
             without
             winde
             ,
             yet
             in
             their
             owne
             natures
             very
             hot
             &
             scortching
             ,
             or
             if
             the
             Southerne
             or
             Southwest-winde
             blow
             much
             without
             raine
             :
             if
             many
             fogs
             and
             mists
             fall
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             and
             ouercome
             the
             Sunnes
             beames
             at
             noone
             also
             :
             if
             the
             Sunne
             suffer
             any
             large
             Eclipse
             :
             if
             Autumne
             and
             Winter
             be
             more
             foggy
             then
             moyst
             or
             cold
             :
             if
             the
             Dowe
             or
             Leauen
             ,
             of
             which
             you
             mould
             your
             bread
             ,
             doe
             quickely
             mould
             and
             cleaue
             together
             without
             labour
             :
             if
             Dogs
             runne
             madde
             ,
             if
             Birds
             
             forsake
             their
             nests
             :
             if
             Shéepe
             r●t
             :
             if
             Fennes
             ,
             〈◊〉
             grounds
             ,
             and
             muddy
             places
             abound
             with
             Frogges
             :
             if
             Mud-wals
             bréede
             Swine
             lice
             or
             Sowes
             :
             if
             Moales
             forsake
             the
             earth
             :
             if
             the
             small
             Pocks
             or
             Meazels
             be
             ri●e
             and
             abound
             in
             the
             Spring
             time
             ,
             or
             if
             women
             generally
             〈◊〉
             miscarry
             in
             childe-bedde
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             are
             most
             certaine
             signes
             of
             much
             sickenesse
             and
             mortallitie
             that
             will
             follow
             the
             yéere
             after
             :
             and
             all
             such
             signes
             as
             are
             directly
             contrarie
             to
             any
             of
             these
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Summer
             and
             Spring
             doe
             fall
             out
             drye
             and
             windy
             :
             if
             the
             South
             or
             Southwest
             winde
             bring
             with
             it
             euer
             rayne
             :
             if
             no
             fogs
             or
             mists
             oppresse
             the
             ayre
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             of
             all
             the
             rest
             which
             are
             before
             shewed
             ,
             are
             most
             certaine
             and
             infallible
             tokens
             of
             a
             very
             wholesome
             and
             healthfull
             yéere
             ,
             which
             will
             euer
             follow
             after
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             your
             health
             ,
             and
             to
             preuent
             all
             such
             sickenesses
             as
             are
             incident
             to
             follow
             in
             these
             casuall
             and
             daungerous
             yéeres
             :
             through
             euery
             seuerall
             moneth
             in
             the
             yéere
             you
             shall
             obserue
             these
             few
             precepts
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             in
             the
             month
             of
             Ianuary
             you
             shall
             forbeare
             to
             let
             bloud
             ,
             vnlesse
             vpon
             violent
             extreamitie
             ,
             &
             that
             the
             sig●●
             be
             excéeding
             good
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             you
             shall
             drinke
             white
             wine
             in
             the
             morning
             fasting
             ,
             &
             rub
             your
             head
             with
             a
             course
             Towell
             very
             hard
             ,
             but
             yet
             cleane
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             most
             wholesom
             friction
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             February
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             let
             bloud
             for
             wantonnesse
             ,
             but
             néede
             :
             you
             shall
             forbeare
             Hearbe-pottage
             ,
             for
             at
             that
             time
             onely
             they
             are
             least
             wholesome
             :
             you
             shall
             kéepe
             the
             soles
             of
             your
             féete
             from
             wet
             ,
             and
             vse
             euery
             morning
             your
             former
             friction
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             March
             ,
             the
             signe
             being
             good
             ,
             you
             may
             let
             bloud
             according
             to
             your
             youth
             ,
             strength
             ,
             and
             necessitie
             :
             you
             may
             take
             hot
             and
             swéet
             meats
             and
             drinkes
             ,
             especially
             Almonds
             ,
             Figs
             &
             Reyzins
             ,
             &
             vse
             also
             your
             former
             friction
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             Aprill
             ,
             you
             may
             bléed
             as
             in
             the
             month
             of
             March
             :
             in
             it
             also
             you
             may
             purge
             ,
             by
             the
             order
             of
             a
             learned
             directer
             :
             let
             your
             dyet
             be
             hot
             and
             fresh
             meats
             ,
             and
             your
             drinke
             temperate
             :
             also
             in
             this
             moneth
             your
             former
             friction
             is
             excéeding
             wholesome
             .
          
           
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             May
             be
             no
             sluggard
             ,
             for
             the
             bed
             is
             vnwholesome
             ,
             cléerified
             Way
             is
             this
             moneth
             a
             most
             soueraigne
             drinke
             ,
             and
             Sage
             with
             swéet
             Butter
             is
             a
             most
             excellent
             breakefast
             :
             yong
             Lettuce
             is
             an
             approued
             good
             Sallet
             ,
             and
             the
             inthrals
             or
             offall
             of
             Beasts
             would
             by
             all
             meanes
             be
             refused
             ,
             it
             is
             also
             good
             to
             let
             bloud
             in
             this
             month
             onely
             for
             necessitie
             ,
             and
             not
             for
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             beware
             by
             all
             means
             ,
             not
             to
             go
             weishooed
             in
             the
             dew
             in
             the
             morning
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             Iune
             obserue
             the
             dyet
             of
             May
             ,
             or
             if
             you
             be
             of
             youthfull
             bloud
             it
             is
             not
             amisse
             if
             it
             be
             a
             little
             cooler
             ,
             and
             for
             bléeding
             let
             it
             be
             for
             vrgent
             necessitie
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             Iuly
             eschew
             all
             wanton
             bed-sport
             :
             and
             if
             each
             morning
             you
             take
             a
             draught
             of
             clarified
             Butter-Milke
             it
             is
             very
             wholesome
             :
             vse
             coole
             Iulyps
             ,
             and
             meats
             that
             are
             fresh
             ,
             and
             not
             stirring
             :
             now
             forbeare
             Lettice
             ,
             and
             bléede
             not
             ,
             except
             it
             be
             in
             cause
             of
             great
             extreamitie
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             August
             forbeare
             all
             manner
             of
             Worts
             ,
             and
             Cabadges
             ,
             and
             generally
             all
             meats
             and
             Spices
             which
             are
             hot
             and
             inflaming
             :
             but
             by
             any
             meanes
             bléed
             not
             at
             all
             ,
             except
             by
             the
             direction
             of
             most
             approued
             learning
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             month
             of
             September
             you
             may
             eate
             any
             sort
             of
             ripe
             Fruits
             :
             you
             may
             bathe
             in
             hot
             bathes
             ,
             for
             colde
             causes
             ,
             at
             your
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             you
             may
             let
             bloud
             according
             to
             your
             necessitie
             :
             those
             foods
             are
             best
             which
             are
             of
             lightest
             disgestion
             ,
             and
             those
             drinkes
             most
             wholesome
             which
             are
             rather
             strong
             then
             scouring
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             moneth
             of
             October
             ,
             spare
             not
             any
             bloud
             ,
             except
             great
             extreamitie
             compell
             you
             ,
             and
             for
             your
             dyet
             ,
             let
             it
             be
             of
             such
             foods
             as
             are
             most
             strong
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             and
             your
             drinke
             Béere
             or
             Ale
             ,
             of
             indifferent
             strength
             ,
             and
             now
             and
             then
             at
             the
             midst
             ,
             and
             end
             of
             meales
             ,
             a
             draught
             or
             two
             of
             such
             Wines
             as
             are
             pleasant
             ,
             strong
             ,
             and
             wholesome
             :
             Sallets
             of
             Flowers
             ,
             preserued
             in
             Uinegar
             &
             Sugar
             ,
             as
             either
             Uiolets
             ,
             Broome-flowers
             ,
             or
             Gelly-flowers
             of
             all
             kindes
             ,
             or
             Sampyre
             ,
             Purslan
             ,
             or
             Beane-●ods
             ,
             preserued
             in
             pickell
             ,
             are
             of
             excellent
             vse
             ,
             both
             in
             this
             moneth
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             two
             which
             follow
             .
          
           
           
             In
             the
             Moneth
             of
             Nouember
             open
             also
             no
             vaine
             ,
             but
             for
             great
             néed
             ,
             because
             the
             blood
             is
             then
             gathered
             together
             into
             the
             principall
             vessels
             :
             Bathing
             in
             this
             Moneth
             is
             vtterly
             to
             be
             refused
             ,
             onely
             let
             your
             body
             be
             kept
             warme
             ,
             and
             euery
             colde
             humour
             or
             obstruction
             ,
             rather
             dissolued
             by
             moderate
             frictions
             ,
             as
             is
             shewed
             in
             the
             moneth
             of
             Ianuary
             and
             February
             ,
             then
             by
             the
             violence
             of
             any
             other
             inward
             medicine
             .
             Shell-Fish
             in
             this
             moneth
             is
             very
             wholesome
             ,
             and
             so
             are
             all
             other
             sorts
             of
             Fish
             ,
             which
             are
             not
             too
             rawe
             or
             slymie
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Moneth
             of
             December
             blood-letting
             should
             be
             also
             forborne
             ,
             except
             vpon
             some
             especiall
             dayes
             ,
             as
             after
             the
             fiue
             and
             twentieth
             day
             at
             the
             soonest
             :
             and
             for
             your
             diet
             let
             it
             be
             meate
             which
             is
             hot
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             but
             by
             no
             meanes
             that
             which
             bréedeth
             melancholie
             bloud
             .
             Use
             strong
             Wine
             and
             sharpe
             Sauces
             :
             as
             for
             the
             warmth
             of
             your
             body
             ,
             next
             vnto
             good
             cloathing
             ,
             let
             it
             euer
             procéed
             from
             exercise
             that
             is
             moderate
             ,
             then
             from
             toasting
             ,
             or
             broiling
             your selfe
             against
             the
             fire
             ,
             for
             in
             this
             Month
             that
             body
             can
             hardly
             be
             sound
             whose
             shinnes
             are
             made
             pyde
             and
             motley
             with
             the
             fiers
             scorthcing
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             experience
             of
             the
             English
             Husbandman
             in
             these
             fore-knowledges
             ,
             and
             ayming
             after
             the
             times
             to
             come
             ,
             being
             drawne
             from
             the
             obseruations
             and
             rules
             left
             vs
             by
             succession
             of
             times
             of
             those
             learned
             Fathers
             ,
             and
             other
             best
             knowne
             and
             approued
             in
             these
             knowledges
             :
             yet
             I
             doe
             not
             binde-euery
             Husbandman
             to
             make
             as
             it
             were
             new
             Créeds
             of
             these
             Principles
             ,
             but
             onely
             to
             giue
             them
             to
             his
             memory
             ,
             as
             things
             that
             will
             neither
             oppresse
             nor
             hurt
             it
             ,
             and
             if
             in
             any
             seldome-séene
             particularitie
             ,
             any
             shall
             vary
             from
             the
             purpose
             of
             the
             relation
             ,
             to
             remember
             that
             there
             is
             aboue
             vs
             a
             God
             of
             all
             Truth
             and
             Knowledge
             ,
             who
             will
             dispose
             and
             gouerne
             all
             things
             ,
             according
             to
             his
             good
             Will
             and
             Pleasure
             :
             to
             which
             let
             euery
             Creature
             submit
             ,
             in
             as
             much
             as
             hee
             onely
             knoweth
             what
             is
             for
             mankinde
             most
             best
             and
             most
             conuenient
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             The
             choyce
             of
             ground
             for
             the
             Kitchin-garden
             ,
             and
             the
             ordering
             thereof
             .
          
           
             A
             Promise
             honest
             and
             profitable
             ,
             being
             seriously
             made
             ,
             I
             holde
             a
             sinne
             capitall
             to
             neglect
             ,
             especially
             where
             the
             goodnesse
             stretcheth
             it selfe
             ouer
             a
             whole
             Kingdome
             :
             and
             hence
             I
             haue
             assumed
             to
             perfect
             both
             my
             promise
             and
             my
             labour
             in
             building
             vp
             that
             weake
             foundation
             which
             I
             formerly
             laid
             ,
             of
             the
             English
             Husbandman
             :
             wherein
             ,
             contrary
             to
             all
             other
             Authors
             ,
             I
             am
             neither
             beholden
             to
             
               Pliny
               ,
               Virgil
               ,
               Columella
               ,
               Varo
               ,
               Rutillius
               ,
               Libault
               ,
            
             nor
             any
             other
             Forrainer
             ,
             but
             onely
             to
             our
             owne
             best
             experienst
             Countreymen
             ,
             whose
             daily
             knowledge
             hath
             made
             them
             most
             perfect
             in
             their
             professions
             :
             and
             what
             better
             instruction
             can
             be
             had
             then
             that
             which
             we
             receiue
             from
             the
             professors
             ,
             being
             men
             of
             our
             owne
             neighbourhood
             ,
             acquainted
             with
             our
             Climate
             and
             Soile
             ,
             and
             the
             necessary
             things
             agréeing
             with
             the
             bett●ring
             of
             the
             same
             ?
             and
             not
             resort
             ,
             as
             our
             Translators
             haue
             done
             ,
             to
             strangers
             helpe
             ,
             who
             tels
             you
             that
             you
             must
             meanure
             your
             ground
             with
             Asses
             dung
             ,
             when
             our
             Kingdome
             hath
             not
             so
             many
             foure-footed
             Asses
             as
             wil
             meanure
             one
             Acre
             ,
             and
             many
             such
             like
             things
             which
             our
             Kingdome
             affordeth
             not
             :
             therefore
             according
             to
             the
             plaine
             true
             English
             fashion
             ,
             thus
             I
             pursue
             my
             purpose
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             choyse
             of
             Ground
             ,
             
             I
             haue
             in
             the
             former
             part
             of
             this
             Booke
             shewed
             you
             the
             true
             nature
             and
             goodnesse
             of
             euery
             seuerall
             Soyle
             :
             and
             you
             are
             to
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             best
             Soyle
             is
             best
             for
             this
             purpose
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             least
             laborsome
             ,
             and
             most
             profitable
             :
             yet
             notwithstanding
             that
             some
             of
             our
             translated
             Authors
             doth
             vtterly
             disalow
             for
             Gardens
             many
             Soyles
             ,
             as
             namely
             ,
             all
             Sands
             ,
             all
             Chawkie
             earths
             ,
             all
             Grauell
             ,
             all
             Earths
             like
             dust
             ,
             and
             any
             Earth
             which
             chappeth
             or
             openeth
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             
             Summer
             ,
             by
             that
             meanes
             depriuing
             almost
             halfe
             our
             kingdome
             of
             the
             benefit
             of
             Gardens
             ,
             yet
             I
             assure
             you
             there
             is
             no
             Soyle
             whatsoeuer
             (
             if
             it
             lye
             from
             the
             inundation
             of
             water
             ,
             or
             be
             not
             absolutely
             boggy
             )
             but
             with
             industry
             will
             beare
             any
             Fruit
             ,
             Hearbe
             ,
             or
             Flower
             ,
             plentifully
             ,
             and
             without
             any
             casualtie
             procéeding
             from
             the
             〈◊〉
             therof
             :
             witnes
             a
             most
             worthy
             Garden
             in
             the
             barren
             Peake
             of
             Darbyshire
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             no
             curious
             Trée
             or
             Plant
             wanting
             ,
             nor
             doe
             they
             flourish
             in
             any
             place
             more
             bra●●ly
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             ,
             I
             write
             generally
             to
             all
             Husbandmen
             ,
             not
             to
             those
             onely
             which
             liue
             in
             fertile
             and
             fat
             Soyles
             ,
             and
             therefore
             I
             would
             haue
             no
             man
             say
             ,
             the
             Soyle
             where
             I
             liue
             is
             so
             barraine
             ,
             that
             I
             cannot
             haue
             a
             Garden
             :
             for
             if
             the
             Soyle
             wherein
             you
             liue
             ,
             be
             barraine
             ,
             
             then
             shall
             you
             in
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             September
             breake
             vp
             your
             earth
             more
             then
             a
             Spade-graft
             déepe
             ,
             and
             be
             well
             assured
             that
             at
             euery
             Spade-graft
             you
             breake
             the
             moul●
             well
             ,
             and
             leaue
             not
             the
             rootes
             of
             any
             wéeds
             within
             it
             ,
             th●●
             let
             it
             rest
             till
             the
             midst
             of
             October
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             if
             ●●y
             wéeds
             appeare
             vpon
             it
             ,
             by
             all
             meanes
             let
             them
             be
             pl●ckt
             vp
             by
             the
             roots
             ;
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             trench
             your
             ground
             at
             least
             a
             yarde
             and
             a
             halfe
             déepe
             ,
             and
             then
             bury
             in
             those
             trenches
             ,
             
             if
             it
             be
             a
             Sand
             or
             grauell
             earth
             ,
             great
             ●tore
             o●
             Oxe
             or
             Cow
             meanure
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             a
             colde
             Chalkie
             Clay
             ,
             or
             a
             moyst
             ground
             ,
             then
             great
             store
             of
             Horse
             meanure
             ,
             of
             both
             which
             meanures
             the
             oldest
             and
             rottenest
             is
             the
             best
             :
             but
             if
             you
             liue
             in
             such
             a
             Soyle
             as
             there
             is
             neyther
             of
             these
             meanures
             bred
             therein
             ,
             then
             take
             straw
             of
             any
             kinde
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             spread
             it
             in
             the
             high-way
             where
             there
             is
             much
             trauell
             ,
             &
             when
             it
             is
             rotten
             with
             the
             beating
             of
             Horse
             féet
             ,
             then
             cause
             it
             to
             be
             shoueld
             vp
             ,
             &
             with
             it
             fill
             your
             trenches
             ,
             but
             if
             Straw
             be
             wanting
             ,
             then
             if
             you
             haue
             any
             muddy
             ditches
             or
             ponds
             ,
             scowre
             the
             mud
             out
             of
             them
             ,
             &
             with
             it
             fill
             vp
             your
             trenches
             :
             &
             although
             these
             are
             not
             so
             long
             lasting
             as
             the
             two
             first
             sorts
             of
             meanures
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             sufficient
             to
             bring
             forth
             increase
             ,
             &
             must
             supply
             where
             necessity
             inforceth
             ,
             alwayes
             hauing
             discretion
             when
             you
             sée
             your
             ground
             
             abate
             in
             fruitfulnes
             ,
             to
             replenish
             it
             with
             fresh
             meanure
             .
          
           
             Now
             as
             you
             fill
             your
             trenches
             with
             meanure
             ,
             let
             one
             mixe
             the
             earth
             therewithall
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             blend
             and
             incorporate
             them
             together
             :
             thus
             hauing
             gone
             ouer
             so
             much
             ground
             as
             you
             intend
             to
             plant
             or
             sowe
             vpon
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             it
             rest
             till
             the
             midst
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             you
             shall
             breake
             it
             vp
             in
             trenches
             againe
             ,
             but
             not
             aboue
             thrée
             quarters
             of
             a
             yarde
             déepe
             ,
             and
             then
             fill
             vp
             those
             trenches
             with
             meanure
             as
             before
             ,
             and
             lay
             your
             earth
             as
             leuell
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             &
             so
             let
             it
             rest
             till
             the
             beginning
             of
             March
             (
             if
             the
             weather
             be
             seasonable
             for
             sowing
             or
             planting
             )
             otherwise
             let
             it
             stay
             till
             mid-March
             ,
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             the
             Moone
             is
             changed
             you
             shall
             then
             dig
             it
             vp
             the
             fourth
             time
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             fit
             to
             receyue
             your
             séede
             ,
             but
             in
             this
             fourth
             time
             of
             turning
             ouer
             your
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             dig
             it
             but
             a
             little
             better
             then
             a
             Spade-graft
             depth
             ,
             and
             euer
             as
             you
             dig
             it
             ,
             mixe
             it
             with
             fresh
             meanure
             :
             if
             your
             ground
             be
             subiect
             to
             much
             chapping
             or
             rining
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             at
             this
             last
             digging
             mixe
             the
             earth
             with
             ashes
             and
             Horse
             meanure
             mixt
             together
             ,
             which
             will
             binde
             and
             holde
             the
             earth
             from
             chapping
             .
          
           
             After
             you
             haue
             digd
             your
             ground
             in
             this
             order
             ,
             
             and
             made
             it
             leuell
             ,
             you
             shal
             with
             an
             Iron
             Rake
             breake
             the
             great
             clods
             of
             earth
             ,
             and
             bring
             it
             to
             as
             fine
             a
             mould
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             euer
             obseruing
             that
             if
             in
             the
             breaking
             of
             the
             clods
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             you
             perceiue
             the
             roots
             or
             stalks
             of
             any
             wéeds
             to
             arise
             ,
             you
             shall
             presently
             with
             your
             hand
             pull
             them
             out
             ,
             and
             cast
             them
             on
             heaps
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             serue
             eyther
             for
             the
             fire
             or
             the
             dunghill
             :
             
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             tread
             out
             your
             beds
             in
             such
             orderly
             sort
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             passe
             from
             one
             to
             the
             other
             without
             eyther
             treading
             vpon
             the
             beds
             ,
             or
             striding
             ouer
             them
             :
             &
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             barraine
             &
             sterrill
             ground
             ,
             which
             although
             all
             ancient
             &
             late
             writers
             reiect
             ,
             as
             not
             worthy
             to
             be
             imployed
             to
             this
             vse
             ,
             yet
             beléeue
             it
             ,
             being
             husbanded
             as
             is
             said
             before
             ,
             it
             will
             equall
             in
             fruitfulnes
             the
             best
             ground
             .
          
           
             Touching
             your
             rich
             and
             perfect
             grounds
             ,
             
             which
             of
             themselues
             are
             apt
             to
             put
             forth
             with
             little
             labour
             ,
             you
             shall
             onely
             at
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             September
             breake
             vp
             the
             
             Earth
             ,
             and
             making
             greater
             Trenches
             ,
             〈…〉
             with
             Oxe
             meanure
             ,
             and
             then
             turning
             the
             Earth
             ●pon
             the
             meanure
             ,
             leuell
             your
             ground
             very
             carefully
             ,
             br●●ke
             the
             clots
             and
             rake
             it
             very
             painefully
             ,
             and
             their
             trende
             ●ut
             〈◊〉
             beds
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             sayd
             ,
             artificially
             :
             but
             if
             the
             ground
             which
             you
             breake
             vp
             ,
             be
             eyther
             gréene-swarth
             ,
             or
             much
             ouergrowne
             with
             wéeds
             (
             as
             these
             rich
             soyles
             must
             euer
             be
             the
             one
             or
             the
             other
             )
             (
             for
             they
             will
             not
             be
             idle
             ,
             but
             continually
             bringing
             forth
             )
             then
             at
             this
             first
             digging
             and
             dunging
             you
             shall
             haue
             diuers
             which
             shall
             follow
             the
             Spade
             ,
             who
             shall
             take
             away
             all
             manner
             of
             roots
             ,
             gréenes
             ,
             grasse-●ults
             ,
             stones
             ,
             or
             whatsoeuer
             may
             bréede
             anoyance
             to
             the
             ground
             :
             which
             worke
             being
             perfected
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             the
             ground
             ●est
             all
             winter
             till
             the
             beginning
             of
             March
             ,
             that
             the
             frost
             may
             mellow
             and
             ripen
             the
             mould
             ,
             and
             also
             kill
             the
             roots
             of
             such
             wéeds
             as
             the
             Spade
             hath
             turned
             vp
             ,
             and
             haue
             béene
             omitted
             to
             be
             pulled
             away
             .
          
           
             Now
             so
             soone
             as
             March
             is
             come
             ,
             vpon
             the
             first
             change
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             you
             shall
             digge
             vp
             this
             Earth
             again●
             ,
             leuell
             it
             ,
             and
             order
             it
             in
             all
             points
             as
             was
             sayd
             of
             the
             barraine
             Earth
             ,
             onely
             there
             will
             néede
             no
             more
             vse
             of
             meanure
             ,
             but
             as
             soone
             as
             it
             is
             digged
             ,
             raked
             ,
             leuelled
             ,
             and
             brought
             into
             a
             fine
             mould
             ,
             you
             may
             then
             tread
             out
             your
             Beds
             ,
             as
             aforesayd
             ,
             euer
             proportioning
             the
             quantitie
             of
             them
             according
             to
             the
             quantitie
             of
             your
             séedes
             ,
             hauing
             the
             most
             of
             that
             which
             is
             most
             in
             vse
             ,
             and
             the
             least
             of
             the
             contrary
             .
          
           
             Now
             as
             touching
             the
             fencing
             and
             inclosing
             of
             your
             Garden
             ,
             I
             haue
             in
             the
             former
             Booke
             shewed
             you
             the
             same
             at
             large
             ,
             and
             giuen
             seuerall
             instructions
             ,
             according
             to
             mens
             seuerall
             abilities
             ,
             with
             this
             caution
             ,
             that
             whether
             your
             fence
             be
             wall
             ,
             pale
             ,
             dead-hedge
             ,
             ditch
             ,
             or
             quick●et
             ,
             yet
             it
             must
             be
             so
             high
             that
             it
             may
             with
             assurance
             kéepe
             all
             manner
             of
             Pullen
             from
             flying
             ouer
             the
             same
             ,
             who
             are
             the
             greatest
             enemies
             to
             a
             Garden
             that
             may
             be
             .
          
           
             
             There
             would
             be
             also
             in
             this
             Kitchin-Garden
             ,
             if
             with
             conueniency
             it
             may
             be
             brought
             to
             passe
             ,
             eyther
             a
             Pumpe
             ,
             Well
             ,
             or
             Cesterne
             ,
             which
             might
             flow
             continually
             with
             
             water
             all
             the
             Summer
             time
             ,
             for
             the
             watering
             of
             Hearbs
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             héereafter
             declared
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             choyce
             of
             ground
             for
             a
             Kitchin-garden
             ,
             and
             the
             ordering
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Of
             the
             sowing
             and
             ordering
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Pot-hearbs
             .
          
           
             WHen
             you
             haue
             prepared
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             cast
             your
             beds
             in
             an
             orderly
             fashion
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             spoken
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             take
             your
             Séeds
             ,
             which
             Séeds
             would
             by
             no
             meanes
             be
             aboue
             a
             yéere
             olde
             :
             and
             hauing
             sorted
             them
             seuerally
             ,
             euery
             one
             by
             it selfe
             ,
             and
             appointed
             the
             beds
             which
             shall
             seuerally
             receiue
             them
             :
             you
             shall
             in
             this
             manner
             sowe
             your
             Pot-hearbs
             ,
             which
             craue
             not
             much
             roote
             ,
             because
             their
             onely
             benefit
             is
             in
             the
             leafe
             :
             take
             your
             séeds
             and
             put
             them
             into
             a
             wooden
             Tray
             ,
             then
             take
             of
             your
             Garden
             moulde
             ,
             the
             finest
             that
             may
             be
             ,
             being
             made
             almost
             as
             fine
             as
             ashes
             ,
             and
             mixe
             your
             Séeds
             ,
             and
             that
             mould
             very
             well
             together
             ,
             then
             goe
             to
             the
             bedde
             where
             you
             meane
             to
             bestow
             them
             ,
             and
             hauing
             newly
             rackt
             it
             (
             to
             stirre
             vp
             the
             fresh
             mould
             )
             with
             your
             hand
             sprinkle
             and
             sowe
             them
             all
             ouer
             the
             bed
             ,
             so
             thicke
             as
             may
             be
             :
             which
             done
             ,
             with
             a
             fine
             Rake
             ,
             rake
             the
             bed
             gently
             ouer
             ,
             then
             taking
             spare
             fine
             mould
             ,
             put
             it
             into
             a
             ridling
             Siue
             ,
             and
             sift
             it
             ouer
             the
             bed
             better
             then
             two
             fingers
             thickenesse
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             rest
             :
             thus
             you
             shall
             doe
             seuerally
             with
             euery
             séede
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             bestowing
             euery
             one
             vpon
             a
             seuerall
             bed
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             your
             Pot-hearbs
             ,
             
             which
             are
             most
             generally
             in
             vse
             ,
             they
             be
             these
             :
             Endiue
             and
             Succorie
             ,
             which
             delight
             in
             moyst
             ground
             ,
             
             and
             will
             endure
             the
             winter
             .
             Bleete
             of
             which
             there
             be
             two
             kindes
             ,
             Red
             and
             White
             :
             this
             Hearbe
             neuer
             néedeth
             wéeding
             ,
             and
             if
             he
             be
             suffered
             to
             shed
             his
             séed
             
             it
             will
             hardly
             euer
             to
             be
             got
             out
             of
             a
             Garden
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Beets
             ,
             which
             must
             be
             much
             wéeded
             ,
             for
             they
             lo●●
             to
             liue
             by
             themselues
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             grow
             too
             thick●
             you
             may
             take
             them
             vp
             when
             they
             are
             a
             finger
             long
             in
             their
             〈◊〉
             earth
             ,
             and
             set
             them
             in
             another
             bed
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             prosper
             much
             better
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             land
             Cresses
             ,
             which
             is
             both
             a
             good
             Pot-hearb●
             and
             a
             good
             Sallet-Hearbe
             :
             it
             loueth
             shadowie
             places
             ,
             where
             the
             Sunne
             shineth
             least
             ,
             and
             standeth
             in
             néed
             of
             little
             dung
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Parcely
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             Hearbs
             is
             of
             most
             vse
             ,
             it
             is
             longest
             in
             appearing
             aboue
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             elder
             s●●d
             is
             the
             quicker
             in
             growth
             ,
             but
             not
             the
             surer
             ;
             but
             eyther
             being
             once
             come
             vp
             increase
             naturally
             ,
             and
             doe
             hardly
             euer
             decay
             :
             it
             cannot
             grow
             too
             thicke
             ,
             but
             as
             you
             vse
             it
             you
             must
             cut
             off
             the
             toppes
             with
             your
             knife
             ,
             and
             by
             no
             meanes
             pull
             vp
             the
             rootes
             :
             if
             it
             be
             put
             into
             a
             little
             pursse
             ,
             and
             beaten
             against
             the
             ground
             ,
             to
             bruise
             it
             a
             little
             before
             it
             be
             sowne
             ,
             it
             will
             make
             it
             haue
             a
             large
             crisped
             leafe
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Sauory
             ,
             of
             which
             are
             two
             kindes
             ,
             the
             Winter
             -
             Sauory
             ,
             and
             Summer
             ,
             both
             delight
             in
             leane
             ground
             ,
             and
             are
             quicke
             of
             growth
             ,
             and
             long
             lasting
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Time
             ,
             of
             which
             are
             also
             two
             kindes
             ,
             the
             running
             Time
             ,
             and
             the
             Garden
             Time
             :
             they
             delight
             in
             fertile
             ground
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             séede
             are
             very
             slow
             of
             growth
             ,
             therefore
             it
             is
             best
             euer
             to
             set
             them
             from
             the
             ●lip
             .
             The
             running
             Time
             doth
             delight
             in
             the
             shadow
             ,
             but
             the
             Garden
             Time
             in
             the
             Sunne
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             French
             -
             Mallowes
             ,
             which
             will
             ioy
             in
             any
             ground
             ,
             and
             are
             quicke
             of
             growth
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Cheruill
             ,
             which
             will
             not
             by
             any
             meanes
             grow
             with
             any
             other
             Hearbe
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Dill
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             sowne
             almost
             in
             any
             moneth
             of
             the
             yéere
             as
             well
             as
             March
             :
             it
             endureth
             all
             weathers
             ,
             but
             loueth
             the
             warmth
             best
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             
             Isop
             ●
             which
             in
             like
             manner
             as
             Time
             is
             ,
             slow
             of
             growth
             from
             the
             séed
             ,
             and
             therefore
             ●itter
             to
             be
             set
             from
             
             the
             slips
             ,
             after
             it
             hath
             once
             taken
             roote
             it
             encreaseth
             wonderfully
             ,
             and
             will
             hardly
             be
             destroyed
             .
          
           
             Then
             Mints
             ,
             
             which
             flourish
             onely
             in
             the
             Summer
             time
             ,
             but
             dye
             in
             the
             Winter
             ,
             it
             delighteth
             most
             in
             the
             moyst
             ground
             .
          
           
             Then
             Violets
             ,
             
             the
             leaues
             whereof
             are
             a
             good
             Pot-hearb
             ,
             and
             the
             Flowers
             preserued
             in
             close
             glasse
             pots
             ,
             with
             strong
             Wine-vinegar
             and
             Sugar
             ,
             a
             most
             excellent
             Sallet
             :
             it
             doth
             delight
             to
             grow
             high
             ,
             and
             will
             grow
             spéedely
             eyther
             from
             the
             plant
             or
             from
             the
             séed
             .
          
           
             Then
             Basill
             ,
             
             which
             would
             be
             sowne
             in
             the
             warme
             weather
             ,
             as
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             May
             ,
             for
             the
             séed
             is
             tender
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             haue
             sowne
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             presse
             the
             earth
             downe
             vpon
             it
             with
             your
             féet
             ,
             for
             the
             seede
             can
             endure
             no
             hollownesse
             :
             if
             you
             sowe
             it
             at
             the
             fall
             of
             the
             Leafe
             ,
             you
             shall
             sprinkle
             the
             séede
             with
             Uinegar
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             water
             it
             let
             the
             Sunne
             be
             at
             his
             height
             .
          
           
             Then
             swéet
             Marioram
             ,
             
             which
             would
             be
             sowne
             on
             rich
             ground
             ,
             and
             farre
             from
             Sunneshine
             ,
             for
             it
             taketh
             no
             delight
             in
             his
             beames
             .
          
           
             Then
             Marigolds
             ,
             
             which
             renew
             euery
             moneth
             ,
             and
             endure
             the
             Winter
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Summer
             :
             this
             Hearbe
             the
             oftner
             you
             remoue
             it
             ,
             the
             bigger
             it
             groweth
             .
          
           
             Then
             Strawberries
             ,
             
             whose
             leaues
             are
             a
             good
             Pot-hear●e
             ,
             and
             the
             fruit
             the
             wholesomme●t
             berry
             :
             this
             Hearbe
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             would
             be
             set
             of
             the
             plant
             ,
             and
             not
             sowne
             from
             the
             séed
             ,
             for
             the
             oft
             changing
             and
             remouing
             of
             it
             causeth
             it
             to
             grow
             bigger
             and
             bigger
             :
             it
             groweth
             best
             vnder
             the
             shadowes
             of
             other
             Hearbes
             ,
             but
             very
             sufficiently
             in
             beds
             ,
             or
             else
             where
             .
          
           
             Then
             Borage
             and
             Buglosse
             ,
             
             both
             which
             are
             of
             one
             nature
             :
             they
             would
             be
             sowne
             in
             small
             quantity
             ,
             for
             where
             they
             take
             they
             will
             runne
             ouer
             a
             whole
             Garden
             :
             the
             séed
             must
             be
             gathered
             when
             it
             is
             halfe
             ripe
             it
             is
             so
             apt
             to
             shed
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             gather
             it
             you
             must
             plucke
             vp
             the
             stalkes
             ,
             leaues
             &
             all
             ,
             and
             so
             laying
             them
             one
             vpon
             another
             thrée
             or
             foure
             dayes
             ,
             their
             own
             heat
             will
             bring
             the
             séed
             to
             ripenes
             .
          
           
           
             
             Then
             Rosemary
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             Hearbe
             tender
             and
             ●●●rious
             ,
             yet
             of
             singular
             vertue
             :
             it
             is
             soone
             slaine
             with
             frost
             or
             lightening
             :
             it
             will
             grow
             plentifully
             from
             the
             séede
             ,
             but
             much
             better
             from
             the
             slip
             ,
             it
             delighteth
             to
             be
             planted
             against
             some
             Wall
             where
             it
             may
             haue
             the
             re●lection
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             for
             to
             stand
             vnpropped
             of
             himselfe
             ,
             the
             very
             shaking
             of
             the
             winde
             will
             kill
             it
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Penyroyall
             ,
             which
             most
             properly
             is
             vsed
             to
             be
             mixt
             with
             Puddings
             ,
             made
             of
             the
             bloud
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             &
             Oatmeale
             :
             of
             it
             there
             be
             two
             kindes
             ,
             Male
             and
             Female
             :
             the
             Male
             beareth
             a
             white
             flower
             ,
             and
             the
             Female
             a
             purple
             :
             it
             must
             be
             sowne
             in
             small
             quantity
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             runne
             and
             spread
             ouer-much
             ground
             :
             it
             delighteth
             most
             in
             moyst
             earth
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Leekes
             ,
             which
             would
             haue
             a
             fertile
             ground
             ,
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             they
             be
             shot
             vp
             a
             good
             length
             you
             shall
             cut
             the
             blades
             to
             the
             polt
             ,
             and
             then
             remoue
             the
             heads
             ,
             and
             set
             them
             borderwise
             about
             your
             other
             beds
             :
             this
             remouing
             after
             the
             cutting
             off
             the
             blades
             ,
             wil
             make
             them
             grow
             bigger
             ,
             and
             prosper
             better
             ,
             as
             for
             thrusting
             Oyster-shels
             or
             Tyle-shreads
             vnder
             them
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             heads
             bigger
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             toy
             ,
             for
             if
             the
             mould
             be
             loose
             and
             good
             ,
             the
             Léeke
             will
             come
             to
             his
             perfect
             growth
             :
             they
             may
             be
             sowne
             both
             in
             March
             ,
             Aprill
             ,
             May
             ,
             and
             Iune
             ,
             and
             they
             may
             be
             remoued
             all
             Iuly
             ,
             August
             ,
             September
             and
             October
             .
          
           
             
             Then
             Onions
             ,
             which
             differ
             not
             much
             from
             the
             nature
             of
             Léekes
             ,
             they
             loue
             a
             fertile
             Soyle
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             sowne
             with
             the
             séeds
             of
             Sauory
             :
             when
             they
             come
             vp
             if
             they
             grow
             too
             thicke
             ,
             as
             is
             often
             séene
             ,
             you
             shall
             plucke
             vp
             some
             and
             spend
             them
             in
             the
             Pot
             and
             in
             Sallets
             ,
             to
             giue
             the
             rest
             more
             roome
             ,
             and
             some
             you
             shall
             take
             vp
             and
             replant
             in
             other
             beds
             ,
             which
             you
             may
             preserue
             for
             séede
             :
             those
             Onion●
             which
             you
             would
             not
             haue
             to
             séede
             ,
             you
             shall
             cut
             off
             the
             b●ades
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             that
             the
             iuyce
             may
             descend
             downew●rd
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             sée
             the
             heads
             of
             the
             Onions
             appearing
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             your
             féet
             tread
             them
             into
             the
             ground●
             there
             be
             some
             very
             well
             experienst
             
             Husbands
             ,
             which
             will
             take
             the
             fayrest
             ,
             goodliest
             and
             soundest
             Onions
             they
             can
             get
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             moneth
             of
             March
             set
             them
             thrée
             fingers
             déepe
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             these
             of
             all
             other
             bring
             forth
             the
             purest
             and
             best
             séede
             ,
             for
             which
             purpose
             onely
             they
             are
             preserued
             :
             as
             soone
             as
             your
             séed-Onions
             are
             knotted
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderproppe
             them
             with
             square
             cradles
             ,
             made
             of
             stickes
             ,
             least
             the
             waight
             of
             the
             boules
             which
             carry
             the
             séede
             ,
             should
             breake
             the
             blades
             .
          
           
             The
             time
             of
             gathering
             your
             séede
             is
             ,
             
             when
             it
             is
             all
             turned
             purely
             blacke
             ,
             and
             the
             time
             of
             gathering
             the
             Onions
             is
             ,
             when
             the
             heads
             doe
             forsake
             the
             earth
             ,
             after
             they
             be
             gathered
             you
             shall
             lay
             them
             on
             a
             dry
             floore
             for
             a
             fortnight
             ,
             or
             more
             ,
             and
             then
             binde
             them
             vp
             in
             ropes
             ,
             and
             hang
             them
             where
             they
             may
             haue
             the
             ayre
             of
             the
             fire
             ,
             onely
             note
             that
             shall
             gather
             your
             Onions
             in
             the
             increase
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             sowne
             ,
             and
             not
             otherwise
             .
          
           
             Many
             other
             Pot-hearbs
             there
             be
             ,
             which
             for
             as
             much
             as
             they
             differ
             nothing
             ,
             eyther
             in
             sowing
             ,
             planting
             ,
             or
             ordering
             ,
             from
             these
             which
             I
             haue
             rehearsed
             ,
             I
             will
             héere
             omit
             them
             ,
             and
             thinke
             this
             sufficient
             ,
             touching
             the
             sowing
             and
             ordering
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Pot-hearbs
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             Of
             the
             sowing
             of
             certaine
             Hearbs
             ,
             which
             are
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             but
             especially
             are
             medicinall
             ,
             yet
             euer
             in
             the
             Husbandmans
             Garden
             .
          
           
             OF
             Hearbes
             which
             are
             medicinall
             ,
             
             I
             will
             begin
             with
             
             Arage
             ●
             or
             Orache
             ,
             which
             being
             colde
             and
             moyst
             is
             very
             excellent
             against
             the
             hot
             Go●t
             :
             it
             is
             to
             be
             sowne
             in
             any
             moneth
             ,
             from
             February
             till
             December
             :
             it
             loueth
             much
             moisture
             ,
             and
             therefore
             must
             be
             oft
             watered
             :
             it
             must
             be
             sowne
             excéeding
             thinne
             ,
             and
             quickly
             couered
             ,
             for
             the
             ayre
             is
             offensiue
             .
          
           
           
             
             Next
             it
             is
             
               Lumbardy
               ,
               Loueage
            
             ,
             which
             being
             〈…〉
             dry
             ,
             is
             very
             purgatiue
             ,
             it
             desireth
             a
             very
             fruitfull
             〈◊〉
             but
             if
             it
             be
             sowne
             where
             it
             may
             haue
             much
             〈…〉
             some
             shelter
             accompanied
             with
             moysture
             ,
             it
             will
             〈…〉
             any
             ground
             ,
             the
             moneths
             for
             sowing
             thereof
             ,
             is
             ,
             〈◊〉
             the
             midst
             of
             February
             till
             Haruest
             .
          
           
             
             Fennell
             is
             also
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             it
             comforteth
             the
             stomacke
             ,
             openeth
             the
             inward
             vessels
             ,
             and
             helpeth
             disgestion
             ;
             it
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             any
             moneth
             ,
             and
             vpon
             any
             indifferent
             ground
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             a
             little
             stony
             ,
             the
             séede
             would
             not
             be
             very
             old
             ,
             though
             of
             all
             other
             it
             be
             the
             longest
             la●ter
             .
          
           
             
             Anise
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             it
             dissolueth
             humors
             and
             obstructions
             ,
             and
             is
             very
             comfortable
             to
             weake
             stomacks
             ,
             it
             delighteth
             in
             a
             good
             and
             loose
             mould
             ,
             and
             is
             to
             be
             sowne
             in
             the
             height
             of
             the
             Spring
             onely
             .
          
           
             
             Comin
             is
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             Anise
             and
             Fennell
             ,
             and
             mixt
             with
             either
             ,
             is
             very
             soueraine
             against
             all
             inward
             sicknesses
             procéeding
             from
             cold
             ,
             it
             loueth
             a
             fruitfull
             rich
             earth
             &
             much
             warmth
             ,
             and
             therfore
             the
             later
             it
             is
             sowne
             in
             the
             Spring
             ,
             it
             is
             so
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             aboue
             all
             things
             it
             would
             be
             sowne
             in
             the
             hottest
             time
             of
             the
             day
             ,
             &
             if
             it
             be
             mixed
             with
             other
             séeds
             ,
             it
             is
             so
             much
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             appeareth
             the
             sooner
             .
          
           
             
             Coliander
             is
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             cold
             &
             dry
             ,
             it
             helps
             disgestion
             ,
             &
             suppresseth
             vapours
             which
             offend
             the
             braine
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             sowne
             vpon
             any
             indifferent
             ground
             ,
             &
             in
             any
             month
             except
             December
             and
             Ianuary
             ,
             the
             elder
             the
             séedes
             are
             the
             better
             so
             they
             be
             sound
             ,
             and
             they
             desire
             much
             watering
             .
          
           
             
             Rue
             or
             Hearb-grace
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             &
             is
             very
             soueraigne
             against
             all
             inward
             infection
             ,
             putrifactions
             ,
             and
             impostumations
             ,
             it
             ioyeth
             in
             any
             reasonable
             ground
             so
             it
             grow
             warme
             and
             dry
             ,
             the
             moneths
             fittest
             for
             the
             sowing
             thereof
             ,
             is
             March
             ,
             Aprill
             or
             May
             ,
             and
             the
             mould
             would
             be
             firme
             and
             not
             subiect
             to
             ryuing
             ,
             whence
             it
             procéedes
             that
             no
             meanure
             is
             so
             good
             for
             the
             encrease
             thereof
             as
             horse-dung
             and
             ashes
             mixt
             together
             :
             the
             beds
             would
             be
             made
             high
             &
             discending
             ,
             that
             no
             moysture
             may
             stay
             thereon
             ,
             they
             must
             be
             carefully
             wéeded
             ,
             for
             in
             their
             first
             growth
             otherwise
             they
             are
             soone
             choaked
             .
          
           
           
             Organie
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             
             and
             excellent
             against
             any
             sicknesse
             of
             the
             liuer
             ,
             the
             ground
             in
             which
             it
             most
             ioyeth
             would
             be
             a
             little
             stonie
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             rubbish
             ,
             yet
             by
             no
             meanes
             vndunged
             ,
             the
             moneth
             fittest
             for
             the
             sowing
             thereof
             is
             March
             and
             September
             ,
             the
             Moone
             being
             in
             Libra
             or
             any
             other
             moist
             signe
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             continually
             watred
             till
             it
             appear●
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             but
             after
             forborne
             ,
             for
             being
             once
             well
             fixed
             ,
             it
             is
             euer
             certaine
             .
          
           
             White
             Poppy
             is
             cold
             and
             moyst
             ,
             
             and
             much
             prouoketh
             sléepe
             :
             it
             delights
             to
             be
             sowne
             in
             a
             rich
             ,
             warme
             ,
             dry
             ground
             ,
             in
             the
             moneths
             of
             March
             ,
             September
             or
             Nouember
             .
          
           
             Germander
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             
             and
             excellent
             against
             the
             Kings
             euill
             ;
             obstructions
             of
             the
             Spléene
             and
             hardnesse
             of
             Urine
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             hard
             hearbe
             ,
             and
             will
             prosper
             in
             any
             ground
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             sowne
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             spring
             or
             fall
             of
             the
             leafe
             ,
             and
             is
             most
             comly
             for
             the
             setting
             forth
             of
             knots
             in
             Gardens
             .
          
           
             
               Cardus
               Benedictus
            
             ,
             
             or
             the
             blessed
             Thistell
             ,
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             it
             is
             very
             soueraine
             against
             most
             inward
             sicknesses
             ,
             stancheth
             blood
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             great
             comforter
             of
             the
             braine
             ,
             it
             delighteth
             in
             a
             rich
             ground
             and
             a
             loose
             well
             tempered
             mould
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             sowne
             very
             shallow
             ,
             and
             not
             couered
             aboue
             two
             inches
             déepe
             ,
             the
             first
             quarter
             of
             the
             Moone
             is
             best
             to
             sowe
             it
             in
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             moneths
             of
             March
             ,
             May
             or
             September
             ,
             if
             you
             sowe
             a
             little
             fine
             flaxen
             Wheat
             with
             it
             ,
             no
             doubt
             but
             it
             will
             prosper
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             Angellica
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             
             it
             openeth
             and
             dissolueth
             obstructions
             ,
             is
             an
             excellent
             cordiall
             against
             poyson
             ,
             and
             all
             infections
             ,
             it
             helpeth
             the
             collicke
             ,
             and
             cureth
             the
             biting
             of
             madde
             dogges
             or
             venemous
             beasts
             ,
             it
             loueth
             a
             fruitfull
             dry
             mould
             ,
             but
             may
             not
             indure
             the
             trouble
             of
             wéedes
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             sowne
             in
             March
             or
             Aprill
             ,
             &
             it
             flourisheth
             in
             Iuly
             &
             August
             ,
             it
             hath
             a
             swéet
             odour
             ,
             and
             helpeth
             all
             euill
             &
             infected
             ayres
             .
          
           
             Valerian
             is
             hot
             &
             dry
             and
             preuenteth
             infection
             ,
             
             it
             helpeth
             stitches
             and
             other
             griefes
             procéeding
             from
             windy
             causes
             ,
             it
             loueth
             to
             grow
             in
             moist
             and
             low
             places
             ,
             the
             ground
             being
             well
             meanured
             ,
             and
             fill
             it
             be
             shot
             at
             least
             a
             handfull
             high
             ,
             
             it
             must
             be
             kept
             with
             continuall
             watring
             ,
             the
             〈…〉
             of
             the
             yéere
             is
             the
             best
             to
             sowe
             it
             in
             .
          
           
             
             Elecampana
             ,
             is
             hot
             and
             moyst
             ,
             and
             good
             for
             offences
             in
             the
             lungs
             ,
             or
             any
             outward
             ioynt
             ,
             being
             troubled
             with
             paine
             procéeding
             from
             colde
             :
             it
             is
             better
             much
             to
             be
             set
             th●●
             sowne
             ,
             yet
             notwithstanding
             it
             may
             safely
             enough
             be
             sowne
             at
             any
             time
             after
             mid-March
             ,
             the
             ground
             being
             rich●
             soft
             ,
             and
             loose
             ,
             and
             the
             séede
             strowed
             very
             thinne
             ,
             and
             ●t
             least
             two
             fingers
             distance
             one
             from
             another
             .
          
           
             
             Pepperwort
             is
             hot
             and
             drye
             ,
             yet
             of
             the
             two
             much
             more
             hot
             ,
             it
             is
             good
             against
             all
             kinde
             of
             aches
             ,
             and
             other
             paine
             in
             the
             ioynts
             ,
             or
             sinewes
             :
             it
             delighteth
             in
             a
             rich
             blacke
             Soyle
             ,
             fat
             and
             loose
             :
             it
             would
             be
             sowne
             in
             February
             ,
             and
             remoued
             in
             September
             .
          
           
             
             Philipendula
             is
             very
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             is
             good
             against
             abortiue
             births
             ,
             Stone
             ,
             Strangury
             ,
             or
             any
             griefe
             procéeding
             from
             colde
             causes
             :
             it
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             any
             barraine
             ,
             stony
             ,
             or
             grauelly
             Soyle
             ,
             in
             the
             months
             of
             May
             ,
             Aprill
             ,
             or
             September
             :
             it
             neither
             desireth
             much
             wéeding
             ,
             nor
             much
             watering
             ,
             but
             being
             once
             committed
             to
             the
             ground
             appeareth
             sodainely
             :
             and
             thus
             much
             of
             those
             Hearbes
             which
             are
             fit
             for
             Medicine
             ,
             of
             which
             though
             there
             be
             many
             others
             ,
             yet
             they
             differ
             not
             in
             their
             ordering
             from
             these
             already
             declared
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             Of
             diuers
             sorts
             of
             Sallet-Hearbes
             ,
             their
             manner
             of
             sowing
             and
             ordering
             .
          
           
             
             AMongst
             the
             many
             numbers
             of
             Sallet-Hearbes
             I
             thinke
             it
             not
             amisse
             to
             beginne
             first
             with
             Lettuce
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             other
             whose
             vertue
             is
             helde
             in
             the
             leafe
             ,
             is
             most
             delicate
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             :
             the
             ground
             then
             in
             which
             it
             most
             delighteth
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             is
             most
             fertile
             ,
             best
             laboured
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             finest
             
             mould
             ,
             being
             soft
             ,
             loose
             ,
             and
             more
             enclining
             to
             moysture
             then
             drinesse
             :
             it
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             any
             moneth
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             from
             February
             to
             Nouember
             ;
             it
             is
             very
             quick
             of
             growth
             ,
             and
             will
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             earth
             in
             foure
             dayes
             after
             the
             sowing
             :
             it
             would
             at
             first
             be
             sowne
             thicke
             ,
             and
             carefully
             kept
             with
             morning
             and
             euening
             watrings
             ,
             if
             the
             season
             be
             dry
             ,
             but
             not
             otherwise
             :
             after
             it
             is
             growne
             and
             faire
             spread
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             which
             will
             be
             in
             a
             moneths
             space
             or
             there-abouts
             ,
             you
             shall
             chuse
             out
             the
             fairest
             and
             goodliest
             plants
             ,
             and
             taking
             them
             vp
             with
             the
             earth
             and
             all
             ,
             about
             their
             rootes
             ,
             replant
             or
             remoue
             them
             to
             a
             new
             bed
             of
             fresh
             mould
             ,
             and
             there
             set
             them
             a
             foote
             distance
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             and
             fixe
             their
             rootes
             fast
             and
             hard
             into
             the
             ground
             :
             then
             couer
             or
             presse
             them
             downe
             with
             Tyle
             or
             Slate
             stones
             ,
             to
             make
             them
             spread
             and
             not
             spring
             vpward
             ,
             by
             which
             meanes
             the
             leaues
             will
             gather
             together
             ,
             and
             cabbadge
             ,
             in
             a
             thicke
             and
             good
             order
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             the
             oftner
             you
             remoue
             your
             Lettuce
             ,
             the
             fairer
             and
             closer
             they
             wil
             cabbage
             .
             There
             be
             diuers
             which
             obserue
             to
             remoue
             Lettuce
             as
             soone
             as
             sixe
             leaues
             are
             sprung
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ;
             but
             I
             like
             better
             to
             remoue
             them
             when
             they
             begin
             to
             spindle
             :
             they
             are
             most
             estéemed
             in
             the
             moneths
             of
             Aprill
             ,
             May
             ,
             and
             Iune
             ,
             for
             in
             Iuly
             they
             are
             supposed
             to
             carrie
             in
             them
             a
             poysonous
             substance
             .
          
           
             Next
             the
             Lettuce
             I
             preferre
             the
             hearbe
             Spynage
             ,
             
             which
             delighteth
             in
             a
             well-dunged
             earth
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             Aprill
             ,
             March
             ,
             September
             ,
             or
             October
             :
             it
             would
             not
             be
             mixed
             with
             other
             séedes
             ,
             because
             it
             prospereth
             best
             alone
             .
          
           
             Sparagus
             ioyeth
             in
             a
             fertill
             moist
             ground
             ,
             
             the
             mould
             being
             made
             light
             which
             couers
             it
             ,
             and
             the
             ground
             well
             dunged
             ,
             the
             Spring
             is
             the
             best
             time
             to
             sowe
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             must
             be
             sowne
             in
             long
             furrowes
             or
             trenches
             made
             with
             your
             finger
             ,
             and
             not
             vniuersally
             spread
             ouer
             the
             bed
             as
             other
             séeds
             are
             :
             it
             loueth
             moysture
             ,
             but
             may
             not
             endure
             the
             wet
             to
             lye
             long
             vpon
             it
             ,
             and
             therefore
             the
             beds
             would
             a
             little
             descend
             it
             :
             must
             not
             be
             remoued
             till
             the
             rootes
             be
             so
             feltred
             
             together
             ,
             that
             they
             hinder
             the
             new
             branches
             from
             springing
             vp
             ,
             which
             commonly
             is
             two
             yeares
             .
          
           
             
             Colworts
             or
             Cabbadge
             séede
             delighteth
             in
             any
             well
             husbanded
             handed
             ground
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             all
             sorts
             and
             seasons
             as
             Lettuce
             is
             ,
             and
             must
             also
             in
             the
             like
             manner
             be
             remoued
             ,
             after
             the
             principall
             leaues
             are
             come
             forth
             ,
             which
             will
             make
             them
             to
             gather
             together
             ,
             and
             cabbadge
             the
             better
             :
             and
             as
             they
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             any
             season
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             so
             likewise
             they
             may
             be
             remoued
             at
             all
             seasons
             likewise
             ,
             except
             the
             frost
             or
             other
             vnseasonable
             weather
             hinder
             you
             :
             and
             although
             some
             men
             will
             not
             allow
             it
             to
             be
             sowen
             in
             clay
             grounds
             ,
             grauell
             ,
             chalke
             ,
             or
             sand
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             deceiued
             ;
             for
             if
             the
             earth
             be
             well
             ordred
             ,
             they
             will
             grow
             plentifully
             ,
             onely
             you
             must
             obserue
             when
             you
             remoue
             them
             to
             let
             them
             haue
             earth
             roome
             enough
             .
          
           
             
             Sage
             is
             in
             Gardens
             most
             common
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             most
             wholesome
             ,
             and
             though
             it
             may
             be
             better
             set
             from
             the
             slip
             then
             sowen
             in
             the
             séede
             ,
             yet
             both
             will
             prosper
             ,
             it
             loueth
             any
             well
             drest
             ground
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             either
             in
             February
             ,
             March
             ,
             September
             ,
             or
             October
             :
             it
             loueth
             also
             to
             grow
             thick
             and
             close
             together
             ,
             and
             will
             of
             it selfe
             ouercome
             most
             wéedes
             :
             it
             asketh
             not
             much
             dung
             ,
             neither
             too
             great
             care
             〈◊〉
             watring
             ,
             onely
             it
             would
             be
             oft
             searched
             ,
             for
             Toa●es
             and
             other
             venemous
             things
             will
             delight
             to
             lye
             vnder
             it
             ,
             the
             more
             Sunne
             and
             ayre
             it
             hath
             ,
             the
             better
             it
             is
             .
          
           
             
             Purslane
             is
             a
             most
             excellent
             Sallet
             hearbe
             ,
             and
             loueth
             ●
             fertile
             soile
             ,
             and
             though
             it
             may
             be
             sowen
             almost
             in
             any
             moneth
             ,
             yet
             the
             warmest
             is
             the
             best
             ,
             as
             Aprill
             ,
             May
             ,
             Iune
             ,
             or
             Septemb.
             Buck
             ashes
             are
             an
             excellent
             meanure
             for
             them
             ,
             and
             for
             most
             Sallet
             hearbs
             else
             ,
             but
             aboue
             all
             they
             loue
             dry
             dust
             and
             house-swéepings
             ,
             they
             are
             apt
             to
             shed
             their
             séede
             ,
             whence
             it
             comes
             that
             a
             ground
             once
             possest
             of
             them
             will
             seldome
             want
             them
             ,
             they
             may
             also
             be
             remoued
             ,
             and
             will
             prosper
             much
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             
             Artychokes
             loue
             a
             fat
             earth
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             February
             or
             March
             ,
             the
             Moone
             encreasing
             ,
             the
             séedes
             must
             not
             be
             sowen
             together
             ,
             but
             set
             one
             by
             one
             a
             good
             distance
             
             asunder
             ;
             they
             must
             lye
             somewhat
             déepe
             ,
             and
             be
             firmely
             couered
             ;
             yet
             if
             you
             can
             procure
             them
             ,
             I
             rather
             with
             you
             rather
             to
             set
             them
             from
             Slips
             or
             young
             Plants
             ,
             then
             sowe
             them
             from
             the
             séedes
             ,
             for
             they
             doe
             so
             naturally
             loue
             the
             earth
             ,
             that
             you
             can
             hardly
             slip
             so
             wast
             a
             leafe
             from
             an
             Artychoke
             as
             will
             not
             take
             roote
             ;
             if
             you
             sowe
             the
             séede
             ,
             you
             must
             be
             carefull
             to
             wéede
             and
             water
             them
             well
             ,
             for
             the
             first
             leaues
             are
             very
             tender
             :
             also
             if
             you
             remoue
             them
             after
             their
             first
             springing
             ,
             the
             fruit
             will
             be
             bigger
             and
             better
             .
          
           
             Garlicke
             is
             best
             in
             September
             and
             Nouember
             ,
             
             to
             be
             set
             from
             the
             cloue
             ,
             in
             &
             about
             the
             borders
             of
             beds
             ,
             or
             other
             séedes
             ,
             halfe
             a
             foote
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             and
             in
             February
             ,
             March
             ,
             and
             Aprill
             ,
             to
             be
             sowen
             from
             the
             séede
             :
             it
             must
             be
             ordered
             as
             you
             order
             Onyon
             séede
             ,
             it
             loues
             not
             much
             wet
             nor
             extreame
             drought
             ,
             onely
             it
             desires
             a
             good
             mould
             which
             is
             rich
             and
             firme
             ,
             yet
             not
             too
             much
             dunged
             .
          
           
             Raddish
             loueth
             a
             fertile
             ground
             ,
             
             that
             is
             well
             dunged
             ,
             chiefly
             with
             mans
             ordure
             ,
             that
             is
             déepe
             trencht
             ,
             and
             hath
             an
             easie
             and
             light
             mould
             ,
             and
             the
             séedes
             would
             be
             placed
             either
             in
             rowes
             ,
             or
             about
             the
             borders
             of
             beds
             ,
             as
             you
             doe
             Garlicke
             :
             the
             manner
             of
             sowing
             it
             is
             with
             a
             dibble
             or
             round
             sticke
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             hole
             into
             the
             ground
             almost
             a
             foote
             déepe
             ,
             and
             then
             into
             that
             hole
             to
             put
             not
             aboue
             two
             séedes
             at
             the
             most
             ,
             and
             then
             close
             the
             hole
             vp
             againe
             ,
             and
             let
             the
             holes
             be
             foure
             fingers
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             most
             months
             of
             the
             yéere
             if
             the
             frost
             hinder
             not
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             the
             roote
             large
             &
             tender
             ,
             and
             to
             kéepe
             the
             branch
             from
             séeding
             ;
             you
             shall
             as
             it
             springs
             crop
             off
             the
             principall
             leaues
             which
             grow
             against
             the
             heart
             of
             the
             root
             :
             to
             tread
             them
             downe
             into
             the
             earth
             after
             they
             haue
             fast
             roote
             is
             good
             also
             .
          
           
             Nauew
             ,
             
             if
             the
             earth
             haue
             any
             small
             goodnesse
             in
             it
             will
             grow
             plentifully
             ,
             neither
             is
             offended
             with
             any
             ayre
             ,
             onely
             the
             mould
             would
             be
             loose
             and
             rough
             ,
             for
             otherwise
             it
             many
             times
             turneth
             to
             Rape
             :
             the
             séede
             naturally
             commeth
             vp
             very
             thicke
             ,
             therefore
             it
             is
             expedient
             to
             remoue
             them
             and
             plant
             them
             thinner
             ,
             for
             that
             best
             preserueth
             their
             
             natures
             ,
             they
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             February
             ,
             March
             ,
             Aprill
             ,
             September
             ,
             or
             October
             .
          
           
             
             Parsneps
             or
             Carrets
             are
             of
             one
             and
             the
             selfe
             nature
             ,
             they
             delight
             in
             a
             good
             fat
             earth
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             sowne
             reasonably
             thicke
             ,
             in
             long
             déepe
             trenches
             like
             furrowes
             ,
             hauing
             a
             gentle
             and
             easie
             mould
             either
             in
             the
             moneth
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             February
             ,
             or
             March
             ,
             or
             in
             September
             ,
             October
             ,
             or
             December
             ,
             they
             must
             be
             carefully
             well
             wéeded
             ,
             and
             if
             the
             earth
             be
             fat
             ,
             they
             néede
             not
             much
             watring
             or
             other
             attendance
             .
          
           
             
             
               Pompyons
               ,
               Gourds
            
             ,
             or
             Mellons
             ,
             desire
             a
             very
             good
             ground
             ,
             or
             by
             Nature
             or
             Art
             ,
             the
             séedes
             must
             be
             sowne
             very
             thinne
             ,
             as
             at
             least
             halfe
             a
             foote
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             they
             would
             lye
             reasonably
             déepe
             ,
             yet
             the
             mould
             very
             gentle
             which
             couers
             them
             ,
             they
             are
             subiect
             to
             spread
             and
             runne
             ouer
             much
             ground
             ,
             therefore
             as
             they
             grow
             you
             must
             direct
             their
             stemmes
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             may
             not
             annoy
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             flower
             you
             shall
             lay
             broad
             Tiles
             or
             Slat●
             stones
             vnder
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             fruit
             nor
             flower
             may
             not
             touch
             the
             earth
             ;
             if
             you
             plash
             them
             vp
             against
             trées
             or
             walles
             where
             they
             may
             haue
             the
             reflection
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             the
             fruit
             will
             be
             larger
             ,
             pleasanter
             ,
             and
             sooner
             ripe
             :
             they
             néede
             no
             wéeding
             nor
             watring
             after
             you
             sée
             them
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             seasons
             to
             sowe
             them
             in
             ,
             is
             February
             ,
             March
             ,
             or
             Aprill
             ,
             those
             are
             the
             best
             Pompyons
             which
             haue
             the
             smallest
             séedes
             ,
             and
             are
             of
             the
             most
             yellowest
             complexion
             .
          
           
             
             Cowcumber
             ,
             is
             a
             delicate
             ,
             pleasant
             ,
             yet
             very
             tender
             fruit
             ,
             and
             delighteth
             in
             an
             extraordinarie
             fat
             earth
             ,
             especially
             during
             the
             opening
             or
             sprouting
             of
             the
             séede
             ,
             therefore
             the
             best
             and
             most
             vndoubted
             safest
             way
             for
             sowing
             them
             ,
             is
             ,
             first
             in
             some
             corner
             of
             your
             Kitchin
             garden
             to
             make
             a
             bed
             of
             two
             or
             thrée
             yards
             square
             of
             olde
             Oxe
             dung
             ,
             and
             Horse
             dung
             mixt
             together
             ,
             and
             at
             least
             a
             yard
             or
             better
             high
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             then
             couer
             this
             bed
             of
             dung
             with
             the
             rich●st
             garden
             mould
             you
             haue
             ,
             better
             then
             halfe
             a
             foote
             thicke
             :
             then
             thereon
             place
             your
             séedes
             halfe
             a
             foote
             likewise
             
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             and
             be
             most
             sure
             that
             your
             séedes
             be
             hard
             and
             sound
             (
             for
             any
             softnesse
             in
             them
             sheweth
             rottennesse
             )
             then
             couer
             them
             foure
             fingers
             thicke
             with
             the
             like
             mould
             :
             then
             within
             seauen
             or
             eight
             dayes
             ,
             after
             you
             shall
             sée
             them
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             but
             in
             any
             wise
             let
             them
             continue
             still
             till
             the
             principall
             leaues
             be
             come
             forth
             ,
             and
             they
             begin
             to
             créepe
             out
             in
             length
             ,
             then
             with
             your
             hand
             griping
             the
             whole
             plant
             ,
             take
             it
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             with
             the
             earth
             and
             all
             ,
             and
             plant
             it
             in
             a
             bed
             new
             digged
             &
             trimmed
             for
             the
             purpose
             with
             a
             rich
             loose
             mould
             ,
             and
             so
             replant
             and
             remoue
             each
             roote
             seuerally
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             grow
             and
             bring
             forth
             in
             great
             plenty
             .
             Now
             by
             the
             way
             you
             must
             obserue
             ,
             that
             as
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             sowne
             your
             séedes
             you
             shall
             prouide
             a
             Mat
             ,
             Canuasse
             ,
             or
             other
             couering
             ,
             which
             being
             placed
             vpon
             stakes
             ouer
             the
             dung
             bed
             ,
             shall
             euery
             night
             after
             Sunne-set
             be
             spread
             ouer
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             not
             taken
             away
             till
             the
             Sunne
             be
             risen
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             for
             this
             will
             defend
             the
             séedes
             from
             frosts
             and
             other
             cold
             dewes
             which
             are
             very
             dangerous
             .
             Now
             if
             any
             demand
             why
             these
             séedes
             are
             thus
             sowne
             first
             on
             the
             bed
             of
             dung
             ,
             they
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             besides
             the
             warmth
             and
             fertility
             thereof
             ,
             that
             the
             séedes
             are
             so
             pleasant
             and
             tender
             ,
             that
             wormes
             and
             other
             créeping
             things
             in
             the
             earth
             will
             destroy
             them
             before
             they
             can
             sprout
             ,
             which
             this
             bed
             of
             dung
             preuenteth
             .
             The
             months
             most
             fit
             for
             sowing
             these
             séedes
             ,
             are
             Aprill
             ,
             May
             ,
             and
             Iune
             onely
             ,
             for
             other
             are
             much
             too
             colde
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             manner
             you
             may
             sowe
             any
             tender
             séede
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             Beanes
             of
             Egipt
             delight
             in
             a
             moyst
             watrish
             ground
             ,
             
             rather
             fertile
             then
             any
             way
             giuen
             to
             barrainnesse
             ,
             yet
             will
             plentifully
             enough
             prosper
             in
             any
             indifferent
             earth
             :
             they
             are
             rather
             to
             set
             then
             sowe
             ,
             because
             they
             must
             take
             strong
             roote
             ,
             and
             be
             fi●ed
             somewhat
             déepe
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             the
             moneth
             which
             is
             most
             proper
             for
             them
             ,
             is
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             Ianuary
             ,
             all
             February
             and
             the
             beginning
             of
             March
             onely
             .
          
           
             Skerrets
             are
             a
             delicate
             roote
             ,
             
             white
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             little
             differing
             in
             tast
             or
             excellencie
             from
             the
             Eringo
             .
             
             They
             delight
             in
             a
             rich
             mould
             ,
             moyst
             and
             well
             broken
             ,
             and
             must
             be
             set
             déepe
             in
             the
             earth
             :
             after
             they
             be
             a
             finger
             length
             aboue
             the
             ground
             they
             would
             be
             remoued
             ,
             and
             planted
             in
             a
             fresh
             mould
             ,
             which
             will
             preserue
             them
             from
             spéedie
             séeding
             ,
             for
             when
             they
             runne
             to
             séede
             ,
             they
             loose
             the
             vertue
             of
             their
             roote
             .
             The
             moneths
             fittest
             for
             the
             sowing
             of
             them
             ,
             is
             March
             ,
             Aprill
             ,
             and
             May
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             desire
             to
             haue
             them
             all
             Winter
             ,
             you
             may
             then
             sowe
             them
             it
             September
             and
             October
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             Sallet-hearbs
             ,
             and
             rootes
             of
             all
             natures
             ,
             of
             which
             kindes
             though
             there
             be
             diuers
             other
             ,
             yet
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             all
             are
             to
             be
             ordered
             in
             the
             manner
             of
             these
             before
             rehearsed
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             such
             as
             haue
             their
             vertues
             in
             the
             stalke
             or
             leaues
             ,
             like
             
               Spynage
               ,
               Sparagus
               ,
               Purslayn
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             those
             which
             cabbadge
             or
             knit
             together
             in
             hard
             lumps
             ,
             like
             
               Lettuce
               ,
               Colworts
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             and
             those
             whose
             goodnesse
             liues
             in
             their
             rootes
             ,
             like
             
               Raddish
               ,
               Carrets
               ,
               Skerrets
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             for
             a
             most
             necessarie
             obseruation
             ,
             euery
             Gardner
             ought
             to
             beare
             this
             rule
             in
             his
             memorie
             ,
             that
             all
             Pot-hearbs
             must
             be
             sowne
             thicke
             ,
             and
             but
             thinly
             couered
             ,
             as
             namely
             not
             aboue
             thrée
             fingers
             :
             all
             hearbs
             which
             cabbadge
             must
             be
             sowne
             thicke
             ,
             and
             déeper
             couered
             ,
             as
             a
             full
             handfull
             at
             least
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             remouing
             planted
             thinne
             ,
             and
             well
             fixt
             into
             the
             earth
             :
             and
             all
             rootes
             must
             be
             sowen
             thinne
             and
             déepe
             ,
             as
             almost
             a
             foote
             either
             let
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             or
             strewed
             in
             déepe
             furrowes
             ,
             digged
             and
             laide
             vp
             for
             the
             purpose
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             quantity
             of
             your
             séede
             must
             onely
             direct
             you
             :
             for
             if
             you
             haue
             occasion
             to
             sow
             hardly
             a
             handfull
             ,
             then
             you
             may
             set
             them
             one
             by
             one
             into
             the
             ground
             at
             your
             leasure
             ,
             but
             if
             you
             haue
             occasion
             to
             sowe
             many
             Pecks
             or
             halfe
             Pecks
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             turne
             vp
             your
             earth
             into
             déepe
             furrowes
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             bottome
             thereof
             scatter
             your
             séede
             ,
             and
             after
             rake
             it
             into
             a
             leuell
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             not
             onely
             saue
             much
             labour
             ,
             but
             gaine
             your
             purpose
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             Of
             Flowers
             of
             all
             sorts
             both
             forraigne
             and
             home-bred
             ,
             their
             sowing
             ,
             planting
             ,
             and
             preseruing
             .
          
           
             HAuing
             written
             sufficiently
             of
             Pot-hearbs
             and
             Sallet-hearbs
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             ornaments
             of
             the
             Husbandmans
             Kitchin
             or
             Table
             ,
             I
             will
             here
             speake
             of
             flowers
             ,
             which
             either
             for
             their
             smels
             ,
             beauties
             ,
             or
             both
             ,
             are
             the
             graces
             of
             his
             Chamber
             .
             And
             first
             ,
             because
             my
             maine
             ayme
             and
             scope
             is
             English
             Husbandrie
             ,
             I
             will
             begin
             with
             those
             flowers
             which
             are
             most
             proper
             and
             naturall
             for
             our
             climate
             ,
             of
             which
             because
             I
             holde
             Roses
             both
             for
             their
             smell
             ,
             beauties
             ,
             and
             wholesomnesse
             to
             excéede
             all
             other
             ,
             I
             thinke
             it
             not
             amisse
             to
             giue
             them
             the
             first
             place
             and
             precedencie
             before
             all
             other
             .
          
           
             You
             shall
             vnderstand
             then
             that
             Roses
             are
             generally
             and
             aunciently
             but
             of
             thrée
             kindes
             ,
             
             the
             Damaske
             ,
             the
             red
             ,
             and
             the
             white
             ,
             and
             what
             are
             different
             from
             these
             are
             but
             deriuations
             from
             them
             ,
             being
             by
             grafting
             ,
             replanting
             ,
             and
             phisicking
             ,
             somewhat
             altered
             either
             in
             colour
             ,
             smell
             ,
             or
             doublenesse
             of
             leafe
             .
          
           
             To
             speake
             then
             first
             of
             the
             Damaske
             Rose
             ,
             
             it
             is
             fit
             that
             all
             husbandmen
             know
             ,
             that
             Roses
             may
             as
             well
             be
             sowne
             from
             the
             séede
             ,
             as
             planted
             from
             the
             roote
             ,
             Syen
             ,
             or
             branch
             onely
             ,
             they
             are
             the
             slower
             in
             comming
             vp
             ,
             more
             tender
             to
             nourish
             ,
             and
             much
             longer
             in
             yéelding
             forth
             their
             flowers
             ,
             yet
             for
             satisfaction
             sake
             and
             where
             necessitie
             vrgeth
             ,
             if
             of
             force
             or
             pleasure
             you
             must
             sowe
             it
             from
             the
             séede
             ,
             you
             shall
             chuse
             a
             ruffish
             earth
             loose
             and
             well
             dunged
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             cast
             vp
             your
             beds
             high
             and
             narrow
             :
             the
             moneth
             which
             is
             fit
             for
             their
             sowing
             is
             September
             ,
             and
             they
             must
             be
             couered
             not
             aboue
             foure
             fingers
             déepe
             ,
             they
             must
             be
             defended
             well
             all
             the
             Winter
             from
             frosts
             and
             stormes
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             will
             beare
             their
             flowers
             plentifully
             all
             the
             next
             
             Spring
             following
             ;
             yet
             this
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             all
             Roses
             which
             rise
             from
             the
             séede
             simply
             ,
             their
             flowers
             will
             be
             single
             like
             the
             Eglantine
             ,
             or
             Cyphanie
             ,
             therefore
             after
             your
             plants
             are
             two
             yéeres
             olde
             ,
             you
             must
             graft
             one
             into
             another
             ,
             as
             you
             doe
             other
             fruit
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             make
             them
             double
             and
             thicke
             :
             also
             you
             must
             remember
             that
             those
             yellow
             small
             séedes
             which
             are
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Rose
             ,
             are
             not
             true
             Rose
             séedes
             ,
             but
             those
             which
             lye
             hid
             in
             the
             round
             peare
             knob
             vnder
             the
             Rose
             ,
             which
             as
             soone
             as
             the
             leaues
             are
             fallen
             away
             ,
             will
             open
             and
             shew
             the
             séede
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             sowing
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Roses
             ,
             which
             is
             for
             experience
             and
             knowledge
             sake
             onely
             ,
             for
             indéede
             the
             true
             vse
             and
             property
             of
             the
             Rose
             is
             to
             be
             planted
             in
             short
             slips
             about
             fourtéene
             inches
             long
             ,
             and
             the
             small
             tassels
             of
             the
             roote
             cut
             away
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             set
             halfe
             a
             foote
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             you
             set
             ordinary
             Quick-set
             ,
             and
             of
             like
             thicknesse
             ,
             rather
             a
             little
             slope-wise
             then
             vpright
             :
             and
             though
             some
             thinke
             March
             the
             best
             season
             ,
             yet
             doubtlesse
             September
             is
             much
             better
             for
             hauing
             the
             roote
             confirmed
             all
             the
             Winter
             ,
             they
             will
             beare
             the
             sooner
             and
             better
             all
             the
             Sommer
             following
             ;
             you
             must
             be
             carefull
             to
             plant
             them
             in
             faire
             weather
             ,
             and
             as
             néere
             as
             you
             can
             vnder
             shelter
             as
             by
             the
             sides
             of
             walls
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             couert
             where
             the
             Sunne
             may
             reflect
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             be
             planted
             on
             open
             beds
             or
             borders
             ,
             then
             you
             must
             with
             Poales
             and
             other
             necessaries
             support
             and
             hold
             them
             vp
             ,
             least
             the
             winde
             shake
             their
             rootes
             and
             hinder
             their
             growing
             .
          
           
             
             The
             red
             Rose
             is
             not
             fully
             so
             tender
             as
             the
             Damaske
             ,
             neither
             is
             it
             so
             pleasant
             in
             smell
             ,
             nor
             doubleth
             his
             leaues
             so
             often
             ;
             yet
             it
             is
             much
             more
             Phisicall
             ,
             and
             oftner
             vsed
             in
             medicine
             ,
             it
             is
             likewise
             fitter
             to
             be
             planted
             then
             sowen
             ,
             and
             the
             earth
             in
             which
             it
             most
             ioyeth
             would
             be
             a
             little
             rough
             or
             grauelly
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             compasse
             you
             can
             lay
             vnto
             it
             ,
             is
             rubbish
             or
             the
             sweeping
             of
             houses
             ,
             the
             moneths
             to
             sowe
             or
             plant
             it
             in
             is
             March
             or
             September
             ,
             &
             the
             time
             to
             prune
             and
             cut
             away
             the
             superfluous
             branches
             is
             euer
             the
             midst
             of
             October
             .
          
           
           
             The
             white
             Rose
             is
             of
             lesse
             smell
             then
             the
             red
             ,
             
             and
             will
             grow
             in
             a
             harder
             ground
             ,
             his
             vse
             is
             altogether
             in
             Phisicke
             as
             for
             sore
             eyes
             and
             such
             like
             :
             it
             will
             grow
             into
             a
             Trée
             of
             some
             bigge
             substance
             ,
             and
             is
             seldome
             hurt
             with
             frosts
             ,
             stormes
             ,
             or
             blastings
             :
             it
             would
             likewise
             be
             planted
             from
             the
             roote
             against
             some
             high
             wall
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             moneth
             of
             February
             or
             March
             ,
             and
             the
             oftner
             you
             plant
             and
             replant
             it
             ,
             the
             doubler
             and
             larger
             the
             flower
             will
             be
             :
             for
             the
             earth
             it
             much
             skilleth
             not
             ,
             because
             it
             will
             grow
             almost
             in
             euery
             ground
             ,
             onely
             it
             delights
             most
             in
             the
             shadow
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             seldome
             pruned
             ,
             except
             you
             finde
             many
             dead
             branches
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Cinamon
               Rose
            
             ,
             
             is
             for
             the
             most
             part
             sowen
             ,
             and
             not
             planted
             ,
             whence
             it
             comes
             that
             you
             shall
             euer
             sée
             the
             leaues
             single
             and
             little
             ,
             the
             delicacie
             thereof
             being
             onely
             in
             the
             smell
             ,
             which
             that
             you
             may
             haue
             most
             fragrant
             and
             strong
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             a
             vessell
             of
             earth
             ,
             being
             full
             of
             small
             holes
             in
             the
             bottome
             and
             sides
             ,
             and
             fill
             it
             with
             the
             richest
             earth
             you
             can
             get
             ,
             being
             made
             fine
             and
             loose
             ,
             then
             take
             Damaske
             Rose
             séedes
             which
             are
             hard
             ,
             and
             sound
             ,
             and
             steepe
             them
             foure
             and
             twenty
             houres
             in
             Cinamon
             water
             ,
             I
             doe
             not
             meane
             the
             distilled
             water
             ,
             but
             faire
             Conduit
             water
             ,
             in
             which
             good
             store
             of
             Cinamon
             hath
             bin
             stéeped
             ,
             or
             boyled
             ,
             or
             milk
             ,
             wherin
             good
             store
             of
             Cinamon
             hath
             bin
             dissolued
             ,
             and
             then
             sow
             those
             séedes
             into
             the
             Pot
             ,
             and
             couer
             them
             almost
             thrée
             fingers
             déepe
             ,
             then
             morning
             and
             euening
             till
             they
             appeare
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             water
             them
             with
             that
             water
             or
             milke
             in
             which
             the
             séedes
             were
             stéeped
             ,
             then
             when
             they
             are
             sprung
             vp
             a
             handfull
             or
             more
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             them
             vp
             mould
             and
             all
             ,
             and
             hauing
             drest
             a
             border
             or
             bed
             for
             the
             purpose
             ,
             plant
             them
             so
             as
             they
             may
             grow
             vp
             against
             some
             warme
             wall
             or
             pale
             ,
             and
             haue
             the
             Sunne
             most
             part
             of
             the
             day
             shining
             vpon
             them
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             be
             sure
             to
             haue
             Roses
             growing
             on
             them
             ,
             whose
             smell
             will
             be
             wonderfull
             pleasant
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             had
             béene
             spiced
             with
             Cinamon
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             season
             of
             sowing
             these
             is
             euer
             in
             March
             ,
             at
             high
             noone
             day
             ,
             the
             weather
             shining
             faire
             ,
             and
             the
             winde
             most
             calme
             .
          
           
           
             
             Now
             if
             you
             would
             haue
             these
             Roses
             to
             grow
             double
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             Act
             yet
             hid
             from
             most
             Gardners
             ,
             you
             shall
             〈◊〉
             Michaelmasse
             take
             the
             vppermost
             parts
             of
             the
             Plants
             from
             the
             first
             knot
             ,
             and
             as
             you
             graft
             either
             Plumme
             or
             Apple
             ,
             so
             graft
             one
             into
             another
             ,
             and
             couer
             the
             heads
             with
             earth
             or
             clay
             tempered
             with
             
             Cinamon-water
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             not
             onely
             grow
             double
             ,
             but
             the
             smell
             will
             be
             much
             swéeter
             ,
             and
             looke
             how
             oft
             you
             will
             graft
             and
             〈◊〉
             graft
             them
             ,
             so
             much
             more
             double
             and
             double
             they
             will
             proue
             .
          
           
             
             The
             
               Prouince
               Rose
            
             is
             a
             delicate
             flower
             for
             the
             eye
             more
             then
             the
             nose
             ,
             for
             his
             oft
             grafting
             abateth
             his
             smell
             ,
             but
             doubleth
             his
             leafe
             so
             oft
             that
             it
             is
             wonderfull
             ,
             therefore
             if
             you
             will
             haue
             them
             large
             and
             faire
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             the
             fairest
             Damaske
             Roses
             you
             can
             get
             ,
             and
             graft
             them
             into
             the
             red
             Rose
             ,
             and
             when
             they
             haue
             shot
             out
             many
             branches
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             graft
             each
             seuerall
             branch
             againe
             with
             new
             grafts
             of
             another
             grafted
             Damaske
             Rose
             and
             thus
             by
             grafting
             graft
             vpon
             graft
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             as
             faire
             and
             well
             coloured
             
               Prouince
               Roses
            
             ,
             as
             you
             can
             wish
             or
             desire
             :
             and
             thus
             you
             may
             doe
             either
             in
             the
             Spring
             or
             fall
             at
             your
             pleasure
             ,
             but
             the
             fall
             of
             the
             leafe
             is
             euer
             helde
             the
             best
             season
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             if
             your
             Roses
             chaunce
             to
             loose
             their
             smels
             ,
             as
             it
             all
             happeneth
             through
             these
             double
             graftings
             :
             you
             shall
             then
             plant
             Garlicke
             heads
             at
             the
             rootes
             of
             your
             Roses
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             bring
             the
             pleasantnesse
             of
             their
             sent
             vnto
             them
             againe
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             for
             your
             generall
             obseruations
             ,
             you
             shall
             remember
             that
             it
             is
             good
             to
             water
             your
             Roses
             morning
             and
             euening
             till
             they
             be
             gathered
             ;
             you
             shall
             rather
             couet
             to
             plant
             your
             Roses
             in
             a
             dry
             ground
             then
             a
             wette
             ;
             you
             shall
             giue
             them
             much
             shelter
             ,
             strong
             support
             ,
             and
             fresh
             dung
             twise
             at
             the
             least
             euery
             yeare
             ,
             when
             the
             leafe
             is
             fallen
             ,
             you
             shall
             cutte
             and
             prune
             the
             branches
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             buds
             appeare
             you
             ,
             then
             begin
             your
             first
             watring
             .
          
           
           
             Lauender
             is
             a
             flower
             of
             a
             hot
             smell
             ,
             
             and
             is
             more
             estéemed
             of
             the
             plaine
             Country
             housewife
             then
             the
             dainty
             Citizen
             :
             it
             is
             very
             wholesome
             amongst
             linnen
             cloathes
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             sowen
             in
             a
             good
             rich
             mould
             ,
             in
             the
             moneths
             of
             March
             or
             Aprill
             .
          
           
             The
             white
             Lilly
             would
             be
             s●wen
             in
             a
             fat
             earth
             ,
             
             in
             the
             moneths
             of
             October
             and
             Nouember
             ,
             or
             in
             March
             or
             April
             ,
             and
             the
             séedes
             must
             be
             sowen
             excéeding
             thinne
             ,
             not
             one
             by
             any
             meanes
             touching
             another
             ,
             and
             the
             mould
             which
             couereth
             them
             must
             be
             sifted
             gently
             vpon
             them
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             would
             haue
             your
             Lillyes
             of
             a
             purple
             colour
             ,
             
             you
             shall
             stéepe
             your
             féedes
             in
             the
             Lées
             of
             red
             wine
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             change
             their
             complexion
             ,
             and
             also
             you
             shall
             water
             the
             Plants
             with
             the
             same
             Lées
             likewise
             :
             if
             you
             will
             haue
             them
             scarlet
             red
             ,
             you
             shall
             put
             Vermillion
             or
             Cynaber
             betwéene
             the
             rinde
             and
             the
             small
             heads
             growing
             about
             the
             roote
             :
             if
             you
             would
             haue
             them
             blew
             ,
             you
             shall
             dissolue
             Azure
             or
             Byse
             betwéene
             the
             rinde
             and
             the
             heads
             ,
             if
             yellow
             Orpment
             ,
             if
             gréene
             Verdigreace
             ,
             and
             thus
             of
             any
             other
             colour
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             make
             them
             flourish
             euery
             moneth
             in
             the
             yéere
             ,
             
             you
             shall
             sowe
             your
             séedes
             some
             a
             foote
             déepe
             ,
             some
             halfe
             a
             foote
             ,
             and
             some
             not
             two
             inches
             ,
             so
             they
             will
             spring
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             and
             flourish
             one
             after
             another
             .
          
           
             The
             wood
             Lilly
             or
             Lilly
             of
             the
             vale
             ,
             
             delighteth
             most
             in
             a
             moyst
             ground
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             either
             in
             March
             or
             September
             ,
             it
             is
             very
             faire
             to
             looke
             on
             ,
             and
             not
             so
             suffocating
             in
             smell
             as
             the
             other
             Lillyes
             are
             .
          
           
             The
             
               flower
               de
               Lice
            
             is
             of
             excellent
             beauty
             ,
             
             but
             not
             very
             pleasant
             to
             smell
             to
             ,
             it
             loueth
             a
             dry
             ground
             &
             an
             easie
             mould
             ,
             and
             is
             fittest
             to
             be
             sowen
             in
             the
             moneth
             of
             March.
             
          
           
             Pyonie
             or
             the
             blessed
             Rose
             ,
             
             loueth
             a
             good
             fat
             earth
             being
             somewhat
             loose
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             either
             in
             March
             or
             September
             ,
             it
             asketh
             not
             much
             watring
             ,
             onely
             some
             support
             because
             the
             stalkes
             be
             weake
             .
          
           
             Petillius
             or
             
               Indian
               eye
            
             ,
             
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             any
             ground
             ,
             for
             it
             desireth
             neither
             much
             water
             ,
             nor
             much
             dung
             ,
             and
             
             the
             best
             season
             for
             sowing
             ,
             it
             is
             Iune
             or
             〈…〉
             it
             will
             beare
             flowers
             commonly
             all
             the
             Wint●r
             .
          
           
             
             
               Veluet
               flower
            
             loueth
             a
             rich
             fertile
             ground
             ,
             and
             must
             be
             much
             watred
             :
             the
             season
             best
             for
             the
             sowing
             is
             Aug●st
             ,
             〈◊〉
             commonly
             it
             will
             beare
             flowers
             all
             the
             Winter
             .
          
           
             
             Gilliflowers
             are
             of
             diuers
             kindes
             ,
             as
             
               Pynks
               ,
               Wall-flowers
               ,
               Carnations
               ,
               Cloue-Gilliflowers
               ,
            
             and
             a
             world
             of
             others
             ,
             which
             are
             of
             all
             other
             flowers
             most
             swéet
             and
             delicate●
             all
             but
             the
             Wall-gilliflower
             loue
             good
             fertile
             earths
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             either
             in
             March
             ,
             Iuly
             ,
             or
             August
             .
             They
             are
             better
             to
             be
             planted
             of
             Slips
             then
             sowen
             ,
             yet
             both
             will
             prosper
             .
             They
             are
             very
             tender
             ,
             and
             therfore
             the
             best
             planting
             of
             them
             is
             in
             earthen
             Pots
             ,
             or
             halfe
             Tubs
             ,
             which
             at
             your
             pleasure
             you
             may
             remoue
             from
             the
             shade
             to
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             roughnesse
             of
             stormes
             to
             places
             of
             shelter
             ,
             they
             grow
             vp
             high
             on
             long
             slender
             stalkes
             ,
             which
             you
             must
             defend
             and
             support
             with
             square
             cradles
             made
             of
             stickes
             ,
             least
             the
             winde
             and
             the
             waight
             of
             the
             flowers
             breake
             them
             :
             these
             Gilliflowers
             you
             may
             make
             of
             any
             colour
             you
             please
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             is
             shewed
             you
             for
             the
             colouring
             of
             Lillyes
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             please
             to
             haue
             them
             of
             mixt
             colours
             you
             may
             also
             ,
             
             by
             grafting
             of
             contrary
             colours
             one
             into
             another
             :
             and
             you
             may
             with
             as
             great
             ease
             graft
             the
             Gylliflower
             as
             any
             fruit
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             by
             the
             ioyning
             of
             the
             knots
             one
             into
             another
             ,
             and
             then
             wrapping
             them
             about
             with
             a
             little
             soft
             sleau'd
             silke
             ,
             and
             couering
             the
             place
             close
             with
             soft
             red
             Waxe
             well
             tempered
             .
             And
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             the
             grafting
             of
             Gylliflowers
             maketh
             them
             exceeding
             great
             ,
             double
             ,
             and
             most
             orient
             of
             colour
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             if
             you
             will
             haue
             your
             Gylliflowers
             of
             diuers
             smels
             or
             odours
             ,
             you
             may
             also
             with
             great
             ease
             ,
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             :
             if
             you
             will
             take
             two
             or
             thrée
             great
             cloues
             ,
             &
             stéepe
             them
             foure
             and
             twenty
             houres
             in
             Damaske
             Rose
             water
             ,
             then
             take
             them
             out
             and
             bruise
             them
             ,
             and
             put
             them
             into
             a
             fine
             Cambricke
             ragge
             ,
             and
             so
             binde
             them
             about
             the
             heart
             roote
             of
             the
             Gylliflower
             ,
             néere
             to
             the
             setting
             on
             of
             the
             stalke
             ,
             and
             so
             plant
             it
             in
             a
             fine
             ,
             soft
             ,
             and
             fertile
             mould
             ,
             and
             the
             
             flower
             which
             springeth
             from
             the
             same
             ,
             will
             haue
             so
             delicate
             a
             mixt
             smell
             of
             the
             Cloue
             and
             the
             Rose-water
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             bréede
             both
             delight
             and
             wonder
             .
             If
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             you
             take
             a
             sticke
             of
             Cinamon
             ,
             and
             stéepe
             it
             in
             Rose
             water
             ,
             and
             then
             ●ruise
             it
             ,
             and
             binde
             it
             as
             afore-said
             ,
             all
             the
             flowers
             will
             smell
             strongly
             of
             Cinamon
             :
             if
             you
             take
             two
             graines
             of
             fat
             Muske
             ,
             and
             mixe
             it
             with
             two
             drops
             of
             Damaske
             Rose
             water
             ,
             and
             binde
             it
             as
             afore-said
             ,
             the
             flowers
             will
             smell
             strongly
             of
             Muske
             ,
             yet
             not
             too
             hot
             nor
             offensiue
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             correction
             of
             the
             Rose
             water
             :
             and
             in
             this
             sort
             you
             may
             doe
             either
             with
             
               Amber-greece
               ,
               Storax
               ,
               Beniamin
            
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             swéet
             drugge
             whatsoeuer
             ;
             and
             if
             in
             any
             of
             these
             confections
             before
             named
             ,
             you
             stéepe
             the
             séedes
             of
             your
             Gylliflowers
             foure
             and
             twenty
             houres
             before
             you
             sowe
             them
             ,
             they
             will
             take
             the
             same
             smels
             in
             which
             you
             stéepe
             them
             ,
             onely
             they
             will
             not
             be
             so
             large
             or
             double
             ,
             as
             those
             which
             are
             replanted
             or
             grafted
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             your
             Wall-Gylliflower
             ,
             
             it
             delighteth
             in
             hard
             rubbish
             ,
             limy
             ,
             and
             stonie
             grounds
             ,
             whence
             it
             commeth
             that
             they
             couet
             most
             to
             grow
             vpon
             walles
             ,
             pauements
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             barraine
             places
             .
             It
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             any
             moneth
             or
             season
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             séede
             of
             that
             hardnesse
             ,
             that
             it
             makes
             no
             difference
             betwixt
             Winter
             and
             Sommer
             ,
             but
             will
             flourish
             in
             both
             equally
             ,
             and
             beareth
             his
             flowers
             all
             the
             yéere
             ,
             whence
             it
             comes
             that
             the
             Husbandman
             preserues
             it
             most
             in
             his
             Bée-garden
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             wondrous
             swéet
             ,
             and
             affordeth
             much
             honey
             .
             It
             would
             be
             sowen
             in
             very
             small
             quantity
             ,
             for
             after
             it
             haue
             once
             taken
             roote
             ,
             it
             will
             naturally
             of
             it selfe
             ouer-spread
             much
             ground
             ,
             and
             hardly
             e●er
             after
             be
             rooted
             out
             .
             It
             is
             of
             it selfe
             of
             so
             excéeding
             a
             strong
             and
             swéet
             smell
             ,
             that
             it
             cannot
             be
             forced
             to
             take
             any
             other
             ,
             and
             therefore
             is
             euer
             preserued
             in
             its
             owne
             nature
             .
          
           
             The
             Helytropian
             or
             flower
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             
             is
             in
             nature
             and
             colour
             like
             our
             English
             Marigold
             ,
             onely
             it
             is
             excéeding
             huge
             in
             compasse
             ,
             for
             many
             of
             them
             will
             be
             twenty
             ,
             and
             foure
             and
             twenty
             inches
             in
             compasse
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             fertilenesse
             of
             the
             soyle
             in
             which
             they
             grow
             ,
             and
             the
             oft
             replanting
             
             of
             their
             rootes
             ,
             they
             are
             excéeding
             〈…〉
             on
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             to
             smell
             ,
             they
             open
             their
             flowers
             at
             the
             rising
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             and
             close
             them
             againe
             at
             the
             〈◊〉
             setting
             ,
             it
             delighteth
             in
             any
             soyle
             which
             is
             fertile
             〈◊〉
             by
             Art
             or
             Nature
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowen
             in
             any
             〈◊〉
             from
             February
             till
             September
             ,
             the
             oft
             planting
             〈◊〉
             replanting
             of
             the
             roote
             after
             it
             is
             sprung
             a
             handfull
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             maketh
             it
             grow
             to
             the
             vttermost
             bignesse
             ,
             it
             would
             haue
             the
             East
             and
             West
             open
             vpon
             it
             ,
             onely
             〈◊〉
             small
             Pent-house
             to
             kéepe
             the
             sharpnesse
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             from
             it
             .
          
           
             
             The
             
               Crowne
               Emperiall
            
             ,
             is
             of
             all
             flowers
             both
             Foraigne
             and
             home-bred
             ,
             the
             delicatest
             and
             strangest
             :
             it
             hath
             the
             true
             shape
             of
             an
             Emperiall
             Crowne
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             of
             diuers
             colours
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Art
             of
             the
             ●ar●ner
             .
             In
             the
             middest
             of
             the
             flower
             you
             shall
             sée
             a
             〈◊〉
             Pearle
             stand
             ,
             in
             proportion
             ,
             colour
             ,
             and
             orientnesse
             ,
             li●●
             a
             true
             naturall
             Pearle
             ,
             onely
             it
             is
             of
             a
             soft
             liquid
             substance
             :
             This
             Pearle
             if
             you
             shake
             the
             flower
             neuer
             so
             violently
             will
             not
             fall
             off
             ,
             neither
             if
             you
             let
             it
             continue
             neuer
             so
             long
             ,
             will
             it
             either
             encrease
             or
             diminish
             in
             ●he
             bignesse
             ,
             but
             remayneth
             all
             one
             :
             yet
             if
             with
             your
             finger
             you
             take
             and
             wipe
             it
             away
             ,
             in
             lesse
             then
             an
             h●●re
             after
             you
             shall
             haue
             another
             arise
             in
             the
             same
             place
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             same
             bignesse
             .
             This
             Pearle
             if
             you
             taste
             it
             vpon
             your
             tongue
             ,
             is
             pleasant
             and
             swéet
             like
             honey
             :
             this
             flower
             when
             the
             Sunne
             ariseth
             ,
             you
             shall
             sée
             it
             looke
             directly
             to
             the
             East
             ,
             with
             the
             stalke
             bent
             lowe
             there-vnto
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             Sunne
             ariseth
             higher
             and
             higher
             ,
             so
             the
             flower
             will
             likewise
             ascend
             ,
             and
             when
             the
             Sunne
             is
             come
             into
             the
             Meridian
             or
             noone
             poynt
             ,
             which
             is
             directly
             ouer
             it
             ,
             then
             will
             it
             stand
             vpright
             vpon
             the
             stalke
             ,
             and
             looke
             directly
             vpward
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             Sunne
             declineth
             ,
             so
             will
             it
             likewise
             decline
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             Sunne
             setting
             looke
             directly
             to
             the
             West
             onely
             .
             The
             séedes
             of
             this
             flower
             are
             very
             tender
             ,
             and
             therefore
             would
             be
             carefully
             sowen
             in
             a
             very
             rich
             and
             fertile
             earth
             well
             broken
             and
             manured
             .
             The
             seasons
             
             most
             méete
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             is
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             March
             ,
             Aprill
             ,
             or
             May
             ,
             for
             the
             flowers
             flourish
             most
             in
             May
             ,
             Iune
             ,
             and
             Iuly
             .
             As
             soone
             as
             it
             is
             sprung
             a
             handfull
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ;
             you
             shall
             remoue
             it
             into
             a
             fr●sh
             mould
             ,
             and
             that
             will
             make
             it
             flourish
             the
             brauer
             :
             the
             roote
             of
             this
             flower
             is
             like
             an
             Apple
             ,
             or
             great
             flat
             Onion
             ,
             and
             therefore
             in
             the
             replanting
             of
             it
             ,
             you
             must
             be
             carefull
             to
             make
             a
             hole
             large
             and
             fitte
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             to
             fire
             the
             mould
             gently
             and
             close
             about
             the
             same
             .
             In
             the
             Winter
             it
             shrinketh
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             is
             hardly
             or
             not
             at
             all
             discerned
             ,
             by
             meanes
             whereof
             I
             haue
             seene
             diuers
             supposing
             it
             to
             be
             dead
             ,
             to
             digge
             vp
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             negligently
             spoyle
             the
             roote
             ,
             but
             be
             not
             you
             of
             that
             opinion
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Spring
             you
             shall
             sée
             it
             arise
             and
             flourish
             brauely
             .
          
           
             The
             Dulippo
             is
             but
             a
             little
             short
             of
             the
             
               Crowne
               Emperiall
            
             in
             pleasantnesse
             and
             rarenesse
             ,
             
             for
             you
             may
             haue
             them
             of
             all
             colours
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             was
             shewed
             you
             for
             the
             
               Lillyes
               ,
               Gylliflowers
            
             ,
             and
             other
             rootes
             :
             they
             are
             tender
             at
             their
             first
             springing
             from
             the
             séede
             ,
             and
             therefore
             must
             be
             sowen
             in
             a
             fine
             rich
             mould
             ,
             in
             the
             warmth
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             either
             in
             March
             ,
             Aprill
             ,
             or
             May
             :
             but
             after
             they
             are
             once
             sprung
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             they
             are
             reasonable
             hard
             ,
             and
             will
             defend
             themselues
             against
             most
             weathers
             :
             the
             roote
             of
             this
             flower
             is
             shaped
             like
             a
             Peare
             ,
             with
             the
             biggest
             end
             downeward
             ,
             and
             many
             small
             thréeds
             at
             the
             bottome
             ;
             therefore
             you
             must
             be
             sure
             when
             you
             remooue
             or
             replant
             it
             ,
             to
             couer
             all
             the
             roote
             in
             fresh
             mould
             ,
             and
             let
             not
             any
             part
             of
             the
             white
             thereof
             be
             vncouered
             :
             this
             flower
             by
             monethly
             replanting
             ,
             you
             may
             haue
             to
             flourish
             in
             all
             the
             Summer
             moneths
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             for
             in
             the
             dead
             of
             Winter
             it
             shrinketh
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             is
             hardly
             or
             not
             at
             all
             perceiued
             ,
             the
             stalkes
             of
             these
             flowers
             are
             weake
             ,
             therefore
             to
             support
             them
             ,
             and
             defend
             them
             from
             the
             shakings
             of
             the
             windes
             with
             
             little
             square
             frames
             of
             stickes
             ,
             will
             be
             very
             good
             〈◊〉
             ●●cessary
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             oft
             watred
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Hyacinth
             is
             a
             flower
             more
             delicate
             to
             the
             eye
             then
             nose
             ,
             and
             is
             of
             a
             good
             strong
             nature
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             ●ndure
             any
             reasonable
             earth
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             any
             ●●neth
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             February
             till
             midde
             Iune
             :
             it
             onely
             hateth
             tempests
             and
             stormes
             ,
             and
             therefore
             is
             commonly
             sowen
             or
             planted
             néere
             vnto
             walls
             or
             other
             shelter
             .
             You
             may
             haue
             them
             of
             any
             colour
             you
             please
             ,
             as
             is
             shewed
             before
             of
             other
             flowers
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             alteration
             or
             mixture
             of
             colours
             their
             greatest
             glorie
             appeareth
             ,
             they
             will
             flourish
             all
             the
             Summer
             long
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             stand
             warme
             ,
             appeare
             very
             early
             in
             the
             Spring
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Narcissus
             is
             a
             very
             curious
             and
             dainty
             flower
             ,
             and
             through
             his
             much
             variety
             and
             alteration
             in
             growing
             ,
             they
             are
             supposed
             to
             be
             of
             diuers
             kindes
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             not
             so
             ;
             for
             in
             as
             much
             as
             they
             are
             séene
             to
             be
             of
             diuers
             colours
             ,
             that
             is
             but
             the
             Art
             of
             the
             Gardner
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             exprest
             in
             other
             flowers
             ,
             and
             whereas
             some
             of
             them
             grow
             single
             ,
             some
             double
             ,
             and
             some
             double
             vpon
             double
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             such
             as
             grow
             single
             ,
             grow
             simply
             from
             the
             seede
             onely
             ,
             those
             which
             are
             double
             and
             no
             more
             ,
             are
             such
             as
             haue
             béene
             planted
             and
             replanted
             ,
             the
             small
             thréeds
             of
             the
             rootes
             being
             clipt
             away
             ,
             and
             nothing
             left
             about
             it
             that
             is
             superfluous
             ,
             and
             those
             which
             are
             double
             vpon
             double
             ,
             are
             the
             double
             plants
             grafted
             one
             into
             another
             .
             This
             Narcissus
             loueth
             a
             rich
             warme
             soyle
             ,
             the
             mould
             being
             easie
             and
             light
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             sowne
             in
             any
             moneth
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             and
             will
             flourish
             all
             the
             Summer
             after
             .
             Before
             it
             appeare
             aboue
             ground
             it
             would
             be
             oft
             watred
             ,
             but
             after
             it
             sa●●s
             not
             how
             little
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             defend
             it selfe
             sufficiently
             .
          
           
             
             Not
             vnlike
             vnto
             this
             is
             your
             Daffadill
             of
             all
             kindes
             and
             colours
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             same
             earths
             and
             seasons
             delighteth
             either
             to
             be
             sowen
             or
             planted
             ,
             and
             will
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             your
             Narcissus
             double
             and
             redouble
             his
             leaues
             ;
             so
             will
             your
             Colombine
             ,
             your
             Chesbole
             ,
             and
             almost
             any
             hollow
             flower
             whatsoeuer
             .
             Many
             other
             forraigne
             flowers
             there
             
             are
             which
             grow
             plentifully
             in
             our
             Kingdome
             :
             but
             the
             order
             of
             their
             planting
             and
             sowing
             differeth
             nothing
             from
             these
             which
             I
             haue
             already
             declared
             ,
             being
             the
             most
             tender
             and
             curious
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             
             therefore
             I
             will
             end
             this
             Chapter
             with
             this
             one
             caution
             onely
             ,
             that
             when
             you
             shall
             receiue
             any
             séede
             from
             any
             forraine
             Nation
             ,
             you
             shall
             learne
             as
             néere
             as
             you
             can
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             soyle
             from
             whence
             it
             commeth
             ,
             as
             hot
             ,
             moyst
             ,
             colde
             ,
             or
             dry
             it
             is
             ,
             and
             then
             comparing
             it
             with
             ours
             ,
             sowe
             it
             as
             néere
             as
             you
             can
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             seasons
             that
             are
             néerest
             to
             the
             soyle
             from
             whence
             it
             came
             ,
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             :
             if
             it
             came
             from
             a
             clime
             much
             hotter
             then
             ours
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             sowe
             it
             in
             sandie
             mould
             or
             other
             mould
             made
             warme
             by
             strength
             of
             meanure
             ,
             in
             the
             warmest
             time
             of
             the
             day
             ,
             and
             in
             those
             moneths
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             which
             are
             warmest
             ,
             as
             Aprill
             or
             May
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             it
             haue
             the
             Sunne
             fréely
             all
             the
             day
             and
             at
             night
             ,
             with
             Mats
             ,
             Penthouse
             ,
             or
             other
             defence
             shield
             it
             from
             sharpe
             windes
             ,
             frosts
             ,
             or
             colde
             dewes
             .
          
           
             I
             haue
             séene
             diuers
             Noblemen
             and
             Gentlemen
             ,
             
             which
             haue
             béene
             very
             curious
             in
             these
             dainty
             flowers
             ,
             which
             haue
             made
             large
             frames
             of
             wood
             with
             boards
             of
             twenty
             inches
             déepe
             ,
             standing
             vpon
             little
             round
             whéeles
             of
             wood
             ,
             which
             being
             made
             square
             or
             round
             according
             to
             the
             Masters
             fancie
             ,
             they
             haue
             filled
             with
             choyse
             earth
             ,
             such
             as
             is
             most
             proper
             to
             the
             flower
             they
             would
             haue
             grow
             ,
             and
             then
             in
             them
             sowe
             their
             séedes
             ,
             or
             fixe
             their
             Plants
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             as
             hath
             béene
             before
             described
             ,
             and
             so
             placing
             them
             in
             such
             open
             places
             of
             the
             Garden
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             haue
             the
             strength
             and
             violence
             of
             the
             Sunnes
             heate
             all
             the
             day
             ,
             and
             the
             comfort
             of
             such
             moderate
             showers
             ,
             as
             fall
             without
             violence
             or
             extraordinarie
             beating
             ,
             and
             at
             night
             draw
             them
             by
             mans
             strength
             into
             some
             low
             vaulted
             gallery
             ioyning
             vpon
             the
             Garden
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             stand
             warme
             and
             safe
             from
             stormes
             ,
             windes
             ,
             frosts
             ,
             dewes
             ,
             blastings
             ,
             and
             other
             mischiefes
             which
             euer
             happen
             in
             the
             Sunnes
             absence
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             manner
             you
             may
             not
             onely
             haue
             all
             manner
             of
             dainty
             outlandish
             flowers
             ,
             but
             also
             all
             sorts
             of
             
             the
             most
             delicatest
             fruits
             that
             may
             be
             ,
             as
             the
             
               Orenge
               ,
               Limond
               ,
               Pomgranate
               ,
               Poncythron
               ,
               Cynamon-tree
               ,
               Oliue
               ,
               Almond
               ,
            
             or
             any
             other
             ,
             from
             what
             clime
             so
             euer
             it
             be
             deriued
             ,
             obseruing
             onely
             but
             to
             make
             your
             frames
             of
             wood
             ,
             which
             containes
             your
             earth
             ,
             but
             déeper
             and
             larger
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             fruit
             you
             plant
             in
             it
             ,
             and
             that
             your
             Alleys
             through
             which
             you
             draw
             your
             Trées
             when
             you
             house
             them
             be
             smooth
             and
             leuell
             ,
             least
             being
             rough
             and
             vneuen
             ,
             you
             iogge
             and
             shake
             the
             rootes
             with
             the
             waight
             of
             the
             Trées
             ,
             which
             is
             dangerous
             .
             And
             least
             any
             man
             may
             imagine
             this
             but
             an
             imaginary
             supposition
             ,
             I
             can
             assure
             him
             that
             within
             seauen
             miles
             of
             London
             ,
             the
             experiment
             is
             to
             be
             séene
             ,
             where
             all
             these
             fruits
             and
             flowers
             with
             a
             world
             of
             others
             grow
             in
             two
             Gardens
             most
             abundantly
             .
             Now
             for
             such
             flowers
             or
             fruits
             as
             shall
             be
             brought
             from
             a
             colder
             or
             more
             barraine
             ground
             then
             our
             owne
             ,
             there
             néedeth
             not
             much
             curiosity
             in
             the
             plantation
             of
             them
             ,
             because
             a
             better
             euer
             bringeth
             forth
             a
             better
             encrease
             ,
             onely
             I
             would
             wish
             you
             to
             obserue
             ,
             to
             giue
             all
             such
             fruits
             or
             flowers
             the
             vttermost
             liberty
             of
             the
             weather
             ,
             &
             rather
             to
             adde
             coolenes
             by
             shaddow
             ,
             then
             encrease
             any
             warmth
             by
             reflection
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             augment
             showers
             by
             artificiall
             watrings
             ,
             rather
             then
             to
             let
             the
             roote
             dry
             for
             want
             of
             continuall
             moysture
             ;
             many
             other
             notes
             and
             obseruations
             there
             are
             ,
             which
             to
             discouer
             ,
             would
             aske
             a
             volume
             larger
             then
             I
             intend
             ,
             and
             yet
             not
             be
             more
             in
             true
             substance
             ,
             then
             this
             which
             is
             already
             writ
             ,
             if
             the
             Reader
             haue
             but
             so
             much
             mother-wit
             ,
             as
             by
             comparing
             things
             together
             ,
             to
             draw
             the
             vses
             from
             the
             true
             reasons
             ,
             and
             to
             shunne
             contrary
             by
             contraries
             ,
             which
             what
             Husbandman
             is
             so
             simple
             ,
             but
             he
             can
             easily
             performe
             ,
             and
             hauing
             the
             true
             grounds
             of
             experience
             ,
             frame
             his
             descant
             according
             to
             his
             owne
             fancie
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Musicke
             best
             pleasing
             to
             all
             men
             ,
             since
             it
             is
             not
             in
             any
             one
             mans
             power
             to
             giue
             a
             generall
             contentment
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             flowers
             ,
             and
             their
             generall
             and
             particular
             ordering
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             How
             to
             preserue
             all
             manner
             of
             seedes
             ,
             hearbs
             ,
             flowers
             ,
             and
             fruits
             ,
             from
             all
             manner
             of
             noysome
             and
             pestilent
             things
             which
             deuoure
             and
             hurt
             them
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             not
             enough
             to
             bequeath
             and
             giue
             your
             séedes
             vnto
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             then
             immediatly
             to
             expect
             (
             without
             any
             further
             industrie
             )
             the
             fruit
             of
             your
             labours
             ,
             no
             goodnesse
             seldome
             commeth
             with
             such
             ease
             :
             you
             must
             therefore
             know
             that
             when
             you
             lay
             your
             séedes
             in
             the
             ground
             ,
             they
             are
             like
             so
             many
             good
             men
             amongst
             a
             world
             of
             wicked
             ones
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             inuironed
             and
             begirt
             with
             maine
             Armies
             of
             enemies
             ,
             from
             which
             if
             your
             care
             and
             diligence
             doe
             not
             defend
             them
             the
             most
             ,
             if
             not
             all
             ,
             will
             doubtlesse
             perish
             ,
             and
             of
             these
             enemies
             the
             worst
             and
             most
             violentest
             is
             Thunder
             and
             Lightning
             ,
             
             which
             in
             a
             moment
             killeth
             all
             sorts
             of
             flowers
             ,
             plants
             ,
             and
             trées
             ,
             euen
             in
             the
             height
             and
             pride
             of
             their
             flourishing
             ,
             which
             to
             preuent
             ,
             it
             hath
             béene
             the
             practise
             of
             all
             the
             auncient
             Gardners
             ,
             to
             plant
             against
             the
             walles
             of
             their
             Gardens
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             middest
             of
             their
             quarters
             ,
             where
             their
             choysest
             flowers
             grow
             ,
             the
             Lawrell
             or
             Bay
             Trée
             ,
             which
             is
             euer
             helde
             a
             defence
             against
             those
             strikings
             .
          
           
             Next
             vnto
             Thunder
             and
             Lightning
             are
             Caterpillers
             ,
             
             which
             are
             a
             kinde
             of
             filthy
             little
             wormes
             ,
             which
             lye
             in
             Cobwebs
             about
             the
             leaues
             ,
             deuouring
             them
             ,
             and
             poysoning
             the
             sap
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             the
             Plant
             dieth
             spéedily
             after
             :
             the
             way
             to
             kill
             these
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             strong
             Urine
             and
             Ashes
             mixt
             together
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             to
             dash
             and
             sprinkle
             all
             the
             Plants
             cleane
             ouer
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             both
             preuent
             their
             bréeding
             ,
             or
             being
             bred
             will
             kill
             them
             :
             the
             smoake
             of
             Brimstone
             will
             doe
             the
             like
             ,
             yet
             if
             they
             be
             excéeding
             much
             abundant
             ,
             the
             surest
             way
             to
             destroy
             them
             ,
             is
             to
             take
             olde
             ,
             rotten
             ,
             
             mouldy
             Hay
             ,
             and
             setting
             it
             on
             fire
             ,
             with
             the
             blaze
             thereof
             burne
             the
             Cob-webs
             ,
             and
             then
             with
             the
             smoake
             smother
             and
             kill
             the
             wormes
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             hardly
             euer
             bréede
             in
             that
             place
             againe
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             these
             are
             Toades
             and
             Frogges
             ,
             which
             are
             very
             poysonous
             and
             great
             destroyers
             of
             young
             Plants
             ,
             chiefly
             in
             their
             first
             appearing
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             the
             auncient
             Gardners
             haue
             vsed
             to
             destroy
             them
             by
             burning
             the
             fat
             of
             a
             Stagge
             in
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Garden
             beds
             ,
             from
             which
             earth
             all
             creatures
             that
             haue
             poyson
             in
             them
             ,
             will
             flye
             with
             all
             violence
             :
             other
             Gardners
             will
             watch
             where
             the
             Kite
             pearcheth
             on
             nights
             ,
             and
             gathering
             vp
             her
             dung
             ,
             scatter
             it
             vpon
             the
             beds
             either
             simply
             ,
             or
             mixt
             with
             the
             shauings
             of
             an
             olde
             Harts
             horne
             ,
             and
             no
             venemous
             thing
             will
             come
             néere
             it
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             these
             are
             field
             Myce
             ,
             which
             will
             roote
             séedes
             out
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             deuoure
             them
             aboundantly
             ,
             which
             to
             kill
             you
             shall
             take
             
               Henbane
               seede
            
             ,
             and
             beate
             it
             to
             pouder
             ,
             and
             then
             mixing
             it
             with
             swéet
             Oyle
             ,
             fresh
             Butter
             ,
             or
             Grease
             ,
             make
             thereof
             a
             bayte
             ;
             and
             when
             you
             finde
             where
             they
             scratch
             or
             roote
             ,
             lay
             some
             part
             of
             the
             bayte
             in
             that
             place
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             gréedily
             eate
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             kill
             them
             :
             there
             be
             other
             Gardners
             which
             will
             take
             a
             Wéesell
             ,
             and
             burning
             it
             to
             ashes
             ,
             scatter
             the
             ashes
             on
             the
             beds
             ,
             and
             then
             no
             field
             Mouse
             will
             come
             néere
             them
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             these
             are
             Flyes
             ,
             as
             flesh
             -
             
               Flyes
               ,
               Scarabs
               ,
               Hornets
               Dores
               ,
            
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             which
             are
             great
             destroyers
             of
             Séeds
             and
             Plants
             ,
             when
             they
             appeare
             in
             their
             first
             leafe
             ,
             and
             are
             soft
             and
             tender
             ,
             which
             to
             destroy
             ,
             you
             shall
             either
             take
             Orpment
             mixt
             with
             milke
             ,
             or
             the
             pouder
             of
             Allome
             ,
             or
             the
             ashes
             of
             any
             of
             these
             Flyes
             burnt
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             sprinkle
             your
             beds
             and
             young
             plants
             all
             ouer
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             kéepe
             Flyes
             that
             they
             will
             not
             dare
             to
             come
             néere
             them
             .
          
           
             
             If
             the
             gréene
             Fly
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             other
             Flyes
             is
             most
             gréedie
             to
             hurt
             Séedes
             and
             Plants
             ,
             doe
             offend
             your
             Garden
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             Henbane
             leaues
             ,
             Houseleeke
             ,
             and
             Mints
             ,
             and
             beat
             them
             in
             a
             Morter
             ,
             then
             straine
             forth
             the
             iuyce
             ,
             
             and
             then
             adde
             thereto
             as
             much
             Uinegar
             as
             was
             of
             all
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             there●with
             sprinkle
             your
             beds
             all
             ouer
             ,
             and
             the
             gréene
             Fly
             will
             neuer
             come
             néere
             them
             .
             Some
             hold
             opinion
             ,
             that
             if
             you
             plant
             the
             hearbe
             Rocket
             in
             your
             Garden
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             a
             safe
             preseruatiue
             against
             these
             gr●eacute
             ;
             ene
             Flyes
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             most
             certaine
             that
             the
             very
             smell
             thereof
             will
             kill
             these
             ,
             and
             most
             sorts
             of
             all
             other
             Flyes
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             as
             hath
             béene
             found
             by
             approued
             experience
             ,
             and
             the
             sylts
             of
             olde
             auncient
             Abby
             Gardens
             ,
             which
             a
             man
             shall
             seldome
             finde
             without
             this
             hearbe
             planted
             in
             them
             .
          
           
             Next
             these
             are
             Gnats
             ,
             
             which
             although
             it
             be
             the
             smallest
             of
             all
             Flyes
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             the
             greatest
             ,
             quickest
             ,
             and
             sharpest
             deuourer
             of
             tender
             Plants
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             for
             it
             biteth
             déeper
             and
             more
             venemously
             sharpe
             ,
             then
             those
             which
             are
             of
             much
             bigger
             substance
             :
             the
             best
             way
             to
             destroy
             them
             is
             morning
             and
             euening
             ,
             to
             smoake
             and
             perfume
             your
             beds
             either
             with
             wet
             Rosemary
             ,
             or
             with
             mouldy
             Hay
             :
             some
             vse
             to
             burne
             Calamint
             ,
             and
             some
             Oxe
             dung
             ,
             and
             sure
             all
             are
             very
             good
             ,
             for
             the
             smoakes
             are
             very
             sharpe
             ,
             and
             styflle
             as
             soone
             as
             it
             is
             receiued
             .
          
           
             Next
             these
             are
             Pismyers
             ,
             
             which
             also
             are
             very
             noysome
             vnto
             Gardens
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             digge
             vp
             ,
             and
             carrie
             away
             the
             smaller
             séedes
             to
             their
             hills
             ,
             and
             in
             shrot
             space
             spoyle
             and
             deface
             a
             bed
             of
             his
             encrease
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             way
             to
             destroy
             them
             ,
             is
             ,
             if
             you
             finde
             their
             hill
             ,
             to
             poure
             hot
             scalding
             water
             vpon
             them
             :
             or
             if
             vpon
             your
             Garden
             beds
             you
             strowe
             Ashes
             or
             Lyme
             ,
             but
             especially
             that
             which
             is
             made
             of
             chalk
             ,
             they
             will
             by
             no
             meanes
             come
             néere
             them
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             finde
             by
             experience
             .
          
           
             Next
             these
             are
             Moales
             ,
             
             which
             digging
             and
             vndermining
             the
             earth
             ,
             turneth
             vp
             Séedes
             and
             Plants
             in
             a
             confused
             fashion
             ,
             to
             the
             vtter
             destruction
             and
             ruine
             of
             the
             Husband-mans
             labour
             ,
             the
             cure
             whereof
             is
             to
             take
             them
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             shewed
             in
             this
             Booke
             ,
             where
             I
             speake
             of
             Pasture
             grounds
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             finde
             that
             their
             encrease
             and
             continuance
             multiply
             with
             your
             labour
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             then
             good
             for
             you
             to
             plant
             in
             diuers
             places
             of
             your
             Garden
             
             the
             hearbe
             called
             
               Palma
               Christi
            
             ,
             in
             other
             places
             Garlicke●
             and
             in
             other
             places
             Onyons
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             an
             assured
             rule
             that
             no
             Moale
             will
             come
             néere
             where
             they
             grow
             for
             the
             strength
             and
             violence
             of
             their
             smell
             ,
             is
             poysonous
             and
             deadly
             to
             those
             blinde
             vermines
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             these
             are
             Snailes
             of
             both
             kindes
             ,
             blacke
             and
             white
             ,
             which
             are
             as
             much
             offensiue
             to
             Gardens
             ,
             as
             any
             other
             crawling
             thing
             ,
             for
             they
             féed
             of
             the
             tender
             leaues
             of
             plants
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             outmost
             rindes
             of
             the
             daintiest
             hearbs
             or
             flowers
             ,
             the
             way
             to
             destroy
             them
             ,
             is
             to
             sprinkle
             vpon
             the
             beds
             and
             other
             places
             of
             their
             aboad
             good
             store
             of
             chimney
             soote
             ,
             which
             by
             no
             meanes
             they
             can
             endure
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             mortall
             and
             poysonous
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             these
             are
             Moathes
             or
             Moaghts
             ,
             which
             are
             very
             pernitious
             in
             a
             Garden
             ,
             for
             they
             destroy
             both
             Séeds
             and
             Plants
             ,
             and
             there
             is
             no
             better
             or
             more
             certaine
             way
             to
             kill
             them
             ,
             then
             by
             taking
             olde
             horse
             hoofes
             ,
             and
             burning
             them
             ,
             with
             the
             smoake
             thereof
             to
             perfume
             all
             the
             places
             where
             they
             abide
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             in
             an
             instant
             kill
             them
             ;
             with
             this
             smoake
             onely
             you
             may
             kéepe
             Arras
             hanging
             ,
             Tapistrie
             ,
             Néedle-worke
             ,
             Cushions
             ,
             or
             Carpets
             ,
             or
             any
             woollen
             cloath
             or
             garment
             whatsoeuer
             safe
             from
             Moathes
             as
             long
             as
             you
             please
             ,
             neither
             néede
             you
             to
             vse
             it
             aboue
             once
             or
             twice
             a
             yéere
             at
             the
             most
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             more
             at
             large
             in
             another
             place
             declared
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             these
             are
             Cankers
             ,
             which
             are
             a
             kinde
             of
             filthie
             wormes
             ,
             which
             deuoure
             both
             the
             great
             and
             small
             leaues
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             swéet
             Plants
             ,
             especially
             
               Lettuce
               ,
               Cabbadge
               ,
               Colaflours
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ;
             and
             the
             way
             to
             destroy
             them
             ,
             is
             to
             scatter
             amongst
             your
             Plants
             ,
             Goose-dung
             ,
             or
             to
             sprinkle
             the
             iuyce
             thereof
             with
             a
             wispe
             of
             Rue
             ,
             or
             hearbe
             of
             Grace
             ouer
             all
             the
             beds
             ,
             and
             though
             some
             with
             a
             rustie
             knife
             vse
             to
             scrape
             them
             from
             the
             leaues
             ,
             and
             so
             kill
             them
             on
             a
             Tyle-shread
             ,
             ye●
             for
             my
             part
             I
             hold
             this
             the
             néerer
             way
             ,
             and
             both
             more
             certaine
             and
             more
             easie
             ,
             as
             experience
             will
             approue
             .
          
           
             Lastly
             ,
             are
             your
             Garden
             Wormes
             which
             liuing
             in
             the
             
             hollowes
             of
             the
             earth
             féede
             much
             vpon
             your
             tender
             Garden
             séedes
             ,
             
             and
             the
             soft
             sprouts
             which
             first
             issue
             from
             them
             ,
             especially
             from
             all
             sorts
             of
             kirnels
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             delight
             more
             then
             in
             any
             other
             séede
             whatsoe●er
             ,
             as
             you
             may
             finde
             by
             experience
             ,
             if
             you
             please
             to
             obserue
             accidents
             as
             they
             happen
             ,
             without
             which
             obseruation
             you
             shall
             hardly
             attaine
             to
             the
             perfection
             of
             an
             excellent
             Gardner
             :
             
             for
             if
             you
             please
             to
             make
             this
             triall
             ,
             take
             the
             kirnels
             of
             a
             faire
             sound
             Pippin
             ,
             and
             deuide
             them
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             then
             lowe
             the
             one
             halfe
             in
             a
             Garden
             bed
             well
             drest
             and
             trimmed
             for
             the
             purpose
             ,
             where
             the
             worme
             hath
             liberty
             to
             come
             and
             goe
             at
             his
             pleasure
             ,
             sowe
             the
             other
             halfe
             in
             some
             riuen
             boule
             ,
             earthen
             pot
             ,
             or
             halfe
             Tub
             ,
             made
             for
             the
             purpose
             with
             the
             same
             earth
             or
             mould
             that
             the
             bed
             is
             ,
             and
             then
             set
             the
             vessell
             so
             as
             no
             worme
             may
             come
             there-vnto
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             finde
             that
             all
             those
             Séedes
             will
             sprout
             and
             come
             forth
             ,
             when
             hardly
             any
             one
             of
             those
             in
             the
             bed
             of
             earth
             will
             or
             can
             prosper
             ,
             there
             being
             no
             other
             reason
             but
             the
             extreame
             gréedinesse
             of
             the
             deuouring
             worme
             ,
             which
             to
             preuent
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             Oxe
             dung
             ,
             and
             burne
             it
             to
             ashes
             ,
             then
             mixe
             them
             with
             the
             earth
             where-with
             you
             couer
             your
             Séedes
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             both
             kill
             the
             wormes
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             Séedes
             sprout
             both
             sooner
             and
             safer
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             Séeds
             and
             Plants
             ,
             from
             all
             noysome
             and
             pestilent
             creatures
             ,
             which
             being
             practised
             with
             care
             and
             diligence
             ,
             will
             giue
             vnto
             euery
             honest
             minde
             the
             satisfaction
             he
             desireth
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             conclude
             this
             small
             tract
             or
             Treatise
             of
             the
             Husbandmans
             
               Kitchen
               Garden
            
             ,
             
             I
             would
             haue
             euery
             honest
             Reader
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             I
             haue
             not
             taken
             vpon
             me
             to
             modell
             out
             any
             curious
             shape
             or
             proportion
             ,
             but
             onely
             figured
             out
             a
             perfect
             nourcerie
             ,
             shewing
             you
             how
             to
             bréed
             and
             bring
             vp
             all
             things
             fit
             for
             health
             or
             recreation
             ,
             which
             being
             once
             brought
             to
             mature
             and
             ripe
             age
             ,
             you
             may
             dispose
             into
             those
             proper
             places
             which
             may
             become
             their
             worthinesse
             ,
             in
             which
             worke
             I
             would
             haue
             your
             owne
             fancy
             your
             owne
             
             directour
             ,
             for
             I
             may
             giue
             preheminence
             to
             that
             you
             least
             like
             ,
             and
             disestéeme
             that
             most
             which
             to
             you
             may
             séeme
             most
             worthy
             ,
             therefore
             let
             your
             owne
             iudgement
             order
             your
             Garden
             ,
             like
             your
             house
             ,
             and
             your
             hearbs
             like
             your
             furniture
             ,
             placing
             the
             best
             in
             the
             best
             places
             ,
             &
             such
             as
             are
             most
             conspicuous
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             according
             to
             their
             dignities
             in
             more
             inferiour
             roomes
             ,
             remembring
             that
             your
             galleries
             ,
             great
             chambers
             ,
             and
             lodgings
             of
             state
             doe
             deserue
             Artes
             ,
             your
             Hall
             Wainscote
             ,
             and
             your
             meanest
             offices
             some
             Boscadge
             ,
             or
             cleanly
             painting
             :
             from
             this
             alligorie
             if
             you
             can
             draw
             any
             wit
             ,
             you
             may
             finde
             without
             my
             further
             instruction
             how
             to
             frame
             Gardens
             of
             all
             sorts
             to
             your
             owne
             contentment
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           SECOND
           PART
           OF
           THE
           SECOND
           BOOKE
           of
           the
           
             English
             Husbandman
          
           :
           Contayning
           the
           ordering
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           VVoods
           ,
           and
           the
           breeding
           of
           Cattell
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             Of
             the
             beginning
             of
             Woods
             ,
             first
             sowing
             ,
             and
             necessarie
             vse
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             a
             Maxime
             held
             in
             Plantations
             ,
             that
             no
             land
             is
             habitable
             ,
             which
             hath
             not
             Wood
             &
             Water
             ,
             they
             two
             being
             as
             it
             were
             the
             only
             nerues
             &
             strength
             of
             a
             mans
             safe
             and
             wholesome
             liuing
             ,
             and
             I
             haue
             heard
             many
             wise
             Gentlemen
             ,
             exercised
             ,
             and
             ingaged
             ,
             in
             the
             most
             noble
             and
             euer
             laudable
             workes
             of
             our
             new
             Plantations
             ,
             
             both
             of
             Virginia
             and
             the
             Summer
             -
             Ilands
             affirme
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             rather
             ,
             for
             a
             generall
             profit
             ,
             haue
             a
             fertile
             wholesome
             land
             ,
             with
             much
             wood
             ,
             then
             (
             wanting
             wood
             )
             with
             a
             Mine
             of
             gold
             :
             so
             infinite
             great
             is
             the
             vse
             of
             Timber
             (
             whose
             particulars
             I
             néede
             not
             rehearse
             )
             and
             so
             insufferable
             is
             the
             want
             ,
             when
             we
             are
             any
             way
             pinched
             with
             the
             same
             .
             And
             hence
             it
             springeth
             that
             our
             olde
             auncestors
             (
             whose
             vertues
             would
             God
             we
             would
             in
             some
             small
             measure
             
             imitate
             )
             when
             they
             found
             any
             hard
             and
             barraine
             earth
             ,
             such
             as
             was
             vnapt
             for
             grasse
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             such
             as
             bar●
             but
             grasse
             that
             would
             kéepe
             life
             ,
             not
             comfort
             life
             ,
             they
             presently
             plowed
             it
             vp
             ,
             and
             sowed
             thereon
             Acornes
             ,
             Ash-keyes
             ,
             Maple
             knots
             ,
             Béech
             apples
             ,
             Hawes
             ,
             Slowes
             ,
             Nuts
             ,
             Bullis
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             séeds
             of
             trees
             in
             innumerable
             quantity
             ,
             as
             may
             appeare
             by
             the
             Forrests
             of
             
               Del
               la
               mere
               ,
               Sherwood
               ,
               Kings
               wood
               ,
            
             and
             many
             other
             within
             this
             kingdome
             of
             huge
             great
             spaciousnes
             and
             compasse
             ,
             from
             whom
             when
             the
             wood
             is
             spoiled
             ,
             the
             soyle
             serueth
             to
             little
             or
             no
             purpose
             ,
             except
             it
             be
             the
             kéeping
             aliue
             of
             a
             few
             poore
             shéepe
             ,
             which
             yéeld
             but
             little
             profit
             more
             then
             their
             carkasse
             .
             Thus
             euen
             from
             the
             first
             age
             of
             the
             world
             hath
             our
             forefathers
             béene
             euer
             most
             carefull
             to
             preserue
             and
             encrease
             wood
             ,
             and
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             I
             haue
             euer
             obserued
             in
             all
             those
             places
             where
             I
             haue
             séene
             Woods
             decayed
             and
             destroyed
             ,
             that
             the
             charge
             of
             stubbing
             and
             other
             necessaries
             allowed
             ;
             those
             lands
             haue
             neuer
             againe
             yéelded
             the
             former
             profit
             ,
             for
             the
             greatest
             exhaustment
             that
             euer
             I
             saw
             of
             wood
             ground
             was
             to
             bring
             it
             to
             tenne
             shillings
             an
             Arte
             when
             it
             was
             conuerted
             to
             pasture
             ,
             and
             being
             kept
             to
             wood
             ,
             it
             was
             worth
             euery
             seauentéenth
             yéere
             one
             and
             twenty
             pound
             .
             A
             simple
             Auditor
             may
             cast
             the
             account
             of
             this
             profit
             ,
             but
             such
             is
             our
             gréedinesse
             ,
             that
             for
             our
             instant
             vse
             we
             little
             respect
             the
             good
             of
             ours
             ,
             or
             our
             neighbours
             :
             But
             it
             is
             no
             part
             of
             my
             Bookes
             method
             to
             call
             offences
             to
             question
             ,
             but
             onely
             to
             right
             the
             Husbandman
             in
             his
             〈◊〉
             to
             ordinarie
             profit
             .
             Know
             then
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             more
             profitable
             to
             the
             Husbandman
             ,
             
             then
             the
             encreasing
             and
             nourishing
             of
             wood
             ;
             from
             whence
             (
             as
             our
             common
             lawes
             termes
             it
             )
             springs
             these
             thrée
             bootes
             or
             necessary
             commodities
             ,
             to
             wit
             House-boote
             ,
             Plowe-boote
             ,
             and
             Fire-boote
             ,
             without
             the
             first
             we
             haue
             neither
             health
             ,
             couert
             ,
             ease
             ,
             nor
             safety
             from
             sauage
             beasts
             :
             without
             the
             second
             we
             cannot
             haue
             the
             fruits
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             nor
             sustenance
             for
             our
             bodies
             ,
             nor
             without
             the
             last
             can
             we
             defend
             off
             the
             sharp
             Winters
             ,
             or
             maintaine
             life
             against
             the
             numbing
             colds
             which
             would
             
             confound
             vs.
             The
             consideration
             of
             these
             thrée
             things
             only
             ,
             might
             enduce
             vs
             to
             the
             preseruation
             of
             this
             most
             excellent
             commodity
             :
             but
             the
             other
             infinite
             necessities
             &
             vses
             which
             we
             make
             of
             wood
             ,
             as
             shipping
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             make
             our selues
             Lords
             of
             the
             Seas
             :
             fencing
             which
             is
             the
             bond
             of
             concord
             amongst
             neighbours
             :
             solution
             &
             trial
             of
             Mines
             ,
             from
             whence
             springs
             both
             our
             glory
             in
             peace
             ,
             and
             our
             strength
             in
             warre
             ,
             with
             a
             world
             of
             others
             sutable
             vnto
             them
             ,
             should
             be
             motiues
             vnresistable
             to
             make
             vs
             with
             all
             diligence
             hast
             to
             the
             most
             praise-worthy
             labour
             of
             planting
             wood
             ,
             in
             euery
             place
             and
             corner
             ,
             where
             it
             may
             any
             way
             conueniently
             be
             receiued
             .
          
           
             If
             then
             the
             Husbandman
             shall
             liue
             in
             a
             high
             barraine
             Countrey
             (
             for
             low-valleyes
             ,
             
             marshes
             ,
             or
             such
             grounds
             as
             are
             subiect
             to
             inundations
             ,
             seldome
             nourish
             wood
             well
             )
             or
             in
             a
             soyle
             though
             not
             vtterly
             barraine
             ,
             yet
             of
             so
             hard
             and
             sower
             encrease
             ,
             that
             the
             hearbage
             doth
             in
             the
             profit
             but
             in
             small
             quantity
             ,
             I
             would
             wish
             him
             after
             a
             generall
             triall
             of
             his
             earth
             ,
             to
             deuide
             it
             into
             thrée
             equall
             parts
             ,
             the
             first
             and
             the
             fruitfullest
             I
             would
             haue
             him
             preserue
             for
             pasture
             for
             his
             Cattell
             of
             all
             kindes
             :
             the
             second
             and
             next
             in
             fertility
             for
             corne
             ,
             being
             no
             more
             then
             those
             cattell
             may
             till
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             &
             most
             barraine
             to
             imploy
             for
             wood
             :
             which
             though
             he
             stay
             long
             for
             the
             profit
             ,
             yet
             will
             pay
             the
             interest
             double
             .
             And
             this
             ground
             thus
             chosen
             for
             wood
             ,
             I
             would
             haue
             him
             plowe
             vp
             from
             the
             swarth
             about
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             Februarie
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             be
             light
             earth
             ,
             as
             either
             sand
             ,
             grauell
             ,
             or
             a
             mixt
             hazel
             earth
             ,
             then
             immediatly
             to
             sow
             it
             with
             Acornes
             ,
             Ash-keyes
             ,
             Elme
             &
             Maple
             knots
             ,
             Béech-apples
             ,
             Chesnuts
             ,
             Ceruisses
             ,
             Crabs
             ,
             Peares
             ,
             Nuts
             of
             all
             kindes
             ,
             Hawes
             ,
             Hips
             ,
             Bullice
             ,
             Slowes
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             other
             wood
             séeds
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             and
             as
             soone
             as
             they
             are
             sowne
             with
             strong
             Oxe
             harrowes
             of
             iron
             ,
             to
             harrow
             and
             breake
             the
             earth
             ,
             in
             such
             fort
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             be
             close
             and
             safely
             couered
             .
             And
             in
             the
             plowing
             of
             this
             earth
             ,
             you
             must
             diligently
             obserue
             to
             turne
             vp
             your
             furrowes
             as
             déepe
             as
             is
             possible
             ,
             that
             the
             séede
             taking
             strong
             and
             déepe
             roote
             ,
             may
             the
             better
             
             and
             with
             more
             safety
             encrease
             ,
             and
             defend
             it selfe
             against
             stormes
             and
             tempests
             ,
             whereas
             if
             the
             roote
             be
             but
             weakely
             fixed
             ,
             the
             smallest
             blasts
             will
             shake
             the
             Trées
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             crooked
             ,
             wrythen
             ,
             and
             for
             small
             vse
             but
             fire
             onely
             .
          
           
             
             After
             you
             haue
             harrowed
             your
             earth
             ,
             and
             laide
             your
             séede
             safe
             ,
             you
             shall
             fence
             your
             ground
             about
             with
             a
             strong
             and
             large
             fence
             ,
             as
             hedge
             ,
             ditch
             ,
             pale
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             which
             may
             kéepe
             out
             all
             manner
             of
             foure-footed
             b●asts
             ,
             for
             comming
             within
             the
             same
             ,
             for
             the
             space
             of
             tenne
             yéeres
             after
             :
             for
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             cattell
             shall
             come
             where
             young
             wood
             is
             péeping
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             or
             whilst
             it
             is
             young
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             soft
             ,
             they
             will
             naturally
             crop
             and
             brouse
             vpon
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             then
             be
             sure
             that
             the
             wood
             which
             is
             so
             bitten
             ,
             will
             neuer
             prosper
             or
             spring
             vp
             to
             any
             height
             ,
             but
             turne
             to
             bushie
             shrubs
             and
             ill-fauoured
             tufts
             ,
             pestring
             the
             ground
             without
             any
             hope
             of
             profit
             ,
             whereas
             if
             it
             be
             defended
             and
             kept
             safe
             the
             space
             of
             tenne
             yéeres
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             it
             will
             after
             defend
             it selfe
             ,
             
             and
             prosper
             in
             despight
             of
             any
             iniurie
             :
             and
             then
             after
             that
             date
             you
             may
             safely
             turne
             your
             cattell
             into
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             graze
             at
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             surely
             you
             shall
             finde
             it
             a
             great
             reliefe
             for
             your
             young
             beast
             ,
             as
             your
             yearling
             Haiffers
             ,
             Bullocks
             ,
             Colts
             ,
             F●●lies
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             for
             I
             would
             not
             wish
             you
             to
             let
             any
             elder
             cattell
             come
             within
             the
             same
             ,
             because
             the
             grasse
             though
             it
             be
             long
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             sower
             and
             scowring
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             meanes
             will
             make
             your
             cattell
             for
             labour
             weake
             and
             vnhealthie
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             Oxe
             or
             Horse
             ,
             and
             for
             much-Kine
             ,
             it
             will
             instantly
             dry
             vp
             their
             milke
             ,
             but
             for
             idle
             heilding
             beasts
             ,
             whose
             profit
             is
             comming
             after
             ,
             it
             will
             serue
             sufficiently
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             if
             the
             earth
             whereon
             you
             sowe
             your
             wood
             ,
             be
             a
             stiffe
             clay
             ground
             ,
             and
             onely
             barraine
             through
             the
             extreamitie
             of
             colde
             ,
             wet
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             as
             is
             séene
             in
             daily
             experience
             :
             you
             shall
             then
             plowe
             vp
             the
             ground
             at
             the
             end
             of
             Ianuarie
             in
             déepe
             furrowes
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             rehearsed
             ;
             and
             then
             let
             it
             rest
             till
             it
             haue
             receiued
             two
             or
             thrée
             good
             Frosts
             ,
             then
             after
             those
             Frosts
             some
             wet
             ,
             as
             either
             snow
             or
             raine
             ,
             
             and
             then
             the
             next
             faire
             season
             after
             sowe
             it
             ,
             as
             afore-said
             ,
             and
             harrow
             it
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             sée
             the
             mould
             breake
             and
             couer
             most
             kindely
             ,
             which
             without
             this
             baite
             ,
             and
             order
             ,
             it
             would
             not
             doe
             ,
             then
             fence
             it
             as
             afore-said
             ,
             and
             preserue
             it
             from
             cattell
             for
             tenne
             yéeres
             after
             .
          
           
             And
             here
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             that
             one
             Oake
             growing
             vpon
             a
             clay
             ground
             ,
             
             is
             worth
             any
             fiue
             which
             growes
             vpon
             the
             sand
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             more
             hard
             ,
             more
             tough
             ,
             and
             of
             much
             longer
             indurance
             ,
             not
             so
             apt
             to
             teare
             ,
             ryue
             ,
             or
             consume
             ,
             either
             with
             Lyme
             ,
             Rubbish
             ,
             or
             any
             casuall
             moysture
             ,
             whence
             it
             comes
             that
             euer
             your
             Ship-wrights
             or
             Mill-wrights
             desire
             the
             clay
             Oake
             for
             their
             vse
             ,
             and
             the
             Ioyner
             the
             sand
             Oake
             for
             smoothnesse
             and
             waynscote
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             sowing
             of
             Wood
             ,
             and
             his
             generall
             vses
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             The
             deuision
             of
             vnder-Woods
             ,
             their
             sale
             ,
             and
             profit
             .
          
           
             WHosoeuer
             be
             a
             Lord
             or
             Master
             of
             much
             vnder-wood
             ,
             which
             is
             indéede
             young
             spring-wood
             of
             all
             kindes
             ,
             growing
             thicke
             and
             close
             together
             ,
             either
             from
             the
             séede
             ,
             as
             is
             declared
             in
             the
             former
             Chapter
             ,
             or
             from
             the
             rootes
             of
             former
             salles
             ,
             the
             first
             being
             a
             profit
             begotten
             by
             him selfe
             ,
             the
             other
             a
             right
             left
             by
             purchase
             or
             inheritance
             ,
             and
             desire
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             the
             dutie
             of
             euery
             vertuous
             husband
             ,
             to
             make
             his
             best
             and
             most
             lawfullest
             profit
             thereof
             ,
             hauing
             not
             left
             vnto
             him
             any
             president
             of
             former
             commodity
             .
             
             In
             this
             case
             you
             shall
             suruay
             the
             whole
             circuit
             of
             your
             wood
             ,
             with
             euery
             corner
             and
             angle
             there
             vnto
             belonging
             ,
             and
             then
             as
             your
             abilitie
             and
             the
             quantity
             of
             your
             ground
             shall
             afford
             ,
             you
             shall
             deuide
             your
             whole
             wood
             either
             into
             twelue
             ,
             seauentéene
             ,
             or
             one
             and
             twenty
             parts
             of
             equall
             Acres
             ,
             Roodes
             ,
             or
             Rods
             ,
             and
             euery
             yeare
             you
             shall
             sell
             or
             take
             to
             your
             owne
             vse
             one
             of
             
             those
             parts
             ,
             so
             that
             one
             following
             yearely
             after
             another
             ,
             our
             sales
             may
             continue
             time
             out
             of
             minde
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             imploy
             as
             you
             please
             so
             much
             wood
             euery
             yeare
             of
             either
             twelue
             ,
             seauentéene
             ,
             or
             one
             and
             twenty
             yeares
             growth
             .
             And
             in
             this
             you
             shal
             note
             that
             the
             sale
             of
             one
             and
             twenty
             ,
             doth
             farre
             excéede
             that
             of
             seauentéene
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             seauentéene
             as
             farre
             that
             of
             twelue
             :
             but
             in
             this
             it
             is
             quantity
             ,
             and
             your
             necessity
             that
             must
             direct
             you
             ,
             and
             not
             my
             demonstration
             :
             for
             there
             be
             fewe
             Husbands
             but
             know
             that
             an
             Acre
             of
             one
             and
             twenty
             yéeres
             growth
             ,
             
             may
             be
             worth
             twenty
             ,
             nay
             thirty
             pounds
             ,
             that
             of
             seauentéene
             worth
             eight
             or
             ten
             pounds
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             twelue
             ,
             fiue
             and
             sixe
             pounds
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             wood
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             longer
             a
             man
             is
             able
             to
             stay
             ,
             the
             greater
             sure
             is
             his
             profit
             :
             but
             fewell
             and
             fence
             must
             of
             necessity
             be
             had
             ,
             and
             if
             a
             man
             haue
             but
             twelue
             acres
             of
             wood
             ,
             I
             sée
             not
             but
             he
             must
             be
             forced
             to
             take
             euery
             yéere
             one
             acre
             for
             his
             owne
             reliefe
             ,
             and
             if
             hée
             take
             more
             ,
             hée
             must
             either
             necessarily
             spoyle
             all
             ,
             or
             driue
             himselfe
             into
             extreame
             want
             in
             fewe
             yeares
             following
             :
             and
             therefore
             it
             is
             méete
             that
             euery
             good
             husband
             shape
             his
             garment
             according
             to
             his
             cloath
             ,
             and
             onely
             take
             plenty
             where
             plenty
             is
             ;
             yet
             with
             this
             husbandly
             caution
             that
             euer
             the
             elder
             your
             sale
             is
             ,
             the
             richer
             it
             is
             ,
             as
             you
             may
             perceiue
             by
             the
             well
             husbanded
             Woods
             of
             many
             Bishoprickes
             in
             this
             land
             ,
             which
             are
             not
             cut
             but
             at
             thirtie
             yeares
             growth
             .
          
           
             
             When
             you
             haue
             made
             your
             deuisions
             according
             to
             your
             quantity
             ,
             you
             shall
             begin
             your
             sale
             at
             an
             out-side
             where
             cariages
             may
             enter
             without
             impeachment
             to
             the
             springs
             you
             intend
             not
             to
             cut
             ,
             and
             a
             pole
             or
             halfe
             pole
             according
             to
             the
             quantity
             of
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             preserue
             (
             being
             next
             of
             all
             to
             the
             outmost
             fence
             )
             to
             repaire
             the
             ring
             fences
             of
             your
             Wood
             ,
             and
             to
             seperate
             the
             new
             sale
             from
             the
             standing
             Wood
             :
             and
             this
             amongst
             Woodwards
             is
             called
             Plash-pole
             .
             Then
             at
             the
             latterend
             of
             Ianuarie
             you
             may
             begin
             to
             cut
             downe
             your
             vnder-wood
             ,
             and
             sell
             it
             either
             by
             acres
             ,
             roodes
             ,
             perches
             ,
             poles
             ,
             roddes
             ,
             or
             dozens
             ,
             according
             
             to
             the
             quantitie
             of
             your
             earth
             ,
             or
             the
             abilitie
             of
             your
             buyers
             .
             And
             in
             this
             sale
             I
             cannot
             set
             you
             downe
             any
             certaine
             price
             ,
             because
             true
             iudgement
             ,
             and
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             your
             wood
             must
             onely
             giue
             you
             direction
             ,
             things
             being
             euer
             valewed
             according
             to
             their
             worth
             and
             substance
             ,
             and
             this
             sale
             or
             the
             cutting
             downe
             of
             vnder-wood
             ,
             you
             may
             continue
             from
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             Ianuarie
             ,
             till
             midde
             Aprill
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             leafe
             begins
             to
             bud
             forth
             ,
             or
             somewhat
             longer
             if
             necessitie
             vrge
             you
             :
             the
             like
             you
             may
             also
             doe
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             September
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             leafe
             beginnes
             to
             shed
             till
             the
             middest
             of
             Nouember
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             manner
             of
             cutting
             downe
             your
             vnderwoods
             ,
             
             although
             the
             lawes
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             shew
             you
             what
             dutie
             you
             shall
             performe
             therein
             ,
             what
             Timber
             you
             shall
             preserue
             ,
             and
             how
             néere
             each
             Weauer
             shall
             stand
             one
             to
             another
             ,
             yet
             I
             would
             wish
             you
             both
             for
             your
             owne
             and
             the
             Common-wealths
             sake
             ,
             to
             performe
             somewhat
             more
             then
             that
             to
             which
             you
             are
             by
             law
             compelled
             ,
             &
             therefore
             you
             shall
             giue
             direction
             to
             your
             wood
             fallers
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             shall
             méete
             with
             any
             faire
             and
             straight
             well
             growne
             sapling
             ,
             Oake
             ,
             Elme
             ,
             Ash
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             to
             preserue
             them
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             stand
             still
             ,
             being
             of
             such
             fit
             distance
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             not
             hinder
             ,
             or
             trouble
             each
             other
             in
             their
             growing
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             shall
             finde
             vpon
             a
             cluster
             many
             faire
             Plants
             or
             Saplings
             ;
             you
             shall
             view
             which
             is
             the
             fairest
             of
             them
             all
             ,
             and
             it
             preserue
             onely
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             cut
             away
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             prosper
             the
             better
             :
             also
             if
             you
             finde
             any
             faire
             and
             well
             growne
             fruit
             Trées
             ,
             as
             Peares
             ,
             Chesnuts
             ,
             Seruisses
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             them
             stand
             and
             cleare
             them
             from
             the
             droppings
             of
             the
             taller
             trées
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             finde
             the
             profit
             make
             you
             recompence
             .
             Now
             for
             the
             generall
             cutting
             vp
             of
             the
             wood
             ,
             you
             shall
             cut
             it
             about
             sixe
             inches
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             drawing
             your
             strokes
             vpward
             ,
             cut
             the
             wood
             slope-wise
             ,
             for
             that
             is
             best
             to
             hasten
             on
             the
             new
             Spring
             ;
             and
             those
             Weauers
             or
             young
             which
             you
             preserue
             and
             suffer
             to
             growe
             still
             ,
             you
             shall
             prune
             
             and
             trimme
             as
             you
             passe
             by
             them
             ,
             cutting
             away
             all
             ●●perfluous
             branches
             ,
             twigges
             ,
             and
             young
             spyers
             ,
             which
             shall
             grow
             either
             néere
             vnto
             the
             roote
             ,
             or
             vpon
             any
             part
             of
             the
             boale
             ,
             which
             is
             fit
             to
             be
             preserued
             for
             Timber
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             shall
             finde
             that
             the
             earth
             haue
             by
             any
             casualty
             forsaken
             the
             root
             ,
             and
             left
             it
             bare
             ,
             which
             is
             hurtfull
             to
             the
             growth
             of
             the
             Trée
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             fresh
             earth
             vnto
             it
             ,
             and
             ram
             the
             same
             hard
             and
             fast
             about
             it
             .
          
           
             
             Thus
             when
             you
             haue
             made
             an
             end
             of
             cutting
             downe
             your
             sale
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             wood
             is
             cleansed
             and
             carried
             away
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             loose
             and
             scattered
             stickes
             raked
             vp
             into
             seuerall
             heapes
             ,
             and
             caried
             away
             also
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             the
             part
             of
             euerie
             good
             husband
             and
             Woodward
             ,
             not
             to
             sée
             any
             wood
             lye
             and
             rot
             vpon
             the
             ground
             :
             you
             shall
             then
             with
             the
             vnder-wood
             preserued
             in
             the
             Plash-pole
             ,
             deuide
             by
             a
             strong
             hedge
             this
             new
             cut
             downe
             sale
             from
             the
             other
             elder
             growne
             wood
             ,
             and
             for
             tenne
             yéeres
             ,
             as
             before
             is
             spoken
             ,
             not
             suffer
             any
             foure-footed
             beast
             to
             come
             within
             the
             same
             ;
             
             from
             which
             rule
             you
             shall
             learne
             this
             lesson
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             the
             Woodwards
             duty
             euery
             day
             to
             looke
             ouer
             all
             his
             young
             Springs
             ,
             and
             if
             by
             any
             mischance
             or
             negligence
             cattell
             shall
             happen
             to
             breake
             into
             them
             (
             as
             many
             times
             they
             doe
             )
             then
             shall
             he
             not
             onely
             driue
             forth
             or
             impound
             such
             Cattell
             ,
             but
             also
             suruay
             how
             farre
             and
             which
             Plants
             they
             haue
             cropt
             ,
             and
             hauing
             spied
             them
             ,
             with
             his
             wood
             Bill
             ,
             presently
             cut
             the
             Plants
             so
             brouzed
             close
             by
             the
             bottomes
             of
             the
             last
             shuts
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             will
             newly
             put
             forth
             againe
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             if
             they
             had
             neuer
             béene
             hindred
             :
             which
             done
             ,
             he
             shall
             finde
             out
             where
             the
             cattell
             brake
             in
             ,
             and
             then
             mend
             the
             same
             ,
             so
             well
             and
             sufficiently
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             preuent
             the
             like
             mischiefe
             .
             Also
             if
             these
             young
             springs
             shall
             stand
             néere
             vnto
             Forrests
             or
             elder
             Woods
             ,
             which
             are
             full
             of
             wilde
             Deare
             ,
             and
             be
             no
             purfewes
             belonging
             vnto
             the
             same
             ,
             the
             Woodward
             then
             shall
             neuer
             walke
             without
             a
             little
             dogge
             following
             him
             ,
             with
             which
             he
             shall
             chase
             such
             Deare
             out
             of
             his
             young
             springs
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             the
             brouzing
             of
             Deare
             is
             as
             hurtfull
             to
             young
             wood
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             
             any
             other
             cattell
             whatsoeuer
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             ordering
             and
             gouernment
             of
             vnder-woods
             ,
             with
             their
             sales
             ,
             and
             the
             nourishing
             vp
             of
             greater
             Timber
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Of
             High-Woods
             ,
             and
             their
             Plantation
             .
          
           
             HIgh
             Woods
             are
             those
             which
             containe
             onely
             Trées
             for
             Timber
             ,
             
             and
             are
             not
             pestred
             or
             imbraced
             with
             the
             vnder
             growth
             of
             small
             brush
             wood
             ,
             such
             as
             Hazels
             ,
             White-thorne
             ,
             Sallowes
             and
             Poplar
             are
             ;
             these
             for
             the
             most
             part
             consist
             of
             Oakes
             ,
             Ash
             ,
             Elme
             ,
             Béech
             ,
             Maple
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             growing
             so
             remote
             and
             seperate
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             that
             although
             their
             tops
             and
             branches
             méete
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             infolde
             one
             within
             another
             ,
             yet
             at
             the
             rootes
             a
             man
             may
             walke
             or
             ride
             about
             them
             without
             trouble
             .
             These
             high
             Woods
             had
             their
             first
             beginnings
             from
             the
             séede
             ,
             
             as
             was
             before
             declared
             ,
             and
             nourisht
             from
             age
             to
             age
             amongst
             the
             vnder-woods
             ,
             which
             ,
             when
             men
             began
             to
             want
             foode
             for
             their
             bréede-Cattell
             ,
             and
             that
             from
             the
             super-abundance
             of
             young
             Woods
             ,
             they
             found
             some
             might
             conueniently
             be
             spared
             ,
             they
             forth-with
             in
             stead
             of
             cutting
             downe
             their
             young
             wood
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             began
             to
             digge
             it
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             and
             with
             stubbe
             Axes
             to
             teare
             the
             meane
             sinewes
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             might
             not
             renew
             or
             encrease
             againe
             ,
             and
             then
             leuelling
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             laying
             it
             smooth
             and
             plaine
             ,
             to
             leaue
             nothing
             standing
             but
             the
             tall
             Timber
             trées
             ,
             betwéene
             which
             the
             grasse
             had
             more
             libertie
             to
             growe
             ,
             and
             Cattell
             more
             abundance
             to
             féede
             on
             ,
             and
             all
             be
             not
             so
             long
             and
             well
             able
             to
             fill
             the
             mouth
             ,
             as
             that
             which
             growes
             in
             the
             thicke
             springs
             ,
             yet
             much
             more
             swéet
             and
             better
             able
             to
             nourish
             any
             thing
             that
             shall
             graze
             vpon
             the
             same
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             the
             Sunne
             and
             Frosts
             hauing
             more
             frée
             power
             to
             enter
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             the
             earth
             is
             so
             much
             
             the
             better
             seasoned
             ,
             and
             bringeth
             forth
             her
             encrease
             with
             more
             swéetnesse
             .
          
           
             
             Some
             are
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             these
             high
             Woods
             may
             as
             well
             be
             planted
             as
             sowne
             ,
             and
             that
             many
             of
             them
             from
             the
             first
             beginning
             haue
             béene
             so
             ,
             to
             which
             opinion
             I
             consent
             in
             part
             :
             for
             doubtlesse
             I
             am
             perswaded
             ,
             that
             many
             small
             Groues
             of
             Ash
             ,
             Elme
             ,
             Béech
             and
             Poplar
             haue
             béene
             planted
             ,
             for
             we
             sée
             in
             our
             daily
             experience
             ,
             and
             the
             new
             walkes
             in
             More-fields
             by
             London
             ,
             are
             a
             perfect
             testimonie
             ,
             that
             such
             Plantations
             may
             be
             without
             trouble
             or
             danger
             :
             but
             for
             the
             Oake
             to
             be
             taken
             vp
             and
             replanted
             ,
             is
             very
             hard
             ,
             and
             very
             seldome
             in
             vse
             ,
             neither
             shall
             a
             man
             in
             an
             whole
             Age
             sée
             any
             Oake
             remoued
             come
             to
             perfec●●on
             or
             goodnesse
             ,
             but
             growe
             crooked
             ,
             knottie
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             best
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             fewell
             onely
             :
             but
             for
             the
             other
             before
             rehearsed
             ,
             you
             may
             remoue
             them
             when
             they
             are
             a
             dozen
             yeares
             of
             age
             ,
             and
             plant
             them
             where
             you
             please
             :
             and
             if
             the
             earth
             haue
             in
             it
             any
             goodnesse
             at
             all
             ,
             they
             will
             take
             rest
             and
             grow
             both
             spéedily
             ,
             and
             plentifully
             .
             And
             since
             I
             am
             thus
             farre
             entred
             into
             the
             plantation
             of
             Woods
             ,
             I
             will
             shew
             you
             how
             you
             shall
             plant
             and
             remoue
             euery
             Trée
             in
             his
             due
             manner
             and
             season
             .
          
           
             
             And
             first
             for
             the
             planting
             of
             the
             Elme
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             excellent
             Trée
             for
             shadow
             ,
             and
             the
             adorning
             of
             walkes
             or
             dwelling
             houses
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             choise
             of
             those
             Plants
             which
             are
             straightest
             ,
             soundest
             ,
             the
             barke
             euen
             and
             v●twound
             ,
             and
             at
             least
             eightéene
             or
             twenty
             inches
             in
             compasse
             :
             these
             you
             shall
             digge
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             roote
             and
             all
             ,
             then
             at
             the
             top
             of
             the
             head
             ,
             about
             thrée
             fingers
             vnder
             the
             knot
             ,
             where
             the
             maine
             armes
             seuerally
             issue
             forth
             ,
             you
             shall
             a
             little
             slope-wise
             cut
             the
             head
             cleane
             off
             them
             ,
             and
             mixing
             clay
             and
             a
             little
             horse-dung
             ,
             or
             fine
             ashes
             together
             ,
             couer
             the
             head
             round
             about
             there-with
             ,
             then
             ouer
             the
             same
             wrap
             Mo●se
             ,
             or
             fine
             Hay
             ,
             and
             binde
             it
             about
             with
             fa●t
             clouen
             Oziers
             ,
             or
             some
             such
             like
             bands
             ,
             then
             with
             a
             sharpe
             pruning
             Bill
             cut
             euery
             seuerall
             branch
             of
             the
             roote
             with●●
             a
             finger
             or
             two
             of
             the
             stocke
             :
             which
             done
             ,
             and
             the
             roote
             
             pickt
             cleane
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             a
             hole
             to
             be
             digged
             in
             the
             place
             ,
             where
             you
             meane
             to
             plant
             the
             Elme
             iust
             of
             that
             depth
             ,
             the
             hole
             was
             from
             whence
             you
             digged
             out
             the
             Elme
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             and
             no
             more
             of
             the
             Elme
             may
             be
             hidden
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             then
             was
             formerly
             at
             his
             remouing
             ;
             and
             this
             hole
             you
             shall
             make
             spacious
             and
             easie
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             mould
             be
             soft
             and
             loose
             both
             vnderneath
             and
             round
             about
             the
             roote
             of
             the
             Elme
             ,
             which
             done
             ,
             you
             shall
             place
             your
             Elme
             in
             the
             same
             ,
             straight
             and
             vpright
             ,
             without
             either
             swaruing
             one
             way
             or
             other
             ,
             which
             for
             your
             better
             certaintie
             ,
             you
             may
             proue
             either
             with
             plumbe
             ,
             leuell
             ,
             or
             other
             instrument
             ,
             which
             being
             perfected
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             rich
             fresh
             mould
             well
             mixt
             with
             olde
             meanure
             ,
             couer
             and
             ram
             the
             same
             fast
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             no
             reasonable
             strength
             may
             moue
             or
             shake
             it
             :
             and
             all
             this
             worke
             must
             be
             done
             in
             the
             encrease
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             moneth
             of
             October
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             Ianuary
             :
             but
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             Ianuarie
             is
             euer
             helde
             the
             best
             and
             safest
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             no
             question
             but
             you
             shall
             sée
             flourishing
             Trées
             the
             next
             Summer
             after
             :
             and
             in
             this
             sort
             you
             may
             likewise
             remoue
             either
             Béech
             ,
             Witcher
             ,
             or
             Popler
             ,
             bestowing
             them
             either
             in
             Groues
             ,
             Walkes
             ,
             Hedge-rowes
             ,
             or
             other
             places
             of
             shadow
             ,
             as
             shall
             séeme
             best
             to
             your
             contentment
             :
             for
             their
             natures
             being
             alike
             ,
             their
             growthes
             and
             flourishings
             haue
             little
             difference
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             replanting
             or
             remouing
             the
             Ash
             ,
             
             though
             not
             much
             ,
             yet
             there
             is
             some
             difference
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             not
             at
             the
             first
             so
             spéedie
             a
             putter
             forth
             ,
             and
             flourisher
             ,
             as
             the
             others
             be
             :
             but
             for
             the
             first
             yeare
             laboureth
             more
             to
             bestow
             and
             fixe
             his
             roote
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             then
             to
             spread
             forth
             his
             vpper
             branches
             ,
             and
             although
             some
             Woodwards
             are
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             as
             the
             Ash
             is
             aboue
             the
             ground
             ,
             so
             much
             hée
             will
             be
             vnder
             before
             he
             begin
             to
             flourish
             outwardly
             ,
             yet
             experience
             doth
             find
             it
             erronious
             ,
             for
             though
             it
             be
             for
             the
             first
             yéere
             a
             little
             flower
             then
             other
             Trées
             ,
             yet
             when
             it
             beginneth
             to
             flourish
             ,
             it
             will
             ouer-take
             the
             spéediest
             grower
             .
             Therefore
             when
             you
             do
             intend
             to
             plant
             Ashes
             for
             a
             spéedy
             
             profit
             ,
             you
             shall
             not
             according
             to
             the
             olde
             custome
             chuse
             the
             smooth
             ,
             small
             ,
             long
             Plants
             ,
             which
             are
             hardly
             thrée
             inches
             in
             compasse
             ,
             and
             haue
             put
             out
             hardly
             any
             branches
             ,
             and
             are
             such
             as
             grow
             from
             the
             rootes
             of
             elder
             Ashes
             cut
             downe
             before
             ,
             which
             our
             auncient
             Woodwards
             haue
             vsed
             to
             slip
             or
             cleaue
             from
             those
             rootes
             ,
             no
             ,
             these
             are
             the
             worst
             sorts
             of
             Plants
             :
             but
             you
             shall
             take
             the
             true
             ground-Ash
             ,
             which
             springeth
             from
             his
             owne
             proper
             roote
             ,
             being
             smooth
             ,
             euen
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             straight
             without
             bruise
             ,
             canker
             ,
             or
             other
             impediment
             .
             This
             you
             shall
             digge
             vp
             by
             the
             root
             ,
             being
             as
             is
             before
             said
             almost
             twenty
             inches
             in
             compasse
             ,
             and
             hauing
             cleansed
             the
             roote
             ,
             you
             shall
             leaue
             each
             spray
             not
             aboue
             halfe
             a
             foote
             ,
             or
             eight
             inches
             in
             length
             :
             but
             for
             the
             small
             thréeds
             or
             tassels
             of
             the
             roote
             ,
             those
             you
             shall
             cut
             cleane
             away
             close
             by
             the
             wood
             ,
             and
             so
             plant
             it
             in
             euery
             point
             ,
             as
             was
             shewed
             you
             for
             the
             planting
             of
             the
             Elme
             ,
             onely
             the
             top
             thereof
             you
             shall
             by
             no
             meanes
             cut
             off
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             a
             trée
             of
             pith
             ,
             which
             to
             deuide
             or
             lay
             bare
             ,
             wer●
             very
             dangerous
             ;
             and
             the
             best
             season
             for
             the
             planting
             of
             this
             Trée
             ,
             is
             euer
             in
             the
             encrease
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             at
             the
             fall
             of
             the
             leafe
             ,
             which
             is
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             October
             till
             midde
             Nouember
             ,
             and
             at
             no
             other
             time
             ,
             for
             it
             would
             euer
             haue
             a
             whole
             Winter
             to
             fasten
             his
             roote
             ,
             and
             to
             gather
             strength
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             bud
             forth
             his
             leafe
             the
             Summer
             following
             .
             Thus
             you
             sée
             how
             you
             may
             plant
             Groues
             or
             Copses
             at
             your
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             make
             vnto
             your selfe
             high
             Woods
             according
             to
             your
             owne
             pleasure
             .
             
             But
             you
             will
             obiect
             vnto
             me
             ,
             that
             you
             liue
             in
             such
             a
             champaine
             Countrey
             ,
             that
             albe
             these
             Plantations
             might
             bréede
             vnto
             you
             infinite
             pleasure
             ,
             yet
             the
             pouerty
             thereof
             in
             wood
             is
             such
             ,
             that
             these
             Plants
             are
             not
             there
             to
             be
             found
             for
             any
             money
             .
             To
             which
             I
             thus
             answere
             ,
             
             That
             in
             this
             Kingdom●
             there
             is
             not
             any
             Country
             so
             barraine
             ,
             or
             farre
             off
             remote
             from
             wood
             ,
             being
             a
             soyle
             fit
             to
             receiue
             wood
             :
             But
             his
             next
             neighbour-Country
             is
             able
             to
             furnish
             him
             ,
             especially
             with
             these
             Plants
             at
             an
             easie
             reckoning
             :
             as
             for
             example
             ,
             I
             hold
             Northampton
             shire
             one
             of
             the
             barrennest
             for
             Wood
             ,
             yet
             
             best
             able
             to
             beare
             wood
             ,
             and
             hath
             not
             he
             his
             neighbour
             Huntington
             shire
             and
             Leicester
             shire
             about
             him
             ,
             where
             nurceries
             of
             these
             Plants
             are
             bred
             and
             preserued
             for
             the
             sale
             onely
             ?
             Nay
             ,
             euen
             in
             Holland
             ,
             in
             Lincolne
             shire
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             lowest
             of
             all
             Countries
             ,
             and
             most
             vnlikely
             ,
             to
             holde
             such
             a
             commodity
             ,
             I
             haue
             séene
             as
             goodly
             Timber
             as
             in
             any
             Forrest
             or
             Chase
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             :
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             planting
             of
             high
             Woods
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IIII.
             Of
             the
             preseruation
             ,
             and
             sale
             of
             high
             Woods
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             not
             sufficient
             for
             the
             Husbandman
             to
             sowe
             ,
             plant
             ,
             and
             encrease
             wood
             about
             his
             grounds
             ,
             conuerting
             his
             earth
             to
             the
             vttermost
             and
             extreamest
             profit
             that
             may
             spring
             from
             the
             same
             :
             but
             he
             must
             also
             be
             diligent
             to
             preserue
             and
             nourish
             his
             timber
             trées
             from
             all
             inconueniences
             that
             may
             any
             way
             annoy
             or
             afflict
             them
             :
             and
             to
             this
             end
             hée
             shall
             daily
             walke
             into
             his
             Woods
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             searching
             eye
             suruay
             euery
             Trée
             which
             is
             of
             any
             account
             ,
             and
             sée
             if
             he
             can
             finde
             any
             fault
             or
             annoyance
             about
             the
             same
             ,
             
             and
             if
             casting
             his
             eye
             vp
             to
             the
             top
             ,
             where
             the
             maine
             armes
             shoote
             forth
             themselues
             ,
             he
             perceiue
             that
             by
             the
             breaking
             off
             of
             some
             arme
             or
             other
             riuen
             boughes
             ,
             the
             wet
             and
             droppings
             of
             the
             leaues
             is
             sunke
             and
             fretted
             into
             the
             Timber
             ,
             which
             in
             time
             will
             corrupt
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             Trée
             hollow
             .
             In
             this
             case
             he
             shall
             presently
             mount
             the
             Trée
             ,
             and
             with
             his
             Bill
             ,
             either
             cut
             the
             place
             so
             smooth
             that
             the
             wet
             may
             not
             rest
             thereon
             ,
             or
             else
             hauing
             smoothed
             it
             so
             much
             as
             he
             may
             with
             conuenience
             ,
             mixe
             stiffe
             clay
             and
             fine
             hay
             together
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             same
             couer
             the
             place
             ,
             in
             such
             manner
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             put
             off
             the
             wet
             till
             it
             haue
             recouered
             new
             barke
             .
          
           
             If
             hée
             shall
             perceiue
             any
             of
             his
             younger
             Trées
             to
             be
             
             Barke-bound
             ,
             
             that
             is
             ,
             so
             stiffe
             and
             straitly
             tied
             within
             their
             owne
             ryndes
             ,
             that
             they
             cannot
             encrease
             or
             prosper
             :
             in
             this
             case
             he
             shall
             with
             a
             sharpe
             drawing
             knife
             ,
             made
             in
             the
             proportion
             of
             a
             narrow
             C
             draw
             and
             open
             the
             barke
             euen
             from
             the
             top
             of
             the
             bole
             of
             the
             Trée
             downe
             to
             the
             roote
             ,
             and
             then
             clap
             Oxe-dung
             into
             those
             slits
             ,
             let
             the
             Trée
             rest
             ,
             and
             in
             short
             space
             you
             shall
             sée
             it
             mightily
             encrease
             .
          
           
             
             If
             he
             shall
             perceiue
             that
             
               Hornets
               ,
               Dores
            
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             haue
             found
             some
             little
             hollownesse
             in
             one
             of
             his
             Trées
             ,
             and
             séeketh
             there
             to
             shelter
             and
             hide
             themselues
             ,
             which
             in
             little
             space
             they
             will
             soone
             make
             larger
             ,
             he
             shall
             forth-with
             besmeare
             all
             the
             place
             with
             Tarre
             and
             Goose-dung
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             driue
             them
             thence
             .
          
           
             
             If
             he
             shall
             finde
             that
             by
             the
             droppings
             of
             other
             Trées
             ,
             some
             of
             his
             Trées
             shall
             grow
             cankerous
             ,
             and
             loose
             their
             barke
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             accident
             very
             vsuall
             ,
             and
             the
             Trées
             whose
             barkes
             are
             so
             lost
             ,
             will
             with
             great
             difficulty
             after
             prosper
             .
             In
             this
             case
             he
             shall
             annoynt
             the
             place
             with
             Tarre
             and
             Oyle
             mixt
             together
             ,
             and
             then
             couer
             the
             place
             with
             clay
             ,
             where
             the
             barke
             is
             wanting
             .
          
           
             
             If
             he
             shall
             perceiue
             any
             Pismyer
             hilles
             or
             beds
             to
             be
             made
             against
             any
             of
             his
             Trées
             ,
             which
             is
             very
             noysome
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             great
             destroyers
             of
             the
             barks
             of
             Trées
             :
             he
             shall
             then
             with
             hot
             scalding
             water
             kill
             them
             ,
             and
             throw
             the
             hill
             downe
             leuell
             and
             plaine
             with
             the
             earth
             .
          
           
             
             If
             he
             shall
             finde
             any
             
               Iuy
               ,
               Woodbine
            
             ,
             or
             Mystletoe
             to
             grow
             in
             or
             about
             any
             of
             his
             principall
             Trées
             ,
             which
             doe
             strangle
             ,
             suffocate
             ,
             and
             kéepe
             them
             from
             encreasing
             ,
             he
             shall
             forth-with
             digge
             vp
             the
             roots
             thereof
             ,
             and
             then
             cut
             it
             away
             or
             loosen
             it
             from
             about
             the
             barks
             of
             the
             Trées
             .
          
           
             
             Lastly
             ,
             if
             he
             shall
             perceiue
             that
             by
             
               Thunder
               ,
               Lightning
            
             ,
             or
             other
             plantarie
             stroakes
             ,
             any
             of
             the
             armes
             of
             his
             well
             growne
             Trées
             be
             blasted
             or
             slaine
             ,
             he
             shall
             forth-with
             cut
             them
             away
             ,
             euen
             close
             to
             the
             quicke
             Wood
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             place
             smooth
             and
             euen
             where
             they
             were
             ioyned
             :
             thus
             shall
             the
             carefull
             Husbandman
             with
             a
             vigilant
             eye
             ,
             regard
             euery
             enormous
             and
             hurtfull
             thing
             that
             may
             offend
             
             his
             Timber
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             meanes
             possesse
             more
             benefit
             from
             a
             fewe
             Roodes
             ,
             then
             others
             doe
             from
             many
             Acres
             .
          
           
             Now
             when
             either
             necessity
             or
             the
             vrgent
             occasions
             of
             any
             néedfull
             vse
             ,
             
             enforceth
             the
             Husbandman
             to
             make
             sale
             of
             any
             part
             of
             his
             tall
             Wood
             ,
             in
             which
             Marchandise
             there
             is
             many
             prety
             and
             obscure
             secrets
             ,
             such
             as
             are
             hard
             to
             be
             shewed
             by
             any
             Uerball
             demonstration
             ,
             for
             truly
             there
             is
             not
             any
             trucking
             or
             marting
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             in
             which
             a
             man
             may
             sooner
             deceiue
             ,
             or
             be
             deceiued
             ,
             men
             buying
             and
             selling
             in
             a
             manner
             hood-winkt
             :
             for
             it
             is
             most
             certaine
             that
             no
             man
             can
             certainely
             tell
             either
             what
             peny-woorth
             hée
             selleth
             ,
             or
             the
             other
             buyeth
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             the
             Trée
             is
             standing
             ,
             there
             be
             in
             Trées
             so
             many
             secret
             faults
             ,
             and
             likewise
             when
             they
             are
             downe
             ,
             and
             come
             to
             the
             breaking
             or
             burkning
             (
             as
             the
             Wood-man
             tearmes
             it
             )
             so
             many
             vnexpected
             vertues
             ,
             as
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             I
             haue
             often
             séene
             a
             Trée
             whose
             out-side
             hath
             promised
             all
             good
             hope
             ,
             the
             barke
             being
             smooth
             and
             euen
             ,
             the
             body
             large
             and
             great
             ,
             and
             the
             armes
             high
             set
             on
             ,
             and
             spaciously
             extended
             ;
             yet
             when
             this
             Trée
             hath
             béene
             felled
             ,
             and
             came
             to
             burkning
             ,
             there
             hath
             béene
             found
             a
             hole
             in
             the
             top
             ,
             which
             hath
             runne
             cleane
             through
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             vtterly
             spoyled
             the
             whole
             Timber
             :
             so
             likewise
             on
             the
             contrary
             part
             I
             haue
             séene
             a
             Trée
             very
             foule
             at
             the
             top
             ,
             which
             is
             suspitious
             for
             rottennesse
             ,
             whose
             armes
             haue
             growne
             so
             close
             and
             narrow
             together
             ,
             that
             they
             haue
             promised
             little
             burthen
             ,
             yet
             being
             cut
             downe
             ,
             I
             haue
             séene
             that
             Trée
             passing
             sound
             ,
             the
             armes
             double
             the
             loades
             in
             valuation
             ,
             and
             the
             price
             being
             lesse
             then
             any
             ,
             the
             proofe
             and
             goodnesse
             to
             excéede
             all
             ,
             so
             that
             I
             must
             conclude
             it
             all
             together
             impossible
             to
             set
             downe
             any
             fixed
             or
             certaine
             rules
             either
             for
             the
             buyer
             or
             seller
             :
             but
             for
             as
             much
             as
             there
             are
             diuers
             worthie
             obseruances
             for
             both
             parts
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             is
             as
             necessary
             to
             buy
             well
             as
             sell
             well
             ,
             I
             will
             runne
             through
             euery
             particular
             obseruation
             ,
             which
             doth
             belong
             both
             to
             the
             one
             and
             the
             other
             partie
             ,
             with
             which
             when
             a
             mans
             minde
             is
             perfectly
             acquainted
             ,
             
             he
             may
             with
             much
             bolder
             confidence
             aduenture
             to
             buy
             or
             sell
             in
             the
             open
             Market
             .
          
           
             
             The
             first
             thing
             therefore
             that
             either
             buyer
             or
             seller
             should
             be
             skilfull
             in
             ,
             is
             the
             choyse
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Timbers
             ,
             and
             to
             know
             which
             is
             fit
             for
             euery
             seuerall
             purpose
             ,
             the
             crooked
             and
             vneyely
             being
             for
             some
             vses
             of
             much
             higher
             price
             and
             reckoning
             then
             that
             which
             is
             plaine
             ,
             straight
             ,
             and
             euen
             growne
             ,
             
             as
             thus
             for
             example
             .
             If
             you
             would
             buy
             Timber
             for
             Mill-whéeles
             ,
             the
             heads
             of
             round
             Turrets
             ,
             or
             any
             kinde
             of
             any
             worke
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             you
             shall
             chuse
             that
             which
             is
             crooked
             and
             some-what
             bent
             ,
             bring
             sound
             ,
             firme
             ,
             and
             vnshaken
             .
             
             If
             you
             will
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             Summer
             Trées
             ,
             Baulks
             ,
             Iawnies
             ,
             or
             Tracens
             ,
             you
             shall
             chuse
             that
             which
             is
             most
             hartie
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             much
             twound
             ,
             or
             as
             it
             were
             wrythen
             about
             ,
             which
             you
             shall
             with
             great
             ease
             perceiue
             by
             the
             twinding
             or
             crooked
             going
             about
             of
             the
             barke
             ,
             the
             graine
             whereof
             will
             as
             it
             were
             circle
             and
             la●
             round
             about
             the
             Trée
             .
             This
             Timber
             which
             is
             thus
             twound
             or
             wrythen
             ,
             will
             by
             no
             meanes
             ryue
             or
             cleaue
             asunder
             ,
             and
             therefore
             is
             estéemed
             the
             best
             to
             support
             and
             beare
             burthen
             ,
             and
             the
             heart
             thereof
             will
             endure
             and
             la●●
             the
             longest
             .
          
           
             
             If
             you
             will
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             Pales
             ,
             Singles
             ,
             Copers-ware
             ,
             Wainscote
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             euer
             chuse
             that
             which
             is
             smooth
             ,
             euen
             ,
             and
             straight
             growne
             ,
             without
             any
             manner
             of
             twynding
             or
             shaking
             ,
             which
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             by
             the
             straight
             and
             euen
             growing
             vp
             of
             the
             barke
             ,
             whose
             crests
             will
             ascend
             straight
             and
             vpright
             ,
             euen
             from
             the
             roote
             to
             the
             bottome
             ,
             which
             is
             an
             assured
             token
             that
             all
             such
             Timber
             will
             shiuer
             and
             ryue
             into
             as
             thinne
             parts
             as
             a
             man
             would
             desire
             .
          
           
             
             Lastly
             ,
             if
             you
             would
             chuse
             Timber
             to
             make
             Pyles
             of
             ,
             to
             driue
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             for
             the
             framing
             of
             Weares
             with●●
             the
             water
             ,
             the
             heads
             of
             Ponds
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             worke
             within
             the
             water
             then
             you
             shall
             chuse
             that
             which
             is
             most
             knottie
             (
             so
             it
             be
             sound
             )
             for
             that
             will
             driue
             without
             splitting
             ,
             and
             continue
             in
             the
             earth
             the
             longest
             :
             and
             of
             all
             Timbers
             
             the
             Elme
             is
             accounted
             the
             best
             for
             this
             purpose
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             continue
             almost
             euerlastingly
             in
             the
             earth
             without
             rotting
             ;
             yet
             notwithstanding
             ,
             the
             Oake
             is
             excellent
             good
             also
             :
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             generall
             choise
             of
             Oakes
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             you
             would
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             weather-boards
             ,
             
             or
             to
             be
             vsed
             in
             water-workes
             ,
             or
             to
             make
             Planks
             for
             low
             moyst
             Uaults
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             chuse
             the
             biggest
             ,
             soundest
             and
             smoothest
             growne
             Elme
             ,
             it
             is
             also
             excellent
             good
             to
             make
             Kitchen
             tables
             of
             ,
             or
             for
             boards
             ,
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             Butchers
             .
             If
             you
             will
             chuse
             the
             most
             principallest
             Timber
             ,
             for
             Cart
             or
             Waine
             Axel
             trées
             ,
             for
             the
             naues
             of
             whéeles
             ,
             or
             for
             any
             other
             vse
             of
             toughnesse
             ,
             you
             shall
             chuse
             the
             Elme
             onely
             ,
             for
             it
             excéedeth
             all
             other
             Timbers
             ,
             and
             though
             some
             Husbandmen
             are
             of
             opinion
             ,
             that
             the
             Elme
             Axel-trée
             when
             it
             is
             throughly
             heated
             ,
             is
             then
             most
             apt
             to
             breake
             ,
             they
             are
             much
             deceiued
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             endure
             farre
             beyond
             Ash
             or
             any
             other
             Timber
             ,
             except
             Yewgh
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             scarsity
             is
             now
             of
             little
             vse
             in
             such
             a
             purpose
             .
             And
             herein
             you
             must
             obserue
             ,
             that
             the
             Elme
             which
             you
             chuse
             for
             Axel-trées
             must
             be
             straite
             ,
             smooth
             ,
             and
             without
             knots
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             you
             chuse
             for
             naues
             ,
             must
             be
             most
             knotty
             ,
             twound
             ,
             and
             the
             hardest
             to
             be
             broken
             or
             hewed
             asunder
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             will
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             Ploughes
             ,
             
             ordinary
             Axel-trées
             (
             for
             those
             of
             Elme
             are
             speciall
             )
             the
             rings
             of
             whéeles
             harrow
             bulls
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             chuse
             the
             fairest
             ,
             straightest
             ,
             biggest
             ,
             and
             smoothest
             growne
             Ash
             that
             you
             can
             finde
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             roote
             end
             vpward
             ,
             you
             shall
             cut
             out
             a
             length
             of
             Axel-trées
             ,
             aboue
             it
             a
             length
             of
             shelbordes
             ,
             and
             aboue
             it
             (
             if
             the
             Trée
             be
             so
             large
             )
             a
             length
             for
             heads
             and
             Skeathes
             ,
             the
             largest
             armes
             which
             are
             somewhat
             bending
             ,
             you
             shall
             elect
             for
             rings
             for
             whéeles
             ,
             and
             so
             according
             to
             the
             bignesse
             of
             the
             Ash
             ,
             and
             as
             your
             eye
             can
             proportion
             out
             what
             will
             be
             made
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             valuation
             thereof
             .
          
           
             If
             you
             would
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             ioyned
             Tables
             ,
             
             Cupbords
             ,
             or
             Bedsteds
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             make
             choise
             of
             the
             fairest
             Walnut-trée
             you
             can
             finde
             ,
             being
             olde
             ,
             straight
             ,
             vnknotted
             ,
             
             and
             of
             a
             high
             boale
             :
             and
             although
             either
             Oake
             ,
             or
             Ash
             will
             reasonably
             well
             serue
             for
             this
             purpose
             ,
             yet
             the
             Walnut-trée
             is
             by
             many
             degrées
             the
             best
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             of
             smoothest
             graine
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             eye
             most
             beautifull
             ,
             prouided
             that
             by
             no
             meanes
             you
             put
             it
             into
             any
             worke
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             excéedingly
             well
             seasoned
             .
          
           
             
             If
             you
             would
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             Ioynt
             stooles
             ,
             Chaires
             ,
             or
             Chests
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             chuse
             the
             oldest
             Peare-trée
             so
             it
             be
             sound
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             both
             smooth
             ,
             swéet
             ,
             and
             delicate
             ,
             and
             though
             it
             be
             a
             very
             soft
             Wood
             ,
             yet
             in
             any
             of
             these
             frames
             it
             is
             an
             excéeding
             long
             laster
             ,
             and
             the
             heart
             thereof
             will
             neuer
             bréede
             worme
             ,
             nor
             will
             it
             in
             any
             time
             loose
             the
             colour
             .
          
           
             
             If
             you
             would
             chuse
             Timber
             for
             Trenchers
             ,
             Dishes
             ,
             or
             any
             Tourners
             ware
             ,
             or
             for
             any
             in-laying
             worke
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             make
             choise
             of
             the
             fairest
             and
             soundest
             Maple
             ,
             being
             smooth
             and
             vnknotted
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             the
             plainest
             graine
             ,
             and
             the
             whitest
             Wood
             of
             all
             other
             :
             and
             although
             either
             the
             Béech
             or
             Poplar
             will
             reasonably
             well
             serue
             for
             these
             purposes
             ,
             yet
             is
             neither
             the
             colours
             so
             good
             ,
             nor
             the
             Timber
             so
             long
             lasting
             .
             Many
             other
             Trées
             there
             are
             which
             may
             serue
             for
             many
             other
             purposes
             :
             but
             these
             are
             of
             most
             vse
             for
             our
             English
             Husbandman
             ,
             and
             will
             sufficiently
             serue
             to
             passe
             through
             all
             his
             businesses
             .
          
           
             
             Touching
             Char-coale
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             Oake
             ,
             Elme
             ,
             and
             Ash
             ,
             make
             your
             longest
             and
             best
             en●uring
             Coale
             :
             the
             Birtch
             the
             finest
             and
             brightest
             Coale
             ,
             and
             the
             Béech
             or
             Sallow
             the
             swiftest
             Coale
             .
             Now
             for
             your
             small
             Coale
             ,
             the
             twigges
             of
             the
             Birtch
             makes
             that
             which
             kindles
             the
             soonest
             ,
             and
             the
             White-thorne
             that
             which
             endures
             the
             longest
             .
          
           
             
             Thus
             when
             you
             know
             how
             to
             chuse
             euery
             seuerall
             Trée
             ,
             and
             the
             true
             vse
             and
             profit
             which
             can
             any
             way
             be
             made
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             practised
             experience
             can
             cast
             by
             the
             suruay
             and
             view
             of
             a
             standing
             Wood
             ,
             the
             almost
             entire
             profit
             that
             may
             arise
             from
             the
             same
             ,
             deuiding
             in
             your
             memory
             how
             many
             are
             for
             euery
             seuerall
             purpose
             ,
             and
             to
             
             what
             reckoning
             they
             may
             amount
             one
             with
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             blemishing
             (
             if
             you
             buy
             )
             the
             good
             with
             the
             bad
             ,
             or
             making
             good
             (
             if
             you
             sell
             )
             the
             bad
             with
             those
             good-ones
             which
             grow
             néere
             them
             ,
             you
             may
             then
             boldly
             venture
             into
             any
             sale
             either
             as
             buyer
             or
             seller
             at
             you
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             sure
             if
             you
             know
             (
             as
             it
             is
             fit
             you
             should
             doe
             )
             the
             Market-able
             prices
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Timbers
             in
             those
             places
             ,
             where
             you
             are
             either
             to
             buy
             or
             sell
             ,
             as
             what
             a
             Mill-post
             is
             worth
             ,
             what
             so
             many
             inches
             of
             well
             squared
             Timber
             ,
             contayning
             so
             many
             foote
             in
             length
             ,
             what
             a
             dozen
             of
             boards
             of
             such
             a
             size
             ,
             what
             so
             many
             naues
             ,
             spoakes
             ,
             rings
             ,
             sparres
             ,
             or
             tracens
             ,
             or
             what
             so
             much
             sound
             and
             good
             Plough-timber
             is
             worth
             ,
             and
             then
             looking
             vpon
             a
             Trée
             ,
             and
             computing
             what
             may
             euery
             way
             be
             made
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             allowing
             the
             wast
             which
             will
             hardly
             sometimes
             defray
             the
             charge
             of
             breaking
             vp
             the
             Trée
             ,
             you
             cannot
             but
             with
             great
             ease
             draw
             into
             your
             minde
             the
             true
             value
             of
             euery
             Trée
             ,
             and
             the
             vttermost
             profit
             or
             losse
             may
             any
             way
             rise
             from
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             And
             in
             this
             worke
             I
             would
             haue
             you
             to
             obserue
             this
             rule
             very
             carefully
             ,
             
             that
             is
             ,
             when
             you
             come
             to
             any
             great
             Timber-trée
             ,
             to
             fathome
             or
             embrace
             it
             about
             with
             both
             your
             armes
             ,
             and
             then
             knowing
             what
             quantity
             your
             fathome
             is
             ,
             and
             how
             many
             fathome
             girdleth
             the
             Trée
             round
             about
             ,
             you
             may
             from
             former
             experience
             giue
             a
             certaine
             gesse
             what
             inches
             of
             squared
             Timber
             that
             Trée
             wil
             beare
             ,
             for
             if
             you
             haue
             found
             in
             former
             trials
             that
             twice
             your
             fathome
             in
             the
             rough
             barke
             hath
             borne
             twenty
             ,
             or
             two
             and
             twenty
             inches
             squared
             ,
             and
             now
             finde
             that
             the
             present
             Trée
             on
             which
             you
             looke
             ,
             is
             no
             lesse
             ,
             but
             rather
             with
             the
             bigger
             ,
             you
             may
             boldly
             presume
             ,
             that
             being
             sound
             ,
             this
             trée
             can
             carrie
             no
             lesse
             square
             of
             good
             Timber
             :
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             knowledge
             and
             choise
             of
             tall
             Woods
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             come
             to
             the
             seasons
             &
             fittest
             times
             for
             sale
             of
             these
             high
             Woods
             :
             
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             it
             is
             méete
             for
             euery
             good
             husband
             which
             intendeth
             to
             sell
             any
             of
             his
             high
             Woods●
             to
             walke
             into
             the
             same
             immediately
             after
             Christmas
             ,
             &
             whether
             they
             be
             in
             woods
             ,
             Groues
             ,
             hedge-rowes
             ,
             or
             
             other
             places
             ,
             to
             marke
             with
             a
             speciall
             marke
             all
             〈◊〉
             Trées
             which
             he
             intendeth
             to
             sell
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             the
             〈◊〉
             and
             cleansing
             out
             of
             all
             such
             as
             are
             decayed
             and
             wast●●
             ,
             〈◊〉
             also
             to
             know
             the
             true
             number
             of
             both
             the
             good
             and
             bad
             ,
             and
             thereby
             in
             some
             measure
             to
             compute
             the
             profit
             which
             will
             arise
             from
             the
             same
             ,
             for
             to
             make
             sale
             of
             them
             otherw●se
             confusedly
             ,
             might
             bring
             much
             losse
             to
             a
             man
             happily
             ,
             selling
             away
             those
             that
             would
             encrease
             their
             valewes
             ,
             and
             kéep●ing
             them
             which
             daily
             would
             decrease
             their
             goodnesse
             ,
             or
             so
             vnorderly
             vnmixing
             his
             Wood
             ,
             that
             where
             one
             faire
             and
             good
             Trée
             would
             draw
             a
             mans
             eye
             from
             beholding
             diuers
             which
             are
             doated
             ,
             now
             that
             onely
             taken
             away
             ,
             the
             rest
             will
             remaine
             ,
             and
             neuer
             be
             sale-able
             ,
             and
             therefore
             euer
             as
             néere
             as
             you
             can
             so
             suite
             and
             match
             your
             Trées
             together
             ,
             that
             in
             your
             sales
             you
             may
             neuer
             passe
             away
             an
             absolute
             worthie
             Trée
             :
             but
             you
             may
             euer
             couple
             some
             which
             haue
             defects
             to
             goe
             with
             it
             ,
             as
             in
             these
             dayes
             we
             sée
             Warri●e●s
             and
             Poulters
             sell
             Rabbets
             ,
             a
             fat
             and
             a
             leane
             euer
             coupled
             together
             .
             When
             you
             haue
             thus
             marked
             out
             what
             you
             meane
             to
             sell
             ,
             and
             disposed
             your
             sale
             according
             to
             your
             best
             profit
             ,
             
             after
             notice
             giuen
             vnto
             the
             Country
             in
             the
             Market
             Townes
             néere
             adioyning
             ,
             you
             shall
             begin
             your
             〈◊〉
             the
             Candlemasse
             following
             ,
             which
             sale
             you
             may
             continu●
             all
             the
             Spring
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             greatnesse
             thereof
             ,
             or
             the
             quicknesse
             of
             buyers
             .
             Now
             for
             any
             rules
             or
             orders
             to
             be
             obserued
             in
             these
             sales
             ,
             I
             can
             prescribe
             you
             none
             certaine
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             méete
             that
             euery
             one
             binde
             himselfe
             to
             the
             customes
             of
             the
             Country
             in
             which
             he
             liueth
             ,
             whose
             va●●●tions
             are
             diuers
             ,
             for
             almost
             euery
             one
             is
             seuerall
             ,
             onely
             in
             the
             maine
             they
             holde
             together
             ,
             which
             is
             that
             they
             seldom●
             make
             publike
             sales
             for
             money
             downe
             vpon
             the
             head
             ,
             but
             for
             a
             certaine
             payment
             some
             fewe
             moneths
             after
             ,
             which
             makes
             the
             Marchandise
             more
             lookt
             to
             ,
             and
             the
             sales
             goe
             away
             the
             faster
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             the
             Sales-man
             must
             be
             circumspect
             in
             the
             choise
             of
             his
             Chap-men
             ,
             and
             where
             h●●
             findeth
             any
             doubt
             there
             to
             make
             one
             neighbour
             〈◊〉
             bound
             for
             another
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             earnest
             penny
             it
             is
             ●uer
             〈◊〉
             
             and
             aboue
             the
             price
             ,
             and
             must
             be
             laide
             downe
             at
             the
             binding
             vp
             of
             the
             bargaine
             ,
             which
             earnest
             is
             in
             some
             Countries
             foure
             pence
             in
             the
             pound
             ,
             in
             some
             eight
             pence
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             twelue
             pence
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             the
             Timber
             ,
             and
             hath
             euer
             béene
             taken
             for
             a
             fée
             due
             to
             the
             Sales-man
             for
             his
             paines
             and
             attendance
             :
             and
             sure
             if
             he
             be
             carefully
             honest
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             merrit
             well
             bestowed
             :
             if
             otherwise
             ,
             it
             is
             much
             too
             much
             for
             falshood
             ,
             for
             in
             him
             consists
             the
             owners
             losse
             or
             profit
             ,
             and
             therefore
             it
             may
             become
             any
             man
             ,
             of
             what
             place
             so
             euer
             ,
             to
             take
             a
             strickt
             account
             from
             such
             an
             officer
             :
             or
             if
             he
             haue
             any
             doubt
             euer
             to
             ioyne
             with
             him
             in
             commission
             ,
             another
             of
             contrary
             faction
             .
          
           
             When
             you
             haue
             made
             sale
             of
             your
             Timber
             ,
             
             you
             shall
             by
             no
             meanes
             let
             it
             be
             cut
             downe
             till
             the
             end
             of
             Aprill
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             the
             sap
             ascending
             vpward
             ,
             will
             loosen
             the
             bark
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             come
             from
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Trée
             easily
             .
             You
             shall
             cut
             your
             Timber
             downe
             close
             by
             the
             earth
             ,
             not
             digge
             it
             vp
             by
             the
             rootes
             ,
             vnlesse
             you
             meane
             vtterly
             to
             destroy
             it
             ,
             for
             from
             the
             spurnes
             of
             the
             roote
             will
             arise
             new
             Spiers
             ,
             which
             in
             processe
             of
             time
             ,
             will
             come
             to
             another
             Trée
             .
             As
             soone
             as
             you
             haue
             felled
             your
             Oakes
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             your
             Axe
             immediatly
             whilst
             the
             sap
             is
             wet
             ,
             take
             all
             the
             bark●
             from
             the
             body
             and
             the
             armes
             ,
             and
             setting
             it
             end-wayes
             vp
             one
             by
             another
             ,
             so
             place
             it
             ,
             that
             the
             winde
             may
             passe
             through
             it
             ,
             and
             dry
             it
             ,
             and
             then
             fell
             it
             to
             the
             Tanners
             ,
             which
             will
             giue
             you
             a
             good
             price
             therefore
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             worth
             and
             scarsity
             thereof
             .
             When
             your
             Trées
             are
             barkt
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             sawe
             the
             body
             into
             such
             lengthes
             of
             Timber
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             méete
             for
             the
             purpose
             for
             which
             it
             is
             bought
             ,
             or
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             it
             may
             be
             best
             portable
             :
             the
             armes
             also
             you
             shall
             hewe
             from
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             so
             burken
             or
             breake
             them
             vp
             ,
             as
             they
             may
             be
             fit
             to
             be
             loaded
             :
             all
             which
             done
             ,
             and
             the
             Timber
             caried
             away
             ,
             you
             shall
             ,
             if
             you
             intend
             to
             haue
             the
             Wood
             renew
             ,
             fence
             in
             the
             sale
             ,
             and
             kéepe
             it
             safe
             from
             Cattell
             :
             and
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             preseruation
             and
             sale
             of
             ●igh
             Woods
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             Of
             the
             breeding
             of
             Wood
             in
             rich
             champaine
             soyles
             .
          
           
             NAture
             which
             is
             the
             most
             perfect
             worke-mistresse
             of
             all
             things
             (
             as
             all
             the
             Philosophers
             say
             )
             but
             I
             say
             our
             good
             God
             out
             of
             his
             most
             diuine
             wisedome
             ,
             hath
             allotted
             to
             euery
             soyle
             ,
             if
             we
             will
             note
             it
             ,
             through
             the
             whole
             course
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             particular
             profit
             to
             sustaine
             and
             maintaine
             it
             ,
             as
             to
             some
             Mines
             ,
             to
             some
             Timber
             ,
             and
             to
             some
             fertility
             of
             grasse
             and
             corne
             ,
             and
             where
             any
             one
             of
             these
             are
             ,
             there
             commonly
             some
             of
             the
             other
             is
             euer
             wanting
             ,
             as
             we
             〈◊〉
             daily
             in
             our
             experience
             ;
             and
             for
             as
             much
             as
             in
             the
             fruitfull
             and
             fertill
             soyles
             of
             this
             land
             ,
             of
             which
             wée
             estéeme
             the
             wealthie
             vales
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             
               Essam
               ,
               White
               horse
            
             ,
             Beluoire
             ●
             and
             many
             others
             the
             best
             ,
             there
             is
             euer
             great
             scarsitie
             of
             Wood
             ,
             the
             very
             wealthinesse
             of
             the
             soyle
             it selfe
             almost
             denying
             to
             beare
             such
             burden
             ,
             because
             for
             the
             most
             part
             the
             stifnesse
             of
             those
             clayes
             is
             contrary
             to
             their
             growth
             ,
             yet
             for
             as
             much
             as
             the
             necessitie
             and
             vse
             of
             Wood
             is
             so
             great
             and
             valuable
             ,
             I
             would
             perswade
             euery
             good
             and
             worthy
             Husbandman
             to
             endeauour
             himselfe
             with
             all
             his
             vtmost
             power
             and
             strength
             ,
             to
             plant
             wood
             in
             euery
             conuenient
             place
             round
             about
             him
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             take
             the
             rules
             of
             the
             ignorant
             for
             his
             lesson
             ,
             that
             sith
             neuer
             any
             did
             grow
             there
             ,
             therefore
             neuer
             any
             will
             grow
             there
             :
             for
             it
             is
             absurd
             and
             foolish
             :
             nor
             to
             say
             because
             my
             auncestors
             haue
             neuer
             done
             it
             why
             should
             I
             attempt
             it
             ?
             These
             arguments
             are
             made
             from
             a
             false
             ●●gure
             ,
             and
             the
             Husbandman
             must
             remember
             that
             his
             dutie
             is
             industrie
             ,
             and
             encrease
             not
             altogether
             imitation
             and
             president
             ,
             and
             he
             must
             as
             seriously
             finde
             out
             new
             and
             néerer
             profits
             ,
             as
             hold
             those
             he
             hath
             learned
             :
             and
             therefore
             ●e
             shall
             endeauour
             by
             all
             commendable
             labour
             to
             haue
             euer
             about
             him
             whatsoeuer
             is
             necessarie
             for
             his
             vse
             :
             but
             you
             
             will
             peraduenture
             aunswere
             me
             ,
             that
             to
             plant
             Woods
             in
             these
             rich
             soyles
             ,
             were
             very
             much
             losse
             ,
             because
             the
             fertilitie
             thereof
             will
             yéeld
             a
             much
             better
             profit
             .
             To
             this
             I
             reply
             ,
             that
             I
             would
             not
             haue
             you
             plant
             any
             spacious
             piece
             of
             ground
             with
             wood
             ,
             but
             onely
             your
             ditches
             ,
             hedges
             ,
             and
             such
             wast
             earthes
             ,
             as
             almost
             denie
             any
             other
             profit
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             want
             of
             wood
             in
             those
             places
             may
             not
             discourage
             you
             ,
             to
             imagine
             that
             wood
             will
             not
             grow
             there
             .
             Doe
             but
             view
             the
             cytes
             of
             euery
             Towne
             in
             those
             rich
             Countries
             ,
             the
             seates
             of
             Noblemen
             &
             Gentlemens
             houses
             ,
             and
             the
             Parks
             which
             commonly
             are
             adioyning
             there-vnto
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             hardly
             sée
             any
             of
             them
             without
             the
             fellowship
             &
             acquaintance
             of
             some
             wood
             ,
             which
             in
             times
             past
             hath
             béene
             planted
             either
             for
             defence
             or
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             collect
             that
             if
             wood
             will
             grow
             with
             my
             next
             neighbour
             ,
             then
             why
             not
             with
             me
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             the
             soyle
             doth
             not
             alter
             ?
             But
             
               Labor
               vincit
               omnia
               improbus
            
             ,
             True
             industrie
             was
             neuer
             fruitlesse
             .
             Then
             for
             the
             generall
             good
             both
             of
             your selfe
             &
             your
             neighbours
             ,
             looke
             that
             you
             replenish
             all
             your
             ditches
             &
             ring
             fences
             ,
             with
             good
             store
             of
             Quick-set
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             all
             that
             lye
             high
             ,
             &
             out
             of
             the
             danger
             of
             water
             ,
             with
             White-thorne
             ,
             Black-thorne
             ,
             and
             Bryer
             ,
             and
             those
             which
             are
             low
             &
             subiect
             to
             washing
             ,
             with
             Willowes
             ,
             Sallowes
             ,
             and
             Ozyers
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             as
             much
             as
             it
             is
             not
             enough
             to
             say
             vnto
             the
             Husbandman
             do
             this
             ,
             
             but
             that
             I
             must
             also
             shew
             the
             manner
             of
             doing
             thereof
             :
             I
             will
             shew
             you
             briefly
             how
             to
             set
             all
             manner
             of
             Quick-sets
             ,
             and
             first
             for
             the
             white-thorne
             ,
             black-thorne
             ,
             brye●
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             which
             must
             stand
             frée
             from
             inundation
             ,
             you
             shal
             when
             you
             enclose
             any
             piece
             of
             ground
             ,
             after
             you
             haue
             markt
             out
             the
             true
             breadth
             of
             your
             dyke
             vpon
             the
             in-side
             thereof
             ,
             and
             close
             by
             the
             verdge
             of
             the
             dyke
             ,
             cut
             with
             your
             spade
             a
             little
             trough
             ,
             halfe
             a
             foote
             or
             there-abouts
             in
             breadth
             &
             depth
             ,
             in
             which
             trough
             or
             small
             gutter
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             the
             rootes
             of
             the
             first
             rowe
             of
             your
             Quick-sets
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             top
             ends
             may
             looke
             vpward
             ,
             &
             a
             little
             bend
             in
             towards
             the
             ditch
             ,
             &
             these
             quick-sets
             you
             shall
             place
             within
             lesse
             then
             a
             foot
             one
             of
             another
             :
             then
             with
             your
             spade
             
             beginning
             to
             make
             your
             ditch
             ,
             you
             shall
             with
             the
             〈◊〉
             cleane
             mould
             ,
             couer
             all
             the
             rootes
             close
             and
             fast
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             will
             not
             shake
             nor
             stirre
             with
             your
             hand
             ,
             then
             hauing
             r●●sed
             the
             banke
             of
             your
             Dyke
             ,
             and
             couered
             the
             lowest
             〈◊〉
             of
             Quick-set
             more
             then
             halfe
             a
             foote
             ,
             and
             broken
             the
             earth
             so
             ,
             as
             it
             may
             lye
             close
             and
             handsome
             together
             :
             you
             shall
             then
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             lay
             another
             rowe
             of
             Quick-set
             ouer
             the
             first
             ,
             I
             meane
             not
             one
             Quick-set
             directly
             ouer
             another
             ,
             but
             the
             second
             rowe
             placed
             as
             it
             were
             in
             the
             mid●●
             betwéene
             two
             of
             the
             first
             ,
             though
             at
             least
             halfe
             a
             f●●te
             higher
             :
             then
             you
             shall
             couer
             that
             rowe
             like
             the
             former
             ,
             and
             ouer
             it
             place
             a
             third
             ,
             which
             shall
             stand
             directly
             opposite
             ,
             and
             ouer
             the
             first
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             their
             growth
             the
             middle
             rowe
             shall
             as
             it
             were
             grow
             betwéene
             two
             of
             the
             lowest
             ,
             and
             two
             of
             the
             highest
             :
             and
             then
             vpon
             this
             vppermost
             rowe
             lay
             the
             remainder
             of
             your
             earth
             ,
             and
             make
             your
             barke
             perfect
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             sort
             finishing
             one
             yard
             of
             the
             Ditch
             after
             another
             ,
             you
             shall
             at
             length
             bring
             your
             labour
             to
             the
             end
             of
             your
             desire
             .
             Now
             in
             this
             labour
             you
             are
             to
             obserue
             som●
             speciall
             things
             ,
             as
             first
             to
             looke
             well
             vpon
             your
             Sets
             before
             you
             put
             them
             into
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             be
             sure
             that
             they
             be
             gréene
             ,
             young
             ,
             and
             vntainted
             ,
             then
             that
             the
             rootes
             〈◊〉
             cleane
             ,
             and
             no
             small
             thréeds
             or
             iagges
             hanging
             about
             them
             .
             And
             lastly
             ,
             that
             they
             stand
             vpright
             ,
             and
             not
             aboue
             foure
             or
             fiue
             inches
             without
             the
             earth
             at
             the
             most
             ,
             then
             shall
             you
             looke
             well
             to
             the
             making
             of
             your
             banke
             ,
             and
             lay
             the
             earth
             so
             as
             it
             may
             not
             flip
             or
             fall
             backe
             into
             the
             Dyke
             ,
             so
             as
             the
             raine
             may
             wash
             away
             the
             mould
             ,
             and
             leaue
             the
             rootes
             bare
             :
             but
             let
             all
             things
             be
             done
             strongly
             and
             artificially
             .
             The
             best
             seasons
             for
             this
             worke
             is
             the
             moneths
             of
             February
             ,
             March
             ,
             and
             Aprill
             ,
             or
             September
             ,
             October
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             Nouember
             :
             if
             the
             weather
             be
             dry
             aboue
             head
             ,
             when
             you
             haue
             set
             your
             Quick-set
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             a
             dead
             hedge
             vpon
             the
             top
             of
             the
             new
             banke
             ,
             to
             kéepe
             th●se
             Cattell
             which
             are
             within
             your
             ground
             ,
             from
             breaking
             forth
             or
             hurting
             the
             Quick-set
             :
             and
             another
             small
             fence
             on
             the
             lowe
             verdge
             of
             the
             Dyke
             which
             is
             outward
             ,
             to
             
             kéepe
             those
             cattell
             which
             graze
             without
             from
             running
             into
             the
             dyke
             ,
             and
             hurting
             the
             quick-set
             .
             Now
             after
             a
             spring
             and
             fall
             is
             past
             ,
             you
             shall
             suruay
             all
             your
             quick-set
             and
             wéede
             it
             cleane
             from
             all
             manner
             of
             filthinesse
             that
             doth
             choake
             or
             stifle
             it
             ,
             and
             scratching
             the
             fresh
             mould
             about
             it
             giue
             comfort
             to
             the
             roote
             :
             then
             if
             yo●
             perceiue
             that
             any
             of
             your
             Sets
             be
             dead
             ,
             you
             shall
             plucke
             them
             vp
             ,
             and
             place
             new
             in
             the
             roome
             ,
             and
             if
             any
             be
             blasted
             in
             part
             ,
             and
             not
             cleane
             killed
             ,
             you
             shall
             cut
             away
             so
             much
             as
             is
             blasted
             ,
             and
             let
             the
             rest
             remaine
             ,
             you
             shall
             looke
             well
             to
             the
             Caterpiller
             and
             other
             wormes
             ,
             which
             mightily
             deuoure
             Quick-sets
             ,
             especially
             in
             these
             fat
             Countries
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             finde
             any
             taint
             of
             them
             ,
             destroy
             them
             as
             is
             shewed
             you
             in
             a
             former
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             After
             your
             Quick-set
             is
             come
             to
             the
             age
             of
             thrée
             yéeres
             ,
             
             and
             that
             the
             banke
             is
             setled
             and
             swarth
             growne
             thereon
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             within
             the
             body
             of
             your
             hedges
             plant
             all
             manner
             of
             great
             Trées
             ,
             as
             Ash
             ,
             Béech
             ,
             Maple
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             and
             also
             all
             manner
             of
             fruit
             Trées
             ,
             as
             Aples
             ,
             Peares
             ,
             Plums
             ,
             Wardens
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             first
             thrée
             yéeres
             be
             very
             carefull
             to
             preserue
             each
             in
             his
             true
             proper
             nature
             ,
             and
             doe
             to
             them
             all
             the
             rights
             which
             is
             due
             to
             their
             growth
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             time
             obserue
             which
             kinde
             of
             Trées
             in
             the
             generality
             prospereth
             best
             ,
             and
             agréeth
             most
             naturally
             with
             the
             soyle
             .
             And
             of
             those
             Trées
             s●e
             that
             you
             flourish
             your
             grounds
             most
             plentifully
             ,
             the
             particular
             manner
             of
             planting
             whereof
             is
             already
             formerly
             declared
             .
             And
             hence
             doth
             Kent
             and
             Worcester
             shire
             boast
             of
             their
             fruit
             ,
             
               Windsor
               ,
               Sherwood
            
             ,
             and
             Hollam
             shire
             their
             Oakes
             ,
             and
             other
             particular
             Countries
             their
             particular
             commodities
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             setting
             of
             Willow
             ,
             
             Sallow
             ,
             and
             Oziers
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             thing
             so
             vsuall
             and
             common
             ,
             that
             it
             néedeth
             no
             great
             Art
             in
             the
             relation
             ,
             yet
             because
             I
             would
             be
             loath
             that
             any
             omission
             should
             be
             taken
             for
             negligence
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             in
             setting
             them
             you
             must
             first
             respect
             the
             place
             ,
             which
             would
             euer
             be
             lowe
             and
             moyst
             ,
             the
             water
             sometimes
             washing
             them
             ,
             sometimes
             cooling
             them
             ,
             and
             euer
             
             giuing
             them
             comfort
             .
             Now
             to
             speake
             fir●●
             〈…〉
             low
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             euer
             planted
             vpon
             bankes
             ,
             wher●
             〈…〉
             stand
             more
             dry
             then
             wet
             ,
             for
             such
             prosper
             be●t
             ,
             and
             ●●dure
             longest
             ,
             as
             for
             proofe
             some
             will
             continue
             ,
             twelue
             ,
             ●●●●teene
             ,
             nay
             one
             and
             twentie
             yéeres
             ,
             where
             as
             those
             which
             are
             set
             close
             by
             the
             water
             ,
             will
             hardly
             endure
             〈…〉
             not
             aboue
             nine
             yéeres
             at
             the
             most
             .
             Touching
             their
             pla●●ing
             ,
             they
             be
             set
             two
             manner
             of
             wayes
             ,
             but
             which
             is
             the
             best
             ,
             is
             not
             yet
             agréed
             on
             amongst
             Husbandmen
             .
             The
             first
             is
             to
             take
             an
             A●gure
             full
             as
             large
             in
             compasse
             (
             〈◊〉
             much
             shorter
             )
             as
             that
             where-with
             you
             boare
             Pump●
             and
             with
             it
             boare
             a
             hole
             in
             the
             earth
             two-foote
             ,
             and
             a
             〈◊〉
             déepe
             ,
             then
             hauing
             headed
             some
             of
             the
             choysest
             W●●●lowes
             you
             haue
             ,
             take
             the
             fairest
             and
             straightest
             of
             th●se
             lops
             ,
             and
             then
             cutting
             them
             sloape-wise
             at
             both
             ends
             ,
             and
             leauing
             no
             superfluous
             twigs
             cleauing
             there-vnto
             ,
             put
             the
             bigger
             end
             downe
             very
             hard
             into
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             then
             with
             the
             mould
             which
             came
             forth
             ,
             with
             the
             Augure
             〈◊〉
             the
             earth
             close
             and
             hard
             about
             the
             Set
             ,
             so
             as
             no
             reason●●ble
             strength
             may
             shake
             it
             .
             Now
             there
             be
             other
             Husband●men
             which
             in
             stéed
             of
             the
             Augure
             take
             onely
             an
             Oaken
             〈◊〉
             Ash
             stake
             ,
             of
             the
             bignesse
             of
             an
             vsuall
             set
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             B●●●tell
             driue
             it
             into
             the
             ground
             two
             foote
             and
             a
             halfe
             ,
             and
             the●
             by
             shaking
             and
             opening
             the
             earth
             ,
             pull
             it
             out
             againe
             &
             then
             put
             in
             the
             Set
             as
             is
             before
             shewed
             ,
             and
             beate
             〈◊〉
             tread
             the
             earth
             close
             there-vnto
             ,
             and
             there
             is
             no
             〈…〉
             the
             well
             prospering
             thereof
             .
             Now
             for
             the
             defects
             which
             Husbandmen
             finde
             in
             these
             two
             seuerall
             plantings
             .
             Some
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             Augure
             taketh
             out
             so
             much
             earth
             ,
             that
             the
             Set
             cannot
             but
             stand
             loose
             at
             the
             roote
             ,
             and
             so
             wanting
             full
             hold
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             either
             takes
             not
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             continues
             but
             a
             little
             space
             .
             Others
             say
             that
             the
             driuing
             in
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             beates
             the
             earth
             so
             hard
             together
             ,
             that
             it
             withstandeth
             the
             passage
             of
             the
             tender
             sprouts
             ,
             &
             so
             killeth
             the
             set
             ,
             but
             〈◊〉
             are
             deceiued
             :
             for
             these
             are
             but
             suppositions
             ,
             and
             expe●●●ence
             daily
             shewes
             vs
             ,
             that
             these
             are
             the
             best
             and
             〈◊〉
             wayes
             of
             setting
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Willowes
             that
             euer
             〈◊〉
             
             time
             brought
             forth
             ,
             and
             I
             haue
             knowne
             one
             man
             set
             this
             way
             two
             hundreth
             Sets
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             of
             which
             not
             one
             hath
             failed
             ,
             but
             all
             prospered
             .
             Now
             for
             your
             Sallowes
             ,
             you
             shall
             set
             them
             ,
             and
             chuse
             the
             Sets
             in
             all
             poynts
             as
             you
             doe
             the
             Willow
             ,
             onely
             they
             would
             be
             placed
             a
             little
             néerer
             the
             water
             ,
             for
             they
             delight
             some-what
             more
             in
             moysture
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             Ozier
             it
             would
             be
             set
             like
             other
             Quick-set
             in
             the
             side
             of
             bankes
             ,
             so
             as
             it
             may
             almost
             touch
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             as
             your
             Willowes
             or
             Sallowes
             would
             be
             set
             a
             little
             remote
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             as
             namely
             tenne
             foote
             asunder
             :
             so
             these
             must
             be
             set
             close
             together
             ,
             and
             in
             thicke
             rowes
             one
             against
             another
             :
             and
             these
             Ozier
             Plants
             you
             must
             cut
             from
             their
             head
             ,
             being
             the
             principall
             spiers
             which
             grow
             thereon
             ,
             and
             then
             cut
             off
             their
             tops
             ,
             leauing
             them
             not
             aboue
             two
             foote
             long
             at
             the
             most
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             other
             they
             are
             the
             quickest
             in
             growing
             .
          
           
             And
             although
             Willow
             ,
             
             Sallow
             ,
             and
             Ozyer
             ,
             are
             in
             our
             lawes
             estéemed
             but
             as
             wéedes
             and
             no
             Woods
             ,
             yet
             they
             be
             so
             profitable
             ,
             that
             the
             Husbandman
             can
             hardly
             misse
             them
             ,
             the
             Willow
             and
             Sallow
             seruing
             for
             fence
             and
             fewell
             ,
             to
             make
             Harrowes
             ,
             Cart-saddles
             ,
             &
             horse
             Hames
             ,
             and
             the
             Ozyers
             ,
             for
             fish
             Leapes
             ,
             or
             Wéeles
             ,
             for
             Baskets
             ,
             Scuttels
             ,
             Fans
             to
             winnow
             with
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             things
             full
             as
             necessary
             :
             therefore
             if
             you
             haue
             any
             marish
             grounds
             that
             are
             vselesse
             ,
             bogge-myers
             ,
             or
             Ilands
             in
             great
             riuers
             ,
             let
             them
             be
             imployed
             to
             the
             nourishing
             of
             these
             profitable
             wéedes
             ,
             and
             by
             making
             draynes
             through
             them
             to
             giue
             the
             water
             passage
             ,
             you
             shall
             in
             small
             time
             bring
             them
             to
             earthes
             of
             great
             profit
             ,
             which
             consideration
             were
             it
             rightly
             wayed
             ,
             there
             would
             not
             be
             halfe
             so
             much
             wast
             ground
             as
             is
             in
             this
             Kingdome
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             my
             purpose
             ,
             
             when
             you
             haue
             planted
             these
             Willowes
             ,
             you
             shall
             after
             euery
             floud
             ,
             sée
             if
             the
             water
             haue
             driuen
             any
             of
             them
             awry
             ,
             or
             displease
             them
             ,
             and
             immediately
             mend
             them
             ,
             and
             set
             them
             vp
             straight
             againe
             .
             It
             any
             Cattell
             shall
             pyll
             or
             barke
             them
             ,
             you
             shall
             pull
             vp
             such
             Settes
             ,
             and
             place
             new
             in
             their
             roome
             .
             
             Your
             Willow
             set
             would
             by
             no
             meanes
             be
             to
             long
             〈…〉
             first
             setting
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             will
             neuer
             beare
             a
             good
             〈…〉
             too
             short
             is
             likewise
             as
             vnprofitable
             ,
             therefore
             it
             is
             hold
             to
             be
             fiue
             foote
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             is
             a
             length
             sufficient●
             you
             may
             head
             your
             Willowes
             once
             in
             thrée
             yéeres
             ,
             or
             〈◊〉
             at
             the
             furthest
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             sée
             the
             bodies
             waxe
             hollow●
             you
             may
             cut
             them
             downe
             for
             the
             fire
             ,
             and
             fixe
             new
             Sets
             in
             their
             places
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Ozier
             to
             come
             to
             his
             true
             profit
             and
             season
             ,
             asketh
             much
             pruning
             and
             trimming
             ,
             as
             namely
             you
             must
             kéepe
             the
             stocke
             lowe
             ,
             and
             neuer
             aboue
             halfe
             a
             foote
             aboue
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             must
             picke
             them
             cleane
             from
             Mosse
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             slime
             and
             filth
             ,
             which
             the
             euer-flow
             of
             the
             water
             will
             leaue
             vpon
             them
             :
             you
             shall
             prune
             the
             small
             spiers
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             grow
             single
             one
             by
             another
             ,
             and
             if
             any
             shoote
             out
             a
             double
             stalke
             ,
             you
             shall
             cut
             it
             away
             ,
             you
             may
             head
             them
             euery
             second
             yéere
             at
             the
             fall
             onely
             ,
             and
             though
             some
             head
             them
             once
             a
             yéere
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             not
             so
             good
             husbandry
             ,
             nor
             will
             the
             Ozier
             be
             so
             tough
             or
             long
             lasting
             .
             The
             best
             seasons
             for
             the
             setting
             of
             the
             Willow
             ,
             Sallow
             ,
             or
             Ozier
             is
             ,
             either
             any
             part
             of
             the
             Spring
             or
             Fall
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             time
             to
             loppe
             the
             Willow
             or
             Sallow
             ,
             is
             in
             the
             Spring
             for
             fence
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Fall
             for
             timber
             or
             fewell
             :
             but
             the
             Ozier
             would
             be
             cut
             at
             the
             fall
             of
             the
             leafe
             onely
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             bréeding
             of
             Wood
             in
             the
             rich
             champaine
             Countries
             .
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             Of
             Plashing
             of
             Hedges
             ,
             and
             Lopping
             of
             Timber
             .
          
           
             HAuing
             alreadie
             sufficiently
             in
             the
             former
             Chapter
             spoken
             of
             the
             planting
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             quick-sets
             ,
             it
             is
             méete
             now
             that
             I
             shew
             you
             how
             to
             order
             the
             hedges
             being
             growne
             and
             come
             to
             
             perfection
             .
             Know
             then
             that
             if
             after
             your
             hedge
             is
             come
             to
             sixe
             or
             seauen
             yéeres
             of
             age
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             it
             grew
             on
             without
             cutting
             or
             pruning
             ,
             that
             then
             although
             it
             grow
             thicke
             at
             the
             top
             ,
             yet
             it
             will
             decay
             and
             grow
             so
             thinne
             at
             the
             bottome
             ,
             that
             not
             onely
             beasts
             but
             men
             may
             runne
             through
             it
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             end
             it
             will
             dye
             and
             come
             to
             nothing
             ,
             which
             to
             preuent
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             good
             once
             in
             seauen
             or
             eight
             yéeres
             to
             plash
             and
             lay
             all
             your
             Quick-set
             hedges
             ,
             in
             which
             there
             is
             much
             fine
             Art
             and
             cunning
             to
             be
             vsed
             .
             
             For
             this
             plashing
             is
             a
             halfe
             cutting
             or
             deuiding
             of
             the
             quicke
             growth
             ,
             almost
             to
             the
             outward
             barke
             ,
             and
             then
             laying
             it
             orderly
             in
             a
             sloape
             manner
             ,
             as
             you
             sée
             a
             cunning
             hedger
             lay
             a
             dead
             hedge
             ,
             and
             then
             with
             the
             smaller
             and
             more
             plyant
             branches
             ,
             to
             wreathe
             and
             binde
             in
             the
             tops
             ,
             making
             a
             fence
             as
             strong
             as
             a
             wall
             ,
             for
             the
             roofe
             which
             is
             more
             then
             halfe
             cut
             in
             sunder
             ,
             putting
             forth
             new
             branches
             ,
             which
             runne
             and
             entangle
             themselues
             amongst
             the
             olde
             stockes
             ,
             doe
             so
             thicken
             and
             fortifie
             the
             hedge
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             against
             the
             force
             of
             beasts
             impregnable
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             giue
             you
             some
             light
             how
             you
             shall
             plash
             a
             hedge
             ,
             
             though
             diuers
             Countries
             differ
             diuersly
             in
             those
             workes
             ,
             yet
             as
             néere
             as
             I
             can
             I
             will
             shew
             you
             that
             which
             of
             the
             best
             Husbandmen
             is
             the
             best
             estéemed
             .
             
             First
             ,
             for
             the
             time
             of
             yéere
             either
             February
             or
             October
             ,
             is
             passing
             good
             ,
             and
             the
             encrease
             of
             the
             Moone
             would
             likewise
             be
             obserued
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             tooles
             which
             you
             shall
             imploy
             ,
             
             they
             would
             be
             a
             very
             sharpe
             nimble
             Hatchet
             ,
             a
             good
             Bill
             ,
             and
             a
             fine
             pruning
             knife
             .
             Now
             for
             the
             worke
             you
             shall
             enter
             into
             it
             ,
             first
             with
             your
             Bill
             you
             shall
             cut
             away
             all
             the
             superfluous
             boughes
             and
             branches
             which
             are
             of
             no
             vse
             ,
             or
             hinder
             your
             worke
             ,
             and
             then
             finding
             the
             principall
             stemmes
             which
             issue
             from
             the
             maine
             roote
             ,
             you
             shall
             within
             a
             foote
             or
             lesse
             of
             the
             ground
             with
             your
             Hatchet
             ,
             cut
             the
             same
             more
             then
             thrée
             quarters
             through
             ,
             so
             as
             they
             may
             hang
             together
             by
             nothing
             but
             the
             outward
             barke
             ,
             and
             some
             part
             of
             the
             outward
             sap
             ,
             and
             this
             stroke
             must
             euer
             be
             sloape-wise
             and
             
             downeward
             :
             then
             take
             those
             mayne
             bodies
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             set
             ,
             so
             cut
             ,
             and
             lay
             them
             sloape-wise
             from
             you
             ,
             as
             you
             would
             lay
             a
             dead
             hedge
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             branches
             which
             extend
             from
             those
             bodies
             ,
             and
             would
             spread
             outwardly
             ,
             you
             shall
             likewise
             cut
             as
             before
             said
             ,
             and
             fould
             them
             〈…〉
             into
             your
             head
             ,
             and
             euer
             within
             a
             yard
             or
             two
             distance
             ,
             where
             a
             pretie
             Plant
             growes
             straight
             vp
             ,
             you
             shall
             onely
             cut
             off
             the
             top
             equall
             with
             the
             height
             of
             your
             hedge
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             stand
             as
             a
             stake
             ,
             about
             which
             you
             shall
             folde
             and
             twind
             all
             your
             other
             branches
             .
             Now
             when
             you
             come
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             hedge
             ,
             which
             would
             commonly
             not
             be
             aboue
             fiue
             foote
             high
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             the
             longest
             ,
             youngest
             ,
             and
             most
             plyant
             boughes
             ,
             and
             cutting
             them
             as
             afore-said
             gently
             binde
             in
             the
             tops
             of
             all
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             so
             make
             your
             hedge
             strong
             and
             perfect
             :
             and
             herein
             is
             to
             be
             noted
             ,
             that
             the
             ●●eser
             and
             thicker
             you
             lay
             your
             hedge
             (
             so
             there
             be
             nothing
             in
             it
             superfluous
             )
             the
             stronger
             and
             better
             lasting
             it
             will
             be
             .
             Many
             vse
             not
             to
             binde
             in
             the
             tops
             of
             their
             plasht
             hedge●
             ,
             but
             onely
             to
             lay
             the
             Quick-set
             and
             no
             more
             :
             but
             it
             is
             not
             so
             husbandly
             ,
             neither
             is
             the
             hedge
             of
             any
             indurance
             :
             many
             other
             curiosities
             there
             be
             in
             the
             plashing
             of
             hedges
             ,
             but
             this
             which
             I
             haue
             alreadie
             shewed
             ,
             is
             sufficient
             both
             for
             the
             Husbandmans
             benefit
             and
             vnderstanding
             .
          
           
             
             The
             profit
             which
             ariseth
             from
             this
             labour
             ,
             is
             the
             maintenance
             and
             defence
             of
             fencing
             ,
             the
             preseruing
             and
             encrease
             of
             Quick-set
             ,
             and
             a
             continuance
             of
             amitie
             amongst
             neighbours
             ,
             when
             one
             liues
             frée
             from
             offending
             another
             .
             It
             yéeldeth
             a
             good
             Mast
             for
             Swine
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             ouer-plus
             thereof
             at
             these
             times
             of
             plashings
             ,
             repaireth
             all
             a
             mans
             dead
             hedges
             ,
             and
             brings
             good
             store
             of
             fewell
             both
             to
             the
             Brewhouse
             ,
             Kitchin
             ,
             and
             Backhouse
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             to
             the
             plashing
             ,
             is
             the
             lopping
             of
             Timber-Trées
             ,
             which
             in
             those
             Countries
             which
             are
             bare
             and
             naked
             of
             wood
             ,
             is
             of
             much
             vse
             ,
             and
             though
             I
             cannot
             much
             commend
             it
             ,
             because
             it
             oft
             marreth
             the
             bodies
             of
             Trées
             ,
             yet
             I
             must
             allow
             it
             for
             necessary
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             a
             néedfull
             rate
             ,
             which
             the
             Trées
             pay
             to
             their
             Planters
             .
          
           
           
             This
             lopping
             or
             heading
             of
             Trées
             ,
             
             is
             the
             cutting
             off
             of
             the
             armes
             and
             vppermost
             branches
             of
             Trées
             ,
             and
             suffering
             the
             body
             to
             grow
             still
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             very
             well
             be
             done
             once
             in
             eight
             or
             tenne
             yéeres
             ,
             
             either
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Fall
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             haue
             occasion
             to
             vse
             the
             wood
             ,
             and
             immediately
             after
             the
             Moone
             hath
             new
             changed
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             worke
             ,
             
             there
             is
             small
             curiositie
             to
             be
             vsed
             therein
             ,
             if
             your
             Axe
             be
             good
             and
             sharpe
             ,
             for
             you
             shall
             but
             cut
             off
             the
             armes
             and
             boughes
             ,
             smooth
             and
             cleane
             without
             nickes
             ,
             rifts
             ,
             or
             gutters
             ,
             or
             any
             thing
             which
             may
             receiue
             wet
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Trée
             maybe
             cankred
             and
             spoyled
             .
             Also
             in
             cutting
             away
             of
             the
             armes
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             a
             great
             care
             rather
             to
             cut
             them
             away
             (
             if
             it
             be
             possible
             )
             vpward
             then
             downeward
             ,
             least
             when
             you
             cut
             them
             downeward
             ,
             the
             waight
             of
             the
             arme
             sodainly
             falling
             downe
             ,
             riue
             and
             teare
             the
             barke
             of
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Trée
             ,
             which
             is
             dangerous
             ,
             and
             hath
             béene
             the
             spoyle
             of
             much
             Timber
             :
             which
             to
             preuent
             ,
             you
             shall
             euer
             before
             you
             strike
             any
             blowe
             aboue
             ,
             make
             a
             good
             large
             nicke
             vnderneath
             ,
             and
             then
             after
             cut
             it
             downe
             from
             aboue
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             Trée
             shall
             receiue
             no
             hurt
             .
             Also
             you
             shall
             obserue
             to
             cut
             the
             armes
             close
             by
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Trée
             ,
             and
             neuer
             to
             desist
             till
             you
             haue
             made
             the
             place
             as
             playne
             and
             smooth
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             for
             to
             doe
             the
             contrarie
             ,
             is
             neyther
             workmanly
             ,
             nor
             the
             part
             of
             any
             good
             husband
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             plashing
             of
             Hedges
             ,
             and
             lopping
             of
             Trées
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             Of
             Pasture
             grounds
             ,
             their
             order
             ,
             profit
             ,
             and
             generall
             vse
             .
          
           
             HAuing
             alreadie
             sufficiently
             entreated
             of
             errable
             Grounds
             ,
             Gardens
             ,
             Orchards
             ,
             and
             Woods
             of
             all
             kindes
             ,
             I
             thinke
             it
             most
             méete
             (
             as
             falling
             in
             his
             due
             place
             )
             here
             to
             write
             of
             Pasture
             grounds
             ,
             
             which
             are
             of
             two
             kindes
             :
             the
             first
             ,
             such
             Pastures
             as
             lye
             in
             wood
             land
             ,
             mountainous
             ,
             or
             colde
             climes
             ,
             and
             are
             enclined
             to
             hardnesse
             and
             barrennesse
             ,
             and
             therefore
             onely
             imployed
             to
             the
             bréeding
             and
             bringing
             forth
             of
             Cattell
             :
             the
             other
             such
             as
             lye
             in
             lowe
             ,
             warme
             ,
             and
             fruitfull
             soyles
             ,
             and
             are
             most
             fertile
             and
             aboundant
             in
             encrease
             ,
             onely
             imployed
             to
             the
             fatting
             and
             féeding
             of
             Cattell
             .
          
           
             
             And
             now
             to
             speake
             of
             the
             first
             sort
             of
             Pasture
             ,
             which
             being
             some-what
             barraine
             ,
             is
             preserued
             for
             bréeding
             ,
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             it
             is
             generally
             dispierced
             ouer
             all
             this
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             particularly
             into
             euery
             Countrey
             ,
             for
             according
             to
             the
             veanes
             and
             mixture
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             such
             is
             either
             the
             richnesse
             or
             pouerty
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             of
             those
             seuerall
             mixtures
             I
             haue
             spoken
             sufficiently
             before
             in
             that
             part
             of
             this
             Booke
             ,
             which
             entreateth
             of
             errable
             ground
             .
             Then
             to
             procéede
             to
             my
             purpose
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             first
             office
             of
             the
             Husbandman
             when
             he
             séeth
             and
             knoweth
             the
             true
             nature
             of
             his
             earth
             ,
             and
             perceiueth
             from
             perfect
             iudgement
             that
             it
             is
             of
             very
             hard
             encrease
             ,
             
             which
             as
             the
             temper
             and
             mixture
             of
             the
             soyle
             assures
             him
             ,
             so
             also
             he
             shall
             better
             confirme
             by
             these
             fewe
             signes
             and
             Charracters
             ,
             which
             I
             will
             deliuer
             :
             as
             first
             ,
             if
             he
             sée
             grasse
             flow
             of
             growth
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             Spring
             will
             appeare
             before
             May.
             If
             in
             stead
             of
             Clouer
             grasse
             ,
             Dandylion
             ,
             and
             Honisuckle
             ,
             you
             sée
             your
             ground
             furnished
             with
             Penigrasse
             ,
             Bents
             ,
             and
             Burnet
             .
             If
             you
             
             sée
             much
             Knot-grasse
             or
             Speare-grasse
             ,
             or
             if
             you
             perceiue
             the
             scorching
             of
             the
             Sunne
             burne
             away
             the
             grasse
             as
             fast
             as
             the
             raine
             had
             brought
             it
             forth
             :
             or
             if
             you
             finde
             quarries
             of
             stone
             néere
             vnto
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             grasse
             ;
             or
             if
             your
             ground
             bring
             forth
             Lyng
             ,
             Bracken
             ,
             Gorse
             ,
             Whynnes
             ,
             Broome
             ,
             Bilburie
             ,
             or
             Strawburie
             :
             or
             if
             your
             ground
             be
             morish
             ,
             full
             of
             quick-myers
             ,
             mossie
             or
             full
             of
             blacke
             Flint
             ,
             any
             of
             these
             signes
             make
             it
             to
             be
             most
             apparant
             that
             the
             soyle
             is
             barraine
             and
             of
             hard
             encrease
             .
          
           
             And
             then
             as
             before
             I
             said
             it
             is
             the
             Husbandmans
             first
             
             office
             to
             prouide
             for
             the
             bettering
             and
             perfecting
             of
             his
             earth
             ,
             which
             he
             shall
             doe
             in
             this
             sort
             .
             First
             ,
             if
             he
             perceiue
             that
             the
             barrainnesse
             of
             his
             ground
             procéedes
             from
             want
             of
             good
             Plants
             ,
             
             as
             from
             want
             of
             Clouer-grasse
             ,
             Dandylion
             ,
             Honisuckle
             ,
             Cowslop
             ,
             and
             other
             swéet
             flowers
             ,
             then
             he
             shall
             repaire
             into
             the
             fruitfull
             Countries
             ,
             and
             there
             buy
             the
             hay
             séedes
             and
             swéepings
             of
             hay-barne-flowers
             ,
             which
             he
             shall
             euery
             Spring
             and
             fall
             of
             the
             leafe
             sowe
             ,
             as
             thin
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             vpon
             such
             Pastures
             ,
             as
             he
             shall
             either
             lay
             for
             meddow
             ,
             or
             preserue
             for
             the
             latter
             Spring
             after
             Michaelmas
             .
             But
             if
             he
             respect
             not
             the
             goodnesse
             of
             grasse
             ,
             
             but
             the
             abundance
             of
             grasse
             ,
             as
             those
             husbands
             doe
             which
             liue
             in
             or
             about
             great
             Cities
             ,
             then
             he
             shall
             dung
             those
             grounds
             which
             he
             will
             lay
             for
             meddow
             at
             Candlemasse
             ;
             or
             those
             which
             he
             will
             graze
             or
             eate
             in
             the
             first
             beginning
             of
             the
             Spring
             ,
             at
             Michaelmasse
             before
             ,
             with
             the
             oldest
             and
             rottennest
             meanure
             he
             can
             get
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             best
             is
             the
             rotten
             staddell
             or
             bottomes
             of
             Hay-stackes
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             it
             the
             meanure
             of
             horse-stables
             ,
             swéepings
             ,
             and
             scowrings
             of
             yards
             and
             barnes
             ,
             the
             mudde
             of
             olde
             ditches
             ,
             or
             else
             good
             Oxe
             or
             Cow
             meanure
             ,
             any
             of
             which
             will
             bring
             forth
             abundance
             of
             grasse
             .
          
           
             Yet
             thus
             much
             I
             must
             aduertise
             the
             Husbandman
             ;
             
             that
             this
             meanuring
             of
             Pasture
             grounds
             carries
             with
             it
             diuers
             imperfections
             ,
             for
             though
             it
             occasion
             abundance
             of
             grasse
             to
             growe
             ,
             yet
             the
             meddow
             or
             hay
             which
             comes
             thereof
             ,
             is
             so
             ranke
             ,
             loggie
             ,
             and
             fulsome
             in
             tast
             ,
             that
             a
             beast
             
             taketh
             no
             ioy
             to
             eate
             thereof
             ,
             more
             then
             to
             holde
             very
             life
             and
             soule
             together
             .
             Also
             the
             grasse
             thus
             meanure
             which
             you
             intend
             to
             graze
             or
             eate
             with
             your
             Cattell
             ,
             is
             by
             meanes
             of
             the
             meanure
             so
             loose
             at
             the
             roote
             ,
             that
             Cattell
             as
             they
             bite
             plucke
             vp
             both
             the
             grasse
             ,
             roote
             ,
             and
             all
             ,
             which
             being
             of
             strong
             &
             ranke
             sent
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             a
             beast
             ,
             maketh
             him
             loathe
             and
             cast
             it
             out
             againe
             ,
             and
             so
             not
             striue
             to
             eate
             to
             be
             fat
             ,
             but
             onely
             to
             maintaine
             life
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             if
             your
             Spring
             be
             slow
             ,
             and
             late
             in
             the
             yéere
             before
             your
             grasse
             will
             appeare
             aboue
             ground
             ,
             it
             is
             méete
             then
             that
             you
             enclose
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             maintaine
             the
             fences
             with
             high
             and
             thicke
             Quick-sets
             ,
             but
             also
             with
             tall
             Timber-trées
             ,
             whose
             shade
             and
             strength
             may
             defend
             many
             colde
             blasts
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             adde
             vnto
             it
             a
             more
             naturall
             warmenesse
             then
             it
             had
             before
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             onely
             the
             coldnesse
             of
             the
             soyle
             which
             makes
             the
             grasse
             long
             before
             it
             grow
             .
             Also
             in
             this
             case
             it
             is
             méete
             that
             you
             lay
             (
             as
             the
             husbandman
             tearmes
             it
             )
             all
             such
             Pasture
             as
             you
             intend
             to
             graze
             at
             the
             spring
             following
             ,
             in
             Nouember
             before
             ,
             &
             so
             not
             being
             bitten
             from
             that
             time
             till
             Aprill
             following
             ,
             no
             doubt
             but
             your
             spring
             will
             be
             both
             good
             and
             forward
             .
             There
             be
             others
             which
             helpe
             their
             slow
             springing
             grounds
             by
             stocking
             them
             in
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             the
             yéere
             with
             great
             abundance
             of
             shéepe
             ,
             who
             although
             they
             bite
             néere
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             leaue
             little
             grasse
             behinde
             them
             ,
             yet
             they
             so
             tread
             and
             meanure
             it
             with
             their
             hot
             meanure
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             spring
             after
             it
             commeth
             to
             rest
             ,
             much
             more
             early
             and
             faster
             then
             it
             was
             wont
             .
             So
             that
             to
             conclude
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             barren
             ground
             spring
             earely
             ,
             is
             to
             kéepe
             it
             warme
             ,
             let
             it
             〈◊〉
             long
             rest
             ,
             and
             meanure
             it
             well
             with
             Shéepe
             .
          
           
             
             If
             your
             ground
             be
             troubled
             with
             Knot-grasse
             or
             Speare-grasse
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             signe
             of
             too
             much
             colde
             moysture
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             in
             this
             case
             you
             shall
             with
             a
             great
             common
             Plough
             ,
             made
             for
             such
             a
             purpose
             ,
             turne
             vp
             great
             furrowes
             through
             your
             ground
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             so
             descend
             and
             fall
             one
             into
             another
             ,
             that
             not
             onely
             the
             moysture
             bred
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             falls
             vpon
             the
             earth
             ,
             may
             haue
             a
             swift
             passage
             
             from
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             so
             your
             soyle
             being
             drayned
             and
             kept
             dry
             ,
             all
             those
             wéedy
             kindes
             of
             grasse
             will
             soone
             perish
             .
          
           
             If
             your
             ground
             be
             subiect
             to
             the
             scorching
             or
             burning
             of
             the
             Sunne
             ,
             
             then
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             that
             it
             is
             directly
             contrary
             to
             the
             last
             soyle
             we
             spake
             of
             :
             for
             as
             that
             by
             too
             much
             moysture
             is
             made
             barraine
             by
             colde
             ,
             so
             this
             by
             too
             much
             want
             of
             moysture
             is
             made
             barraine
             with
             heate
             :
             wherefore
             the
             Husbandman
             shall
             in
             this
             case
             draw
             all
             his
             draynes
             ,
             to
             bring
             moysture
             into
             his
             ground
             ,
             which
             sometimes
             watring
             and
             sometimes
             ouer-flowing
             the
             same
             ,
             will
             in
             the
             end
             bring
             it
             to
             a
             reasonable
             fertility
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             rule
             ,
             that
             where
             there
             may
             be
             ouerflowes
             ,
             there
             can
             seldome
             be
             any
             hurt
             by
             Sunne-burning
             ,
             
             vnlesse
             that
             such
             soyles
             be
             vpon
             Limestone
             ground
             ,
             or
             néere
             vnto
             other
             quarries
             of
             hard
             stone
             ,
             which
             lying
             néere
             vnto
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             the
             grasse
             ,
             doth
             so
             burne
             the
             roote
             ,
             that
             the
             vpper
             branches
             cannot
             prosper
             .
             In
             this
             case
             the
             bringing
             in
             of
             water
             doth
             rather
             hurt
             then
             good
             ,
             wherefore
             your
             best
             course
             is
             partly
             by
             your
             owne
             industry
             ,
             and
             partly
             by
             the
             labours
             of
             others
             ,
             who
             are
             traded
             in
             such
             commodities
             ,
             to
             let
             forth
             your
             ground
             to
             Stone-diggers
             or
             Lime-makers
             ,
             who
             digging
             the
             quarries
             out
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             then
             filling
             vp
             the
             emptie
             places
             with
             rubbish
             and
             other
             earth
             ,
             the
             soyle
             will
             in
             short
             space
             become
             as
             fruitfull
             as
             any
             other
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             onely
             the
             want
             of
             taking
             roote
             ;
             or
             the
             burning
             vp
             of
             the
             roote
             ,
             which
             makes
             this
             kinde
             of
             earth
             barraine
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             your
             ground
             bring
             forth
             Ling
             ,
             Braken
             ,
             
             Gorse
             ,
             Whinnes
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             :
             you
             shall
             pare
             off
             the
             vpper
             swarth
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             lay
             it
             in
             the
             Sunne
             to
             dry
             ,
             in
             the
             height
             or
             heate
             of
             Sommer
             ,
             and
             being
             throughly
             dried
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             them
             in
             round
             hollow
             heapes
             one
             sod
             ouer
             another
             ,
             then
             putting
             fire
             vnto
             them
             ,
             burne
             them
             into
             ashes
             ,
             which
             done
             ,
             spread
             the
             ashes
             ,
             like
             a
             meanure
             ,
             ouer
             all
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             sée
             those
             wéedes
             will
             no
             more
             spring
             or
             grow
             in
             that
             ground
             .
          
           
             If
             your
             ground
             be
             morish
             or
             full
             of
             quicke
             myers
             ,
             
             you
             shall
             then
             by
             small
             draynes
             or
             trenches
             draw
             〈◊〉
             the
             water
             ,
             
             and
             turne
             it
             into
             some
             lower
             ditch
             or
             〈◊〉
             and
             so
             bringing
             the
             ground
             to
             a
             stability
             or
             firmenesse
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             but
             fruitfulnesse
             ,
             will
             presently
             follow
             after
             .
          
           
             
             Lastly
             ,
             if
             your
             ground
             be
             mossie
             ,
             and
             bring
             forth
             in
             stead
             of
             grasse
             onely
             a
             soft
             fussie
             and
             vnwholsome
             mosse
             ,
             your
             onely
             best
             way
             to
             cure
             the
             fault
             ,
             is
             in
             the
             Winter
             time
             to
             tread
             it
             much
             with
             the
             féete
             of
             Cattell
             ,
             as
             by
             making
             of
             Hay-stacks
             in
             diuers
             parts
             of
             such
             ground
             ,
             and
             so
             fodring
             your
             Cattell
             about
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             so
             yéerely
             altering
             the
             places
             of
             your
             Stackes
             or
             Réekes
             to
             goe
             ouerall
             your
             ground
             ,
             &
             without
             doubt
             the
             treading
             of
             the
             ground
             will
             kill
             the
             mosse
             ,
             and
             the
             meanuring
             of
             the
             Cattell
             ,
             and
             the
             expence
             of
             Hay-séeds
             vpon
             the
             ground
             ,
             will
             soone
             bring
             the
             earth
             to
             much
             fruitfulnesse
             and
             goodnesse
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             for
             the
             generall
             vse
             of
             these
             barraine
             grounds
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             that
             albe
             by
             the
             meanes
             before
             shewed
             ,
             they
             may
             be
             helpt
             or
             bettered
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             but
             onely
             for
             bréede
             or
             encrease
             of
             Cattell
             .
             Whether
             the
             grounds
             be
             seuerall
             and
             enclosed
             ,
             or
             vniuersall
             and
             common
             :
             whether
             they
             be
             Woods
             ,
             Parkes
             ,
             or
             Pastures
             ,
             or
             Heathes
             ,
             Mores
             ,
             Downes
             ,
             or
             other
             wilde
             and
             vnlimitted
             places
             ,
             and
             these
             grounds
             shall
             be
             deuided
             into
             thrée
             parts
             ,
             the
             first
             and
             most
             fruitfullest
             lying
             lowest
             ,
             lying
             néerest
             to
             the
             riuer
             or
             some
             running
             streame
             ,
             you
             shall
             preserue
             for
             meddow
             ,
             and
             not
             suffer
             any
             beast
             to
             bite
             vpon
             the
             same
             from
             Candlemasse
             ,
             vntill
             the
             hay
             be
             taken
             from
             the
             ground
             .
             The
             second
             part
             ,
             you
             shall
             graze
             or
             eate
             from
             Candlemasse
             till
             Lammas
             ,
             which
             would
             be
             that
             which
             lieth
             most
             plaine
             and
             bleake
             ,
             and
             most
             subiect
             to
             all
             weathers
             .
             And
             the
             third
             part
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             warmest
             and
             safest
             ,
             you
             shall
             graze
             from
             all-Hollantide
             till
             Candlemasse
             ,
             and
             betwixt
             Lammas
             and
             all-Hollantide
             you
             shall
             eate
             vp
             your
             eddish
             or
             after
             crop
             of
             your
             meddowes
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             whereas
             I
             speake
             generally
             ,
             that
             these
             barraine
             grounds
             are
             for
             the
             bréede
             of
             Cattell
             ,
             yet
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             
             me
             particularly
             ,
             as
             namely
             ,
             what
             Cattell
             for
             what
             soyle
             ,
             for
             euery
             barraine
             earth
             will
             not
             bring
             forth
             Cattell
             alike
             ,
             as
             some
             will
             beare
             a
             faire
             Cowe
             or
             Oxe
             ,
             yet
             but
             a
             little
             Horse
             :
             and
             some
             will
             bring
             forth
             a
             very
             goodly
             Horse
             ,
             yet
             but
             a
             very
             little
             horned
             beast
             ,
             therefore
             you
             shall
             obserue
             that
             if
             your
             ground
             lye
             any
             thing
             lowe
             ,
             or
             be
             subiect
             to
             much
             moysture
             ,
             and
             so
             not
             extreamely
             barraine
             ,
             but
             although
             the
             Spring
             be
             late
             ,
             yet
             after
             it
             springeth
             ,
             it
             yéeldeth
             a
             reasonable
             bit
             ,
             this
             ground
             is
             fittest
             to
             bréede
             Cattell
             vpon
             ,
             as
             Cowe
             ,
             Oxe
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             but
             if
             it
             lye
             high
             and
             dry
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             stonie
             or
             mountainous
             ,
             haue
             much
             reflection
             of
             the
             Sunne
             :
             or
             though
             it
             be
             some-what
             more
             barraine
             then
             the
             former
             earth
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             best
             part
             of
             the
             Spring
             yéeld
             but
             a
             short
             ,
             yet
             swéet
             bit
             ,
             this
             ground
             is
             fittest
             to
             bréede
             a
             faire
             and
             large
             horse
             vpon
             :
             but
             if
             it
             be
             extreamely
             barraine
             colde
             and
             moyst
             ,
             stonie
             or
             mossie
             ,
             so
             it
             be
             replenished
             with
             any
             good
             store
             of
             Underwood●
             then
             it
             is
             fit
             to
             bréede
             small
             hard
             Nags
             vpon
             ,
             or
             Geldings
             of
             a
             meaner
             size
             ,
             Goates
             ,
             wilde-Swine
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             .
             And
             lastly
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             extreame
             barraine
             ,
             colde
             ,
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             altogether
             without
             any
             kinde
             of
             shelter
             ,
             but
             subiect
             to
             euery
             blast
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             this
             ground
             is
             fit
             onely
             to
             bréede
             Shéepe
             vpon
             ,
             as
             we
             sée
             by
             daily
             experience
             in
             the
             seuerall
             parts
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             :
             so
             that
             to
             conclude
             ,
             you
             shall
             beare
             in
             your
             memorie
             ,
             that
             where
             you
             bréede
             your
             beast
             ,
             would
             be
             reasonable
             bit
             :
             where
             you
             bréede
             your
             Horse
             good
             ayre
             and
             warmth
             ,
             and
             where
             you
             bréede
             your
             Shéepe
             ,
             there
             much
             spatiousnesse
             of
             ground
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             briefly
             for
             the
             nature
             and
             vse
             of
             your
             barraine
             grounds
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             procéede
             to
             your
             fruitfull
             and
             rich
             grounds
             ,
             
             whose
             very
             encrease
             and
             abundance
             of
             grasse
             ,
             without
             any
             other
             curious
             relation
             shewes
             their
             fertility
             ,
             there
             is
             little
             obseruation
             to
             be
             held
             in
             the
             ordering
             &
             disposing
             of
             them
             ,
             for
             being
             naturally
             good
             of
             themselues
             ,
             there
             néedeth
             little
             Art
             to
             the
             maintainance
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             onely
             to
             haue
             an
             especiall
             care
             to
             the
             fencing
             and
             safe
             kéeping
             of
             them
             ,
             to
             the
             due
             time
             of
             eating
             them
             with
             your
             Cattell
             ,
             and
             to
             obserue
             
             a
             fit
             proportion
             of
             rest
             for
             them
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             may
             〈◊〉
             and
             gather
             head
             for
             the
             maintainance
             of
             such
             〈…〉
             shall
             féede
             vpon
             them
             .
             And
             to
             these
             ,
             as
             an
             especiall
             〈◊〉
             aboue
             the
             rest
             ,
             must
             be
             added
             a
             carefull
             diligence
             not
             to
             ouer
             stocke
             or
             leade
             your
             ground
             with
             more
             Cattell
             then
             it
             may
             conueniently
             beare
             ,
             for
             if
             your
             ground
             be
             neuer
             so
             fruitfull
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             ouer-prest
             with
             multitudes
             of
             Cattell
             ,
             it
             cannot
             by
             any
             meanes
             yéeld
             you
             the
             profit
             of
             your
             expectation
             ,
             but
             returne
             you
             losse
             and
             dammage
             .
          
           
             
             These
             fruitfull
             and
             rich
             grounds
             would
             be
             deuided
             into
             two
             parts
             ,
             the
             one
             pastures
             ,
             or
             grounds
             for
             continuall
             féeding
             or
             nourishing
             of
             Cattell
             all
             the
             yéere
             ,
             the
             other
             meddowes
             ,
             from
             whence
             you
             shall
             gather
             your
             Winters
             prouision
             of
             Hay
             ,
             for
             the
             preseruation
             of
             your
             Cattell
             ,
             which
             are
             either
             for
             labour
             or
             sale
             in
             the
             Market
             ,
             and
             of
             these
             two
             parts
             I
             will
             speake
             seuerally
             .
          
           
             
             Yet
             before
             I
             begin
             to
             speake
             largely
             of
             them
             ,
             it
             is
             méete
             you
             know
             the
             generall
             vse
             of
             these
             rich
             and
             fruitfull
             grounds
             ,
             which
             is
             indéede
             the
             féeding
             or
             fa●ting
             vp
             of
             Cattell
             ,
             either
             for
             foode
             in
             your
             owne
             house
             ,
             or
             for
             sale
             in
             the
             Market
             ,
             to
             the
             Butcher
             ,
             Droner
             ,
             or
             men
             of
             such
             like
             place
             or
             profession
             .
             For
             indéede
             to
             bréede
             much
             vpon
             these
             rich
             grounds
             ,
             is
             neither
             profitable
             to
             the
             Husbandman
             ,
             nor
             is
             the
             beasts
             so
             bred
             ,
             either
             so
             comely
             or
             Market-able
             ,
             as
             those
             bred
             in
             the
             harder
             soyles
             ,
             as
             wée
             may
             note
             in
             our
             experience
             ,
             if
             we
             will
             suruay
             the
             bréedes
             of
             Cattell
             in
             
             Gloster-shire
             ,
             
             Sommerset-shire
             ,
             and
             
             Lincoln-shire
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             bred
             vpon
             excéeding
             rich
             and
             fertile
             ground
             :
             yet
             if
             we
             take
             view
             of
             them
             ,
             we
             shall
             finde
             that
             albe
             they
             are
             tall
             and
             large
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             of
             slender
             shape
             ,
             leane-thighed
             ,
             crumple-horned
             ,
             and
             oft
             tender
             and
             dry
             skinned
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             fault
             very
             note-worthie
             amongst
             Graziers
             ,
             and
             indéede
             are
             nothing
             so
             eyely
             and
             Market-able
             ,
             as
             those
             beasts
             are
             which
             are
             bred
             in
             
             Yorke-shire
             ,
             
             Darby-shire
             ,
             Lancashire
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             all
             which
             are
             bred
             vpon
             hard
             and
             barraine
             grounds
             ,
             yet
             haue
             goodly
             ,
             large
             ,
             and
             round
             bodies
             ,
             close
             trust
             ,
             thicke
             ,
             and
             
             well
             coupled
             together
             ,
             faire
             heads●
             veluet
             skinnes
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             Prouerbe
             is
             ,
             are
             so
             beautifull
             in
             horne
             and
             haire
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             euery
             mans
             money
             ,
             in
             ●uery
             Market
             .
             So
             that
             I
             conclude
             ,
             that
             albe
             vpon
             the
             rich
             ground
             you
             may
             bréede
             good
             .
             Cattell
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             necessary
             also
             so
             to
             doe
             for
             the
             maintaynance
             of
             stocke
             ,
             yet
             the
             generall
             vse
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             is
             the
             greatest
             profit
             to
             the
             English
             husbandman
             ,
             is
             to
             graze
             féede
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             procéede
             to
             my
             former
             purpose
             ,
             
             touching
             that
             part
             of
             rich
             ground
             which
             I
             call
             Pasture
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             onely
             for
             féeding
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             prouide
             that
             they
             be
             very
             well
             fenced
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             either
             with
             ditch
             ,
             pale
             ,
             rayle
             ,
             dead
             hedge
             ,
             or
             quicke-growth
             ●pon
             shall
             also
             sée
             that
             they
             be
             well
             stored
             with
             water
             ,
             that
             is
             swéet
             and
             wholesome
             ,
             for
             putrified
             water
             bréedeth
             many
             mortall
             and
             infectious
             diseases
             amongst
             Cattell
             .
             These
             Pastures
             must
             euer
             be
             your
             highest
             ground
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             lye
             safest
             from
             inundations
             .
             Those
             Pastures
             which
             you
             lay
             or
             giue
             rest
             to
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             Nouember
             ,
             you
             may
             féede
             at
             Candlemasse
             following
             with
             heilding
             beasts
             ,
             or
             such
             as
             are
             but
             beginning
             to
             féede
             ,
             but
             with
             your
             fat
             beasts
             not
             till
             our
             Ladies
             day
             after
             :
             those
             Pastures
             which
             you
             lay
             or
             giue
             rest
             to
             at
             Candlemasse
             ,
             you
             may
             very
             well
             féede
             at
             May
             following
             :
             those
             which
             you
             giue
             rest
             to
             at
             May-day
             ,
             you
             may
             féede
             at
             Midsommer
             ,
             for
             then
             the
             spring
             is
             swift
             and
             plentifull
             :
             those
             you
             lay
             at
             Midsommer
             ,
             you
             may
             féede
             at
             Lammas
             ,
             and
             those
             you
             lay
             at
             Lammas
             ,
             you
             may
             féede
             in
             October
             ,
             and
             generally
             all
             the
             Winter
             following
             :
             onely
             you
             shall
             obserue
             ,
             that
             those
             Pastures
             which
             lye
             most
             in
             danger
             of
             water
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             casualtie
             ,
             be
             first
             eaten
             ,
             least
             by
             too
             long
             delaying
             ●n
             vnseasonable
             time
             come
             ,
             a●d
             so
             you
             be
             both
             preuented
             of
             your
             hope
             and
             profit
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             ●ating
             of
             your
             Pasture
             grounds
             ,
             
             are
             many
             things
             to
             be
             obserued
             ,
             as
             first
             for
             the
             feeding
             of
             your
             fat
             Cattell
             ,
             you
             must
             by
             all
             meanes
             be
             sure
             that
             they
             haue
             full
             bite
             ,
             which
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             length
             of
             grasse
             :
             for
             cattell
             ,
             whose
             
             tongues
             are
             the
             principall
             gatherers
             vp
             of
             their
             foode
             ,
             neither
             can
             nor
             will
             bite
             néere
             vnto
             the
             ground
             ,
             except
             it
             be
             extreame
             hunger
             which
             compels
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             take
             little
             ioy
             in
             their
             foode
             .
             Next
             you
             shall
             oft
             (
             as
             any
             fit
             ●ccasion
             will
             giue
             you
             lea●e
             )
             remoue
             and
             shift
             them
             into
             fre●h
             grounds
             ,
             and
             not
             expect
             that
             they
             should
             eate
             your
             grasse
             downe
             to
             the
             bottome
             ,
             but
             onely
             as
             it
             were
             sc●mme
             and
             take
             the
             vppermost
             and
             choisest
             part
             thereof
             ,
             and
             so
             they
             will
             féede
             both
             swiftly
             and
             throughly
             :
             and
             for
             that
             grasse
             which
             they
             shall
             leaue
             behinde
             them
             ,
             you
             shall
             eate
             if
             vp
             after
             them
             with
             your
             labouring
             or
             worke-cattell
             ,
             and
             lastly
             with
             your
             shéepe
             .
             It
             is
             very
             good
             also
             amongst
             your
             fat
             beasts
             euer
             to
             haue
             a
             leane
             horse
             or
             two
             :
             for
             your
             fat
             beasts
             taketh
             delight
             to
             féede
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             to
             bite
             after
             them
             ,
             there
             being
             as
             it
             were
             a
             kinde
             of
             sympathie
             or
             liking
             of
             each
             others
             tastes
             .
             After
             your
             grasse
             is
             fully
             knit
             ,
             and
             hath
             receiued
             his
             whole
             strength
             ,
             which
             wil
             be
             at
             Midsommer
             ,
             then
             you
             may
             suffer
             your
             fat
             beast
             to
             eate
             a
             little
             néerer
             vnto
             the
             ground
             till
             after
             Lammas
             ,
             because
             there
             is
             an
             extraordinarie
             swéetnesse
             therein
             ,
             springing
             from
             the
             heate
             of
             the
             Sunnes
             beames
             onely
             .
             These
             few
             obseruations
             well
             kept
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             but
             your
             Cattell
             will
             féede
             well
             to
             your
             contentment
             ,
             then
             when
             you
             sée
             that
             they
             are
             sufficiently
             fed
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             ayme
             of
             your
             purpose
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             your
             houshold
             ,
             or
             the
             vse
             of
             the
             Market
             ,
             you
             shall
             forth-with
             imploy
             them
             accordingly
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             both
             the
             losse
             of
             time
             and
             money
             ,
             not
             to
             put
             them
             off
             by
             sale
             or
             otherwise
             ,
             so
             soone
             as
             they
             are
             come
             to
             the
             end
             of
             your
             desire
             .
             For
             those
             rich
             grounds
             will
             sometimes
             make
             two
             returnes
             in
             the
             yéere
             ,
             sometimes
             thrée
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             great
             profit
             .
             And
             I
             haue
             heard
             sometimes
             of
             ●ours
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             very
             rare
             ,
             and
             the
             Cattell
             so
             returned
             must
             be
             very
             well
             stricken
             with
             flesh
             before
             they
             be
             put
             vnto
             féeding
             ,
             but
             if
             your
             ground
             will
             returne
             leane
             beasts
             fat
             twice
             through
             the
             yéere
             ,
             it
             is
             commodity
             sufficient
             .
          
           
             Now
             because
             it
             is
             not
             sufficient
             to
             say
             sell
             or
             kill
             your
             
             Cattell
             when
             they
             are
             fat
             ,
             
             except
             you
             haue
             the
             Art
             and
             skill
             to
             know
             the
             same
             ,
             you
             shall
             obserue
             these
             few
             rules
             following
             ,
             and
             they
             will
             sufficiently
             instruct
             you
             in
             the
             same
             .
             First
             ,
             when
             you
             sée
             your
             beast
             in
             the
             generall
             shape
             and
             composure
             of
             his
             body
             shew
             most
             faire
             and
             beautitifull
             ,
             each
             member
             being
             comely
             ,
             and
             each
             bone
             couered
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             as
             a
             perfect
             shape
             requireth
             ,
             as
             no
             eye
             is
             so
             stupid
             as
             cannot
             tell
             when
             a
             beast
             looketh
             well
             or
             ill-fauouredly
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             guesse
             the
             beast
             to
             be
             well
             fed
             ,
             especially
             when
             you
             sée
             his
             huckle-bones
             round
             and
             not
             sharpe
             ,
             his
             ribs
             smooth
             ,
             not
             rough
             ,
             his
             flankes
             full
             ,
             his
             natch
             thick
             ,
             and
             his
             cod
             round
             .
             This
             when
             you
             shall
             perceiue
             ,
             you
             shall
             handle
             him
             ,
             and
             griping
             him
             vpon
             the
             neathermost
             ribs
             ,
             if
             you
             féele
             the
             skinne
             loose
             ,
             and
             the
             substance
             soft
             vnder
             your
             hand
             ,
             you
             may
             be
             well
             assured
             that
             the
             beast
             is
             very
             well
             fed
             outwardly
             ,
             that
             is
             vpon
             the
             bones
             .
             You
             shall
             then
             lay
             your
             hand
             vpon
             his
             round
             huckle-bones
             ,
             and
             if
             that
             féele
             ,
             vnder
             your
             hand
             ,
             soft
             ,
             round
             and
             plumpe
             ,
             you
             shall
             be
             assured
             that
             the
             beast
             is
             well
             fed
             both
             outwardly
             and
             inwardly
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             both
             in
             flesh
             and
             tallow
             :
             then
             you
             shall
             handle
             him
             at
             the
             setting
             on
             of
             his
             taile
             ,
             and
             if
             that
             handle
             bigge
             ,
             thicke
             ,
             full
             ,
             and
             soft
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             true
             signe
             that
             the
             beast
             is
             very
             well
             fed
             outwardly
             :
             then
             handle
             his
             natch-bones
             which
             are
             on
             both
             sides
             the
             setting
             on
             of
             his
             taile
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             féele
             left
             and
             loose
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             signe
             that
             he
             is
             well
             fed
             ,
             both
             outwardly
             and
             inwardly
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             you
             shall
             handle
             his
             cod
             and
             nauell
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             of
             an
             Oxe
             ,
             and
             the
             nauell
             onely
             if
             it
             be
             a
             Cowe
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             handle
             thicke
             ,
             round
             ,
             soft
             ,
             great
             ,
             and
             plumpe
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             most
             assured
             signe
             that
             the
             beast
             is
             very
             well
             tallowed
             within
             .
             And
             thus
             when
             any
             of
             these
             parts
             or
             members
             shall
             handle
             in
             contrary
             manner
             ,
             you
             shall
             indge
             of
             the
             contrary
             effects
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             touching
             the
             knowledge
             of
             a
             fat
             beast
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             second
             part
             of
             these
             rich
             grounds
             ,
             
             which
             are
             meddowes
             ,
             they
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             most
             fruitfullest
             and
             richest
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             lying
             low
             and
             leuell
             ,
             and
             being
             now
             and
             then
             in
             the
             Winter
             season
             washt
             with
             inundations
             ,
             
             yet
             not
             too
             too
             much
             drencht
             or
             washt
             with
             the
             same
             :
             for
             as
             the
             moderate
             ouerflowing
             of
             waters
             enricheth
             and
             fertiles
             the
             soyle
             ,
             so
             the
             too
             much
             soking
             or
             long
             resting
             of
             the
             water
             rotteth
             the
             earth
             ,
             &
             bringeth
             it
             to
             barrainnesse
             ,
             neither
             is
             it
             altogether
             necessary
             that
             euery
             meddowe
             should
             lye
             so
             low
             that
             it
             might
             be
             ouerflowed
             ,
             for
             there
             be
             some
             high
             grounds
             which
             are
             frée
             from
             those
             floods
             which
             will
             beare
             meddow
             in
             very
             sufficient
             manner
             ,
             &
             although
             the
             lower
             meddowes
             doe
             abound
             in
             the
             plenty
             of
             grasse
             ,
             yet
             the
             higher
             grounds
             euer
             beareth
             the
             swéeter
             grasse
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             a
             rule
             amongst
             Husbandmen
             ,
             that
             the
             low
             meddowes
             do
             fill
             ,
             but
             the
             high
             meddowes
             do
             féede
             ,
             the
             low
             are
             for
             the
             Stable
             ,
             but
             the
             high
             are
             for
             the
             Cratch
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             is
             long
             will
             maintaine
             life
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             is
             short
             will
             bréede
             milke
             .
          
           
             
             The
             chiefest
             respect
             you
             shall
             haue
             to
             your
             meddowes
             ,
             is
             to
             defend
             and
             preserue
             them
             from
             Moales
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             vermine
             ,
             which
             roote
             vp
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             destroy
             the
             swéet
             and
             tender
             roots
             of
             the
             grasse
             .
             Next
             ,
             that
             you
             note
             in
             what
             places
             of
             the
             meddow
             the
             water
             standeth
             longest
             ,
             &
             from
             thence
             ,
             by
             small
             furrowes
             or
             draynes
             ,
             to
             giue
             it
             a
             frée
             passage
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             meddow
             may
             as
             it
             were
             cleanse
             &
             be
             dry
             in
             one
             instant
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             you
             shall
             maintaine
             the
             banks
             of
             all
             such
             ditches
             &
             other
             fences
             bordring
             about
             your
             meddowes
             in
             good
             and
             sufficient
             manner
             ,
             both
             for
             kéeping
             out
             of
             water
             after
             your
             meddowes
             begin
             to
             grow
             ,
             as
             also
             for
             kéeping
             Cattell
             from
             eating
             them
             in
             the
             night
             or
             other
             times
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             great
             depriuation
             and
             losse
             of
             the
             profit
             you
             expect
             to
             come
             from
             them
             :
             for
             you
             shall
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             ouerflow
             shall
             come
             vnto
             your
             meddowes
             after
             May
             ,
             it
             will
             leaue
             such
             a
             sandy
             filthinesse
             in
             the
             grasse
             ,
             that
             except
             very
             moderate
             showers
             fall
             swiftly
             ,
             and
             sodainly
             ,
             to
             wash
             it
             out
             againe
             ,
             the
             Hay
             which
             shall
             be
             got
             of
             that
             crop
             ,
             will
             both
             be
             vnsauorie
             and
             vnwholsome
             ,
             and
             bréed
             in
             your
             Cattell
             many
             dangerous
             and
             mortall
             sicknesses
             .
          
           
             
             The
             best
             times
             for
             laying
             of
             meddowes
             to
             rest
             ,
             is
             ,
             if
             the
             meddow
             lye
             high
             ,
             as
             in
             vp-land
             Countries
             ,
             or
             if
             the
             soyle
             
             be
             cold
             ,
             or
             the
             springing
             thereof
             slow
             ,
             at
             Candlemasse
             :
             but
             if
             the
             ground
             be
             more
             warme
             ,
             temperate
             ,
             &
             of
             some
             more
             fertility
             ,
             then
             you
             may
             lay
             it
             at
             our
             Ladies
             day
             in
             March
             :
             but
             if
             the
             ground
             be
             most
             fruitfull
             ,
             then
             if
             you
             lay
             it
             at
             May
             day
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             early
             enough
             .
             Also
             in
             the
             laying
             of
             your
             meddowes
             to
             rest
             ,
             you
             shall
             consider
             the
             state
             of
             the
             ground
             ,
             as
             whether
             it
             be
             eaten
             néere
             and
             bare
             ,
             and
             with
             what
             Cattell
             ,
             as
             Horse
             ,
             Oxen
             ,
             or
             Shéepe
             :
             if
             it
             haue
             béene
             eaten
             bare
             with
             Oxen
             or
             Horse
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             lay
             it
             earlier
             in
             the
             yéere
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             aske
             a
             longer
             time
             to
             grow
             againe
             :
             but
             if
             it
             haue
             béene
             eaten
             with
             Shéepe
             (
             although
             they
             bite
             néerest
             to
             the
             ground
             )
             yet
             you
             may
             lay
             it
             so
             much
             later
             ,
             because
             the
             meanure
             which
             they
             bestow
             vpon
             such
             good
             ground
             ,
             will
             quickly
             hasten
             on
             the
             Spring
             :
             but
             if
             your
             meddowes
             haue
             not
             béene
             eaten
             bare
             ,
             but
             haue
             a
             good
             déepe
             fogge
             vpon
             them
             still
             ,
             then
             you
             may
             lay
             them
             the
             latest
             .
             Also
             in
             the
             laying
             of
             meddowes
             ,
             you
             shall
             consider
             whether
             they
             be
             common
             or
             priuate
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             common
             meddowes
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             olde
             custome
             binde
             you
             to
             the
             contrary
             ,
             you
             shall
             lay
             them
             to
             rest
             earely
             in
             the
             yéere
             ,
             that
             recouering
             a
             forward
             Spring
             ,
             you
             may
             cut
             them
             so
             much
             the
             sooner
             ,
             and
             so
             haue
             the
             better
             after-crop
             ,
             and
             the
             longer
             time
             to
             eate
             it
             :
             but
             if
             your
             meddow
             be
             priuate
             ,
             and
             at
             your
             owne
             particular
             disposing
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             lay
             it
             according
             to
             your
             owne
             necessitie
             ,
             and
             the
             goodnes
             of
             the
             soyle
             ,
             obseruing
             euer
             to
             giue
             it
             full
             time
             of
             growth
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             cut
             it
             till
             the
             grasse
             be
             full
             ripe
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             better
             to
             let
             it
             grow
             a
             wéeke
             too
             long
             (
             so
             the
             weather
             be
             seasonable
             for
             the
             withering
             of
             it
             )
             then
             to
             cut
             it
             two
             dayes
             too
             soone
             ,
             because
             when
             it
             is
             too
             earely
             cut
             ,
             it
             not
             onely
             looseth
             the
             strength
             and
             goodnesse
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             substance
             and
             waight
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             drying
             shrinketh
             and
             wasteth
             to
             nothing
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             fittest
             time
             to
             cut
             or
             mowe
             your
             meddowes
             :
             
             If
             they
             be
             laid
             in
             a
             due
             season
             ,
             it
             is
             held
             of
             all
             the
             best
             English
             husbandmen
             generally
             to
             be
             a
             wéeke
             or
             a
             fortnight
             after
             Midsommer
             day
             ,
             as
             namely
             about
             the
             translation
             of
             Thomas
             ,
             which
             is
             euer
             the
             seauentéenth
             day
             of
             Iuly
             ,
             
             and
             without
             question
             it
             is
             a
             very
             good
             time
             for
             all
             men
             to
             begin
             that
             labour
             ,
             if
             their
             grounds
             be
             fruitfull
             and
             of
             earely
             growth
             :
             but
             in
             as
             much
             as
             diuers
             grounds
             are
             diuers
             in
             their
             growth
             ,
             some
             being
             much
             more
             hastie
             then
             other
             some
             :
             and
             for
             as
             much
             as
             some
             meddow
             may
             as
             well
             grow
             too
             long
             as
             too
             little
             a
             time
             ,
             as
             in
             high
             land
             Countries
             ,
             where
             the
             heate
             and
             reflection
             of
             the
             Sunne
             will
             burne
             and
             consume
             away
             the
             grasse
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             not
             gathered
             in
             a
             due
             season
             ,
             I
             would
             therefore
             wish
             euery
             good
             Husbandman
             about
             a
             wéeke
             before
             Midsommer
             ,
             and
             a
             wéeke
             after
             ,
             to
             view
             his
             meddowes
             well
             ,
             and
             if
             he
             sée
             them
             turne
             browne
             ,
             if
             the
             Cock
             heads
             turne
             downeward
             and
             stand
             not
             vpright
             ,
             if
             the
             Bels
             and
             other
             vessels
             of
             séede
             open
             and
             shed
             their
             séedes
             ,
             if
             your
             Honisuckles
             haue
             lost
             their
             flowers
             ,
             and
             the
             Penigrasse
             be
             hard
             ,
             dry
             ,
             and
             withered
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             truly
             vnderstand
             that
             your
             meddow
             is
             ripe
             and
             ready
             to
             be
             mowne
             ,
             and
             the
             longer
             it
             standeth
             ,
             the
             more
             it
             will
             loose
             of
             the
             substance
             ,
             and
             when
             any
             of
             the
             contrary
             signes
             appeare
             ,
             as
             when
             the
             meddow
             lookes
             gréene
             and
             fresh
             ,
             the
             Cock-heads
             looke
             vpright
             ,
             the
             Bels
             are
             close
             and
             hard
             ,
             the
             Honisuckles
             flowring
             and
             purple
             ,
             and
             the
             Penigrasse
             soft
             and
             moyst
             ,
             then
             is
             your
             meddow
             not
             readie
             to
             cut
             ,
             nor
             will
             the
             Hay
             that
             is
             so
             gotten
             be
             other
             then
             soft
             ,
             fuzzie
             ,
             and
             most
             vnwholsome
             ,
             no
             beast
             taking
             delight
             to
             eate
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             to
             these
             considerations
             ,
             you
             shall
             adde
             a
             carefull
             obseruation
             of
             the
             state
             and
             inclination
             of
             the
             weather
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             finde
             that
             the
             weather
             is
             disposed
             to
             much
             wet
             or
             incertaintie
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             forbeare
             to
             mowe
             ,
             because
             that
             moysture
             will
             still
             maintaine
             and
             hold
             the
             graffe
             in
             his
             perfect
             strength
             so
             long
             as
             it
             groweth
             :
             but
             if
             it
             be
             once
             cut
             downe
             ,
             then
             the
             wet
             will
             soone
             rot
             and
             spoile
             it
             :
             but
             if
             you
             finde
             the
             weather
             enclined
             to
             drought
             and
             fairenesse
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             with
             all
             spéede
             cut
             downe
             your
             Hay
             ,
             for
             one
             loade
             got
             and
             brought
             into
             the
             barne
             without
             raine
             ,
             is
             worth
             two
             that
             hath
             béene
             washt
             ,
             though
             but
             with
             the
             smallest
             shower
             .
             There
             be
             some
             Husbandmen
             that
             in
             
             the
             mowing
             of
             their
             meddowes
             ,
             will
             obserue
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Moone
             ,
             and
             other
             planetarie
             coniectures
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             fitter
             for
             those
             which
             séeke
             curiositie
             more
             then
             profit
             ,
             for
             mine
             owne
             part
             I
             would
             wish
             euery
             good
             husband
             but
             to
             know
             truly
             when
             his
             crop
             is
             ripe
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             gather
             it
             in
             the
             most
             constant
             and
             fairest
             seasons
             ,
             which
             the
             rules
             already
             set
             downe
             will
             most
             amply
             shew
             him
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             manner
             of
             mowing
             your
             meddowes
             ,
             
             although
             the
             generall
             act
             resteth
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             mower
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             is
             hard
             and
             impossible
             ,
             in
             words
             ,
             to
             expresse
             the
             Art
             of
             the
             a●tion
             ,
             nor
             is
             it
             néedfull
             that
             euery
             Husbandman
             be
             a
             mower
             ,
             yet
             for
             those
             rules
             which
             the
             English
             Husbandman
             should
             know
             and
             obserue
             ,
             I
             will
             in
             no
             sort
             omit
             them
             .
             You
             shall
             then
             know
             that
             in
             the
             mowing
             of
             your
             meddowes
             you
             shall
             mowe
             them
             smooth
             ,
             plaine
             ,
             and
             leuell
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             Husbandman
             tearmes
             it
             ,
             with
             such
             an
             euen
             board
             ,
             that
             a
             man
             may
             no
             more
             but
             discerne
             the
             going
             in
             and
             comming
             forth
             of
             the
             Sythe
             :
             and
             this
             shall
             be
             done
             so
             close
             and
             neere
             vnto
             the
             ground
             ,
             as
             is
             possible
             for
             the
             worke-man
             to
             get
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             in
             publique
             and
             common
             meddowes
             ,
             because
             the
             swap
             and
             first
             crop
             is
             all
             the
             maine
             profit
             you
             can
             challenge
             your
             owne
             :
             nay
             ,
             you
             shall
             doe
             it
             also
             in
             your
             owne
             priuate
             and
             seuerall
             meddowes
             :
             for
             although
             an
             ignorant
             custome
             haue
             drawne
             some
             of
             our
             Husbandmen
             ,
             to
             say
             and
             beléeue
             that
             there
             is
             no
             loose
             in
             the
             fleight
             and
             insufficient
             mowing
             of
             priuate
             meddowes
             ,
             because
             say
             they
             ,
             what
             I
             loose
             in
             the
             Barne
             ,
             my
             Cattell
             findes
             on
             the
             ground
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             much
             deceiued
             in
             that
             opinion
             ,
             for
             what
             they
             so
             leaue
             on
             the
             ground
             halfe
             cut
             halfe
             vncut
             ,
             is
             no
             good
             foode
             ,
             neither
             pleasant
             nor
             sauourie
             ,
             but
             dry
             ,
             hard
             ,
             and
             bitter
             ,
             and
             indéede
             no
             better
             then
             sower
             fogge
             ,
             which
             may
             fill
             ,
             but
             cannot
             nourish
             ,
             and
             who
             then
             will
             be
             so
             simple
             ,
             as
             not
             to
             preferre
             swéet
             Hay
             before
             such
             vnsauourie
             grasse
             ?
             therefore
             be
             carefull
             to
             mowe
             your
             grasse
             euen
             ,
             and
             close
             by
             the
             ground
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             make
             the
             fresh
             grasse
             spring
             vp
             
             with
             more
             ease
             ,
             and
             be
             much
             pleasanter
             in
             taste
             .
          
           
             
             Next
             after
             the
             mowing
             of
             your
             meddowes
             ,
             followeth
             the
             making
             of
             your
             Hay
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             labour
             that
             must
             be
             followed
             with
             great
             care
             and
             diligence
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             an
             old
             saying
             ,
             that
             dearth
             beginneth
             at
             the
             Hay-barne
             dore
             ,
             and
             ●e
             that
             is
             negligent
             in
             that
             ,
             can
             hardly
             be
             good
             husband
             〈◊〉
             any
             thing
             else
             ,
             then
             to
             shew
             you
             how
             you
             shall
             make
             your
             hay
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             vnderstand
             that
             no
             one
             particular
             forme
             can
             stand
             for
             a
             generall
             rule
             ,
             because
             Hay
             must
             be
             made
             according
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             grasse
             ,
             and
             the
             soyle
             where
             it
             groweth
             ,
             some
             being
             apt
             to
             wither
             and
             make
             soone
             ,
             as
             that
             grasse
             which
             is
             finest
             ,
             and
             hath
             in
             it
             least
             weédes
             ,
             ●thers
             will
             be
             long
             in
             making
             ,
             as
             that
             which
             is
             full
             of
             thicke
             ,
             strong
             ,
             and
             sower
             grasse
             ,
             many
             wéedes
             ,
             bunnes
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             hard
             stalkes
             ,
             which
             are
             not
             easily
             dried
             ,
             therefore
             it
             is
             the
             part
             of
             euery
             good
             Husbandman
             ,
             either
             by
             his
             eye
             and
             knowledge
             to
             iudge
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             his
             grasse
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             follow
             the
             customes
             of
             the
             Country
             and
             soyle
             wherein
             he
             liueth
             ,
             but
             the
             first
             ,
             Knowledge
             ,
             is
             the
             better
             Science
             .
             But
             to
             procéede
             to
             my
             purpose
             ,
             I
             will
             in
             the
             natures
             of
             two
             sorts
             of
             grasse
             ,
             the
             one
             fine
             ,
             the
             other
             course
             ,
             shew
             you
             the
             generall
             making
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Hay
             .
          
           
             
             First
             ,
             then
             for
             the
             making
             of
             your
             fine
             rich
             grasse
             into
             Hay
             ,
             if
             it
             grow
             in
             great
             abundance
             ,
             thicke
             and
             close
             ,
             and
             so
             lieth
             in
             the
             swathe
             ,
             you
             shall
             haue
             one
             with
             a
             Pitch
             forke
             to
             follow
             the
             Mowers
             ,
             and
             to
             spread
             and
             throw
             the
             grasse
             thinne
             abroad
             ,
             that
             the
             ayre
             and
             sunne-beames
             may
             passe
             through
             it
             :
             and
             this
             is
             called
             in
             most
             Countries
             ●edding
             of
             Hay
             .
             The
             next
             day
             ,
             after
             the
             Sunne
             hath
             taken
             the
             dewe
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             you
             shall
             turne
             that
             which
             the
             day
             before
             you
             tedded
             ,
             and
             then
             if
             you
             haue
             any
             more
             new
             mowen
             ,
             you
             shall
             ted
             it
             also
             .
             The
             next
             day
             following
             ,
             as
             before
             ,
             when
             the
             dewe
             is
             from
             the
             earth
             ,
             you
             shall
             turne
             your
             Hay
             againe
             ,
             and
             so
             letting
             it
             lye
             till
             the
             Sunne
             be
             at
             his
             height
             ,
             begin
             to
             stir
             it
             againe
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             if
             you
             finde
             it
             is
             reasonably
             well
             withered
             ,
             you
             shal
             then
             draw
             it
             into
             windrowes
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             you
             shall
             marke
             which
             way
             the
             
             winde
             standeth
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             way
             that
             it
             bloweth
             ,
             the
             same
             way
             with
             Forks
             &
             Rakes
             one
             after
             another
             ,
             gather
             in
             the
             Hay
             into
             long
             ,
             great
             ,
             thicke
             rowes
             :
             then
             you
             shall
             make
             those
             windrowes
             into
             large
             Cockes
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             biggest
             is
             euer
             the
             best
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             defend
             themselues
             from
             raine
             ,
             if
             happily
             any
             shall
             fall
             ,
             whereas
             the
             little
             small
             Cocke
             lying
             light
             together
             ,
             taketh
             in
             the
             raine
             like
             a
             spunge
             ,
             and
             so
             makes
             the
             Hay
             a
             great
             deale
             much
             worse
             then
             otherwise
             it
             would
             be
             ;
             when
             your
             Hay
             is
             thus
             set
             in
             safe
             Cocke
             ,
             you
             shall
             let
             it
             rest
             a
             day
             or
             two
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             take
             a
             little
             sweat
             therein
             ,
             which
             will
             make
             the
             Hay
             wondrous
             pleasant
             and
             swéet
             ,
             then
             when
             the
             Sunne
             is
             got
             vp
             to
             a
             pretie
             height
             ,
             you
             shall
             open
             those
             Cockes
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             sunne
             and
             winde
             hath
             passed
             through
             them
             ,
             you
             may
             if
             the
             grasse
             be
             cleane
             &
             fine
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             without
             ranke
             grasse
             ,
             load
             it
             ,
             and
             carrie
             it
             either
             into
             the
             Barne
             ,
             or
             such
             other
             place
             ,
             as
             you
             haue
             appointed
             for
             the
             receit
             thereof
             :
             but
             if
             it
             haue
             any
             ranke
             grasse
             ,
             which
             you
             sée
             vnwithered
             amongst
             it
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             make
             it
             vp
             againe
             into
             safe
             cockes
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             rest
             a
             day
             or
             two
             more
             before
             you
             leade
             it
             away
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             making
             vp
             of
             fine
             Hay
             .
          
           
             Now
             for
             the
             making
             of
             course
             grasse
             into
             Hay
             ,
             
             which
             you
             must
             suppose
             to
             be
             grasse
             growing
             ,
             in
             colde
             ,
             moyst
             ,
             woodie
             ,
             and
             barraine
             grounds
             ,
             full
             of
             wéedie
             ,
             rough
             ,
             and
             stumpie
             hearbage
             ,
             long
             in
             growing
             ,
             late
             ere
             it
             can
             be
             gathered
             ,
             and
             therefore
             depriued
             of
             much
             of
             the
             Sunnes
             strength
             ,
             to
             swéeten
             and
             wither
             it
             .
             This
             grasse
             as
             soone
             as
             it
             hath
             béene
             mowne
             and
             tedded
             ,
             as
             it
             before
             said
             :
             the
             next
             day
             you
             shall
             make
             it
             into
             little
             grasse
             Cockes
             ,
             as
             bigge
             as
             little
             Moale-hilles
             ,
             and
             so
             hauing
             layne
             a
             day
             or
             better
             ,
             then
             breake
             them
             open
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             receiue
             the
             sunne
             and
             winde
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             heat
             and
             si●eat
             a
             little
             in
             the
             grasse
             ,
             which
             makes
             it
             Hay
             the
             sooner
             &
             better
             :
             then
             after
             the
             Sunne
             hath
             spent
             all
             his
             power
             vpon
             it
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             it
             vp
             into
             little
             Cockes
             againe
             ,
             putting
             two
             of
             the
             first
             Cockes
             into
             one
             ,
             then
             hauing
             so
             layne
             another
             day
             ,
             breake
             them
             open
             againe
             ,
             and
             giue
             them
             the
             Sunne
             :
             
             then
             make
             them
             vp
             againe
             ,
             and
             put
             thrée
             or
             foure
             of
             those
             Cockes
             into
             one
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             them
             lye
             another
             day
             ,
             th●●
             breake
             them
             open
             as
             before
             ,
             if
             the
             Sunne
             shine
             faire
             ,
             and
             at
             euening
             make
             them
             vp
             againe
             ,
             putting
             thrée
             or
             foure
             of
             those
             Cockes
             into
             one
             ,
             and
             so
             euery
             morning
             after
             the
             Sunne
             is
             vp
             breake
             them
             open
             ,
             a●d
             at
             euening
             ●ake
             them
             vp
             againe
             ,
             till
             you
             finde
             that
             the
             Hay
             is
             sufficiently
             well
             dried
             ,
             and
             sweateth
             no
             more
             in
             the
             Cocke
             :
             but
             in
             the
             morning
             when
             you
             breake
             it
             open
             it
             is
             dry
             ,
             without
             stemme
             ,
             smoake
             ,
             or
             vapour
             arising
             from
             it
             ,
             which
             both
             your
             hand
             and
             eye
             may
             perceiue
             in
             the
             first
             stirring
             or
             mouing
             ,
             and
             then
             you
             may
             at
             your
             pleasure
             leade
             it
             home
             ,
             and
             house
             or
             stacke
             it
             as
             you
             shall
             haue
             occasion
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             Hay
             ,
             it
             is
             two-folde
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             either
             for
             the
             maintainance
             of
             bréeding
             Cattell
             ,
             or
             Cattell
             for
             labour
             ,
             or
             else
             for
             the
             féeding
             of
             Cattell
             for
             the
             Market
             ,
             or
             for
             slaughter
             :
             for
             the
             maintainance
             of
             bréeding
             Cattell
             ;
             or
             the
             Cattell
             which
             are
             imployed
             in
             your
             Plough
             or
             other
             labours
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             draught
             or
             trauell
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             choise
             of
             the
             swéet
             ,
             and
             well-dried
             Hay
             ,
             which
             is
             of
             fresh
             and
             gréene
             colour
             ,
             well
             withered
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             perfect
             Hay
             ,
             though
             it
             be
             long
             ,
             loggie
             ,
             and
             not
             excéeding
             much
             swéet
             ,
             it
             matters
             not
             ;
             for
             being
             well
             Inned
             and
             dried
             ,
             it
             will
             serue
             sufficiently
             for
             those
             purposes
             :
             and
             with
             this
             Hay
             to
             mingle
             sometimes
             Wheat-straw
             ,
             Rye-straw
             ,
             Barly
             ,
             or
             Oate-straw
             will
             not
             be
             amisse
             for
             heilding
             ,
             or
             bréede
             Cattell
             :
             but
             for
             worke-beasts
             ,
             except
             necessitie
             constraine
             ,
             let
             them
             haue
             Hay
             simple
             of
             it selfe
             ,
             during
             the
             busie
             time
             of
             their
             worke
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             rest
             ,
             you
             may
             vse
             your
             discretion
             .
             For
             the
             times
             of
             giuing
             Hay
             or
             fodd●ring
             to
             such
             Cattell
             as
             are
             in
             the
             house
             ,
             the
             best
             is
             in
             the
             morning
             before
             they
             goe
             to
             labour
             ,
             in
             the
             euening
             when
             they
             come
             from
             labour
             ,
             presently
             after
             their
             drinke
             ,
             and
             at
             night
             when
             you
             goe
             to
             bed
             .
             But
             for
             those
             Cattell
             which
             goe
             abroad
             ,
             as
             Shéepe
             ,
             heilding
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             to
             fodder
             them
             morning
             and
             euening
             ,
             is
             out
             and
             out
             fully
             sufficient
             .
          
           
           
             Now
             for
             the
             vse
             of
             Hay
             for
             fat
             cattell
             ,
             you
             shall
             make
             choyse
             of
             the
             fruitfullest
             ,
             swéetest
             ,
             finest
             ,
             and
             shortest
             Hay
             you
             haue
             ,
             being
             full
             of
             flowers
             ,
             pleasant
             and
             odoriferous
             to
             smell
             on
             :
             and
             although
             this
             Hay
             be
             mixt
             with
             some
             roughnesse
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             not
             the
             worse
             ,
             for
             though
             your
             fat
             beast
             make
             thereof
             great
             orts
             ,
             yet
             is
             the
             losse
             not
             great
             ,
             for
             those
             orts
             may
             be
             giuen
             to
             other
             heilding
             and
             hungrie
             cattell
             ,
             which
             will
             eate
             them
             with
             great
             eagernesse
             .
             This
             Hay
             would
             in
             the
             first
             gathering
             not
             be
             withered
             too
             sore
             but
             so
             stackt-vp
             with
             a
             little
             hartie
             gréen●esse
             that
             it
             may
             a
             little
             mo●●-burne
             ,
             and
             alter
             the
             colour
             to
             a
             Redish
             brounnesse
             ,
             but
             by
             no
             meanes
             so
             moyst
             that
             it
             may
             mould
             ,
             rot
             ,
             or
             putrifie
             ,
             for
             that
             is
             f●●some
             and
             v●de
             ,
             but
             onely
             alter
             the
             colour
             ,
             and
             thereby
             make
             the
             smell
             swéetee
             and
             stronger
             .
             This
             Hay
             will
             entice
             a
             beast
             to
             eate
             ,
             and
             will
             strengthen
             and
             inable
             his
             stomacke
             ,
             and
             withall
             will
             bréed
             in
             him
             such
             a
             drought
             or
             thirst
             ,
             that
             hardly
             any
             water
             will
             quench
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Grazier
             takes
             it
             euer
             for
             an
             infall●ble
             signe
             ,
             that
             when
             his
             beast
             drinkes
             much
             he
             féeds
             fast
             and
             his
             tallo●
             wonderfully
             increaseth
             .
             For
             the
             ordinarie
             times
             of
             foddring
             your
             fat
             cattell
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             in
             the
             stall
             ,
             and
             as
             we
             say
             ,
             tyed
             vp
             by
             the
             head
             ,
             the
             best
             is
             in
             the
             morning
             before
             and
             after
             water
             ,
             at
             noone
             ;
             in
             the
             euening
             before
             &
             after
             water
             ,
             and
             late
             in
             the
             night
             ,
             when
             you
             goe
             to
             bed
             ,
             but
             if
             they
             féede
             abroad
             ,
             and
             take
             the
             benefit
             of
             Foggs
             and
             after-grasse
             ,
             then
             to
             fodder
             them
             Morning
             ,
             Euening
             ,
             and
             high-noone
             is
             fully
             sufficient
             .
          
           
             Here
             I
             could
             speake
             of
             Pease-f●●ding
             of
             Shéep
             ,
             Swine
             ,
             and
             other
             cattel
             ,
             eyther
             at
             the
             Trough
             ,
             Kée●●e
             ,
             Stacke
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             the
             seuerall
             manner
             of
             cratches
             ,
             fashions
             of
             st●ls
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             necessary
             rules
             appertaining
             to
             this
             mysterie
             ;
             but
             I
             am
             against
             my
             will
             confine●
             ,
             and
             therefore
             must
             referre
             i●
             to
             some
             other
             occasion
             ,
             being
             loath
             to
             spoyle
             an
             excellent
             discourse
             ,
             with
             a
             tale
             halfe
             fould
             ,
             and
             imperfectly
             spoken
             :
             And
             thus
             much
             therefore
             of
             Me●owes
             ,
             and
             their
             seuerall
             vses
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
             A
             new
             method
             for
             the
             husbandly
             curing
             of
             all
             manner
             of
             Cattels
             diseases
             .
          
           
             
             OF
             this
             Theame
             I
             haue
             written
             a
             whole
             (
             or
             as
             some
             will
             suppose
             many
             )
             Histories
             ,
             yet
             doubtlesse
             nothing
             too
             much
             ,
             the
             cause
             is
             so
             necessary
             and
             co●●edious
             :
             yet
             this
             I
             must
             let
             euery
             Reader
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             what
             I
             〈◊〉
             herein
             formerl●
             done
             ,
             I
             did
             for
             a
             general
             and
             vncontrou●lable
             satisfaction
             to
             the
             whole
             Kingdome
             ,
             both
             the
             learn●●
             and
             vnlearned
             ,
             and
             as
             well
             to
             satisfie
             the
             nicest
             〈◊〉
             most
             curious
             opinion
             ,
             as
             the
             simple
             and
             playne
             〈◊〉
             creature
             :
             whence
             it
             came
             that
             I
             waded
             Artfully
             and
             profoundly
             into
             the
             vttermost
             secrets
             of
             this
             knowledge
             ,
             ●●●uing
             nothing
             vnsearcht
             ,
             or
             vnset
             downe
             ,
             that
             might
             〈◊〉
             way
             tend
             to
             the
             satisfaction
             of
             any
             iudiciall
             Reader
             ,
             〈◊〉
             therefore
             tooke
             liberty
             to
             make
             a
             large
             progresse
             ,
             without
             sparing
             any
             paynes
             ,
             to
             make
             my
             worke
             absolutely
             〈◊〉
             perfect
             .
             But
             now
             ,
             hauing
             onely
             to
             doe
             with
             our
             〈◊〉
             playne
             English
             Husbandman
             ,
             who
             eyther
             cannot
             〈◊〉
             read
             ,
             or
             else
             hath
             little
             leasure
             to
             read
             ,
             at
             most
             but
             ●
             little
             memorie
             to
             bestow
             vpon
             his
             readings
             ;
             I
             haue
             〈◊〉
             for
             his
             ease
             both
             of
             memory
             ,
             readings
             ,
             and
             other
             ve●ao●s
             ,
             drawne
             him
             such
             a
             method
             for
             the
             curing
             of
             all
             the
             diseases
             in
             cattell
             ,
             as
             was
             neuer
             yet
             found
             out
             by
             〈◊〉
             man
             or
             Authour
             whatsoeuer
             :
             and
             is
             worthy
             to
             be
             ●●●serued
             to
             all
             posterities
             for
             euer
             and
             euer
             .
          
           
             
             To
             beginne
             then
             first
             with
             the
             Horse
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             ●●●bandmans
             principallest
             creature
             ,
             you
             shal
             vnderstand
             that
             he
             hath
             ,
             of
             my
             knowledge
             ,
             one
             hundred
             and
             odde
             disea●●●
             or
             infirmities
             ,
             besides
             other
             hurts
             and
             blemishes
             for
             〈◊〉
             which
             ,
             I
             haue
             seuerally
             shewed
             seuerall
             cures
             ,
             as
             may
             ●●peare
             by
             the
             volumes
             which
             are
             much
             too
             great
             for
             〈◊〉
             
             Husbandman
             to
             carry
             in
             his
             braynes
             ,
             and
             therefore
             for
             his
             ease
             I
             haue
             drawne
             all
             those
             hundred
             and
             odde
             sicknesses
             or
             sorrances
             ,
             into
             twelue
             ,
             and
             will
             assure
             euery
             Husbandman
             that
             with
             these
             twelue
             medicines
             following
             ,
             hée
             shall
             perfectly
             cure
             all
             the
             diseases
             in
             a
             Horse
             ,
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             To
             procéede
             then-in
             an
             orderly
             manner
             to
             the
             curer
             :
             
             Euery
             husbandman
             must
             know
             that
             all
             diseases
             in
             a
             horse
             are
             inward
             or
             outward
             :
             inward
             as
             offending
             the
             vitall
             parts
             ,
             or
             outward
             as
             troubling
             the
             members
             :
             to
             speake
             then
             first
             of
             inward
             sicknesse
             ,
             I
             will
             diuide
             it
             into
             two
             branches
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             eyther
             it
             offends
             the
             heart
             ,
             or
             the
             brayne
             :
             If
             it
             offend
             the
             heart
             ,
             we
             call
             them
             ,
             Feauers
             ,
             Yellowes
             ,
             Anticor
             ,
             consumption
             of
             lungs
             ,
             Liuer
             ,
             Splene
             ,
             Gall
             or
             other
             intra●●
             ,
             Wormes
             ,
             Fluxes
             ,
             Belly-bound
             ,
             and
             diuers
             other
             of
             like
             nature
             :
             
             For
             any
             or
             all
             which
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             let
             your
             Horse
             bloud
             in
             the
             neck-veine
             ,
             and
             then
             giue
             him
             ,
             during
             his
             sicknesse
             ,
             to
             drinke
             ,
             eyther
             in
             swéete
             Wine
             or
             strong
             Ale
             or
             Béere
             ,
             if
             Wine
             a
             pinte
             ,
             if
             Ale
             or
             Béere
             a
             quart
             ,
             two
             spoonefull
             of
             the
             powder
             called
             Diapente
             ,
             made
             of
             Aristolochia
             root
             ,
             
               Gen●iana
               ,
               Myrthe
               ,
               Eboni
            
             and
             
               Bachi
               lauri
            
             ,
             of
             each
             equall
             quantitie
             ,
             and
             let
             it
             be
             well
             brewed
             together
             ,
             and
             doe
             thus
             euery
             Morning
             fasting
             ,
             and
             let
             the
             Horse
             fast
             two
             houres
             after
             it
             .
          
           
             If
             it
             offend
             the
             brayne
             we
             call
             them
             Appopleries
             Palsies
             ,
             
             Staggers
             ,
             Colds
             ,
             Gl●●nder
             ,
             To●gh●s
             ,
             mourning
             of
             the
             chyne
             ,
             Migrims
             ,
             dizzinesse
             ,
             and
             a
             world
             of
             such
             like
             :
             and
             the
             cure
             is
             to
             take
             Assafeteda
             ,
             and
             dissoluing
             it
             in
             Uinegar
             dip
             hurds
             therein
             ,
             and
             stop
             it
             hard
             into
             his
             eares
             for
             two
             Mornings
             together
             after
             you
             haue
             taken
             from
             him
             great
             store
             al
             bloud
             at
             his
             meeke-veine
             ,
             and
             then
             giue
             him
             to
             drinke
             ,
             during
             his
             sicknesse
             ,
             euery
             Morning
             a
             quart
             of
             Milke
             ,
             wherein
             the
             white
             and
             rough
             cankerrous
             Mosse
             of
             an
             old
             Oake
             pale
             hath
             béene
             sodden
             till
             the
             Milke
             grow
             thicke
             ,
             then
             strayned
             &
             so
             giuen
             luke
             warme
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             finde
             that
             no
             heauinesse
             or
             dizzinesse
             appeare
             in
             his
             head
             ,
             then
             you
             may
             forbeare
             the
             bloud-letting
             ,
             and
             the
             
             Assafeteda
             ,
             but
             not
             otherwise
             ,
             in
             any
             case
             ;
             and
             thus
             assuredly
             these
             two
             medicines
             alreadie
             declared
             will
             cure
             all
             the
             inward
             diseases
             in
             a
             Horse
             ,
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             for
             outward
             diseases
             ,
             they
             are
             eyther
             naturall
             or
             accidentall
             :
             If
             they
             be
             naturall
             ,
             they
             eyther
             grow
             from
             the
             generation
             ,
             or
             bréede
             ,
             from
             whence
             a
             Horse
             is
             descended
             ,
             or
             else
             from
             corruption
             of
             foode
             ,
             or
             other
             vnwholesome
             kéeping
             ;
             If
             they
             grow
             from
             the
             bréede
             and
             generation
             of
             the
             Horse
             ,
             we
             call
             them
             the
             Uiues
             ,
             Wens
             ,
             Knots
             ,
             or
             swellings
             about
             the
             throat
             :
             and
             for
             the
             cure
             thereof
             ,
             take
             a
             peny-worth
             of
             Pepper
             ,
             beaten
             into
             powder
             ;
             a
             spoonefull
             of
             swines-grease
             ,
             
             the
             iuyce
             of
             one
             handfull
             of
             Kew
             ,
             two
             spoonefuls
             of
             Uineger
             ,
             and
             mixe
             them
             together
             ,
             and
             put
             this
             equally
             into
             both
             the
             Horses
             eares
             ,
             and
             so
             tye
             them
             vp
             and
             shake
             the
             eares
             ,
             that
             the
             medicine
             may
             sinke
             downe
             ,
             and
             take
             good
             store
             of
             bloud
             from
             the
             Horses
             necke
             veine
             ,
             and
             temple
             veines
             ,
             and
             vse
             this
             medicine
             two
             or
             thrée
             mornings
             together
             .
          
           
             If
             they
             proéede
             from
             corruption
             of
             foode
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             vnwholsome
             kéeping
             which
             corrupteth
             the
             bloud
             ,
             then
             we
             call
             them
             Impostumations
             ,
             Byles
             ,
             Botches
             ,
             Fistulaes
             ,
             Polemill
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             :
             and
             the
             cure
             is
             ,
             to
             take
             the
             l●ame
             of
             an
             old
             mudde
             wall
             ,
             
             strawes
             and
             all
             ,
             but
             let
             there
             be
             no
             Lime
             amongst
             it
             ,
             and
             boyle
             this
             loame
             with
             strong
             Uineger
             ,
             till
             it
             belike
             a
             Pultus
             ,
             and
             as
             hot
             as
             the
             Horse
             can
             abide
             it
             ,
             apply
             it
             to
             the
             sore
             place
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             not
             onely
             draw
             it
             to
             a
             head
             ,
             and
             breake
             it
             ,
             but
             also
             draw
             it
             ,
             search
             it
             ,
             and
             heale
             it
             .
          
           
             There
             be
             also
             other
             diseases
             which
             procéed
             from
             naughtie
             foode
             ,
             and
             the
             corruption
             of
             blood
             ,
             and
             we
             call
             them
             Farcies
             ,
             Scabs
             ,
             Mangie
             ,
             Scratches
             ,
             Paynes
             ,
             Ma●landers
             ,
             Sellanders
             ,
             
             and
             all
             of
             such
             like
             nature
             ,
             and
             the
             cure
             is
             first
             to
             slit
             the
             hard
             knots
             ,
             or
             rubbe
             off
             the
             scarfe
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             fore
             places
             raw
             :
             then
             take
             yellow
             Arsnicke
             beaten
             to
             powder
             ,
             and
             mixe
             it
             well
             with
             fresh
             grease
             ,
             and
             then
             therewith
             annoynt
             the
             sore
             places
             all
             ouer
             ,
             which
             done
             ,
             tye
             vp
             the
             Horses
             head
             ,
             so
             as
             he
             may
             not
             knappe
             or
             
             bite
             himselfe
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             him
             stand
             an
             houre
             or
             two
             :
             then
             take
             strong
             old
             Pisse
             warmde
             ,
             and
             therewith
             bathe
             and
             wash
             the
             Horse
             all
             ouer
             ,
             and
             so
             put
             him
             to
             his
             meat
             :
             and
             in
             this
             manner
             dresse
             the
             Horse
             or
             beast
             thrée
             or
             foure
             mornings
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             be
             sufficient
             ;
             onely
             you
             must
             not
             fayle
             to
             take
             from
             him
             good
             store
             of
             bloud
             at
             his
             necke
             vaine
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             his
             diseases
             procéed
             from
             accidentall
             causes
             ,
             as
             from
             wounds
             ,
             Bruises
             ,
             Straynes
             ,
             Galles
             ,
             hurts
             in
             the
             Eyes
             ,
             excretions
             ,
             or
             broken
             bones
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             to
             euery
             one
             of
             these
             take
             these
             seueral
             medicines
             which
             follow
             :
             as
             first
             ,
             
             if
             they
             be
             wounds
             ,
             in
             what
             sort
             soeuer
             taken
             or
             receiued
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             Turpentine
             ,
             Waxe
             ,
             and
             hogs-grease
             ,
             of
             each
             a
             like
             quantity
             ,
             and
             melting
             them
             together
             into
             a
             salue
             ,
             dresse
             the
             wound
             therewith
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             heale
             it
             ,
             how
             great
             or
             little
             soeuer
             .
          
           
             If
             they
             be
             bruises
             ,
             whether
             gotten
             by
             stroake
             ,
             naughtie
             Saddles
             ,
             or
             other
             rushes
             ,
             from
             whence
             procéedeth
             many
             times
             old
             ,
             putrefied
             &
             most
             ranckorous
             vlcers
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             if
             the
             tumor
             be
             onely
             swelled
             and
             not
             broken
             ,
             
             apply
             vnto
             it
             the
             fourth
             medicine
             of
             Loame
             and
             Uingar
             ,
             but
             if
             it
             be
             an
             open
             old
             ranckorous
             vlcer
             ,
             you
             shall
             take
             Hogs-grease
             ,
             Turpentine
             ,
             Waxe
             ,
             and
             Uerdigrease
             ,
             of
             each
             a
             like
             quantitie
             ,
             and
             being
             well
             mixt
             ,
             and
             incorporated
             together
             ,
             dresse
             the
             sore
             therewith
             ,
             till
             it
             be
             whole
             ,
             for
             this
             medicine
             will
             abate
             and
             kéepe
             downe
             any
             spungie
             or
             naughtie
             dead
             flesh
             which
             arises
             and
             kéepes
             the
             sore
             from
             healing
             ,
             and
             may
             therefore
             alwayes
             be
             vsed
             in
             such
             like
             cases
             ,
             
             whether
             the
             sore
             be
             new
             or
             old
             .
          
           
             If
             they
             be
             stray●es
             eyther
             of
             ioynts
             or
             sinewes
             ,
             in
             what
             part
             or
             member
             soeuer
             it
             be
             ,
             old
             or
             new
             ,
             take
             strong
             Uinegar
             ,
             Patch-grease
             ,
             and
             Wheat-branne
             ,
             and
             boyle
             them
             together
             till
             they
             be
             thick
             like
             a
             Pultus
             ,
             and
             then
             apply
             it
             very
             hot
             to
             the
             strayne
             ,
             Morning
             and
             Euening
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             a
             most
             certayne
             cure
             ,
             and
             will
             kéepe
             the
             member
             from
             growing
             foule
             ,
             knotted
             ,
             or
             gourded
             ,
             and
             will
             also
             take
             away
             all
             swellings
             or
             paynes
             of
             the
             limbes
             whatsoeuer
             .
          
           
           
             
             If
             they
             be
             Galles
             ,
             of
             what
             kinde
             or
             nature
             soeuer
             ,
             whether
             on
             the
             backe
             ,
             limbes
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             outward
             part
             of
             the
             bodie
             ,
             you
             shal
             take
             first
             fresh
             Butter
             scalding
             hot
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             first
             bathe
             and
             wash
             the
             sore
             ,
             then
             take
             thicke
             Creame
             ,
             &
             mixing
             it
             with
             the
             Soote
             of
             a
             Chimney
             till
             it
             be
             thicke
             ,
             like
             a
             salue
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             annoynt
             the
             sore
             place
             Morning
             and
             Euening
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             cure
             it
             without
             any
             feare
             of
             dead
             flesh
             :
             if
             you
             doe
             strow
             vpon
             the
             sore
             the
             powder
             of
             Rossen
             it
             will
             be
             good
             also
             .
          
           
             
             If
             they
             be
             any
             hurts
             in
             the
             eyes
             ,
             as
             strokes
             ,
             inflamations
             ,
             Pinne-webbe
             ,
             Canker
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             mischiefe
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             take
             true
             ground-Iuie
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             is
             called
             of
             some
             Ale-hoofe
             ,
             and
             beating
             a
             good
             handfull
             thereof
             in
             a
             morter
             ,
             with
             a
             spoonefull
             or
             two
             of
             white
             Rosewater
             ,
             or
             the
             water
             of
             Eye-bright
             ,
             then
             strain
             it
             through
             a
             cleane
             wet
             cloath
             ,
             and
             with
             that
             water
             dresse
             the
             sore
             eye
             Morning
             and
             Euening
             :
             or
             if
             you
             can
             conueniently
             thrée
             or
             foure
             times
             a
             day
             ,
             for
             the
             oftner
             is
             the
             better
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             without
             all
             fayle
             cure
             any
             sore
             eye
             in
             the
             world
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             eyther
             of
             man
             or
             beast
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             creature
             .
          
           
             
             If
             they
             be
             excretions
             of
             bones
             ,
             as
             Splents
             ,
             Spauens
             ,
             Curbs
             ,
             Ringbones
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             in
             what
             part
             or
             member
             soeuer
             they
             be
             ,
             you
             shall
             then
             take
             white
             Arsnicke
             ,
             beaten
             or
             ground
             to
             fine
             powder
             ,
             and
             making
             a
             little
             slit
             vpon
             the
             head
             of
             the
             excretion
             ,
             the
             length
             of
             a
             Barly
             corne
             ,
             or
             very
             little
             more
             ,
             yet
             in
             any
             waies
             downe
             déepe
             to
             the
             excretion
             ,
             &
             then
             with
             the
             poynt
             of
             your
             knife
             put
             the
             Arsnicke
             vpon
             the
             excretion
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             the
             Horse
             stand
             with
             his
             head
             tied
             vp
             for
             two
             houres
             at
             least
             ,
             for
             in
             that
             time
             the
             greatest
             anguish
             will
             be
             gone
             ,
             and
             then
             put
             him
             vnto
             his
             meate
             ,
             and
             in
             thrée
             or
             foure
             dayes
             after
             the
             excretion
             will
             fall
             away
             of
             it selfe
             ;
             and
             then
             with
             a
             little
             swéet
             Butter
             you
             may
             cure
             the
             sore
             ,
             which
             will
             not
             be
             great
             .
          
           
             
             If
             they
             be
             broken
             bones
             ,
             or
             bones
             out
             of
             ioynt
             ,
             you
             shall
             after
             you
             haue
             placed
             them
             in
             their
             due
             place
             ,
             first
             annoynt
             them
             with
             the
             Oyle
             of
             Mallowes
             ,
             or
             for
             want
             of
             it
             with
             
             warme
             Patch-grease
             ,
             and
             then
             clap
             about
             them
             a
             plaster
             made
             of
             Pitch
             ,
             Rossen
             ,
             and
             Masticke
             ,
             and
             so
             with
             soft
             and
             flat
             splents
             ,
             so
             splent
             the
             member
             ,
             as
             it
             may
             not
             moue
             ,
             and
             so
             let
             it
             rest
             nine
             dayes
             ere
             you
             dresse
             it
             againe
             ,
             and
             in
             any
             case
             so
             sling
             the
             Horse
             or
             Beast
             that
             he
             may
             not
             during
             that
             time
             ,
             put
             his
             member
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             which
             a
             little
             diligence
             and
             payne
             will
             easily
             doe
             .
          
           
             If
             your
             Horse
             haue
             any
             infirmitie
             in
             his
             hooues
             as
             quitter-bone
             ,
             ouer-reach
             ,
             
             pricke
             ,
             crowne
             scabbe
             ,
             rotten
             frush
             ,
             or
             any
             such
             vlcerous
             disease
             ,
             you
             shall
             first
             lay
             it
             open
             ,
             and
             then
             heale
             it
             with
             the
             seuenth
             Medicine
             .
             But
             if
             it
             be
             foundring
             ,
             fretteshing
             ,
             or
             such
             like
             ,
             then
             you
             shall
             first
             pare
             all
             his
             hooues
             cleane
             ouer
             ,
             so
             thinne
             that
             you
             may
             discerne
             the
             quicke
             all
             ouer
             ,
             then
             let
             him
             bloud
             at
             the
             toes
             ,
             and
             take
             great
             store
             of
             bloud
             from
             him
             ,
             but
             in
             any
             case
             cut
             not
             the
             veine
             in
             sunder
             :
             then
             take
             the
             sixt
             medicine
             ,
             and
             being
             boyling
             hot
             (
             after
             hollow
             shoes
             haue
             béene
             tackt
             on
             his
             féete
             )
             with
             Flaxe
             hurds
             dipt
             therein
             ,
             stoppe
             all
             the
             soales
             of
             his
             féete
             vp
             hard
             ,
             and
             thus
             doe
             twice
             in
             sixe
             dayes
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             bring
             his
             féete
             to
             their
             full
             perfection
             againe
             ,
             without
             any
             great
             losse
             or
             trouble
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             common
             infirmities
             in
             a
             Horses
             priuy
             parts
             ;
             
             which
             are
             swellings
             ,
             inflammations
             ,
             incording
             ,
             &
             such
             like
             ,
             you
             shall
             but
             only
             swimme
             your
             horse
             in
             cold
             water
             Morning
             and
             Euening
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             a
             present
             helpe
             ,
             both
             for
             them
             ,
             or
             the
             stifling
             of
             a
             horse
             in
             his
             hinder
             ioynt
             :
             Thus
             you
             sée
             these
             twelue
             medicines
             will
             sufficiently
             cure
             all
             the
             diseases
             in
             Horse
             or
             Beast
             whatsoeuer
             ,
             which
             who
             so
             will
             not
             carry
             in
             his
             memory
             ,
             he
             is
             worthy
             now
             and
             then
             to
             be
             punisht
             for
             his
             sloath
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             to
             suffer
             losse
             ,
             which
             may
             make
             him
             more
             industrious
             to
             studie
             for
             his
             owne
             good
             and
             profit
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             for
             the
             cure
             of
             diseases
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A06927-e4200
           
             
               Of
               Rayne
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Clouds
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               Moone
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               Sunne
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               Lightning
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Fovvle
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Beasts
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               things
               vvithout
               motion
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               much
               Raine
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               Snovv
               or
               Haile
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               vvinde
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               tempests
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               faire
               vveather
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               Winter
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               the
               Spring
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               hot
               Sommer
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               long
               Winter
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               forvvard
               or
               backvvard
               yeer
               .
            
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               a
               good
               or
               bad
               yeere
               .
            
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Christmas
               day
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               Sunne
               rising
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               the
               tvvelue
               dayes
               in
               Christmas
               .
            
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Saint
               Pauls
               day
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Maudlin
               ,
               and
               Saint
               Swythens
               day
               .
            
          
           
             
               If
               Corne
               shall
               be
               cheape
               or
               deare
               .
            
          
           
             
               Signes
               from
               Thunder
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               sicknes
               or
               health
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               preseruation
               of
               health
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               choyce
               of
               Ground
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               bettering
               of
               Grounds
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               trenching
               of
               Grounds
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               breaking
               the
               Garden
               moulde
            
             .
          
           
             
               Ordering
               of
               Garden
               beds
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               fruitfull
               Soyle
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               necessariest
               Ornament
               in
               a
               Garden
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               all
               sorts
               of
               Pot-hearbs
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Endiue
               and
               Succorie
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Beets
            
             .
          
           
             Land-Cresses
             .
          
           
             Parcely
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Sauory
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Time.
            
             
          
           
             
               French
               Mallovves
            
             .
          
           
             Cheruill
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Dill.
            
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Isop
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Mints
            
             .
          
           
             Violets
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Basill
            
             .
          
           
             
               Svveet
               Marioram
            
             .
          
           
             Marigolds
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Stravvberries
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Borage
               and
               Buglosse
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Rosemary
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Penyroyal
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Leekes
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Onions
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               gathering
               Onion-seede
               ,
               or
               the
               Onion
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Arag●
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Lumbardy
               Loueage
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Fennell
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Anise
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Comin
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Coliander
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Rue
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Organie
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               vvhite
               Poppy
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Germander
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Cardus
               Benedictus
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Angellica
            
             .
          
           
             
               O●
               Valerian
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Elecampana
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Peppervvort
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Philipendula
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Lettuce
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Spynage
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Sparagus
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Colvvorts
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Sage
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Purslane
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Artichokes
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Garlicke
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Raddish
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Nauevv
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Parsneps
               and
               Carrets
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Pompyons
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               th●
               Covvcumber
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Beane
               of
               Egipt
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Skerrets
            
             .
          
           
             
               A
               most
               necessary
               obseruation
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Roses
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Damaske
               Rose
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               red
               Rose
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               vvhite
               Rose
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Cinamon
               Rose
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               make
               the
               Cinamon
               Rose
               grovv
               double
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Prouince
               Rose
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               make
               Roses
               smell
               vvell
            
             .
          
           
             
               Generall
               notes
               touching
               Roses
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Lauender
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               vvhite
               Lilly.
            
             
          
           
             
               To
               make
               Lillyes
               of
               any
               colour
               .
            
          
           
             
               To
               make
               Lillyes
               flourish
               all
               the
               yeere
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               vvood
               Lilly.
            
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               flovver
               de
               Lice
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Pyonie
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Petillius
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Veluet
               flovver
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Gylliflovvers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               grafting
               of
               Gylliflovvers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               smels
               of
               Gylliflovvers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Wall-Gylliflovver
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Helytropian
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Crovvn
               Emperiall
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Dulippo
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Hyacinth
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Narcissus
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Daffadill
               ,
               Colombine
               ,
               and
               Chesbole
               .
            
          
           
             
               An
               excellent
               Caution
            
             .
          
           
             
               A
               nevv
               manner
               of
               planting
               flovvers
               and
               fruits
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Thunder
               and
               Lightning
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Caterpillers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Toades
               and
               Frogges
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               field
               Myce.
            
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Flyes
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               greene
               Fly.
            
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Gnats
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Pismyers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Moales
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Snailes
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Moathes
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Cankers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Garden
               Wormes
            
             .
          
           
             
               An
               excellent
               experiment
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               conclusion
               of
               the
               Kitchen
               Garden
               .
            
          
        
         
           Notes for div A06927-e10770
           
             
               Wood
               better
               then
               Gold.
            
             
          
           
             
               The
               excellent
               vses
               of
               Wood.
            
             
          
           
             
               The
               plantation
               of
               Wood.
            
             
          
           
             
               The
               fencing
               of
               young
               vvoods
            
             .
          
           
             
               When
               cattell
               may
               graze
               in
               Springs
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               vse
               of
               the
               clay
               ground
               for
               Wood.
               
            
          
           
             
               A
               speciall
               note
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               deuision
               of
               Woods
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               valevv
               of
               vnder-vvood
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               sale
               of
               vnder-vvoods
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               cut
               vnder
               vvoods
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               fencing
               of
               salles
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Woodvvards
               duty
            
             .
          
           
             
               What
               high
               Woods
               are
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               beginning
               of
               high
               Woods
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Plantation
               of
               high
               Woods
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Planting
               the
               Elme
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Planting
               the
               Ash.
            
             
          
           
             Obiection
             .
          
           
             Ansvvere
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Trees
               vvhich
               take
               vve●
               invvardly
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Barke-bound
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Hornets
               and
               Dores
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Canker
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Pismyers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Iuy
               ,
               Woodbine
               ,
               and
               Misseltoe
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Thunder
               and
               Lightning
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               sale
               of
               tall
               Woods
               .
            
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               chuse
               Timbers
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               Mill
               Timber
            
             .
          
           
             
               Timber
               to
               beare
               burthen
            
             .
          
           
             
               Timber
               for
               Pales
               ,
               Wainscote
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               Timber
               for
               Pyles
               or
               Water-vvorkes
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vse
               of
               th●
               Elme
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vse
               of
               the
               Ash.
            
             
          
           
             
               Vse
               of
               the
               Wall-nut
               tree
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vse
               of
               the
               Peare-tree
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vse
               of
               the
               Maple
               ,
               Beech
               ,
               and
               Poplar
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Char-coale
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               value
               Timber
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               measure
               Timber
               by
               gesse
               .
            
          
           
             
               Best
               seasons
               for
               the
               s●le
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               time
               for
               Chap-men
            
             .
          
           
             
               When
               to
               cut
               dovvne
               Timber
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               ●et
               all
               sorts
               of
               Quick-set
               .
            
          
           
             
               Planting
               of
               greater
               Trees
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               setting
               of
               Willowes
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               vse
               of
               Willovves
               ,
               Sallovves
               ,
               and
               Oziers
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ordering
               of
               the
               Willow
            
             .
          
           
             
               Ordering
               of
               Ozier
            
             .
          
           
             
               What
               plashing
               is
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               plash
            
             :
          
           
             
               The
               time
               of
               yeare
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Tooles
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               profit
               of
               Plashing
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               lopping
               of
               Timber
            
             .
          
           
             
               What
               Lopping
               is
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               season
               for
               Lopping
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               you
               shall
               lop
               Timber
            
             .
          
           
             
               Diuersities
               and
               vse
               of
               Pastures
            
          
           
             
               Of
               barraine
               Pastures
            
             .
          
           
             
               Signes
               of
               barrainnesse
            
             .
          
           
             
               Battering
               of
               soyles
            
             .
          
           
             
               Sovving
               of
               good
               seedes
            
             .
          
           
             
               For
               abundance
               of
               grasse
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               imperfection
               of
               meanure
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               helpe
               a
               slovv
               Spring
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               help
               Knot-grasse
               and
               Speare-grasse
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               helpe
               Sun-burning
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               helpe
               quarries
               of
               stone
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               help
               Ling
               ,
               Braken
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               To
               helpe
               morishnesse
               or
               quick-nyers
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               helpe
               mossinesse
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               generall
               vse
               of
               barraine
               grounds
               .
            
          
           
             
               What
               Cattell
               are
               to
               be
               bred
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               fertill
               grounds
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               deuision
               of
               rich
               grounds
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               generall
               vse
               of
               rich
               grounds
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Pastures
               and
               ordering
               them
            
             .
          
           
             
               Manner
               of
               feeding
               of
               cattell
            
             .
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               knovv
               a
               fat
               Beast
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Meddovves
               and
               their
               ordering
            
             .
          
           
             
               Preseruation
               of
               Meddovves
            
             .
          
           
             
               When
               to
               lay
               Meddovves
            
             .
          
           
             
               When
               to
               movv
               Meddovves
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               inclination
               of
               the
               vveather
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               manner
               hovv
               to
               movve
               Meddovves
               .
            
          
           
             
               Hovv
               to
               make
               Hay
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               make
               fine
               Hay
            
             .
          
           
             
               To
               make
               course
               Hay
            
             .
          
           
             
               Vse
               of
               Hay
               for
               cattell
               to
               breed
               or
               labour
               vvith
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               reason
               for
               this
               Chap●er
            
             .
          
           
             
               Horses
               diseases
               to
               be
               cured
               vvith
               tvvelue
               Medicines
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               invvard
               sicknesse
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               first
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               second
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               outvvard
               diseases
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               third
               medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               fourth
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               fift
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               sixt
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               seuenth
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               eight
               Medicines
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               ninth
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               tenth
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               eleuenth
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               The
               tvvel●th
               Medicine
            
             .
          
           
             
               Diseases
               in
               the
               feete
            
             .
          
           
             
               Diseases
               in
               the
               priuie
               parts
               ,
               or
               for
               stifling
               .
            
          
        
      
    
  

